CH.

3: Wireless Channel Problems

1- Channel Problems

i-

Final 2014

i-

Final 2013

ii-

Final 2012

Note 1, pages 19-22, 26-35

1- Small-Scale fading

2- Log-Normal Shadowing

3- Knife-Edge []

2-ray proof as in 2013 (i)

The signal nulls at the receiver: (Note 1, Page 14)

Final expressions: (Midterm Exams Solutions by Yahia page 1)

Midterm Exams Solutions by Yahia pages 5, 6

Final 2011

Same as 2013 above

Final 2010

Same as 2012

Final 2009

Same as 2013 (i)

Same as 2014 (i) and 2013 (ii)

iii-

Final 2008

Same as 2013 (i)

Same as 2014 (i) and 2013 (ii)

2- Spherical earth & Refraction

Final 2014

Ch.4: Diversity and Equalization

i-

Final 2014

Note 3 from (20 to 23)

ii-

Note 3 Pages (23 and 25)

iii-

Final 2013

Repeated
Repeated

Final 2010

i-

Note 3 from (18 to 20)

iiiii-

Repeated
Repeated

Final 2009

Aiii-

Repeated
Repeated

i.
ii.
iii.

Repeated
Repeated
Repeated

B-

Ch.5: Spread Spectrum Techniques

1- Codes

Final 2014

b) 8
i)

ii)

 00 )c

Final 2012

( 7 ( M-sequence

) 8 ( Walsh codes

) 8 ( OVSF code

Gold code ( 8 )

Properties and usage: explained in 2014 above ..

Final 2011

b) 8
i) explained previously in 2012,2014
ii) No of orthogonal codes -MAI- jamming (not sure)
iii) Walsh 64 : in IS-95 CDMA1 , Gold code : UMTS (3g)-GPS-LTE
c) 7

Final 2009

Final 2008

a) M-sequence: used in CDMA applications

Walsh 64: used in IS-95 CDMA1
Gold code: used in UMTS (3g)- GPS -LTE
OVSF: used in UMTS

2- DSSS

Solution
i-Note (1) page [6 to 12]

ii- Note (1) page [16]

Solution
a.i) Note [1] page [6 to 14]
Repeated

iii)

Solution
ii) Note [1] page [6 to 14]
Repeated

Solution
b) Note [1] page [6 to 14]
The same as the first question + this figure

c) Note [1] page [18 + 20 + 21 + 22]

Solution
a) Note [1] page [6 to 14]
Repeated

Solution
A) Note [1] page [6 to 14]
Repeated

3- FHSS

Final 2014

From 2015 Summary Ch.5

Final 2013

Final 2012

Repeated Final 2013 (ii)

Repeated Final 2013, C

Final 2011

Repeated Final 2013 (ii)

Repeated Final 2013, C

Repeated Final 2012, B

Final 2010

Final 2008

Repeated Final 2012, C

Ch.7: OFDM/MA Techniques

Final 2014

Final 2013:

Final 2012

Final 2011

Notes 3, page 8 and 9 or Revision of Eng. El Fikey Engybook page 50

i.

ii.

Sub-carrier Frequency spacing needed to achieve orthogonality

Advantages of CP

iii.

Methods to decrease it :

iv. We cant use OFDM in uplink as a reason of the PAPR, and its only
solution to increase the efficiency is to use Class A Amplifiers with = 25%, so we
will use more power and battery will die (Mobile phone battery)

Final 2014:

Ch.X:

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Final 2011

Note 9 Page 41, 42 in pdf

Appendix
A) Q-function Table

B) Radar Probability of Detection Curve