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TestingandCommissioning:HIGHIMPEDENCEBUSBARPROTECTION

TestingandCommissioning
Sunday,September30,2012

HIGHIMPEDENCEBUSBARPROTECTION
HighImpedanceBusbarProtection
Twotypeofrelays
1.VoltageOperated
2.CurrentOperated
BasiccircuitofHighImpedanceBusbarProtection
CURRENTOPERATED

VOLTAGEOPERATED

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Stabilizingvoltage
ThevoltagedevelopedacrosstheCTsecondaryduringmaximumfault
condition.
VsIf*(Rct+(2*RL))
IFMaximumfaultcurrent
RctCTsecondaryResistance
RLLeadresistanceofcable
Themaximumfaultcurrent(IF)
Themaximumfaultcurrent(IF)orMaximumshortcircuitcurrentisthe
basevaluefordesignthesubstationsystem.TheEquipmentspecifications
andrelaysettingsarecalculatedbasedontheMaximumfaultcurrent
valueofthesystem.
TheMaximumfaultcurrentisspecifiedinthestandardforeachsystem
voltage
ForExample:InSECstandardTESP119.02CLAUSE8.2.4
SYSTEMVOLTAGESHORTCIRCUITCURRENT
380kV63kA
230kV63kA
115kV40kA
34.5kV25kA
13.8kV21kA
Consider380kVsystem
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IF60kA
IfMaximumfaultcurrentinCTsecondary=21AforCT3000/1Tap
selection
RctCTsecondaryResistance
RctcangetfromtheCTspecification
Consider3000/1TapusedforBusbarprotectionandRct=4.65ohms
RLLeadresistanceofcable
Example:
6SqmmcableRL=0.00308ohm/meterat20decC
RLat75decC=RL(1+20(T2T1))
Considerlength=500m
RLat75decC=1.88ohms

Stabilizingvoltage
VsIF*(Rct+(2*RL))
Vs=21X(4.65+(2X1.88))
=177volts
Consider20%Margin

=177x1.2=211.932volts
HenceselectVs=275volts
ThereforeinmaximumfaultcurrentthevoltagedevelopedacrosstheCT
secondaryattherelayendis275V.

VOLTAGEOPERATERELAY(MFACAREVA)
Calculatevoltageactuallyneedtooperatetherelayortotalvoltagedropin
thesecondarycircuitduringtheMaximumfaultcondition
Is=Totalsecondarycurrentdrop
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Is=CTMagnetizingcurrent+CTsupervisionrelaycoilcurrent(MVTP)
+Protectionrelaycoil
currentforsetvalue(MFCASETTINGRANGE25325V)+Metrosil
leakagecurrent
=Im+Imvtp+Ir+Imetrosil
Consider8CTsareconnectedparallel
=(0.005x8)+0.003+0.03+0.018
Is=0.091A
Thisisthesecondarycurrentdropduringthefaultcondition.Inother
wordsthisisthecurrentenoughtooperatetheprotectionrelay.
ConvertthiscurrenttoPrimaryvaluein3000/1ratioCT
Ip=Isx3000=273Amps
Voltagefor63000Ais275V
Voltagefor273Ais?
63000/273=275/Vsec
Vsec=1.2voltsThisvoltageisenoughtooperatetherelay.
ThisvoltageandcurrentistoosmallcomparedtoMaximumfaultcurrent
andcorrespondingvoltage.
Thissecondaryoperatingcurrentcanachieveevenleakageorthrough
fault.
Sowehavetodecidethefaultcurrentatwhichtherelayshouldoperate
ShuntResistor
SayTheprimaryfaultcurrent742Aatwhichtherelayshouldoperate.
Thisiscalledbiasvalueanduptothisvaluerelayshouldnotoperate.
ToachievethisconditionaddsomeresistanceandincreasetheIs
secondaryleakagecurrentvalue.
ThisExternalresistorshouldperllalyconnectwithRelay.
Ip=(Is+(Vs/Rsh))x3000
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742=(Is+275/Rsh)x3000
Rsh=1759.7ohms
Soselectthe2700ohmsVariableresisterandadjustthevalue.
Adjusttheresistancevalueaccordingtoourprimaryoperatingfault
currentrequirement.
ExampleManifaFinalrelaysettingforMFACrelay
Vs=175V
Ir=0.20A
Rsr=850Omhs
ThereforeIp=(Is+Vs/Rsh)x3000
Ip=(((0.005x8)+0.003+0.03+0.018)+(175/850))x3000)
=888Ampsshouldbedevelopinprimaryand0.266Ampsshouldbe
flowthroughtheSecondarycircuittooperatetherelaywiththissetting.
CURRENTOPERATERELAY(MCAGAREVA)
AllothercalculationsaresameexceptStabilisingResistor
RelaysettingVoltageVs=275Volts
RelaysettingcurrentIr=0.2Amps
Relayburdenat275Vsettingisconsideras1VA
StabilisingresistorrequiredRsr=(Vs/Ir)(RelayburdenIr^2)
Rsr=1350Omhs
Selecttheresistorrange01500Ohms
CTSUPERVISIONRELAY
ThisrelayparallelyconnectedwithMainprotectionrelay

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Consider'R'phasewireopeninCT2.
TheCT1loadcurrentwillstarttoflowthroughbothrelays.
Thisisnotafaultcurrentbutitcausesunnecessarytrip.Toavoidthistrip
CTsupervisionrelayisused.
Thevoltagesettingofthisrelayisverylowwithtimedelay.
SothisrelaywilloperatedforleakagecurrentanditscontactshorttheCT.
MainrelaysettingisGraterthenthisvalueandinstantaneous.Sofor
heavyinternalbusbarfaultMainprotectionwilloperateimmediately.
FinalrelaysettingVs=14vTime=3sec
Open'R'phaseCTwillsavebymetrosilmountedneartheCTmarshaling
box.
METROSIL
Thisisnonlinerresistor
DuringHeavyfaultconditionProtectionrelaywillimmediatelyclearthe
fault.Iffaultnotclearandsecondaryfaultvoltagewilldamagetherelay.
ThiskindofsituationMetrosilwillshorttheCTsecondarycircuitand
savetherelaycoil.
Sometimescircuitisopenduetorelaycoildamage.Inthissituationif
faultoccurheavyvoltagewilldevelopandCTgetdamage.Toavoidthis
metosilwillshortthecircuitandsavetheCT.
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Metrosilshouldwithstandtheforvoltagedevelopduetomaximumshout
circuitstabilityvoltageVs.
BusbarStabilityTest
1.CurrentoperatedRelay
1.CalculatethePrimaryoperatingcurrentforrelaysettingvaluecurrent
Ex:Relaysetting20%
CTratio=3000/1
20%ofsecondarycurrent0.2Amps
PrimaryCurrent600Amps
2.ShorttheStabilisingresistorwithsmallshortingwire
3.DrownouttheCTsupervisionRelaytoreducetheloadforPrimary
injectionkit.
4.DrownouttheMainprotectionrelayandcircuitwillshortinsideand
getclosedpath.
5.Openthemetrosilonesidewire(Don'tshorttheMetrosil)
5.Slowlyinjecttheprimarycurrentandreach0.2Amplssecondary
6.NowinsettheProtectionrelayletitoperateandmeasurethecurrent.
7.PrimarycurrentvaluewillifMetrosil,Resistor,CTsupervisionrelay
areincludeinthecircuit.
2.VoltageoperatedRelay
1.CalculatethePrimaryoperatingcurrentforrelaysettingvaluevoltage
Ex:Relaysetting175vRsh=1500Ohms
CTratio=3000/1
Ip=(Is+Vs/Rsh)x3000=(0.091+0.1166)x3000=623Amps

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Secondarycurrent0.2Amps
3.DrownouttheCTsupervisionRelaytoreducetheloadforPrimary
injectionkit.
4.DrownouttheMainprotectionrelayandcircuitwillshortinsideand
getclosedpath.
5.Openthemetrosilonesidewire(Don'tshorttheMetrosil)
5.Slowlyinjecttheprimarycurrentandreach0.2Amplssecondary
6.NowinsettheProtectionrelayletitoperateandmeasuretheVoltage.

Don'tinjectthecurrentcontinuouslytotherelay.Becauserelay
willgetdamage.

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