Name: Diana Montanez

Period 6
Go to http://interactivephysiology.com. Log in: laci70701. Password: honeyka7071. Go to
Muscular System and start with the Sliding Filament Theory.
The Muscular System: Sliding Filament Theory
1.

a. The thick filament is composed of what molecule?

myosin

b.

Flexing the head of this molecule provides what is known as the

powerstroke

2.
The cross bridge (myosin head) contains binding sites for what two
molecules?
a. ATP
b. actin
3.

Three molecules make up the thin filament.

a. Which molecule has a binding site for myosin cross bridges?
actin
b. Which molecule covers this binding site?
tropgomyosin
c. Which molecule has a binding site for calcium ions?
troponin

4.

What molecule must bind to the cross bridge in order for it to disconnect with
actin? ATP

5.

Hydrolysis of the molecule in question 4 returns the myosin molecule to the

High Energy

confirmation.

6.

Binding of the cross bridges sequentially prevents back sliding of the thin
filament.

7.

Name three roles for ATP in the contraction of muscle.

a. Energizes the power stroke
b. Disconnects the myosin cross bridge
c. Actually transport the calcium to SR

8.

What molecule is connected to the Z line? Actin

9.

Which of the following shorten during contraction? (may be more than one)

a. Thin filament
b. Sarcomere
c. H zone
d. Thick filament
10.

a. What is the name of the condition in which muscles become rigid after
death? Rigor Mortis

b. What is this condition due to?

chemical changes in the muscles after death, causing the limbs of the corpse to stiffen
Go to: The Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism
1.

List the three roles of ATP in muscle contraction:

1. energize the power stroke of the myosin cross bridge
2. Disconnecting the myosin head from the binding site on Actin at the conclusion of a power

stroke
3. Energizing the calcium ion pump
2.

The potential energy in ATP is released when the terminal high-energy bond is broken by a
process called

Hydrolysis

Write the end products of this process: ATP (+ H2O) ADP

3.

Rebuilding ADP into ATP with a new source of energy is carried out by a process called
Dehydration synthesis
Write the equation for this process: ADP ATP (+ H2O)

4.

List the three processes used to synthesize additional ATP when ATP supplies are low:
1. Hydrolysis of creatine phosphate
2. Glycolysis

3. The Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

5.

An immediate source of energy is Creatine Phosphate (CP), but the supplies are limited and
rapidly depleted.
One molecule of CP produces 1 ATP.

6.

Glucose is a major source of energy for synthesizing ATP. List the two sources of glucose:
1. blood
2. hydrolysis of glycogen stores in muscle

7.

Glycolisys is the process that breaks down glucose.

Name two products of the breakdown of glucose:
1. 2 ATP
2. 2 pyruvic acid molecules
If oxygen is not available, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid, which is the end product of
anaerobic respiration.

8.

If oxygen is available, the process is known as aerobic respiration.

Name two sources of oxygen:
1. blood
2. stored in myoglobin
The aerobic pathway consists of glycolysis + Kerbs cycle + oxidative phosphorlation. The net
result of one glucose molecule is 36 ATP.

9.

The process of restoring the depleted energy reserves after exercise is called oxygen debt
Name four processes that occur during this time:
1. lactic acid converted back to pyruvate acid which enters the Krebs cycle
2. ATP used to rephosphorylate creatine into creatine phosphate
3. glycogen is synthesized from glucose molecules
4. additional oxygen re-binds to myoglobin

10.

Put the following characteristics under the correct fiber type in the table on the next page
- Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

- uses glycolysis

- fatigue rapidly

- high endurance

- few capillaries

- many capillaries

- much myoglobin

- little myoglobin

- long-distance runner

- sprinter

- light in colorlarge diameter

- red in colorsmall diameter

Red Slow-Twitch Fibers

White Fast-Twitch Fibers

red in color - small diameter

uses glcoylsis

many capillaries

few capillaries

much myoglobin

little myoglobin

krebs cycle and oxidative

fatigure rapidly

phosphorylation
high endurance
long distance runner

sprinter