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1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 COIN INSERTION MOBILE CHARGER
This is the smart coin based mobile charging system that charges your mobile for particular amount
of time on inserting a coin. The system is to be used by shop owners, public places like railway
stations to provide mobile charging facility. So the system consists of a coin recognition module that
recognizes valid coin is found it signals the microcontroller for further action. if a valid coin is
found it signals the microcontroller and microcontroller then starts the mobile charging mechanism
providing a 5v supply through a power supply through a power supply section to the mobile phone,
now systems also needs to monitor the amount of charging to be provided .So the system can be
used for smart mobile charging at public places.
The objective of this project is inserting the coin using charge for your mobile phone in public
places. This project is very useful to people who are all using mobile phone without charging
condition in public places. In this project, who are all using mobile phones in outside of home are
office without charging condition. The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to that person
for using coin to charge for that mobile. A sensor system is used to detect the presence of coin. It
may be of different type (IR sensor, Using LDR etc...). The coin is inserted between the transmitted
and received signal.
When a signal came from sensor unit, the microcontroller activates the charger unit for a predefined
time. After that it will reset to normal case. Driver circuit is used for provide the sufficient input
voltage of relay. The relay will on to activate the 230v charger, we will use charger to charge for our
mobile phone.
The major action in this system is controlled by transmitter section; this section consists of IR
transmitter and IR receiver. Here we need to generate IR frequency continuously. So that by using a
small tiny microcontroller frequency is produced and is connected IR receiver continuously receives
the signals from the transmitter. Whenever the light path in between IR transmitter and IR receiver
cuts by an obstacle receiver signal gives low to high pulse. By
to the IR led to generate IR light rays of 38 KHz frequency.
Connecting the receiver output to the micro controller interrupt pin, it gives interrupt to the micro
controller immediately the system gives the buzzer and sends the message to the display on LCD
display to the micro controller.
CHAPTER 2
2.1 System module
The LCD screen is more energy efficient and can be disposed of more safely than a CRT. Its low
electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an
electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments filled with liquid
crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or
monochrome. Liquid crystals were first discovered in 1888. By 2008, annual sales of televisions
with LCD screens exceeded sales of CRT units worldwide, and the CRT became obsolete for most
purposes.
An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an active matrix display grid. The active matrix
LCD is also known as a thin film transistor (TFT) display. The passive matrix LCD has a grid of
conductors with pixels located at each intersection in the grid. A current is sent across two
conductors on the grid to control the light for any pixel. An active matrix has a transistor located at
each pixel intersection, requiring less current to control the luminance of a pixel. For this reason, the
current in an active matrix display can be switched on and off more frequently, improving the screen
refresh time.
2.3.1 Interfacing of LCD Display
with very precise frequency. They have high stability, quality factor, small size and low cost and this
makes them superior over other resonators like LC circuit, ceramic resonator, turning forks.
2.4.1 Diagram:
2.5 Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical
power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the
current flowing through another pair of terminal.
Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor
can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found
embedded in integrated circuits. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern
electronic devices, and is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems. Following its development in the
early 1950s the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and
cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other thing.
2.5.1 Diagram:
Fig:-2.5.1 Transistor
2.6 Diode:
A Diode Is A Two-Terminal Electronic Component With An Asymmetric Transfer Characteristic,
With Low (Ideally Zero) Resistance To Current Flow In One Direction, And High (Ideally Infinite)
Resistance In The Other. A Semiconductor Diode, The Most Common Type Today, Is A Crystalline
Piece Of Semiconductor Material With A P-N Junction Connected To Two Electrical Terminals. A
Vacuum Tube Diode, Now Used Only In Some High-Power Technologies And By Enthusiasts, Is A
Vacuum Tube With Two Electrodes, A Plate (Anode) And Filament (Cathode).
2.6.1 Diagram:
Fig:-2.6.1 Diode
2.7 Resistor:
Resistance R is the amount of opposition to the flow of electrical current. The higher the resistance,
the more difficult it is for current to flow. The lower the resistance, the easier it is for current to flow.
Resistance is measured in units called ohms, named after German scientist and mathematician
Georg Simon Ohm.
2.7.1 Diagram:
Fig:-2.7.1 Resistor
Carbon Composition Resistor - Made of carbon dust or graphite paste, low wattage values.
Film or Cermet Resistor - Made from conductive metal oxide paste, very low wattage values.
Wire-wound Resistor - Metallic bodies for heat sink mounting, very high wattage ratings.
Resistance Color Code: In order to identify the nominal resistance and the tolerance of a resistor,
manufacturers typically use a color band system known as the resistor color code. The electronic
color code is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, usually for resistors.
The power rating is not indicated in the resistor color code and must be determined by experience
using the physical size of the resistor as a guide.
For resistors with 5% or 10% tolerance, the color code consists of 4 color bands.
For resistors with 1% or 2% tolerance, the color code consists of 5 bands.
Tight tolerance resistors may have three bands for significant figures rather than two, or an
additional band indicating temperature coefficient, in units of ppm/K.
2.7.3Application:
Resistors are used with transducers to make sensor subsystems. Transducers are electronic
components which convert energy from one form into another, where one of the forms of energy is
electrical. Microphones and switches are input transducers. Output transducers include
loudspeakers, filament lamps and LEDs.
In other circuits, resistors are used to direct current flow to particular parts of the circuit, or may be
used to determine the voltage gain of an amplifier. Resistors are used with capacitors to introduce
time delays.
Most electronic circuits require resistors to make them work properly and it is
obviously important to find out something about the different types of resistor
available, and to be able to choose the correct resistor value, in
for a particular application.
.
, or M
2.7.4Color-coding
2.8 Relay:
So first what are 9 a relay - a relay is most simply an electronically controlled switch. Switches
come in all types of forms and so do relays. Relays like switches can exist in SPST, SPDT, DPDT,
styles, and so forth. The first part of the word SP tells how many poles there are. SP is single pole,
DP is double pole, and you can have multiple poles. The next part is the throws. Again ST is single
throw, DT is double throw. I like to say that you have a control line in for the pole and the number of
outputs is the throw.
SPST switches are the simplest and the best example is a light switch. SPDT is like a single switch
that controls a fan and a light. DPDT is a switch that can control two lines with a throw of the switch
for instance a motor on a DPDT switch can be reversed clockwise and counter clockwise. An
important note is that you can combine two SPDT switches to form a DPDT switch and similarly do
the same with SPST to form a DPST switch. When costing your robot's parts, sometimes it better to
buy one part in volume and change the design.
2.8.1 Diagram:
In the above diagram that a relay uses an electromagnet .This is a device consisting of a coil of wire
wrapped around an iron core. When electricity is applied to the coil of wire it becomes magnetic,
hence the term electromagnet. The A B and C terminals are an SPDT switch controlled by the
electromagnet. When electricity is applied to V1 and V2, the electromagnet acts upon the SPDT
switch so that the B and C terminals are connected. When the electricity is disconnected, then the A
and C terminals are connected. It is important to note that the electromagnet is magnetically linked
to the switch but the two are NOT linked electrically.
This application includes the need for voltages/amperages that your microcontroller organically
cannot provide by it. Like motor drivers - a relay circuit (which can be a motor driver in special
cases) can pulse motors on and off but without some complexity, would only control them in one
direction at a time but in some cases when you just need a simple application to go one direction, it
might be a viable solution. Usually you use relays to power high power items from an external
source of power such as a heater, a high amperage motor or fan, a chiller, a floodlight, large LED
arrays, solenoids, or objects you want to either fail open or closed such as heaters or chiller
applications if you run low on power (batteries are drained).
Relays provide the option to have devices either connected as normally open or normally closed.
This means that when power is connected to your circuit by default the gate is either closed or open.
Where the 'normally' indicates whether the relay state is tripped as true. The device will be in its
normally closed state if the power to the relay still persists if a signal is lost to the relay. A good
example of the case of a use of a failure case would be if you ran out of battery power in your
submarine, you'd want one of its last things to do would be to drop ballast of any kind to rise to the
surface.
When the ignition key is turned all the way to the "start" position, it allows electricity to flow to the
starter solenoid (relay) which then connects the battery to the starter motor. So why do we need this
solenoid "middle man"? Couldn't we just eliminate it and connect the ignition wires to the + battery
terminal and the other wire to the starter motor? The important point here is that the electromagnet is
using a small amount of current to control a large amount of current to the starter motor. (Remember
that the electromagnet and the switch are NOT connected electrically). Have you noticed that all of
the wires (except the ignition wires) are purposely drawn with thick lines? The reason being that
some circuits (such as the starter) in a car require a tremendous amount of current. (If you look at an
automobile's battery cables, you will notice they are quite thick.) Connecting the ignition wires to
the battery and then to the starter motor would cause these thin wires to conduct much more current
than they were designed for. These wires would become very hot and the insulation would start to
smoke.
We do have a second choice. We could use thick battery cables for the ignition wires and use a
heavy duty ignition switch. This isn't very practical either. Do you think it would be easy to squeeze
cables into the steering column and to squeeze in a heavy duty ignition switch too? Therefore, the
use of a solenoid is the most practical solution.
You may notice that the NC contact is turned upside-down compared to the NO contact. This is done
in purpose. This way, both contacts (NO and NC) will change state if a force is applied to the left
metal heading from UP to DOWN. The following animation shows how a NO contact operates by
lighting a light bulb.
2.10.3 Diagram:
wired to Ground.
CHAPTER 3
4.1 Introduction
The objective of this project is inserting the coin using charge for your mobile phone in public
places. This project is very useful to people who are all using mobile phone without charging
condition in public places. In this project, who are all using mobile phones in outside of home are
office without charging condition. The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to that person
for using coin to charge for that mobile. A sensor system is used to detect the presence of coin. It
may be of different type (IR sensor, Using LDR etc...). The coin is inserted between the transmitted
and received signal.
When a signal came from sensor unit, the microcontroller activates the charger unit for a predefined
time. After that it will reset to normal case. Driver circuit is used for provide the sufficient input
voltage of relay. The relay will on to activate the 230v charger, we will use charger to charge for
our mobile phone.
The major action in this system is controlled by transmitter section; this section consists of IR
transmitter and IR receiver. Here we need to generate IR frequency continuously. So that by using a
small tiny microcontroller frequency is produced and is connected to the IR led to generate IR light
rays of 38 KHz frequency.
3.2 IR Sensor
Infrared sensors (IR) is invisible radiant energy electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths
than those of visible light extending from the normal red edge of the thermal radiation emitted by
objects near from temperature is infrared. Infrared radiation was discovered in 1800 by astronomer
sir William Herschel, who discovered a type of invisible radiation in the spectrum lower in energy
then red light by, means of its effect upon a thermometer.
3.3.1 Diagram:
CHAPTER 4
4.1 PCB Wizard
PCB Wizard is a strong application that can be used for designing circuit boards
whether they are single sided or double sided printed. PCB Wizard is loaded
with all the necessary tools that are needed at each step of PCB circuit
designing. A large library of components has also been provided for the ease of
use in PCB designing. These components can be easily inserted into your
project and there is no need to draw them from scratch.
Layout
Lay out of the desired circuit is the most important in any circuit board manufacturing process. The
following points are to be observed while performing the layout of the PCB.
Sufficient space should be maintained between two components. High heat dissipation components
like high voltage resistors should be mounted at a sufficient distance from the semiconductors and
electrolytic capacitors. Components layout should make proper combination with copper side circuit
layout. Circuit copper line thickness should be decided taking into account the current drain in the
circuit.
through exposed copper edges; this leads to over etching. Have running water ready so that etched
board can be removed properly and rinsed; this will hall etching immediately.
Fig:-4.4.2 The PCB Etching Process with Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) Solution
4.4.5 Thinning
It is an electroplating process (tin plating) done to increases the conductivity of the conducting
medium and to avoid oxidizing effect.
A soldered connection ensures metal continuity. The soldering process involves: Melting of the flux
which in turn removes the oxide films on the metal to be soldered. Melting the solder which remove
the impurities. The solder partially dissolve of the metal in the connection. The solder cools and
fuses with the metal.
The soldering techniques involve knowledge of:Soldering iron.
Soldering wire.
Soldering procedure.
Replacing components.
Prosecutions of when using C-MOS, devices.
Knowledge of good and bad soldering joints.
Flux is a material used to aid soldering process. Flux is needed to scratch away the small film of
oxide on the surface of metals to be soldered. This flux forms a protective film that prevents reoxidation while the connection is heated to the point at which the solder melts. Flux is very helpful
on old dusty, eroded joint.
Joint design: They should be designed with the requirements of soldiers and their
limitations in mind.
Pre-cleaning: The surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned to allow the solder to wet
the base metal.
Fluxing: A flux must be provided to remove traces of surface film or oxides and to
prevent formation of oxides during the soldering operation.
Heating of the base metals should be uniform or even on base metals, to insure
good penetration of the filler alloy into the joint. If a noncorrosive flux is used no
further cleaning is necessary. The use of a corrosive flux makes flux residue
removal imperative.
CHAPTER 5
Software Used:5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 SCH Simulation Software Version 7.0.2
This software is a easy-to-use schematic design program. Express SCH schematic design software is
just as easy-to-use as our PCB layout software, both having the same user interface. After spending
a few minutes to teach one, mastering the other takes no time at all Step 1: Select the Components
Begin your schematic by placing the components. Select the parts from the Component Manager
Dialog box. Express SCH includes a large library with hundreds of component symbols (ICs,
resistors, capacitors...) that you can use to draw your electronic circuits Step 2: Position the
Components
Drag each component to the desired location on the page. The Snap to grid feature makes it easy to
neatly align the symbols. If all of the components do not fit on a single page, add additional sheets.
All the sheets of a schematic are linked together and saved in one file Step 3: Add the Wires
now draw the wires to connect the parts together. Add each wire by clicking on a component's pin,
then
dragging
the
wire
to
the
pin
it
connects
to
Step
4:
Edit
the
Schematic
making changes to a schematic is simple using standard commands such as Copy, Cut and Paste.
Rearranging the components is easy by dragging them with the mouse. Wires always stay connected
to their pins, even when you move things around Step 5: Link the Schematic and PCB
after you complete your schematic, it can be linked to your circuit board layout file. This image of
the Express PCB layout software shows how it guides you in designing your board by highlighting
in blue the pins that should be wired together.
Ljmp
main ORG
0003H ISR:
mov
dl,#01h
acall command
mov
dl,#80h
acall command
mov
dl,#'C'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'A'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'R'
acall data1
mov dl,#'G'
acall data1
mov dl,#'E'
acall data1
mov dl,#' '
acall data1
mov dl,#'Y'
acall data1
mov dl,#'O'
acall data1
mov dl,#'U'
acall data1
mov dl,#'R'
acall data1
mov dl,#' '
acall data1
mov dl,#'C'
acall data1
mov dl,#'E'
acall data1
mov dl,#'L'
acall data1
mov dl,#'L'
acall data1
SETB P3.7
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY1
ACALL DELAY1
ACALL DELAY1
ACALL DELAY1
ACALL DELAY1
ACALL DELAY1
mov
dl,#01h
acall command
mov
dl,#80h
acall command
mov
dl,#'3'
acall
'
acall
mov
data1
dl,#'S'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'C'
acall
dl,#'R'
acall
data1
mov dl,#'M'
acall data1
mov dl,#'A'
acall data1
mov dl,#'I'
acall data1
mov dl,#'N'
acall data1
mov dl,#'I'
acall data1
mov dl,#'N'
acall data1
mov dl,#'G'
acall data1
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
ACALL DELAY
CLR P3.7
RETI
mov
dl,#0eh
acall command
mov
dl,#06h
acall command
mov
dl,#01h
acall command
mov
dl,#80h
acall command
mov
dl,#'I'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'S'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'E'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'R'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'T'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'I
'
acall
data1
mov
dl,#'C'
acall
data1
mov dl,#'O'
acall data1
mov dl,#'I'
acall data1
mov dl,#'N'
acall data1
SJMP
MAIN
command:clr rs
setb
acall delay
clr e
ret
data1: setb rs
setb e
acall delay
clr e
ret
Delay:
mov
r2,#100
back1:
mov
r1,#50 back2:
mov r0,#10 b
djnz r1,back2
djnz r2,back1
ret
Delay1: mov r3,#200
back11: mov r4,#250
back22: mov r5,#200
back33: djnz r5,back33
djnz r4,back22
djnz r3,back11
ret
end
CHAPTER 7
7.1 Applications:
1. Useful to public for using coin to charge for the mobile phone in any palace.
2. It can be used for different type of mobiles.
3. It is used for emergency charging purposes.
4. It can be installed railway stations, bus stops, villages and rural areas and public places.
5. It can be installed in office and colleges for pay charging facility.
7.2 Advantages:
1. Simple and hand efficient.
2. Less expensive.
3. Reduced man power.
4. Low power consumption.
5. Installation is easy.
6. It can be useful while travelling and when we dont have charger with us during travel.
7. Simple to operate.
7.3 Conclusion:
The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to public for using coin to charge for the mobile
phone in any public places just like charging it normally owing to the fact that it relayed the
electricity through the coin based mobile charger needed to bring the mobile phone back to life.
A novel method of charging mobile batteries of different manufactures using solar power has been
designed and developed for rural and remote areas where the grid power is not available at any
time at any palace.
2. Shop:-coin based project charger is install any shop and earn money.
3. Rural areas:-This project is installing in rural areas where the power grid is not available
at any time.
4. Public Place:-This project is very useful to people who are using mobile phone without
charging condition in public places.
REFERENCE:
BOOKS:
1) Electronic devices and circuit theory.
2) Electronic projects.
3) Microelectronic circuits.
4) Electronic for you.
WEBSITES:
1)
www.efyindia.com
2) www.nationalsemiconductor.com
3) www.electroprojectindia.com
4)
www.alldatasheet.com
5)
www.howstuffworks.com