Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
nakladnik / publisher
Muzej hrvatskih arheolokih spomenika - Split
urednik / editor
Tomislav eparovi
lektura / proofreading
Sanja Brbora
CIP-Katalogizacija u publikaciji
SVEUILINA KNJINICA U SPLITU
prijevod / translation
Apostrof d.o.o.
autor fotografija / photographs by
UDK
Zoran Alajbeg
raunalna obrada fotografija / digital image processing
Ariadna Albreht
ISBN 978-953-6803-20-0
Split 2009.
Na kraju eljeli bismo spomenuti sve cijenjene kolege koji su nam nesebino pomogli pri izradi ovog
kataloga : Zrinka Buljevi, Dino Demicheli, Sanja Ivevi, Draen Mari, Ivan RadmanLivaja, Jagoda
Mardei, Domagoj Tonini, Mate Zekan.
Svima najtoplije zahvaljujemo.
autori
Finally we would like to express our gratitude to the colleagues who selflessly shared their knowledge
with us in preparing this catalogue: Zrinka Buljevi, Dino Demicheli, Sanja Ivevi, Draen Mari, Ivan
Radman-Livaja, Jagoda Mardei, Domagoj Tonini, Mate Zekan.
authors
je ve pokrenut niz aktivnosti kako bi se predstavio javnosti. U proteklom desetljeu ve su realizirane izlobe o antikoj figuralnoj bronci
i antikim zlatnicima, izdana je monografija o zbirci rimskog novca,
a mnogi znaajni predmeti objavljeni su u strunoj i znanstvenoj literaturi.
Ovim katalogom i prigodnom izlobom predstavljamo dio bogate grae antike zbirke Muzeja hrvatskih arheolokih spomenika. Pri
izboru trudili smo se odabrati najreprezentativnije spomenike, kao i
one koji imaju kakvetakve podatke o nalazitu, pa su znaajni i s topografskog stanovita. Mnogi ovdje predstavljeni spomenici spadaju
u prave bisere hrvatske spomenike batine kakvima bi se zasigurno
rado podiili i najvei svjetski muzeji.
Izbor iz antike zbirke Muzeja hrvatskih arheolokih spomenika
zapoinjemo Rimljanima vrlo omiljenom figuralnom broncom (kat. br.
132). Rimljani su osobito cijenili razliite bronane figurice kojima
su u hramovima darivali bogove, ali kojima su ukraavali i predmete
svakodnevne upotrebe poput dijelova namjetaja, razliitog posua,
svjetiljki, kutijica za medicinski i toaletni pribor i slino.
Figurice esto predstavljaju likove iz mitologije, ali i obine ljude,
10
11
12
13
14
The find site has been determined for some of them, wherein Maruns
Antiquities Journals were greatly helpful. The lamp consists of a
chamber for the oil (discus, infundibulum), a nozzle (nasus) through
which the wick was drawn, and a handle (ansa) on some examples.
The Roman examples developed from similar Greek varieties. This development is discernible in the narrowing of the lamps shoulder and
the enlargement of the discus, which in the Roman examples became
the primary bearer of the decorations. As a functional item, lamps
long retained their basic form, from which numerous variations
emerged. The early types have mainly round and articulated bodies,
which became more oval and organically connected as time passed.
The decoration was initially plastic but later became geometric. The
designations of the masters already appeared during the Republic
era, while later they would become the principal feature of the firma
lamps.
The bronze lamp (cat. no.246) stands out due to its work and
state of preservation; it features a hook for hanging which, together
with a sharp extension, may have served to smother the lamps wick
and once more remove it.
Bone products are mostly everyday functional items which can be
classified by their intended use. The museum collection has a large
number of these:
Decorative pins, hairpins (acus crinalis, cromatoria, crinale) which
were primarily used for dressing womens hair: to braid or wrap locks
of hair (discerniculum) or to part bangs (acus discriminalis). Some literary sources state that women kept poison in hollow pins. They are
present in the catalogue in a number of variants, depending on the
appearance of the tip of the pin (cat.no. 249254). Among the bone
items, the pin bearing a portrayal of Venus (cat. no. 247), from an
unknown site, is notable. The head on this image is missing. The right
arm is bent at the elbow and raised toward the breast, while right
side is not entirely preserved. The body is worked out in considerable
detail, and all anatomical parts are distinguished. The figure is set in
contrapposto, which emphasizes the elegance of movement. A pedestal was placed next to the figures left leg to balance the composition. Based on these portrayal elements, it is Venus. These were typical of the Early Empire period, while the provincial variants appeared
by the midthird century. The purpose of these pins was above all
cultic and magical. They were intended to convey the qualities of the
goddess to the person wearing the pin. Their use as votive offerings
cannot be excluded either. Another pin bearing the portrayal of a
human hand (cat. no. 248) is interesting perhaps not so much due
to the portrayal or its rendering, rather because of the symbolism it
medicinski preparat. Dosta igala pronaeno je u sklopu paljevinskih bears. Namely, this type of hairpin had a magical and cult significance.
grobova uz balzamarije i unguentum ae, pa im se dodjeljuje i uloga It may represent the hand of Sabazios guarding against disease and
u obredu incineracije. Kod nas je jedan primjerak koji bi mogao sluiti other maladies. According to some authors, they served as votive offerings to Sabazios, Dionysius, Venus and Cybele. Pins bearing detoj svrsi (kat. br. 255 ).
Vretena (fusus): najee su krunog presjeka, suena na gornjem, pictions of a human hand were typical of the Early Empire (1st2nd
a proirena na donjem kraju. Na njih se obino stavljao prljen kako bi centuries) and they persisted until the fourth century. Such pins were
ubrzao rotaciju. Zastupljeni su primjercima kat.br.259 (?),260, 261.
frequent on the Rhine and Danube limes, which is explained by the
Prljenovi (verticillus, turbo, rotula) su sastavni dio vretena. Oni spread of Oriental cults within the Roman military since the second
dre konac zategnutim i ubrzavaju rotaciju vretena. Najee se izra- century. Christianity accepts this position of the hand, i.e. the fingers,
uju od teeg materijala, no ponekad su nainjeni i od kosti. U tom upon the bestowal of blessings.
sluaju, sluili su samo za upravljanje niti, te zaustavljanje konca. U
Sewing needles (acus) were generally circular in crosssection
katalogu su zastupljeni jednim primjerom (kat.br.265).
with one or more eyeholes for the thread. Here they are presented in
Preslice (colus): vrsta su palice ili tapa na koji se natakne vuna. two examples, typologically identical with a eyeholes for the thread
U antici su postojale vee, pojasne preslice koje su se jednim krajem in the form of the figure 8 (cat. no. 257, 258).
privrivale na struk, i manje, rune preslice duge 1520 cm koje su
Small cosmetic spoons (cochlea) were made in Pontus from the
se drale lijevom rukom. Budui da su rune preslice i vretena jed- fourth century bc to the fourth century ad. Certain types of pins were
nake duine, ponekad ih je teko razlikovati. Preslice su esto vie wider at the head, and this could be used to gather oil, cream or any
dekorirane od vretena, te na jednom kraju imaju prsten, a na drugom other medical solution. A considerable number of pins were found in
ponekad figuru ene s djetetom u naruju. Takav se tip preslice po incineration graves alongside balsamaria and unguent cups, so a role
antikom svijetu proirio s podruja Balkana.
in incineration rituals was attributed to them. There is an example in
Apotekarske lice (pistillus) izraivane su od kosti, materijala koji the museum which may have served this purpose (cat. no.255).
je pogodan jer ne reagira u dodiru s kemikalijama, a nije ni fragilan
The spindle (fusus) is most often circular in crosssection, and
poput stakla. Isto tako, jednostavan je za obradu.(kat.br.264).
narrower on top and wider at the bottom. Normally a whorl was
eljevi (pecten) zastupljeni su dvama primjercima (kat.br. 266, placed on them to accelerate rotation. They are represented by exam267). Mogu biti izraeni od kosti ili od roga. Jelenji rog ee se upo- ples cat. no.259 (?), 260, 261.
trebljava od 3. stoljea. Sluili su za eljanje kose ili su se stavljali u
Whorls (verticillus, turbo, rotula) are components of spindles.
kosu pri izradi frizure.
They hold the thread taut and accelerate the spindles rotation. They
Kocke (alea, tali, tesserae) su od poetka imale ulogu u raznim are most often made of heavier materials, but sometimes whorls
igrama. Svaka stranica oznaena koncentrinim krunicama te se ta are also made of bone. In this case, the whorl served only to guide
dekoracija kasnije naziva occhi di daddo (kat. br. 268).
the thread and stop the yarn from slipping. Only one example (cat.
Geme obraene u ovom katalogu samo su izbor reprezentativnijih no.265) is shown in the catalogue.
primjeraka. Za jedan dio postoje podatci o nalazitu jer su otkupljivaDistaffs (colus) are type of club or stick used to wind wool. In
ne izmeu dva svjetska rata ponajvie od privatnih osoba s podru- Antiquity, there were larger, belt distaffs which were fastened to the
ja Ivoevaca. Zastupljeni primjerci pokrivaju bogat izbor motiva te waist at one end, and smaller, handheld distaffs 1520 cm long
materijala. Najei su prikazi boanstava : Jupiter (kat.br. 269272), which were held in the left hand. Since manual distaffs and spindles
Minerva (kat.br. 275, 276), Venera (kat.br.278), Fortuna (kat.br. 280), were the same length, sometimes they are difficult to distinguish.
a tu su i bukolike scene (kat.br.287) te simbolini prikazi (kat.br.292, Distaffs were often much more decorated than spindles, with a ring
295). Geme se razlikuju nainom i vjetinom izrade. Neke su vrlo on one end and sometimes the figure of a woman holding a child on
kvalitetne s izraenim detaljima muskulature, frizure ili draperija the other. In the world of Antiquity, this type of distaff spread from
odjee, dok su druge izvedene shematizirano. To je naravno ovisilo the territory of Balkans.
o materijalnom stanju njihovog vlasnika, ali i o duhu i umjetnikim
Apothecary spoons (pistillus) were made of bone, due to the suitstremljenjima vremena u kojem nastaju. Za izradu gema upotreblja- ability of this material, which does not react in contact with chemicals,
vale su se tvrde vrste kamena u kojima su se prikazi mogli urezivati and is not fragile like glass. It is also simple to work (cat. no.264).
15
Combs (pecten) are shown in two examples (cat. no. 266, 267)
dosta precizno. Kao gotovo jedini instrument za urezivanje sluilo
je svrdlo s promjenjivim glavama. Od materijala su najei karneol They may be made of bone or horn. Deer antlers were more frequently
i jaspis. Nain izrade upuuje i na postojanje vie razliitih radionica used since the third century. They were used to comb hair or they
odnosno majstora. Geme su se najee umetale u prstenje i simboli- were placed in the hair when it was being styled.
zirale pojedinca, njegovu obitelj i vjerovanja, te su zastupljene u svim
Dice (alea, tali, tesserae) always played a role in various games.
slojevima rimskog drutva. U vrijeme kada kurzivno pismo nije bilo Each side was marked with concentric circles, and this decoration
razvijeno, otisak geme u vosku ili glini bio je najdjelotvorniji nain was later called occhi di daddo (cat. no. 268).
potpisivanja.
The gems covered in this catalogue are only a selection of the
U Muzeju se uva i odreeni broj kamenih spomenika, a za ovu most typical examples. For some there are data on the discovery
sites because they were purchased between the two World Wars from
priliku izabrana su tri koja nose natpise.
Stela s nepoznatog nalazita sadri jednostavan nadgrobni natpis private individuals in the Ivoevci area. The examples shown exhibit
na kojem se spominju dvadesetpetogodinji Gaj Julije Sever Iuncarius a wide selection of motifs and materials. The most frequent are de(vjerojatno travar), te Julija Maksima (kat. br. 300). rtvenik iz Ni- pictions of gods Jupiter (cat.no.269272), Minerva (cat.no.275, 276),
skog (kat. br. 302) sadri natpis sa spomenom grada Skarabantije. Na Venus (cat.no.278, Fortuna (cat.no.280), and there are also bucolic
mramornoj ploi iz Begovae (kat. br. 301 ) urezan je nadgrobni nat- scenes (cat.no. 287) and symbolic scenes (cat.no. 292, 295). These
pis koji spominje oca Lucija Rutilija Agaklita i ker Rutiliju Homoniju. gems differ in terms of manner in which they were crafted and the
Natpis je jo jedno svjedoanstvo o prisutnosti osoba grkog porije- skill involved. Some are of a high quality, with refined details of muskla na istonoj jadranskoj obali. Njime zakljuujemo izbor iz antike culature, hairstyles or drapery of the clothing, while others were only
rendered sketchily. This naturally depended on the financial status
zbirke Muzeja hrvatskih arheolokih spomenika.
of their owners and also on the spirit and artistic aspirations of the
time in which they were made. Very hard types of stone were used to
make gems, onto which portrayals could be quite precisely engraved.
Almost the sole instrument used for engraving was the drill with adjustable heads. The most common raw materials were cornelian and
jasper. The rendering methods indicate the existence of a number of
different workshops and/or masters. Gems were most often mounted
onto rings and they were symbols of the individual, his/her family and
beliefs, and as such they were present in all classes of Roman society.
At a time when cursive handwriting had not developed, the imprint of
a gem in wax or clay was the most effective way to affix a signature.
With reference to stone monuments, on this occasion three bearing inscriptions were selected.
The stela from an unidentified site contains a simple grave inscription in which the twentyfive yearold Gaius Julius Severus, who
was Iuncarius (probably a herbalist) and Julia Maxima (cat. no. 300)
are mentioned. The altar from Nisko (cat. no. 302) contains an inscription mentioning the city of Scarabantia. The marble slab from
Begovaa (cat. no. 301) bears an engraved grave inscription which
mentions the father Lucius Rutillius Agaclytus and the daughter Rutillia Homonia. The inscription once more testifies to the presence of
persons of Greek origin on the Eastern Adriatic seaboard. With this
we conclude this selection from the Ancient Roman Collection of the
Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments.
16
Katalog / Catalogue
1. Figure of Minerva with helmet and cloak featuring the head of Medusa
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 13.54.7 cm.
Site: Biskupija, Popovia oranica
Dating: 1st cent. ad
Inv. no. 6970
References: Patsch 1899, pp. 512514; eparovi 1999, p. 6
19
20
3a
21
22
23
24
25
10
11
12
26
13
14
15
16
27
17
17
28
18
18. Fragment of yoke reinforcement shaped like lion with medallion bearing
childs head
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 64.7 cm.
Site: Tikovac
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7091
References: eparovi 1999, p. 13
29
21
19
20
30
22
24
31
25
26
27
28
32
29
30
31
32
33
33
34
33a
33
35
35. Paragnatida
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 15,510 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7094
Neobjavljena
35. Cheek guard
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 15.510 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7094
Unpublished
35
35
34
36
34a
34b
34c
34d
37
36
37
38
39
40
41
38
42
43
42. Bode
Materijal: eljezo
Dimenzije: du. 34,5 cm; nakrsnica 8,2 cm; sjeivo 6,5 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: prva polovina 1. st.
Inv. br. 6945
Neobjavljen
42. Dagger
Material: iron
Dimensions: length 34.5 cm; crossguard 8.2 cm; blade 6.5 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: first half of 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6945
Unpublished
39
44
45
46
47
40
48
49
50
51
41
52
53
54
42
55
56
56. Pojasna kopa s reetkastim okovom i preicom u obliku dviju ribljih glava
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 4,76,2 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: druga pol. 4. st.
Inv. br. 6978
Literatura: eparovi 1999, str. 17
56. Belt buckle with grilled ring and clasp shaped like two fish heads
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 4.76.2 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: latter half of 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6978
References: eparovi 1999, p. 17
57
58
43
59
60
61
62
62. Okov
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 2,82,7 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 6992
Neobjavljen
62. Ring
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 2.82.7 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6992
Unpublished
44
63
64
65
66
45
67
68
69
70
46
71
72
72. Privjesak
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 6,21,5 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7002
Neobjavljen
72. Pendant
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 6.21.5 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7002
Unpublished
73
74
73. Privjesak
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 5,91,4 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7003
Neobjavljen
74. Privjesak
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 62,1 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7004
Neobjavljen
73. Pendant
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 5.91.4 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7003
Unpublished
74. Pendant
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 62.1 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7004
Unpublished
47
75
76
75. Privjesak
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 3,93,3 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7005
Neobjavljen
76. Privjesak
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 42,7 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7006
Neobjavljen
75. Pendant
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 3.93.3 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7005
Unpublished
76. Pendant
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 42.7 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7006
Unpublished
77
78
48
79
80
81
82
49
83
84
85
86
50
87
88
89
90
51
91
92
95
96
52
93
53
97
98
54
100
102
100. Aucissa fibula bearing inscription avcissa which runs from right to left
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 5.32.6 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no.
References: eparovi 1998, p. 178
101
55
103
104
105
106
56
107
109
108
57
110
111
112
113
58
114
115
116
117
59
118
119
120
121
60
122
123
124
61
125
125a
126
126a
62
127
128
129
63
130
131
132
133
64
134
135
136
137
65
138
139
140
171
141. T fibula
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 44.2 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: end of 3rd 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7068
Unpublished
66
142
142. T fibula
Materijal: srebro
Dimenzije: 5,21,9 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: kraj 3. 4. st.
Inv. br. 7069
Neobjavljena
142. T fibula
Material: silver
Dimensions: 5.21.9 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: end of 3rd 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7069
Unpublished
143
144
145
67
146
147
148
149
68
150
151
152
153
152. Narukvica
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: promjer od vanjskih rubova 7 cm.
Nalazite: Potravlje
Datacija: 4. st.
Inv. br. 7078
Neobjavljena
153. Narukvica
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: promjer od vanjskih rubova 7,5 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 4. st.
Inv. br. 7079
Neobjavljena
152. Bracelet
Material: bronze
Dimensions: diameter of outer edges 7 cm.
Site: Potravlje
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7078
Unpublished
153. Bracelet
Material: bronze
Dimensions: diameter of outer edges 7.5 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7079
Unpublished
69
154. Narukvica
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: promjer od vanjskih rubova 6,5 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 4. st.
Inv. br. 7080
Neobjavljena
154
154. Bracelet
Material: bronze
Dimensions: diameter of outer edges 6.5 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7080
Unpublished
155. Narukvica
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: promjer od vanjskih rubova 7,1 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 4. st.
Inv. br. 7081
Neobjavljena
155
155. Bracelet
Material: bronze
Dimensions: diameter of outer edges 7.1 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7081
Unpublished
156. Medicinski skalpel
Materijal: bronca,
Dimenzije: 10,21,1 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7099
Neobjavljen
156
157
70
158
159
160
161
71
162
163
164
165
72
166
167
168
169
170
73
171
172
171. Pinceta
Materijal: bronca s ostacima srebra
Dimenzije: 13,30,6 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7114
Neobjavljena
172. Pinceta
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 7,2 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7115
Neobjavljena
171. Tweezers
Material: bronze with remains of silver
Dimensions: 13.30.6 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7114
Unpublished
172. Tweezers
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 7.2 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7115
Unpublished
173
174
74
175
176
175. Igla
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 11,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci, upljaja (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7118
Neobjavljena
176. Igla
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 11,5 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7119
Neobjavljena
175. Pin
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 11.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci, upljaja (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7118
Unpublished
176. Pin
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 11.5 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7119
Unpublished
177
178
177. Igla
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 10,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7120
Neobjavljena
178. Igla
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 9,1 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7121
Neobjavljena
177. Pin
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 10.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7120
Unpublished
178. Pin
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 9.1 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7121
Unpublished
75
179
179. Vaga
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 10,37,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci, upljaja (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7122
Neobjavljena
179. Scale
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 10.37.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci, upljaja (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7122
Unpublished
181
181. estar
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 191,6 cm.
Nalazite: Kijevo
Datacija: 4. st.
Inv. br. 7124
Literatura: eparovi 2000.
76
181. Callipers
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 191.6 cm.
Site: Kijevo
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7124
References: eparovi 2000.
180
180. Vaga
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 10,82,5 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7123
Neobjavljena
180. Scale
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 10.82.5 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7123
Unpublished
182
182. estar
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 19,81,8 cm.
Nalazite: Kijevo
Datacija: 4. st
Inv. br. 7125
Literatura: eparovi 2000.
182. Callipers
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 19.81.8 cm.
Site: Kijevo
Dating: 4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7125
References: eparovi 2000.
77
183
184
183. Zasun
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 6,91,6 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7126
Neobjavljen
184. Zasun
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 3,40,9 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7127
Neobjavljen
185
186
185. Zasun
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 51,4 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7128
Neobjavljen
186. Stilus
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 12,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7087
Neobjavljen
186. Stylus
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 12.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7087
Unpublished
78
187
188
187. Stilus
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: duina 12,7 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: Carstvo
Inv. br. 7088
Neobjavljen
187. Stylus
Material: bronze
Dimensions: length 12.7 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: Imperial
Inv. no. 7088
Unpublished
189
189. Zvono
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 4,13,6 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7085
Neobjavljeno
189. Bell
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 4.13.6 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7085
Unpublished
79
190. Zvono
Materijal: bronca
Dimenzije: 5,84,7 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv. br. 7086
Neobjavljeno
190
190. Bell
Material: bronze
Dimensions: 5.84.7 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 7086
Unpublished
191
192
80
193
194
81
195
196
82
197
198
83
199
200
84
201
202
85
203
204
86
205
206
87
207
208
88
209
210
210. Amforisk
Materijal: staklo
Dimenzije: 56,8 cm; irina oboda 2 cm.
Nalazite : Zadar
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6921
Neobjavljen
210. Amphoriskos
Material: glass
Dimensions: 56,8 cm; width of rim2 cm.
Site: Zadar
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6921
Unpublished
89
211
213
211. Maskaantefiks
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: gornji dio : 9159 cm; donji dio 4,5187 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. 4. st.
Inv.br.6877
Literatura: Antiki teatar 1979, kat.br.206, str.161
211. Masqueantefix
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: upper portion 9159 cm; lower portion 4.5187 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6877
References: Antiki teatar 1979, cat. no. 206, p.161
90
212
214
214. alica krukolikog tijela ukraena s tri niza sitnih, reljefno istaknutih bradavica
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: 9,14,5 cm; irina oboda 7,1 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.2.st.
Inv.br. 6932
Neobjavljena
214. Cup with pearshaped body decorated with three rows of tiny relief protrusions
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 9.14.5 cm; width of rim 7.1 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent.
Inv. no. 6932
Unpublished
91
215
216
216. Posuda
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: 3,512,6 cm
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 1.2.st.
Inv.br.6925
Neobjavljena
216. Vessel
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 3,512,6 cm
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6925
Unpublished
217
218
218. Tanjur
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: 3,55 cm.
Nalazite: Postinje Gornje
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6933
Neobjavljen
218. Plate
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 3.55 cm.
Site: Postinje Gornje
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6933
Unpublished
92
219
220
221
221a
221.Svjetiljka s prikazom ivotinje (pas ili magarac) u trku udesno, unutar dvaju prstena
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: 9,87,12,7 cm ; promjer diska 3,6 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv.br. 6889
Neobjavljena
221. Lamp bearing portrayal of running animal (dog or donkey) inside two rings
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 9.87.12.7 cm ; diameter of chamber 3.6 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6889
Unpublished
93
222
223
224
224. Lamp with very short nozzles and three protrusions on shoulders
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 8.67.2cm2.9 cm; diameter of chamber 4.3 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. ad
Inv. no. 6886
Unpublished
94
225
226
225a
226a
95
227
227a
228
228a
96
229
230
229a
229. Lamp in two parts with poorly preserved seal etivs at bottom
Material: ceramic
Dimensions:10.87.44.3 cm; diameter of chamber: 4.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6903
Unpublished
230a
97
231
232
232a
98
233
233a
234
234a
234. Lamp bearing seal octavi plastically prominent inside a single ring
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 10.27.13.3 cm; diameter of chamber 4.2 cm.
Site: Balina Glavica (Municipium Magnum)
Dating: 2nd cent. ad
Inv. no. 6922
Unpublished
99
235
235a
236
236a
100
236. Lamp bearing seal lvpati (lvpatvs) on lower portion inside two rings
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 8.65.62.8 cm; diameter of chamber 3.4 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6891
Unpublished
237
238
239
101
240
241
241. Svjetiljka rustine izrade bez ukrasa s blago uzdignutim obrubom diska
i kanala
Materijal: keramika
Dimenzije: 7,14,73 cm; promjer diska 2,4 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 3. 4. st.
Inv.br.6884
Neobjavljena
241. Lamp of rustic make without decoration and with gently raised chamber
rim and channel
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 7.14.73 cm; diameter of chamber 2.4 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 3rd4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6884
Unpublished
242
242. Lamp with strong nozzle with quadratic field on upper portion
Decorated with plant motifs and concentric circles
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 12.47.14.7 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 4th6th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6890
Unpublished
102
243
243. Lamp with handle. Flower with four petals and volutes in corners inside
chamber. Arcade and stylized tree motifs alternate on shoulders
Material: ceramic
Dimensions:13.58.55.3 cm; diameter of chamber 4.2 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 4th6th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6898
Unpublished
244
244a
244. Lamp with ovoid shape, shoulders decorated with band of parallel lines
Material: ceramic
Dimensions: 11.17.36.1 cm; diameter of chamber 2.4 cm.
Site: BribirVratnice (Varvaria)
Dating: 4th 6th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6901
Unpublished
103
245
245a
246
104
246. Lamp with two nozzles placed opposite to each other and preserved
chain and hook for hanging.
Material: bronze
Dimensions of lamp: 1144.1 cm; dimensions of chain: 21.53.8 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6930
Unpublished
247
248
105
249
250
106
251
252
253
254
107
255
256
256. Pin
Material: bone
Dimensions: 9.30.6 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 2nd4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6874
Unpublished
257. Igla
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 120,5 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 14 st.
Inv.br.6928
Neobjavljena
257
257. Needle
Material: bone
Dimensions: 120.5 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 1st4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6928
Unpublished
258. Igla
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 80,3 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija:1.4. st.
Inv.br.6872
Neobjavljena
258
258. Needle
Material: bone
Dimensions: 80.3 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating:1st4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6872
Unpublished
108
259
259. Vreteno?
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 19,91,3 cm .
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6859
Neobjavljena
259. Spindle?
Material: bone
Dimensions: 19.91.3 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6859
Unpublished
260
260. Vreteno
Materijal:, kost
Dimenzije: 15,60,7 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 14 st.
Inv.br.6875
Neobjavljeno
260. Spindle
Material:, bone
Dimensions: 15.60.7 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6875
Unpublished
261
261. Vreteno
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije:14,30,5 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.2. st
Inv.br.6873
Neobjavljeno
261. Spindle
Material: bone
Dimensions:14.30.5 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6873
Unpublished
262
109
263. Preslica
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 11,81,9 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 1.4. st.
Inv.br.6927
Neobjavljena
263
263. Distaff
Material: bone
Dimensions: 11.81.9 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 1st4th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6927
Unpublished
264. lica
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 4,52,3 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.5. st.
Inv.br.6858
Neobjavljena
264
264. Spoon
Material: bone
Dimensions: 4.52.3 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st5th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6858
Unpublished
265. Prljen kalotastog oblika
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: promjer 3,2 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 4.6. st.
Inv.br.6871
Neobjavljen
265
266
110
267
268
267. ealj
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 6,54 cm.
Nalazite: Bribir (Varvaria)
Datacija: 3.5.st.
Inv.br.6926
Neobjavljen
268. Kocka
Materijal: kost
Dimenzije: 0,91 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 16. st.
Inv.br.6865
Neobjavljena
267. Comb
Material: bone
Dimensions: 6,54 cm.
Site: Bribir (Varvaria)
Dating: 3rd5th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6926
Unpublished
268. Dice
Material: bone
Dimensions: 0.91 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st6th cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6865
Unpublished
269
269. Bronze ring with gem bearing portrayal of seated Jupiter facing left, hold
sceptre in right hand, left hand extended. Eagle in front of him
him.
Material: bronze, carnelian
Dimensions: 1.6 cm (diameter of ring); 10.9 cm (gem)
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6840
Unpublished
111
270. Gema s prikazom Jupitera ogrnutog platem. U desnoj ruci dri pateru
a u lijevoj snop gromova ili skeptar. Ispred njega je oltar
Materijal: ahat, zonirani
Dimenzije:1,10,70,2 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. 2.st.
Inv.br.6830
Neobjavljena
270
270. Gem with portrayal of Jupiter shrouded in a robe, holding patera in right
hand and sheaf of thunderbolts or sceptre in left hand. Altar in front of him
Material: agate, zonally distributed
Dimensions:1.10.70.2 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6830
Unpublished
271. Gema s prikazom sjedee figure Jupitera koji u desnoj ruci dri rudo,
dok mu je u desnoj rog obilja
Materijal: karneol
Dimenzije: 1,10,90,2 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 12. st.
Inv.br.6835
Neobjavljena
271
271. Gem with portrayal of Jupiter figure holding rudder in right hand and
cornucopia in right hand
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.10.90.2 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6835
Unpublished
112
272
272. Gem with portrayal of Jupiter with sceptre in left hand and thunderbolt
in right hand. Eagle next to his right leg
Material: chalcedony or rock quartz crystal
Dimensions: 1.31.10.3 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 2nd3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6842
Unpublished
273
273. Gem with portrayal of the young Mercury leaning on a column. Wings
on his back, holding lyre in hands
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.210.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating:1st3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6838
Unpublished
113
274. Gema s prikazom Merkura koji stoji. U lijevoj ruci dri vreu a u desnoj
kaducej
Materijal: karneol
Dimenzije:1,30,90,25 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 2.3. st.
Inv.br.6836
Neobjavljena
274
274. Gem with portrayal of standing Mercury. Holding sack in left hand and
caduceus in right hand
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.30.90.25 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 2nd3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6836
Unpublished
275
114
276
276. Gem with portrayal of female image (probably Minerva) wearing chiton.
Wearing helmet on head
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.10.80.2 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6844
Unpublished
277
277. Gema s prikazom Izide u lijevom profilu. U desnoj ruci dri tap, dok joj
je u lijevoj snop ita, a na glavi lotosov cvijet
Materijal: kalcedon
Dimenzije: 0,950,750,4 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6848
Neobjavljena
277. Gem with portrayal of Isis in leftward profile. Holding wand in right
hand, and sheaf of grain in left hand, with lotus flower in hair
Material: chalcedony
Dimensions: 0.950.750.4 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6848
Unpublished
115
278
278. Gem with portrayal of Venus Victrix leaning on pedestal with left arm,
holding helmet in right hand. Bow or quiver visible on shoulder
Material: chalcedony
Dimensions: 0.850.50.25 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6850
Unpublished
279. Gema s prikazom Nike (Viktorije), vidljiv je lijevi profil. Desna ruka
savijena je u laktu
Materijal: kalcedon
Dimenzije: 0,80,50,6 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv.br.6855
Neobjavljena
279
279. Gem with portrayal of Nike (Victoria), visible in leftward profile. Right
hand bent at elbow
Material: chalcedony
Dimensions: 0.80.50.6 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6855
Unpublished
116
280
280. Gema s prikazom Fortune odjevene u dugu haljinu. U desnoj ruci dri
rudo, a u lijevoj rog obilja
Materijal: jaspis, uti
Dimenzije: 1,850.90,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6832
Neobjavljena
280. Gem with portrayal of Fortuna wearing long gown. Holding rudder in
right hand, and cornucopia in left hand
Material: jasper, yellow
Dimensions: 1.850.90,3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6832
Unpublished
281
281. Gema s prikazom je mukog lika bez odjee (moda Liber). Desnom
se rukom oslanja na svoj tap (thyrsos), dok mu je u lijevoj vjerojatno
kantharos. Do nogu ivotinja (moda pantera)
Materijal: karneol
Dimenzije: 1,10,90,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1 2.st.
Inv.br.6837
Neobjavljena
281. Gem with portrayal of unclothed male figure (perhaps Liber). Leaning on
thyrsos held in right hand, holding what is probably a kantharos in left hand.
Animal (probably panther) next to leg
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.10.90.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6837
Unpublished
117
282. Gema s prikazom mukog lika u raskoraku. U jednoj ruci dri rog obilja
dok mu je u drugoj skeptar
Materijal: karneol
Dimenzije: 1,110,2 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.3. st.
Inv.br. 6843
Neobjavljena
282
282. Gem with portrayal of man in full stride. Holding cornucopia in one
hand and sceptre in the other
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.110.2 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6843
Unpublished
283. Gema s prikazom enskog lika u kontrapostu, u jednoj ruci dri okrugli
predmet a u drugoj koplje ili skeptar. Odjevena je u dugaku odjeu
Materijal: jaspis
Dimenzije: 1,10,80,2 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1.2. st.
Inv.br.6853
Neobjavljena
283
283. Gem with portrayal of contrapposto female figure, holding round item in
one hand and spear or sceptre in other. Wearing long robe
Material: jasper
Dimensions: 1.10.80.2 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6853
Unpublished
118
284
285
285. Gema na kojoj je prikazan Erot koji u ruci dri tap i jae hipokampa.
Iza prikazanog lika nalazi se urezan motiv (moda krilo)
Materijal: karneol
Dimenzije: 0,910,2 cm.
Nalazite: nepoznato
Datacija: 1.3. st.
Inv.br.6846
Neobjavljena
285. Gem bearing portrayal of Eros holding wand in right hand and riding a
seahorse. Engraved motif (probably wing) behind the figure
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 0.910.2 cm.
Site: unknown
Dating: 1st3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6846
Unpublished
119
286
287
287. Gem bearing pastoral scene. Image of man on right side wearing mantle
with schematized portrayal of dog or some other animal in front of him. Tree
shown on left side
Material: carnelian, red
Dimensions: 1.41.10.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6827
Unpublished
120
288
288. Gem with portrayal of masque and portrait of young man in profile
(possibly satyr and silenus).
Material: carnelian
Dimensions: 1.10.90.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st3rd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6841
Unpublished
289
289. Ring with gem bearing portrait of young man wearing laurel wreath
Material: bronze, carnelian
Dimensions: 1.81.2 cm (ring); 1.10.9 cm (gem)
Site: Ervenik
Dating: 1st2nd cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6857
Unpublished
121
290
291
291. Gem with portrayal of hybrid animal with horses head and birds
(roosters) body covering portrait of bearded man (silenus) in middle
Material: jasper, red; bronze remains of ring
Dimensions: 1.10.90.4 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6833
Unpublished
122
292
293
123
294. Gema s prikazom koze (ili jarca) propete na stranje noge uz povijeno
stablo
Materijal: jaspis, crveni
Dimenzije: 1,410,3 cm.
Nalazite: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Datacija: 1. st.
Inv.br.6828
Neobjavljena
294
294. Gem with portrayal of shegoat (or billy) standing on hind legs next to
bent tree
Material: jasper, red
Dimensions: 1.410.3 cm.
Site: Ivoevci (Burnum)
Dating: 1st cent. Ad
Inv. no. 6828
Unpublished
295
124
296
297
125
298
299
126
300
127
301
128
302
129
Karte / Charts
132
133
134
135
Bibliografija / References
Ivevi, S., Metalni i kotani inventar s lokaliteta Sv. Vid, VAHD 8789, Split 1998., 193 208.
Br, M., T., The Bone Objects of the Roman Collection, Catalogi
Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Series Archaeologica II, Budapest
1994.
136
Unz, C., Deschler-Erb, E., Katalog der Militaria aus Vindonissa, 1996.
Petkovi, S., Rimski predmeti od kosti i roga sa teritorije Gornje
Mezije, Beograd 1995.
Radman Livaja, I., Rimska pjeaka kaciga (tip Weisenau) u: Kacige
u Hrvatskoj, katalog izlobe, Zagreb 2001., 54-55.
Radman Livaja, I., Militaria Sisciensia nalazi rimske vojne opreme
iz Siska u fundusu Arheolokog muzeja u Zagrebu, Zagreb 2004.
Riha, E., Die rmischen Fibeln aus Augst und Kaiseraugst, Augst
1994.
Rmische Lampen und Leuchter, Auswahlkatalog des Rheinischen
Landsmuseums Trier, Trier 1997.
.
Sanader, M., Tilurium I, Istraivanja Forschungen 1997 2001.,
Zagreb 2003.
Sena Chiesa, G., Gemme del Museo Nazionale di Aquileia, Padova
1966.
aranovi-Svetek, V., Prilog prouavanju antikog kotanorezakog
rezbarskog zanata na teritoriji june Panonije s posebnim
osvrtom na Sirmium, Rad vojvoanskih muzeja 26, Novi Sad
1980, 121-133.
aranovi-Svetek, V., Tipologija kotanih predmeta iz Sirmijuma,
Rad vojvoanskih muzeja 27 , Novi Sad 1981,149-181.
137
138