Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 20

txl;xkwEdk0iffbtcsm 19?

2015yfydk

jrefrmEkid if H aps;uGurf mS &Sw


d hJ vkyif ef;&SiEf pS Of ;D
jzpfwhJ Telenor eJY MPT awGeYJ Ooredoo u
b,fvkd uGmjcm;csuaf wG &Syd govJ/
uRefawmfwdkY &JU yxrOD;qHk;aom
3G network oD;oefY uGef&ufu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
wifr[kwfygbl; wpfurmvHk;rSmyg xdxda&muf
a&muf toHk;jyKaeygw,f/ tcktcsdefrSmawmh
uRefawmfwdkY arQmfvifhxm;wJh 4G uawmh
tqifhoifhjzpfaeygNyD/ qdkvdkcsifwmu uRefawmf
wdkY customer tm;vHk; jrefqefwJh tifwmeuf
udk aps;oufoufomomeJY toHk;jyKEdkifzdkYeJY
&Sif;vif;jywfom;wJh toHawGudk ae&mwdkif;rSm
&&SdatmifvkyfzdkY uRefawmfwdkYrSm tpDtpOf
&Sdygw,f/
jrefrmjynfolawGtwGuf wefzdk;&SdvSwJht&m
wpfckudk ,laqmifvmay;zdkYu uRefawmfwdkY&JU
AsL[mjzpfNyD;awmh Customer awG&JU vlaerIb0
awGudk <u,f0csrf;omap&eftwGuf rdcif
usef;rma&; apmifha&SmufrI tufyvDau;&Sif;
(Maymay app) vkd Online aq;ynmuRr;f usio
f l
tzGJU&JU trsKd;orD;awGeJY oufqdkifwJh rD;rzGm;cif
usef;rm;a&; tMuHay;apmifha&SmufrItwGuf
0efaqmifrIawGtjyif b,fae&mawGrSm ukorI
&&SdEdkifw,fqdkwmawGudk qufoG,fay;r,fh
digital 0efaqmifrIawGudkvnf; tav;xm;
aqmif&Gufaeygw,f/ MunfEl;zG,faumif;wJh
yPmrvkyfaqmifrIawGeJY &ifESD;jrKyfESHrIwpfckudk
urmwpf0ef;rSm wjcm;aom vkyfief;&Sif
tenf;i,fom zef;wD;zl;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
aqmif&GufrIawGu trsKd;orD;'pf*spfw,fpD;yGm;
a&;u@rSmvnf; rESpfu atmufwdkbmvxJrSm
jyKvkyfcJhwJh trsKd;orD;rsm;Mum; qufoG,fay;
aom ndEIdif;aqG;aEG;yGJ Connected Women's
conference eJY jrefrmEdkifiH&JU enf;ynm
ajymif;vJrIrSm trsdK;orD;rsm; wdk;wufa&;
twGuf vIHaqmfay;wJh Ideabox's Geek Girls
Community wdkYvdk rwlnDwJh a&SUaqmifrIawG
uaewpfqifh jrefrmEdkifiH&JU usm;^r uGm[csuf
awGudkvnf; enf;ynmydkif;rSm aygif;ul;wHwm;
ozG,f jznfhqnf;ay;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
Customer 95 &mcdi
k Ef eI ;f u Data Users
oH;k pGMJ uNyD;awmh 85 &mcdik Ef eI ;f u Smart
Phones toH;k jyKMuw,fvYkd ajymwmaMumifh
jrefrmEdik if u
H vlxt
k rsm;pku tifwmeuf
toH;k jyKzdu
Yk kd Ooredoo cutomers jzpfvmMu
w,fvYkd qdv
k cdk siw
f mygvm;/
[kwfygw,f/ aumif;rGefwJh
tusKd;qufawGuawmh acwfrDwJhb0
tpdwftydkif;wdkif;rSm &&SdzdkYtwGuf
tvkyf&SmazG&mrSm tcGifhtvrf;aumif;awG
&&SdNyD;awmh tcsdefeJY a&ajrjcm; a0;uGmae
wJh rdom;pkawGeJYvnf; tquftoG,f

urmhtqifhrDenf;ynmukd tokH;jyKNyD; em;vnf


vG,fNyD; vlwkdif;tokH;jyKEkdifwJh 0efaqmifrIawGukd
uRefawmfwkdY wwfEkdiforQaqmif&Gufaeyg
w,f/
tl&'D ;l [m tajccHtaqmufttHk 0efaqmifrI
ay;wJo
h w
l pfO;D tjzpf tav;xm; aqmif&u
G af e
wJh delivery entity wpfcv
k Ydk ajymcJw
h ,faemf/
'gu tl&'D ;l [m wm0gwkid f 0,f,rl eI zYJ idk b
f m
qufo,
G rf aI wGrmS tok;H p&dwaf wG trsm;BuD;
&Sad ew,fvYdk ajymwmvm;/ tl&'D ;l &JU
vkyif ef;csUJ xGirf yI rmPukd ajymjyEdik rf vm;/
tl&D'l;[m qufoG,fa&;0efaqmifrIay;ol
wpfOD;jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY[m
toHeJY tcsuftvufykdYaqmifwJh 0efaqmifrI
ESpfckvkH;twGuf qufoG,frI vkyfay;EkdifwJh
tajccHtaqmufttHkawGukd wnfaxmif
rjywfap&eftwGuf uRefawmfwdkY 0efaqmifrI
aewmjzpfygw,f/ qufoG,fa&;0efaqmifrIawG
ay;aewmjzpfygw,f/ jrefrmpdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&; aqmif&GufEkdifzkdYtwGuf qufoG,fa&;ypnf;
u@rSm acwfrDatmif vkyfief;&SifawGudk
a&mif;olawGeJY ra&TUajymif;EkdifwJh qufoG,fa&;
ulnDvkyfaqmifay;r,fh axmufyhHoltopfawGeJY tajccHtaqmufttHkukrPDawGeJYtwl
qufoG,f&mrSmvnf;aumif;? pdkufysKd;arG;jrLa&; aqmif&Gufaeygw,f/ tl&D'l;[m wm0gwkdif
aygif; 3000 ausmfeJY zkdifbmqufoG,fa&;
vkyfolawG aps;uGuf&SmazG&mrSmvnf;aumif;?
jynfolvlxkudk EdkifiHwumpHcsdefpHTef;eJYudkufnD uDvkdrDwm 7000 ausmf wnfaqmufxm;yg
w,f/ toHeJYjrefEIef;jrifh tcsuftvuf
wJh ynma&;udk &&Sdatmif vkyfaqmif&mrSm
ykdYaqmifa&;0efaqmifrIawGeJYtwl aemufESpf
vnf;aumif; oifMum;a&;taxmuftuljyK
tukefrSm vlOD;a& 80 &mckdifEIef;ausmftxd
tjzpf q&m?q&mrawGtwGuf rdkbdkif;
tokH;jyKEkdifatmif pDpOfaqmif&Gufaeygw,f/
qufoG,fa&;u taxmuftuljzpfygw,f/
td&k 'D ;l u vGecf w
hJ hJ ESpEf pS t
f awmtwGi;f
aemufESpftukefrSm vkdtyfwJh wm0gwkdifawGeJY
wm0gwkid t
f a&twGuf 625 rS 2700 txd
zkdifbmqufoG,frI uDvkdrDwm 15000
pdu
k cf w
hJ ,fqw
kd m rSeyf govm;/
avmufukd wnfaqmufaeygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY tckvuf&Sdawmh wm0gwkdif
t"duatmfya&wmBuD; oH;k cktMum;rSm
ae&maygif; 3000 ausmf&SdNyD; EdkifiHvlOD;a& 75 yx0D0iftaetxm;t& ysUH ESrH rI mS b,fvdk
jcm;em;ygovJ/
&mcdkifEIef;cefYudk umrdatmif 2015 tukefrSm
tl&D'l;[m wpfEkdifiHvkH;tESHY qufoG,fa&;
wm0gwdkifaygif; 3400 ausmf &SdvmzdkY arQmfrSef;
0efaqmifrIawGukd aqmif&GufzkdYeJY wm0gukrPD
xm;ygw,f/
tl&'D ;l u wm0gwkid t
f rsm;pkukd 0,fxm;wm
awGuae wm0gawGiSm;&rf;NyD; uRefawmfwkdY&JU
vm; 'grSr[kwf tjcm;ukrP
aD wGu tl&'D ;l
network ukd wnfaxmifzkdYtwGuf
twGuf 0,fay;&wmvm;/
vkdifpif&Sdygw,f/
uRefawmfwkdY wm0gwkdifawGukd aqmufvkyf
aus;vufa'ou awmifov
l ,form;awG
twGuf tifwmeufudk aps;EIe;f oufouf
ay;&wJh ukrPDawGeJY twlwuG teD;uyf
omomeJY tok;H jyKEkid w
f hJ tckvwfwavm
aqmif&GufaewJh uRefawmfwkdY&JU enf;ynm
awGU&Sx
d m;wJh enf;ynmt& vlO;D a&
vkyfief;aqmifwmt& wkdif0gwkdif aqmufzkdY
b,favmufrsm;rsm;twGuf tusK;d jzpfxeG ;f
ae&mawG0,f,lwJh tzGJUwpfzGJU&Sdygw,f/
Ekid rf vJ/ &v'ftjzpf bmawGjzpfvmNyDvv
J Ydk
ae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;ukd wm0gaqmufwJh
xifygovJ/
ukrPDawGu 0,f,lwmjzpfygw,f/ wm0g
rkdbkdif;pkdufysKd;a&; (mAgri) enf;vrf;awG&JU
awGukd uRefawmfwkdY rykdifygbl;/ tm;vkH;ukd
t"duta&;ygwJh okH;rsKd;xJu Mobile
wm0gaqmufwJh ukrPDawGuom ykdifygw,f/
atmfya&wmawGu wm0gaqmufvkyfwJhae&m Application and Agricultural Value Added
Services Agri-VAS ukd zefwD;zkdYtwGuf
awGukd iSm;wmyg/ 'Dvkdenf;eJY uRefawmfwkdY[m
vkyfief;wpfcktaeeJY tajccHtaqmufttHkawG uRefawmfwkdY GSMA eJYtwlwuG aqmif&Guf
aeygw,f/ Agri-VAS [m zGHUNzdK;qJEkdifiHawGu
ukd rQa0tokH;jyKygw,f/
jrefrmEkid if [
H m uGeyf sLwmawG dial up
aus;vufa'ou v,form;awG &ifqdkif
tifwmeufawGuadk usmNf yD; prwfzek ;f enf;ynm
ae&wJh owif;tcsuftvufuGm[rIukd
ukd csucf si;f ajymif;vJEidk cf yhJ gw,f/'v
D edk nf;ynm avQmhcsay;zkdYtwGuf toifhawmfqkH;tjyif
ajymif;vJraI wGu vlawG&UJ b0awGtay:
tjcm;vlrItokdif;t0kdif;xJu v,form;awG?
b,fvv
dk rT ;f rk;d rI&adS evJ/ tl&'D ;l &JU pD;yGm;a&;
v,f,mxGufukefawGukd 0,f,l&wJh pD;yGm;a&;
twGuf b,fvjdk zpfEidk v
f /J
vkyfief;awGeJY oGif;tm;pk jzefYjzL;olawGvkd
oifhwifhwJhaps;EIef;&SdwJh 0efaqmifrIawGeJY
pkdufysKd;a&;u@xJu t"duusolawGeJY
aps;uGufukd wGef;tm;ay;vIYHaqmfNyD; prwfzkef;
ajymqkdqufqHEkdifzkdYtwGuf xda&mufvG,fulwJh
tokH;jyKrIawG wkd;wufvmatmif aqmif&Guf
tajctaersKd;ukdvnf; zefwD;ay;Ekdifygw,f/
Agri-VAS rSm odomxif&Sm;wJh zGHUNzdK;rI tcGifh
wm[m vlawG&JU b0awGeJY vlrItzGJUtpnf;
wpfckvkH;ukd uRefawmfwkdY ajymif;vJEkdifcJhygw,f/ tvrf;wpfck&Sdaeygw,f/ ta&SUawmiftm&S
a'otwGif; pkdufysKd;a&;u@rSm rkdbkdif;
jrefrmEkdifiHu vli,fawGjzpfcsifwJh qEawG
xJrSm pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;opfawG zGHUNzdK;vmapzkdYeJY qufoG,frI&SdwJh vkyfom;ta&twGuf[m
pkpkaygif; vkyfom;OD;a&&JU 47 &mckdifEIef;
vlrIb0zGHNzdK;wkd;wufrIukd wGef;tm;jzpfap
&SdEkdifw,fvkdY uRefawmfwkdY cefYrSef;xm;ygw,f/
r,fh rkdbkdif;enf;ynmukd usifhokH;csifwmvnf;
tl&'D ;l twGuf tem*wfped af c:rIawGu
yg0ifygw,f/ olwkdY&JU &nfrSef;csufawG?
bmawGygvJ/ pmzwfoal wGudk wku
d f u
dk f
jzpfcsifwJhqEawG atmifjrifapzkdYtwGuf

ajymvk&Yd r,fq&dk if rkb


d idk ;f enf;ynmajymif;vJrI
BuD;&JU &v'ftjzpf bmawGajymif;vJvmr,fvYdk
,kMH unfxm;ygovJ/ tJ't
D ay:rSm bmajymcsif
ygovJ/
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm rkdbkdif;qufoG,frIawGukd
yxrqkH; pwiftaumiftxnfazmfwkef;u
pdefac:rIawGukd arQmfvifhxm;cJhygw,f/
jyemwpfckqkdwmxuf ykdNyD;IyfaxG;ygw,f/
wm0gwkdifawGaqmufwJh yxrqkH; oDwif;ywf
tenf;i,ftwGif;rSmyJ EkdifiHtwGif;u oHrPd
wkdifawGtm;vkH;ukd uRefawmfwkdYokH;wm ukefoGm;
w,f/ 'geJY aemufxyf oHrPdwkdifawG xyfoGif;
cJh&w,f/ aemufNyD; ta&twGuftrsm;BuD;
vkdtyfaewJh Connector awGvkd 'DEkdifiHtwGif;rSm
tvG,fwulr&EkdifwJh oD;oefYtpdwftykdif;awG
vnf;&Sdw,f/ 'Dtpdwftykdif;awGeJY&atmifvkyfzkdY
uRefawmfwkdYBudK;pm;cJh&w,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&JU
vuf&Sd tajccHtaqmufttHkawG[m wDxGif
qef;opfrI enf;vrf;awGvkyfzkdY vkdtyfaew,f/
vlOD;a&&JU 70 &mckdifEIef;[m vQyfppfrD;ukd
rokH;pGJEkdifMubl;/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwkdY
wm0gwkdifawG trsm;pktwGuf rD;pufawG
vkdygw,f/
aemufq;Hk taeeJY tl&'D ;l ukd qufo,
G af &;
ukrP
D 'grSr[kwf tifwmeuf0efaqmifru
I rk P
D
'grSr[kwf ESpcf v
k ;Hk taeeJY owfrw
S x
f m;yg
ovm;/ 'DEpS cf t
k Mum;rSm bmawG uGmjcm;
w,fvYdk xifygvJ/ jrefrmEkid if &H UJ 'D*spw
f ,f
enf;ynmtem*wfudk b,fvjdk rifryd govJ/
vlwkdif;[m rkdbkdif;enf;ynmeJYtifwmeuf&JU
tusKd;aus;Zl;awGukd tokH;jyKcGifh&Sdw,fvkdY
uRefawmfwkdY ,kHMunfygw,f/
'D0efaqmifrIawGukd tokH;jyK&mrSm
twm;tqD;jzpfaewJh t&mawGukd
csKd;zsufzkdYtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;BuD;wpfckukd
uRefawmfwkdY awG Y&Sdxm;ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH[m
enf;ynm? vlrIa&;eJYpD;yGm;a&;wkdYrSm jyKjyif
ajymif;vJrIawG vkyfaewJhtcsdefrSm tpkd;&eJYtwl
vufwGJvkyfEkdifzkdYtwGuf wpfoufwm tcGifh
ta&;BuD;wpf&yf uRefawmfwkdY &&SdcJhw,f/
uRefawmfwkdY zefwD;xm;wJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
twGuf uRefawmfwkdY&JU 0efxrf;awG&JU pdwftm;
xufoefrI[m wu,fhukd thHrcef;ygyJ/
uRefawmfwkdY tl&D'l;rSm jrefrmrdom;pk0ifaygif;
1000 &Sdygw,f/ oifwef;ay;wmawGtjyif
todynmA[kokwawG uRrf;usifrIawGukd
zvS,fNyD; tl&D'l;rdom;pk0ifawG 'Dxufwkd;yGm;
vmatmif aqmif&GufoGm;ygr,f/ vGefcJhwJh
ESpfESpfu EkdifiHhvlOD;a& 20 &mckdifEIef;avmufyJ
rkdbkdif;zkef;tokH;jyKEkdifcJhygw,f/ tl&D'l;u
aemufig;ESpftwGif; rkdbkdif;zkef;tokH;jyKEkdifol
OD;a& 97 &mckdifEIef;txd &Sdvmatmif
aqmif&GufoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY[m
qufoG,fa&;atmfya&wmwpfckxufykdygw,f/
wDxGifqef;opfwJh enf;vrf;awGeJY a'ocHawG?
tpkd;&eJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGeJYtwl tusKd;wl
yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIawGukd aqmif&GufcJhyg
w,f/ ta&;BuD;wJh owif;tcsuftvufawGeJY
bPfvkyfief;? usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIeJY
ynma&;vkd 0efaqmifrIrsKd;awGukd
tokH;rjyKEkdifol awGtwGuf
'Dvkd0efaqmifrIawGukd tokH;jyKcGifh &Ekdifr,fh
tcGifhtvrf;wpf&yfukd uRefawmfwkdY
zefwD;ay;aeygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH&JU vlaerIb0
ukd jrifhwifr,fh 0efaqmifrIawGqD
ta&mufoGm; EkdifwJh aygif;ul;wHwm;tjzpf
yg0ifcGifh&wmukd tl&D'l;u *kPf,lrdygw,f/ g
cifrkd;a0ESifh ZmZmpkd; bmomjyefonf/

Taung Gyi Launch

Dawei Launch

Loikae Launch

AD'D,dktufyvDau;&Sif;awGudk prwfzkef;eJYMunfhvm
MuwJh EIe;f xm;u awmfawmfav;rsm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
wjcm;EkdifiHawGrSmvkdyJ t,fvfwDtD;vdk rsKd;quf
opfuGef&ufawGeJY 0efaqmifrIay;wmrsKd;vdk uGef&uf
awGudk ydkaumif;atmif uRefawmfwdkY vkyfay;zdkY
vkdaeygw,f/ 'DvkdtyfcsufawGudk jznfhqnf;ay;
EkdifzdkYtwGuf odyfrMumcifrSm uGef&uftqihfjrifhwif
ay;zkdY vkdygw,f/

stuart.becker@gmail.com

jrefrmEdik if &H UJ tpdk;&ausmaxmufaemufcH tBuD;rm;


qH k ; quf o G , f a &;atmf y a&wm trf y D w D [ m
tufzftrfpDudk tem*wf tajymif;tvJ&JU wpfpdwf
wpfa'otjzpf taumiftxnfazmfoGm;zdkY &Sdw,fvdkY
ukrPD&JUtkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwmjzpfolu ajymygw,f/
tufzftrfpDqdkwmuawmh BudK;vdkif;eJY rdkbdkif;
uGef&uf ESpfckudkaygif;pyfum txpftaighr&SdwJh
qufoG,fa&;uGef&ufudk &&SdaprSmjzpfwJhtwGuf
'DuGef&ufESpfckMum;u uGm[rIawGudk z,f&Sm;awmh
r,fh tajymif;tvJwpfck jzpfygw,f/
t&iftpdk;& qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;wpfcktaeeJY
NydKifqdkifrIjyif;xefwJhaps;uGufxJrSm a&SUuOD;aqmif
aeEdkifzdkY pD;yGm;a&;enf;vrf;usus b,fvdkajymif;vJ
aew,fqdkwmeJY ywfoufNyD; wdkusKdNrdKU *uful&SLtif
wuodkvf&JU uGefysLwmtif*sifeDbGJU&? qufoG,fa&;
vkyfief;qdkif&m 0g&ifhuRrf;usifol tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm
wmum&Sdem*g&SDrmu vGefcJhwJh &ufowywfu tcsdef
ay; ajzMum;ay;cJhygw,f/
trfyDwD[m rlvu qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;qdkif&m
tpd;k & Xmewpfcjk zpfayr,fh Edik if jH cm;ukrP
aD wGjzpfwhJ
w,fvDaem? tl&D'l;wdkYeJY tck,SOfNydKifae&NyD/ 'Dawmh
trfyw
D u
D o
kd ;kH pGo
J l b,favmuf&adS evJ/ tpd;k &taeeJY
'Du@udkwHcg;zGifhay;cJhwm tajrmftjrif&Sdw,fvdkY
ajymEdkifrvm;/
uRefawmfwdkYrSm wu,foHk;pGJaewJhol 16 oef;&Sd
ygw,f/ tpdk;&taeeJY 'Du@udk wHcg;zGifhay;cJh
wm tajrmftjrif&SdwJhqHk;jzwfcsufqdkwm uRefawmf
tjynfht0vufcHygw,f/ ajzavQmhrIray;cifwkef;
uqdk&if zkef;ac:c wpfrdepfudk usyf 50 0ef;usif
usw,f/ tckqkd atmfya&wmawGtukev
f ;kH tJ'x
D uf
xuf0ufru oufomwJah ps;eJY 0efaqmifraI y;aeygNy/D
trfyw
D u
D tl&'D ;l ? w,fvaD emwdeYk YJ b,fvu
kd mG Edik v
f ?J
oHk;pGJolawG bmawG ydktusKd;&SdEdkifrvJ/
trfyDwDu jrefrmEdkifiH&JUq,foG,fa&;vkyfief;udk
OD;aqmifaewJh jrefrmatmfya&wm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m
NydKifbufawGtay: tBuD;tus,ftompD; &&Sdapyg
w,f/ bmaMumifv
h q
J akd wmh jrefrmaps;uGut
f aMumif;
trfyDwDu udk,fwdkifudk,fustawGUtMuHK &&Sdxm;vdkY
yg/ 'DtawGUtMuKH awG&w
dS hJ trfyw
D [
D m *syefurk P
aD wG
jzpfwJh au'D'DtdkifeJY qlrDwdkrdk wdkYeJY zufpyfzGJUpnf;cJhyg
w,f/ jynfwGif;tawGUtMuHKeJY jynfyenf;ynmwdkY
aygif;pnf;vdkufwJhtwGuf jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuftusKd;
aus;Zl;awG trsm;BuD;&&SdrSmyg/ trfyDwDu 'Dvkyfief;
xJrSm ESpf 100 ausmfygNyD/
trfyDwDeJY *syefEdkifiH&JU qufqHa&;u b,fvdkrsKd;vJ?
*syefvkyfief;awGtaeeJY bmaMumifh 'Dvdktcsdefudkuf
a&mufvmEdkifcJhwmvJ/
au'D'DtdkifeJY qlrDwdkrdku trfyDwD&JU NydKifbuftae
eJY aps;uGufxJ0ifzdkY BudK;yrf;cJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh wif'g
avQmufzdkYtcGifhta&; vufvGwfoGm;w,f/ vkyfief;
opfawGudk trfyDwDu olYbmomol ,SOfNydKif&r,f
qdk&if jrefrmjynfolvlxkudk0efaqmifrIay;cJhwJh tpdk;&
vkyfief;wpfpdwfwpfydkif; jzpfcJhwJhtwGuf awmfawmf
cufcJvdrfhr,f/ tpdk;&u 'DpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk
em;vnfwJhol wpfOD;u trfyDwDudk yHhydk;oifhw,fvdkY
,lqcJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY a&mufvmwm
yg/ au'D'Dtdkifu *syefrSm qufoG,fa&;atmfya&wm
wpfckyJ/ NyD;awmh *syefukefoG,fvkyfief;jzpfwJh qlrDwdk
rdkaumfydka&;&Sif;eJYtwl rGef*dkvD;,m;rSm rdkbDuGef
ukrPDuaewpfqifh rdkbdkif;pDyGm;a&;wpfck zufpyf
vkyfaew,f/ rdkbDuGefu tJ'DEdkifiHrSmtBuD;qHk; atmfy
a&wmaygh/ wu,fawmh rdkbDuGefuvlwcsKdU 'Dudk
vmNyD; trfyDwDudkaxmufyHhay;zl;w,f/ uRefawmf
udk,fwdkifuawmh au'D'DtdkifrSmvkyfaewm ESpf 30
ausmf &Syd gNy/D urmtESrYH mS 0efxrf; 27000 &Sw
d hJ ukrP
D
&JU EdkifiHwumpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk OD;pD;aeygw,f/

trfyDwD&JYtem*wftwGuf ,HkMunfrI&Sdygovm;?
bmaMumifhrsm; tckvdk ,HkMunfrI&Sdae&wmvJ/

tkycf sKyrf 'I gu


kd w
f m wmum&Sed m*g&rDS mudk Adv
k af tmifausmv
f rf;&Sd trfyw
D D ;Hk awGU&pOf/
trfyDwDrSm wm0gwdkifb,favmuf&SdvJ? wjcm;vkyf
ief;awGudka&m rQa0oHk;pGJcGifhjyKavh&Sdygovm;/

tckavmavmq,f uRefawmfwdkYrSm wm0gwdkif


3000 ausmf&SdNyD; wpf[kefxdk;wkd;vmaeygw,f/ 2016
rwfvrukecf if 5000 txdw;kd csUJ oGm;rSmyg/ wm0gwdik f
ukrPDawGqDu tiSm;,lxm;wmu tukefvHk;r[kwf
ygbl;/ uReaf wmfwb
Ykd mom aqmufxm;wmawG trsm;
BuD;&Sdygw,f/ wm0gwdkifawGudk udk,fhbmomaqmufzdkY
rlvu uRefawmfwdkYpDpOfxm;cJhw,f/ 'gayrJh jrefjrefNyD;
zdkYvdkaewJhtwGuf wm0gwdkifukrPDawGqDuvnf;
iSm;zdkYqHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ tpydkif;rSm wjcm;atmfya&
wmawGu olwdkYudkrQoHk;cGifhjyKzdkY yefMum;cJhayr,fh trfyD
wD&JUwm0gwdkifawGu a0rQoHk;vdkY&wJhyHkpHrsKd;aqmuf
xm;wm r[kwfcJhbl;/ wm0gwdkiftm;vHk;eD;yg;u rQoHk;
vdkYr&bl;/ wjcm;atmfya&wmawGoHk;wJh wm0gtrsKd;
tpm;ursm;awmh uRefawmfhqDu olwdkYvdkwJh ta&
twGufvnf;usvmaew,f/ 'gayrJh rlv vdktyfwm
twGufawmh wm0gwdkifukrPDawGu olwdkYtiSm;,l
wmrsm;w,f/ b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf uRefawmfwdkYrSm rQay;
csifwJhqEawmh usdef;ao&Sdygw,f/

"mwfykH atmifcefY

jrefrmEdkifiHu prwfzkef;acwfudk wdkufdkufckeful;


aeNyD/ wpfudk,fa&oHk;uGefysLwmawG ta&mif;usNyD;
wjcm;EdkifiHawGrSmjzpfxGef;cJhwJh qifhuJajymif;vJrIudk
vlawGuausmfoGm;aeMuw,faygh/ 'Dawmh vuf&Sd
acwftajctaeudk b,fvdktoHk;csNyD; NydKifyGJ&JUa&SUae
&mudk b,fvdkxdef;xm;rvJ/

uRefawmfwdkY ,HkMunfrI&Sdygw,f/ yxrOD;qHk;


tcsufuawmh uRefawmfwdkYu vkyfief;oHk;enf;ynm
qufoG,fa&;0efaqmifrIudk leasedline intranet
uae zkid b
f mtifwmeuftxd trsK;d rsK;d 0efaqmifraI y;
Ekid w
f hJ wpfcw
k nf;aom qufo,
G af &;0efaqmifru
I rk P
D
wpfckyg/ txl;ojzihf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tcsif;csif;
qufoG,fvdkwJh toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf 0efaqmifrI
ay;aewmyg/ jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufvmwJhtwGuf
yk*v
duuGef&ufawGjzpfwJh IPVPN awGtwGuf toHk;
jyKvdkwJhEIef;xm;u awmfawmfav;udk rsm;ygw,f/
'DuGef&ufuawmh ae&ma'otoD;oD;rSm&SdwJh Hk;cef;
awGtcsif;csif; csdwfqufxm;wmrsKd;yg/ 'D0efaqmif
rIudk jrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;rSm uRefawmfwdkY yxrOD;qHk;
0efaqmifrIay;xm;wmyg/aemufa&G;cs,fp&mwpfck
uawmh zdkifbmtifwmeuf 0efaqmifrIyg/'gudkvnf;
uRefawmfwkdY&JU jrefEIef;jrifhtifwmeuf0efaqmifrI
tjzpf tckay;xm;ygw,f/ NrdKUBuD;oHk;ckrSm pwif0ef
aqmifrIay;xm;ygw,f/ wjcm;ae&mawGrSmvnf;
rMumcif wdk;csJU0efaqmifrIay;zdkY uRefawmfwkdY pDpOf
aeygw,f/ vkyif ef;&Sio
f ;kH pGo
J al wGtwGuf fixed mobile
Vonvergence (tufzftrfpD) udkvnf; pDpOfay;zdkY&Sdyg
w,f/ tJ'guawmh rdkbdkif;qif;uwfeJY zdkifbmtifwm
eufaygif;xm;ovdkrsKd;yg/ 'gaMumifhuRefawmfwdkY&JU
0efaqmifrIu ydkNyD; rsm;vmrSmyg/ jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;
ukrPDwpfcktaeeJY uRefawmfwdkYrSm tm;omcsufawG
&Sdw,fqdkwmukd ,kHMunfrI&Sdygw,f/ *syefukrPDawGeJY
yl;aygif;aqmif&GufaewJh uRefawmfwdkY&JU enf;AsL[mu
uRefawmfwdkYudk wjcm;ukrPDawGeJYrwlbJ uGJjym;oGm;
apygw,f/

tajymif;tvJuawmh cifAsm;ajymovdkygyJ? rSefyg


w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm qufoG,fa&;enf;ynma&m?
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;a&m tvsiftjref wdk;wuf
ajymif;vJaeygw,f/ um;awGtrsm;Bu;D jrefrmEkid if x
H u
J dk
a&mufvmayr,fh tajccHtaqmufttHkuawmh
vdktyfwJhtwdkif;twmtxd jzpfrvmao;ygbl;/
qufoG,fa&;enf;ynm u@rSm ,SOfNydKifEkdifzdkYtwGuf
ta&;BuD;qHk;uawmh aps;uGuf&JUoabmudk em;vnf
zdeYk YJ oH;k pGo
J al wGeYJ a'ocHawG&UJ vdt
k yfcsuu
f kd odEikd zf yYkd g
yJ/ jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;0efaqmifrIukrPDwpfck
taeeJY *syefurk P
eD YJ yl;aygif;xm;wJt
h wGuf uReaf wmf
wdkYrSm tm;omcsufawG &Sdygw,f/ 'Denf;vrf;eJYyJ
trfyDwD[m enf;ynmawGudk tqihfjrifhwif ay;ae
ovdk wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyJ jrefrmaps;uGuf&JU txmt&
NrdKUxJrSm wupD? bwfpfum;awGrS trfyDwD 'DZdkif; vdktyfwmawGudk jznfhqnf;ay;aeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
aq;a&mifawGokwfxm;w,f/ 'Dawmh trfyDwD&JU vnf; aps;uGufxJrSm uRefawmfwdkYu wjcm; a&SUvawGrSm av;ckajrmufrdkbdkif;0efaqmifrIukrPD
jrefrmEkdifiHudk a&mufvmzdkY&Sdygw,f/ oluawmh
aps;uGufcsJUxGifrIAsL[mudk &Sif;jyEdkifrvm;/
qufoG,fa&;0efaqmifrIukrPDawGxuf a&SUa&muf
uRefawmfwdkY&JU qufoG,fa&;Mum;cH 'grSr[kwf aewmyg/
jynfwiG ;f ukrP
aD wGeYJ zGUJ pnf;xm;wmrsK;d jzpfNyD; jynfy
aqmifyk'fu ]a&SUodkYvSrf;csD jrefrmjynf}yg/ zufpyf vdk*dk a'wmtwGuf toHk;jyKwJhEIef;xm;ua&m zkef;ajymzkdY
vkyfief;BuD;wpfckeJY vufwGJaqmif&GufzG,f&mvnf;
twGuf toHk;jyKrIavmuf cyfjrefjref wdk;wufvm
udk 2014 pufwifbmrSmzefw;D cJw
h ,f/ tJ'u
D wnf;u
&Sdygw,f/ 'DukrPDa&mufvmwJhtwGuf trfyDwD&JU
ovm;/ 'geJYywfoufNyD; tem*wfrSm b,fvdkjzpf
trfyDwDudk jrefrmEdkifiHwdk;wufa&;rSm ulnDaewJh
enf;AsL[mawG tajymif;tvJjzpfoGm;Ekdifovm;/
vuf&Sdvkyfief;vnfywfaewJh 0efaqmifrIukrPD
vmEkdifrvJ/ trfyDwD&JU r[mAsL[mudka&m olu
ukrPDtjzpf od&SdvmEdkifzdkY oHk;pGJolawGudk ydkaumif;wJh
wpfcktaeeJY jrefrmjynfolawGtwGuf taumif;qHk;
b,fvdkjzpfvmaprvJ/
pdwfauseyfrI? 0efaqmifrI? enf;ynmeJY vkyfief;
a'wmtoHk;jyKrIuawmh ododomomBuD;xdk;wuf 0efaqmifrIay;EkdifzdkY uRefawmfwdkY qufNyD; BudK;yrf;
aqmifwmawG jznfhqnf;zdkY uRefawmfwdkYBudK;pm;aecJh
ygw,f/ t"duodapcsifwJhtcsufu ajymif;vJrIyg/ aeygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh oHk;av;vtwGif;rSm ESpfqavmuf MuzdkY qE&Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh uRefawmfwdkY tjrJwrf;
trfyw
D [
D m ajymif;vJaeNy?D olwv
Ykd ckd siw
f meJY trsm;Bu;D udk jrifhwufvmcJhygw,f/enf;ynmawG wdk;wufvm usifhoHk;r,fh enf;AsL[myg/ aps;uGufxJudk aemufxyf
eD;pyfvmNyDvdkY jrefrmjynfuoHk;pGJolawG tukefvHk;udk wmeJYtrQ a'wmtwGuf toHk;jyKwJhEIef;xm;[m zkef; qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;ukrPD b,fESckyJ a&mufvm
Ykd wGut
f oH;k jyKwEhJ eI ;f xm;udk cyfjrefjrefyJ ausmf ygap/ uRefawmfwdkY 'Dtwdkif;yJ qufusifhoHk;oGm;
cHpm;apcsiyf gw,f/ zke;f ac:qdrk eI YJ tifwmeuftwGuf qufzt
txl;tpDtpOfawGtrsm;BuD;vkyfygw,f/ kyfoHrSm wuf oGm;Edkifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu jrefEIef;jrifhBudK;rJh rSmyg/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm 0efxrf; 8000 ausmf&Sdygw,f/
vTiw
hf hJ uReaf wmfwaYkd Mumfjimudk vlawGtrsm;Bu;D txl; a'wmpD;qif;wJhpepfjzpfwJh t,fvfwDtD; 0efaqmifrI trfyDwD[m tajymif;tvJawG jyKvkyfaewkef;yg/
ojzifh vli,fydkif;awGu oabmusMuygw,f/ aps; udk tck ay;rxm;&ao;ygbl;/ 'gayrJh odyfrMumcif trfyDwD&JU 0efxrf;awG[m tpdk;&0efxrf;awGjzpfwm
uGufcsJUxGifa&;yGJawGrSm ]jrefrmEdkifiHESifh jynfolvlxk tcsdeftwGif;rSm uRefawmfwdkY 'D0efaqmifrIudk ay;zdkY aMumifh tpdk;&uolwdkYudk vpmay;xm;ygw,f/
a&SUodkYvrf;csDEdkifatmif ulnDrnfhvkyfief;pOfrsm;}qdkwJh vkdaumif;vdkvmrSmyg/ tcktcsdefrSmawmh uRefawmfwdkY 'gaMumifh olwdkY&JU vkyfief;vnfywfyHku yk*vdu
pum;&yfudktpydkif;rSm tjrJxnfhoGif;ygw,f/ Oyrm &JU tajccH r[mAsL[muawmh oHk;pGJolawG&JU vkdtyf 0efaqmifrIukrPDawGeJY rwlygbl;/
jrefrmhvufa0SY? tqdkjydKifyGJ? y&[dwwDADtpDtpOf? csufeJY enf;ynmwdk;wufrI ukdufnDapzdkYtwGuf trfyDwDrSm *syef0efxrf; b,fESa,muf &SdygovJ/
100 avmufawmh &Sdygw,f/ wpf0ufausmfausmf
qdkufbmqD;*drf;eJY tJ'DvdkrsKd;u@awGrSm ulnDyHhydk;rI uRefawmfwdkY&JU vuf&Sda&mufaewJhtaetxm;udk
awGtukefvHk;u jrefrmh"avhtay:tajccHygw,f/ qufxdef;xm;zdkYeJY rdkbdkif;eJY BudK;zkef;qufoG,fa&; avmufuawmh enf;ynmydkif;qdkif&m 0efxrf;awGyg/
us,fus,fjyefYjyefY aMumfjimwmawGtwGuf NrdKUawGrSm uGef&ufawGtwGuf wkd;csJU0efaqmifrIay;r,f qdk jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tvkyfvkyf&wm b,fvkdcHpm;&yg
ovJ/
aMumfjimawGuyfwJhtcg ae&mudk owdxm;a&G;yg wmygyJ/
pD;yGm;a&;orm;wpfa,muftaeeJYuawmh t&rf;
w,f/ aMumfjimawGudkxm;wJhtcg ab;ywf0ef;usifudk prwfzkef;awGrSm AD'D,dkMunfhwJhEIef;xm;u t&rf;udk
jrifw
h ufvmaew,fvYkd ajymaeMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifh udk pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&maumif;wJh aps;uGufwpfckyg/
rxdcdkufatmif uRefawmfwdkY txl;owdxm;ygw,f/
aemufxyf b,fvkd enf;ynm tajymif;tvJawGrsm; jrefrmEkdifiHom;awGu t&rf;udk dk;om;NyD; cifrifwwf
ywf0ef;usifudkrxdcdkufbJ ]a&SUodkYvSrf;csD jrefrmjynf}
&SdvmEdkifOD;rvJ/
Muygw,f/ g
aqmifyk'fudkusifhoHk;EdkifzdkYu odyfta&;BuD;w,fvdkY
,lusKeJY azhpfbGwfcfvdkvlrIa&;uGef&ufawGrSm
oD&drif;xGef;ESihf ausmh'gvDvif; bmomjyefonf/
uRefawmf,lqygw,f/

stuart.becker@gmail.com

jrefrmhqufo,
G af &;aps;uGurf mS EdkifiHjcm;
ukrPDawG 0efaqmifrIay;Edkifatmif
vrf;zGifhay;cJhwJh tpdk;&&JUqHk;jzwfcsuf[m
rSefuefwJhvkyf&yfygvdkY oHk;pGJol 12 oef;?
wm0gwdkifaygif; 3300 ausmf eJY wpfv
wpfv oHk;pGJoltopf wpfoef;eD;yg;
xyfwdk;vmaewJh wdk;wufrIEIef;rsKd; ydkifqdkif
xm;wJh w,fvDaem&JU pDtD;tdk rpwm
yufwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]tpdk;&u 'Du@eJYywfoufNyD; aqmif
&GufzdkYqHk;jzwfcJhwm[m odyfudk ynmom;
ygNyD; awmfawmfav;vnf; yGifhvif; jrifom
rI&Sdw,fqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY w,fvDaem
eJY wjcm;Ekid if w
H um todik ;f t0dik ;f u vufcH
xm;ygw,f}} vdkY rpwmzm;bmh*fu
atmufwdkbm 29 &uf awGUqHk ar;jref;rI
wpfckrSm ajymygw,f/
]]qufoG,fa&;vkyfief; 0efaqmifrI
twGuf 0ifa&mufvkyfudkifzdkY pdwf0ifpm;wJh
ukrP
D 91ck&&dS mrSm 11 ckukd yPmr a&G;cs,f
cJhNyD; ESpfckukd tjyD;owfa&G;cs,fcJhygw,f/
a&G;cs,frIuawmh auseyfp&maumif;NyD;
yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdovdk ynm&Sifqefyg
w,f/ pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awG trsm;BuD;
csrSwfxm;NyD; owfrSwfcsufawGuvnf;
wif;usyfygw,f/ vkyfief;ppcsif;twGuf
pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufawG &Sdovdk ig;ESpf
twGif;rSm EdkifiH&JU 90 &mcdkifEIef;ukd vTrf;jcHK
rdatmif 0efaqmifrIay;&r,fvdkYvnf;
owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU
0efaqmifrItwGuf 0efaqmifcudkvnf;
trsm;qHk; b,favmufjzpf&r,fqdkwm
vnf; owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/ tJ'gawGu
awmh uRefawmfwdkYvkdufem&r,fh pnf;rsOf;
awGxJu wcsKdUyg}} vkdY oluajymygw,f/
tDvufxa&mepf aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
eJYywfoufNyD; cGifhjyKcsuf&zdkUtwGuf A[dk
bPfeJY yl;wGJaqmif&Gufaeygw,fvdkY
zm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/ tDvufx&Gef;epf
aiGyaYkd iGv[
JT m jrefrmjynfoal wG aus;vuf
NrdKUjyae&mra&G; tjyeftvSef tvG,fwul
aiGydkYEdkifapr,fh pepfyg/
tDvufxa&mepfaiGeJY aiGay;acswJh
pepf (stored value payment) udk vlawG
om toHk;jyKvmMur,fqdk&if jrefrmEkdifiH
&JU tDvufxa&mepf ul;oef;a&mif;0,f a&;
(e-commerce) [m wpf[e
kx
f ;kd wk;d wufvm
Edik w
f ,fvYkd rpwmzm;bmh*u
f ,HMk unfxm;
ygw,f/
]]rdkbdkif;aiGay;acswJhpepfudk toHk;jyK
r,fqdk&if tDvufx&Gef;epfaiGom;uwf
udk qdkifi,fav;awGrSmvnf; tvG,fwul
aiGjznfhEkdifNyD; vdktyfwJh ypnf;awGudk
tGefvkdif;uae 0,fvdkY&ygw,f}} vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/ ]]tDvufx&Gef;epf aiGaMu;
pepfudk uRefawmfwdkY 0efaqmifrIay;Edkif
atmif cGifhjyKay;EdkifzdkYtwGuf A[dkbPfu
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awG a&;qGJwm NyD;cg
eD;aeygNyD}} vdkY oluajymygw,f/
tDvufx&Gef;epf aiGydkYaiGvTJpepf[m
bPfpm&if;zGifhxm;NyD;om;olawGtwGuf
r[kwfygbl;vdkY rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymyg
w,f/ ]]uReaf wmfw&Ykd UJ 0efaqmifru
I bPf

pm&if;rzGifhxm;wJholawGtwGuf &nf&G,f
ygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh bPfpm&if;
zGifhrxm;wJholawG[m rdkbdkif;pepfeJY aiGydkY
aiGvTJvkyfvdkYr&vdkYyg/ OyrmtaeeJY tck
tcsdefrSmawmh bPfpm&if;zGifhrxm;wJh
olawG[m olwdkYaiGudk bwfpfum; 'dkifbm
uwpfqifh ay;ykdYaeMu&ygw,f/ w,fvD
aemeJY wjcm;qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;awG
twGufuawmh aiGom;udk tDvufx&Gef;
epftjzpf ajymif;vJwJh vkyfief;e,fy,frSm
a&mufESifhaeMuygNyD/ 'D0efaqmifrI[m
vlawGudk tDvufx&Gef;epf aiGom;awG
tGefvdkif;rSm tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEdkifap
rSmyg}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
rdkbdkif;aiGay;acsrIawG[m bPfawGeJY
VISA uwfawGukd tNyKd it
f qdik v
f yk w
f mrsK;d
r[kwfbJ wpfzufwpfvrf;u jznfhqnf;
ay;wmrsKd;ygvdkY rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymyg
w,f/
]]wu,fvdkY &Gmwpf&Gmu v,form;
wpfa,mufqdkygawmh olu ypnf;wpfckck
udk tGefvkdif;uae 0,fcsifw,fqkd&if
b,fv0kd ,frvJ/ tDvufx&Gef;epfaiGaMu;
0efaqmifrIeJY ywfoufNyD; A[dkbPf&JU
pnf;rsOf;awG rMumcifxGufvmawmhr,f
vkdY uRefawmfxifygw,f/ tck aemufqHk;
tqihfa&mufaeMuygNyD}} vkdY oluajymyg
w,f/
]]tDvufx&Gef;epf ul;oef;a&mif;0,f
a&;rSm tvm;tvmaumif;awG trsm;Bu;D
&Sdaewm uRefawmfjrifae&ygw,f/ jrefrm
EkdifiH[m EdkifiHwum tGefvdkif;aiGay;acsrI
&JU wpfpdwfwpfydkif; jzpfvmEdkifygw,f/
w,fvDaemrSm wm0efwpf&yf&Sdygw,f/
rdkbdkif;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI zGHUNzdK;wdk;wuf
vmzdkY tpDtpOfawG uRefawmfwkdY vkyfae
wkef;yg/ 'gudk cGifhjyKcsuf&oGm;&ifawmh
uRefawmfwdkY&JU BudKwifaiGjznfhuwfpepfeJY
oHk;pGJolawG[m aiGom;awGudk tDvuf
x&Gef;epf aiGay;acsrItjzpfajymif;vJNyD;
aiGay;acsEikd Mf uawmhrmS yg}} vdYk olu ajymyg
w,f/
2015 ckESpf Edk0ifbmvtapmydkif;txd
w,fvDaem&JU oHk;pGJol[m 12 oef;eD;yg;
&Sdygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh udk;vwkef;uawmh
w,fvDaem oHk;pGJolta&twGuf[m
oHk; 'or &Spfoef;yJ &Sdygw,f/ NyD;cJhwJh
ajcmufvrSmawmh oHk;pGJol ajcmuf 'or
av;oef; &SdNyD; NyD;cJhwJhoHk;vrSmawmh
udk; 'or ig;oef; &Sdygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYuawmh tcktcsdefrSm
jrefrmEkdifiH&JU tBuD;qHk; 3G 0efaqmifrI
ukrPDwpfckyg/ 'gayrJh wjcm;olawGvnf;
uRefawmfwdkYudk rDvmMurSmyg/ vlawGeJY
tquftoG,f&Sdaeoifhovdk oHk;pGJolawG
twGuf ay;&wmwefatmifvnf; vkyaf y;
zdkYvdkygw,f/ 'gu uRefawmfwdkY tm;pdkuf
aqmif&GufaewJh tcsufawGyg}} vdkY rpwm
zm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
jrefrmjynfoal wG tifwmeufcsw
d q
f uf
toHk;jyKEkdifoGm;wJhtwGuf owif;tcsuf
tvufawG t&ifuxufydkNyD; &&SdEkdifwJh
tcGifhtvrf;awG &&SdoGm;apygw,fvdkY
aemfa0EdkifiHom;wpfOD;jzpfNyD; aemfa0
tpdk;& 0efxrf;a[mif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfwJh

rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ynma&;jrifhwifay;Edkif
zdkYtwGuf rdkbdkif;tifwmeufrSm tvm;
tvmawG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ NyD;awmh
vlawGtwGuf oifwef;awG trsm;BuD;
pDpOfay;zdkYvnf; vkdygw,f}} vkdY olu
ajymygw,f/
]]jrefrmEdkifiHrSm pmwwfEIef;u jrifhyg
w,f/ txl;ojzifh jrefrmpmrSmyg/ ynm&yf
awGudk a'ooHk;bmompum;eJY pDpOfay;
Ekdifr,fqdk&if ydkNyD;wdk;wufvmMurSmyg/
ynm&yfqdkif&m taMumif;t&mawGudk
a'ooHk; bmompum;eJY pDpOfay;EdkifzdkY
qdkwm 'DEdkifiHudk jrifhwifay;EdkifwJh tcsuf
wpfcsufygyJ}} vdkY oluajymygw,f/
rpwmzm;bmh*f&JU w,fvDaemrSm
t"duaqmif&Gufay;zdkY &nf&G,fxm;wJh
tcsufawGuawmh 0DuDyD;'D;,m;&JU ta&;
ygrIudk todtrSwfjyKzdkYeJY urmrSm tjynhfpHk
qHk; tGefvdkif;pG,fpHkusrf;udk vlwdkif;
tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEkdifapzdkYyg/
]]0DuDyD;'D;,m;udk pa&;zdkYtwGuf
uReaf wmfw&Ykd UJ 0efxrf;awGukd oifwef;ay;
aeygw,f/ 'gqdk&if t&nftaoG;aumif;
wJh owif;tcsut
f vufawGukd tifwmeuf
rSm olwdkYjzefYa-0ay;EkdifrSmyg}} vdkY rpwm
zm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
tNyd K if t qd k i f r sm;wJ h jref r mEd k i f i H
aps;uGufxJudk pwkwenf;ynmukrPD
a&muf&v
dS mrSmeJyY wfoufNy;D rpwmzm;bmh*f
u tJ'Dtajctae[m olwdkY tjrJarQmfvifh
aewJht&myJvkdY ajymygw,f/
]]pwkw0efaqmifrI ukrPDwpfck
vkyfudkifcGihfjyKzdkYqdkwm tpdk;&&JU pDrHudef;
awGxJu wpfckygyJ/ 'gaMumifh tJ'gudk
uRefawmfwdkY BudKwifarQmfrSef;NyD; jyifqif
xm;ygw,f}} vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm rkdbdkif;0efaqmifrI
vkyfief;vkyf&wm 0rf;om*kPf,lygw,fvdkY
rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]oH k ; pG J o l a wG u uRef a wmf w k d Y u d k
taumif;jrifygw,f/ aemufxyf wm0g
wdkif 6000 avmuf xyfaqmufzdkY vdkyg
ao;w,f/ NyD;awmh tJ'gawGudk tNyD;owf

pDt;D tdk rpwm yufwmzmbwfukd &efuek Nf rKd U&dS w,fvaD emk;H csKyf awGU&pOf/
"mwfykH atmifcefY

zkef; toHk;rjyKEdkifao;olawGtwGuf
uRefawmfwdkY 'DrSm&Sdaewmyg/ vGefcJhwJh
ESpfESpf? oHk;ESpfuqdk&if w,fvDzkef;udkifEdkif
wJhol ta&twGuf[m vlOD;a&&JU 10
&mcdkifEIef;atmufrSmyJ &Sdygw,f/ rdkbdkif;
wm0gwdkifawG tvsiftjref wdk;csJU
aqmufvkyfay;Edkifwm? aps;EIef; oufom
wmeJY tvG,fwul em;vnfEkdifwJh dk;&Sif;
wJh qufoG,fa&;pepf jzpfwmawGaMumihf
uRefawmfwdkY w,fvDaemudk oHk;pGJwJhol
ta&twGuf[m wpfvwpfv wpfoef;
avmuf xyfwdk;vmaewmyg}} vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/

jrefrmjynfolawG toHk;jyKwJhykHpHrSmvnf; tajymif;tvJ jyKpjzpfvm


MuNyD; zkef;udk pum;ajymzdkYqdkwmxuf owif;tcsuftvufawG
&,lMunfhIzdkYtwGuf ydktoHk;jyKvmaeMuNyD ....
aqmufvkyfzdkYqdkwmuvnf; aemufxyf
ESpEf pS ?f oH;k ESpaf vmuf tcsed ,
f zl Ydk vkyd gw,f}}
vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
a,bk,stm;jzifah jym&&if w,fvaD em
&JU r[mAsL[m[m jrefrmEdik if u
H vlwef;pm;
tm;vHk;twGuf 0efaqmifrIay;EkdifzdkYyg vdkY
rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]vlwef;pm;tm;vH;k twGuf 0efaqmifrI
ay;zkdY uRefawmfwkdY 'DrSm&Sdaewmyg/
tpydik ;f uwnf;u 'Dtcsuu
f kd uReaf wmfwYkd
aumif;aumif; oabmaygufxm;ygw,f/
uReaf wmfwYkd 'Duakd &mufwt
hJ csed rf mS rdb
k ikd ;f

rdkbkdif;zkef;udk jrefrmjynfolawG toHk;


jyKwyhJ pHk rH mS vnf; tajymif;tvJ jyKpjzpfvm
MuNyD; zkef;udk pum;ajymzdkYqdkwmxuf
owif;tcsuftvufawG &,lMunfhIzdkY
twGuf ydktoHk;jyKvmaeMuNyDvdkY rpwm
zm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]oHk;pGJoltm;vHk;&JU 57 &mcdkifEIef;[m
owif;tcsuftvuf &,loHk;pGJzdkYtwGuf
yJ uRefawmfwdkY&JU 0efaqmifrIudk vpOf
oHk;pGJMuygw,f/ 'DEIef;xm;[m rav;&Sm;
eJY xdkif;EdkifiHrSm&SdwJh EIef;xm;ukd rDpjyKvm
aeygNyD/ tifwmeuftoHk;jyKwJh EIef;xm;

[m jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tvsiftjref jrifhwuf


vmaeygw,f}}vdkY oluajymygw,f/
&efukefrSm w,fvDaemu pwif
0efaqmifrIay;cJhNyD; wpfESpftMumrSm oHk;pGJ
ol 12 oef;&SdvmNyD; oHk;pGJolpkpkaygif;&JU 60
&mcdkifEIef;ausmf[m 3G 'grSr[kwf 4G zkef;
awG toHk;jyKaeMuygw,f/
prwfzkef;trsm;pk[m 3G zkef;awG
jzpfNyD; 4G trsKd;tpm;xJu aps;tBuD;qHk;
[ef;qufawGvnf; a&mif;aumif;w,fvdkY
oluajymygw,f/
rpwmzm;bmh*fu olUZmwdajr aemfa0
EdkifiHtaeeJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyf&mrSm tm&Som;
awG pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfyHkudkifyHkudk
olwdkYEkdifiHom;awG&JU pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m
oabmw&m;eJY aygif;pyfxm;w,fvdkY
vufcHxm;ygw,f/
]] ScandinAsian enf ; vrf ; rS m
tm&Som;awG&JU tNydKiftqkdif pdwf"mwfeJY
twl pDrHcefYcGJrItqifh enf;yg;jcif;?
vGwfvyfyGifhvif;rI? yGihfvif;jrifomrIeJY
vkyfief;qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifwJh pGrf;aqmif
&nfawG yg0ifygw,f}} vdYk oluajymygw,f/
tm&SrSm 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;ay;aewm
ESpaf ygif; 20 avmuf&NdS y;D ygupwef? tdE,
d ?
b*Fvm;a'&SfU? rav;&Sm;eJY xdkif;EdkifiHawG
rSmawmh vkyif ef;vnfywfaewJh w,fvaD em
rSm aemfa0tpdk;&u &S,f,m 50 &mcdkifEIef;
ausmfyg0ifayr,fh pDrHcefYcGJrIrSm ryg0ifbl;
vdkY if;uajymygw,f/
aemfa0Edik if [
H m enf;ynmqufo,
G af &;
vkyfief;eJYywfoufNyD; tm&SrSmatmifjrifrI
&&SdaewJh tajccHtaMumif;&if;uawmh
puif'Dae;AD;,m;EdkifiHawGu rdkbdkif;

0efaqmifrI ukrP
aD wGu owfrw
S x
f m;wJh
tifeftrfwDpHEIef; (Nordic Mobile Telephone Standard) aMumifhygvdkY rpwm
zm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]tJ'g *sDtufpftrfrwdkifcifu pepfyg/
rdkbdkif;enf;ynmavmuxJudk cyfapmapm
0ifvmcJhwmaMumifh tpaumif;cJhygw,f}}
vdkY oluajymygw,f/
w,fvaD em&JU0ifaiG 50 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ausmf
eJY (pkpkaygif; oef; 200 &SdwJh) oHk;pGJol 80
&mcdkifEIef;ausmf[m tm&Suyg/
]]Edik if jH cm;om;a&m? jrefrmEdik if o
H m; awG
a&m uRefawmfwdkYrSm&SdwJhvlwdkif; tvkyf
BudK;pm;Muygw,f/ ta&;ygwJht&mudk
tm;jznhaf y;aeMuwJh olawGxrJ mS uReaf wmf
wdkYvnf;ygw,fvdkY tm;vHk;&JU pdwfxJrSm
cH,lxm;Muygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYay;aewJh
0efaqmifrI[m oHk;pGJolawG vkdcsifaewJh
t&mawGjzpfNyD; wu,fvnf; vkdtyfaewJh
t&mawGyg/ 'gaMumifh tjyeftvSef
vdkufavsmfnDaxG&Sdr,fh a*[pepfwpfckudk
uRefawmfwdkY wnfaqmufaeygw,f}} vkdY
oluajymygw,f/
w,fvDaemtwGuf vkdtyfwJh ypnf;
awG wifoGif;ay;aewJhukrPD 220 &SdNyD;
tJ'u
D rk P
aD wG&UJ 75 &mcdik Ef eI ;f [m a'ocH
ukrPDawGyg/ w,fvDaem&JU aiGjznhfuwf
awGudk a&mif;ay;aewJh qdkifi,faygif;
55000 &SdNyD; vufum;qdkif 114 qdkif
&Sdygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYawG[m vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk
aumif;usdK;jyKwJholawGxJrSm yg0ifygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY&JU vkyfief;awGrSm yGihfvif;
jrifomrI awmfawmfav;&Syd gw,f/ vkyo
f ifh
wmawGudk vkyfzkdY uRefawmfwdkYrSm wm0ef
&Sdw,fvdkY uRefawmfwdkY vufcHxm;ygw,f/
oifwef;ay;wmawG? ppfaq; aqmif&Guf
wmawGeJY jyKjyif wnfhrwfay;wmawG
vkyfay;NyD; usef;rma&;eJY ab;uif;a&;
twGuf tqifhtwef; jrifhvmatmif
aqmif&GufzdkY uRefawmfwdkYrSm wm0ef&Sdw,f
vdkY cH,lxm;ygw,f/
tcktcsdeftxd a&muf&SdaewJh tajc
taeeJY ywfoufNyD; auseyftm;&rI &Sdw,f
vdkYvnf; rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tcGifhomwJh
tcsufwpfcsufuawmh wjcm;EdkifiHawGrSm
rdkbkdif;0efaqmifrIay;NyD;rS uRefawmfwdkY
'Dudk a&mufvmMuwJhtcsufyg/ 'gaMumifh
a&SUrSm oifcef;pm &xm;wmawG &Sdwm
aMumifh tcuftcJ odyrf &Syd gbl;/ Ekid if H awmf
awmfrsm;rsm;uawmh olwdkY udk,fydkifwm0g
wdkifawG wnfaqmufzkdY tmHkpdkufMuyg
w,f/ NyD;awmhrS wm0gwdkifukrPD wpfckck
udk a&mif;vdkufMuygw,f/ wm0gwdkif
ukrP
aD wGuae rdb
k ikd ;f 0efaqmifrI ukrP
D
awGudk jyefa&mif;Muygw,f}} vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/
w,fvDaemeJY wjcm; rkdbdkif;0efaqmifrI
ukrPDawG[m wm0gwdkifawG iSm;&rf;wm?
wm0gwdkifukrPDawGudk atmf'grSmwm
rsKd;eJY wjcm;rdkbdkif;0efaqmifrI ukrPD
awGeJY wm0gwdkif rQa0oHk;pGJwmrsKd;awGeJY
vkyfief; pwifvnfywfcJhMuygw,fvdkY
rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/

]]'Dwm0gwdkifrSmyJ ae&m iSm;riSm;qdkwm


eJY ywfoufNyD; enf;ynmukrPu
D dk ar;jref;
zdkYuawmh wm0gwdkifukrPD&JUoabmyg/
wjznf;jznf;eJY wm0gwdkiftrsm;BuD;rSm
rdkbdkif;0efaqmifrIukrPDawG rsm;rsm;vm
r,fvYkd uReaf wmfxifygw,f/ 'gayrJh tcsed f
awmh enf;enf;,l&rSmaygh/ wm0gwdik u
f rk P
D
awG[m wm0gwdkiftaqmufttHkeJY
vQyfppf"mwftm;twGuf 0efaqmifrIay;
ygw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfjcif;tm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiH
rSm rdkbdkif;0efaqmifrIay;&mrSm bdvyfajr?
oHeJY vQyfppf"mwftm; oHk;pGJrIawG oufom
oGm;apovdk ukefusp&dwfvnf; oufom
apygw,f/ wu,fvkdY udk,fhrSm wm0gwkdif
tykdif oHk;cktpm; wpfckyJ &Sdr,fqdk&if
pD;yGm;zuftm;vHk;twGuf ukefusp&dwfu
oufomoGm;NyD; obm0ywf0ef;usif
twGufvnf; tusKd;&Sdygw,f/ NyD;awmh
vQyfppf"mwftm; oHk;pGJrIudkvnf; odod
omomavsmhusapygw,f/ wm0gwdkifawG
udk rQa0oHk;pGJwm[m vlwdkif;twGuf
aumif;usK;d &Syd gw,fvYkd if;u ajymygw,f/
]]rdkbdkif;qufoG,fa&;vdkif; vTrf;jcHKEkdifrI
eJYywfoufNyD; NydKifqdkifrIu odyfr&Sdygbl;/
uRefawmfwdkYu 0efaqmifrIukrPDawGyg/
'gaMumifh qufoG,fa&;vdkif; vTrf;jcHKEdkifzdkY
xuf wjcm;t&mawGtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY
ydkNyD; ,SOfNydKifjzpfMuygw,f}} vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/
ukrP
&D UJ oabmxm;uawmh t&ifu
rdkbdkif;zkef; toHk;rjyKEdkifwJholawGtwGuf
0efaqmifrI ay;zdkYygyJvdkY w,fvDaem&JU
vlrsm;pkudk 0efaqmifrI ay;EdkifzdkYtwGuf
BudK;yrf;rIywfoufNyD; rpwmzm;bmh*fu
ajymygw,f/ ]]aps;uGuftwGif;u vlvwf
wef;pm;uae atmufajcvlwef;pm;awG
txd t&nftaoG;eJY0efaqmifrI? dk;&Sif;
wJh qufoG,fa&;pepf? tifwmeuf csdwf
qufrIeJY toH0efaqmifrIawGudk vdkcsifMu
wJholawGtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY 0efaqmifrI
ay;aeygw,f}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
t&nftaoG;jynfh0wJh 0efxrf; tvHk
tavmufr&Sdwmudk Ekdifeif;atmif ajz&Sif;
&wmuawmh tcuftcJwpfckygyJvkdY
rpwmzm;bmh*fu ajymygw,f/
]]rdb
k ikd ;f vkyif ef;u jrefrmEdik if u
H vkyif ef;
cGif topfwpfckyg}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
]]trfyDwDu EdkifiHydkifvkyfief;wpfckyg/
tJ'Duae uRefawmfwdkYtwGuf taxmuf
tuljzpfwm odyfr&Sdygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY
vkyfEkdifwmuawmh jynfyu uRrf;usifol
awGudk ac:NyD; jynfwGif;u 0efxrf;awGudk
oifay;wmyg/ tJ'gu awmfawmfav;
tusKd;&Sdygw,f/ w,fvDaem&JU xdyfydkif;
wm0ef&o
dS l ae&mawGrmS Edik if aH ygif; 18 Edik if H
uolawGudk cefYxm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY
qDrSm tvkyfvkyfzkdY vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;
jyefvmMuygw,f/ tvkyv
f yk v
f Ydk aumif;wJh
ukrPDwpfckvkdY w,fvDaemudk jrifMuyg
w,f/ a'ocHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udkvnf;
uRefawmfwdkY tvkyfcefYxm;ygw,f/ olwdkY
awG&JU oif,lvdkpdwfu uRrf;usif0efxrf;
rvHkavmufwmudk axrdapygw,f}} vdkY
oluajymygw,f/ g
oD&drif;xGef; bmomjyefonf/

stuart.becker@gmail.com

owif;pmjzefcY sad &;vkyif ef;twGuf rdkbdkif;tufyvDau;&Sif;wpfck wnfaqmufzdkY aMumfjim


udk jrefrmwdkif;(rf) *sme,frSm awGU&SdcJh&NyD;wJhaemuf 'g[m olwdkYtwGuf tcGifhaumif;
wpfckyJvdkY udkcdkifvif;u olYoli,fcsif;awGudk ajymvdkufygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkY odyfBuD;rm;wJh tcuftcJeJY &ifqdkifcJh&ygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wpfywf
vHk;vHk; tvkyfvkyfcJhMuw,f/ atmifjrifrI&NyD;wJhtcsdefrSm odyfudk pdwfvIyf&Sm;Muygw,f/
Ny;D awmh jrefrmEdik if u
H ukrP
aD wG tawmfrsm;rsm;u pm&Guaf y:rSm Ny;D awmh tdypf Zf J tqifh
avmufrSm &Sdaewkef;yJqdkwm owdxm;rdcJhw,f/ 'g[m uRefawmfhtaeeJY 'Dvkyfief;awGudk
tqifhjrifhenf;ynmawGtay: ydkrdktajccHvmatmif ajymif;vJay;csifwJh qEudk jzpfay:
ap&wJh taMumif;w&m;ygyJ}} vdkY oluajymygw,f/
tBuD;rm;qHk;tcuftcJuawmh a'wmabhpf tcsuftvufwnfaqmufwJh ae&mrSm
jrefrmwdkif;(rf)u ay;xm;wJh jzefYcsda&;pepfawGu vdktyfcsufawG &SdaewmygyJ/
2014 ckESpfrSm tar&duefEdkifiHuae jrefrmEdkifiHudk jyefa&mufvmcJhwJh udkcdkifvif;u
tl&D'l;&JU tdkif'D,m abmufpftzGJUu zGJUpnf;wJh zufpftJAm; [ufumoGeftzGJU0ifwpfOD;
tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f/
]]tJ'DtcsdefrSm pGefYOD;wDxGifMuwJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGudk uRefawmf owdxm;rdcJh
w,f/ 'gaMumifh uRefawmfu jrefrmhenf;ynmavmu&JU tapmqHk;tqifhrSm yg0ifzdkY
qHk;jzwfcJhygw,f}}vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
aemuf ESpfESpfMumwJhtcg udkcdkifvif;u MyLann.com &JU acgif;aqmifAdokumtjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhNyD; tJ'DpmrsufESmu tcktcgrSm MunfhIol 24 odef;ausmfeJY tcdkif
trm &yfwnfaeygNyD/

vuf&SdrSm udkcdkifvif;[m &efukefNrdKUv,faumifrSm Netket.co vdkYac:wJh aqmhzf0J


a[mufpf tao;av;wpfckudk OD;aqmifzefwD;aeygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYu vuf&Sdwnf&SdaewJh jynfwGif; ukrPDawGtwGuf uavmufabhpfeJY
rdkbdkif;abhpf pvl;&Sif;awG vkyfaqmifaeygw,f/ vwfwavm jrefrmEdkifiHu rdkbkdif;
aps;uGuf[m t&Sdeft[kef aumif;aumif;eJY jrifhwufaeygw,f/ 'ghjyif 'Dae&mrSm
uRefawmfwdkYvdk pGefYOD;wDxGifol pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&SifawGtwGuf tcGifhtcgaumif;awG
vnf; &Sdaeygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHu tcktcgrSm tjzLa&mifydwfpwpfckvdkygyJ/ vdkovdk
yHkazmfEdkifygw,f}}vdkY oluajymygw,f/
'ghjyif jrefrmEdkifiHu rdkbkdif;toHk;jyKolawGudk ynm&yftrsKd;rsKd;oifMum;ay;oifh
w,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
aemufxyf tcuftcJwpfcu
k awmh vkyif ef;awGxu
J kd xnf&h r,fh zGUH NzKd ;rI &efyakH iG udpe YJ
tGefvdkif;pBuefudk toHk;jyKae&wJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGudk axmufyHhay;zdkYygyJ/ 'g[m
tdkifwDpwif xGef;um;vmwJh tajctaerSm xifwdkif;ra&muf c&D;rayguf&wJh taMumif;
tcsuf wpfckvnf; jzpfygw,f/
]]uRefawmfh tjrifajym&&if 'gu tcsdefa&m pdwf&SnfrIa&m &if;xm;&wm/ uRefawmfwdkY
u vlawGMum;rSm xif&Sm;vmzdkYtwGuf rdkbkdif;ref;eD;pvl;&Sif;vdkrsKd; wcsKdUae&mawG
rSm pdwf&SnfzdkY vdkygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY tck tdkifwDavmurSm a'ghpfawGudk pwif
csdwfqufvmEdkifygNyD}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/ g jraucdkif bmomjyefonf/

udck ikd v
f if; (0Jr)S 'kw,
d vlukd qk&olrsm;ESifh awGU&pOf/

"mwfykH oD&v
d l

jrefrmEdik if H uGeyf sLwmtoif;csKyOf u| OD;cGeOf ;D udk awGU&pOf/

stuart.becker@gmail.com

rkb
d idk ;f zke;f ok;H pGrJ I wGifus,fvmwJh
,aeY acwfumvrSm jrefrmbmomeJY
a&;xm;wJh tyvDau;&Sif;awG
ykdrkdxGef;um;vmatmif ,leDukwf
(unicode) ukdom tav;xm;okH;Mu
zkdY tpkd;&u OD;aqmifwkdufwGef;oifh
w,fvkdY jrefrmEkdifiHuGefysLwm
toif;csKyf (Myanmar Computer
Federation) Ou| OD;cGefOD;u
jrefrmwkdif;(rf)ukd ,ckv
tapmykdif;u ajymcJhygw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiHrSm wpfEkdifiHvkH;
rkdbkdif;zkef; okH;pGJrIEIef;[m 2012
ckESpfrSm udk;&mckdifEIef;om &Sd&mu
2015 ckESpfrSmawmh 50 &mckdifEIef;
txd us,fjyefYvmcJhwJhtjyif
awma&m? NrdKUygrusef qufoG,fa&;
t& uGm[csuf ododomom enf;yg;
vmygw,f/ 'Dvkdwkd;wuf
vmwm[m jynfyu qufoG,f
a&;ukrPDESpfckjzpfwJh w,fvDaemeJY
tl&D'l;ukd jrefrmEkdifiHrSm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHzkdY
tpkd;&u cGifhjyKvkdufwmtjyif EkdifiH
ykdif trfyDwDuvnf; *syefEkdifiHu
au'D'Dtkdif ukrPDeJY yl;aygif;
aqmif&GufaewmaMumifh jzpfw,f
vkdY OD;cGefOD;u axmufjyygw,f/
'Dvkd us,fjyefYvmwmeJYtwl
rkdbkdif;zkef;okH;pGJolawG[m zkef;ukd
pum;ajymud&d,m wpfcktjzpf
om okH;pGJwm r[kwfawmhbJ
owif;tcsuftvuf&,l jzefYjzL;a&;?
azsmfajza&;wkdYtwGufyg
okH;pGJvmMuwmyg/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm
vlOD;a&trsm;pk[m aus;vufa'o
rSm aexkdifMuwm jzpfwmaMumifh
ukd,feJYruGm tjrJygavh&SdwJh
rkdbkdif;zkef;[m tJ'DvlOD;a&qD owif;
tcsuftvufawG jrefjrefeJY xdxd
a&mufa&muf jzefYjzL;zkdY taumif;qkH;
ud&d,mjzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh jrefrm

"mwfykH ZmenfNzKd ;

bmomeJY a&;xm;wJh rkdbkdif;zkef;okH;


tufyvDau;&Sif;awG ododomom
enf;yg;aewJhtcsuf[m
owif;tcsuftvufawGukd
aus;vufaejynfolawGqD ta&muf
jzefYjzL;zkdY tm;xkwf&mrSm MuHK&wJh
t"du tcuftcJwpfckjzpfygw,f/
aemufMuHK&wJh tcuftcJwpf&yfu
awmh rkdbkdif;zkef;okH;pGJolawG[m zkef;rSm
jrefrmbmompum;eJY tokH;jyKcsif&if
aZmf*sDazmifhwpfckwnf;ukdom wGifwGif
us,fus,f okH;Ekdifw,fqkdwJhtcsuf
jzpfygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiH[m pD;yGm;a&;
ta&;,lydwfqkdYrI cHcJh&wJh umvawGrSm
jrefrmuGefysLwmynm&SifawG[m
tifwmeufrSm jrefrmpmtokH;jyK
a&;om;Ekdifatmif aZmf*sDazmifhukd
zefwD;cJhwmvkdY OD;cGefOD;u &Sif;jy
ygw,f/ 'gayrJh aZmf*sDazmifhukd
zefwD;xm;wJh enf;vrf;[m EkdifiH
wumokH; azmifhawGtwGuf
owfrSwfxm;wJh ukwfpHEIef;awGeJY
vkdufavsmnDaxG rjzpfwmaMumifh
jrefrmbmompum; tGefvkdif;ay:rSm
us,fjyefYvma&;twGuf,leDukwf
ukdyJ tokH;jyKoifhw,fvkdY OD;cGefOD;u
qkdygw,f/
]]uRefawmfuawmh ,leDukwfukd
tokH;jyKzkdYyJ wkdufwGef;w,f/
bmaMumifhvJ qkdawmh jrefrm
bmompum; zGHUNzdK;a&;twGuf
qkd&if ,leDukwfukd tokH;jyKzkdY
txl;ta&;BuD;vkdYyJ}}vkdY OD;cGefOD;u
qkdygw,f/
aZmf*sDazmifh[m okH;pGJolawGMum;rSm
ESpfumv tawmfMumMumuwnf;u
a&yef;pm;cJhwmaMumifh zkef;awGrmS tJ'D
azmifu
h ydk J tok;H jyKaeMuwmjzpfaMumif;?
'gayrJh 'Dazmifh[m EkdifiHwumpHEIef;
awGeJY rnDwmaMumifh a&&SnfrSmawmh
tokH;jyKzkdYrjzpfEkdifaMumif; olu ajymyg
w,f/ 'ghjyif jrefrmuGefysLwmynm
&SifawG[m aqmhzf0JawG a&;wJhtcg

EkdifiHwumpHEIef;awGukd tav;xm;zkdY
ta&;BuD;w,fqkdwmukd owdcsyf&rSm
jzpfw,fvkdYvnf; qkdygw,f/
,leDukwfukd tpkd;&XmeawGrSmom
ru jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;u
e,fy,ft&yf&yfrSmyg tokH;jyKoifh
wmaMumifh ,leDukwf okH;pGJa&;ukd
EkdifiHawmfu OD;aqmif vkyfukdifoifh
w,fqkdwmukd trfpDtufzfu
tpkd;&xH wifjyxm;w,fvkdY olu
qkdygw,f/ ,leDukwfukd tokH;jyKwJh
e-government pepf xGef;um;
vm&if ,leDukwfokH;pGJrIu us,fus,f
jyefYjyefY ae&m,loGm;vdrfhr,fvkdY
OD;cGefOD;u arQmfvifhxm;ygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwkdY wpfaeYrSmawmh ,leD
ukwfukdyJ okH;wJhpepfukd ajymif;vJ
EkdifrSmyg/ 'gayrJh wpfESpf?
ESpfESpfavmufawmh apmifh&vdrfh
r,f}}vkdY olu qkdygw,f/
,leDukwfukd tajccHwJh
owif;tcsuf tvufenf;ynm
tajccHaumif;awG &Sdxm;wm[m
jrefrmEkdifiH pD;yGm;a&; bufpkH
wkd;wufrItwGuf ta&;ygw,fvkdY
oluqkdygw,f/ OD;cGefOD;
wm0ef,laqmif&Guf aewJh
trfpDtufzftzGJU[m owif;tcsuf
tvufenf;ynmqkdif&m rl0g'awGukd
tpkd;&xH wifjywm? tkdifpDwDqkdif&m
Oya'awG a&;qGJwm? jyifqifzkdY
tMuHjyKwmawGukd t"duxm;
vkyfaqmifaeygw,f/
'ghjyif jrefrmEkdifiHrSm tkdifpDwD
vkyfief;[m pkdufysKd;a&;u@
vkdyJ 0ifaiGtwGuf
ta&;ygwJhvkyfief;wpfck jzpfvmNyD;
EkdifiH&JU *sD'DyDjrifhwifay;
EkdifwJh toufaoG;aMumwpfck
jzpfvmatmif trfpDtufzfu
BudK;pm;aew,fvkdY OD;cGefOD;u
qkdygw,f/ g
oufvIdif bmomjyefonf/

AD'D,dkzdkifawGvdkrsKd; bef0pfofjrifhwJh
zdkifawGudk ydkNyD;oHk;vmMuw,f/ 'guyJ
tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGif;rSm vmr,fh
trsm;jynfoloGm;vm&mae&mawGrSm
ig;ESpftwGif; rkdbkdif;tifwmeufoHk;pGJrI[m 0dkifzdkifudk ajymif;vJtoHk;jyKzdkY
wpfESpfudk 50 &mcdkifEIef;txd jrifhwufvm vdktyfcsufwpfck jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
zG,f&Sdygw,fvdkY qpudku rSef;xm;ygw,f/
]]NrdKUv,faumifvdk vlpnfum;&m
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm rkdbkdif; tifwmeuf
ae&mawGrSm 0dkifzdkifudk b,fvdk
toHk;jyKrI qufvufjrifhwufvmjcif;eJY
jzefYMuufay;rvJ qdkwmudk pOf;pm;ae
twl qpudktifwmeuf pepf&JU Xmae
ygw,f/ 'gu rdkbkdif;zkef;toHk;jyKol&JU
udk,fpm;vS,fu xdkif;EdkifiHrSm taumif
pdwful;t& taumiftxnfay:
txnfazmfcJhovdkyJ 0dkifzdkifudk
vmrSmyg}}vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
ukefwdkufBuD;awGvdkrsKd; trsm;jynfol
tar&duefEdkifiH u,fvDzdk;eD;,m;
oGm;vmtoHk;jyK&m ae&mawGrSm
jynfe,f qef*sKdUpfNrdKUrSm Hk;pdkufwJh
wGifus,fpGmtoHk;jyKEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;oGm;
r,fvdkY tmrcHvdkufygw,f/
rdkbkdif;uGef&ufudk uefYowfxm;rI
awGaMumifh ukefwdkufBuD;awGvdk vlpnf
um;&m ae&mawGrSm o&D;*sDpepfudk
toHk;jyKzdkY rvG,fulbJ jzpfae&w,fvdkY
&efukeftajcpdkuf qpudkpD;yGm;a&;
zGHUNzdK;rIukrPDrefae*sm OD;pdkif;0rfu ajymyg
w,f/ 'gaMumifh ukefwdkufBuD;awGu
0dkifzdkifpepfudk toHk;jyKzdkY ydkrdkESpfouf
qpudk[m 2015 ckESpfrSm a':vm
vmMuw,fvdkY oluqdkygw,f/
49 bDvsH 0ifaiG&&SdcJhNyD; urmwpf0ef;
]]Oyrm xdkif;rSmqdk&if ukefwdkuf
uGef&uftaqmufttHkeJY tifwmeuf
awGvdkrsKd; vlpnfum;&mae&mawGrSm
qufoG,frIpepfqdkif&m pufypnf;
0dkifzdkifudk wGifwGifus,fus,f oHk;Muw,f/ a&mif;csrIuae tjrwftpGef;
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh vlawGtrsm;BuD;u rsm;pGm&&SdaewJh ukrPDBuD;awGxJu
o&D;*sD oHk;wJhtcg vdkif;qGJtm; rEdkifwm
wpfcktygt0if jzpfygw,f/
aMumifhyg}}vdkY oluajymw,f/
]]zdkufbmwl[krf; aps;uGuf[m
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU NrdKUBuD;awGrSm
qufvufjrifhwufaeOD;rSmyg/ a':vm
axmifcsDwJh prwfzkef;toHk;jyKolawG
50 avmuf oHk;EdkifwJh olwdkif; zkef;wpfvHk;
twGuf o&D;*sDeJY zdk;*sDuGef&ufoHk;
ydkifqdkifEdkifwmrdkY rdkbkdif;zkef;[m
rdkbdkif;wm0gawG toHk;jyKcsdefupvdkY
pD;yGm;a&;wpfckvdk ta&;ygw,fvdkY
stuart.becker@gmail.com

Written and prepared by


S.A. Becker

Photographers Aung Khant, Zar


Ni Phyo, Thiri Lu, Aung Htay Hlaing,
Naing Win Tun.

Translators Thet Hlaing, Mya Kay


Khine, Khin Moe Wai, Thiri Min Htun,
Zar Zar Soe, Kyawt Darli Linn, Zaw
Zaw Htwe, Sandar Lwin,
Myint Myat Thu

Contributor Perrie Briskin


Editors Myo Lwin, Wade Guyitt
Sub editor Mya Kay Khine Soe
Cover photograph Staff
Cover design Ko Htway
Page layout Ko Khin Zaw,
MTM (DTP)

For feedback and enquiries,


please contact
stuart.becker@gmail.com

&efuek t
f ajcpdu
k f qpukd pD;yGm;a&;
zGUH NzKd ;rI ukrP
rD efae*smOD;pdik ;f 0rf/

ajymvdkY&ygw,f/ 'gayrJh rdkbkdif;zkef;


uGef&ufay:rSm bPfcGJwpfckvdkrsKd;awmh
tvkyfvkyfvdkY r&Edkifygbl;/
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh zkef;vdkif;awGu
,HkMunftm;xm;&rI r&Sdwmtjyif
0,fvdktm;udk xdef;xm;EdkifrSm
r[kwfvdkYygyJ/ bPfcGJwpfck&JU
vkyfaqmifcsufudk ususee vkyfEdkifzdkY
uRefawmfwdkY vdkif;aumif;zdkY vdkygw,f/
tjcm;EdkifiHawGrSmawmh zdkifbmeJYjzpfjzpf
at'Dtufpft,fvf vdkif;eJYjzpfjzpf
tjrefqHk; vkyfaqmifEdkifMuygNyD}}vdkY

OD;pdkif;0rfu ajymygw,f/
qpudku Apfql&,fuGef&uf
tif'ufpfudk ESpfpOfwnfaqmufaeNyD;
a'owpfckcsif;pDtwGuf ysrf;rQ
pufypnf;eJY wpfOD;csif;a'wm
toHk;jyKrIawGyg0ifwJh ysrf;rQ a'wm
toHk;jyKrIawGudk avhvmaeygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYuawmh tm&Sypdzdwf
a'otwGif;rSm rdkbdkif;a'wm toHk;jyKrI
[m vmr,fh ig;ESpf twGif;rSm wpfESpfudk
50 &mcdkifEIef; xufru jrifhwufvmOD;
r,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ 'ghjyif rdkbkdif;a'wm
toH;k jyKrI 75 &mcdik Ef eI ;f [m AD',
D zkd ikd t
f oH;k
jyKrIawG jzpfvmvdrfhr,f}}vdkYoluqdkw,f/
qpudku tcktcgrSm refusnf;yifpk
qdkwJhaus;&Gmav;rSm a&oefYpifa&;pDrHcsuf
tygt0if a':vm 80000 wef pDrHudef;
awGudk axmufyHhay;aeygw,f/ 'ghjyif
apwemhq&m0ef? olemjyKawG yg0ifwJh
tzGJUtpnf;wpfckudk wnfaxmifNyD;
EIwfcrf;uGJ? tmacgifuGJ uav; 92
OD;udk apwemxm; cGJpdwfuko ay;cJhNyD;
jzpfygw,f/
]]pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckudk
wnfaqmufwJhae&mrSm ynm&yfydkif;
qdkif&m tcuftcJuawmh &SdwmygyJ/
'gayrJh wjcm;wpfzufrSmawmh EdkifiH&JU
zGHUNzdK;rIudk 'Denf;eJYtultnD ay;Edkifyg
w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;
vrf;aMumif;udk qufvufavQmufvSrf;
aer,fqdk&ifawmh pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufzdkY
uRefawmfwdkY qufvkyfEdkifrSmyg}}vdkY
OD;pdkif;0rfu qkdygw,f/ g
jraucdkif bmomjyefonf/

10

10

qrfaqmif;qd&k if urmph rwfzek ;f aps;uGurf mS tufyv


J f
&JU tdkifzkef;eJY xdyfwdkuf,SOfNydKifaewJh awmifudk&D;,m;
rdkbdkif;ukrPDBuD;tjzpf odMurSmyg/
qrfaqmif;&JU jrefrmjynf aps;uGufcsJUxGifa&;
acgif;aqmif rav;&Sm;vlrsKd; &pfcswfqD;u jrefrm
EdkifiHrSm rsufESmjyifMuD;NyD; AD'D,dkpepftom;ay;wJh
zkef;awG rsm;vmw,fvdkY oHk;oyfygw,f/
&efukefrSm tm;aumif;aumif; a'ocHtzGJUwpfckeJY
yl;aygif;vkyfudkifaewJh a'oqdkif&maps;uGufcsJUxGif
a&; acgif;aqmif rpwmqD;u jrefrmjynfolawG[m
rdkbdkif;ud&d,mawGrSm rsufESmjyifBuD;wmudk ESpfouf
vmaeMuNyDvdkY qdkygw,f/
]]tckjrefrmEdkifiHrSm rsufESmjyifBuD;wmawG BudKuf
Muw,f/ jrefrmjynfolawGu prwfzkef;awGeJY vlrI
uGef&ufay:u qdkufawGwufNyD; kyf&SifawG ,lusK
AD'D,dkawG MunfhvmMuNyDvdkY}} trftdkifpDwDu olY&JU
Hk;cef;xJrSmvkyfwJh tifwmAsL;rSm oluajymygw,f/
jrefrmEdik if H qrfaqmif;H;k cGu
J kd 2013 rSm rpwmqD;
a&mufvmcJhNyD; xkwfukefawGtvdkuf AsL[mtrsKd;rsKd;eJY
aps;uGufudk csOf;uyfaecJhygw,f/
qrfaqmif;u aps;
tenf;qHk; 24000
usyfwef zD;csm;zkef;
(prwfzkef;xuf pGrf;
aqmif&nf edrfhaom
zkef;) uae aps;trsm;
qH;k usyf 990000 wef
urmh yxrqH;k rsuEf mS
jyif tem;ESpfxyfzkef;
Galaxy S6 Edge+

txd aps;EIef; tpm;


pm; &Sdovdk wufbvufawG? udk,frSm0wfqif&wJh
ud&d,mawGvnf; xGufygao;w,f/
]]rdkbdkif;ukefypnf;xkwfol wpfa,muftaeeJY
uRefawmfwdkYtm;omwJh tcsufawGxJu wpfcku
ukefxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;pOftm;vHk;udk xdef;csKyfxm;
Edkifwmyg/ ukefypnf;wpfckjzpfvmzdkY tptqHk;
tukefvHk; uRefawmfwdkYxkwfvkyfygw,f/ vkyfief;pOf
wpfckvHk; uRefawmfwdkYvkyfwJhtwGuf ypnf;wpfck
aps;uGufxJa&mufzdkY Mumcsdefudk uRefawmfwdkY tjynfh
t0 xdef;csKyfxm;Edkifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYrSm
ukefypnf;awG qef;opfaeapzdkYtwGuf prf;oyfcef;
awG? okawoeeJYtqifhjrifhwifa&; pifwmawG urm
wpfvTm;rSm&Sdygw,f}}vdkYoluqdkygw,f/
qrfaqmif;&JU aemufxyfvuPm
wpfcku oHk;pGJolawG bmudkvdkcsifvJ?
aemufNyD; zkef;a&G;cs,fwJhae&mrSm
q,fausmfoufawGeJY tvkyfcGifu
t&G,fa&mufNyD;olawGMum; bmawG
uGmoGm;vJ qdkwmawGudk em;vnfEdkifzdkY
aps;uGufokawoeudk OD;pm;ay;w,fvdkY
oluajymygw,f/
]]tem*wfrSm vlawGb,fvdk ud&d,m
rsKd;udk oHk;MurvJqdkwm uRefawmfwdkY
Munfhaew,f/ uRefawmfwdkY qrfaqmif;
trSww
f q
H yd q
f ikd f wpfqikd q
f ikd u
f kd cifAsm;
oGm;&if a&G;cs,pf &m ud&,
d mawG tukef
&Sdaewm awGY&vdrhfr,f/ b,ft&nf

taoG;udkvdkcsifwmvJ? aps;b,favmuf0ef;usifvJ?
refrdk&Dvm;? kyfxGufvm;? tjrefEIef;vm;? 'DZdkif;vm;?
uifr&mt&nftaoG;vm; bmudkt"du xm;csif
wmvJ? tJ'gawGtwGuf a&G;p&mawG trsm;BuD;
&Sdw,f}} vdkY oluqufajymygw,f/
qrfaqmif;rSm vuf&Sd a&mif;taumif;qHk;u
vGefcJhwJhESpfvupNyD; wpfurmvHk;udkjzefYcJhwJh Galaxy
Note 5 (jynfwi
G ;f aps;EIe;f 880000 usy)f jzpfygw,f/
qrfaqmif;[m urmhtBuD;qHk; wDADxkwfvkyfief;
wpfckvnf;jzpfNyD; urmhtqifhwpftjzpfeJY vGefcJhwJh
udk;ESpfqufwdkuf &yfwnfcJhygw,f/ wpfudk,f&nfoHk;
uGefysLwmawGudkvnf; xkwfayr,fh jrefrmEdkifiHudk
awmh rjzefYygbl;/
]]jrefrmjynfuvlawG tGev
f ikd ;f oH;k csi&f if prwfzek ;f
udkyJt&ifa&G;ygw,f/ tHhMop&mvdkawmh jzpfayr,fh
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm prwfzkef;acwfrjzpfcifwkef;u zD;csm;
zkef;awG trsm;BuD;ydka&mif;&r,fvdkY uRefawmfwdkY
xifcJhwm}} vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
rdkbdkif;atmfya&wmtaeeJY trfyDwDwpfckwnf;
&SdNyD; qif;uwfawGvnf; aps;BuD;aeqJjzpfwJh vGefcJhwJh
ESpfESpfrSmawmif oHk;pGJolawGu aiGaMu;omwwfEdkif
r,fqdk&if prwfzkef;awGudkyJ 0,fjzpfMurSmyg/
rpwmqD;u jrefrmjynfuoHk;pGJolawG[m olwdkY
zkef;awGudk ay:vmwJh armf',ftopfawGeJYvJzdkY
pdwf0ifpm;Muwmudk qrfaqmif;u 'DrSmaps;uGuf
csJUxGif&if; owdjyKrdw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/ 'gayrJh
prwfzkef;eJY tifwmeufudk ckrSpoHk;Munfhr,fh oHk;pGJol

11

qrfaqmif;ukrP
\
D aps;uGuXf merSL;
&pfcswpf ;D udk MICT Park &Sd qrfaqmif;H;k wGif
d l
awGU&pOf/ "mwfykH oD&v
topfawGudkvnf; rMumcP MuHKawGU&ygao;
w,fwJh/
]]prwfzkef;wpfvHk;udk ydkxdxda&mufa&muftoHk;
csEdkifzdkY tcsuftvufawGudk uRefawmfwdkYqufoG,f
a&;uGef&ufawGrSm tjrJrQa0aeygw,f/ jrefrm
oHk;pGJolawmfawmfrsm;rsm;twGuf azhpfbGwfcf oHk;wm
a&m? tGefvdkif;oHk;wma&m tm;vHk;u yxrqHk;tBudrf
aygh/ udk,fbmawG vkyfaewmvJ udk,fhzkef;u
wu,fwrf; bmawGpGrf;aqmifEdkifvJqdkwmawmif
rodaumif;rodr,fo
h al wG rsm;w,f}} vdYk rpwmqD;u
qufajymygw,f/
qrfaqmif;&JU jrefrmjynfaps;uGuf csJUxGifa&;
AsL[m wpfpdwfwpfydkif;tjzpf udk,fydkifvlrIuGef&uf
wpfckjyKvkyfxm;NyD; xkwfukefawGeJYywfoufvdkY
pGrf;aqmif&nfawG vkyfaqmifyHkawGudk oHk;pGJolawGeJY
qufo,
G f okyjf yaeovdk toH;k jyKenf;topfawGukd
vnf; em;vnfvmatmif ulnDay;aeygw,f/
]]qrfaqmif; trSwfwHqdyfudk t"duxm;wJh
brand campaign wpfck uRefawmfwdkYvkyfygw,f/
qrfaqmif; tqifhjrifh trSwfwHqdyfwpfckjzpfzdkY
xkwfvkyfwJhukefypnf;awGt&a&m trSwfwHqdyf
t&yg enf;AsL[mawG uRefawmfwdkYrSm &Sdygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkYvdkcsifwmu aps;EIef;wpfckwnf;aMumifh
r[kwfbJ qrfaqmif;qdkwJhukefypnf;wpfckudk vdkcsif
wJhpdwfjzpfvmwmrsKd;yg }} vdkY olu qufajymyg
w,f/
Interbrand ua&G;cs,fwJh urmhxdyfqHk; trSwf
wHqdyf 10 ckxJrSm qrfaqmif;qufwdkuf &yfwnf
aecJhygw,f/ ]]uRefawmfwdkY urmheHygwfckepfae&m
rSm&Sdaewm 'g'kwd,ESpfqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkYyef;wdkif
udk eD;aeygNyD}} vdkYoluajymygw,f/
qrfaqmif;[m 1938 ckESpfrSm
jynfwiG ;f [if;oD; [if;&Guf vkyif ef;
awGeJY ukefoG,fwJh ukrPDwpfck
tjzpf pwifcNhJ y;D aemufyikd ;f w,fvD
AD;&Sif;awGxkwfwJh ae&mrSm emrnf
BuD;vmcJhygw,f/ 1969 ckESpfrSm
vQyfppfukrPD (Samsung Electronics) tjzpf jyefvnfwnfaxmifcJh
NyD; tck&Sdqdk&if ukrPDwnfaxmif
cJhwm 46 ESpfausmf &SdcJhygNyD/
]]enf;ynmvkyfief;awG vkyf

udkifwJh urmhukrPDwpfckjzpfwJhtwGuf aps;uGuf?


jzefYcsda&;? ta&mif;? ukefypnf;? vlom;t&if;tjrpf
b,fbufuyJjzpfjzpf tm;vH;k ud,
k u
f a&SUa&mufaezdYk
vdyk gw,f/ qrfaqmif;rSm 'DtavhtxBu;D xGm;vmae
ovdk uRefawmfwdkYtaumif;qHk;vkyfzdkY vdkygw,f}} vdkY
oluqdkygw,f/
zdtm;rsm;wJh ywf0ef;usifrSm vlwdkif;rvkyfEdkifwJh
taMumif;udkvnf; rpwmqD;u ]]pdefac:rIudk
BudKuf&ifawmh qrfaqmif;udkvmyg/ tjrJBuD;xGm;
aewJh aps;uGuftaetxm;rSm b,fvdkaps;uGuf
xGifrvJ? oHk;pGJolawGudkb,fvdkqufoG,frvJ qdkwm
u tNydKiftqdkifrsm;wJh vkyfief;u@wpfckrSm
aomhcsufygyJ}} vdkY qdkygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYtm;omwmu tv,ftvwfwef;
eJY tjrifw
h ef;prwfzek ;f awGzufrmS yg/ 'gayrJh uReaf wmfwYkd
twef;tm;vHk;eJY ,SOfNydKifygw,f/ qrfaqmif;tzdkY
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHvdkufwJh EdkifiHwdkif;rSm eHygwfwpfjzpfEdkif
r,fh tpOftvmwpfck tckdiftrm&Sdygw,f/ ukef
ypnf; trsKd;tpm;wdkif;rSm uRefawmfwdkYeHygwfwpf
jzpfcsifygw,f/ 'guRefawmfwdkY&nfrSef;csufyg}} vdkY
oluqdkygw,f/
b,fEdkifiHrSmyJjzpfjzpf urmhHk;csKyfu aemufuae
tjynfht0 axmufyHhaewmu aemuftm;omcsuf
wpfckygvdkYvnf; oluajymygao;w,f/
]]aps;uGufxJrSm uRefawmfwdkYukefypnf;awGu
aemufqHk;ay:ygyJ/ jrefrmEdkifiH aps;uGufu BuD;xGm;
vmaeNyD qdk&ifawmif e,l;a,mhcfrSm ypnf;wpfck
jzef Y w ,f q d k & if
jref rm Edkif iH rSm

vnf; wpfywf
twGif; jzefYyg
w,f/ wpfurm
vHk;u aps;uGuf
xJudk wpfjydKif
wnf; ydkYEdkifzdkY
uRefawmfwdkY BudK;
pm;ygw,f}} vdkY
olu qdkygw,f/
aemufqHk;taeeJY rpwmqD;u qrfaqmif;&JU
aemufqHk;ay:ypnf;udk vkdcsifwJhtcg EdkifiHjcm;udk
oGm;0,fp&mrvdkbJ jrefrmEdkifiHrSmwif tm;vHk;&Edkif
w,fqdkwJh taMumif;udkvnf; 'Dvdkajymygao;w,f/
]]vGefcJhwJh ESpfvwkef;u Galaxy Note 5 udk
uRefawmfwdkYjzefYcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefeJY vHk;0wpfNydKif
wnf; pifumylrSm jzefYygw,f/ &efukefrSmqdk&ifvnf;
vSnf;wef;vrf;qHkudk reuf 4 em&DcGJrSm vlawG
a&mufvmNyD; uRefawmfwdkYypnf;udk0,fzdkY vmwef;pD
aeygNyD/ tJ'gu Mo*kwfvukefuyg/}} g
ausmh'gvDvif; bmomjyefonf/

11

12

stuart.becker@gmail.com

stuart.becker@gmail.com

jrefrmEdkifiH&JU qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;
e,fy,feJYywfouf&if owif;tpHkqHk;
vluawmh OD;aZmfrif;OD;yg/
olu MTI bkwftzGJU0if? MCF taxG
axGtwGif; a&;r;? UMFCCI tvkyftrI
aqmif aumfrwD0ifvnf; jzpfygw,f/
trf w D t d k i f u OD ; aZmf r if ; OD ; wd k Y
vkyaf zmfuikd zf ufwpfp[
k m pwkwa jrmuf
rdkbdkif;atmfya&wmtzGJUrSm yg0ifEdkifzdkY
twGuf wwfEdkiforQtm;vHk;udk aqmif
&GufaeMuygw,f/
tzGJUopf[m twdkifyifcHa&G;cs,fzdkY
wif'gac:,lNyD;wJhtcg yPmrpm&if;
a&G;cs,fum ndEIdif;rIawG vkyfrSmjzpfNyD;
trfwDtdkif[m ckuwnf;u ,SOfNydKifae
NyDvdkY OD;aZmfrif;OD;uqdkygw,f/ vkyfief;
pOfuawmh tpdk;&u t&ifatmfya&wm
awG? rdwfzufvkyfief;awGudk a&G;cs,f
wkef;ueJYtwlwlygyJvdkY oluqufajym
ygw,f/
pwkw rdkbdkif;atmfya&wmae&m
twGuf vdkifpif&zdkY BudK;pm;aewm
trfwDtdkif tygt0if trsm;ydkifukrPD
pkkpkaygif; 11 ck&Sdygw,f/ rdkbdkif; aiGaMu;
pepfawGxrJ mS qufo,
G af &;vkyif ef;awG
u OD;pD;r,fh rdkbdkif;aiGaMu;[m jrefrm
EdkifiHrSm atmifjrifzdkY tvm;tvm
t&SdqHk;yJvdkY OD;aZmfrif;OD;uqdkygw,f/
]]2011 rSm qufoG,fa&;Oya'opf
twGuf jyifqifaeuwnf;u uRefawmf
wdYk t"duOD;wnfwmu yk*v
u
d vkyif ef;
awGudk qufoG,fa&;vkyfief;xJrSm yg0if
aqmif&GufcGifhay;zkdYyg/ tJ'D rwdkifcif
uawmh tpdk;&vkyfief;yJ &Sdygw,f/
tJ'Daemuf tl&D'l;eJY w,fvDaemwdkY
0ifa&mufvmwmeJYtwl rdkbdkif; acwf
opfwpfckudk pwifcJhygw,f}} vdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
jrefrmh rdkbdkif;wpfacwfrSm enf;ynm
awGvnf; t&Sdeft[kefeJY wdk;wufae
w,fqdkwm jiif;r&wJhtcsufvdkY OD;aZmf
rif;OD;u qdkygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYrpcifwkef;u 'DZdkif;
aumif;aumif;eJYzkef;awG trsm;BuD;
a&mif;&r,fvdkY wGufcJhwm/ 'gayrJh
vlrIuGef&ufawGoHk;Edkifr,fh prwfzkef;
awGukd vltrsm;pkua&G;0,fMuwm awGUcJh
&w,f / quf o G , f a &;vI d i f ; xJ u d k
uGefawmfwdkY wdkufdkuf ckef0ifaew,f
qdkwJh t"dym,faygh}}vdkY olu qdkyg
w,f/
wpfzufrSmvnf; jrefrmawGtaeeJY
owif;tcsuftvufawG oHk;pGJvmEdkifrI
tay: tcsdefawGudk jzKef;wD;r,fhtpm;
udk,fhb0udk wdk;wufatmif toHk;jyK
wwfzdkY ynmay;rIawGvkyfzdkYvdktyfae
w,fvdkY OD;aZmfrif;OD;u oHk;oyfygw,f/
]]rdkbdkif;zkef;tifwmeuf oHk;pGJyHkeJY
ywfoufNyD; jynfolawGudk *kwpdkuf

trfwt
D ikd f tzJUG om;rsm; 0Jr(S ,m)odYk OD;atmifatmif? OD;rif;OD;? OD;xifatmifcikd ?f
OD;aZmfrif;OD;/ "mwfykH atmifaX;vIid f
uRefawmfwdkY ynmay;oifhygw,f/
'DvdkrSr[kwf&if jynfolawGtwGuf
'g[m jyemwpfckqdk&ifvnf; [kwfyg
w,f}}vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
rdkbdkif;tifwmeuf[m e,fpyfa'o
awGbufudk aygufa&mufrIenf;aeay
r,fh vlOD;a&&JU 70 &mcdkifEIef;avmufudk
awmh vTrf;jcHKxm;EdkifNyDvdkY olu
qkdygw,f/
olYtjrift & jref rmbmomoH k ;
aqmh z f 0 J a wG zef w D ; Ed k i f z d k Y u vnf ;
tem*wftwGuf t"dupdefac:rIwpfck
jzpfygw,f/
]]aps;uGufxJrSm jrefrmbmomoHk;
tufyvDau;&Sif;awG awmfawmfav;
enf;ygw,f/ tufyvDau;&Sif; trsm;pk
u t*Fvyd v
f jkd zpfaew,f? *l;*Jvu
f awmh
bmomjyefrItydkif; axmufyHhay;ayr,fh
100 &mcdkifEIef; rwdusao;ygbl;}} vdkY
oluqdkygw,f/
trfwDtdkifudk 2012 rSm ukrPD 87 ck
eJYpwifzGJUpnf;cJhNyD; vuf&SdrSm bkwf
tzGJU0ifawGtjzpf ukrPDydkif&Sif 11 OD;
u wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygw,f/
tGefvdkif;eJY rdkbdkif;aiGay;acsrIqdkif&m
0efaqmifrIawGudk aqmif&GufaewJh
Myanmar Payment Solutions Services
(MPSS) udk trfwDtdkifu ydkifqdkifwm
jzpfygw,f/ wpfzef trfyDtufpftufpf
[mvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;bPf&JU
rdkbdkif;aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI vkyfief;cGJ
663 udk enf;ynmydkif; 0efaqmifrI
ay;aewm jzpfygw,f/
bPfpepfo;kH trsK;d tpm;? zke;f uGe&f uf
oHk;trsKd;tpm;eJY Paypal vdkrsKd; wwd,
tkypf k trsK;d tpm; qdNk y;D rdb
k ikd ;f aiGaMu;yHpk H
oH k ; rsKd ; &S d w ,f v d k Y OD ; aZmf r if ; OD ; u
qdkygw,f/
]]uRefawmfu wwd,tkyfpk trsKd;
tpm;udk BuKd uaf yr,fh Oyrmtmz&durSm
atmifjrifrIt&qHk;u zkef;uGef&ufoHk;
trsKd;tpm; jzpfaew,f/ 'gu rdkbdkif;

aiGaMu;twGuf aomhcsufaygh? 'Drdkbdkif;


aiGaMu;pepfudk wyfqifwJhtcg ta&;
tBuD;qHk;u udk,fh&JUuGef&ufyJ}}vdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
]]atmfya&wmu aiGjznfu
h wfawGukd
wpfEdkifiHvHk; tESHYjzefYxm;r,f/ tJ'Du
ydkufqHudk aiGom;tjzpfxkwfvdkY&r,f/
aiGxkwfaiGoGif; vkyfzdkYtwGufqdk&if
vufcGJqdkifawG &Sdr,f/ bPfeJYrwlbl;}}
vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
bPfpepfoHk; trsKd;tpm;uawmh
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm toHk;jyKaeNyDvdkY olu
ajymygw,f/
]]'DeJYaps;uGufqifwlwJh EdkifiHawGrSm
zkef;uGef&ufoHk; trsKd;tpm;u tatmif
jrifqHk;yJ/ 'DvdkaiGvTJajymif;Edkifr,fqdk&if
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf odyfaumif;ygw,f/
udk,fhrSm oifhwifhwJhrdkbdkif;aiGaMu;pepf
&Sdxm;&if arSmifcdkaps;uGuf&efudkvnf;
umuG,fEdkifr,f}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
jrefrmjynfol 90 &mcdkifEIef;u bPf
pepfudk roHk;Mubl;vdkY udkaZmfrif;OD;u
qkdygw,f/
tpdk;&uomcGifhjyK&if zkef;uGef&ufoHk;
aiGaMu;pepf 'grSr[kwf wwd,tkyfpk
aiGaMu;pepfawGu ydkrdkvG,fulNyD;
ydkatmifjrifr,fvdkY oluajymjyygw,f/
wjcm;tzGJU0ifawGuawmh OD;atmif
atmif? OD;rif;OD;eJY OD;xifatmifcdkifwdkY
jzpfNyD; tm;vHk;u tdkifpDwDynm&SifawG
jzpfygw,f/ trfwDtdkif0ufbfqdkuf&JU
b@ma&;r;jzpfwJh OD;rif;OD;[m tzGJU
0ifaygif; 13000 eJYzGJUpnf;xm;wJh
&efuek w
f ikd ;f a'oBu;D uGeyf sLwmynm&Sif
rsm;toif;&JU Ou|jzpfygw,f/ 'ghjyif
tzGJU0if 15000 yg0ifwJh jrefrm
uGefysLwmynm&Sifrsm;toif;&JU yl;wGJ
Ou|eJY jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;
toif;&JU b@ma&;r;wdkYtjzpfvnf;
wm0efxrf;aqmifaeygw,f/
]]jrefrmjynfrmS rdb
k ikd ;f wpfacwf trSef
pmrsufESm 15 odkY

{&m0wDwidk ;f a'oBuD;? &ckdifjynfe,ftjyif


rGefjynfe,feJY yJcl;wkdif;a'oBuD;wkdYrSm
trsm;pk&w
dS hJ qkid cf aJG ygif; 430 eJt
Y wl jrefrm
Ekid if o
H m;awGukd aiGay;acsr0I efaqmifraI wG
ay;aewJh Myanmar Citizens Payment
Services [m v,f,mokH;pufypnf;awGeJY
"mwfajrMoZmawGukd a&mif;cswJh v,f,m
okH;ypnf;ta&mif;qkdifawGeJY v,form;
awGtMum;rSm zkef;uae aiGay;acsNyD;
a&mif;0,frItajrmuftjrm;ukd aqmif&Guf
ay;aeNyDjzpfygw,f/
zkef;eJY aiGay;acsrI0efaqmifrIopfukd
633 zkef;ykdufqHtrnfeJY jrefrmEkdifiHom;
rsm;bPfu {NyDvtwGif;rSm pwifaqmif
&GufcJhwmjzpfygw,f/
trftdkifpDwDyghcfrSm 663 zkef;ykdufqH
kH;csKyfwnf&SdNyD; 663 zkef;ykdufqH0efaqmif
rIukd a&SUajy;pDrHudef;tjzpf rwfvu pwif
aqmif&GufcJh&mrSm pDrHcefYcGJrIt&m&SdcsKyf
&mbD atab;pDuD;&mu ulnDaqmif&Guf
ay;cJhygw,f/ {NyDvrSm jrefrmEkdifiHawmf
A[kdbPfuae cGifhjyKcsuf&&SdcJhNyD;wJh
aemuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tjzpf tjynhft0
pwifcJhygw,f/
]]'gu rkdbkdif;bPfvkyfief;eJYbPfvkyf
ief; ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfckjzpfygw,f/
b,folrqkd 663 qkdifxJukd0ifNyD; rkdbkdif;
ykdufqHtdwftaumifhwpfck zGifhEkdifyg
w,f/ Ny;D &if 0,f,rl aI wGudk vkyEf idk yf gNy}D }vkYd
rpwm atab;pDuD;&mu ajymygw,f/
]]aiGay;acsrIawGukd vkyfay;wJh rkdbkdif;
ykdufqHtdwfwpfckaygh/ pnfyifom,m
tcGeftaumufawG? vQyfppftokH;jyKrI

ta&;ygwJh tufyvDau;
&Sif;uawmh aiGom;tm;vkH;
ukd tDvufx&Gef;epfykdufqH
tjzpfvkyfEkdifwJh aiGaMu;
qkdif&m a&mif;jcif; 0,fjcif;
awGygyJ/
twGuf aiGay;acsraI wGpwJh a&zk;d rD;zk;d awG
twGuv
f nf; tok;H jyKEidk yf gw,f/ 663 zke;f
ykdufqHtdwfeJY aps;qkdifawGrSm 0,f,lrIawG
ukv
d nf; jyKvyk Ef idk Nf y;D zke;f eHygwf&dS eHk YJ aiGay;
acsrIawGukd jyKvkyfEkdifygw,f/ aiGvufcHol
u taumifh&Sdp&m rvkdygbl;/
]]cifAsm;rSm 663 taumifhwpfck &Sdw,f
qkd&if cifAsm;&JU 663 ykdufqHtdwfxJukd aiG
awGwkdufkdufa&mufaer,f/ taumifh
r&Sdbl;qkd&ifawmh 663 qkdifxJukd0ifNyD;
yku
d q
f x
H w
k ,
f El idk w
f ,f}}vkYd rpwm atab;
pDuD;&mu ajymygw,f/
tajcckdifNyD; ,kHMunfEkdifwJh aps;qkdifawG
qkd&if 663 ukd,fpm;vS,fawGjzpfvmEkdifyg
w,fvkdY rpwm atab;pDuD;&mu ajymyg
w,f/
663 zkef;ykdufqH&JU aemuf0efaqmifrI
wpfckuawmh vpmaiGay;wmyg/ EkdifiH
twGif;u rwlnDwJhae&ma'oawGrSm
0efxrf;awGcefYtyfxm;wJh ukrPDawG[m
ukd,fpm;vS,fawGxHuae aiGawGukd &&Sd

Ekdifygw,f/
663&JU t"du ukd,fpm;vS,fuawmh
*Gwfb&m;om;pf ukrPDvDrdwufjzpfNyD;
'DukrPD[m aus;vufa'oawGrSm 663
ukd tm;tvGefaumif;vmatmif aqmif
&Guaf y;aew,fvYdk rpwm atab;pDu;D &m
u qkdygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwkdY wkd;jrifhaqmif&GufaewJh
ta&mif;t0,f trsdK;tpm;wpfckuawmh
t&pfusaiGay;acsrIygyJ}}vkdY olu quf
vufajymygw,f/
]]ulbkdwm 'grSr[kwf wjcm;wHqdyf
tao;pm;v,fxGefpufwpfpD;ukd wpfESpf
ta<u;-0,f,lrIpmcsKyfeJY0,fr,fqkd&if
0,fwJhtcgrSm 663 taumifheJY0,fEkdifNyD;
vpOfaiGay;acsrIukd 663 uaewpfqifh
bPfukdvTJay;rSmjzpfygw,f/ vufiif;
aiGay;acsrIpepfeJYvnf; 0,f,lEkdifNyD; tJ'D
vkd0,fr,fqkd&ifawmh aiGukd *Gwfb&m;
om;pfukrPDukd vTJay;&rSmjzpfygw,f}}vkdY
ajymygw,f/
a,bk,stm;jzifhawmh tDvufx&Gef;
epfykdufqH[m r&Sdao;wJha&mif;0,frIukd
awmh vkyfvkdYr&ygbl;/
]]vuf&Sd a&mif;0,frIawGukd odrf;NyD;
awmh tDvufx&Gef;epfykHpHtjzpf vkyfzkdY
vkdygw,f/ awmifolu tDvufx&Gef;epf
ykdufqHukd&&SdNyD; 'DykdufqHeJY a&mif;0,frIukd
vkyfr,f? a&mif;0,frIukd 0efaqmifay;wJh
ukrP
u
D dk tDvufx&Ge;f epfypHk eH JY aiGay;acs
r,f/ wu,fawmh vuf&Sda&mif;0,frI
uawmh ykdNyD;vG,u
f lvsijf ref apygw,f}}vkdY
rpwm atab;pDuD;&mu ajymygw,f/
t&pfusaiGay;acsrIeJY vpmaiGay;rI
awGtjyif 663 [m ypnf;jzeYfjzL;olawG
twGuf aiGay;acsrIawGukdvnf; aqmif
&Gufay;ygw,f/
]]ukefonfti,fav;awGu tDvuf
x&Gef;epf azmifwpfckeJY okH;pGJolawGxHu
ae ykdufqHaumufw,f/ Oyrm-uRefawmf
tckvufawGUaqmif&Gufaewmu ckdifrmrI
&SdwJh vufvDta&mif;qkdifawG&JU 24 em&D
zGifhvSpfwJhqkdifcGJawGtwGuf jzpfygw,f/
pwd;k qdik u
f jynfwiG ;f xGuf toD;tESaH wGeYJ
tMumBuD;xm;vkdYr&wJh tpm;tpmawGukd
0,fw,f/ 0,f,lrItwGuf aiGay;acsrIukd
aiGom;eJYcsufcsif;&Sif;w,f/ 'gukd tDvuf
x&Gef;epfa&mif;0,frItjzpf ajymif;vJzkdY
twGuf ypnf;oGif;ol[m ukefypnf;
twGuf wkdufkdufaiGay;acsrIvkyfEkdifwJh
663 tDvufx&Gef;epfykdufqHtdwfwpfck
&&Sdr,f}}vkdY ajymygw,f/
663 &JU ykdif&Sif jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;bPf
[m jrefrmEkdifiHu bPfao;av;awGxJu
wpfckjzpfygw,f/ kH;cGJaygif; 15 ck&SdNyD;
trsm;pku txufjrefrmjynfrSm&Sdygw,f/
bPfcGJwkdif;u 663 qkdiftjzpf aqmif
&Gufay;aeygw,f/
]]tckxdawmh uRefawmfwkdYrSm ukd,fpm;
vS,f 430? ukefonf 300 cefYeJY okH;pGJol
2000 ausmf&SdaeygNyD/ main subscriber
drive wpfck vkyfzkdYusefygao;w,f/ 'gukd
Zefe0g-&D? azazmf0g&D0ef;usifrSmpEkdifzkdY pDpOf
xm;ygw,f}}vdYk rpwm atab;pDu;D &m u
ajymygw,f/
vpmaiGay;rItwGuf ukrPDykdufqH
tdwf (corporate wallet) wpfck zGifh&ygr,f/
tJ'g[m ukrPDu 0efxrf;awGukd ykdufqH

13

vTJajymif;ay;Ekdifr,fh 0ufbfay:w,f
wpfckeJYcsdwfqufxm;wmjzpfygw,f/
]]vpmaiGay;rIeYJ ypn;f oGi;f oludk aiG
ay;acsrIawG[m 'Dvkyfief;awGtwGuf
t"duygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdYu a&mif;0,frI
awG tm;vkH;ukdvG,fulkd;&Sif;atmif
aqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/ ae&mtuGm
ta0;eJYywfoufNyD; tcuftcJr&Sdyg
bl;/ aiGay;acsrIawGukd vufiif;vkyf
Ekdifw,f/ jrefw,f/ vkHjcHKw,f/
pdwfcsEkdifw,f/ vpmaiGay;rIeJY ypnf;
oGif;olukd aiGay;acsrIawG[m b,f
rkdbkdif;ykdufqHvkyfief;ukdrqdk atmifjrif
EkdifapzkdYtwGuf t"duuswJht&mawG
jzpfygw,f}}vkdY ajymygw,f/
663 &JU vkyif ef;vnfywfyeHk YJ telecom
rkdbkdif;ykdufqHwkdYtMum; uGmjcm;rIu
awmh telecom 0efaqmifrIu w,fvD
zkef;ajymc BudKwifaiGay;acsrIvkdrsKd;
tao;pm; ta&mif;t0,fawGukdom

]]uRefawmfwkdYu KYC tjrifhykdif;


tqifhukd aqmif&GufaewmjzpfNyD;
'Dxufwefzdk;rsm;wJh 0,f,lrIawGukd
vnf; vkyfEkdifygw,f/ uRefawmfwkdY[m
telecom 0efaqmifrIawG vkyfEkdifwm
xuf aiGaMu;0efaqmifrIawGukd 'Dxuf
ykdNyD;vkyfEkdifwJh tajctaeaumif;wpfck
rSm&Sad eygw,f/ telecom 0efaqmifraI wG
[m A[kdbPf&JU vrf;TefcsufawGt&
KYC rygbJ usyf 50000 avmuf wefz;dk
enf;0,f,rl aI wGuo
dk m vkyEf idk yf gw,f}}
vkdY atab;pDuD;&mu qkdygw,f/
oD&dvuFmEkdifiHom;jzpfwJh ol[m
qufoG,fa&;ukdtajccHwJh yxrqkH;
aiGay;acsrIpepf EZ PAYukd oD&dvuFm
rSm pwifwnfaxmifcJhygw,f/ tck
awmh ol&Y UJ 0efaqmifraI wGudk EZ CASH
vkdYac:Muygw,f/
aemufykdif;rSmawmh ol[m MCHEK
twGuf tdEd,rSm vkyfcJhNyD; DEPLOY

zke;f ydu
k q
f H 663 rS pDtt
kd kd (tv,frsurf eS Ef iS v
fh )l udk 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh awGU&pOf/
"mwfykH atmifaX;vIid f
t"duOD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufwmjzpfyg
w,fvkdY rpwm atab;pDuD;&m u
ajymygw,f/
bPfawGuawmh tBu;D pm;ta&mif;
t0,fawGukd aqmif&Gufay;wmjzpf
ygw,f/
]]KYC qkdwmu rdrd0,folawG&JU
tcsuftvufawGudk rSefrrSeftwnf
jyKay;&wJh Know Your Customer ukad jym
ygwm/ KYC tqifh trsKd;rsKd; &Sdygw,f/
bPfwpfcktaeeJY uRefawmfwkdYu
KYC tqifh tjrifhtykdif;ukd vkyfae
wmjzpfygw,f/ okH;pGJol? olY&JUEkdifiHom;
uwf? ae&yfvyd pf m? pmtquftoG,ef YJ
&if;ES;D jrK yEf rHS I vkyif ef;awGudk todtrSwf
jyKxm;ygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
aeYpOf0,f,lrI owfrSwfcsuf usyf
wpfoef;eJYtwl vuf&SdrSm 0,f,lrIawG
ukd usyfig;odef;txd owfrSwfxm;yg
w,f/ rpwm atab;pDuD;&muawmh
A[kb
d Pfu 0,f,rl yI rmPukd 'DxufBu;D
BuD; cGifhjyKay;zkdYarQmfvifhxm;ygw,f/
]]'gawGu 'DaeYtwGuf A[kdbPf&JU
vrf;TefcsufawGyg/ bPfwpfcktaeeJY
0,f,lrIyrmPrSm wdk;wufvmzkdY arQmf
vifhxm;ygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
0,f,lrI yrmPuefYowfjcif;rSm
t"dutm;jzifh aiGrnf;ukd aiGjzLjzpf
atmif jyKvkyfrIawGukd umuG,fzdkYeJY
tMurf;zuftzGJUtpnf;awGukd aiGaMu;
axmufyHhwJh vkyf&yfawGukd wm;qD;zdkY
twGuf jzpfw,f/

zkef;ykdufqHtwGuf b*Fvm;a'h&SfrSm
vkyfcJhygw,f/ ol[m tDvufx&Gef;epf
tif*sifeD,mwpfOD;tjzpf ,laurSm
ynmoifMum;cJhygw,f/
]]cifAsm;vufxJrSm prwfzkef;wpfvkH;
&Sdae&if zkef;eJY tufyvDau;&Sif;awG
trsm;BuD;zGifhNyD; okH;Ekdifw,f/ ta&;yg
wJh tufyvDau;&Sif;uawmh aiGom;
tm;vkH;ukd tDvufx&Gef;epfykdufqH
tjzpfvkyfEkdifwJh aiGaMu;qkdif&m a&mif;
jcif;0,fjcif;awGygyJ/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m
tcsdefwkdav;twGif;rSmyJ aiGpuL vkH;0
rukid &f awmhwhJ tajctaetxd jzpfvm
Ekdifygw,f/ vlawGtrsm;BuD; zkef;awG
&SdvmwJhtay:rSmtajccHNyD; tDvuf
x&Gef;epfykdufqH tokH;jyKrIpepfukd
aqmif&GufEkdifygw,f}}vkdY rpwm
atab;pDuD;&m uajymygw,f/
]]taemufEkdifiHawGrSm tokH;jyKMu
wJh uwfpepfr[kwb
f J rkb
d idk ;f zke;f awGudk
tajccHNyD; jrefrm[m tDvufx&Gef;epf
pepf a&mif;jcif; 0,fjcif;awG? virtual cash
pepfawGukd ausmfNyD;oGm;aeygw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiH[m rkdbkdif;zkef;awGeJYyJ
tDvufx&Gef;epfpepf a&mif;jcif;0,f
jcif;awGukd wpfqifhwnf;eJY vkyfaqmif
Ekdifygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
jrefrmEkdifiHom;rsm;bPfeJY 663 zkef;
yku
d q
f u
H dk jrefrmEkid if u
H xdyw
f ef;ukrP
D
ig;ckxJu Capital Diamond Star Group
u ykdifqkdifwmjzpfygw,f/ g
ZmZmpkd; bmomjyefonf/

jrefrmEdik if rH mS tBuD;qHk; yk*vduynma&;


0efaqmifrIvkyfief;jzpfwJh trfpDpD trI
aqmif t&m&SdcsKyf&JU tqdkt&qdk&if
]]vrf;ab;wpfzufwpfcsufrSm&SdwJh tJ'D
qdik af v;awGu vlawGtukev
f ;kH u}} jrefrm
EdkifiH&JU rdkbdkif;enf;ynm yGifhvif;vmzdkY
tm;jznfhay;aeMuwmyJ jzpfygw,f/
zcifjzpfol OD;wif0if;atmif uGefysLwm
eJY ynma&;0efaqmifrIawGrSm pGefYOD;wDxGif
atmifjrifvmwJhtcsdefrSm vlwcsKdUu pif'D
vdYk odMuwJh a':acsmcifcif[mvnf; jrefrm
EdkifiHrSm jrefEIef;jrifhtifwmeuf &&SdzdkYeJY ydkrdk
vGwfvyfNyD; vufawGuswJh enf;ynm
qdkif&m rl0g'awG ay:aygufvmzdkY vIyf&Sm;
aewJholwpfa,muf jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
]],ciftpdk;&vufatmufrSmwkef;u
owif;tcsuftvuf&zdkYqdkwm cufcJwJh
twGuf jrefrmjynfolvlxk[m owif;
tcsuftvufudk iwfrGwfaeMuovdk
qufoG,fa&;uvnf; odyu
f kd ta&;Bu;D
aeygw,f}} vdYk a':acsmcifcifu qdyk gw,f/
a':acsmcifcifu tem*wfrSm vlawG
[m owif;tcsut
f vufawGukd prwfzek ;f
awG rdkbdkif;enf;ynmawGeJY &,loHk;pGJMu
vdrfhr,fvdkY ,lqolwpfa,mufyg/
]]jrefrmEdkifiHudk rdkbdkif;enf;ynm
xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufrIu jrefrmjynf
vrf;awGtm;vHk;&JU ab;wpfzufwpfcsuf
rSm&SdwJh qdkifav;awGu vlawGtm;vHk;
tcsif;csif; csdwfqufEkdifzdkY vdktyfvmwJh
twGufaMumifh ydktm;aumif;vmw,fvdkY
uRefrxifw,f}}vkdY olu qdkygw,f/
rdkbdkif;enf;ynm[m wHcg;aygufawG
trsm;BuD;udk zGifhvSpfay;cJhw,fvdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
]]jrefrmEdkifiHu ESpf 30? 40 avmuf
aemufususefcJhw,fvdkY ajymvdkYr&awmh
ygbl;/ jrefrmjynfolawGu rdkbdkif;
tufyvDau;&Sif;awGudk wpfcgwnf; oHk;
aeMuNyD}}vdkY olu qufajymygw,f/
'gayrJh 'g[m topftqef;tem*wf

wpfck jzpfaewJhtwGuf udk,foHk;pGJaewm


bmqdkwmudkawmif aocsmrodao;ol
awG trsm;BuD; &Sdaeygw,f/
]]vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u vlrIuGef&uf
eJY tifwmeuf bmuGmvJqdkwmudk rodMu
bl;/ tifwmeufoHk;vm;vdkY olwdkYudkar;
vdu
k &f if roH;k bl;vdYk ajzMuw,f/ azhpb
f w
G cf f
oHk;vm;vdkY ar;&ifawmh oHk;w,fvdkY ajzMu
w,f/ tJ'DvdkrsKd; olwdkY rcGJjcm;EdkifwmawG
trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f}}vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
rdkbdkif;t,fyvDau;&Sif; oifwef;
taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;wJh rdkufcdkaqmhzfeJY
aqG;aEG;yGJrSmuwnf;u a':acsmcifcif&JU
&nfrSef;csuf[m jrefrmEdkifiH&JU yxrqHk;
uGefysLwm oifwef;ausmif;tjzpfuae
wpfEdkifiHvHk;tESYH rdkbdkif;enf;ynm toHk;
jyKrI wdk;wufvmapa&;twGufyg vkyf
aqmifzdkY jzpfaecJhygNyD/ &nfrSef;csuftBuD;
BuD;wpfckudk atmifjrifzdkY &nfrSef;csuf
cyfao;ao;uae pwifw,fvdkY qdkEdkif
ygw,f/
]]uRefrwdkYu yxrqHk; jrefrmuGefysLwm
avhusifha&;ukrPDyg/ tJ'Dwkef;u uRefr
wdkY tdrfatmufxyfrSm pzGifhcJhwmaygh/
MICTDC rSm uRefrwdkYu yxrqHk; tzGJU0if
jzpfcJhovdk tckvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHuvlxk
wpf&yfvHk; rdkbdkif;enf;ynmudk toHk;jyKvm
MuwJt
h csed rf mS t&Sed w
f pfck ay;vdu
k Ef ikd rf ,fh
yxrqHk;olu uRefrwdkYjzpfcsifygw,f/
uRefrwdkY&JUpifwmwdkif;u tcdkiftrm wnf
aqmufxm;w,f/ uRefrwdkY vkyforQu
vnf; wpfEdkifiHvHk; twdkif;twmeJYyg/
rdkbdkif;enf;ynmvTrf;rdk;EdkifzdkY tckutcsdef
aumif;yg-? 'guae 21 &mpkacwfudk uR
efrwdkYEdkifiHwdkuf&dkufa&mufoGm;EdkifrSmyg}}
vdkYoluqdkygw,f/
tckvdk rdkbdkif;acwfopfwpfckrpwif
cifu jrefrmEdkifiHuGefysLwmtoif;csKyf[m
tpdk;&eJYtwl vufwGJvkyfudkif&if; ta&;
ygwJh tcef;wpfckuyg0ifcJhovdk trfyDwD
[mvnf; ,aeYacwftajctaea&mufzdkY
twGuf tkwfjrpfjzpfwJh qufoG,fa&;

Oya'udk zefwD;cJhygw,f/
]]tJ'D qufoG,fa&;rlMurf;udk ajzavQmh
ay;zdkYeJY vlxkudk pnf;Hk;EdkifzdkY jrefrmEdkifiH
uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf[m tjyif;txef
wdkufcJh&ygw,f/ t&ifwpfcku acwfeJY
awmfawmfudk ravsmfnDawmhvdkY uRefrwdkY
tcsed u
f ek cf NH y;D tJ'gudak vhvmcJMh uygw,f/
uRefrwdkYtaeeJY zefwD;EdkifpGrf;udk tm;ay;
vdkNyD; uRefrwdkY[m vTwfawmfeJY 0efBuD;Xme
awGtxd ar;cGef;awGtrsm;BuD; ar;cJhMu
ygw,f}}vdkY olu qufajymygw,f/
pif'D[m tifwmeufqufaMumif;udk
ajzavQmhay;zdkYtwGufvnf; wdkufyGJ0ifcJhyg
ao;w,f/ ]]tem*wfrSm tifwmeufquf
aMumif;u vGwfvyfrI&SdzdkYvdkygw,f/ uRefr
wdkY awmif;qdkwmu ydkrdkjrefqefwJh quf
oG,frIudk &zdkYygyJ/ jyemu qufaMumif;
qdkwm uRefrwdkY odcJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifh
vdkifpif&SdolawGtaeeJY udk,fydkifquf
aMumif;awG ydkifqdkifcGifh&zdkY cGifhjyKoifhw,f
vdkY uRefrwdkY ajymcJhwmyg/}} (tpdk;&u
apmifhMunfhxdef;csKyfjcif;r&Sdaom quf
aMumif;udk qdkvdkonf)vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
'gayrJh olwdkY&JU atmifjrifrIawGrSm
wdk;wufrIu &oifhoavmuf r&&Sdao;yg/
]]rdkbdkif;acwfpwJh vGefcJhwJhESpfwkef;u
wdk;wufrI&zdkYtwGuf uRefrwdkYwpfzGJUvHk;
kef;uefae&wkef;yJ/ rdkbdkif;enf;ynm
yGiv
hf if;vmwJt
h csed rf mS wd;k wufru
I uRerf
wdYk vdck sio
f avmuf r&cJb
h ;l / uRerf wdrYk supf d
a&SUrSm ordkif;wpfck ay:aygufaeayr,fh
rdkbdkif;u@udkwHcg;zGifhvdkufwJhtcsdefrSm
tJ'g[m uRefrwdkYtwGuf jzpfygapvdkY
arQmfvifhaecJh&w,f}}vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
quf o G , f a &;atmf y a&wmawG [ m
pufypnf;ydkif;? aqmhzf0Jydkif;eJY 0efaqmifrI
ydkif;awGrSm a'owGif;vkyfudkifzdkY odyf rvHk
avmufcJhayr,fh trfpDpDtaeeJY txuf
jref r mjynf r S m w,f v D a emtwG u f
0efaqmifrIawGudk jznfhqnf;ay;aew,f
vdkY olu qdkygw,f/ g
ausmh'gvDvif; bmomjyefonf/

14

stuart.becker@gmail.com

vuf&dS oHk;aewJh tifwmeuf


pum;ajymenf;pepf (IRC) udk
AD'D,dkawG? "mwfyHkawG? wGpfwmawGrSm
oHk;wJh owday; pepfrsKd;awG
xyfxnfhNyD; csJUvdkY &rSmyJvdkY jzdK;tmum
trSwfwrJh pOf;pm;rdvdkufcsdefuawmh
rESpfu oBuFefwGif; tdrfrSmyJ
em;aewkef;uyg/
tJ'Dup olydkif tifwmeuf
tzGJUvdkuf pum;ajymenf;pepf PHWA.
BE jzpfvmr,fh ydk*&rfudk ol pvkyfcJh
ygw,f/ PHWA.BE udk tck vl 112 OD;
oHk;aeNyD; trsm;pku &efukefu
tqifhjrifh enf;ynm todkif;t0dkif;
xJu olYoli,fcsif;awGyg/
'Dpdwful;u Slack.com qdkwJh
tufyvDau;&Sif;udk xGifvdkufEdkifNyD;
ukrPDawGrSm qdkif&mvlawGudk
tD;ar;vf twGJvdkuf ydkYvdkY&ovdk
jyefajymorQudkvnf; awmufavQmuf
MunfhvdkY&wJhtwGuf tpnf;ta0;
xdkifcsdefawGvnf; avsmhoGm;cJhw,f/
urmtESHY wjcm; vlawGrSmvnf;
'Dpdwful;rsKd;awmh &SdcJhMuwmygyJ/
]]vlwdkif;rSm xl;jcm;wmav;awG
vkyfEdkifpGrf; &Sdw,fvdkY ,HkMunfygw,f}}
vdkY NzdK;tmumu qdkygw,f/ ]]pdwful;
xkwfzdkY? NyD;&if udk,fhudk,fudk,f
vufawGUvkyfzdkY wGef;tm;ay;zdkYawGu
ta&;tBuD;qHk;ygyJ}} vdkY qdkw,f/
Slack.com u tck a':vm
oHk;bDvsHeJY a&mif;aeNyDqdkwJh tcsufu
NzdK;tmumudk pdwfrysufapcJhygbl;/
'gaMumifhyJ olYydk*&rfudk vufawGU
vkyfjzpfcJhwmudk;/ olydkif PHWA.BE
u ydkawmif aumif;OD;r,fvdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
]]Slack.com u uRefawmfh&JU t"du
NydKifbufyg/ uRefawmf pdwful;&NyD;

jraucdkif
bmomjyefonf/

udzk ;kd tmum (0JrpS wkwa jrmuf)udk ol\tzGUJ om;rsm;ESifh awGU&pOf/


wpfv? ESpfv twGif;rSmyJ trsm;eJY
pkaygif;vkyfwJh tvkyfawGtwGuf
qufoG,fa&; enf;pepfwpfckjzpfwJh
Slack.com udk awGUcJhwmyg/ uRefawmfh
ydk*&rfrSm xnfhr,fh tpDtpOfawG
trsm;BuD; tJ'DrSm ygoGm;w,f/
uRefawmf tm;wufoGm;wmvnf;
tJ'gaMumifhyJ}}vdkY olu qdkw,f/
]]aqmhzf0Ja&;wJh jrefrmawG &SdorQ
tm;? &if;jrpf tukefoHk;NyD; udk,fh
0goemudk wGef;vkyfEdkif&if Slack.com
vdk pcgp pdwful;opf? enf;ynmopf
awGudk aumif;aumif; ,SOfEdkifygw,f}}

"mwfykH jrefrmwdik ;f (rf)

vdkY olu qdkw,f/


pdwful;Pfa&m? uRrf;usifrIyg
urmtESHYu wDxGifolawGeJY
aumif;aumif;,SOfEdkifwJh
enf;ynm&SifawG jrefrmrSm trsm;BuD;
&Sdw,fvdkY NzdK;tmumu qdkygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkY vkyfEdkifw,f/ 'geJY
ywfoufvdkYawmh bmoHo,rS
r&Sdbl;/ jrefrmEkdifiHu pdwful;opf?
enf;ynmopf todkif;t0dkif;eJY
ywfouf&ifawmh uRefawmf
odyf,HkMunfw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;
twl0dkif;vkyf&if 'gvkyfEdkifw,f}} vdkY

qdkw,f/
olY&nf&G,fcsufu jrefrmEdkifiHu
enf;ynmtodkif;t0dkif;udk "Unicorns"
vdk Slack.com wdkY? Uber.com wdkYvdk
enf;ynmopfawGudk zefwD;Edkifatmif
jrifhwifay;zdkYyg/
Slack.com u wpfESpftwGif;
a':vm oHk;bDvsH &oGm;w,f/ plyg
&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolawGvnf; &oGm;NyD/ ygwJh
pepfawGudk uefYNyD; ukrPDawGtwGuf
tydkpepfwpfckudk wpfa,muf wpfv
av;a':vmeJY a&mif;w,f/
NzdK;tmum&JU PHWA.BE u

pepfopfawGygwJh tifwmeuf
pum;ajym enf;pepfopf wpfckyg/
]]PHWA.BE u vlawG 0dkif;zGJUNyD;
pum;ajymvdkY&wJh enf;pepfyg}} vdkY
qdkw,f/ ]]azhpfbGwfcfwdkYvdk? Google
Hangouts wdkYvdkawG oHk;wmxuf
trsm;BuD; toHk;wnfhw,f/ udk,fajymcJh
wifcJhorQ jyefMunfh jyef&SmvkdY
&w,f/ taESmifht,Sufuif;w,f/
vHkjcHKrIvnf; &Sdw,f/ oHk;pGJolawG&JU
vHkjcHKrIudk uRefawmfwdkY 100 &mcdkifEIef;
*kpdkufw,f}} vdkY qdkygw,f/ g
pEmvGif bmomjyefonf/

rkdbkdif;oHk;pGJolawGtwGuf aeYpOfzkef;ac:qdkcawG[m t&ifwkef;uxuf ydkrdkoufomvmwJhtjyif tifwmeufa&m zkef;ac:qdkrIyg


tvG,fwul toHk;jyKvdkY&aewmeJY ywfoufvkdY xifjrif,lqcsufawGudk jrefrmwdkif;(rf)owif;axmufawGu awGUqakH r;jref;xm;ygw,f/

OD;atmifausmfEikd f
55 ESp?f 0efxrf;

]uRefawmfuawmh wpfywfudk
5000 avmufukefr,fxifwmyJ/
Hk;zkef;wpfvHk;? udk,fydkifzkef;wpfvHk;
tvkyfu pDpOfay;xm;wmrdkY
tifwmeuftrsm;BuD;roHk;&ifawmh
zkef;zdk; odyfukefp&mr&Sdygbl;}

rMunfMunf0if;
26 ESp?f pm&if;udik f

]uRefru wpfvudk usyf 20000 ukef


w,f/ vpmu odyfr&ayr,fh zkef;zdk;
awmh wwfEdkifygw,f/ 'gayrJh 0ufbf
qdkufawG tMunfhrsm;wm? azhpfbGwf
toHk;rsm;wmqdk&ifawmh ydkufqHu
ukefwmaygh/ 'gayrJh t&ifuxuf
pm&ifawmh oufomw,fajym&rSmyg}

OD;[efrif;atmif
49 ESp?f yifpifpm;

rcifrmMunf
31 ESp?f opfo;D a&mif;ol

]yifpif,lNyD;uwnf;u zkef;u
odyfoHk;p&mrvdkawmhbl;av/ 'gaMumifh
oDwif;ESpfywfudk 5000 avmufyJ
ukefr,fxifw,f/ rsm;aomtm;jzifh
awmh oli,fcsif;awGeJY rdom;pk0ifawG
qDyJ qufoG,fjzpfwmyg/ rsm;rsm;
rwwfEdkifawmh acRwm&wmaygh}

]]wpfvudk usyf 3000 ukefw,f/


uRefr tifwmeufvnf; odyfroHk;bl;/
zkef;vnf; odyfrqufbl;/
'Dawmh aiGukefoufomwmaygh/
wpfvwpfvudk trsm;BuD;
oHk;wJholawG&Sdw,fqkdawmh olwdkY
0ifaiGaumif;vdkY aerSmaygh}

ukrd if;rif;atmif
34ESp?f rdb
k ikd ;f zke;f jyifqifa&mif;0,fol

]yHkrSefawmh 3000 wef 0,fxnfh


jzpfw,f/ wpfcgwavvnf; 1000
wef xnfhoHk;wmaygh/ wpfvudk usyf
10000 uae 15000 avmuf
awmh ukefygw,f/ 'gu uRefawmfwkdYvdk
vlrsKd;awGtwGuf ukefus p&dwfrsm;
w,f ajym&rSmyJ/ uRefawmf tifwmeuf
odyfroHk;ygbl;/ &Gmu oli,fcsif;awGeJY
trsKd;awGqD qufwmavmufyJoHk;wm}

15

acwfay: y#doaEwm;wJh enf;vrf;awG jzpf


wJh tdik ,
f 'l eD YJ tD;pDawG[m oifwYdk azhpb
f w
G cf f
wd?Yk Adu
k b
f mwdYk zGiw
hf t
hJ csed rf mS yxrqH;k awGU
csifwJh t&mawGawmh r[kwfEdkifavmuf
ygbl;/
'gayrJh jrefrmEdkifiHu jrefrmtrsKd;orD;
rsm;pGmtwGufawmh 'Dvdkenf;vrf;awG[m
rsKd;yGm;jcif;qdkif&m usef;rma&; owif;
tcsuftvufawGtwGuf owif;&if;jrpf
topfawGygyJ/
uRefawmfwdkYusef;rma&; tifef*sDtdk
toif;tzGjYJ zpfwhJ &efuek u
f yDtufpt
f ikd f ;Hk
udk azhpfbGwfcfwdkY AdkufbmwdkYuae rMum
cP ar;avh&w
dS hJ ar;cGe;f awGukd atmufrmS
azmfjyvdkufygw,f/
trsKd;orD;ukd,fwGif;xnfh&wJh om;
qufjcm; tdik ,
f 'l q
D w
kd hJ ypn;f awG uRerf wdYk
udk,fwGif;xJrSm aysmufuG,foGm;Edkifyg
ovm;/
ta&;ay:y#doaEwm;wJh ypnf;awG
udk b,frSm0,fvdkY &EdkifygovJ/
y#doaEwm;ypnf;awGudk toHk;
jyKr ,fqdk&if uav;& aemufusEdkifyg
ovm;/
uGsefawmf vlrIqufqHa&;refae*sm
tjzpf tvkyv
f yk af ewJh yDtufpt
f ikd Xf merSm
qdk&if uGsefawmfwdkYawG 'Dvdkar;jref;vmwJh
tay: ydNk y;D tmkx
H m;aeygw,f/ uGseaf wmf
wkYd 2011 ckEpS u
f wnf;u rsK;d yGm;jcif;qdik &f m

pmrsufESm 12 rS

usef;rma&;todynmawGeJY yufoufNyD;
ajzMum;ay;zkdY ta&;ay:zkef;eHygwfawG
pDpOfay;cJhNyD; uGsefawmfwdkY uGef&ufjzpfwJh
udk,fydkif aetrSwfwHqdyf&Sd aq;cef;aygif;
1000 ausmfukdvnf; vlawGudk Tefay;
cJhygw,f/
2014 ckEpS rf mS awmh rsK;d qufymG ;use;f rm
a&;todynmawG ajzMum;aqG;aEG;ay; Edik f
zkdYtwGuf (fb.com/OK Quality Birth
Spacing) qdw
k hJ azhpb
f w
G cf pf mrsuEf mS wpfck
udk wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfcJhwJhtjyif 2014
'DZifbmvrSmvnf; (+959976118372 )
qdkwJh Adkufbmzkef;eHygwfwpfckudk ta&;
ay:zkef;tjzpf topf xkwfjyefay;cJhyg
w,f/
AdkufbmwdkY azhpfbGwfcfwdkYuae ar;cGef;
awG ar;jref;vmwJh ta&twGuf[m zkef;
xuf ydrk sm;aewmudak wmh b,forl S tHt
h m;
roifhMuygbl;/
jrefrmEdkifiHrSmqdk&if rsKd;yGm;jcif;eJY vdif
ydkif;qdkif&mtodynm tcsuftvufawGeYJ
yufoufvkdY pdk;&drfrIawG? &Suf&GHUrIawG[m
'DaeYtxd jrifrh m;pGmwnf&adS eygao;w,f/
txl;ojzifhawmh vufrxyf&ao;wJh
trsK;d orD;xktMum;rSm ydq
k ;kd ygw,f/ rMum
ao;rDu xkwjf yefcw
hJ hJ tdw
Yk 0g wuov
kd &f UJ
tpD&ifcHpmrSmawmh &efukefNrdKUjy0ef;usif
rSmyif oaEwm;jcif;eJY olw&Ydk UJ ab;xGuq
f ;kd
usKd;awGeJY ywfoufNyD; aumvm[vawG?
owif;trSm;awG[m awmfawmfav;udk
rsm;jym;aeao;w,fvdkY qdkxm;ygw,f/

rdciftrsKd;orD;awG aoqHk;&rIEIef; jrifh


rm;jcif;[m om;qufjcm;jcif;? y#doaE
wm;jcif;EIe;f edryhf g;rIawGeYJ qufpyfrI &Sad eyg
w,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m ta&SUawmiftm&S
EdkifiHawGxJrSm rdcifaoqHk;rIEIef; tjrifhqHk;
jzpfcJhygw,f/ xdyfqHk;u OD;aqmifaewJh
rdcifaoqHk;rItaMumif;&if;[m rvdkcsifbJ
&vmwJh udk,f0efawGudk vHkjcHKrIr&SdbJ
zsucf sMuwmaMumifjh zpfNy;D touf 15 ESprf S
19 ESpf&SdwJh trsKd;orD;awGrSm aoqHk;rI
tjrifrh m;qH;k jzpfymG ;aew,fvYkd use;f rma&;
0efBuD;Xme&JU 2020 ckESpf&nfrSef;csuf tpD
&ifcHpmrSm azmfjyyg&Sdygw,f/
prwfzkef;awGuawmh 'Dvdk usef;rma&;
A[kow
k r&Srd aI wGukd ulnjD znfph u
G af y;vm
EdkifygNyD/ zGHYNzdK;qJEdkifiHawGrSmawmh vlawG
[m olwdkY&JU usef;rma&; todynmtcsuf
tvufawGeJY yufoufwJh owif;tcsuf
tvufawGudk olwdkY&JU prwfzkef;awGuae
wpfqifh &&SdaeMuygNyD/
'ghjyif prwfzke;f awGuae &&Sdr,hf tcGihf
tvrf;awGu 'Dxufruudk BuD;us,frsm;
jym;vSygw,f/ prwfzkef;toHk;jyKolawG
twGuf ydkrdkpdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJh
tawGYtBuHKawGeJY pDpOfTefMum;olawG
twGuf rdkydkeD;pyfrSefuefwJh &v'fawG[m
qdkwmukd vlawGowdjyKrdzdkYvdkw,f}}vdkY prwfzkef;awGudk ykdNyD; vlBudKufrsm;vmap
oluqdkygw,f/
cJhygw,f/ bmjyKvkdYvJqdkawmh prwfzkef;
OD ; xif a tmif c d k i f u awmh trf w D
tdkif0ufbfqdkuf&JU Ou|jzpfNyD; olYudk
u,fvfAifvdkYvnf; odMuygw,f/
olu &efukefwdkif;a'oBuD; uGefysLwm
vk y f i ef ; toif ; &J U Ou | ?
jref r m
uGeyf sLwm vkyif ef;toif;&JU 'kOu|? jrefrm
uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf&JU A[dktvkyftrI
f rI
aqmif aumfrwD0if? UMFCCI &JU tvkyt
aqmifaumfrwD0if? aemufNy;D jrefrmvli,f
pGefYOD;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;&JU A[dktvkyf
trIaqmif aumfrwD0ifvnf; jzpfygw,f/
]]'Drdk bdkif;acwf[m tvHk;t&if;eJY
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufwJhtqifhudk a&mufaeyg
w,f/ 'g[m awmifolv,form;awGeJY
pdkufysKd;a&;u@awG tygt0if jrefrmh
aus;vufeJY NrdKUjyMum;u 'D*spfw,fenf;
ynm uGmjcm;csufudk avQmhcsay;Edkifyg
w,f}} vdkY OD;xifatmifcdkifuqdkygw,f/
'Drdkbdkif;acwftwGif;rSm trfwDtdkif[m
rdkbdkif;aiGay;acsrIpepfawG? qufoG,fa&;
vkyfief;awGudk vnfywf&if;wdk;wufvm
rSm jzpfw,fvdkYvnf; oluajymygao;
w,f/ g

wu,f ay:xGef;vmaeNyDvdkY uRefawmf


tcdkiftrm ,HkMunfygw,f/ EdkifiHwum
qufoG,fa&; atmfya&wmawG 0ifvm
wm vGefcJhwJhESpfESpfurSyg/ tck olwdkY
acwfwpfckudk pwifaeNyDjzpfovdk rMum
cifrSmvnf; pwkwatmfya&wmvdkifpifudk
wjcm; trsm;ydkiftrsKd;om;atmfya&wm
ukrPDwpfckqD csay;awmhrSmyg}} vdkY
if;u qdkygw,f/
]]'Drdkbdkif;wpfacwf[m qif;&JwJh
jynfolawGtwGuf tusKd;aus;Zl;awG
trsm;BuD;ay;ygvdrfhr,f/ usef;rma&;?
ynma&;eJY pdkufysKd;a&;twGuf tufyvD
au;&Sif;awG trsm;BuD;&SdvmrSmjzpfNyD;
e,fy,fawGtrsm;BuD;rSm tusKd;tjrwf
awG&&SdvmrSmyg}}vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
qif;&JEGrf;yg;wJh aus;vufvlxku
rdkbdkif;0efaqmifrIawG&JUpGrf;aqmif&nf
udk owdxm;zdkYvdkw,fvdkY OD;rif;OD;u
qdkygw,f/
]]qif;&JEGrf;yg;olawG&JU aeYpOf0ifaiG
u tuefYtowfeJYqdkayr,fh tckrdkbdkif;
acwfrSm vlrIuGef&ufawG oHk;zdkYtwGuf
aiGaMu;ydkvdktyfvmw,f/ 'gu tcsdef
vnf;ukef aiGvnf;ukkefw,f/ ae&mwdkif;
rSm tm;omcsufeJY tm;enf;csuf&Sdw,f ausmh'gvDvif; bmomjyefonf/

awG[m usef;rma&;eJY nDTwfwJh tjyKtrl


taexdkif trItusifhawGudk ajymif;ap&m
rSm tusKd;oufa&mufrI &SdaevdkYygyJ/
Oyrm ajym&&if ta&;ay:zke;f awGuae
zkef;ac:qdkaeolawGxuf azhpfbGwfcfwkYd
AdkufbmwkdYuae oD;oefYenf;vrf;awG
udk a&G;cs,fNyD; usef;rma&;eJY ywfoufwJh
ar;cGef;rsm;pGmar;vmolawGudk ydktawGU
rsm;vmvdkYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh azhpfbGwfcfeJY
AdkufbmwdkY[m tjrifhqHk; pGrf;aqmifrI&Sdvm
wJhtjyif vlawGeJYydkNyD; oD;oefYvHkjcHKpGm ajym
qdkar;jref;EdkifwJh tajccHawG jzpfvkdYaeyg
w,f/ vlawGudk rsKd;yGm;jcif;qdkif&m usef;rm
a&; Iaxmifh todynmawGeJY ywfoufNyD;
eufeufIdif;dIif;od&SdEdkifzdkY uRefawmfwkdY
jyefMum;a&;awG? q&m0efawGeJY ar;jref;
aqG;aEG;EdkifzkdYvnf; cGifhjyKay;xm;ygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm prwfzkef;toHk;jyKolawG
eJY uRefawmfwdkY usef;rma&;uGef&ufjzefY
usufEdkifrI wdk;yGm;vmaeayr,fhvnf;
vlOD;a&tukefvHk;txd jzefYMuufEdkifzdkYu
awmh tcsdefvdkaeygao;w,f/
prwfzkef;xJu aqmhzf0JawG &&SdEdkifwJh
ae&mawGudk tar&dum;rSm&SdwJh rdkbdkif;zkef;
tokH;jyKolawG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tcsdef
cPav;twGi;f rSmyJ od&EdS ikd Mf uw,f/ 'gay
rJh jrefrmEdkifiHrSmawmh aqmhzf0JawG &Sm&
aumif;rSef; rodMuao;ygbl;/

azhbw
G cf f pmrsuEf mS awGtwGuu
f awmh
yDtufpt
f ikd &f UJ rdcifaoqH;k rI aqmhz0f jJ zpfwhJ
''maymay'' qdw
k ahJ qmhz0f eJ YJ rdom;pkuse;f rm
a&;qdkwJh ]] Kyan Mar Yae }} aqmh0Judk enf;
ynmukrPDjzpfwJh Koe Koe Tech eJY
Ooredoo wdkYu aygif;NyD;wnfaqmufay;
xm;w,f/ 'Daqmhzf0JawGudk ydkrdkjynfhpHkNyD;
pHpk v
kH ifvif ar;jref;Edik af tmifukd jyKvyk af y;
xm;ygw,f/ toHk;jyKolawG&JU wkHYjyefcsuf
awG[mvnf; ckdifvHkwJhtjyif usef;rma&;eJY
ywfoufwJh jrefrmvdktcsuftvufawG
[mvnf; vG,fulwJhtjyif aysmfp&m
aumif;NyD; vufcHEdkifMuygw,f/
wu,fawmh yDtufpftdkif[m usef;rm
a&; todynmtcsuftvufawGudk 'D*spf
w,fenf;ynmeJY jzeYfa0ay;aewJh wpfck
wnf;aom tzGJYtpnf;awmh r[kwfygbl;/
azhbGwfcfuaewpfqifh usef;rma&;tod
ynmawG ajzMum;ay;aewJh udk,fydkiftzGJY
tpnf;rsm;pGmvnf; &SdvdkYaeygw,f/ rm&D
pwkyfwdkYvdk tifwmae&Sife,ftzGJYtpnf;
awGuae jyKvyk af y;xm;wJh ]] Mate " aqmhz0f J
wkdY tjynfjynfqdkif&m HIV/AIDS tzGJY
tpnf;awGu jyKvkyfay;xm;wJh ]]Link up}}
wdkYvdk aqmhzf0JawGudkvnf; tjcm;aom
tifef*sDtdktzGJYtpnf;awGu xkwfjyefay;
xm;wmawG &Sdygw,f/ g
aZmfaZmfaxG; bmomjyefonf/

16

stuart.becker@gmail.com

1947 ckESpf? OD;wif0if;atmif&JU touf


27 ESpfrSm yxrqHk; tdkifbDtrf uGefysLwm
BuD; (rdef;z&defuGefysLwm) &efukefpD;yGm;a&;
wuodkvf&JU uGefysLwmXmeudk a&mufvm
cJhw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmifeYJ ol&Y UJ ausmif;aezuf
oli,fcsif; OD;odef;OD;wdkYESpfa,muf[m
qdk&SpfvpfacwfrSm ae&wJhMum;u pm&if;
ppfeJY aiGaMu;ynmqdkif&m pD;yGm;a&;
oifwef;awGudk wufa&mufEdkifcJhw,f/
aemufq,fpkESpfawGtwGif; tpdk;&&JU
rl0g'awG tjyKoabm ajymif;vJvmwJh
tcg tJ'Dbmom&yfawGu olwdkYESpfOD;
udk vkyfief;BuD;awG vkyfEdkifzdkY taxmuf
tul ay;vmrSmaygh/
tJ'Dumvwkef;uawmh rdef;z&def
uGefysLwmawGudk okawoevkyfief;
twGuf trsm;pk oHk;avh&SdMuw,f/ tJ'D
tcsdefuae aemifESpfawG tMumBuD;ae&if
ay:vmr,fh yDpDvdkYac:wJh wpfudk,f&nf
oH;k uGeyf sLwmawGu tdik w
f aD cwf&UJ tpvdYk
qdk&rSmyg/ 'DaeYcwf bufx&DoHk; vufudkif
prwfzkef;awGuawmh aemufxyf y&m'dkif;
ta&GUwpfckygyJ/
tdkifwDavmuudk tkwfjrpfcs&mrSm
[m;Awfwuodkvfuae trfbDatbGJUeJY
aumfeJvfwuo dkvfuae yDtdy fc sf' D
bGJU&xm;wJh a'gufwmcifarmifMunfeJY
wjcm;q&mawG yg0ifcJhw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdefu
MoZmBuD;wJhaemufq&mwpfa ,mufu
a'gufwmciftHk;oefYyg/ 'DBudK;yrf;rIuae
aemufwpfcsdefrSm toD;tyGifhawG&vm
cJhw,f/
OD;odef;OD;eJY uRefawmfu tJ'Dq&mawG
vufatmufrSm twlaygh/ tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;
uqdk 'Dbmom&yfawGu topfawG/}} 'gu
*sef;&Sif;puGJrSm&SdwJh trfpDpD (Myanmar
Computer Company-MCC) Hk;cef;rSm
olYudktifwmAsL;wkef;u oljyefajzwmyg/
tJ'Dq&mawGu tdkifwDynmoifMum;
enf;pepfawGudk oDtdk&Dydkif;tpysKd;ay;cJhNyD;
atmifjrifrItwGuf tBuD;rm;qHk; aqmif
&GufcsufawGxJuwpfck jzpfw,fvdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
vuf&SdtcsdefrSm OD;wif0if;atmifu
trfpDpDukrPDtkyfpk&JU Ou|tjzpf wm0ef
,lxm;NyD; orD;jzpfol pif'Du trIaqmif
t&m&SdcsKyftjzpf wm0ef,lxm;ygw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmifudk &efukefjynf
ta0;ajy;vrf;rBuD;ay:u oHk;q,fNrdKUrSm
arG;zGm;cJhNyD; arG;csif; ajcmufa,mufrSm
tBu;D qH;k jzpfygw,f/ zcifjzpfou
l o,f,l
ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rSm refae*smjzpfNyD;
toufi,fao;wJh armifwif0if;atmif
u rdom;pkydkif ukefpdrf;qdkifav;rSm 0if
a&mufvkyfudkifcJhygw,f/ &Spfwef;a&muf
wJhtcsdefrSm wjcm;uav;awGudk aeYv,f
xrif;pm;csdef rkefYa&mif;wJhenf;eJY udk,fwdkif
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfaeygNyD/
]]tJ'Dwkef;u pGefYOD;wDxGifw,fqdkwm
vnf; rodygbl;/ rdom;pkudkulnDwmygyJ/
uRefawmfwdkYrdom;pku qif;&Jawmh wwf
EdkifwJhenf;eJY 0dkif;vkyfMuzdkYvkdw,fav}} vdkY
olu ajymjyygw,f/

a':acsmcifcifEiS hf ol\zcif OD;wif0if;atmifwu


Ykd kd trfppD D ;Hk wnf&&dS m &efuek Nf rKd U Junction Square awGU&pOf/
wuodkvf0efxrf;NyD;wJhtcg &efukef
pD;yGm;a&;wuodkvfudk qufwufygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkYudkoifwJh ygarmuawG
tukev
f ;kH u tar&duu/ qd&k ,
S v
f pf pD;yGm;
a&;acwfrSm ae&wmawmif t&if;&Sifpepf
taMumif; bmom&yfawG uRefawmfwdkY
oifjzpfcJhw,f}}vdkY olu qufajymygw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmifeJY OD;odef;OD;[m
pD;yGm;a&;bGJYudktwl&cJhNyD; tckcsdefxd rdwf
aqGawGtjzpf cifcifrifrif &Sad ecJMh uw,f/
1987 ckESpf a&mufawmh EdkifiHjcm;a&;
0efBuD;XmerSm vkyfwJh OD;wif0if;atmif&JU
ZeD;jzpfou
l e,l;a,mhcrf mS &Sw
d hJ ukvor*
udk,fpm;vS,fHk;rSm wm0efusw,f/ xHk;pH
twdkif; OD;wif0if;atmifeJY orD;jzpfol
pif'Dvnf; vdkufoGm;w,f/ tJ'Du&wJh
tawGUtMuHKu tm;vHk;twGuf tajymif;
tvJ jzpfvmcJhw,f/
1984 ckESpf[m tar&durSm yDpDawGeJY
wjcm; a&S;OD;uGefysLwmawG pxGufvm
wJh pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m ESpfwpfESpf jzpfw,fvdkY
olu qdyk gw,f/ e,l;a,mhcrf mS yDpo
D ifwef;
ausmif;wpfckwufcJhNyD; &efukefjyefa&muf
wJhtcg e,l;a,mhcfu ,lvmwJh qifuvJ
uGefysLwmudk armfeDwmae&mrSm tjzL
trnf;wDADeJY csdwfoHk;cJhw,f/
tJ'D qifuvJuGefysLwmu trfpDpD&JU
tpvdkY olu qdkygw,f/ tckcsdefrSmawmh
OD;wif0if;atmifOu|tjzpf aqmif&Guf
aewJh trfpDpD[m Hk;cGJ 180 eJY ynma&;
0efaqmifrIawG? owif;tcsuftvufeJY
enf;ynmqdkif&m 0efaqmifrIawGudk
aqmif&Gufaeovdk &efukef? rEav;?
aejynfawmfeJY &wemyHk qdkufbmpD;wD;wdkY
rSm ausmif;ig;ausmif;eJY taqmif
av;aqmif zGifhvSpfxm;ygw,f/
trfpDpDu jyifyvkyfief;awGudkvnf;
0efaqmifrIay;ygao;w,f/ Oyrmjrefrm
EdkifiHu vQyfppfrD;oHk;pGJol pkpkaygif;&JU
xuf0ufausmftwGuf rDwmcaumufcHrI
pepfudk vQyfppf0efBuD;Xme&JUoabmwlnD

"mwfykH atmifaX;vIid f

]]tusKd ; tjrwf u d k rarQmf u d k ; bJ


wpfckudkyJ wnfaxmifzdkY
uRefawmfwdkY oabmwlcJhMuw,f/ ynm
a&;0efBuD;Xme t&ifuydkifcJhwJh ajrae&m
udk tpdk;&uay;w,f/ NyD;wJhtcg tpdk;&u
ukrPDawGudk xyfzdwfac:apcsifw,f?
ukrP
t
D opf 37 ck uReaf wmfwYkd &vmw,f
qdkawmh pkpkaygif; 50 jzpfoGm;w,f}} vdkY
OD;wif0if;atmifu qdkygw,f/
taqmufttHk'DZdkif;udk enf;ynm
'k0efBuD;u tcrJhqGJay;cJhwm jzpfygw,f/
]]tm;vHk;aysmfMuw,f/ udk,fhpD;yGm;a&;
awGtaMumif; rawG;bJ trftdkifpDwDyghcf
atmifjrifzdkYudkyJ awG;aecJhMuwm/ ESpfwdkif;

csufeJY trfpDpDu pDpOfay;wm jzpfygw,f/


'ghjyif tusOf;OD;pD;Xme&JUpDrHcefYcGJrI
awG owif;tcsuftvuf pepfawGudk
vnf; pDpOfay;aeygao;w,f/
trfpDpD[m owif;tcsuftvufeJY
enf ; ynm0ef a qmif rI a wG u d k tpd k ; &
vkyfief;awGtwGufa&m? yk*vdu vkyfief;
awGtwGufyg aqmif&Gufay;aeNyD; jrefrm
EdkifiHrSm tBuD;qHk; tdkifpDwD0efaqmifrI
ukrPD jzpfw,fvdkY OD;wif0if;atmifu
qdkygw,f/
1986 trfppD u
D kd jrefrmEdik if rH mS yxrqH;k
uGefysLwmoifwef;tjzpf pwnfaxmifpOf
u tar&duefu qifuvJ uGefysLwmeJY
pifumylu tdkifbDtrf uGefysLwm ESpfvHk;yJ
&SdcJhygw,f/ 88 ta&;tcif;umvrSm
awmif oifwef;udk qufvufzGifhvSpfcJhMu
ygw,f/

aqmhzf0J? [mh'f0J a&mif;csjcif;awGtxd


vkyfief; wdk;csJUcJhygw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmifeJY OD;odef;OD;wdkY oli,f
csif;ESpfa,muf oD;jcm;ukrPDwpfckpD
cGx
J u
G x
f al xmifcMhJ uNy;D OD;ode;f OD;u aqmhzf
0J y d k i f ; ud k tom;ay;vk y f u d k i f c J h o vd k
OD;wif0if;atmifu ynma&;0efaqmifrIeJY
enf;ynmowif;tcsut
f vuf 0efaqmif
rIydkif;awGudk tmHkpdkufcJhygw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmifu vuf&SdtcsdefrSm
trfpDpD&JUOu|? jrefrmhqufoG,fa&;
uGef&uf&JU 'gdkufwmeJY uGefysLwmvkyfief;
toif;&JUOu|awGtjzpf aqmif&GufaeNyD;
t&ifu oli,fcsif;ESpfOD;vHk; 'kOu|
awGtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhwJh jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysL
wmtoif;csKyfrSm OD;odef;OD;u Ou|
jzpfvmcJhygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf&JU

1989 rSm tpdk;&u aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;


bufudk OD;wnfvmwJhtcg OD;wif0if;
atmifvnf; ukrP
u
D kd tvsit
f jref rSwyf kH
wifcJhygawmhw,f/
]]qdk&S,fvpfpepfatmufrSm aecJh&ay
r,fh pD;yGm;a&;eJY aiGaMu;ynmtaMumif;
oifay;r,fh q&maumif;awGeJY awGUcJhwm
uRefawmfwdkY uHaumif;ygw,f}} vdkY olu
qdkygw,f/
1985 avmufuae 1990 rwdkifcif
ESpfawGtwGif; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm tdkifwDe,f
y,f pwifay:aygufvmcJhwJh tcsdefrSm
trfpDpD[m aqmhzf0Ja&;qGJjcif;eJY aqmhzf0J
ydkif; jyemajz&Sif;jcif;? vkyfief;pepfrsm;
csdwfqufjcif;? euf0yfcsdwfqufjcif;eJY

rlvtzGJY0ifawG 0dkif;0ef;NyD; enf;ynm


taMumif; vltrsm; owdjyKrdvmatmif
b,fvdk vkyfrvJqdkwmudk tajz&SmcJhMu&m
uae trftdkifpDwDyghcfudk pwifzdkY jzpfvmcJh
ygw,f/ 1991 a&mufwJhtcg tdkifwD
ukrPDrSeforQ jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwm
toif;csKyfrSm tzGJU0ifawG jzpfaeygNyD/
ukrPDwpfckudk usyfodef; 100 pDeJY ukrPD
11 ck pkaygif;rwnfNyD; 'k0efBuD; OD;aomif;
wif & J U tul t nD e J Y software park
(enf;ynme,fajr) wpfckudk xlaxmif
cJhMuygw,f/
'Dvkyfief;atmifjrifapzdkYtwGuf rav;
&Sm;eJY tdEd,u software park awGudk
bmomjyefonf/
oGm;a&muf avhvmcJhMuygw,f/

software park

Asian Oceana Computer Industry Organization rSm

awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJ ESpfyGJ wuf&


w,f}}vdkY olu qdkygw,f/
OD;wif0if;atmif[m trftdkifpDwDyghcf
udkydkifwJh Myanmar ITC Development
Corporation rSmvnf; wnfaxmifol tzGUJ eJY
'gdkufwm tzGJU0ifjzpfygw,f/
]]rlvwnfaxmifoal wG 'gdu
k fwmtzGUJ
rSm tckxd &Sdao;w,f/ pufypnf;awG
u ao;oxuf ao;vm? aps;aygoxuf
aygvmNyD; pD;yGm;a&; wnfaqmufyHk
ajymif;vJrIuvnf; wpfurmvHk;rSm
odyfNyD; jrefqefaew,f}}vdkY olu qdkyg
w,f/
prwfzek ;f awGaMumifh vlwikd ;f enf;ynm
eJY xdawGUcGifh&vmwJhtwGuf 'Dvkyfief;
avmuwpfckvHk; ajymif;vJaew,fvdkY
OD;wif0if;atmifu qdkygw,f/
rdkbdkif;enf;ynm[m aemufuG,frSm
tcsuftvuf odkavSmifrItydkif;awGeJY
us,fjyefYwJh uGef&ufawG xm;&wJhtwGuf
pepfBuD;wpfck jzpfwJhtjyif jrefrmEdkifiHrSm
rdkbdkif;zkef;oHk;pGJrI xGef;um;vmwJhtwGuf
wpfudk,fa&oHk; uGefysLwm ta&mif;
aps;uGuf usqif;aew,fvdkYvnf; olu
oHk;oyfcJhygao;w,f/ g ausmh'gvDvif;

17

0ifaiG?toH;k p&dwef YJ aiGb,favmuf


pkaqmif;rdxm;ovJqdkwJh 0ifaiGxGuf
aiGpm&if;udk tao;pdwf rodEkdifwJh
tcsufu jrefrmEdkifiHu pD;yGm;a&;vkyf
ief;&SifawGtwGuf tcuftcJwpf&yfyg
yJvYkd Opportunities NOW atmfya&;&Si;f
'gdkufwm Adam Hunt u ajymonf/
]]0ifaiGxGufaiGpm&if;eJYywfoufNyD;
tao;pdwftcsuftvufawG pkaqmif;
xm;zkdY rjzpfEdkifwmaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHu
pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;i,fav;awG&JU atmif
jrifrIudk tuJjzwfzdkY cufcJvSygw,f}}
vkdY Adam Hunt u ajymygw,f/
]]aiGpm&if;awGudk xHk;wrf;tpOf
tvmt& pm&GufeJYabmyifudkyJ
toHk;jyKNyD; vkyfMuygw,f/ wu,fvdkY
vkyfief;i,fawGudk vkyfudkifaeMuwJh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGtwGuf
dk;&Sif;NyD;em;vnfvG,fwJh aiGaMu;pDrH
cefYcGJrIqdkif&mtufyvDau;&Sif;udk
olwdkYzkef;xJrSm xnfhay;xm;r,fqdk&if
0ifaiGxGufaiGpm&if;awGudk tvG,f
wul vkyfEdkifMurSmjzpfwJhtwGuf
olwdkY toHk;0ifovdk tzGJUtpnf;awG
twGufvnf; taxmuftyHhjzpfygw,f}}
vdkY Mr Hunt u ajymygw,f/
jrefrmbmomeJY a&;om;xm;wJh
vkyfief;&SifoHk; tufyvDau;&Sif;udk
Opportunities NOW u oifwef;qif;
vkyfief;&Sif tzGJYav;wpfzGJYu yxr
tqifh prf;oyfrIvkyfaeygw,f/
'Daqmhzf0Judk tao;pm;acs;aiGvkyfief;?
tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;? tifef*sDtdk?
trsKd;orD;vkyfief;&Sif tzGJYtpnf;awG
eJY zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufa&; tzGJYtpnf;awG
twGuf 2016 ckESpfrSm xkwfay;zdkY
pDpOfxm;ygw,f/
]]'DtufyvDau;&Sif;udk jrefrmEdkifiH
u tao;pm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawG
twGuf &nf&G,fxm;wmyg}}vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/

vuf&SdoHk;pGJaewJh toHk;p&dwfudk
tajccHNyD; ,SOfjyxm;wJh rwnfxm;wJh
t&if;tESD;eJY qufNyD;xnhfaewJht&if;
tESD;awGudk azmfjyay;EkdifwJh pepfawG
vnf; yg0ifygw,f/
]]'D tufyvDau;&Sif;[m vkyfief;
&SifeJY taxmuftuljyKtzGJUtpnf;
awGudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&JU vuf&Sd
aiGaMu;tajctaeudk csucf si;f odEikd af p
ygw,f}}vdkY Mr Hunt u ajymygw,f/
tultnDay;zdkYeJY apmifhMunfhzdkY
twGuf Opportunities NOW eJY
tquftoG,f&Edkifapr,fh owif;
tcsuftvufay;EkdifwJh yvufazmif;
wpfckvnf; 'DtufyvDau;&Sif;rSm
yg0ifygw,f/
]]BudKwifowfrSwfxm;wJh pHEIef;eJY
tajccHpepfrSm xnfhoGif;xm;wJh
tcsuftvufawGudk pdppfay;wJh
pepfawG[m 'DtufyvDau;&Sif;&JU
txl;jcm;qHk; tcsufawGygyJ}}vdkY Mr
Hunt u ajymygw,f/

rsm;&ufowywf (Global Entrepreneurship Week) jzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiH


wpf0ef;uNrdKUBuD; 10 NrdKUrSm tcrf;tem;
aygif; 40 ausmfudk usif;yaeygw,f/
Opportunities NOW tzGJUuvnf;
pD;yGm;a&; pDrHudef;NydKifyGJESpfckeJYtao;pm;
acs;aiGvkyfief;qdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;
awGUqHkyGJudk vufcHusif;yay;oGm;zdkY
&Sdygw,f/
]]'DtufyvDau;&Sif;udk tcrJh
oHk;cGihfay;zdkYeJY &Sif;jyzdkY tao;pm;acs;aiG
vkyfief;u vkyfief;&SifawGtm;vHk;udk
zdwfac:zdkY pDpOfxm;ygw,f}}vdkY olu
ajymygw,f/
tufyvDau;&Sif;udk pwifjzpfwmu

aiGjywfawmhr,fhqJqJ jzpfvmwmrsKd;
wdkY? wjcm; tcuftcJwpfckckjzpfvm
EkdifwJh tvm;tvm&SdvmEkdifwJhtcg
rsKd;awGrSm owday;csuftaeeJY ]] teD
a&miftvHawG}} jyay;ygw,f/
]]'DtufyvDau;&Sif; taMumif;udk
uRefawmf vkyfief;&Sifawmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJY
ajymjzpfcJhygw,f/ olwdkY 'grsKd;t&ifu
rMum;zl;Mubl;vdkY ajymMuygw,f}} vdkY
olu ajymygw,f/
Edk0ifbm 16 &ufae 22 &ufaeY
txd &ufowywf[m urmhvkyfief;&Sif

awmh 2014 ckESpf? pufwifbmvxJrSm


yg/ enf;ynmqdkif&mynmjrifhwifa&;
tjzpf zefwD;&mu a';Apfruf'efu
Opportunities NOW yl;wGJwnfaxmif
ol dkif,ef&yfqJvfeJY rwfa0gavhpf
wdkYeJY awGUYNyD;wJhaemufrSm pwifpDpOfjzpf
cJhMuwmvkdY od&ygw,f/
]]jynfwGif;u ukrPDawGtwGuf
enf;ynmqdkif&mjyyGJNydKifyGJrSm pD;yGm;a&;eJY
qkdifwmwpfckck jyozkdY a';ApfutMuHjyK
cJhygw,f}}vdkY Mr Hunt u ajymygw,f/
'gaMumifh Opportunities Now tzGJU

atmfya&;&Si;f 'gu
kd w
f m rpwm tm'rf[efx
Y u
f jrefrmpmtufyvDau;&Si;f taMumif; jyoaepOf/

"mwfyykH g tao;pm;vkyif ef;&Sif uav;upm;p&mypn;f rsm; zefw;D olu oifwef;ausmif;u tusK;d tjrwfrsm;pGm &&Sad Mumif;
ajymMum;oGm;ygw,f/ t'rf[efx
Y u
f tJ'v
D yk if ef;&Si[
f m atmf'gawGtrsm;Bu;D &aeygNyv
D Ykd qdyk gw,f/ "mwfykH ay;ydYk

[m vkyfief;&SifawGtwGuf aqmhzf0Jwpfck
a&;om;zdkY vufcHcJhNyD; 'DtufyvDau;
&Sif;uawmh Opportunities NOW &JU
vkyfief;i,fydkif&Sifaygif; rsm;pGmu olwdkY
&JU 0ifaiGxGufaiGpm&if;udk ydkNyD;vG,fvG,f
ulul jyKpkoGm;Ekdifatmif ulnDay;zdkY
twGufygyJ/
]]vkyfief;&SifawGu olwdkY&JU 0ifaiG
xGufaiGpm&if;udk olwdkYzkef;awGrSm
xnhfxm;vkdY&atmif rkdbdkif;tufyvD
au;&Sif;wpfckudk uRefawmfwkdY toHk;
jyKcsifcJhMuygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
enf;ynmqdik &f m jyyGNJ yKd iyf t
JG Ny;D rSmawmh
Opprotunities NOW [m New Westminster Institute u tufyvDau;&Sif;a&;wJh
udo
k ufEidk pf ;kd eJY tcsw
d t
f quf&cJNh y;D rdb
k ikd ;f
tufyvDau;&Sif;ukd a&;om;cJhygw,f/
]]'DZifbmvrSm 'DtufyvDau;&Sif;udk
jzefYcsdzdkY pDpOfxm;ygw,f}}vkdY Mr Hunt u
ajymygw,f/
vIdifNrdKUe,frSm zGifhxm;wJh Opportunities NOW rSm EdkifiHjcm;om;0efxrf;
ajcmufa,mufeJY jrefrm0efxrf; 11
a,muf&Sdygw,f/ Hk;cef;awGudk &efukef?
yJcl;eJY oHwGJrSm zGifhvSpfxm;NyD; ausmif;
om; 150 ausmfudk oifwef;ay;xm;NyD;
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;ukrPD 70 ausmfudk
zGifhvSpfay;xm;ygw,f/
tcGifhta&;eJY t&if;tjrpfr&Sdwm
aMumifh jrefrmawmfawmfrsm;rsm; aemufus
usefaecJh&wmvdkY oluqdkygw,f/
]]pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;awG pwifzYdk aiGaMu;
eJY t&if;tjrpftygt0if vkyfief;pwif
&mrSm odoifw
h t
hJ csut
f vufawGukd vuf
awGYoifMum;ay;zkdY uRefawmfwkdYausmif;
udk zGifhvSpfcJhwmyg/ jrefrmEdkifiH&JU rdkbdkif;
enf;ynm[m twkdif;twmwpfcktxd
wdk;wufvmaewm awGUae&ygw,f/ 'g
aMumifh ynma&;eJY aiGaMu;0efaqmifrI
awG &&SdEdkifzdkYtwGuf u@opfwpf&yf
yGifhvmygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
]]'DtcGifhtvrf;awGu jrefrmEkdifiHu
vkyfief;i,fav;awG&JU t&nftaoG;udk
ydkaumif;vmaprSmyg/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU
&nfrSef;csufuawmh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
qkdif&m ynmeJY t&if;tjrpfay;zdkUygyJ}}
vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
vkyfief;i,fav;awGuae &vmwJh
0ifaiGeJY rdom;pk&JU ynma&;?usef;rma&;
pwmawGudk ydkaumif;vmapEkdifwJhtjyif
tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;awG ydk&vm
wmeJYtrQ vlrItzGJYtpnf;twGif;rSm
tajymif;tvJawG jzpfvmEkdifw,f

"mwfykH oD&v
d l

vdkYvnf; olu ajymygw,f/


]]jrefrmjynfolawGudk rSefuefwJh
t&if;tjrpfeJY axmufyHhrIawG ay;vkduf
&if atmifjrifrIawG &vmMurSmyg}} vdkY
olu ajymygw,f/
oifwef;rSm wufa&mufzdkY a&G;cs,f
cH&olawGudk pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfck
b,fvkd pwifvkyfudkifovJqdkwmudk
vufawGUoifMum;ay;ygw,f/
ukefusp&dwf cefYrSef;csufyg xkdufoifh
wJh pD;yGm;a&;pDrHcsufudkvnf; pDpOfay;
ygw,f/ NyD;awmh pD;yGm;a&;pwifzdkY
twGuf acs;aiG a':vm 500 uae
2000 txdudkvnf; oifwef;ausmif;
u xkwfacs;ay;ygw,f/
rwnfay;wJhaiGaMu;awG&JU &if;jrpf
uawmh omrmefvlwef;pm;jzpfwJh Mr
Hunt eJY olU&JU rdwfaqGtodkif;t0dkif;
awGqDuyg/ tar&duefEdkifiHu pD;yGm;
a&;vkyfief;&SifuGef&ufwpfcku ynm&Sif
awGuvnf; vmNyD;oifay;Muygw,f/
tif'D,m;em;jynfe,fom; Mr Hunt
[m Purdue wuokdvfuae Network
Engineering Technology bGJUudk 2006
ckESpfrSm &cJhwmyg/ olYZeD;bufofeJY
twl jrefrmEkdifiHrSm 2013 ckESpfuwnf;
u vmNyD; tvkyfvkyfaeMuwmyg/
]]'DrSm tvkyfvmvkyfjzpfwm rSefuef
wJh qHk;jzwfcsufygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY
&ifqkdif&wJh tcuftcJuawmh
tajymif;tvJu aES;auG;NyD; Oya'
awGuvnf; ra&&mraocsmvSygbl;/
'gaMumifh 'DrSm pD;yGm;a&;vkyf&wm
cufcJygw,f}}vkdY olu ajymygw,f/
olwdkYoifwef;ausmif;uae
atmifjrifrI &oGm;wJh olwpfOD;uawmh
opfom;eJY tkyfawGvkyfNyD; rlBudKausmif;
awGudk a&mif;wJh OD;av;BuD;wpfOD;yg/
]]uRefawmfwkdYausmif;udk ola&muf
vmwJhtcsdefrSm olu tkyfawG vkyf
wwfygw,f/ olYpD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;
twGuf uRefawmfwdkYu aps;uGuf
okawoevkyfay;cJhygw,f/ vkyfief;
pwifr,fh ukefusp&dwftygt0ifyg/
rSefuefwJh cefYrSef;csuf&wJhtwGuf
olYtwGuf tusKd;&Sdygw,f/ NyD;awmh
olYudk aiGxkwfacs;ay;vkdufygw,f}} vkdY
olu&Sif;jyygw,f/
]]oltckawmh atmf'gawG trsm;BuD;
&aeygw,f/ olYvkyfief;wdk;csJUzdkYtwGuf
olUudk 'kwd,tBudrf aiGxkwfacs;ay;
xm;ygw,f}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/g
oD&drif;xGef;

bmomjyefonf/

18

,ckq&kd if wpf[kefxdk;rem;wrf; wdk;wufvmaeygNyDvdkY


jrefrmhowif;ESifh qufoG,fa&;enf;ynme,fy,frSm
ta&;ygwJhyk*dKvfBuD;wpfOD;u ajymygw,f/
]]b,ftpdk;&wufwuf jrefrmh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI jzpfxGef;vmygr,fvdkY uRefawmf
,HkMunfrI &Sdygw,f/ b,ftpdk;&yJjzpfap wdk;wufzdkY
BudK;pm;&mrSm wjcm;a&G;jc,frI r&SdwJhtwGufaMumifh
tdkifpDwDudk toHk;jyKMu&rSmjzpfygyJ}}vdkY jrefrm
EkdifiHrSm OD;aqmifaewJh aqmhzf0Jynm&SifOD;odef;OD;u
qdkygw,f/
OD;odef;OD;udk &efukef&Sd ol&JU trftdkifpDwDyghcfHk;cef;
rSm qHkrd&ifawmh tdkifpDwDZmwfcHkeJY rdkbdkif; ajymif;vJrI
awGrSm olu b,favmuf ta&;ygwJhae&mrSm yg0if
w,fqdkwmudk oifodem;vnfvmrSmyg/
]]uRefawmfwdkYu EdkifiHawmfudk wdk;wufatmif
vkyfr,fqdk&if tdkifpDwDudk wdk;wufatmifvkyf&rSm
jzpfygw,f/ tpdk;&aumif;? oefY&Sif;wJhtpdk;&? yGifhvif;
jrifomrI? w&m;rQwwJh ,SOfNydKifrIESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsrI
awGyg0ifwJh tajccHuswJh tcGifta&;awGudk jyKvkyfzdkY
qdkwm aumif;rGefwJh b,ftpdk;&rqdk jyKvkyfzdkYvdkyg
w,f/ 'gawG[m tdkifpDwDudk tusKd;&Sd&Sd toHk;csrSmom
jzpfvmEdkifrSmyg/}}
trftdkifpDwDyghcfudk wnfaxmif&mrSm t"duuswJh
olwpfO;D tjzpfeYJ vuf&OdS u|wm0efae&mudyk g OD;ode;f
OD;u todtrSwfjyKjcif; cHxm;&ygw,f/ olu t&if
wkef;u jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmtoif;csKyf Ou| jzpfyg
w,f/ tJ'Dae&mudk Myanmar Information and
Communication

Technology

Development

uydkifNyD; oD;oefY &yfwnfrI


D u
D @tm;vH;k
taeeJY MICTDC vdYk ac:ygw,f/ tdik pf w
udk ydkaumif;atmif vkyfaeygw,fvdkY OD;odef;OD;u
ajymygw,f/
]]tdkifpDwDu@[m tckxufydkNyD;wdk;wufoifhyg
w,f /
td k i f p D w D a e&mawG
wd k ; wuf r I u d k
&efukefrSmomru rEav;eJY jyifOD;vGifteD; Cyber
City wGifvnf; tpysdK;xm;ygw,f/ e-government
twGuf ckEpS cf yk g0ifwhJ e-Visa, e-Passport, (electronic
Data interchange) tDvufx&Gef;epfpepfjzifh tcsuf
tvufrsm; zvS,fjcif;? tDvufx&Gef;epfpepfjzifh
0efaqmifrIrsm;&,ljcif;? Smart School, Smart Card
eJY Certification Authority awGudk a&SUajy;pDrHudef;wGif
aqmif&Gufxm;ygw,f/ 'gawGtm;vHk;udk 2000
jynfhESpfwnf;u pcJhwmyg/ av;q,fxufrenf;wJh
BuKd wif pDru
H ed ;f udk owfrw
S Nf yD 2001 -rS 2005 tdik pf w
D D
pDrHudef;twGuf oHk;ckjyifqifcJhNyD; 2006 rS 2010
twGuf 2011 rS 2015 twGufvnf; xdkenf;wl
jyifqifcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYu 'DpDrHudef;awGudk
taumiftxnfazmfEdkifcJh&if uRefawmfwdkY tckxuf
ydkNyD;wdk;wufrSmjzpfygw,f}}vdkY oluajymygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiH uGefysLwmtoif;csKyfOu|tjzpf
OD;odef;OD; pwifwm0efxrf;aqmifwJhtcsdefuqdk&if
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU 0efBuD;csKyfawGu Myanmar Computer
Science Development Council (MCSDC) rSm
obmywdawG jzpfygw,f/
]]tpdk;&trIaqmifawG&JU tjrifhqHk;tvTmrSm tJ'D
0efBuD;awGeJYyl;aygif;NyD; vkyfudkifcGifh&wJhtwGuf
uRefawmf tvGefuHaumif;cJhygw,f/ aumifpD&JU &nf
rSef;csufawGudk taumiftxnfazmfzdkY uRefawmfwdkYrSm
e-National Task Force (e-NTF) &Sdygw,f/ 'DzGJUpnf;
wnfaqmufyHk tusKd;aus;Zl;aMumifhom trftdkif
pDwDyghcfudk aumiftxnfazmfEdkifcJhwmyg/ aumifpD
Corporation (MICTDC)

obmywdukd owif;tcsut
f vuf OD;pD;csKyaf e&may;
NyD; e-government udk 2005 ckESpfxJrSm tjynfht0
taumiftxnfazmfEdkifcJhr,fvdkY uRefawmfwdkY vufcH
,HkMunfcJhygw,f/ arQmfvifhrxm;bJ oluqHk;ygoGm;
cJhawmh 'Dt&mawGudk qufrvkyfaqmifEdkifao;
wmyg/}}
'gayrJh ,aeYawmh 'Dt&mawGudk jyefvnf
aqmif&GufEdkifcJhwJhtwGuf ol0rf;omrdygw,f/
]]tckawmh e-government Master Plan udk
tm&SzGHUNzdK;a&;bPf&JU tultnDjzifh NyD;pD;atmif
vkyfaqmifEdkifcJhwmudk xkwfjyefaMunmNyD;jzpfygw,f/
jrefrmtpdk;&\ &if;ESD;jrKyfESH[mvnf; 'DpDrHudef;udk
wnfwzhH &Ykd mtwGuf tm;wufapwJah qmif&u
G rf I wpfck
vdkY uRefawmfarQmfvifhygw,f}}vdkY oluqdkygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkY tjrifawG? wm0efawGeJY tpDtpOf
awGu aumif;vSygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY vdktyfwm
uawmh qufvufNyD; yHkazmfzdkYygbJ/ e-government udk
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif orw 'grSr[kwf tenf;
qHk; 'korwjzpfjzpf OD;aqmifum tusKd;&Sd&Sd yl;aygif;
vkyfaqmifEdkifNyD;a&;qGJ jy|mef;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkuRefawmf
xifygw,f}}[k oluajymygw,f/
2012 'DZifbm 3 &ufukd jyefMunhfr,fqdk&if jrefrmh
qufoG,fa&; tajccHtaqmufttHkudk wdk;wufzdkY&m
rQwwJh pepfwpfckrSm vkyfief;&SifawGu'Dxufydkyg0if
,SOfNydKifEdkifzdkY 'DEdkifiHrSm vdktyfaew,fvdkY OD;odef;OD; u
tcdkiftrm,HkMunfxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh qufoG,f
a&; Oya'udk tusKd;&Sd&Sd tvsiftjref xkwfjyefEdkif&ef
twGuf tqdkjyKxm;wJh qufoG,fa&;Oya'twGuf
vTwfawmfeJY aumfr&SiftzGJY0ifrsm;?tpdk;& t&m&SdBuD;
rsm;ESihf yk*v
u
d vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;yg0ifwhJ yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif;
aqG;aEG;yGJwpfckudk OD;odef;OD; OD;pD;um jyKvkyfcJhygw,f/
tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u wpfOD;wnf;ydkif qufoG,fa&;
vkyif ef;&Siu
f awmh tpd;k &ydik f jrefrmh qufo,
G af &;vkyf
ief; MPT wpfOD;wnf;yJjzpfygw,f/ 'DaqG;aEG;yGJ
&v'fuawmh ,aeY jrefrmqufoG,fa&;ajymif;vJr
IxJurS bmawGajymif;vJcJhw,fqdkwmyJjzpfygw,f/

oifMum;cJhNyD; xdkESpfrSmyJ ppfwyfu jrefrmtpdk;&udk


tmPmodrf;cJhygw,f/ txufwef;ausmif;NyD;aemuf
1965 rSm pD;yGm;a&;wuodkvfrSm qufvuf wuf
a&mufcJhygw,f/ 1970 jynfhESpf bGJU&NyD;aemuf
tJ'DwuodkvfrSm q&mjyefvkyfcJhygw,f/
]]xdkpOfu uRefawmfwdkY q&mawGtrsm;pku NAdwdef
wdYk tar&duefwrYkd mS avhusiNhf y;D om;awGaygh/ olwaYkd wG
u t&rf;awmfMuw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYXmeu acgif;
aqmifqdk&if Harvard wuodkvfrSm ynmoifMum;
vmcJhwmyg/ wcsKdUu pwef;zdkY'f? udef;b&pfcsf?
csDum*dk? udkvHbD,m pojzifhaygh/ ausmif;om; trsm;pk
u wpfvudk 57 usyfay;&wJh taqmifrSmaeMu

&cdkifjynfe,f&Sd ppfawGeJYodyfra0;wJh &Gmwpf&Gm


wGif 1948 ckESpfu wpfOD;wnf;aom om; OD;odef;OD;
udk arG;zGm;cJhNyD; olYzcifu oltouf 3 ESpf t&G,frSm
qHk;yg;oGm;cJhygw,f/ olYrdcifuyJ olYudkausmif;xm;NyD;
jyKpkapmifha&SmufvmcJhygw,f/
]]tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u &cdkifu <u,f0wJhae&mwpfck
jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwdkYrSm obm0o,HZmw tajrmuf
tjrm;&SdcJhNyD; ynmwwfvlOD;a&vnf; rsm;ygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkYu wjcm;EdkifiHu tvkyform;awGudk
trSDo[JjyKMu&ygw,f/ 'DaeYacwfeJYawmh wjcm;pD
ygbJ}}
OD;odef;OD;udk i,fpOfu ausmufawmfudk ydkYNyD;
tbGm;&JU nDrtdrfrSmaeum ppfawGrSm tv,fwef;
ausmif;wufapcJhygw,f/ ol &Spfwef; a&mufwJhtcsdef
rSmawmh &efukefudkajymif;vmum 1962 rSm A[dktpdk;&
tqifhjrifhtxufwef;ausmif;rSm qufvufynm

ygw,f/
pD ; yG m ;a&;wu o d k v f r S m ol Y q &mrsm;xJ u
wpfa,mufjzpfwJh &efukefwuodkvfrSm ygarmucsKyf
jzpfvmwJh OD;odef;OD;u ,ltifef'DyD&JU axmufyHhrIeJY
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm yxrqHk;zGifhvSpfwJh Universities'
Computer Center (UCC) rSm 0ifzdkYurf;vSrf;cJhygw,f/
'gaMumifh 1971 ckESpfrSm OD;odef;OD;u UCC rSm
yl;aygif;cJhNyD; tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u oufqdkif&mynm&yfrSm
acwftrDqHk;eJY tqifhtjrifhqHk; jzpfwJh olY&JU yxrqHk;
uGefysLwm ICL 1902 jzifh pufazmufuyfjym;rsm;udk
tokwfvdkuf vkyfaqmifcJhwmudk rSwfrdaeygao;
w,f/
1974 ckESpfrSm OD;odef;OD;[m vef'efudk oGm;a&muf
NyD; International Computer Limited (ICL) rSm avhusifh
oifMum;cJhum University of Portsmouth rSm pDrH
tkyfcsKyfrIydkif;udk qnf;yl;cJhygw,f/

OD;ode;f OD;udk trftikd pf w


D yD ufcf ta&SUwiG f awGU&pOf/

"mwfy-Hk Edik 0f if;xGe;f

1976 ckEpS rf mS awmh olu&efuek jf yefvmcJNh y;D Senior


wpfa,mufjzpfvmcJhygw,f/
xdktcsdefu UCC rSm PDP 11^70 uGefysLwm
tvwfpm;wpfckom &SdcJhygw,f/ UCC rSm tvkyf
vkyfaepOftwGif; UNDP &JUaiGaMu;axmufyHhrIeJY
Computing Development Project (CDP) uGefysLwm
oHk;pGJrI wdk;wufa&;pDrHudef;udk 1985 ckESpfrSm EdkifiH
awmftwdkifyifcHyk*dKvftaeeJY yg0ifcJhw,f/
]]'DpDrHudef;&JU &nf&G,fcsufuawmh e-government
vkyfzdkYyg/ uRefawmfhq&mawGeJY vkyfazmfudkifzufawG
trsm;pkuawmh EdkifiHjcm;rSmtvkyfvkyfzdkY jrefrmjynfu
xGufoGm;cJhMuygw,f/ wcsKdUuawmh qHk;yg;oGm;ygNyD/
uRefawmfuawmh usefcJhwJholenf;enf;xJu wpfOD;
aygh}}
olu 1987 ckESpfrSm ,lpDpDuaexGufcJhNyD;
,ltifef'DyD&JU jrefrmEdkifiHHk;rSm tcsdefydkif;vkyfcJhNyD;
0efxrf;awGudk uGefysLwmb,fvkdtoHk;jyK&r,fqdkwm
oifMum;ay;cJhygw,f/ wcsdefwnf;rSmyJ pD;yGm;a&;
wuodkvfu olYoli,fcsif; OD;wif0if;atmifeJYtwl
trfpDpDudk yxrOD;qHk; pwifwnfaxmif&mrSm
ausmif;om;awGudk aqmhzf0J tif*sifeD,moifMum;
ay;NyD; yg0iftvkyfcJhygw,f/ 1992 ckESpfrSm OD;odef;OD;
u olYudk,fydkifpD;yGm;a&;jzpfwJY ACE Data Systems
udk olYa,mur&JU tvkyfHku uGefysLwmESpfvHk;eJY pwif
wnfaxmifcJhygw,f/ ]]jrefrmEdkifiHrSmyxrqHk;aom
accounting software udk uRefawmfcsJUxGifcJhNyD; 1993
ckESpfrSm tJ'Daqmhzf0Judk pwifjzefYjzL;cJhum xdktvkyf
Hkuae NrdKUxJql;avbk&m;em;udk ajymif;a&TUcNyD;
uReaf wmfwYkd vl 30 avmufxu
d kd wd;k csUJ jzefjY zL;vmEdik cf hJ
ygw,f}}vdkY olu ajymygw,f/
]]uRefawmf'D accounting software udk csJUxGifEdkifcJh
wmuvnf; pD;yGm;a&;wuodkvf ukefoG,fa&;XmerSm
tapmydkif;avmufu uRefawmfavhusifhcJhwmudk
aus;Zl;wif&rSmyg/ uRefawmfvdk applications
software developer wpfa,muftwGufawmh pD;yGm;
a&;e,fy,fudk aocsmem;vnfzdkYuvnf; tvGef
Programmer-Analyst

pmrsufESm 19 odkY

19

txl;0efaqmifrI ay;wmrsKd;vnf;
&Sdygw,f/ vufvDoHk;pGJol awGtaeeJY
t&nftaoG;tmrcHcsuf tjynfht0
wpfvudk 1GB oHk;pGJcGifhyg0ifwJh 1 Mbps
ay;EdkifwJh bvl;a0hzf jrefEIef;jrifh
a'gif;vkwfEIef;uaepNyD; yvufwDerf
tdkiftufpfyD yav&mtopfudk
tqifhjzpfwJh wpfvudk 80 GB oHk;pGJcGifh
yg0ifwJh 10 Mbps a'gif;vkyfEIef;xd
'DwpfywfrSm usif;yjyKvkyfr,fhyGJrSm
0,f,l oHk;pGJEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f}}vdkY rpwm
pwifrdwfay;awmhrSm jzpfw,fvdkY
vmdkUu ajymygw,f/
bvl;a0hzfukrPDu tBuD;tuJ
]]rEav;rSm aewJhvlyJjzpfjzpf? Nrdwf?
jzpfol uvJrefYvmdkUu qdkygw,f/
vm;dI;? ppfawG 'grSr[kwf &efukefrSm
]]uRefawmfwdkY bvl;a0hzfu jrefrm
aewJh vlyJjzpfjzpf jrefrmwpfjynfvHk;u
EdkifiH&J hae&mwdkif;udk jrefqef
oHk;pGJolawGqD wlnDwJhEIef;eJY wef;wl
wJh tifwmeufvdkif;awG 0efaqmifrI
ay;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'DvdktmrcHcsuf 0efaqmifrI ay;oGm;rSmyg/ 'DrSmu
vdkif;qGJtm; cPcP uswmawG?
tjynfht0ay;EdkifwJh tifwmeuf
vdkif;jywfawmufoGm;wmawGudk
qufoG,fa&;EIef;eJY tifwmeufu
[dkw,fBuD;awGrSm jzpfaewmawmif
wdkufkdufxkwfvTifhrI tpDtpOfawG?
awGU&ygw,f/
0ufbfqdkbf0ifa&muf MunfhIwmawG?
uRefawmfwdkY&JU pepfwus pDrHwyfqif
AD'D,dkoHk; aqG;aEG;yGJawG pwmawGudk
xm;wJh N*dK[fwkeJY zdkufbmpepfawGeJYqdk
oHk;pGJolawG[m EdkifiHwumeJY wef;wl
'DtcuftcJawGukd tcsed w
f t
kd wGi;f
0efaqmifrIrsKd;&&SdrSm jzpfygw,f}}vdkY
ajz&Si;f oGm;EdkifrSmyg}} vdkY if;u
rpwmvmdkUu ajymygw,f/
ajymygw,f/
bvl;a0hzf udk Edk0ifbm 16 &ufrSm
bvl;a0hzfeJY tusKd;wl yl;aygif;aqmif
w&m;0if pwifrdwfqufay;oGm;rSmjzpfyg
&GufwJhtzGJUtpnf;awGuawmh pifumyl
w,f/ acwftrDqHk; tqifhjrifhenf;
ynmawG toHk;jyKxm;wJh bvl;a0hzf[m xdyfwef; zkef;ukrPDBuD;wpfckjzpfwJh
Sing Tel eJY N*dK[fwkqufoG,fa&;
tcsdefeJY wpfajy;nD ,HkMunfpdwfcs&wJh
ukrPDBuD; Eutelsat wdkY jzpfygw,f/
N*dK[fwk qufoG,fa&; 0efaqmifrI
Eutelsat [m N*dK[fwkqufoG,f
rsKd;ay;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/
aus;vufa'oawGtygt0if jrefrm a&;avmurSm tESpf 30 ausmf
EdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;&SdoHk;pGJolwikd ;f udk 10Mbps tawGUtMuHK&SdNyD; N*dK[fwkaygif; 38 ck
txd&w
dS hJ tifwmeuf0efaqmifrI wpfajy; vTwfwifxm;wJh ukrPDBuD; wpfck
nD ay;oGm;rSmjzpfNyD; tzGJUtpnf;BuD;
jzpfygw,f/ 'ghjyif ,lkdU? tmz&du?
awGrSm tqifajymacsmarGUpGm oHk;pGJ
tm&SeJY tar&du&Sd EdkifiHaygif; 150
Edkifa&; twGufvnf; aumfydk&dwf
ausmfrS tdrfawGudk tifwmeuf? 0dkif,m
uyfpfwrfrm tpDtpOfudk xnfhoGif;
eJY N*dKvfwk enf;ynmoHk; w,fvDaA;&Sif;
xm;ygw,f/
awGtjyif kyfoHvdkif;aygif; 5700
tifwmeuf oHk;pGJc awGuawmh
ausmfudk 0efaqmifrIay;aeygw,f/
udk,foHk;pGJr,fh r*gbdkuf yrmP
]]uRefawmfwdkY&J h IP Easy enf;
ynmudk tckvdk tm&SrSm yxrqHk;
tay:rlwnfrSmjzpfNyD; vpOf oHk;pGJ
toHk;jyKcGifh&wm *kPf,lrdygw,f/
cGifhawGukdvnf; 0,f,lEdkifygw,f/
jrefrmEdkifiH&JU vlrIa&;eJY pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;
]]uRefawmfwdkYu oHk;pGJolawG
zdkY tcsuftcsmuswJh qufoG,fa&;
tqifajyatmif vufvDa&mif;csay;
ydkif;rSm bvl;a0hzfeJYtwlyl;aygif;NyD;
ovdk tzGJUtpnf;BuD;awGtwGuf

yg0ifcGifh&wJhtwGufvnf;
0rf;ajrmuf rdygw,f/ EUTELSAT
N*dK[fwkenf;ynmudk jrefrmEdkifiH
tygt0if ta&SUawmiftm&SEdkifiH
awGrSmyg toHk;jyKoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/
tckvIyf&Sm;rI[mqdk&ifvnf; tm&S
ypdzdwfa'owpfcGifrSm Eutelsat enf;
ynmudk ajray:? a&atmuf? a0[if
rusef toHk;jyKEdkifa&;twGuf
yxrajcvSrf; jzpfygw,f}}vdkY Eutelsat
&JU pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;rI 'gdkufwm rpwm
tufpfbufwfu ajymygw,f/
tckvuf&Sd jrefrmEdkifiH&JU vIdif;us,f
tifwmeuf[m ESpf&mcdkifEIef;atmuf
enf;aeNyD; bvl;a0hzfu tdkiftufpfyD
yav,m topfudkoHk;um tifwmeuf
vdkif;qGJtm; ododomomwdk;jrifhay;EdkifzdkY
&nf&G,faMumif;od&ygw,f/
]]ckvuf&Sd jrefrmjynfrSmoHk;aewJh
pDrD;0D (SEAMEWE) 3 a&atmuf
0g,mBudK; qufoG,fa&;pepf[m
qdk&if acwfukefaeawmh rMumcP
pufpnf;ydkif; jyem wufwmawG
MuHK&ygw,f/ xdkif;EdkifiHudk jzwfoGm;
wJh ajray: 0dkif,mBudK;awG[mvnf;
cPcPjywfawmufNyD; vdkif;qGJtm;
ay;wJhae&mrSm tuefYtowfeJY jzpfae
ygw,f}}vdkY vmdkUu ajymygw,f/
]]wjcm;ae&mawGwifrubJ
&efukefNrdKUv,faumifrSmawmif
tifwmeufEIef;u t&rf;aES;NyD;
pdwfcsufvufcs oHk;vdkYr&ygbl;/
tckaemufydkif; zkef;eJYtcsdefwdk tifwm
euf toHk;jyKvmEdkifwmu 'Djyemudk
twdkif;twmwpfcktxd ajz&Sif;EdkifcJh
ygw,f/
'gayrJh tzGJUtpnf;BuD;awG?
tdrfawG ae&mrsKd;awGrSm vdkif;qGJtm;
aumif;aumif;eJY oufaomifhoufom
toHk;jyKEdkifzdkYqdk tck&SdNyD;om;
0efaqmifrIEIef;[m tqifrajyygbl;}}
vdkY vmdkUu ajymyg
w,f/ g jrifhjrwfol bmomjyefonf/

pmrsufESm 18 rS

ta&;BuD;w,fav/}}
OD;odef;OD;&JU ACE Data Systems u
jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh bPfBuD;awG tm;vHk;
eD;yg;tjyif tmrcHurk P
aD wG? [dw
k ,fawG?
Supermarket awGeJY ukefxkwfvkyfa&;
vkyfief;awGrSm aqmhzf0JjzefYcsdcJhwm[m
1994 ckESpfuwnf;u jzpfygw,f/
oluyJ jrefrmEdik if rH mS yxrqH;k ATM puf
udk 1996 ckEpS rf mS Mayflower Bank twGuf
pwifrw
d q
f uf ay;cJyh gw,f/ 'DbPfu tck
tcgrSmawmh zsufodrf;oGm;NyDjzpfygw,f/
aemufq;kH ydik ;f 2011 ckEpS x
f rJ mS olu *smref
uae ATM pufawGudk ydkrdk0,f,lcJhyg
w,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkY vkyfief;&JUwpf0ufausmf
avmufu EdkifiHwumu t&if;tjrpfawG
jzpfaewmaMumifh ACE u EdkifiHwum
twkdif;twmt& jynfy&if;jrpfrsm;eJY
jyKvkyfxm;wJh yxrqHk;aom IT ukrPD

wpfckvdkvnf; qdk&rSmaygh}} olu qkdyg


w,f/
uGefysLwmodyH zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIOya'
udk 1996 ckESpfrSm jrefrmtpdk;&u csrSwf
Myanmar
Computer
vd k u f u m
Professionals Association (MCPA) rSm
OD;odef;OD;u Ou|jzpfvmcJhygw,f/ 1998
ckESpfrSm Myanmar Computer Federation
(MCF) rSm 'kwd, Ou|jzpfvmcJhNyD; MCF
rSmyJ 2003 ckESpfrSm Ou| jzpfvmcJhyg
w,f/

Language Processing Standards rSm Ou|


tjzpfvnf;aumif;? yg0ifrIawG[m olY&JU
ta&;ygvSwhJ aqmif&u
G rf aI wGyjJ zpfygw,f/
]]tJ'DtcsdefrSmwkef;u tqifhjrifhenf;
ynmvkyfaqmifolawG[m NrdKUvnfae&m
wpf0dkufrSmawmif usJyg;aeqJjzpfwm
aMumifh enf;ynme,fy,frSm ESpfjrKyfNyD;
vkyaf qmifzYkd ae&mwpfae&mudk &SmazGcw
hJ m
yg}}vdkYolu ajymygw,f/ tdEd,EdkifiH
Bangalore rSm&SdwJh Software Technology
Parks of India, Hyderabad rSm&SdwJh High
Y2K Problem Solving Committee Tech City, Thailand rSm&Sw
d hJ Software Park,
rSm acgif;aqmiftjzpfvnf;aumif;? 2003 Malaysia rSm&SdwJh Multimedia Super
rSm ICT Standardization Steering Corridor (MSC) awGudkoGm;a&mufcJhNyD;
Committee rSm Ou| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? awmh uRefawmfwdkYrSmvnf; IT Parks eJY
2005- rS 2007 twGif; ASEAN Working internet services awG vdktyfaewmudk
group for Universal Access, Digital Divide owdxm;rdcJhygw,f}}
and e-Government rSm Ou|tjzpfvnf;
MICTDC(Myanmar ICT Development
aumif;? Working Group for Myanmar Corporation)udk yHak zmf wnfaxmifol 11 OD;

pDtt
kd kd uvJrefv
Y mdUk ('l;axmufaeol)? udjk rihrf ;kd pd;k (tif*sief ,
D m)? raromxGe;f (ta&mif;
ESifh aps;uGurf efae*sm)? rpwm&mbD&eS u
f m(ta&mif;Xmer;)wdu
Yk kd awGU&pOf/ "mwfykH ay;ydYk
ESihf yxrqH;k awGUqHyk u
JG awmh 1999 ckEpS u
f
tckwnf&SdaewJh MICT park taqmuf
ttHkjzpfvmwJh OD;odef;OD;&JUHk;cef;i,fav;
rSmyJ jzpfygw,f/
]]MCSDC pdef&wkcef;rrSm IT park &JU
oabmxm;eJY t,ltq taMumif;udk
ESpBf urd af tmifjrifpmG wifqufNy;D aemufrmS
awmh tpdk;&uae vkyfudkifcGifh&&SdcJhyg
w,f}}
ajymif;vJ wdk;wufrItqifh (1)NyD;qHk;NyD;
aemufrSmawmh txufwef;t&m&SdawGu
tem*wfwdk;csJUrIrsm;twGuf aumif;csD;ay;
Muum taqmufttHkopfrsm; xyfrH
aqmufvkyfzdkYtwGufvnf; yHhydk;ulnDMu
ygw,f/
]]uRefawmfwdkY acs;xm;wJh aiGawG
tm;vH;k udv
k nf; jyefay;Ny;D ygNy/D &mEIe;f jynfh
yg0ifvkyfudkifrItwGuf apmifhqdkif;aeaom
vkyfudkifr,fholpm&if;eJYtwl ,ck MICT
Park &JU csUJ xGir
f u
I awmh ajymif;vJrI tqifh
(3) udka&muf&SdaeygNyD/ iSm;&rf;rItwGuf
txl; avQmhaps;EIef;xm;awGudkvnf;

jrefrmukrPDawGtwGuf MICTDC u
vkyfaqmifay;aeygw,f/ pwif wnf
axmif a &;pif w mtjzpf pif w mud k
vnf; MCF eJY yl;aygif;NyD; zGifhvSpfxm;
ygw,f}}
]]q&mwpfa,muftaeeJY pcJhayr,fh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfNyD; wuodkvfawG
rSm OD;aqmifae&ygw,f/ 1970 uwnf;
u uRefawmfoifjyay;cJhwJh IT eJY
management
oif w ef ; awG u awmh
Software Engineering, Master of Business
Administration(MBA)

eJY eMBA, Master

of Public Administration (MPA), National


Defense University (NDU), Certified
Public Accounting (CPA) program,
e-Government trainings eJY 0efBu;D XmeawG
rSm avhusiahf &;oifwef;awGbjJ zpfygw,f/
tck uRefawmfhudk,f uRefawmf jrKyfESHxm;
wmuawmh developer wpfa,muftaeeJY
vli,fawGtwGuf yHhydk;aqmuf&Gufay;
olwpfa,muftjzpfygyJ}} g cif r d k ; a0

bmomjyefonf/

20

Вам также может понравиться