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TABLE OF CONTENT
In a site test, the UE under one cell can make a call in the areas opposite to the
antenna, but it is difficult to access or even unable to access the eNodeB in the
areas that other cells can also cover. The RSRP and CINR meet the access
requirements.
Analysis:
1. After the other two cells of the eNodeB are disabled, the UE can access the
eNodeB if the signals meet the access requirements.
2. After all three cells are enabled, access is difficult or unable in the overlapped
coverage areas of the three cells. The UE sends the RRC Connection Request
message, but the system does not respond.
3. Signaling on the eNodeB side shows the system receives the message and
responds, but the response is not received by the UE.
4. Check results of the access parameter configuration show the parameter
Logical root sequence start number used to generate prach preamble of the three
cells is set to 0, and the parameter NCS used to generate prach preamble is set
to 11. This means the access preambles of the three cells sent to the UE are the
same. When the UE is in the overlapped coverage area, the three cells receive the
message from the UE and returns the MSG4 message at the same time. The UE
receive two MSG4 messages and cannot demodulate them, so the access attempt
fails.
Solution:
Reset the PRACH parameters, including Logical root sequence start
number used to generate prach preamble, and NCS used to generate
prach preamble. After the resetting, the UE can access the system in
any coverage area of the eNodeB so long as the signals are of good
quality.
Summary:
Prior to the kickoff of a project, it is required to plan access-related
parameters in addition to PCI and neighbor cells.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
NAS and AS
Connection Release
UE
EUTRAN
RRCConnectionRelease
3. Other Causes
Problem Symptoms
Optimization Solutions
Troubleshoot the hardware faults from the baseband, RF, and antenna
system, VSWR alarms.
Increase the RS power of the serving cell.
Increase the power of the serving sector.
Adjust the antenna tilt of the serving sector.
Adjust the antenna azimuth of the serving sector.
Add some sites plus adjusting the antenna tilt and azimuth of the
surrounding base stations.
Poor Coverage
Problem Symptoms
Before a call drop problem occurs, the UE has ever sent the
measurement report and received the
RRCConnectionReconfiguration message from the eNodeB.
Check whether there is any of the following symptoms when a call drop
problem occurs:
Before a call drop problem occurs, the UE has ever sent the
measurementReport message.
The UE can receive the rrcConnectionReconfiguration message that
contains the MobilityControlInfo field from the eNodeB.
When handover to the target cell that is carried by the
rrcConnectionReconfiguration message, the UE can receive the
systemInformationBlockType1 message through the BCCH-SCH.
When receiving the systemInformationBlockType1 message, the UE sends
the rrcConnectionReestablishmentRequest Cause=handoverFailure
message.
Usually, the UE can successfully reestablish the connection within 200 ms, and
handover back to the source cell.
Optimization Solutions
Check whether the neighboring cells are properly configured by comparing the
Neighbor Cell worksheet of the source cell to the Serving Cell worksheet of the
target cell.
Check whether the software versions of both source and target cells are correct.
A handover failure occurs because the handover success rate is too low in this cell.
A handover failure occurs because a new site is deployed in the surrounding area.
A handover failure occurs because the UE is located at the edges of different MMEs.
A handover failure occurs because the UE is located at the borders of base stations in
different frequencies.
Problem Symptoms
Before a call drop problem occurs, the RSRP of the serving cell is continually
decreased.
The system (neighboring cell) message sent by the serving cell does not contain
the target neighboring cell of the measurementReport message sent by the UE.
After sending the measurementReport message, the UE does not receive the
rrcConnectionReconfigurationRequest message with a handover instruction
from the eNodeB.
Optimization Solutions
Problem Symptoms
Optimization Solutions
The general principle is: on the condition that the coverage area
is provided with stable and proper signals, try as best as
possible to control the signals of the overshooting area.
Problem Symptoms
Equipment Faults
Handover abnormalities
A call drop problem occurs and can reoccur when a
service is processed at a fixed time or place.
A call drop problem occurs and can reoccur in one or
more specific sectors of the eNodeB.
A call drop problem occurs and can reoccur in an interMME, inter-TA, or any other special area.
Step 2. Analyze the data before and after the call drop problem
occurs.
Radio environment (GE): poor coverage, fast fading,
shadowing
Coverage of the serving cell (RSRP and SINR)
Neighboring cell configuration and handover statistics
Signaling flow abnormalities
Step 3. Eliminate the causes one by one and sum up some helpful
principles
Whole or part of a site?
S1 or X2 interface?
Affected by any critical operations?
Optimization Solution
Step 1. Collect the drive test data and dynamically observe the RSSI
data in the OMC when a call drop problem occurs.
Step 2. Analyze the data features when a call drop problem occurs:
Check whether the RSSI of the BTS is too high (such as -85 dBm or
higher). If yes, you can infer that uplink interference is present.
Check whether the transmit power of the UE is greater than 20 dBm
within a few minutes prior to the call drop occurrence. At this time, the
UE is not located in any weakly covered area. In this case, you can infer
that uplink interference is present.
Check whether the RSRP is -90 dBm or better but the CINR is smaller
than 0 dB in the serving cell (even including neighbor cells) that is being
tested. If yes, you can infer that downlink interference is present.
Optimization Solution
Confirm that downlink interference does not come from any internal
system (This requires eliminating the overshooting coverage and
unconfigured neighbor cell problems).
If downlink interference comes from an external system, you need to
use a spectrum scanner such as YBT250 plus Yagi antenna to
pinpoint the interference source.
Problem Symptoms
The cell starts to reject the UEs during the admission control
procedure.
The call setup success rate and the call drop rate are
becoming worse.
Optimization Solutions
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TABLE OF CONTENT
According to the priorities of neighbor cells and the serving cell, the
cell reselection takes place in three situations (see next page):
The cell with lower
priority frequency
Serving
Cell
The priority of the neighbor cell is higher than that of the serving cell.
The priority of the neighbor cell is lower than that of the serving cell.
If the above two situations are not satisfied, the cell is reselected when the
quality of the serving cell is lower than Threshserving, low, and the
measurement quality SnonServingCell,x of a neighbor cell with lower
priority is higher than Threshx, low.
The priority of the neighbor cell is equal to that of the serving cell.
All cells (including the serving cell) are put in a queue. If a cell ranks
highest in the queue and lasts longer than the time set in Treselection, the
cell is selected. The R-criterion is shown below:
Rs = Qmeas,s + QHyst
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset
Rs is the quality score of serving cell (ranking criterion for serving cell);
and Rn is the quality score of the neighbor cell.
Qmeas,s and Qmeas,n are the RSRP values of the serving cell and the
neighbor cell respectively.
Q_Hyst is the parameter to control the hysteresis of the serving cell in the
sequence.
Q_offset defines the offset for a neighbor cell. For the intra-frequency
cells, it is the cell-based offset value. For the inter-frequency cells with the
same priority, it includes two parts: the cell-based offset value and the
frequency-based offset value.
The UE can try other cell of the same frequency, unless the cell indicates
that the UE can not select any intra-frequency cell in a period of time.
If the UE evaluates the best target cell and finds that it is not
suitable due to some reasons.
For examples, the tracking area prohibits roaming, or the cell is not a cell
in the registered PLMN.
In a period of time (which would not be longer than 300s) that follows, the
UE will not take any cell in this frequency as the target cell for cell
reselection.
In the period of t-Evaluation, if the count of cell reselections is larger than nCellChangeHigh, the UE determines it is in a high speed mobility state.
In the period of t-HystNormal (t-HystNormal must be larger than tEvaluation), the UE will return to the normal mobility state if it does not
detect any condition that meets the medium speed mobility state or high
speed mobility state.
In the high speed mobility state and medium speed mobility state, the
UE needs to obtain and uses the sf-Medium and sf-High configured in tReselectionEUTRA-SF and q-HystSF from SIB3. Of which, sf-Medium
is the factor used for medium speed mobility state, and sf-High is the
factor used for high speed mobility state.
Multiply the corresponding factors of Treselection and t-ReselectionEUTRASF, and use it as the new timer for cell reselection.
For the CSG cells and Hybrid cells, the UE should obtain the
CSG IDs from the system information. If the CSG ID is stored on
the CSG whitelist of the UE, the UE should put the cell in the
candidate list and conduct measurement and sequencing
Each UE belongs to an access class (AC) in the range 0 - 9.
Some UEs belongs to one or more high-priority ACs in the range 11-15,
which are reserved for specific uses. AC10 is used for emergency access.
The UE considers access to be barred if access is barred for all its
applicable ACs.
Late Measurement
Ping-Pong Reselection
If the above method does not work, you can decrease the value of
Threshserving, low for the serving cell.
For the same operator, the priority settings for UTRAN and EUTRAN in the UMTS and LTE networks should be the same. The
cell reselection parameter configurations on the two sides must
match each other so as to prevent the ping-pong handover.
Call Congestion
Case Study 1
Improper measurement control threshold setting leading to access
failure
Fault Description
During a commissioning test, we found that the UE failed to originate
calls in a cell, but it could originate calls in a neighbor cell with better
quality soon (hundreds of milliseconds).
Case Study 1
Fault Analysis
We checked the UE log and found that the radio environment of the cell
that the UE accesses for the first time was poor (PCI=307, RSRP=109dBm, CINR=-5dB). There was a neighbor cell with good signal
quality (PCI=397, RSRP=-87dBm), but the UE did not select it. The
situation was that the UE failed to access the cell with PCI=307, but it
soon successfully accessed the cell with PCI=397. We checked the
SIB3 messages from the network, and found s-IntraSearch=7 in the
intraFreqCellReselectionInfo section. According the calculation formula,
the serving cell originate intra-frequency measurement when the RSRP
value is smaller than -130+14=-116dBm. Then, it is too late.
Solution
In current network environment, the terminals
are data cards, which have no requirement on
power consumption. So, we can set the
parameter bySIntraSrchPre to false, ensuring
that the terminal conducts RSRP measurement
for intra-frequency neighbor cells all the time.
Case Study 2
Improper cell reselection parameter setting leading to call drops
Fault Description
During a preliminary acceptance test for PGP, the signal quality of the
serving cell worsened gradually in the process of UE access, leading to
RRC call drop. The cell reselection parameters were improperly
configured, and the UE originated calls on the cell with poor quality
signals, leading to RRC call drops.
Case Study 2
Fault Analysis
We checked the UE log and found that the radio environment of the cell
that the UE accesses was poor (RSRP=-92dBm, CINR=1dB). There
was a neighbor cell with good signal quality (PCI=251 RSRP=87.6dBm), but the UE did not select it. During the access process, the
UE could not be handed over to a better cell, the signal quality of the
serving cell became worse and worse, and at last the call dropped.
When the time requirement (1s, the minimum value) for intra-frequency
cell reselection is met, the cell reselection process can be initiated
according to the R-criterion. Furthermore, decreasing the value of
Qoffset or Qhyst can accelerate cell reselection.
Solution
Modify the cell reselection parameter Qhyst (3dB -> 1dB) to speed up
cell reselection so that the UE can select the cell with better quality.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Trans-Regional Coverage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
No dominant cell
Interference Analysis
1.
2.
Analysis of handover
2.
According to the SINR of the pilot overlay can draw the coverage of
each sector, the sector for more area coverage, consider
increasing the antenna down tilt, as required under the angle to
increase the amount of formula 1 can be used to refer to As RF
optimization of empirical strong, many people in this setting is also
under the angle and the surrounding environment.
For the more serious areas covered sectors, optimizing the
antenna set may be greater than under the dip calculated under
the formula of a much larger angle.
For the coverage is insufficient, or contaminated areas to be used
in the pilot frequency optimal use of the leading sectors do, as long
as more areas will not be the optimal coverage, the antenna is less
than under the dip can be calculated by the formula 1 under the
angle, Even less than calculated by the formula 2 under the angle.
PB
5/4
4/5
3/5
3/4
2/5
1/2
Type B
Type A
9.586
10.457
11.549
13.010
9.208
10.494
11.343
12.400
13.799
10.218
11.370
12.193
13.208
14.537
11.218
12.218
13.010
13.979
15.228
12.218
-1.77
13.638
14.363
15.234
16.325
13.988
-3
14.559
15.228
16.020
16.990
15.228
-4.77
15.739
16.319
16.989
17.781
16.988
-6
16.478
16.989
17.570
18.239
18.239
Average()
13.010
13.737
14.618
15.738
13.413
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TABLE OF CONTENT
A3
A3
a3-Offset
A3
TimeToTrigger (TTT)
A3
Hysteresis
Default value is 0
If ReportOnLeave is not enabled the recommended
value is 0
A3
ReportOnLeave
A3
Enumerated (-24,-22,-20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, -8, -6, -5, -4,
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24),
unit: dB
To quicken handover from the serving cell to one neighbor
cell or to lower the handover threshold, you can increase the
CIO of the neighbor cell by 1 to 3 dB.
A3
A3
T304
Case Study
Problem description
Case Study
Problem description
Case Study
Problem description
After receiving a
handover request from an
eNB, the MME processes
the request.
Case Study
Problem analysis
Case Study
Case Study
Problem solution
Parameter
Setting
before
after
Explanation
950 ms
Intra-frequency
Reporting Interval 1024 ms 480 ms
for Event
Intra-frequency
Amount
of 1
Reporting for Event
HO Prepare Timer
1s
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