3

The various stresses, which are generating during working and service
time, are tabulated below.
11. Loading on pressure vessel
Internal pressure
External pressure
Weight of vessel itself.
Static reaction form piping other vessels, attached equipment,
support such as lugs, saddles, rings, legs, skirts and internals.
Cyclic and dynamic reactions due to wind pressure, seismic
forces
Impact reactions such as those due to fluid shock.
Temperature gradients and differential thermal expansion

12. What is components of design pressure vessel?

The part which is common in any pressure vessel are described below
Shell
Head or cover
Nozzle
Reinforcement pad
Support
The above parts are common parts of the pressure vessel. The all
above parts of the vessel requires designing before fabrication.
Some useful formula and calculation described in next topic.
13. Design of shell
Shell is a major components of vessel. Shells are made form sheet or
plate. Seamless or welded pipe may be also used.
There is two types of shell
1. Cylindrical shell
2. Spherical shell
Generally a cylindrical shell is mostly used for construction of pressure
vessel.

14. Stresses in cylindrical shell

Uniform internal or external pressure includes in the longitudinal
seam a unit stress two times larger then in the circumferential seam because
of the geometry of the cylinder.
15. Design of shell under internal presser
Thickness of cylindrical shell in terms of inside dimension or
longitudinal joints
(code reference ASME sec. Viii div.1 UG 27 )
When thickness dose not exceed one half or the inside radius, p
dose not exceed 0.385 se the following formula shall apply.
Pr
T=

+c.a.
Se-0.6p

16.design of various type of dish end.

Pressure vessel requires closer at ends. Which is attained by using
various dish ends. There are various aspects for selection of type head like
volume inside head & space available above vessel at site. The various types
of dished ends widely used are describe bellow.
Torispherical head
As shown, this type of head consists of profile generated by two
different circles having crown radius & knuckle radius. Generally these
types of heads are used for low thick vessel.
The required thickness of a tori spherical head for the case in which the
knuckle radios is 6% of the inside crown radius, shall be determined by
0.885 pl
T=

+ c.a.

Se-0.1 p
T = minimum required thickness of head after forming, inch
P = internal design pressure Psi