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BRITISH STANDARD
Structural use of
steelwork in building
Part 1: Code of practice for design
Rolled and welded sections
ICS 91.080.10
12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS 5950-1:2000
Incorporating
Corrigenda Nos. 1
and 2 and Amendment
No. 1
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BS 5950-1:2000
Date
Comments
13199
May 2001
17137
31 August 2007
See foreword
C2
31 March 2008
Corrigendum No. 1
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This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.
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!NOTE 1 The imposed loads are the imposed floor loads and the imposed roof loads.
NOTE 2 The crane loads are the self-weight of the crane, the lifted load and the allowances for dynamic effects."
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e) be taken to contribute to the net reactions !of the structure as a whole on its" foundations.
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is the notional horizontal deflection of the top of the storey relative to the bottom of the storey,
due to !horizontal forces equal to 0.5 % of the factored vertical dead, imposed and crane loads
applied to the frame at each storey level".
!2.4.2.7.1 General"
should be classed as sway-sensitive !and the secondary forces and moments should be allowed for.
NOTE Either elastic or plastic analysis may be used."
!2.4.2.7.2 Elastic analysis
Provided that 2cr is not less than 4.0, the secondary forces and moments should be allowed for by using one
of the following methods:
a) Effective length method: This method applies to cases where the resistance to horizontal forces is
provided by moment-resisting joints or cantilever columns. Sway mode in-plane effective lengths should
be used for the columns, see 4.7.3 for simple structures or E.2 for continuous structures. The beams
should be designed to remain elastic under the factored loads.
b) Amplified sway method: The sway effects (see 2.4.2.8) should be multiplied by the amplification factor
kamp determined from the following:
1) for clad structures, provided that the stiffening effect of masonry infill wall panels or diaphragms of
profiled steel sheeting (see 2.4.2.5) is not explicitly taken into account:
k amp
cr
- but k amp 1.0
= ---------------------------1.15 1.5
cr
2) for unclad frames, or for clad structures in which the stiffening effect of masonry infill wall panels
or diaphragms of profiled steel sheeting (see 2.4.2.5) is explicitly taken into account:
k amp
cr
= ------------- cr 1
c) Analytical method. A rigorous form of second order elastic analysis should be used.
If 2cr is less than 4.0, method c) should always be used.
2.4.2.7.3 Plastic analysis
If plastic analysis is used, reference should be made to 5.5 for portal frames or 5.7 for multi-storey frames.
The secondary forces and moments should be allowed for by using second order elasticplastic analysis.
Simple plastic theory should not be used for second order analysis."
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355-----------Y nom
1.4
355
------------Y nom
1.4
!T27J is the test temperature or equivalent test temperature (in C) for a minimum
Charpy impact value Cv of 27 J as specified in the relevant product standard,
see Table 7;"
!NOTE 4 Where abrupt changes in cross-sections coincide with the detail, (other than those covered by descriptions above), e.g.
service openings, notched cut-outs, etc., the general stress levels should take into account the additional stress concentration effect.
NOTE 5 The stress considered is the stress excluding residual stresses and stresses from structural integrity checks to 2.4.5."
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!
Product standard, steel grade and quality
BS EN 10025-2:
S 275 JR
S 275 J0
S 275 J2
S 355 JR
S 355 J0
S 355 J2
S 355 K2
S 450 J0
BS EN 10025-3:
S 275 N
S 275 NL
S 355 N
S 355 NL
S 460 N
S 460 NL
BS EN 10025-4:
S 275 M
S 275 ML
S 355 M
S 355 ML
S 460 M
S 460 ML
BS EN 10025-5:
S 355 J0W or S 355 J0WP
S 355 J2W or S 355 J2WP
S 355 K2W
BS EN 10025-6:
S 460 Q
S 460 QL
S 460 QL1
a
Internal
External
5 C
15 C
Lower temperatures
25 C
35 C
45 C
36
65
94
25
46
66
79
33
20
54
78
14
38
55
66
27
36
65
25
46
55
18
20
54
14
38
46
10
36
25
38
113
162
79
114
55
79
94
135
66
95
46
66
78
113
55
79
38
55
65
94
46
66
32
46
54
78
38
55
26
38
113
162
79
114
55
79
94
135
66
95
46
66
78
113
55
79
38
55
65
94
46
66
32
46
54
78
38
55
26
38
46
66
79
38
55
66
25
46
55
14
38
46
25
38
46
66
95
38
55
79
32
46
66
26
38
55
18
32
46
The values in this table do not apply if the thickness of the part exceeds the relevant limiting thickness for validity of
the standard Charpy impact value for that product form, see Table 6.
The inclusion of a thickness in this table does not necessarily imply that steel of that thickness can be supplied to that
grade in all product forms.
"
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!
Product standard, steel grade and quality
BS EN 10210:
S 275 J0H
S 275 J2H
S 275 NH
S 275 NLH
S 355 J0H
S 355 J2H
S 355 K2H or S 355 NH
S 355 NLH
S 460 NH
S 460 NLH
BS EN 10219:
S 275 J0H
S 275 J2H
S 275 MH or S 275 NH
S 275 MLH or S 275 NLH
S 355 J0H
S 355 J2H
S 355 K2H or S 355 MH or S 355 NH
S 355 MLH or S 355 NLH
S 460 MH or S 460 NH
S 460 MLH or S 460 NLH
BS 7668:
S 345 J0WH or S 345 J0WPH
S 345 GWH
Internal
External
5 C
15 C
Lower temperatures
25 C
35 C
45 C
65
94
113
162
46
66
79
114
55
79
54
78
94
135
38
55
66
95
46
66
36
65
78
113
25
46
55
79
38
55
20
54
65
94
14
38
46
66
32
46
36
54
78
25
38
55
26
38
65
94
113
162
46
66
79
114
55
79
54
78
94
135
38
55
66
95
46
66
36
65
78
113
25
46
55
79
38
55
20
54
65
94
14
38
46
66
32
46
36
54
78
25
38
55
26
38
48
62
40
52
26
43
15
36
20
"
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!
Product standard
BS EN 10025-2
Steel grade
S 275 or S 355
BS EN 10025-5
S 450
S 275 or S 355
S 460
S 275, S 355 or
S 460
All
BS EN 10025-6
BS EN 10210-1
S 460
All
BS EN 10219-1
BS 7668
All
All
BS EN 10025-3
BS EN 10025-4
Steel quality
Sections
Plates and
flats
Hollow
sections
JR or J0
100
250
J2
100
400
K2
100
150
J0
All
All
All
100
250
200
150
250
200
120
J0WP or J2WP
J0W, J2W or
K2W
All
J0, J2 or K2
NH or NLH
All
J0WPH
J0WH or GWH
40
150
12
150
150
120
65
40
12
40
Maximum thickness at which the full Charpy impact value specified in the product standard applies.
JR
J0
J2
K2
M
ML
N
NL
Q
QL
QL1
G
a
Product standard
BS EN 10025
BS EN 10210-1
BS EN 10219-1
BS 7668
+20 C
0 C
20 C
30 C a
30 C a
50 C
30 C a
50 C
20 C a
40 C a
60 C a
+20 C
0 C
20 C
30 C a
50 C
+20 C
0 C
20 C
30 C a
30 C a
50 C
30 C a
50 C
0 C
15 C
"
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!Where regulations require that certain buildings should be constructed so that in event of an accident
the building will not suffer collapse to an extent disproportionate to the cause, steel framed buildings
designed as recommended in this standard (including the recommendations of 2.1.1.1) may be assumed to
meet this requirement provided that:
a) buildings of Class 1 and Class 2A are designed to conform to 2.4.5.2;
b) buildings of Class 2B are designed to conform to 2.4.5.2 and 2.4.5.3;
c) buildings of Class 3 are designed to conform to 2.4.5.2 and 2.4.5.3 in addition to resisting the design
conditions that can reasonably be foreseen as possible during the life of the buildings, identified by a
systematic risk analysis of normal and abnormal hazards such that any collapse is not disproportionate
to the cause.
where
Class 1
includes houses not exceeding 4 storeys; agricultural buildings; buildings into which people
rarely go, provided no part of the building is closer to another building, or area where people do
go, than a distance of 1.5 times the building height.
Class 2A includes 5 storey single occupancy houses; hotels not exceeding 4 storeys; flats, apartments
and other residential buildings not exceeding 4 storeys; offices not exceeding 4 storeys;
industrial buildings not exceeding 3 storeys; retailing premises not exceeding 3 storeys of less
than 2 000 m2 floor area in each storey; single storey educational buildings; all buildings not
exceeding 2 storeys to which members of the public are admitted and which contain floor areas
not exceeding 2 000 m2 floor area at each storey.
Class 2B includes hotels, flats, apartments and other residential buildings greater than 4 storeys but not
exceeding 15 storeys; educational buildings greater than 1 storey but not exceeding 15 storeys;
retailing premises greater than 3 storeys but not exceeding 15 storeys; hospitals not
exceeding 3 storeys; offices greater than 4 storeys but not exceeding 15 storeys; all buildings to
which members of the public are admitted which contain floor areas exceeding 2 000 m2 but less
than 5 000 m2 at each storey; car parking not exceeding 6 storeys.
Class 3
includes all buildings defined above as Class 2A and 2B that exceed the limits on area or number
of storeys; grandstands accommodating more than 5 000 spectators; buildings containing
hazardous substances or processes.
NOTE For steel beams supported by other materials, reference should be made to BS 5628 for masonry, BS 5268 for timber,
BS 8110 for concrete and BS 5950-5 for cold-formed steel."
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!Where precast concrete or other heavy floor or roof units are used, the bearing details should conform
to BS 8110."
Column ties
Edge ties
Re-entrant corner
Tie anchoring
re-entrant corner
Edge ties
A
Tie anchoring
column A
Edge ties
22
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for internal ties: !0.5(1.4gk + 1.6qk)stLn" but not less than 75 kN;
for edge ties: !0.25(1.4gk + 1.6qk)stLn" but not less than 75 kN.
!n
Number of storeys:
Value of factor, n:
5 or more
4
3
2
1
1.0
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
"
This may be assumed to be satisfied if, in the absence of other loading, the member and its end
connections are capable of resisting a tensile force equal to its end reaction under factored loads
!multiplied by n", or the larger end reaction !multiplied by n" if they are unequal, but not less
than 75 kN.
resisting a tensile force equal to the largest !total factored vertical dead and imposed load" applied
to the column at a single floor level located between that column splice and the next column splice
down.
e) Heavy floor units. Where precast concrete or other heavy floor !, stair" or roof units are used they
should be effectively anchored in the direction of their span, either to each other over a support, or
directly to their supports as recommended in BS 8110.
time, of each column !and each beam supporting one or more columns". If condition d) is not met, a
check should be made in each storey in turn to ensure that disproportionate collapse would not be
precipitated by the notional removal, one at a time, of each element of the systems providing resistance to
horizontal forces.
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Tie anchoring
column A
24
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blank
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Back mark
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30
B
s1
s2
C
g1
b
g2
s1
Direction of
direct stress
g1
s2
Back mark
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b1
d
t
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b
= =
b2
T2
B
b
T1
T
d
D
D
t
= =
t
t
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32
b
t
b
t
d
b
d
b
b
T
b
b
t
d
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a rolled !or welded" I- or H-section should take account of the width-to-thickness ratios shown in
Figure 6 as follows:
b
T
bp
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tp
bo
tp
33
34
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Web
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Tension Compression
_
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!but Sy,eff
Tension Compression
f1
_
f2
+
f1
f2
Sy "
37
38
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15T 15T
20t
20t
13T 13T
13T 13T
20t
1.5t
20t
20t
15T 15T
20t 1.5t
2.5t
1.5t
20t
20t
17.5t
17.5t 2.5t
Class 1, 2 or 3 outstand
2.5t
20t
20T
17.5t
17.5t
2.5t
1.5t
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15T 15T
15T
15T
Compression
flange
Centroidal axis
of the gross
cross-section
13T
13T 13T
13T
Centroidal axis
of the effective
cross-section
Tension flange
1.5t
20t
20t
1.5t
2.5t
17.5t
17.5t
2.5t
Compression
flange
20T
20T
Centroidal axis
of the gross
cross-section
Centroidal axis
of the effective
cross-section
Tension
flange
40
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f cw
Compression flange
0.4 beff
Non-effective zone
Elastic neutral axis
of gross section
0.6 b
eff
t
f tw
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Tension flange
41
42
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BSI 2008
x
x
x
x
=
=
x
LLT
L LT
L LT
x
x
x
x
M
M
LLT
L
=
=
LT
x
x
LLT
LLT
=
=
x
LLT
55
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M1
56
M2
M3
M4
M5
Mmax
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M max
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DL
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DL
D
D
59
60
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pyf
pyf
pyw
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pyf
pyw
pyf
pyf
pyw
pyf
pyf
pyf
pyw
pyw
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Fv
a 4.2.5.1
Vb = Vw
b 4.4.4.2(b)
c H.3
d 4.4.5.2
0.5 Vw
c
b
Mf
Fv
Vb
a 4.2.5.1
b 4.4.4.2(b)
Vw
c H.3
e 4.4.5.3
0.5 Vw
c
0
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b
Mf
67
68
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69
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70
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72
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!but Fq
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0"
73
74
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BSI 2008
b1
T
t
b1
s
b1
b1
r
T
s
t
Dc
75
76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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82
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B
B
B
U
U
U
U
U
B
B
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84
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85
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86
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87
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88
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89
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90
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91
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92
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93
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94
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BSI 2008
95
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96
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b
v
b
v
y
x
a v
a v
b b
b b
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BSI 2008
97
x x
x x
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98
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99
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100
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101
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102
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103
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!m
104
"
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106
=
L
M
x
x
X
M
L
L
X
M
L
M1
M1
M2
M2
Mmax
Mmax
M3
M3
M4
M4
M5
M5
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107
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108
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2c + T
2c + t
110
2c + t
Effective portion
Stiffener
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112
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114
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1.08 D
60
116
D
1.5 D
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!NOTE Where it is required to use nominally pinned bases in second order plastic analysis, a base moment capacity should
be assumed such that the maximum moment that the base can attract is very small. Otherwise the base should be treated as
nominally rigid, see 5.1.3.2b)."
118
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120
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Ds
Dh
Lh
122
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Lr
sa
124
Wr
hr
h
L
Wo
hr
h1
h2
L
sb
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126
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*
*
*
*
X
* *
* *
<_ Ls
*
*
* X
*
* *
<_ L
*
_
* *<L
s
*
*
X
*
*
* * * <_ L
s
* *
<_ Ls
Key:
Restraint
*X Restraint
or virtual restraint
!NOTE Recommendations for the necessary stiffness of the moment-resisting joints are given in 6.1.5."
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Provided that 2cr !is not less than" 4.0 !the secondary forces and moments due to" sway should be
allowed for by using one of the following methods.
a) Effective length method: In this method, sway mode in-plane effective lengths, see !E.2" should be
used for the columns. The beams shoule be designed to remain elastic under the factored loads.
In this method, non-sway mode in-plane effective lengths, see !E.2", should be used for the columns.
c) !Analytical method: A rigorous form of second order elastic analysis should be used."
!If 2cr is less than 4.0, method c) should always be used.
NOTE Recommendations for the necessary stiffness of the moment-resisting joints are given in 6.1.5."
frames
128
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0.95 cr
!---------------"
cr 1
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130
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132
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134
e
e
e
e
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Fr
136
Fr
Lt
Lv
Lv
Lv
Lt
Lt
Lv
Fr
Lt
Fr
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Lj
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137
138
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s <_ 0,55B
140
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2Ft
Ft
M1
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M1
2Ft
Ft
Ft + Q
Q
Ft + Q
M1
M1
M2
M2
141
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142
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D4
D3
D4
144
D2
D2
45
45
D1
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146
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BSI 2008
s
_ w
L >T
2s min.
Tw
Weld stopped
short
147
148
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be
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bp
be
tp
149
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150
s1
a
s
s
a
s2
s
s
a
s
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!Where the fillet welds are symmetrically disposed the total capacity of the two welds may be taken as
equal to the capacity of the parent metal provided that:
a) the weld is made with a matching or over-matching electrode from Table 37;
b) the sum of the throat sizes is not less than the connected plate thickness;
c) the connected elements are grade S 355 or lower."
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2FT
FL
FT
FL
Throat
of the weld
152
FT
FT
FT
FT
a
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s
2
s1
a
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153
154
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156
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158
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160
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162
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164
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166
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168
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170
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172
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174
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L2
Y
L
Alternative methods
of restraint
176
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L1
Y2
Y2
Crane column
L9
L
Y1
Crane column
Axis B - B = 0.85L
Axis Y1 - Y1 = L6, L7, L8 or L9
whichever is the greatest
L2
L3
L7
L
C.G.
Y1
A
L6
L5
178
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Roof column
L1
B1
B1
Crane column
L4
A
Y
L
Y
L3
L5
L2
Y
C.G.
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!NOTE Recommendations for the necessary stiffness of the moment-resisting joints are given in 6.1.5."
180
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0.9
Pinned
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
k1
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
5
0.7
0.6
0.5
25
0.5
0.6
0.3
75
0.5
0.2
0.5
25
0.1
0.5
0.0
Fixed
182
75
0.6
0.6
0.4
Fixed 0.0
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
k2
0.9
1.0
Pinned
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184
11
K
k
21
12
22
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!Text deleted"
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1.0
2.8
2.6
3.0
Pinned
2.4 2
2.
0.9
k1
2.0
1.9
0.8
1.8
1.7
0.7
1.6
1.5
0.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.4
1.1
1.0
0.2
Fixed
186
1.1
0.3
0.1
1.3
0.5
1.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
Fixed
75
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
k2
1.0
Pinned
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188
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190
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Intermediate restraints
F
*
*
M1
Haunched member
*
*
F
M2
*
*
F
M2
Axis of restraint
Reference axis
Non-restrained flange
M1
Tapered member
Axis of restraint
Reference axis
a
Reference
axis
Non-restrained flange
M1
Uniform member
Axis of restraint
Axis of restraint
Non-restrained flange
*
*
F
M2
Key :
Both flanges laterally restrained
x One flange laterally restrained
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Lh
Ly
Two-flange haunch
*
Lh
Ly
Three-flange haunch
Key:
Both flanges laterally restrained
192
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194
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x = Restraint
x
x
max
BSI 2008
x
Ly
min
x
x
Ds
D
h
Lh
Ly
x
x
Ds
Lh
x
x
Ly
Dh
195
196
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+
200
BSI 2008
+
100
100
200
197
198
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Applied moment
diagram
Applied moment
diagram
Conservative
moment gradient
Conservative
moment gradient
1
! n t = ------------------- { R + 3R 2 + 4R 3 + 3R 4 + R 5 + 2 ( R S R E ) }
12R max 1
0.5
"
y;
!Rmax is the maximum of the absolute values of R anywhere in the length Ly."
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RS
RE
R1
(R1 )
200
R2
(R2 )
R3
R4
R4
R5
RS = R E
(R3 )
R5
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!A web required to resist moment or axial force combined with shear should be checked using the
reduction factor @. If the web depth-to-thickness ratio d/t > 70 for a rolled section, or 62 for a welded
section, and if the simple shear buckling resistance Vw (see 4.4.5.2) is less than the shear capacity Pv
(see 4.2.3), @ should be taken as specified in H.3.2. Otherwise the reduction factor @ should be obtained
from 4.2.5.3."
202
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204
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Hq
Tension
field
206
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Hq
End post
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Hq
Hq
End post
End post
207
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Fe
Fs
Hq
Fe
ae
Fs
Hq
ae
Fs
Anchor
panel
ae
208
Hq
Fs
Hq
ae
End post
Fe
Fe
End post
Fe
Fs
Anchor
panel
ae
Hq
End post
Fe
Fs
Hq
Anchor
panel
ae
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BS 5950-1:2000
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