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AmericanCivilWar
vs.
RevolutionaryWar
TheFirstWorldWar(WWI)wasfoughtfrom1914to1918andtheSecond
WorldWar(orWWII)wasfoughtfrom1939to1945.Theywerethelargest
militaryconictsinhumanhistory.Bothwarsinvolvedmilitaryalliances
betweendierentgroupsofcountries.
WorldWarI(a.k.atheFirstWorldWar,theGreatWar,theWarToEndAll
Wars)wascenteredonEurope.Theworldwarringnationsweredividedinto
twogroupsnamelyTheCentralPowersandTheAlliedPowers.Thecentral
powersgroupconsistedofGermany,AustriaHungary,TurkeyandBulgaria.
TheAlliedpowersgroupconsistedofFrance,Britain,Russia,Italy,Japan,and
(from1917)theU.S.
WorldWarII(a.k.atheSecondWorldWar),theopposingalliancesarenow
referredtoasTheAxisandTheAllies.TheAxisgroupconsistedof
Germany,Italy,andJapan.TheAlliesgroupconsistedofFrance,Britain,the
U.S.,theSovietUnion,andChina.WorldWarIIwasespeciallyheinousbecause
ofthegenocideofJewishpeopleperpetratedbytheNazis.
Comparison chart
World War I
Periodand 1914to1918;4years
duration
Triggersand AssassinationofArchduke
causes FrancisFerdinandofAustriain
June1914.Militarism,
Imperialism,nationalismand
alliancesystem.
Conictbetween TheCentralPowers(Germany,
AustriaHungary,andTurkey)
andtheAlliedPowers(France,
Britain,Russia,Italy,Japan,and
(from1917)theU.S.)
Casualties Estimatedtobe10million
militarydead,7millioncivilian
deaths,21millionwounded,and
7.7millionmissingor
imprisoned.
World War II
1939to1945;6Years
Politicalandeconomicinstability
inGermany.Theharsh
conditionsoftheTreatyof
VersaillesRiseofpowerofAdolf
HitlerandhisalliancewithItaly
andJapantoopposetheSoviet
Union
TheAxisPowers(Germany,Italy,
andJapan)andtheAlliedPowers
(France,Britain,theU.S.,the
SovietUnion,andChina)
Over60millionpeoplediedin
WorldWarII.Estimateddeaths
rangefrom5080million.38to55
millioncivilianswerekilled,
including13to20millionfrom
warrelateddiseaseandfamine.
GermanNaziscommi ed
genocideagainstJewsand
Romanis.
Nuclearpowerandmissileswere
used,modernconceptsofcovert
andspecialoperations.
Submarinesandtankswerealso
moreheavilyused.Encryption
codesforsecretcommunication
becamemorecomplex.Germany
usedtheBlikriegghting
method.
GO
Outcomes TheGerman,Russian,Austro
HungarianandO omanempires
weredefeated.AustroHungarian
andO omanempiresceasedto
exist.TheLeagueofNationswas
formedinthehopeofpreventing
anothersuchconict.
Postwarpolitics Resentmentwiththeonerous
termsoftheTreatyofVersailles
fueledtheriseofAdolfHitlers
partyinGermany.Sosome
historiansbelievethatinaway,
WorldWarIledtoWorldWarII.
Thewarendedwiththetotal
victoryoftheAlliesover
GermanyandJapanin1945.The
SovietUnionandtheUnited
Statesemergedasrival
superpowers.TheUnited
Nationswasestablishedtofoster
internationalcooperationand
preventconicts.
TherewasaColdWarbetween
theUnitedStatesandRussiaafter
theendoftheSecondWorldWar
untilthecollapseoftheUSSR
(19471991).Thewarsin
Afghanistan,VietnamandKorea
were,inasense,proxywars
betweenthetwonations.
Natureofwar Warbetweencountriesfor
acquiringcoloniesorterritoryor
resources.
Warofideologies,suchas
FascismandCommunism.
Abbreviation WWIorWW1
WWIIorWW2
Alsoknownas TheGreatWar,TheWorldWar,
TheKaisersWar,TheWarofthe
Nations,TheWarinEurope,or
TheEuropeanWar,WorldWar
one,FirstWorldWar,Thewarto
endallwars
American WoodrowWilson
presidentduring
thewar
SecondWorldWar,WorldWar
Two,TheGreatPatrioticWar
FDR,HarryTruman
3Warstrategies
4Outcomes
4.1WorldWarI
4.2WorldWarII
5References
2.2WorldWarII
Sequence of events
World War I
ThesequenceofeventsforWorldWarIbeganin1914withAustriaHungarydeclaring
waronSerbiaon28July1914inabidtoreassertitsauthorityasaBalkanpower.With
warbreakingoutbetweenAustriaHungaryononesideandSerbiaontheother,
Europequicklyfellbacktothealliancesnationshadformed.AustriaHungaryand
Germanywereallies.SerbiawasalliedwithRussia;aswasFrance.RussiaaidedSerbia
anda ackedAustria.SoAustriaHungarywasghtingintwofrontswithSerbiaand
withRussiaandconsequentlylostonbothfronts.InabidtoaidAustriaHungary
againstRussia,andfearingana ackfromFrance,Germanymobilizeditsarmyand
a ackedFrance.
1915
TheFrench,redeployingroundParis,togetherwiththeBritish,checkedthenow
extendedGermanarmiesontheMarne.InMarchandApril1915Britishseaand
extendedGermanarmiesontheMarne.InMarchandApril1915Britishseaand
landforcesa ackedtheDardanelles.TheTurkscounteredboththreats,causing
theBritishtoevacuatetheGallipolipeninsulaattheendof1915.
AjointAustroGermanoensiveatGorliceTarnow(2May1915)unlocked
RussianPolandandthetsarssha eredarmiesfellback
In1915theAlliesagreedthatsimultaneousa acksonallfrontswerethewayto
drainthereservesoftheCentralPowers
1916
On21February1916Germansa ackedtheVerdunsalient;howeverthisa ack
wasstalledinJune.AustriansindependentoensiveagainsttheItaliansinthe
Trentinoalsostalled.
1917
GermanynallyadoptedunrestrictedsubmarinewarfareinFebruary1917,and
indoingsodroveAmericaintothewar.
1918
TheGermansextendedtheirfrontwhilereducingtheirstrengthbyalmosta
millionmen.Simultaneouslytheycontinuedtoadvanceintheeast,competing
withtheirAustrianalliesintheUkraineandtheTurksintheCaucasus.*The
Frenchcountera ackedinJulyandtheBritishinAugust.Togetherwiththe
Americans,theydrovetheGermansbackinaseriesofindividuallylimitedbut
collectivelyinterlockingoensives.
On15thSeptembertheAngloFrenchforcesatSalonikaa ackedinMacedonia,
forcingtheBulgarstoseekanarmisticebytheendofthemonth.
ThewholeoftheCentralPowersItalianfrontcrumbledaftertheAustriandefeat
onthePiaveinJune.
TheGermanhighcommandinitiatedtherequestforanArmisticeon4October.
AfterthewarGermanyclaimedthatthearmywasstabbedinthebackby
revolutionathome.ThepeopleofGermanyandAustriaHungarywereba ered
byfoodshortagesandination.
On11NovemberanarmisticewithGermanywassignedinarailroadcarriageat
Compigne.At11a.m.on11November1918aceaserecameintoeect.
1919Aformalstateofwarbetweenthetwosidespersistedforanothersevenmonths,
untilsigningoftheTreatyofVersailleswithGermanyon28June1919
World War II
Thewarthatbrokeoutin1939wasawarfortheEuropeanbalanceofpower.The
immediatecauseoftheconictwastheGermandemandforthereturnofDanzigand
partofthePolishcorridorgrantedtoPolandfromGermanterritoryintheVersailles
Treatyof1919.PolandrefusedtoagreetoGermandemands,andon1September1939
overwhelmingGermanforceslaunchedthePolishcampaignanddefeatedherinthree
weeks.RussiaalsoinvadedeasternPoland.Polandthusgotdividedintotwoparts.In
March1939BritainandFrancehadguaranteedPolishsovereignty,andinhonorofthat
pledgerstdemandedthatGermanforceswithdraw,andthenon3September
declaredwaronGermany.Americawascommi edbytheNeutralityActsof1935and
1937ofnoninterventioninoverseasconicts.
ThisvideopresentsaconcisehistoryoftheeventsofWorldWarII:
1940
GermanarmiesinvadedBelgium,Luxembourg,andnorthernFranceandwithin
sixweeksdefeatedwesternforces.
BritainwasabletoresistGermanaira acksintheba leofBritaininAugustand
September1940,andsurvivedaGermanbombingoensive(theBli)inthe
winterof19401,butitwasnotpossibleforBritaintodefeatGermanyunaided.
On10June1940MussolinisItalydeclaredwaronBritainandFrance.
InDecember1940Hitlerturneda entionawayfromBritainandapproved
BARBAROSSA,thelargescaleinvasionoftheUSSR.
AmericastartedgivingincreasingeconomicassistancetoBritainandChina
followingPresidentRooseveltspledgetoactasthearsenalofdemocracy.
1941
BARBAROSSAwaslaunchedon22June1941whenthreemillionGerman,
Finnish,Romanian,andHungariansoldiersa ackedthewholelengthofthe
Sovietwesternfrontier.SovietUnionwassha ered.
InNorthAfrica,CommonwealthforcesstationedinEgyptdroveItalianarmies
backacrossLibyabyFebruary1941
InAbyssiniaandSomalilandItalianforceswereforcedtosurrenderbyMay1941.
ItalyscompletedefeatinAfricawasavoidedonlybyHitlersdecisiontosend
GermanreinforcementsunderRommel,andtheweaklogisticalpositionof
Commonwealthforces.
TheUSnavybecamecloselyinvolvedintheba leoftheAtlanticineortsto
breaktheGermansubmarineblockadeofshippingdestinedforBritain.InMarch
1941CongressapprovedtheLendLeaseBillwhichallowedalmostunlimited
materialaid,includingweapons,foranystateghtingaggression.Intheautumn
of1941thiscametoincludetheUSSR,despitestrongAmericananticommunism.
Throughout1940and1941theUSAtightenedaneconomicblockadeofJapan
whichthreatenedtocutomostJapaneseoilsupplies.
AmericanactionsprovokedbothJapaneseandGermanretaliation.On7
December1941Japanesenavalaircrafta ackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearl
Harbor,followedbytherapidconquestofwesterncoloniesinsoutheastAsiaand
thesouthernPacic.
On11DecemberGermanydeclaredwarontheUSA.
1942
RussiamadearemarkablerecoveryandinNovemberGermanyandherallies
a ackingStalingrad(nowVolgograd)werecutobyamassiveSoviet
encirclement,URANUS.
InNovember1942atAlameinapredominantlyItalianforcewasdefeatedby
Montgomery.
TheUSAfoughtalargelynavalandairwarbetween1942and1945,usingitsvery
greatnavalpowertodeploytroopsinmajoramphibiousoperations,rstinthe
SolomonIslandstohalttheJapanesePacicadvance,theninTORCH,acombined
AmericanBritishlandinginMoroccoandAlgeriainNovember1942.
AmontageofWorldWarIIphotos
1943
TheentryoftheUSAsignaledachangeinthepoliticalbalanceofthewarofgreat
signicance.GermanforcesinStalingradsurrenderedinJanuary1943andbyMay1943
ItalianandGermanforcesnallysurrenderedinTunisia,enablingtheAlliestomount
theinvasionofSicilyandthenItaly.ItalysuedforanarmisticeinSeptember1943.
1944
Americaneconomicmightandpoliticalinterestshelpedtobindtogetherthedierent
frontsofconict,whileAmericasworldwidesystemofsupplyandlogisticsprovided
thesinewsofwarnecessarytocompletethedefeatoftheaggressorstates.Amajor
intelligencedeceptionoperationanddecliningairpowerweakenedtheGerman
responseandbySeptember1944GermanforceshadbeendrivenfromFrance.
1945
Germansurrenderedon7May1945followingHitlerssuicideon30April.
AlongrangebombingcampaigndestroyedtheJapanesecitiesandmostofthe
Japanesenavyandmerchantmarine.Americasnewestweapon,theatomic
bombsweredroppedonHiroshimaandNagasakiinAugust1945.
SovietforcesdestroyedtheJapanesearmyinManchuria;Japannallycapitulated
on2September.
War strategies
Manyoftheweaponsthatdominatemilitaryoperationstodayweredevelopedduring
WorldWarI,includingthemachinegun,thetankandspecializedcombataircraft.This
isagreatvideothatexplainsthemilitarystrategiesandtacticsusedduringWorldWar
I.
Outcomes
World War I
Afterthewar,theParisPeaceConferenceimposedaseriesofpeacetreatiesonthe
CentralPowers.The1919TreatyofVersaillesociallyendedthewar.Building
onWilsons14thpoint,theTreatyofVersaillesalsobroughtintobeingtheLeague
ofNationson28June1919.Insigningthetreaty,Germanyacknowledged
responsibilityforthewar,agreeingtopayenormouswarreparationsandaward
territorytothevictors.Itcausedalotofbi erness.
AustriaHungarywaspartitionedintoseveralsuccessorstates.
TheRussianEmpirelostmuchofitswesternfrontierasthenewlyindependent
nationsofEstonia,Finland,Latvia,Lithuania,andPolandwerecarvedfromit.
World War II
ThewarendedwiththetotalvictoryoftheAlliesoverGermanyandJapanin
1945.TheUnitedNationswasestablishedtofosterinternationalcooperationand
preventfutureconicts.
TheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatesemergedasrivalsuperpowers.
AlthoughthetotalitarianregimesinGermany,Italy,andJapanweredefeated,the
warleftmanyunresolvedpolitical,social,andeconomicproblemsinitswakeand
broughttheWesterndemocraciesintodirectconfrontationwiththeirerstwhile
ally,theSovietUnionunderJosefStalin,therebyinitiatingaperiodofnearlyhalf
acenturyofskirmishingandnervouswatchfulnessastwoblocs,eacharmedwith
nuclearweapons,facedeachotherprobingforanysignofweakness.
nuclearweapons,facedeachotherprobingforanysignofweakness.
TheEuropeaneconomyhadcollapsedwith70%oftheindustrialinfrastructure
destroyed.
Arapidperiodofdecolonizationalsotookplacewithintheholdingsofthe
variousEuropeancolonialpowers.Theseprimarilyoccurredduetoshiftsin
ideology,theeconomicexhaustionfromthewarandincreaseddemandby
indigenouspeopleforselfdetermination.
References
Wikipedia:WorldWarII
Wikipedia:WorldWarI
Wikipedia:WorldWarIcasualties
Wikipedia:WorldWarIIcasualties
WorldWarIEncyclopdiaBritannica
WhataresomeinterestingfactsabouttheSecondWorldWar?Quora
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Sortby Newest
Addacomment...
Thisisactuallyreallyhelpfulifyourlearningabouttheww1and
ww2itmakesthingsaloteasier.Thxs
2...119
GordKKWeston
WhynomentionofCanada?Canadiansdeclaredwarbeforeon
GermanybeforetheUSandwereanintegralpartofddayand
werefearedtremendouslyascanadianbearsbythegermans.
LikeReply
GenocidebyGermany,wascarriedoutonmorethanthoselisted.
204...1
2Sep9,20152:22pm
StephanieParkerWieskampIndependentConsultantatRodan
andFields
No,justtoendthewarfaster.
LikeReply
October7,2013,8:12pm
April18,2013,4:07pm
thishelpedalot
1Sep3,20153:32pm
150...200
SonerUrarDerepazar
Soamericasnukingoverjapanwithatomicbombsdoesn'tcountas
agenocide?
April7,2014,1:27pm
LikeReply
Sohelpfulgoodforanerdlikeme.
2Jun30,201511:16pm
182...155
BillyMagdalinSIAST
WherethehellisCanada?
LikeReply
3Dec23,20144:13pm
RiasatAhsanMcGillUniversity
Loltheyarealwayspartofthealliedforces
LikeReplyJan5,201511:00pm
EthanHymas
August27,2013,12:51pm
Veryhelpful
109...169
RightabovetheUSbelieveitornot
LikeReply
5Apr23,20156:33pm
SelimOzanYurtseverProjeMhendisiatzmirgazDoalgaz
DatmA..
genolie?
LikeReplyDec17,20145:42am
September13,2012,2:37pm
thisisawesome
152...49
RafaelKarapetyanKing'sCollegeLondon
YouoccasionallyreferinyourarticletoRussia,whenitshouldbe
SovietUnion(USSR),itisnotthesame.
LikeReply
1Oct22,20147:44am
RobertoBeltranBossatWoodworkingIsMyPassion
Thismaybeofsomeusetosomeofmyfriends.JermaineBurns
takeapeekatthis.
LikeReplyOct20,20149:49pm
MuhammadNugrahaUniversitasKristenIndonesia.(UKI)
thankyoufortheinformations,Icanmakemyhomeworkeasily.
LikeReply
2Sep1,201412:09am
TobiasMhandoKenyaschoolofmonetarystudies
Ilikereadinghistory.HonestlyHistoryshapesusandallowsusto
knowwhycountriesrelatethewaytheydotoday.Thisarticlehas
enabledmetorealizemoreabouttheconnectionsoftheWW1and
theWW2.,Thecausesandtheoutcomes.Thewarstomy
understandingandbelievewerenecessary,forifitwerenotforthe
same,boundariesforvariousterritoriesmaynothavebeen
established.ThroughthearticleamabletounderstandAmericas
involvementintheWW1andWW2,andwhereatsomepoint
Americatooktheisolationistpolicytillsomepoint.
AmgratefultotheAuthors,Irelatealotofthistothemycountry(
kenya)historytosomeextent.Regards,Tobias.
LikeReply
1Aug9,201410:42am
OlegFrolov
PaulCumminsunusualinstallationinmemoryofthosekilledin
WorldWarIhttp://allfreefoto.ru/5766paulcummins.html.
LikeReplyAug7,201412:40pm
RileySmithWawotaParklandSchool
screwCanada?eh?
LikeReplyJun23,201411:35pm
MarcCastellSVP,RealEstateFinanceGroupatManagement
AdvisorsExecutiveSRCH
Verywellwritten.Makesyouappreciateourfreedom.Youstillask
yourself,"Whydidsomanyhavetodie?"Freedomshouldneverbe
takenforgranted.
LikeReply
1Jun6,20146:32pm
AriadnaCruzFacultaddeLenguasUaemex
itreallyhelpedme.
LikeReply
1May28,201410:53pm
AnujHoskoti
sohelpfullgoodforanerdlikeme
LikeReply
1Jan31,20142:39am
NishadHegdeDesai
yougonemaddude???
LikeReplyJan31,20148:41am
SergioPacoriWorksatProvinciadiGorizia
Iamsculptor.IusepiecesofbombsoftheFfirstWar
LikeReplyDec19,201312:26pm
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