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xfdL ;lxb aGg tof/ 5f}+ t/ s;};u em'Sg] 5}gf} M ljKnj

xfdL ;lxb aGg tof/ 5f}+ t/
s;};Fu em'Sg] 5}gf}F. nf]stGqsf
gfddf b]zdf bnfntGq xfjL 5.
xfd|f] 3/df Dofb 6fF;]sf] ef]lnkN6
s] kL cf] n Lsf] 3/df klg Dofb
6fFl;G5. xfd|f ;fyLx?af6 xfdLaf6
u'Dbf kL8fx? 5g\. t/, qmflGt Pp6f
d"No;lxt ;DkGg x'g] kl/36\gf xf].
hgtfsf] laho Pp6f lglZrt
d"Noaf6 k|fKt x'g] kl/36gf xf].
@)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] tkfO{
xfdL ;a}n] Pp6f k|0f u/]/ ;xefuL
ePsf lyof}F, ;lxb x'g kfcf}F eg]/
xfdL tof/ ePsf lyof}+. hgtfsf]
d'lQmsf] nflu, b]zsf] :jflwgtfsf]
nflu gofF k':tfsf] nflu, ljZjdf
>lds au{sf] nflu cfjZos kbf{
;lxb x'g kfcf}+ eGg] OR5f af]s]/
xfdL ;xefuL ePsf lyof}+. n8\b}

5}gf}+ . ltdLx?n] hgtfsf] ck]Iff k'/f

ub}g{ f}+ eg] o;sf] dtnj of] xf]Og ls
xfd| f ;lxbx?, a] kQf kl/jf/x?
ckdflgt x'G5g\, Ps lbg ;a}n]
qmflGt :jLsf/ ug{ / ;lxb, a]kQf /
of]4fx?sf] d"No dfGotfnfO{ :yflkt
x' g ] 5 g\ . cfh zlxb, a] k Qf /
of]4fx?sf] /utnfO{ eof agfP/
tkfO{x+ ? ;Qfdf k'Ug' ePsf] 5. g]kfnL
sfFu|]; /fhtGqsf] h]nleq hfg]jfnf
lyof] , lul/hfk| ; fb sf] O /fnf /
cf;]kf;]x?sf] hLjg 1fg]Gb| zfxsf]
h]nleq laTg]jfnf lyof]. ufpFaf6
hgtfn] nv]6]sf lyP / zx/af6
/fhtGqn] ;vfk kf/] sf] cj:yf
lyof]. Pdfn]sf] hLjg h]nleq lyof].
dfwj g]kfn / s]kL cf]nL / dfwj
g]kfnx?sf] xft / vfdf g]n lyP,
ltd|f xftsf] xTs8L km'Tsfpg] sfd

eg]s 5f}+, xfd|f] 3/df Dofb 6fFl;Psf]

ef]lnkN6 s]kL cf]nLsf] 3/df klg
Dofb 6fFl;G5. of] s'g} n'sfO{ l5kfO{
jf wDsLsf] s'/f xf]Og. xfd|f of]4fx?
lu/tf/ ePsf] lbg, lxhf] s f]
hgo' 4 df bdg ug] { x ?nfO{ klg
lu/tf/ ul/G5. To;sf] abnf xfdL
lnG5f}+. lt hgd'lQm cfGbf]ngdf
alnbfg ug]{ ;lxb / a]kQfx?sf] d"No
of] b]zsf] >]i7 d"No xf]. ;lxb, a]kQf
of] 4fx?sf] /ut d] 6\ g rfxg] x?,
dfcf]j fbL cfGbf]n g d]6\g rfxg]
zlQmx? of] wtL{af6 d]l6g] s'/fdf
s;}n] z+sf ug{' kb}{g.
n] l ggn] eGg' ePsf] lyof]
sDo'lgi6x?n] lrGtf dfq} ug]{ xf]Og,
lrGtg klg ug{'kb{5. of] b]znfO{
s;/L kf/ nufpg]< b]z olta]nf
rf}/df 5f]8]sf] a:t'h:tf] ePsf] 5.

xfdL oxfF ; Dd cfOk' u] s f 5f} + .

o;qmddf y'k}| of]4fx?, hgd'lQm;]gfsf
;fyLx? ;lxb x'g' ePsf] 5. of] b]zdf
;lxb, a]kQf / 3fOt] ckfx?sf] s]
x'G5 eg]/ rf;f] /fVb} cfpg' ePsf]
5. of] b]zdf :jflwgtfsf] nflu
alnbfg u'g{ xfd|f] uNtL lyPg, gf}
hjfgx?sf] gofF eljio ;'lglZrtfsf]
lglDt gofF hgjfbL qmflGtdf xf]ldP/
alnbfg ug{' s'g} uNtL lyPg, Tof]
uf}/jsf] s'/f lyof]. t/, cfh ;a}df
Pp6f kL8f 5, alnbfg ug]{ ;lxbsf]
kl/jf/df, a] k Qf, of] 4 fx?sf]
kl/jf/df, dfcf] jfbL cfGbf]n gdf
uf]na4 tkfO{x?sf] dgdf Pp6f kL8f
5 ls, zlxb / a]kQfx?sf] d"No s]
xf]< xfd|f ck]Iffx? lyP, xfdLn]
rfx] s f lyof} + , ls afn' j f6f/ /
l;+ x b/af/n] ;lxbsf] /utsf]
cjd"Nog ug]{ 5}g, cfO{l;;L ejgn]
a]kQf of]4fx?sf] ejgfsf] cjd"Nog
ug]{5}g. oxfFsf /fhgLlts bnx? /
cGt/f{ l i6 o zlQmx?n] xfd| f
alnbfgx?sf] cjd"Nog ug]{ 5}gg\,
xfdLnfO{ cfzf lyof]. To;aLrdf
d]xgt klg uof}+. !) aif{ u'hfb}{
ubf{ zflGt k| lqmofsf kf/ ubf{
afn'jf6f/, l;+xb/af/ / cfO{;L;L cGt/f{li6o ;Dd]ng s]Gb| ;+;b_ n]
xfd|f] /utsf] pkxf; u/]sf] 5. bnsf
g]tfx?n] la:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf]
ckdfg u/]sf 5g\. hgtfn] of] s'/f
la;]{sf 5}gg\, xfdLn] of] s'/f la;]{sf

ltdLx?sf] kf6L{n ] u/] s f] xf] O g,

hgd'lQm of]4fx?n] u/]sf xf], g]kfnsf]
dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngn] u/]sf] xf].
ltdLx?n] cfh ckdfg ug{ vf]Hb}5f}+ .
ljleGg lab] z L zlQmx?sf]
Ozf/fdf dfcf]jfbL d"No, dfGotf /
cfGbf]ngnfO{ ab\gfd ug{ vf]Hb}5f}+.
;lxb, a]kQfx?sf] lsga]r ePsf]
h:tf] d"NoxLg x'g k'u]sf] 5. pN6f]
clxn] alnbfg ug]{, n8\g,] jL/tfk"js
{
;fdgf ug]{ dflg;nfO{ cfh h]ndf
;8fpg] k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5. d'2f
nufO{b}5, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt egfpFbf]
Pp6f k| ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] cfn]
hgtfsf] lj?4df km};nf ug]{ b':;fx;
klg ub}{5. xfdL x]l//x]sf 5f}+, of]
;+qmd0fsfnsf] kmfObf p7fP/ g]kfnL
hgtfsf] cjd"Nog ug]{, ckdfg ug]{
k|oTg eO/x]sf] 5. xfdL r'gf}lt lbg
rfxG5f}+. g]kfnsf] dfcf]jfbLn] of]
alnbfg gu/]sf] eP, cfh g]kfn oxfF
x'g] lyPg. cfh ;lxb a]kQfx?sf]
alnbfgnfO{ a]r]/ vfg] sfd ePsf]
5. dnfO{ s:tf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf]
5 eg] ldNg] eP, logLx?n] zlxbx?
kmfF;Ldf r9fpFy] xf]nfg\. a]kQfx?nfO{
h]n xfNy] xf]nfg\. lsgeg] /fHo clxn]
lhNnflhNnfaf6 vj/ cfO/x]sf 5g\,
dfcf]jfbLsf 3/df lxhf]sf] d'2fsf
Dofb 6fFl;g yfn]sf 5g\. k|r08 cfkm}F
;/sf/df 5g\ , clg cfkm} ?F b }
;/sf/;Fu jftf{ elg/x]5g\. xfdLnfO{
klg 5nkmndf af]nfO{of]. xfdLn]

s;}n] lhDdf glng], b]z c;/Nn

k/]sf] 5. xfdL dfcf]jfbLx? lg/fz
x'g ldNb}g. k|ltlqmofjfbL /fHo;Qfn]
hgtfdfly u/] s f] ;a} k| s f/sf
Jojxf/sf] lx;fa x'G5. of] b]zdf
sfnf] ;kgf b]Vg]x?sf] ;kgf k'/f x'g
;Sb}g. zlxb / a]kQf of]4fx?sf]
kl/jf/nfO{ d cfZj:t kfg{ rfxG5',
xfdLn] dfcf]jfbLdf Pp6f ljb|f]xsf]
z+v3f]if u/]sf] s'/f, xfdLn] of] b]zdf
PsLs[t hgqmflGt ;+Zn]if0f u/]sf]
s'/f s'g} kbsf] afu]l{ gsf] nflu xf]Og,
dGqL kbsf] nflu xf]Og, kb, s';L{,
k};f / ;'ljwfsf] nflu xf]Og. xfd|f]
Pp6f dfq} ;+sNk / k|lta4tf 5,
g]kfndf ;fdGtx?sf] /fHo;QfnfO{
cGTo ug] { , bnfn k'F lhkltx?sf]
;Qfsf] cGTo ug]{, g]kfndf ljb]zL
tTjx?sf] rnv]nnfO{ cGTo ug]{,
gf} h jfg o' j fx?sf] eljionfO{
cGwsf/df kfg]{ / Pp6f pHjn g]kfn,
:jflwg g]kfn, :jtGq g]kfn, d'Qm
g]kfn, hgtfsf] clwsf/;lxtsf]
g]kfn / cfgf] v'fdf cfkm} plePsf]
;DkGg b]zsf] g]kfnL gful/s x'F eGg]
xfd|f] Pp6f ;kgf 5. Tof] ;kgfnfO{
cfh 3ft ul/Psf] 5. ToxL
;kgfnfO{ k'/f ug]{ c7f]6sf ;fy
xfdLn] kf6L{ k'gu{7g u/]sf xf}+. Tof]
;kgf ;lxb, a]kQf of]4f, b]zeQm,
dhb'/ ls;fg ;a};Fu hf]l8P/ cfPsf]
5.
tkfO{+x?n] clxn] g} xfdLnfO{

;dy{ g ug{ ' ; \ , of] klg d eGg

rfxGg. tkfO{x? oxfF rf}/df kfgLdf
leHb} w]/} dflg;x? ;xefuL x'g' ePsf]
5. tkfO{x?nfO{ xfdLn] ;dy{g ug{;
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egf}nf, t/ To;df s'g} afWotf 5}g.
tkfO{+nfO{ lrQ a'bfsf lbg dfq}
xfdLnfO{ ;dy{g ug{';\. tkfO{nfO{
z+sf nfUbfsf lbg;Dd xfdLnfO{ cf}nf
78\ofpg';\, k|Zg /fVg';,\ xfdL To;sf]
pQ/ lbg, kl/Iffdf ;xefuL x'g tof/
5f}+. xfdL k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] dfq}
xf]O{g, hgtfsf] aLrdf p7]/ cfPsf
k|Zgx?sf] klg hjfkm lbg tof/ 5f}+.
xfdL a?, ;lxb x'g]5f}+, t/ ;lxbsf]
;kgfnfO{ v]/ hfg lbg]5}gf}+. cfh
d km]l/ bf]xf]ofpg rfxG5', cfh
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xhf/ o'jf etL{ uof] /], !) xhf/
xf]Og, xfdL !) nfv etL{ u5f}{ of]
b] zdf. of] b]z df ;lxb, a]kQf
of]4fx?sf] ;kgf k"/f u/]/} 5f8\g]
;+sNk oxfFx? ;dIf /fVg rfxG5'.
b] z df hl6n / ;+ s 6k" 0 f{
kl/l:yltdf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ oxfFsf
a' l4hLjL, o' j f, ls;fg dhb' /,
ls;fg, dlxnf, dw]zL, hghfltnfO{
xfd|f] b[li6sf]0f ;'gfpg xfdL oxfF
pkl:yt ePsf 5f} + . sfd s' /f]
Psflt/ s'Dnf]af]sL s'ltlt/ eg] em}
b]zdf hgtfsf] cj:yf lahf]u 5.
xfd|f] b]zdfly lyrf]ldrf] ul/Psf] 5.
hgtfx? ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gL lklN;Psf
5g\. s'g} ;'ljwf 5}g. kf6L{sf g]tfsf]
efif0f ;'Gg' eof], eg] g]tfx? csf]l{ t/
8Dkm' ahfpFb}5. b}lgs g]tfx?sf]
Wofo, dGqL s;/L aGg], ;/sf/nfO{
s;/L 9fNg], slxn] cfkm}F ;Qfdf k'Ug]
Wofo b]lvG5. 3f]qmf] km'nfO{ km'nfO{
efif0f b]lvG5, gkfpFg] /f]Psf] 5, kfpg]
3fF6L km'nfP/ a;]sf] cj:yf 5.
6]lnlehg, /]l8of], kqklqsf x]bf{
Pp6f gf}6+sL h:tf] b]lvG5. ;a}lt/
;/sf/df a;]/ s;/L n'6\g] / n'6\g
gkfPsfx? ;/sf/df s;/L k'Ug] eGg]
dfq} b]lvG5. hgtf sxfF 5g\, b]z
sxfF 5g\ s]xL dtnj b]lvFbg} . ;a}sf]
lh1fzf 5, dfcf]jfbLn] s] u5{<
b]zdf a9]sf] e|i6frf/ c/fhstf,
cl:y/tfsf] cGTosf] nflu hgtfsf]
s'/f ;'Gg], af]Ng] hgtfsf] g]t[Tj ug]{
Pp6f zlQm rflxof] elg/x]sf 5g\.
hgtfsf] Tof] efjgf;lxt xfdL cufl8
a9\g vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+. lxhf] xfdLn]
eGb} cfPsf] s'/f dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGt
k|lqmofaf6 aflx/ /fv]/ h/ah:tL
cl3 a9\g vf]lhof].
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;Qfdf ;xefuL
u/fpg] eg]sf kf6L{n] hgo'4df cl3
;f/]sf ls;fgsf d'2fx? x'g\ . xfdLnfO{
kb rflxPsf] 5}g. t/, xfd|f d'2f
;Daf]wg x'gk' of]. sfFu;
|] sf] g]tT[ jdf
;xdltx? pN6fpFb} ubf{ xfdLn] To;f]
gug{;' ,\ zflGt cfpFbg} eg]/eGbf dfGg'
ePg, xfdLn] ljb|f]x uof}F. cfh Ps
yfg ;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ g]kfndf
cfly{s a[l4b/ @ c+ssf] x'G5 elgof].
To;f] eGg]df afa'/fd e/fO{ klg xf],
Pdfn] klg xf]. xfdLn] Tof] ;Dej
5} g , o;af6 x' F b } g eGbf klg
dfcf]jfbLlagf g} gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L
ul/of]. dfcf]jfbL gfdsf k|r08 t,
ToxfF lyP, t/ kx]nf] x'g] lalQs} ;'g
x'bF g} lkQn klg x'g ;S5. tkfO{x?n]
gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L u/]kl5 ;a} l7s
x'G5 elgof], s] eof] t< g]kfndf
nf]stGq cfof] t< dfcf]jfbL lagfsf]
;Qfn] hgtfnfO{ k|hftGq lbg ;Sb}g.
lxhf] xfdLdfly k|hftGq efF8\g]
dfcf]jfbL, pu|jfbL dfcf]jfbL eg]/
cf/f]k nufOof]. ;+ljwfg ag]kl5 ;a}
l7s x'G5 elgof], ;+ljwfg ag]kl5
Pp6f xLdf s's'/n] emu8f u/] em}
emu8f ug]{ tkfO{x? xf]Og< Pp6f
xLdf k|r08 / s]kL cf]nL n8\g'
eof], Pp6f xLdf sf+u;
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/ s]kL cf]nL nl8/fVg' ePsf] 5.
g]kfndf xfdLn] x]of}+, oxfF k|hftGq

g} cfPg. oxfF t hgtfsf] k|hftGqsf]

7fpFdf bnfntGq cfof]. g]kfndf
c/fhstftGq cfPsf] 5,
e|i6frf/tGq cfPsf] 5, t:s/L /
sldzgvf]/x?sf] tGq cfPsf] 5.
hgtffO{ bnfntGq, e|i6frf/tGq,
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xfdLn] b]v]sf] s'/f oxL xf]. zflGt
x'G5, zflGt eof] t< xfdLn] b]Vof}+
dfcf]jfbLn] ubf{ xf]Og, pxfFx?sf ljjfbn]
ubf{ ;+ljwfg gaGb} bh{gf}+ dflg;sf]
/ut a9]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg ag]kl5 lx+;f
5, c/fhstf a9]sf] 5.
;+ljwfgkl5 ef/tn] gfsfaGbL
uof]. oxfF s'/f ef/tsf] gfsfaGbLsf]
dfq} xf]Og, of] bnfn ;Qfsf] klg
bf]if 5. g]kfndf dxFuL clt a9\of].
cfly{ s a[ l4b/ z" G odf emof] .
bnfnx?sf sf/0f pBf] ukltx?
pBf]uaf6 ;8sdf k'Ug] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf 5g\. ljb]zL bnfnx? /ftf/ft
ca{klt ag]/ knfog ePsf] cj:yf
/ s]xL u/f+} eGg] /fi6jfbLx? ;8sdf
k' Ug] cj:yf l;h{ gf x'g k' Uof] .
sfnf]ahf/L # c+s df a9] sf] 5,
d"Noa[l4 # c+sdf a9]sf] 5. t:s/L,
e|i6frf/ dfq} xf]Og, glbgfnf a]Rg],
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huhlu x'g k'u]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg
ag]kl5 ;a} l7s x'G5 eg]sf]df ;a}
lakl/t ePsf] 5. /fli6o :jflwgtf
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bnsf g] t fx? aflx/ aflx/
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n}grf}/df nDk;f/ kg]{ u/]sf 5g\.
lbNnLdf k'u]/ sldzg / ;Qfsf]
afu]{lg ul//x]sf] 5. Pslbg Pp6f
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x'G5 eg] csf]{ lbg csf]{ ;Qfsf] s'/f
ul//x]sf] x'G5. RofFv] yfKg], bfp
xfGg] :jflwgtfsf] dfldnfnfO{
h'jf8]x?sf] bfp xfGg] sfd ePsf] 5
g]kfndf. ;+ljwfg ag]kl5 klg
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lab]zLx?sf] rnv]n cToflws a9]sf]
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hldg a]Rg'kg]{, dhb'/x? hflu/af6
lgsflng] cj:yf cfpFb}5. o'jfx?
a]/f]huf/ x'g] l:ylt cfpFb}5. b]z
pBf]ultlt/ uO/x]sf] 5.
b]zsf] cj:yf o:tf] x'g'df w]/}
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bnfnau{ xfjL x'g] d'Vo sf/0f xf].
/fHo;Qfdf bnfn / ljb]zLx?sf]
x} sd rNbf;Dd of] ;d:of xn
x'g]jfnf 5}g. /fhgLltdf aGb} u/]sf]
kl/j]zdf of] /fHo;Qfsf] lj?4df
dfcf]jfbLn] csf]{ ;Qf agfpF5. of]
sfg'gsf] ;fdf dfcf]jfbLn] csf]{
sfg'g agfpF5. of] ;/sf/lj?4
dfcf]jfbLn] csf]{ ;/sf/ agfpF5.
h'g lbg of] b]zdf k|ltlqmofjfbL
;+ljwfg aGof], h'g lbg of] b]zdf
s]kL cf]nLsf] ;/sf/ aGof] xfdLn]
klg /Tgkfs{af6 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5f}+,
of] b]zdf Pp6f dfq} ;+ljwfg 5}g.
of] b]zdf Pp6f dfq} ;/sf/ 5}g.
s;}nfO{ e|d gk/f]:, n]lggn] eGg'
ePsf] 5, ha k' / fgf] ;Qfdf
a;]sfx?n] hgtfnfO{ pkxf; ub{5g\,
To;n] gofF ;Qf hGdfpFb5.
xfdLn] s'g} cGo afu]{lg xf]Og,
dfcf]jfbL lagfsf] ;+ljwfg agfpg]
sfo{ xfdLnfO{ :jLsfo{ 5}g eg]/
eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]kl5 of]
b]zdf hgtfsf] cfg} ;+ljwfg /
;/sf/ klg 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] x]Ssf
/fVg'kb{5. of] b]zdf z]/ axfb'/ /
k|r08hLn] nfu" ug]{ ;+ljwfg dfq}
xf]Og{ , b'O{ j6f ;+ljwfg 5g\. of] b]zdf
ls;fg / dhb'/n] nfu" ug]{ csf]{
;+ljwfg klg 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] xSsf

/fVg' kb{ 5 . lxhf] k| r08n] eGb}

x' g ' x ' GYof] , Ps gDa/df :yfgLo
lgsfosf] r'gfjdf hfg]. xfd|f] klg
of]hgf Ps gDa/df :yfgLo ;Qf
tnaf6 agfP/ Nofpg] xfd|f] klg
of]hgf 5. of] b]zdf k|ltlqmofjfbL
;+;bLo ;+ljwfg xfdL afFRbf;Dd nfu"
x'g]5}g. Tof] ;Dej 5}g. hgtfsf]
;+ljwfg klg sfof{Gjog klg ;Fu;Fu}
sfof{ G jog x' g ] 5 . of] b] z df
k|ltlglw;ef / ;+;b klg Pp6f dfq}
5}g. Pp6f ;+;b\ cfO{;L;L ejgdf
rN5, csf] { hgk| l tlglw ;+ ; b
hgtfsf] aLrdf rN5.
of] b] z df hgk| l tlglw;ef
xfdL;Fu klg 5. Tolt dfq} xf]Og,
oxfF s]kL cf]nL k|wfgdGqL ePsf] ;Qf
klg 5 / oxfF ;Gtf]if a'9f k|d'v
ePsf] csf]{ ;/sf/ klg 5 b]zdf.
hgtf;F u csf]{ ;+ /rgf klg 5,
;'lznf sfsL{ k|wfgGofoflwz ePsf]
;jf]{Rr cbfnt 5, tkfO{ dfq} xf]O{g
k|wfgGofoflwz oxfF hgtfsf] cbfnt
klg cfpFb}5 eGg] s'/f ;a}n] a'g
h?/L 5. tkfO{x? xfd|f] s'/f ;'Gg'xG' g
eg] of] cfpF5, cfO/xG5. :yfgLo
lgsfosf] r'gfj ug]{ s'/f cfPsf] 5,
:yfgLo ;Qf dfq} xf]Og, oxfF ofS6L
ofS6Ldf dhb'/sf] ;Qf 5. xfdL
of] ;Qf;Fu x/]s s'/fdf k|lt:kwf{
ug{ tof/ 5f}+. laKnj e"ldut eof]
eGg] klg ;'lgof]. of] k~rfotL s'/f
eof]. clxn] xfdL hgtfsf] aLrdf
uPsf] dfq} xf]. xfdL sf7df8f}d+ f klg
n8\g] xf], yjfdf klg n8\g]. xfdL
l;Gw'nL, d':tf, tfKn]h' jf hgsk'/
;a} 7fpFdf n8\g] xf]. ltdLx?n]
hgo'4df xfdLnfO{ x/fPsf] x'GYof] eg]
xfdL ;lxb x'GYof},+ xfdLnfO{ eGg' s]xL
x'g] lyPg. n8fO{df xfdL klg cfF6]/
g} uPsf] xf]. tkfO{x? klg tof/
eP/ cfPsf] xf] eg] xfdL tof/. t/
s';L{df nu]/ Psb'O{hgf ab\gfd
dfcf] j fbLnfO{ lsg] / , k} ; fsf
nf] eLx?nfO{ 3]/f xfn]/, b'O{ rf/
s/f]8df lsg]/ ;Qf l6sfpg] hf]
;kgf b]v]sf 5f}+, x]/f}+ k|lt:kwf{ u/f}+,
km]l/ n8fO{ eof] / xfdLn] xf/]5f}+ eg]
slt rnfpF5f}+, rnfpm ;Qf.
To;df g]kfnL ;]gf g} cfpF5 eg]
klg xfdL 5ftL yfk]/ n8\g tof/
5f}+. t/, g]kfnL ;]gfn] s;nfO{ ;fy
lbg] xf]< g]kfn k|x/L of] b]zsf
bnfnnfO{ ;fy lbg] ls hgtfnfO{
;fy lbg] /f]Hg] a]nf cfPsf] 5. g]kfn
k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf / sd{rf/L ;fd"
ulDe/ k|Zg pAh]sf] 5. ltdLx?n]
b]z a]r/] vfg] bnfnx?nfO{ ;fy lbg]
ls hgtfnfO{< glb gfnf a]r]/
vfg]nfO{ lbg]< tLg k':tf;Dd zf;g
ug]{nfO{ ;fy lbg] ls hgtfnfO{<
rKkn klg nfpg gkfPsfnfO{ ;fy
lbg] ls e'F8L klg kN6fpg g;Sg]nfO{
;fy lbg]< Ps 5fs vfg gkfpg]
dhb'/nfO{ ;fy lbg] ls< k};fsf]
lx;fa ug{ g;Sg]nfO{ ;fy lbg]<
lab]lzg] gf}hjfgnfO{ ;fy lbg] ls
bnfnx?nfO{ ;fy lbg] k|x/L / ;]gfn]
klg ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5.
oxfF Pp6f rrf{ 5, laKnj
dfcf]jfbL o'4 ug{ nfUof] /]. xfdLn]
o'4 n8\g] s'/f u/]sf] xf]O{g. xfdLn]
d'lQmsf] s'/f u/]sf] xf]. :jflwgtfsf]
s'/f u/]sf] xf]. t/, GofonfO{ aGb'sn]
bjfpg vf]lhof] eg], d'lQmnfO{ aGb'sn]
bjfpg vf]lhof] eg], g]kfnL hgtfsf
efjgfnfO{ a'6n] bjfpg vf]lhof] eg],
ljb]zLsf] O;f/fdf g]kfnL hgtfdfly
a'6n] bjfpg vf]lhof] eg] xfdLn]
k| lt/f]w o'4 n8\ g] 5f}+ . hgtfsf]
lj?4df o' 4 n8\ g ] clwsf/
k| l tlqmofjfbLnfO{ 5 eg] ,
ljb]z Lx?nfO{ 5 eg] cGofok"0f{,
ljWj+;sf/L o'4sf lj?4df nfno'4
ug]{ clwsf/ hgtfnfO{ 5.
b] z eQmx?n] ca af] Ng' kb{ 5 ,
-afF s L % k] h df_

@)&# ;fn h]7 ( ut] cfOtaf/

xfdL===
xfdLn] lsg gn8\g] eg]/ ef/tLo
;'/IffsdL{x? Ps]$& ;lxt g]kfn
l5/]sf 5g\. s]kL cf]nLsf] ;/sf/n]
ef/t;Fu em's/] g]kfn l5/]sf ef/tLo
k|x/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{'sf] ;f6f] n'q'Ss
k/]/ lbNnLnfO{ a'emfpF5g\. b]zsf]
u[xdGqL zlQm axfb'/ a:g]t 5g\,
lxhf] ;Fu} lx8]sf], pxfFsf] kf/f b]v]/
l67 klg nfU5, xft hf]8]/ ef/tLo
k|x/L ef/tnfO{ a'emfpg]< of] h'g
kl/l:ylt ag] sf] 5, tkfO{ ;]g f
k| x /Lsf sd{ r f/L, b] z eQmx?n]
eGg' kb{ 5. ljb] zLx?n] lbgbxf8}
sf7df8f}d+ f cfP/ xfd|f] k|x/LnfO{ x]Kbf,
xfd|f] k|x/LnfO{ x]Kbf tkfO{x?nfO{ af]Ng}
glbg] of] ;Qf;Fu n8\g] ls gn8\g]<
xfd|f] ;z:q k|x /Lsf efOx?nfO{
af]8{/df uf]b\g] lj?4 xfdLn] n8\g]
ls gn8\g] < b]zeQm ;fyLx? tkfO{x?
hxfF eP klg ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5.
tkfO{x?;Fu xfd|f] ;xsfo{ ug]{ gLlt
5. pBf]uklt ;fyLx? tkfO{x?;Fu
;xsfo{ ug]{ xfd|f] rfxgf 5. of]
g]kfnnfO{ ;fFRr} s]xL u/]/ b]vfpg]
xfd|f] OR5f 5. clwsf/ ;DkGg
gful/s, clwsf/ ;DkGg ls;fgnfO{
;fFRr} gful/ssf] cge"lt u/fpg] p2]Zo

o'4df slxn] klg lhTg' ePsf] 5}g.

s]kL cf]nLsf] ;/sf/n] ugl;k NofpF5
/]. e"sDkdf hgtfn] af; / uf;
kfPsf 5} g g\ , clg Tof] Nofpg
nfluPsf] uglzk Nofpg]< ef/t;Fu
n8\g xf]< rfOgf;Fu n8\g xf]<
dfcf] jfbLnfO{ dgf]a}1flgs ?kdf
sdhf]/ agfpg] sfd eO/x]sf] 5.
uglzn NofOFb5
} , kVnf;\ eGof xf]nf,
ugl;k jf tf]kl;k xfdLnfO{ s]xL
dtnj 5}g. g]kfnL ;]gfn] a'g' kb{5,
cfsfz / hldgaf6 e'6\5f}+ eGg]
;f]r]sf xf}nf. s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g.
hgtf p7] eg] Oltxf; hgtfn] lgdf{0f
ug]{ xf] aGb'sn] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf]O{g.
k|ltlqmofjfbLx?sf] aGb'sn] Oltxf;
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sb}g.
xfdLn] tLg j6f s'/f cl3 ;f/]sf
5f} + . klxnf] e| i 6frf/Lx?nfO{
rf/}lt/af6 3]/f xfn]/ ltgsf lj?4df
;+ 3if{ 5]8 \g ' kb{ 5. xfdLnfO{ s]
ljZjf; 5}g eg] nf]sdfg l;+x sfsL{sf]
6+ufnl:yt sfof{noaf6 kmdf{g hf/L
u/]s} e/df e|i6frf/ lgd{"n x'g]jfnf
5}g. a? rf]/dflysf] r08fn x'gj] fnf
5. ;fgf e|i6frf/nfO{ b]vfP/ 7"nf
e|i6frf/L pDsg] vt/f oxfF 5. pxL
nf]s dfgn] e|i6frf/ ug]{ / pxL
nf]sdfgsf] laz]if cbfntn] km's'jf

/xg] pko'Qm sDkgL 5gf}6 u/L

lgdf{0f ug{'kb{5 xfdLn] eg]sf 5f}+.
ToxL s'/f c?0f # df klg nfu" x'G5.
c?0f # af6 lah'nL lgsfn]/ k6\gf
n}hfg kfOb}g. Tof] lah'nL oxL
pkef]u ug{kb{5. sf]zL xfO{8\ofd
klg ToxL xf]. kmf:6 6ofssf] laifodf
z]/ axfb'/ Pp6fn] nHhf:kb efif0f
u/]sf 5g\. sfFu|];nfO{ klg nfh
nfUg' kg]{ xf]. kmf:6 6ofsnfO{
ef/tnfO{ g} lbg'kb{5 eGg] cleJolQm
lbPsf 5g\. pgnfO{ b]v]/ nfU5,
kb kfPkl5 b]z} klg a]r]/ lx8\5g\.
kmf:6 6ofsdf Pp6f s'g} ljb]zL
sDkgLnf{O s/ ltg{sf] nflu kmf:6
6ofs lgdf{0f ug{ s'g} klg xfntdf
lbFb}gf}+. pko'Qm ljlw vf]Hg'kb{5.
c;dfg ;GwL ;Demf}tfx? vf/]h
ul/g'kb{5, Tof] dfq} xf]Og, g]kfn
ef/tsf] ;Ldfdf lgodg ug{'kb{5.
s]xL lbg cl3 dfq} klg /f}tx6df $
la3f hldg vfPsf] cj:yf 5.
afFs]sf] cj:yf To:t} 5.
;Ldfgfdf g] k fnsf k| x /L
;'/IffsdL{dfly ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf]
HofbtL cGTo ug{ klg Pp6f /fli6o
;Ldf ;' / Iff an agfP/ ToxfF
/flvg'kb{5. g]kfndf cfP/ ljb]zLn]
k};f lgsfn]/ efUg] cj:yfsf] cGTo

Pdfcf]jfbL;Fusf] Pstf blIf0fkGyL ca;/jfbsf] xfjfx'/L

sf7df8f}+ . g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] Pdfcf]jfbL / dfcf]jfbLx?aLr Pstf ePsf] xNnfnfO{ e|fds / 3ftssf] ;+1f lbPsf]
5. laxLaf/ lgjt{dfg PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIfsf] g]tT[ jdf Pdfcf]jfbL;lxt !) kf6L{aLr kf6L{
PstfkZrft gofF kf6L{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|_ sf] 3f]if0ff u/]nuQ} dfcf]jfbL zlQmn] o:tf] atfPsf] xf]. g]skf
dfcf]jfbL, g]skf -qmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbL_ / sDo'lgi6 Go'lSno; g]kfnn] laxLaf/ Ps ;+o'Qm lj1lKt hf/L ub}{ k'/fg}
Pdfcf]jfbLsf] g]t[Tjdf s]xL cj;/jfbL 36sx?n] kf6L{ Pstfsf] xf]xNnf rnfP/ hgtfnfO{ e|ddf kfg{ vf]lhPsf]
atfPsf] xf]. g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf dxf;lrj g]qljqmd rGb ljKnj, g]skfqmflGtsf/L dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf df]xg j}B
ls/0f / sDo'lgi6 Go"lSnc;sf ;+of]hs x]dGtk|sfz cf]nLf/f ;+oQ' m ?kdf x:tfIfl/t lj1lKtdf gj;+zf]wgjfbL
u7aGwgn] rnfPsf] e|ddf gkg{ hg;d"bfodf clkn ;d]t ul/Psf] 5. cj;/jfb / gj;+zf]wgjfbL 36sn] 5g{ z'?
u/]sf] e|d 3fts /x]sf] hgfOPsf] 5. pgLx?n] hf/L u/]sf] ;+oQ' m lj1lKt o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5

5. olta]nf g]kfnsf o'jfx?nfO{

cfw' l gs u' n fd agfOPsf] 5.
g]kfnLx?nfO{ clnslt k};fn] afFw/]
lab]z k'ofP/ u'nfd agfOPsf] 5.
cfh ;fd|fHojfbn] hfltjfb /
wd{jfb x'n]/ g]kfnnfO{ tx; gx;
agfpg vf] lh/x] s f] 5. g] k fnL
hgtfsf] PstfnfO{ km'6fpg] k|of;
eO/x]sf] 5. /fhgLltdf dfcf]jfbL;Fu
k| l t:kwf{ ug{ g;s] k l5
;fd|fHojfbLx?n] wd{ x'n]sf 5g\.
wd{sf] gfddf hgtfnfO{ n8fpg],
le8fpg] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5. s;}n]
wd{df cf:yf /fV5, xfdLnfO{ eGg'
s]xL 5}g. of] eujfgn] efUo agfO{lbg]
eP, b'Mv ug]{ g]kfnLx?sf] efUo
;a}eGbf /fd|f] x'g] lyof]. eujfg,
cNnfx, O;fdl;x, /fd s[i0fx?n] x]g]{
ePsf] xfd|f] xfnt o:tf] x'g] lyPg.
k/Dk/fb]lv dfGb} cfPsf] wd{ dfGg';\,
xfd|f] ca/f]w x'b}g t/ wd{df n8\g'
x'Fb}g.
g]kfn k|x/L / g]kfnL ;]gfn] klg
;f]rf]:, tkfO{x?n] hgtf lj?4sf]

ug{ a] / 5} g oxfF . xfdLn]

e|i6frf/lj?4sf] ;+3if{df hf]8tf]8sf
;fy hgtfnfO{ ;fy lnP/ cl3
a9\g'kb{5. oxfF sfnf]ahf/L 5.
sfnf]ahf/Ldf 7"nf g]tfx?, dGqL,
t:s/ / sd{rf/Lx? ;d]t 5g\. 7"nf]
7"nf t:s/Ln] ;]l6 u/]/ /ftf/ft
s/f]8f}+, caf}{ sdfpg]x? ;lqmo 5g\.
ljBfyL{, dhb'/nfO{ s'g} ;'ljwf 5}g.
hghLljsfsf] af/] df ;+3if{ cl3
a9fpg h?/L 5.
csf]{ /fli6otfsf] af/]df klg
;+3if{ cl3 a9fpg' kg]{ cfjZostf
5. ck/ s0ff{nL, sf]zL pRr afFw,
c?0f t];|f], kmf:6 6ofs oL ;a}sf]
s'/f cfPsf] 5. ck/ s0ff{nLaf6
g]tfx?n] 3'; vfPsf 5g\, Tof] af/]df
s' g } g] t fx?, sfF u | ] ; , Pdfn] /
Pdfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx? af]Nb}gg\, d'vdf
k} ; fsf] a' e mf] nufP/ /fli6 o
:jflwgtfdfly 3ft u/]sf 5g\. ck/
s0ff{nLsf] sDkgLnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf
vf/]h u/]/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] kIfdf

ug{ h?/L 5. s}of}+ lab]zL bnfn

k'Flhkltx?n] g]kfnL hUuf g]kfnsf]
a}+sdf /fv]/ Ps ;ftfdf sfd kmQ]
u/]/ efu]sf] cj:yf 5. To;sf/0f
k'lF hsf] 7Ls 9+un] kl/rfng ug{ h?/L
5. xfdL of] k|ltlqmofjfbL ;QfnfO{
vf/]h ub}{ hgu0ftGq g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf]
lbzfdf cl3 a9\b5} f}+ . ;+;bLo ;QfnfO{
vf/]h gu/];Dd xfdLn] s'g} klg lbg
cf/fd ug]{ 5}gf}+ / hgjfbL ;Qf :yfkgf
u/]/} 5f]8g\ 5
] f}+ .
g]kfndf b'O{ j6f vt/faf6 xfdL
aRg'kb{5. Pp6f wfld{s o'4 n8fpg]

vt/f 5, csf]{ hflto o'4 n8fpg]

vt/f 5. ToxLleq ;fd|fHojfbLx?
3' : g] vt/f 5. Tof] a f6 xfd| f
hgtfnfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf kfg]{, xfd|f]
:jfledfg / :jflwgtfnfO{ lglnlbg]
Pp6f r'gf}lt xfd|f] cufl8 cfPsf]
5. To;sf/0f oxfF dw]zL, kxfl8
hghflt, If]qLafx'gsf] s'/f xf]Og,
pTkL8gdf k/]sf hgtfnfO{ d'Qm ug{']
d'Vo s'/f xf]. dw]zL, hghflt,
kxf8L, k"j{, klZrd, kxf8, t/fO{sf
xfdL ;a} Ps eP/ bnfn
k'Flhkltx?sf] ;QfnfO{ pN6fpg] xf]
/ g]kfndf hgtfsf] ;Qf :yfkgf ug]{
xf]. s'g} klg d"Nodf xfdLn] kxfl8of
;d'bfosf] lj?4df dw]zL jf dw]zLsf
lj?4df kxfl8of x'g lbg' x'bF g} . To;f]
ug{' klg x'Fb}g.
dw]z sf hgtfnfO{ d eG5' ,
tkfO{x? e|ddf gkg{' xf]nf. dw]z
kxf8 xf]O{g, ef/tn] dw]znfO{ ;fy
lbG5 eGg] hf] e|d 5, Tof] s]jn
lbjf e|d xf]. s]xL klg xf]Og Tof].
lbNnLsf] gLlt eg]sf] sf7df8f}+nfO{
lgoGq0f ug]{ gLlt xf]. lbNnLsf] gLlt
eg]sf] l5d]sLx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{,
vfg] gLlt xf] . tkfO{ x ?n]
dw]zLx?nfO{ lbNnLn] dfof u5{ ls
eGg] 7fGg' eof] eg] Tof] k'/} unt
b[li6sf]0f xf]. lbNnLn] dfof ug]{ eg]sf]
bnfn, ;fdGt / k'lhkltx?nfO{ xf].
clg p;sf] ;fd" nDk;f/ kg] {
gf] s /rfs/x?nfO{ xf] . g] k fnL
hgtfnfO{ slxn] klg ub}{g. of] e|d
s;}n] gkfn] x'G5. ToxL laxf/df
ofbj, t]nL, dxtf] clg kf;jfgx?
5g\. s] lbNnLn] laxf/sf hgtfnfO{
:jtGqtf lbPsf] 5< ToxfF s f
ls;fgx?n] rnfPsf] cfGbf]ngdf,
dfcf]jfbLn] rnfPsf] cfGbf]ngdf
lbNnLn] lbgx'F ofjbx?nfO{ dfl//x]sf]
5. lbglbg] kf;jfg, dxtf] x ?
dfl/x]sf 5g\. otfklsf ofbjx?nfO{
lbNnLn] dfof ug] { / ptfsf
ofbjx?nfO{ dfg]{ x'g;Sb}g. ToxfF
Pp6f b[li6sf]0f 5, g]kfnsf] s'g} ofbj
dfcf] j fbL eof] , eg] lbNnLn]
kxfl8ofnfO{ xf]Og, ;a}eGbf klxnf
Tof] ofjbnfO{ dfg]{jfnf 5. of] s'/f
tkfO{ x ? ;a} n] a' g h?/L 5.
kf;jfg, dxtf]x? g]kfnsf dfcf]jfbL
eP eg] oxfFsf kxfl8ofx?nfO{ Rofk]/
ofbj, kf;jfg / dxtf]nfO{ dfg{
cfb]z lbg]jfnf 5. To;}n] xfdLn]
s] e|d kfNg' x' Fb}g eg] ef/tn]
dw] z LnfO{ ;+ / If0f ug{ /
kxfl8ofx?nfO{ ub}g{ of] x'Fb} xf]Og.
Ps l:dw]z Ps k|b] z eg] /
ha/h:t nfb\g vf]Hg] lbNnL< c?
s'/f 5f]8f}+ g]kfnL efifLx?n] dfu
u/] s f] uf] v f{ Nof08, Pp6f ;fgf]
uf] v f{ N of08 /fHo rflxof] eg]
bfh{lnsf g]kfnL efifLx?n] cfGbf]ng
ug{ yfn]sf] slt aif{ eof]< bzsf}+
lalt;Sof]. lbNnLn] g]kfnL efifLdfly
bdg u5{ . clg To;n] lbG5
dw] z nfO{ d' lQm< cfg} b] z sf
gful/sdfly bdg ug]{ ef/tn], clxn]
bfh{ ln h] ; ' s } ePklg ef/ts}
cGtu{t /x]klg bfh{lndfly bdg
ug] { lbNnLn] g] k fnsf dw] z L
bfh'efOx?nfO{ clwsf/ lbG5 eGg]
e|d kfn]sf] xf] eg] Tof] ;Dej 5}g.
xfdL oxL b'O{ j6f s'/faf6 d'n'snfO{
arfpg' kb{ 5 . If] l qotf /
hfltotfaf6 d' n ' s nfO{ arfpg
;Sg'kb{5.

-g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf dxf;lrj

g]qlaqmd rGbn] z'qmaf/ /fhwfgLsf]
v'nfd~rdf cfof]lht hg;efdf
lbPsf] dGtJosf] ;Dkflbt c+z_

5f]/f;/x 5f]/LnfO{
klg :s'n k9\g
k7fcf}+ .

xfO{ lxN; gnufpFbf hflu/ r6\

sf7df8f}F. a]nfotsf] kL8An';L kmfOgfG; sDkgLdf l/;]Kzlg:6df
sfo{/t lgsf]nf yfk{sf] xfO lxN; h'Qf gnufPs} sf/0f hflu/ vf]l;Psf]
5. @& jifL{of lgsf]nf ;f] kmfOgfG; sDkgLdf sfd ug{ n08g cfPsL
lyOg\. xfO lxN; h'Qf gnufPs} sf/0f hflu/ vf]l;Pkl5 lgsf]nfn] la|l6z
kfln{ofd]G6 lkl6zg ;d]t bfo/
u/fPsL 5g\. h;df & ;o
a9Ln] x:tfIf/;d] t u/] s f
5g\.sDkgLn] eg] o; ljifodf
cfp6;f] l ;{ kmd{ ; F u s' / f
eO/x] s f] hgfPsf] 5.
lgsf] n fnfO{ { @ b] l v $
OGr;Ddsf] xfOlxN; nufpg
elgPsf] lyof], h'g pgn] OGsf/
ul/g\. To;kl5 sDkgLn] pgnfO{{
lagf kfl/>lds 3/ lkmtf{
k7fPsf] lyof]. lgsf]nfn] elgg\d}n] xfO lxN; nufP/ lbge/ sfd ug{
c:jLsf/ u/]sL lyPF, d}n] :df6{ z}n z'h nufpg ldNg] gldNg] ljifodf
;f]w]sL klg lyPF. To;sf] hjfkm klg lbOPg. pgn] gf} 306f;Dd xfO
lxN; nufP/ sfd ug{ sl7g /x]sfn] cfk"mn] c:jLsf/ u/]sf] atfPsL
5g\.
lgsf]nf o;cl3 of] ljifodf af]Ng 8/fO/x]sL lyOg\. kl5 pgnfO{{
nfUof] ls of] 7"nf] d'2f xf] To;}n] pgn] cfjfh p7fOg\. pgn] gofF sfg'gsf
nflu ;+;bdf lkl6zg bfo/ u/]sL 5g\. tfls dlxnfx?dfly sfo{:yndf
xfO lxN; nufpg bafj lbg aGb xf];\. of] lkl6zgsf] ;kf]6{df & ;o
a9Ln] x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf 5g\. s'g} ljifodf g]zgn l8a]6sf nflu
lkl6zgdf bz xhf/ hgfsf] x:tfIf/ cfjZos kb{5.
Ps cWoog cg';f/ xfO{ lxN;nfO{{ d;N; km+Szlg / An8 nf]sf
lx;fjn] klg ;xL dflgPsf] 5}g. o'lgel;{6L ckm cnafdfsf] cWoogcg';f/
@))@ b]lv @)!@ sf] lardf cd]l/sfdf ! nfv @# xhf/ #%% OGh/L
ePsf] lyof]. sfg'g cg';f/ sDkgLsf] 8]; sf]8 kmnf] gu/]sf] v08df
sd{rf/L x6fpg kfpg] sfg'gL Joj:yf 5. oBlk sDkgLn] of] Joj:yf
kmnf] u/fpg kof{Kt ;do lbg'kg]{5. sDkgLx?n] dlxnf / k'?ifsf nflu
cnu cnu 8]; sf]8 agfpg ;S5g\. Ph]G;L

C0f ltg{ g;s]kl5 ===

sf7df8f}F. ef/tsf] laxf/df cgf}7f] tyf eofgs 36gf ePsf] 5. of]

b'lgofFdf o:tf dflg; klg x'Fbf /x]5g\ h;n] ;fx';Fuaf6 lnPsf] C0fsf]
abnf ;fx'nfO{{ g} cfgL >LdtL tyf aRrfaRrL ;'lDkFbf /x]5g\. laxf/sf]
gfnGbf lhNnfsf] gf/hk'/ ufpFsf Ps o'jsn] ufpFs} Ps ;fx';Fu lnPsf]
C0f ltg{ g;s]kl5 cfgL >LdtL g} ;fx';uF cGdfOlbPsf 5g\. >LdtL;Fu}
aRrf klg ;fx'nfO{{ pkxf/ lbPsf 5g\ pgn]. ;dfrf/ cg';f/ lxdf+;'k;
| fb
;'dg gfdsf tL o'jsn] kmf]6f] :6'l8of] vf]Ngsf nflu ufpFs} ;fx' ;fjg
s'df/;Fu rf/ nfv ef=?= C0f lnPsf /x]5g\. C0f lnPkl5 ;'dgn]
Pshgf s]6L;Fu k|]d
u/] / kl5 lax] klg
u/] . nesf] rSs/
tyf lax]kl5 pgn] h'g
sfdsf nflu C0f
lnPsf] xf] Tof] sfd
ug{'eGbf P]z cf/fddf
k} ; f p8fP. h;sf
sf/0f pgn] C0fsf] Aofh klg ltg{ ;s]gg\ / C0f a9\b} uof]. ha ;fx'
;fjgs'df/n] cfgf] k};f ltg{sf nflu lxdf+;'nfO{{ cfu|x u/] ta pgn]
cgf}7f] k|:tfj /fv]. lxdf+;'n] cfk"mn] k};f ltg{ g;Sg] a? k};fsf] abnfdf
>LdtL / aRrf lbg] k|:tfj /fv]. cgf}7f] t s] eof] eg] ;fjgs'df/n] klg
C0fLsL >LdtL / aRrf a]xf]g{ dGh'/L hgfP.
b'a}sf] ;xdltd} lxdf+;'n] cfgL >LdtLsf] lax] ;fx' ;fjgs'df/;Fu
u/fOlbP / >LdtL;Fu} aRrfnfO{{ klg ljbf u/]. of] 36gfn] ufpFdf ;g;gL
dRrfPsf] 5. o;/L ;DaGw ljR5]b gul/sg} cfgL >LdtL cs}{nfO{{
;'lDkg] lxdf+;' sfg"gsf] kmGbfdf kg{;Sg] atfOPsf] 5 t/ of] af/]df ufpFsf
sf]xL klg dflg; af]Ng grfxg] x'gfn] k'ln;n] klg s]xL ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g.

:j:y kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;

:jtGq / xsclwsf/sf]
hu]gf{, /fli6o ;j{dfGo k|rng
/ dfGotfnfO{ ;dfof]hg ub}{
cufl8 a9\g' cfhsf] ckl/xfo{
cfjZostf xf].

g]k fn ;/sf/

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno

;"rgf ljefu