Морозов - Ansys в Руках Инженера. Механика Разрушения - 2010

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URSS
22.18 22.251 30.121 32.973-018
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ANSYS : . . 2-, .
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60x90/16. . . 28,5. . 3076.

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117312, , - , 11, . 11.
ISBN 978-5-9710-0279-6
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. . , 2007, 2009
E-mail: URSS@URSS.ru
./: 7 (499) 13S-42-16
./: 7 (499) 135-42-46
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u rss
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8078 108731
9 7 85971 0 0 2 7 9 6
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1.
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
............................................... ......
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........ ....................................
.....................................
.......... .......
.............
5
7
7
10
15
18
21
24
2. ..................................................................................... 35
2.1.
.............................
35
2.2. -
.................................................................. 40
2.3.
./- ........... ............................ 44
2.4. ............................................................... 155
3. ...............................................................
157
4. ........................................................................... 242
4.1. -
.......................................... ................................................... 242
4.2.
J- ................. ............ 247
5.
5.1.
5.2.
5.4.
5.6.
5.7.
5.8.
APDL....................... ....................................................
APDL............................................................... ..
Toolbar: .......... .........................................
APDL .....................................
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APDL.........................................................................
GET-................ ........................................................
300
301
301
324
337
339
341
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347
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................ ......................................,............................................. 350

1.
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2.
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3.
....................................... 4................ 361
4.
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5.
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6. -
......... ....... .............................................................. 380
7.
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8.
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9. ..... 400
10. -
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11. -
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12.

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13.

.................................................................. 418
14.

,
.................................................. 424
15.

............................... ......... ................ 430
16. -
........................... ......................... 438
17. ANSYS 11.0......... ..................... 441

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(4- )
42
njm = NODE{-aic2,aic2,zic)
n j m
{5- )
19
, 19
1( ) Y = 0
,

,
n j n
(6- )

L S E L , S ,L I N E , ,19
A S L L , S , 0.
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,0
LSLA,S
NSLA,S,1
n j n = N O D E ( ~ a i c 2 , 0, zic)
A L L S E L ,A L L ,A L L
eicl = e i c / ( 1 - (nuic*nuic))
2. j in f ,
, .
j i n f ,nj i , n j j ,nj k , n j l , n j m , n j n
j i n _ f . m a c
(
n j i - n j n ) ,
J I N T _ F
3. j i n _ f .
JINT.
!1 ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
ETABLE,SENE,SENE
E T A B L E ,V O L U ,V O L U
S E X P ,W ,S E N E ,V O L U , 1 , - 1
P A T H , J I N T _ F , 6 , ,48
PPATH,1,ARG1
P P A T H , 2,ARG2
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
P P A T H , 5,ARG5
P P A T H , 6,A R G 6
PDEF,W,ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
P C A L C ,M U L T ,W N X ,W ,N X
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX,S
* G E T , J A , P A T H , ,L A S T , J
PD E F , I N T R , S X , SX

( SENE)

( V OL U )

W = S E N E / V O L U ( W)
J I N T _ F ,
.

(
A R G 1 - A R G 6)

X - ( WNX)
W N X
S

J A
( JINT)

S X

PDEF,INTR,SY,SY
PDEF,INTR,SXY,SXY
P C A L C ,M U L T ,T X ,S X ,N X
P C A L C , M U L T , C l ,S X Y , N Y
PCALC,ADD,TX,TX,Cl
P C A L C ,M U L T ,T Y ,S X Y ,N X
P C A L C ,M U L T ,1 f S Y ,N Y
PCALC,ADD,TY,TY,Cl
*GET, DX,.PATH, , LAST, S
DX = D X / 1 0 0
DXG - DX*COS(alpha)
DYG = DX*SIN(alpha)
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,-DXG/2
P C A L C , A D D , Y G , Y G , ,,,-DYG/2
PDEF,INTR,UX1, UX
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,DXG
P C A L C ,A D D ,Y G , Y G , , , , D Y G
P D E F , I N T R , U X 2 ,U X
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
PCALC,ADD,YG,YG,,,,-DYG/2
= 1/DX
P C A L C ,A D D ,1 , U X 2 ,U X 1 , ,-
P C A L C , A D D , C 2 ,U Y 2 , U Y 1 , , -C
P C A L C , M U L T , C l , T X , Cl
P C A L C , M U L T , C 2 ,TY, C2
PCALC,ADD,Cl,Cl,C2
PCALC,INTG,J,Cl, S
* G E T , J B , P A T H , ,L A S T , J
JINT * JA-JB
PDEF,CLEAR
43

SY

S X Y

X
T X = S X * N X + S X Y * N Y ( )

Y
T Y = S X Y * N X + S Y * N Y ( TY)

X
1%

X

Y
X X - D X G / 2 (
X)
Y Y - D Y G / 2 (
Y)
U X
X - D X / 2
U Y
X - D X / 2
X - D X G / 2 X + D X G / 2 (
X)
Y - D Y G / 2 Y + D Y G / 2 (
Y)
U X
X + D X / 2
U Y
X + D X / 2

D U X / DX
DUY/DX
(TX*DUX/DX
UX:
U Y :

+ TY*DUY/DX)

J I N T ( S)

J B
( JINT)

44
4.
-.
KI1J * SQRT(eicl*JINT)
! (I ) J -
! K I 1 J

(1.35)
, = y fW l.
(2.7)
-
(1.11)
+ K l ) + ^ * , 2
(2.8)
,
[9,10,16,17,1].
2.3.
-

12
- .
:
;
,
;
;
- ();
-
;
;

.

[25].
.

. [26]
38. = 210 , v = 0,3.
45
, ANSYS
. ,
.
, , . .
.

, ANSYS,
[16-19], ,
,
,
- (2.7).
, :
- ( 10);

() ( 11);
- ( 12).
ANSYS
:
;
.
1.
, ,
Utility Menu > File > Read Input from ...
, ,
. 2.1. ,
-. .
(Working Directory).
,
.
2.
.
,
.
Enter .

AN SYS.
1 . (
1 25.506-85).
. 2.4.
: b ; t .
46
. 2.1

M o d e l _ l .inp, j _f_1 .mac
Model_2.inp,
j_f_l.mac
Model_3.inp,
j_f_l.mac
Model_4.inp,
j_f_JL.mac
Model_5.inp, j_f_l.mac
Model_6.inp,
M o d e 1 _ 7 .i n p , j _ f _ 1 .mac
M o d e l _ 8 .i n p , j i n _ f .mac
Model__9.inp, jin_f.mac
Model_l.inp, j_f_l.mac
11
Model_l.inp,
j_f_l.mac
12
Model_l.inp,
j_f__l.mac
:
1...16.
(Working Directory).
: = 100
= 20 .
- : ,
, 1/8 ,
.
- (. 2.5):
11567;
2432;
0.025.
. 2.6 2.7.

. 2.2.

ANSYS
.
1. , 25.506-85 [25, . 19]
47
C4J
:
6 ;
/-( 5.. .0,25)6;
= (1,25.. .1,6)6;
h = (0,1...0,2)6;
= (0,15...0,25)6;
= 0,36; '
= 0,036;
I = 36.
:
6 = 1 ;
/ = 0,26 = 0,2 ;
;
h = 0,156 = 0,15 ;
/ - 0,16 = 0,1 ;
= 0;
L - 3 .
. 2.4.
; ; t ;
(
21
, I =
, =0,38 1+ 2,308() + 2,439(A)2!

( 0,<21<0,5).
2. , 25.506-85 [25, . 36]

K = Y{,
tb 1
/= 1,77+0,227(A)-0.51(A)2 +2,7(A)3.
(2. 10)
48
2.2
\.

-!, Vm
ANSYS,
88
ANSYS, J -, (2.7)
87,75
0,997
(2.9)
87,91
0,999
(2.10)
87,29
0,992
(2.11)
87,91
0,999
(2.12)
87,2
0,991
3. , [19]
{ =/1|^1-0,025()2 + 0 ,0 6 ( )4
sec
V2
( 2 . 11)
= , .
b
4. , [9]
K=
1 - - + 0,32 62
----.
(2.12)
. 2.2.
] ,
ANSYS .
PC Intel Pentium IV - 2,6 GHz/1 Gb -120 .

. 2.8.

. 2.9.

= 100 . 2.10,

. 2.3.
1 = <V /[l, 655 + 1,9 5 2 ( ')-6 ,8 8 9 ( )2 + 2 4 ,144(/)3] ,
' = (. . 2.4).
b
49
ANSYS
ELEMENTS
..
?\\
FRACTURE
. 2.5. -
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
=1
SUB * 1
TIKE-l
U3UM
R 3Y 3=0
<A V 3)
D M X * . 7J.5E-03
.4MW =. 7 0 8 E - 04
= . 7 1 5 2 - 0 3
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FRACTURE
. 2.6. ()
.71SE-03
50
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
T E?=1
SUB = i
T IM E * !
8EOV
(AVfir)
DMX = . 7 1 5 B - 0 3
3MN * . 2 0 9 E + 0 8
3MX = . 9 0 3 *-09
. 127 +0
, 733R +08
. 2 3 0 E -0 9
. 180 +09
.3 4 0 f> 0 9
.2 8 * ? + 0 9
. 447S+09
. 393B +09
. 50C E+09
FRACTURE
. 2.7. (Ila)
DEC
9 2005
11 :0 2 :3 2
N O D AL S O L U T I O N
STEP=1
SU B = 1
TIM E=1
SEQV
(AVG)
Powfc r G r a p h i c s
EFACET=1
AVRES=Mat
DMX = . 7 1 5 E - 0 3
SMN . 2 0 4 E + 0 8
SMX = . 9 0 3 E + 0 9
ZV
=1
* .0 1 7 7 3 6
*XF
= .2 0 1 6 5 6
*YF
012227
*2F
. OS
CAPPED 2-B U FFER
A
. 6 9 4 E + 0 8
= . 16SE+G9
266E+09
D
* . 364E+09
E
.4 6 2 E + 0 9
F
* . 5 60E+ 09
G
= . 65BE+09
H
= . 756E + 09
I
854E+0S
. 2.8. ()
51
=1
3UB * 1
1 =1
PATH PLOT
8 _1
SML 2
< )
1 S 3 2 .3 9 4 .
1 3 6 S .9 0
9 9 . S 5 fi
1 0 3 3 .1 5 2 .
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DIST
FRACTURE
. 2.9. ()
: sig l, sig_2, sig_3 ,
. 2.10. ()
() = 100
52
2.3
\.
( = 100 )
,
0,2
0,251
05
,
/-, Vm
57,1
72,6
87,8
104,5
,
(2.9), -Vm
7,4
72,2
87,9
104,7

( 1).
( -)
.
ANSYS
,
. ANSYS Com
mand Prompt, .
APDL Programmer's Guide,
APDL 5 .
.
, ,
.
,
, 1/4 .
,
.
10 % (ANSYS ,
/8,
, ).
, ,
ANSYS
( KSCON).
- ,
ANSYS ,
1/4 (
KSCON . ).
ANSYS v m l 4 3 . d a t , ,
, ;

. -
53
. ,
: , ,
, ,
.
,
, ;
(. . 2.1): XY
, X .
.
,
. ,
X v
Y.
ANSYS
:
4 1;
,
15-30 .
,
, ( MSHMID, 1).
.
, , vml43.dat. ,
(MSHMID, 1)
.
KSCON

:
KSCON, NPT,DELR, KCTIP,NTHET,RRAT
KSCON:
NPT .
DELR .
ANSYS ,
/8 ( ).

. 1 %
.
/40,

(1/10)
(1/4).
KCTIP :
KCTIP ~ 0: ;
54
K C T I P = 1: 1/4
.
ANSYS , . .
KCT I P = 1.
, ,
,
.
.
NTHET .
ANSYS ,
30-40. :
45 , 30
.
15 45
.
22,5,
(90).
,
. ,
NTHET = 4.
RRAT .
ANSYS
2- 1- 0,5 ( , 1-
), 0,75 .
2-

0,5 < RRAT < 1,0.
.

- ,
AN SYS.
,

J -.

K I1 - K I 3 .
- j _f _1 . m ac (
;
j i n _ f .m ac),
( n j i - n j 1).
J - J I N T ,
, ,
J -, K I 1 J .
Flfl f
ro1ii,e$
Options
Tool*
Help
ANSYS
PRO D U CT LAUNCHER
KfLfcASfc 0
Launch
Cuslomteaaon ' Presences
8oh>e
Setup
1#^5
* -
w:: *:..:
V ' ft : :- . .
.; 3 :. :. -' :
>
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..........
. 2.11.
A*4V4 4 i*4 * y ir I* OiÂUHUi- HertufMotfd I) :>:
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Preference*
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AN
NODES
FEB
1*1 lmHMtPMtpro
T.vo*ogk-IOp
1? 2005
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D esign O p t
0 Prob DeH)fl
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:>:
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< 1Fditor
; Hnfah
ft--:: ^
^
. 2.12. ANSYS
56
_ i n i x!
ANSYS Multiphye ics/LS-DYNA

ANSYS COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS
liodelj.
INITIAL JOBNAME
START-UP FILE MODE
- READ
STOP PILE MODE
- READ
GRAPHICS DEUICE REQUESTED
- 3D
GRAPHICAL ENTRY
- YES
LANGUAGE
- -us
INITIAL DIRECTORY D:\Work_Ansys\ansys904crack
00264555
UERSION-INTEL NT
RELEASE- 9
CURRENT JOBNAME-Mode1_1 15:16:12 FEB 17, 2005 CP/SHOW SET WITH DRIVER NAME 3D
RASTER NODE,
UP20041104
1.172
GRAPHIC PLANES
RUN SETUP PROCEDURE FROM PILE- C:\Program Files\Ansys Inc4v90\ANSYSSapdl4start9!

an 8
/INPUT FILE* menust.tnp
LINE*
/INPUT FILE- C:\Program FllesNAnsys Inc4u90\ANSYS4apdl\start9@.ans
LINE
ACTIVATING THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE <GUI>. PLEASE WAIT...

treating the GUI panes
treating the GUI m e n u b a r
treating the GUI status
treating the GUI Graphics Context
treating the Application Context
treating the GUI toolbar
treating the GUI toolbar - "ANSYS Standard Toolbar
treating the GUI toolbar - "ANSYS Main Menu"
treating the GUI toolbar - "ANSYS Toolbar"
treating the GUI toolbar - "ANSYS Graphical Uiew"
CUTTING PLANE SET TO THE WORKING PLANE
ading ANSYS Help System
leone to ANSYS
PRODUCE NODAL PLOT IN DSYS- 0
TURN OFF WORKING PLANE DISPLAY
PRODUCE NODAL PLOT IN DSYS-
PRODUCE NODAL PLOT IN DSYS-
. 2.13.

1.
ANSYS:
.
:
Start > Programs > ANSYS 9.0 > ANSYS Product Launcher
File Management
Working Directory Job Name: M o d e l _ l .
Browse...
. 2.14.

57
. 2.15.
ANSYS Run. . . 2.11.

.
. (Jobnam e)
, ANSYS .
, :
Start > Programs > ANSYS 9.0 > ANSYS

Output Window, . . 2.12 2.13.

SAVEJDB ANSYS Toolbar
(. 2.14):
Toolbar > SAVEJDB

ANSYS Model l .db,
M o d e l _ l . dbb.
:
Utility Menu > File > Save as Jobname.db
Utility Menu > File > Save as ...
:
SAVE
2. .
,
.
Utility Menu > File > Change Title ...
Model_l [/TITLE] Enter new title Change Title
OK (. 2.15).
:
/TITLE,Model 1
58
. 2.16.
? j ^ A S 4 Y 4 V M l l i | l i y M < 1 4 r > Y V W > h i ( t y M f > n o ( . 1>
. 2.17.
. 2.18.
3. .
Utility Menu > Parameters > Angular Units ...
Degrees DEG [*AFUN] Units for angular-parametric
functions Angular Units for Parametric Functions OK (. 2.16).
:
*AFUN,DEG
4. .
, ,
(),
.

()
59
Notepad ANSYS.
,
.
:
(. 2.17) ANSYS Command Prompt,
Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters ... (. 2.18).

=.
.
(
, ! ,
; Enter):
bic
hie
tic
lie
zic
1. 0
3.0*bic
0.l*bic
0 ,2*bic
0.0
()
(m )
()
()
Z- (),

J- ( ,
)
:
ric * 0.10*lic
aic = 8*ric
xl = lie x2 = lie x3 = lie
x4 = lie +
x5 = lie +
x6 = bic/2
yl = ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 = hic/2
nic = 4
aic/2
ric

<)

()
()
ric
aic/2
nl = N I N T (xl/ric/2)
n2 = N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
n3 = N I N T ((y3-y2)/rIc/4)

( )
1, 15, 24
6, 18, 27
19...23
( NINT ( )
5.)
:
eic = 2.10511
nuic = 0.3
! ()
!
:
0 = 1.08
()
60
f
M u l t 1 S D Y N A U l i(it
Ur p r n i
rssni
Element Type
IS Real Constant*
M aterial Props
Sections
Q Modeling
Meshing
Checking Ctrfs
Numbering Ctris
Archive Model
ffl Coupling / Ceqn
S FLOTRAN Set Up
FSI Set Up
EE) M ultifield Set Up
Loads
( Physics
Path Operations
Solution
General Postproc
. 2.19.
. 2.20.
( )
5. .
Main Menu > Preprocessor (. 2.19)
.
:
/PREP7
6. .
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element > Add/Edit/Delete
Element Types Add (. 2.20).
Not Solved, Mesh Facet 200; ,
1 ( Element type reference number) OK
(. 2.21).
Element Types
1 MESH200 Options... (. 2.22).
MESH200 element type options (. 2.23) QUAD 8-NODE
Element shape and # of nodes 1 ( K2 )
.
. 2.21. (MESH200)
. 2.22.
. 2.23. (MESH200)
61
62
. 2.24. (SOLID95)
. 2.25. ()
MESH200 ,
,
. ,
, ,

. 1 MESH200
(
, . . ).
ANSYS.
Element Types Add.
Library of Element Types Solid,
20node 95; , 2 (
Element type reference number) OK (. 2.24).
63
. 2.26.
>*< butropk PruircrHes for
. 2.27. -
Element Types Close (. 2.25).

MESH200 :
,
SOLID95 (
, . . );
MESH200.
:
,1,MESH2Q0,7
,2,SOLID95
(Main Menu > Preprocessor > Rea! Constants >

Add/Edit/Delete) .
64
()
7.
.
-
: .
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > M aterial Models
Define Material Model Behavior (. 2.26)
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic.
Linear Isotropic Material Properties for Material
Number 1 (. 2.27) :
e ic ( ),
n u ic PRXY ( ).
Major
(PRXY). Minor (NUXY),
.
Define Material Model Behavior.
:
MP,EX,1,eic
MP,PRXY,1,nuic
MP,NUXY,1,nuic
8. .
-
.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Keypoints >
In Active CS
NPT Keypoint number Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate
System 1, X,Y,Z Location in Active CS
Apply. ,
;
Apply , ,
. NPT Keypoint number
,
,
.
.
4 {, 0}: (. 2.28).
, x l, 1 . . ;
ANSYS .
NPT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
X
!
2
4
5
0
xl
0
xl
65
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
2
2
2
. 2.28.
:
,1/0,0
, 2,xl,0
, 3 ,2,0
,4,,0
, 5,4,0
, 6,5,0
,7,,0
,8,, 1
, 9,0, 2
,10,1,2
, 11, ,2
, 12, 5,2
, 13,,2
, 14, 0,
, 15,1,
, 16, ,
, 17,5,
, 18,,
1
2
3
4 ( )
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
66
. 2.29.
. 2.30.
I
67
ANSYS
POINTS
MAR
POIN NUM
5 7
1 12
5 2005
17:54:26
I __ X
1 2 ib j6
*7
Model 1
. 2.31.
,
,
.
,
():
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering ...
Keypoint numbers, LINE Line numbers
AREA Area numbers Plot Numbering Controls,
OK (. 2.29).
:
/PNUM,,1
/PNUM,LINE,1
/PNUM,AREA,1

():
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Window Controls > Window Options ...
At top left none [/TRIAD] Location of triad Window
Options, (. 2.30).
:
/TRIAD,LTOP
(. 2.31):
Utility Menu > Plot > Keypoints > Keypoints
68
:
KPLOT
9. .
;
.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines >
Lines > Straight Line
,
( ; ,
,
):

L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
Cancel.
: LI, L2, L3 .

(. 2.32, -,
Pan, Zoom, Rotate:
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan Zoom Rotate ...
//
/:
Ctrl + ;
Ctrl + ;
;
(
);
Apply.
. 2.33.
. 2.32.
. 2.34. L7 3 8

( 4)
( L7) 3 8:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Arcs >
By End KPs & Rad
69
70
L-K
MAR
Model 1
4 11
...........
.............-
___
____
........... ..............
5 2005
19:33:43
______
____________________
I
III.
IP
. 2.35.
3, 8 ( ) Apply,
; 4 ( ) Apply/
; r i c RAD Radius of the
arc Arc by End KPs & Radius, ,
(3, 8 4), (. 2.33).
. 2.34.
4 8 L8:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines >
Straight Line

4

L8
( L9) 8 5 (. 2.35):
By End KPs & Rad
8, 5 > Apply > 4 > Apply >
RAD = r i c > OK.
:
Straight Line

H 2\11
LIN58
71
MAR
19
201 1*22
13
I
I
10
SfB* 13
1_Ll L l
M odel 1
5 2005
19:46:16
-23
I.1R
-U-
1314
. 2.36.

1
2
8
6
7
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

9
10
12
13
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15
16
17
18

L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L'l 7
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
72
(. 2.36):
Utility Menu > Plot > Lines
:
LPLOT
10.

.
(. .
)
. :

. ,
.

.

MeshTool (. 2.37):
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > MeshTool
MeshTool (
)
.

.

,
:
MeshTool > Size Controls: > Lines > Set
2 37
MeshTool
L l, Apply;
n l NDIV No. of element divisions
Element sizes on picked lines,
Apply (. 2.38 2.39).
, Apply
, Element sizes on picked lines.
L2, Apply; 4 NDIV
No. of element divisions 1/2.5 SPACE Spacing ratio,
Apply.
SPACE ,
.
L2 , . 2.40, . .
2,5 ,
. , :
MeshTool > Size Controls: > Lines > Flip, .
73
. 2.38.
. 2.39. L1
:
L5 > Apply > NDIV = 4 > SPACE = 2.5 > Apply;
L6 > Apply > NDIV - n2 > SPACE >
Apply;
L7 > Apply > NDIV = n i c > SPACE >

Apply;
74
1
: , . rj
L-K
MAR aj1 2005

;25 43
....
.1*
ill
ft--
1__ 1
Model 1
. 2.40. L2
L9 > Apply > NDIV = n ic > SPACE >

Apply;
L10 L ll > Apply > NDIV - 2 > SPACE

> Apply;
L13 L14 > Apply > NDIV = 2 > SPACE
> Apply;
L15 > Apply > NDIV = n l > SPACE
> Apply;
> Apply;
L18 > Apply > NDIV = n2 > SPACE >
Apply;
L19 L23 > Apply > NDIV = n3 >

SPACE > Apply;
> Apply;
> Apply;
L27 > Apply > NDIV = n2 > SPACE
> .

ANSVSI
L-K
75
MAR 11 20QS
21:41:41
Mbdel 1
. 2.41.
ANSyS
MAR 11 2005
21:42: ^0
------------L
Model 1
. 2.42.
L3, L4 L8, ,
,
) .
. 2.41 - 2.43
: .
MeshTool, .
76
AR5YS
LINKS
SEP 24 2005
01:18;47
LINE HUM
Y
__x
.12
_LX
/
1
1
'
\
.Is
JA
Model 1
. 2.43.
(
):
L,1,2,nl
L,2,3,4,1/2.5
L, 3, 4
L,4,5
L, 5, 6, 4, 2. 5
L, 6,7, n2
LARC,3,8, 4, ric
LESIZE,7, , ,nic
L, 4,8,
LARC,8,5,4,ric
LESIZE,9,,,nic
L, 1, 9, 2
L,2,10,2
L,8,11,4,2.5
L,6,12,2
L,7,13,2
L, 9,10,nl
L,10,11,2
L,11,12,2
L,12,13,n2
L,9,14,n3
L,10,15,n3
L,11,16,n3
L,12,17,n3
L,13,18,n3
L,14,15,nl
L, 15,16,2
L, 16,17, 2
L, 17,18,n2
Ll
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7 ()...
...
L8
L9 ()...
...
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
11
11. .
.

; , ,
,
( 1).
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas >
Arbitrary > By Lines
, (
):
L1
L2
L3
L4
L11
L7
L8
L9
L13
L14
L20
L21
L22
L23
L15
L12
L10
L16
L5
L6
L15
L16
L17
L18
L7
L8
L17
L18
L24
L25
L26
L27
L11
L12
L13
L19
L20
L21
L22
L9
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cancel.
: 4
, ;
2 5 ,

(Mapped) .
:
AL,1/11,15/10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL,3,8,7
AL,4,9,8
AL,5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
AL,15,20,24,19
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
AL,18,23,27,22
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
78
i ----------------------------------------------------------------AREAS
ARB A MUM
.3
m
1
ANSYS
BBP 19 2 0 0 5
0 2 :0 1 :0 4
2___X
Kodel 1
. 2.44.
ill
II p^l?$8Si*
:
$
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Kodel 1
. 2.45.
:
Utility Menu > Plot > Areas
, 2.44 - 2.46
( )
.
79
. 2.46.
:
APLOT
.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB
:
SAVE

12. .
( )
(. 2.47).
MeshTool > Element Attributes: > Areas > Set

Pick All; Area Attributes ,
1 MESH200 TYPE Element type number,
(. 2.48).
..........:
/ 7 '
"
. 2.47. MeshTool
80
. 2.48.
:
, 1
TYPE,1
13. .
d e l r ,
(, r i c
):
delr * ric/4
( 4).
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls >
Concentrat KPs > Create
4 ( ); Concentration Key
point , NPT Keypoint for concentration
(4); DELR Radius of 1st row of elems
d e lr ; RRAT Radius ratio (2nd row/1 st) ;
NTHET No of elems around drcumf n ic ; KCTIP midside
node position Skewed 1/4pt, OK (. 2.49, 2.50).
,
;
,
1/4 .

kscon:
NPT , . . ;
DELR ;
KCTIP ;
1/4
;
NTHET ;
RRAT .
ui
81
7*
11
I 25 2005
0 3 l46:58
um nm
* __X
>U
Ml
L
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ll
JJL
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Hodel 1
. 2.49. ( 4)
. 2.50.
:
KSC0N,4,delr,1,nic
DELR .
/40 (.
d elr = r ic /4 r ic = 0 .1 * lic).
KCTIP :
KCTIP - 0: ;
KCTIP = 1: 1/4
.
KCTIP = 1.
82
j,
NTHET .
,
22,5, NTHET = 4
(. n i c = 4)
RRAT .

, 0,5.
. 2.51.
14. ( , 4).

( )
(. 2.51).
MeshTool > Mesh: > Areas >
MeshTool > Shape: > Quad > Free
:
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,0
15.
4 ( ).
:
MeshTool > Mesh: > Mesh
4, .

, Close.
. 2.52.
KSCON (
, . .).
:
AMESH,3,4,1
83
KLBMENTff
11 2005
01:33:57
__
Modl 1
. 2.52. ,

7SPEY5
NODK0
11 2005
01:37:15
^#1
Model 1
. 2.53.
,
1/4 (. 2.53):
Utility Menu > Plot > Nodes
:
NPLOT
84
. 2.54.
. 2.55.
16.

2 5.

(. 2.54).
MeshTool > Shape: > Quad > Mapped
:
MSHKEY,1

2 5 (. 2.55). ,
,
( ):
85
SLSMKNT0
24 200$
06
i_
M odel 1
. 2.56.

. 2.57.
MeshTool > Pick corners > Mesh

2 ( ) > >
8, 11, 2, 3 ( 10 ,
L 16 L 11).
5 ( ) >
> 5, 6, 11,8 ( 12 ,
L13 L17).
Cancel , Map Mesh Area by
Corners.

2 5 . 2.55.
. 2.56.
86
ANSYS
24 2005
01:56:22
_X
Model 1
. 2.58.
ANSYSI
ELEMENTS
24 2005
02:03:30
__
/ -
VkX
M o d el 1
2.59. -
:
,2,8,11,2,3
,5,5,6,11,8
17.
(1 6-10).

1 6-10:
MeshTool > 3 4 sided > Mesh (. 2.57)
87
. 2.60.
: 1 6-10 > .
MeshTool, Close.
. 2.58,2.59.
:
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1
- .

.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB
:
SAVE
18. .
nz:
nz = 8
:
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Extrude >
Elem Ext Opts
88
|^ |( Ktrudc Art*Hs by XY2 CWfset
*tr*ieArw*byXZOffK
lip fl
i.ftivt IV *iliirtiwi;
&
%
W
%
.;
. 2.61.
ANSYS
ELEMENTS
MAT
NUM
OCT 24 2 0 0 5
2 0 :0 3 :3 1
M odel 1
. 2.62. -
Element Extrusion Options: TYPE Element type number
2 SOLID95 ( ); Element sizing
options for extrusion / VAL1 No. Elem divs nz (
); (Yes) ACLEAR
Clear area(s) after ext ( );
(. 2.60).
:
TYPE,2
EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1
19. .

tic Z:
Areas > By XYZ Offset
89
Model 1
. 2.63. -
Pick All; Extrude Areas by XYZ Offset DX,DY,DZ
Offsets for extrusion t i c DZ (DX DY ); (. 2.61).

, Close,
. 2.62 2.63:
.
:
VEXT,1,10,1,,,tic,1,1,1
, ,

1/4 (. 2.64):
Utility Menu > Plot > Nodes
:
NPLOT
- .

.
:
Toolbar > S A V E D B
:
SAVE
Dtaea 2
90
AN5YSI
NODE
25 2005
15:28;50
* w
Model 1
. 2.64.
. 2.65.
Y -
. 2.66.
X [, ]
91
. 2.67.

20. .
(
, . .);
.
XZ ( Y= 0):
Utility Menu > Select > Entities ...
Nodes > By Location > Y coordinates, Min,Max
0 > From Full > Apply (. 2.65).

( ), . .
, X [, 6\:
Nodes > By Location > X coordinates, Min,Max
, > Reselect > Apply (. 2.66).
:
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
NSEL,R,LOC,X,x3,x6
(. .
XZ):
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply >
Structural > Displacement > On Nodes
Pick All; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs to be
constrained UY, VALUE Displacement value 0;
(. 2.67).
. 2.68.
92
. 2.68. XZ
( )
:
D,ALL,UY,
, :
YZ ( = 0):
0 > From Full > Apply.
X (. .
):
Pick All; Apply U ,R O T on Nodes Lab2 DOFs
to be constrained UX (,
), VALUE Displacement value
0; .
:
NSEL, S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,UX,0
XY ( Z = 0):
1
ELEMENTS
93
ANSYS
2 6 2 0 0 5
0 1 :0 0 :4 2
M odel 1
. 2.69. ( )
Nodes > By Location > Z coordinates, Min,Max

Z (. .
XY):
Pick All; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs
to be constrained UZ (,
), VALUE Displacement value 0;
.
:
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0
D,ALL,UZ, 0
. 2.69.
21.

.
,
, ,

.
( = h id 2):
Utility M enu > Select > Entities ...
94
. 2.70.
Areas > By Location > Y coordinates, Min,Max
h i e / 2 > From Full > OK.
:
ASEL, S,LOC,Y,hic/2
(
,
, . . ):
Structural > Pressure > On Areas
Pick All; Apply PRES on areas as VALUE Load
PRES value -p 0 ;
(. 2.70).
, Close.
:
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,-0
()
():
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols ...

Symbols [/PSF] Surface Load Symbols
Pressure; Show pres and convect as Arrows;
(. 2.71).
:
/PSF,PRES,NORM,2
Utility Menu > Select > Everything

:
ALLSEL
95
. 2.71.
(
):
Utility Menu > Plot > Areas (. 2.72)
:
APLOT
96
. 2.72.
22. .

Z:
Pick All; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs
to be constrained UZ (,
.
:
D,ALL,UZ,0
.
,
,

.
:
Toolbar > S A V E D B
:
SAVE
97
A N 4Y 4 M u l h |i b y s H
23. .
s /I S-DYNA IJtilrty
Main Menu > Solution

(. 2.73).
AN6VS
:
Preferences
Preprocessor
/SOLU
232SSS2
24. .
.

( ANSYS
,
):
Analysis Type
ffi Define Loads
Load Step Opts
5E Management (CMS)
0 Re culls Tracking
Solve
0 Manual Re 2onng
ffl F S IS e tU p
ffl Multffield Set tip
ffi ADAMS Connection
Diagnostics
Q Unabridged Menu
(S General Post proc
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type >

New Analysis
New Analysis ,
Static, (. 2.74).
. 2.73.

:
ANTYPE,STATIC
SPARSE .
SPARSE (, . .

, );
v
Analysis
-.4
c?vx..
&'y.
'
- ^ ^ - / . :
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>'
' J
. 2.74.
98
. 2.75.
ANSYS ,
:
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > Sol'n Controls
Solution Controls
Sol'n Options, Equation Solvers
Sparse direct, (. 2.75).
( ,
Pre-Conditioned Conjugate Gradient, PCG,
;
,
.)
:
EQSLV,SPARSE
:
Toolbar > SAVE_DB
:
SAVE
25. .
:
Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
SOLUTION
99
OPTIONS
problem . ............
-
DEGREESOF ..... UK UV UZ
HHRLV8I8 .................. (SIENOV-STBTf)
EQUATION 8. OPTBM............. SPARSE
globally rssowo ..... ..... m o t e
LORD
STEP
OPTIONS
LOflO81EP NUnSER.................
i
TIRE ATENO OF DC LOU) 8 W .......... 1.0000
m m of m m ............
i
CHRMGE H U M t V C M I I T I O W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0
PRINTOUTPUT0......... . . . PRDnDUT
OUTPUTCONTROLS............ ALL OATA
FOR TNE LUST SUBSTEP
. 2.76.
. 2.77.
. 2.78.
. 2.79. -
/STATUS Com
mand; , . 2.76,
.
Solve Current Load Step (. 2.77).
Verify
, Yes (. 2.78).
100
ANSYS .

.
- ,
Solution is done!,
, Close (. 2.79).
:
SOLVE
.

M o d e l ^ l . r s t ,

(
).

()
26. .
Main Menu > General Postproc

(. 2.80).
:
/POST1
27. .
:
JÂ N SYS
ipliysM I S i>YNf\ IK ility
J j Preferences
Preprocessor
S Solution
E > .il
pioi
Data 4k Ftfe Opts

Results Summary
f f i R e a d Results
Failure Criteria
Plot Resuits
List Results
ffi Query Results
@ Options Outp
E3 Results Viewer
W rite PGR File
S Nodal Calcs
ffi Element Table
Path Operations
Surface Operations
Load Case
Check Elem Shape
W rite Results
ffi ROM Operations
SubmodeHng
Fatigue
Safety Factor
ffi Define/ M o d t f y
Nonflnear Diagnostics
Reset
Q Manual Rezoning
TfrneHbt Postpro
. 2.80.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > Last Set
M o d e l_ l. r s t
, .
ANSYS
,
.
, (,
).
:
SET,LAST
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Options for Outp
101
. 2.81.
, [RSYS] Results coord system Options for
Output Global Cartesian,
(. 2.81).
.
,
,
. ,
,
(. . 2.1). [RSYS] Results coord
system Local system Local system reference no.
.
:
RSYS,0
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot >
Nodal Solu
4
Contour Nodal Solution Qata Nodal Solution > DOF

Solution > Displacement vector sum >>OK (. 2.82).
, . 2.83:
:
PLNSOL,U, SUM
(
ANSYS ):
102
>::v *5;.V
i &&&
jg j Favorites
Nodal Solution
DOF Solution
X-Component of displacement
^
Y-Component of displacement
2'Component of displacement
Total 5tran
Elastic Strain
3 Plastic Strain
jg ) Creep Strain
jftrt Thermal Strain
fgfeU Total Mechanical and Thermal Strain
!
. 2.82. ( )
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
NOV 1 7 2 0 0 5
0 0 :2 5 :1 1
8 -1
8UB 1
TIM E=1
USUM
(AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX = . 7 1 5 E - 0 3
8MN = . 7 0 B E -Q 4
8MX . 7 1 5 K - 0 3
x
z __x
.243E-03
.708E-04
15*71-03
M odel
.4158-03
.3298-03
III
.5868-03
. 500E-03
. 2.83.
.715E-03
| our Nodal Solution Data
11
----------------
'*
! -
DOF Solution
Stress
X*Component of stress
Y-Component of stress
Z-Component of stress
e > XY Shear stress

0
YZ 5hear stress
2 Shear stress
1st Principal stress
2nd Principal stress

3rd Principal stress
1 0 Stress Intensity
Plastic equivalent stress
:
>%
.;*:Sf::
&
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Deformed shape only
:&
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Y/AV.V
. 2.84. ( )
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
NOV 17 2 0 0 5
0 0 :3 9 :4 8
ST K P*1
8UB = 1
TIM E=1
SEQV
(AVG)
DMX - . 7 1 S E - 0 3
8MN - . 2 0 4 E + C 8
8MX = . 9 0 3 E + 0 9
........... ; - - ' ^ ^
.2048*06
M odel
. 710+08
.12284)9
.1728+09
.2238409
.2738*09
.3248409
.4008+09
. 2.85. ( )
104
NODAL
8 -1
8UB 1
T IM E=1
SEOV
DMX * .
8MN .
SMX .
&.
.2041+08
.25SK+09
. 138E+09
.491E+09
.3742+09
.1271+09
.SC9E-09
.903E+C9
M o d e l _ l _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
. 2.86. ( )

Nodal Solu
Contour Nodal Solution Data Nodal Solution > Stress >
von Mises stress > OK (. 2.84).
( ,
)
. 2.85 2.86:
:
PLNSOL,S,EQV

Z = z ic () n i - nk
28. , .

,
; .
,
1
;
.

( n i , nj nk):
ROTATION ANGLE FOR WINDOW 1 18
105
33.39 ABOUT AXIS ZS
FOCUS POINT FOR WINDOW
1-0.21712
-0.14244
Hi.18870
1-0.16312
0.16992
-.24359
view p o i n t f o r window
-0.63315
0.43985
-0.63691
ROTATION ANGLE POR WINDOW 1 IS
43.63 ABOUT AXIS ZS
DISTANCE MULTIPLIER FOR WINDOW 1
6.9240
DISTANCE FOR WINDOW 1
0.9710E-01

0.8972E-01
1-1).14056

0.21130
-0.23744
.9240
0.8290E-01

0.9240
0.9240
0.7660E-O1
1-0.14847
PARAMETER NI -
2.000000000
PARAMETER NJ -
1.000000000
PARAMETER NK -
132.0000000
0.20697
-0.232S6
. 2.87. ni - nk
( )
ni - NODE(,0,zic)
nj * NODE(2,0,zic)
nk = NODE(xl,0,zic)
! ni I
! Z = zic
I J,

, Z zic
,

, Z * zic
( NODE ( , , z) (
), { , , z}. - .)
, n i , n j nk,

( Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters ...),
Output Window . . 2.87;
2, 1 132.
, , . 2.88.
106
y "v / 'v!;/
M odel
. 2.88. n i - nk,
29. ( ).
k i , 3
n i , n j nk:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operations > Define Path >
By Nodes
, . 2.89,
List of Items n i Enter ;
, n j Enter; nk Enter;
. ( Enter
.)
By Nodes Name Define Path Name:
k i; nDiv Number of divisions 48 (
);
(. 2.90).
PATH Command;
, . 2.91, .
(. 2.92):
:
PATH,k i , 3,,48
PPATH,1,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
107
.....................
fjP jH y N octe*
-*: >: :::| :;: :*
;:>> ::.->$ - :::-
*am ..
XvX ::.:'i'-iiii.'-;-'
.
X:X: :: -:
# ***
:*::* ->::: * .3 kj
&*
&
'I
?;:
.. ..
Jf- **
j 3(
:- ::-: :
.............. .
..
ix&'&j
. 2.90.
. 2.89.

. 2.91.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Path Operations > Plot Paths
30. .
ANSYS

.
Main Menu > General Postproc > Nodal Calcs > Stress Int Factr
108
v V :, : Sft & ''
!ELEHStiTS; [
: j
1 ' "
> I :: / 4 : $ <:-1.
I ;. >:>.
: {
^ ^
v -!
-
--"'.'
2 0 05
20: 45
| i
.* : - - *
: J
'. >; -' |
:: ::::
&
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:
9 ?: 1
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.
.
:;
g |
)
**
%>; &<|
M odel
. 2.92. ,
Stress Intensity Factors KI, Kll, Kill KPLAN Disp extrapolat
based on Plane strain ( ); MAT Material
num for extrap 1; KCSYM Model type
Half - symm b.c. (
); KLOCPR Print local disps? (No),
(. 2.93).

,
.

{ ,
, .

kcalc :
KPLAN - :
KPLAN = 0: / ;
PLAN = 1: ;
;
KCSYM :
KCSYM = 0 ,
;
KCSYM = 1:
KCSYM = 2: ;
KCSYM = 3: ;
109
. 2.93.

* 11STRESSW
TBfSlTY ***
R
SSU
M
EPlfl*SIM
W
*
RSSUf I) HUf-CW Ct K t t L KITH S U tflR Y BOUOKY CtM ITlOM (USE 3 MODES)
FXTW W UfTI*
u iih
IS OEFfflEO 8Y KCOES:
as iw c m cc - t ip node
US . PROPERTIES FOR W IB IflL IM K R
0.0000
IK
. . .
XI .,
. .
,
0.0000
. 2.94.

KLOCPR :
KLOCPR = 0: ;
KLOCPR = 1: .
:
KCALC,0,1,0

KCALC Command; , { # 0 ,
= 0 (. . 2.94),
. { = 0.880268.
: File > Save as ...

Save,
KCALC. l i s ; , - (,
KCALC. t x t ) Save.
KCALC Command.
110
. 2.95.
. 2.96. \
3 1.
KI1, KI2, KI3.

ANSYS:
S
Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Qata ...

Get Scalar Data Results Data,
Other operations, (. 2.95).
Get Data from Other POST 1 Operations
Ki 1 Name of parameter to be defined,
Strs intens fact, KI, Apply (. 2.96).
{
KI1.

(, KI2
KI3, . 2.97).
KI1, KI2 KI3

( Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar
Parameters ...), Output Window . . 2.98.
111
. 2.97. [
1
PRINTOUT RESUMED BY /GOP
GET
XII
FROM
KCflL
ITEH-K
UALUE-
88025852.1
1TEM-K
UALUE-
9.
ITEM-K
UALUE-
I.

GET
KI2
FROM
KCftL

GET
FROM
KCAL
. 2.98. KI1, KI2 KI3

( )
:
*GET,KI1,KCALC , ,,1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,, 3
112
32. j _f _1. mac J-.

{
( )
APDL.
Windows Notepad
j _f _1 .mac ANSYS ,
M o d e l_ l. db, Model__l. r s t .
.m ac !
j _f _1 .m ac .
J - .
( ,
).
!!j!!j!!!!I!!!!t!jj!!j!jjj !I!j!jIjjj I!I 1 Ijj !!
J- ,
(
ARG1 - ARG4) - ( ).
J- JINT.
t
() . . , . .
(CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I 11 1I I I I I I I \ I I I I 11 !M
ETABLE,SENE,SENE
ETABLE,VOLU,VOLU
SEXP,W ,SENE,VOLU,1,-1
PATH,JINT_F,4,50,48
PPATH,1,ARG1
PPATH,2,ARG2
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
PDEF,W,ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
PCALC/MULT,WNX,W,NX
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX,S
*GET,JA,PATH,,LAST,J
PDEF,INTR,SX,SX
PDEF,INTR,SY, SY
PDEF,INTR,SXY,SXY
!!!!!!!!!!!!! I !!!!!!!! 1

( SENE)

( VOLU)

W = SENE/VOLU ( W)
JINT__F,
4

(
ARG1 - ARG4)

- ( WNX)
WNX
S

JA
( JINT)

SX

SY

SXY

PCALC,MULTTX,SXNX
PCALC,MULT,C l ,SXY,NY
PCALC, ADD, TX, TX, Cl
PCALC,MULT,T Y ,SXY,NX
PCALC,MULT,Cl,SY,NY
PCALC,&DD, TY, TY, Cl
*GET, DX, PATH, ,LAST, S
DX - DX/100
PCALC,^DD,XG,XG,,,, -DX/2
PDEF, IJflTR,
UX1, UX .
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,DX
PDEF,INTR,UX2,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,-DX/2
= 1/DX
PCALC, ADD, Cl ,U)C2,UX1, C,-C
PCALC,ADD,C2,UY2,UY1,, -C
PCALC,MULT,Cl,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,C2,TY,C2
PCALC,ADD,Cl,Cl,C2
PCALC, INTG, J,.Cl, S
*GET,JB, PATH, ,LAST, J
JINT = 2*(JA-JB)
PDEF,CLEAR

X
TX = SX*NX + SXY*NY ( )

Y
TY SXY*NX + SY*NY { TY)

X 1%
X X-DX/2
UX
X-DX/2
UY
X-DX/2
X-DX/2 X+DX/2
UX
X+DX/2
UY
X+DX/2

DUX /DX
DUY/DX
(TX*DUX/DX
U X :
U Y :

+ TY*DUY/DX)

JINT ( S)

JB
( JINT)

33. , .

, , Z= z ic .

( n j i - n j 1):
nji = NODE(x5,0,zic)
njj = NODE(x5,y2,zic)
njk = NODE(xl,y2,zic)
njl = NODE(xl,0,zic)
nji
(1- )
njj
(2- )
njk
(3- )
njl
(4- )
114
*j|
0.1283

0.9240
0.1111
1 0.19250
0.46715E
L 0.38641-01
1 0.19533
0.42721E
L .29287-01
view point for window
-0.63S55
ROTATION ANGLE FOR WINDOW 1 IS

1 0.17710

-0.72568
0.26357
1.91 ABOUT
0.39232E-01 Q.43905E-01
0.9240
0.1027
PRODUCE ELEMENT PLOT IN DSYS =
188.0000000
PARAMETER NJJ -
196.0000000
PARAMETER NJK
148.0000000
PARAMETER NJL -
132.0000060
PARAMETER NJI
. 2.99. n j i - n j 1
( )
. 2.100. n j i - n j 1,
, n j i - n j l ,
Output Window . . 2.99; :
nj i = 188; n j j = 196; n j k = 148; n j 1 = 132.
, , . 2.100.

ANSYS Mull Iphystcs/LS-DYNA U tility Menu (M o d e lJ )
115
V . . . V . . * . . V . . V . V * .V .V .V .V . V . a V .V /> V .'.***V .V eV .V W .V .V .V .V .
. .
* 2.101 j f _l . mac n j i , nj j, n j k, n j 1

AS
PATH UARIABLE UX2

HUES
312.SO
PATH UARIABLE UX1
TIMES
-312.50
NUMBER OF PATH UARIABLES DEPINED IS 20
PLUS
PLUS
0.0000
DEFINE PATH UARIABLE C2

AS
PATH UARIABLE UV2
TIMES
312.5
PATH UARIABLE UV1
TIMES
-312.50
NUMBER OF PATH UARIABLES DEFINED IS 21
PLUS
PLUS
0.0000
DEFINE PATH UARIABLE Cl

AS
PATH UAR1ABLE TX
TIMES PATH UAR1ABLE Cl
HUMBER OF PATH UARIABLES DEFINED IS 21
TIMES
1.0000
DEFINE PATH UARIABLE C2

AS
PATH UAR1ABLE TV
TIMES PATH UARIABLE C2
TIMES
1 .0 0 0 0
DEFINE PATH UAR1ABLE Cl

AS
PATH UARIABLE Cl
TIMES
1.0080
PATH UARIABLE C2
TIMES
1.0000
PLUS
PLUS
0.0000
DEFINE PATH UARIABLE J

AS THE INTEGRATION OF
PATH UARIABLE Cl
WITH RESPECT TO PATH UARIABLE S
FINAL SUMMATION -13159.
GET
JB
FROM
PARAMETER JINT -
PftIH
ITEM-LAST J
UftLUE- -13159.8234
32985.98215
ftLL PfiTH DATft EXCEPT GEOMETRV ERASED
. 2.102. JINT (J-)
34. J- Z = z i c ,
n j i - n j l
I f l.mac.
j _f _1
, (. 2.101) :
j _ f _ l , n j i , n j j , njk, n j l
, Close.
J-,
JIN T , Output Window . . 2.102;
JIN T = 32985.98215.
35. \
J-.

I = /( 1 - v2) (2.8) (2.9) K i = yjE' J .
:
116
DEFINE VARIABLE J
AS THE INTEGRATION OF
PATH VARIABLE C l
WITH RESPECT TO PATH VARIABLE 8
FINAL SUNTMTION - 1 3 1 5 9 .
NUMBER OF PATH VARIABLES DEFINED IS 21
GET
JB
FROM
PARAMETER JIN T -
PATH
UALUE- - 1 3 1 5 9 .8 2 3 4
ITEM-LAST J
3 2 9 8 5 .9 8 2 1 5
ALL PATH DATA EXCEPT GEOMETRY ERASED

***** N O T E
DELETED BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l_ l.d b b

HEW BACKUP*FILE NAME- N o d e i a . d b b .
Aid. CURRENT ANSYS DATA WRITTEN TO FIL E NAME- M o d e ljU d b
FOR POSSIBLE RESUME PROM THIS POINT
DELETED BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l_ l.d b b .
NEW BACKUP*?ILE NAME- h o d e l _ l . d b b .
ALL CURRENT ANSVS DATA WRITTEN TO FILE NAME- M o d e l j l .d b
FOR POSSIBLE RESUME FROM THIS POINT
PARAMETER E lC l PARAMETER X I1 J -
. 2.103. e i c l K I 1 J
( {)
I
ALL PATH DATA EXCEPT GEOMETRY ERASED
ihhNOTE
****
DELETED BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l_ l.d b b .
CP
2 3 .9 5 4
T IN E - 0 3 :3 4 :4 3
****** NOTE ******

NEW BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l_ jl.d b b .
CP -
2 3 .9 5 4
TIME- 0 3 :3 4 :4 3
ALL CURRENT ANSYS DATA WRITTEN TO FILE NAME- M o d e l_ l.d b

CP -
2 4 .6 1 5
TIME 0 3 : 3 4 : 4 4
CP -
2 4 .6 1 5
TIME* 0 3 :3 4 :4 5
DELETED BACKUP FIL E NAME- H o d e l _ l .d b b .

NOTE ******
NEW BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l j l . d b b .
ALL CURRENT ANSYS DATA WRITTEN TO FIL E NAME- M o d e l j l . d b

PARAMETER E lC l
PARAMETER X I1 J
B .2313186813E + 12
8 7 3 5 1 4 3 8 .9 8
PARAMETER LR -
0 .2 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
PARAMETER YR -
0 .8 7 2 9 6 0 9 3 8 4
PARAMETER PB -
1 8 0 8 0 0 0 0 .0 0
PARAMETER K I4 -
8 7 2 9 6 0 9 3 .8 4
. 2.104. K I4 (
{)
117
NOTE
BACKUP FIL E NAME* M o d e l_ l.d b b .
CP -
ALL CURRENT ANSVB DATA WRITTEN TO FILE NAME

2 3 .9 5 4
TIME- 8 3 :3 4 :4 3
n o d e l_ l.d b
NOTE
DELETED BACKUP FILE NAME- H o d e l_ J ..d b b .
CP
2 4 .6 1 5
TIME* 8 3 :3 4 : 4 4
NOTE
NEW BACKUP FILE NAME- M o d e l s . d b b .
CP
2 4 .6 1 5
TIME- 8 3 :3 4 :4 5
ALL CURRENT AN8VS DATA WRITTEN TO FIL E NANE- M o d e l_ l.d b

FOR POSSIBLE RESUNE FROM THIS POINT
PARAMETER E lC l
PARAMETER K I1 J
8 .2 3 1 3 1 8 6 8 1 3 E + 1 2
8 7 3 5 1 4 3 8 .9 8
PARAMETER LR PARAMETER YR -
8 .8 7 2 9 6 9 9 3 8 4
PARAMETER PB PARAMETER K I4
8 7 2 9 6 0 9 3 .8 4
PARAMETER ALFA
PARAMETER P I PARAMETER KI5
3 .1 4 1 5 9 2 6 8 8
8 7 9 1 6 2 8 4 .6 8
. 2.105. KI5
( \)
eicl - e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic)) !

KI1J = SQRT(eicl*JINT)
!
{1) J-
. KI1J
Output
Window . . 2.103; : e i c l - 0.231318681312; K I1 J =
= 87351438.98.
36. {
(2 . 10).
:
lr = 2*lic/bic
yr = SQRT(lr)*(1.77+0.227*lr-0.51*(lr)**2+2.7*(lr)**3)
pb = p0*bic*tic
KI4 = pb*yr/tic/bic
Output
Window . . 2.104; KI4 = 87296093.84.
37.
(2 . 11).
:
alfa = (/)
pi = 3.1415926
KI5=pO*SQRT(pi*x3)* <1C).025*alfa**2+0.06*alfa**4)*SQRT(l/COS(alfa*90))
118
ANSYS M ull ip h y sic
. 2.106.
QUIT
. 2.107.
Output
Window . . 2.105; KI5 = 87910284.6.
.
, ,
, KI1, KI2 KI3.
,
-, K I1J.
,
(2.11) (2.12), KI4 KI5, .
. 2.2,
.
:
Toolbar > SAVE DB
:
SAVE
38. ANSYS.
QUIT ANSYS
Toolbar (. 2.106):
Toolbar > QUIT
Exit from ANSYS Quit - No
Save! ( ,
) (. 2.107).
:
Utility Menu > File > E x it...
:
/EXIT,NOSAVE
1.
119
2. .
. 2.108.

.
: = 100
= 20 .
- : ,
, 1/8 ,
.
2.
- (. 2.109):
11567;
2432;

0.025.
. 2.110 2.111.

. 2.4.
ANSYS

:
1. {, [31]
K i = ^ b Y>'
(2.13)
/ \ 2
I
/V
1,98 + 0,72 - -8,48 | | +27,36
2. , [16]
, = a V ^ [ l ,122 -0 ,15 4 (a)+ 0 ,8 0 7 (a)2-1.894(a)3+2,494(a)4] . (2.14)
21
. 2.4.
PC Intel Pentium IV - 2,6 GHz/1 Gb ~ 120 .

. 2 . 112.

. 2.113.
120
:
6 ;
/ = (0,15...0,25)6;
= (1,25...1,6)6;
= (0 , 1 ... 0 ,2 )6 ;
/ = (0,15... 0,25)6;
R = 0,36;
= 0,036;
= 36.
:
6 = 1 ;
/ = 0,26 = 0,2 ;
;
6 = 0;
t = 0,26 = 0,2 ;
R ;
= 0 ;
L = 3 .
. 2.108.
2.4
\.

>/
ANSYS,
89,59
ANSYS, -, (2.7)
89,35
0,997
(2.13)
89,61
(2.14)
90,67
1
1,012
ELEMENTS
ANSYS
: $
FRACTURE
. 2.109. -
1 NODAL SOLUTION
ANSY5
=1
3UB 1
=1
( avo )
R 9 Y 3 -0
7 2 1 B -Q 3
* . 7 2 1 - 3 3
. 1 0 5 -0 3
.8 0 1 - 4
. 3 2 1 - 03
. 2 4 G E -0 3
.4 6 1 8 -0 3
. 4 0 1 -0 3
................
. 6 4 1~ 0 3
. 5 6 1 -0 3
. 7 2 1 5 -0 3
FRACTURE
. 2.110. ()
122
i NODAL
SOLUTION
ANSYS
=1
= i
TIM B=1
8 BOV
(A V G )
DHX . 7 2 1 E -0 3
8MN = 6 1 7 9 1 3
MX = . 9 2 3 + 0 9
!??
D 2 0000
. 673B +0B
. 341E+08
.13 4
E+09
. 101E+09
..2 0 0 E + 0 9
.1 6 7 8 + 0 9
.2 6 7 B + 0 9
.2 3 4 E + 0 9
.3 0 0 8 + 0 9
FRACTURE
. 2.111. ()
ANSYS
DEC
9 2005
1 2 :5 8 :2 3
NODAL SOLUTION
8TEP=1
SUB = 1
TIM B=1
SBQV
(AVG)
P o w e rG ra p h ic s
EFACET=1
AVRES=Mat
DMX = . 7 2 1 E - 0 3
8KN - 8 1 7 9 5 0
SMX = . 9 2 3 E + 0 9
ZV = 1
* D IB T = .0 1 4 7 0 5
*XP
= -.2 9 8 5 5 7
*YF
* .0 1 0 7 0 3
*ZF
= .0 5
CAPPED Z -BUFFER
* . 521+08
= . 155+09
8
* . 257+09
D
= . 360+09
= . 4 6 2 4- 0 9
F
* . S65E 4-09
= . 667+09
G
. 769+09
- . 872 +09
I
FRACTURE
. 2.112. ()
123
ANSYS
DEC 9 2005
1 3 :1 8 :2 3
=1
3UB
=1
=1
K O V
8IG 1
1 10'*6)
D IST
FRACTURE
. 2.113. ()
: sig_l, sig_2, sig_3 ,
3.
.
. 2.114.
: , , = 8 .
- :
, 1/4
,
;
,
(.) () ;
( )
,
ric (. 3).
- (. 2.115):
19554;
4193;

0,0125.
. 2.116 2.117.

. 2.5.
124
i

L,/2 2+0,25
*0,25
:
6 ;
/ = (0,45...0,55)6;
= (0,25...0,45)6;
/ = 0,56;
= 0,066;
1 = 46;
I , = 4,.256;
J = 0,256.
:
6 = 1 ;
/ = 0,56 = 0,5 ;
= 0;
t = 0,56 = 0,5 ;
= 0;
L **46 = 4 ;
L\ = 4,256 - 45 ;
0.
. 2.114.

ANSYS *
.
1. , [25]
(2.15)
tb 2
; L
,
; 4 -
{1
(I
4 =3,494 1-3,396 - +5,839 {
\o j
^6
I
N
0,45 0,55
125
2.5
\.

Vm
210,9
209,4
212,8
212,9
ANSYS,
ANSYS, /-
(2.15)
(2.16)
BLBKBtfTfl
0,993
1,009
1,01
ANSYS
FRACTURE
. 2.115.
2. ,
=
if
*i.i
1
93 _ 0 7 +14,
tb '
25,1 l a 3 + 25,8a4),
(2.16)
I
a = ------ , a < 0 , 6 .
b
. 2.5.

. 2.118.

. 2.119.
126
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
=1
= 1
TIKB-1
: >
USUH
|AVG)
R 3Y 30
DM* - . 0 0 5 3 3 6
- . 9 1 7 -0 4
;|;>
. 0 0 5 3 3 6
>
>: :
- * :<
;::* -:*
::
:*:

:.*:
-
&
.* *-*
-4
,
- - , , , , ; V'.:, ;
-
&
.01257
9 1 7 -0 4
.0 0 3 0 0 5
.6">4-03
>'
.0 0 3 5 8 3
.0 0 2 4 2 3
.0 0 4 1 7 1
.005336
FRACTURE
. 2.116. ()
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP1
3UB =1
TIM B-1
HRQV
(AVGJ
DMX = .0 0 5 3 3 6
3MN =76 3 7 7
* . I94E+1C
60C 000
.1 I2 E + 0 9
. 561E +09
iVlYlVltii iVilV. i'iflibflnflillYi'liii

.2 2 3 8 * 0 9
. 334B + 09
.4 4SE+0 9
. 16TB+09
. 278B +09
. 9 +09
.5 0 0 8 + 0 9
FRACTURE
. 2.117. ()
127
70VISYS
DEC
9 2005
1 3 : 09 : 1 2
NODAL SOLUTION
ST E P -1
SUB = 1
T IM E = 1
SEQV
(AVG)
E F A C E T -1
A V R E S -M a t
DMX = . 0 0 5 3 3 6
8MN = 7 6 3 7 7
SHX =. 1 9 4 E + 10
2V - 1
* D I8 T = .0 3 6 S S 8
XF = . 4 9 8 9 7 8
*YF = . 0 2 5 9 6 9
* 2F = . 0 5
CAPPED 2 -B U F F E R
A
= . 108E+09
= .324E+09
= . 540E+09
D
= . 7S6E+09
E
* . 9 7 3 E + 09
F
= . 1 1 9 E + 10
G
= . 140E+10
H
= . 162E+10
I
. 1 8 4 E f 10
FRACTURE
. 2. 118. ()
ANSYS
DEC
8=1
8 UB =1
1=1
PATH PLOT
8IG_1
8I<y_Z
9 2005
1 3 :0 6 :1 2
<xlO*6)
79.79,___
a iG 3
2964.452
2 606.77.
1 1 7 6 .0 8 7 .
FRACTURE
. 2.119. ()
:
sig l , sig 2 , sig 3 ,
128
**
4.
.
. 2.120.
: = 26 .
- :
, 1/4
,
;
,
, (.
4).
- (. 2.121):
27855;
6769;
,. /

0,0125.
. 2.122 2.123.

. 2 .6 .
{ [25]
* 1 = 7 5>
tjb
(2.17)
1,99-0,41 - +18,7
-38,5
+53,8
, [17]
Kl = tJ b Y '
0,05 * * 0 ,7
(l,941-1,74 + 4,07 2-2,5283) .

( 1- )
. 2.6.

. 2.27.

. 2.124.
129
Lr
'
W
'3*
II
:
6 ;
f = (0,25...0,5)6;
/ = (0,2 ...0,6)6;
U = 46;
L - 36;
d = 0,656;
= 0,066;
:
6 * 1 ;
t - 0,46 = 0,4 ;
/ = 0,46 = 0,4 ;
L[ = 46 = 4 ;
L = 36 = 3 ;
d = 0,656 = 0,65 ;
0;
= 0.
. 2.120.
2.6
\.

ANSYS,
ANSYS, 7-
(2.17)
/
152,1
152,1
153,4
1
1
1,009
ELEKENT8
ANSYS
FRACTURE
. 2.121. -
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
3TBP=I
3UB *1
TIMEC1
<AVO;
kava*o
OKX - . 0 0 1 3 8 ?
= . 140-
ukx
.0 0 1 3 8 ?
1 0 -0 3
. 410E 03
.2 1 9 E - 0 3
. 6 9 5 E -U 3
.5 5 7 E - 0 3
. 9 7 3 E -0 3
. 4 -0 3
.UU1Z5
.0 0 1 1 1 2
FRACTURE
. 2.122. ()
.0 0 1 3 3 9
131
ANSYS
SOLUTION
0 =1
3 UE 1
1
1
8 BOV
(AVC)
DNX " . 0 0 1 3 8 ?
1 1 3 V4 S
8 = .9 4 Z B * 0 9
100000
. 111 *09
.5 5 6 8 + 0 8
.Z 2Z B +09
. 16">*-09
. + 0 9
.2 7 9 8 * 0 9
. 444 +09
.3 8 9 8 + 0 9
. 500-9
RACTURB
. 2.123. ()
DEC 9 2 0 0 b
1 3 : 2 3 :
NODAL SOLUTION
8*1
BUB *1
TIME~1
SEQV
(AVG)
P o w e rG rap h ic e
EFACBT=1
AVRES*Mat
DMX
001392
SMN = 1 1 4 5 2 2
SMX . 159E * 10
2V 1
* D I 8 T " .043061
= . 3 9 8 6 5 6
*YF * . 0 3 0 3 7 8
'Z F = .1
CAPPED Z-BUFFER
A
" . 862E+0B
.2 6 4 R + 0 9
= . 440B+09
D
K .6 1 7 B + 0 9
E
* . 793E+09
F
* . 969E + 09
G
* . 1 1 4 E + 10
H
. 1 3 2 E + 10
1
* . 1 S 0 E + 10
FRACTURE
. 2.124. ()
132
"ANSYS
POfJTl
DBC . 9 2005
1 3 * 2 1 :0 9
*1
*-1
PATH
aia_i
8IG~2
819 3
OUQ*f)
2994.561
"^T
- SPW'
in#,
&3
r.
-.4.'V
vV'. ;,rt 7
/i
4Wv<*
, >A..W
i
.
/
"'.'Uvt
>4
7.,*-/?!'
%'sh.
a irv*
l ;:*
*%M$i
:>.'yj m
-If#

if."'
>V
'. '
.^
.01
.0:
* ;
:. '_4v^V-
.0 5
D I8T
;
v/'? -/}
;
V-
, -mei
.' ^V^v-
.09
:: 4, ,- *.
' -
:.T 1
t '
FRACTURE
. 2.125. ()
:
sig_l, sig_2, sig_3 ,
5. .
. 2.126.
: = 12,5 .
- :
, 1/4
,
;
,
, (.
5).
I
- (. 2.127):
26875;
6517;

0,00625.
. 2.128 2.129.

. 2.7.
ANSYS

.
:
6 ;
/ = (0,45...0,55)6;
t - 0,56;
1,256;
</ 0,256;
F - 0,556;
(0,25...0,45)6;
= 1,26;
=(1/16)6.
133
:
6 = 1 ;
/ = 0,56 = 0,5 ;
t = 0,56 = 0,5 ;
- 1,256 - 1,25 ;
d - 0,256 = 0,25 ;
0,556-0,55 ;
J - 0;
= 1,26 = 1,2 ;
~ 0.
. 2.126.
>>
'"
2.7
*

ANSYS,
ANSYS, J-
(2.18)
(2.19)
/
238,2
238,9
241,5
241,6
1
1,001
1,013
1,014
i
BLBMBNT3
/UNISYS
FRACTURE
. 2.127. -
AMSYS
MODAl SOLUTION
*"1
BUB =1
TIMB^l
8VS
(AV4)
. * .0 0 2 8 6
3MW
33*
= .0 0 2 6 6
::*< .;: :. :< .
&
$$?!
' :^
IHP
|
, -
'* &!
WS:$%
<&
-*$>$;*
; #>
. 2.128. ()
i NODAL
135
ANSYS
SOLUTION
SUB =1
TIME=1
8BQV
(AUG)
.0 0 2 8 6 3
8MN = 63*08-*
3MX .
700000
. ?.01 ' 0 9
.101E + 09
. 60+09
.400E f0S
. 300E+09
.5 G 0 E 'D 9
. 800+09
.7 0 0 B + 0 9
. 00+09
FRACTURE
. 2.129. ()
DEC
9 2005
1 3 :3 3 :0 1
NODAL SOLUTION
ST E P-1
SUB = 1
T IM =1
SEQV
(AVG)
Powe i S t a p l i i c s
EFA CET=1
AVRE S=Mat.
DMX = . 0 0 2 8 2 9
SUN * 6 5 0 6 4 3
SMX - . 3 1 6 E + 1 0
ZV =1
* D T 8 T .0 2 1 3 3 8
*XF
747688
*YF
= .0 1 4 7 1 9
* ZF
* . 125
CAPPED Z -BUFF
= . 176+09
= . 527F. + 09
* . 878+09
= . 123+10
D
- . 158+10
F
193 - 0
G
= . 228+10
. 263+10
I
. 2 9 8 0
FRACTURE
. 2.130. ()
136
to a v i
DBC 9 2005
1 '29' &
bob * 1
9TZK8-1

29 1
(*0*0|
FRACTURE
. 2.131. ()
:
sig l, sig_2, sig_3 ,
1. , [25]
(2.18)
K ' " V b Y>'
, ,
3 =13,74 1-3,381 11-+-5.572:
\
0 ,4 5 ^ 0,55 |.
2 . {, [16]
(2.19)
9,172-13,829()+11,822(a)2-3 .0 5 6 (a)3] ;
= ~ .
. 2.7.
13 7

. 2.130.

. 2.131.
6. - .
. 2.132.
: = 12,5 .
- :
, 1/4
,
;
,
, (.
6 ).
- (. 2.133):
97923;
21569;

0,0125.
. 2.134 2.135.

. 2 .8 .
ANSYS
{ [17]
"
I V
+1,9+1,1
l+ 0 ,2 5 ( l- a 2) [ l - ZL /, ( ) ,
(2.20)
2)
f i( a ) ,
/, ( ) =
I
[,74 - 6,30+ 6,322 - 2,433] ;
. 2.8.
PC Intel Pentium IV - 2,6 GHz/1 Gb - 1200 .

. 2.136.

. 2.137.
138

:
b ;
X - 0,56;
t = 0,5 b\
\ - ;
2 - 2 - ,
= 0,4 .

:
b = 1 ;
* = 0 ,5 6 = 0,5 ;
t = 0,5 b = 0,5 ;
= b = 1 ;
2 = 2 b = 2 ;
/ = 0,4 b = 0,4 .
. 2.132.
ANSYS
BL2MEHT
FRACTURE
. 2.133. -
139
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
=1
3UB - I
TIM
E*-!
U8UH
(AVG)
3*0
= .0 0 5 1 9 7
3MN - .0 0 1 1 2 4
.0 0 5 1 9 7
-001124
1*
îWrtifoiYirYiiYi
.0 0 2 0 2 9
.0 0 2 9 3 4 " ............... '. 0 0 3 8 2 9 '
.04744
.0 0 1 5 7 7
.0 0 2402
.0 0 3 3 8 7
.0 0 4 2 9 2
.0 Q 5 1 9 1
fc'PACTURE
. 2.134. ()
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
=1
3UD *1
1=1
8BQV
(AVO)
= .0 0 5 1 9 7
SKN = 1 2 7 9 5 ?
. 2 9 2 8 * 1 0
miim
. 150 +07
.1 * 0 9
.6 8 0 8 * 0 8
.2 6 8 8 + 0 9
.2 0 1 8 + 0 9
.4 0 0 * 0 9
.3 3 1 B + U 9
.5 2 4 + 0 9
.4 6 7 8 4 0 9
. 6UUB+U*
FRACTURE
. 2.135. ()
2.8
{. -

Kt, -/
ANSYS,
282,6
ANSYS, ./-
280,8
0,994
(2.20)
283,4
1,003
140
ANSYS
DBC 9 2005
13:46: IS
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP-1
SUB >1
TIME-1
8BQV
(AVG)
Pow * r G r a p h io
BFACBT-1
AVRE8-Mt
DNX ". 005197
8NN -127959
8NX -.292B+10
XV
-1
*DIST-.036177
*XF
I.397
*Yf
->.025361
*2F
125
CAFPBD Z-BUFFIR
A
-.162B+09
-.487B+09
B11B+09
D
-.1HB+10
.146B+10
-.1788+10
a -,211B+10
H
I
-.2438+10
.2768+10
FRACTURE
. 2.136. ()
>
' AMSVSI
0*1
DBG 9 2005
1 3 t4 3 i40
8UB*1
TIHB-1
PATH PLOT
$ 5 1 7 .2 2 1
19*2*167
1 6 6 .6 9 0
FRACTURE
. 2.137. ()
sig_1, sig_2, sig_3 ,
141
7. .
. 2.138.
: = 100
= 78,5 .
- :
, ,
, ;
.
- ,
(. 2.139). 7.
- :
981;
304;
0,025.
. 2.140 2.141.

. 2.9.
ANSYS

.
1. {, [19]
~ D'Jd
(2.21)
ip >
YJ ,
-1
, =0,7978
1+
28
\
-0,8012 L
/D
s .
2 . , [17]
(2 .22)
5
Y ,
( d
' d
0,7961 + 0,453 1+0,978
VD
+ 0,284
v-Dy /
142
-------------
Ly
N .
:
D ;
= (0,6...0,7)>;
L = 10Z).
:
D = 2 ;
d = 0,65> = 1,3 ;
L = 4> = 8 .
. 2.138.
3. , [25]
(2.23)
Y[ = 6 ,5 3 1-1,817
kD j
____________________ (
+ 0,9167
0,6D < d< 0,lD
\D /
;=,12 s
d
2 s < 0 ,0 8 d .
, s = 0.
. 2.9.

. 2.142.

. 2.143.
ANSYS
BLEMENT3
FRACTURE
. 2.139. -
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
3 ttSl
8 UP =1
TIMJS=1
UM
(AV)
R3Y3*0
DMX = .0 0 1 1 7 7
3MX * .0 0 1 1 7 7
1 f 4
II&*** $*'Î
%
*:&#*
mm
*:
i.arii
.52-0
78SK-03
.2 2 -0 3
1 1 -0 0
. 392R-03
6 5 4 8 -0 3
. 00104 0
915B -Q 3
FRACTURE
. 2.140. ()
.0011
144
ANSYS
NODAL 80LUTION
8TBP=1
*1
;: ?: - V: -- ' -*
T IK E *1
SEQV
<AV6>
DUX = .0 0 1 1 7 7
- . 5 3 0 1 + 0 ?
' '' : v
* :,:- , *
X. , -
%;
, ,v - ..
.V. '
- < . . - ; * < V
X; ::: .::-; - , >: v:'*x:x:v ^* :* !
- ' - ;
=:
/^;.
;; v. ::
::: - >:
* X,
0*.110B+10
"'... ................
"
:> >
' '
. .
'.X "
& & ? # # & $ $ '$ !
' ,
. fti
*
,
-- ^ 'V V i.
X.
*>>'
.8 0 0 + 0 7
. 951E+Q 8
. 5162+O B
.1 B 2 E + 0 9
.1 3 9 8 + 0 9
.2 6 9 8 * 0 9
.2 2 6 E + 0 9
.3 S 6 E * 0 9
.3 1 3 B + 0 9
.4 0 0 B + 0 9
FRACTURE
. 2.141. ()
DEC 9 2 0 0 5
1 3 :4 9 :5 4
NODAL SOLUTION
STPP*1
SUB = 1
1 1
SEQV
(AVGJ
P o v o e rG ra p h ic s
E FACET1
AVRER=Mat
DMX = . 0 0 1 1 7 7
8HN * . 5 3 0 E + 0 7
SKX = . 1 1 8 E + 1 Q
3V * 1
D IS T -.1 B 9 7 0 S
*XF = . 6 6 0 9 9 4
*YF s . 1 4 3 8 2 6
CAPPED Z-BUFFBR
A
* . 70SE+08
* .201E+09
a .3 3 2 E + 0 9
D
-.4 6 2 E + 0 9
E
. 593E+09
F
= .723E+09
G
* . 853E+09
H
= . 984E+ 09
I
= . 111E+10
FRACTURE
. 2.142. ()
145
..ANSYS
DEC
STEP=1
- 1
1=1
PATH PLOT
3 IG _ 1
9 2005
1 3 :4 8 :2 4
(xl0 * 6 *
1_2
3 IG 3
1693
1 18.631
0
DIST
FRACTURE
. 2.143. ()
:
2.9
.

Kh Vm
ANSYS,
153,1
ANSYS, ./-
153,9
1,005
(2.21)
179,2
1,17
11 (2 .22 )
198,3
1,295
(2.23)
183,2
1,196
A N SY S
,
(2.22) (2.23), 2 0 -3 0 %. , -
(2 .2 1 ) ( 2 .2 2 ) ( -
).
0,65.
146
8. .
. 2.144.
: = 90 .
- :
;
.

:
W ;
:
W= 0,015 ;
;
= 0,00636 ;
0 = (0...700)
0 = 45 ;
;
\ = 0,045 ;
t = 0,015 .
) =3W;
t=W.
=I
. 2.144.
ELEM
ENTS
ANSYS
. 2.145. -
147
2.10
\.
{, -Vm ,
5,96
J, /
ANSYS,
12,92
11 (2 .22 )
13,7
11 (2.23)
ANSYS,
764,5
1lo ), (2.7)
988,1
ANSYS
1,062
6,35
1,065
1,292
- (. 2.145):

13239;
2632;

0,0133. 8 .
. 2.146 2.147.

. 2 . 10 .

, [17]
K x=Fx< j^ d ,
(2.24)
=Fn<7\[7ti ,
(2.25)
Ft , F|, .
^ , Fu ,
, . 2.148.
F\ = 1,08 = 0,52 ( H\iW= 1;
II2 /W = 1; 0 = 45 .; a/W= 0,424).
. 2.10.
, ANSY S
,
(2.24) (2.25), 6.5 %,
.
, -,
, (2.7) .
, ,
./-. J -
.
,
(1.14).
ANSYS
MODAL SOLUTION
8TBP1
=1
TIK E=1
U8UM
{AVG)
P. BY3*0
DMX = .4 2 7 8 - 0 4
8MX = . 4 2 1 8 - 0 4
::
. 19 -04
. 9 4 9 -0 5
0
. 4 7 5 E -0 5
.1 1 2 8 - 0 4
.2 3 7 8 - 0 4
3 8 0 8 -0 4
.2 8 5 1 - 0 4
. 2 -0 4
.4 2 7 8 - 0 4
. 2.146. ()
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
. 564B +08
. 167K +0 9
. 270E*09
.3 8 9 8 + 0 9
.5 0 0 B + 0 9
. 2.147. ()
149
. 2.148. [17]
2.11

AT,, "3/2
ANSYS
13,57
, -' 3/2
6,667
, _3/2
2.27
9. .
. 2.149.
: = 90 .
- :
;
.
- (. 2.150):
27443;
5936;

0,01875. 9.
. 2.151 2.152.
. 2.11.
150
:
;
/ ;
- \
= (0.. .45) ;
= .

:
= 0,015 ;
/ = 0,0045 ;
= 0,015 ;
= 30;
= 0,045 .
. 2.149.
ANSYS
FI.PMKNT2
. 2.150. -
151
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
8 -1
*1
TIMB -1
hum
ASYe-12
(AVG)
DMX . 4 2 7 1 - 0 4
3MX = . 4 2 7 B -0 4
. 9 4 9 K -0 5
. 4 1 5 -05
. 14 -04
.2 3 7 2 - 0 4
, 3 3 2 S -0 4
. 42T B -04
. 2.151. ()
AMSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
. 2 7 7 E-*0C
. 8 8 +08
.1 4 0 9
. 187 +39
.2 4 0 - 0 9
. 2.152. ()
10.
- .
I
( 1 ).
: = 100
= 20 .
152
2.12

5603
11567
37223
1152
2432
8112
0,05
0,025
0,0125
] , 3 2 ( ANSYS)
88,46
88,03
87,94
\ , -5 2 ( (2.9))
87,29
87,29
87,29
1,013
1,008
1,007
70
120
180
- ,
.
. 2.12, . 2.153.
. 2.12.
11.

.
1
( 1 ).
: = 1 0 0
= 20 .
- 1 (. . 2.5).

:
* ;
* , a i c (.
);
* .

. 2.13.
153
ANSYS
ANSYS
BLEMBNT8
**
FRACHJRB
. 2.153, . - : a 1; 2
154
FRACTURE
. 2.153. - 3
2.13

, , - 3/2 ( ANSYS)
88,10
88,03
89,51
| , - '2 ( (2,9))
87,29
87,29
87,29
1,009
1,008
1,025
12. J-
.
1 (
1 ).
1: = 1 0 0
- 20 .
- 1 (. . 2.5).
./-
(. 2.154):
, a i c (. 2.154, );
, (. 2.154, )\
, (. 2.154, ).
155
. 2.154. - : 1; 2; 3
2.14

iypa
./ , --1
32,99
33,06
33,98
./ , - ', J-
(2 .8)
33,50
33,50
33,50
0,985
0,987
1,014

. 2.14.
2.4.

:

,
,
,
;
,
./-,
0,3 %,
;
A N SY S
,
, ,
;
, . 2 . 1 2 , ,
,
, .
;
156
. 2.13 ,
;
, 2.14 ,
.
4 , 4,
( ^
).
, (
)
, ANSYS, *
, . ,
( , )
, . ^
, .

( 5 %,
). ,
.
3
'I

ANSYS .

,
.
12 /-
. ,
2 ,
J -. ,
7 -
() .
, :
- ( 10);
71
] J - ~ ( 11).
t(b - 1)

-
(MISO). [26]
38 4543-71 (: 850 ,
; : 570 , ).

1497-84.
.
:
= 905 ;
c 0i = 1010 ;
= 1180 ;
\|/ = 52 %;
5 = 14,8 %;

= 1625 .
158
Tabl* Diti
ANSYS
MZ30 Table Material
JUL
2004
H i 2 7 :2 7
1=0.00
<10**)
1440.
14 1 5 . l i - J 7
1120.
19
10
20
2L
22
23
^
( f
SIG
\
\
640.
4SO.
1
160.
.312
156
1 .2 4 *
936
624
.4 6 6
1.092
3
1 .4 0 4
EPS
Test
a)
Table Data
AKEYS
MI90 Table For Material
DEC 3 2005
2 0 :2 5 * 1 2
T1*0>00
(xl0**6)
SIG
,\u
.436
.73
EPS
1.022
1 . 3
Test
6)
. 3.1. :
a ;

159
3.1

1
2
0,00000
0,0
0,0000
0,0000
0,00143
0,00287
0,00359
0,00431
0,00503
0,00575
0,00646
0,00718
0,00790
0,00862
0,01004
0,01149
0,01437
0,01724
300
605
780
905
965
996
1005
0,0014
0,0029
0,0036
0,0043
0,0050
0,0057
0,0064
0,0072
0,0079
0,0086
300,4
606,7
782,8
908,9
969,9
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0,02011
0,02298
0,02873
0,03448
0,04597
0,05746
0,06895
0,08044
0,09194
0,10343
0,11492
0,12641
0,13790
0,14652
0,15560
1020
1030
1035
1045
1060
1085
1095
1105
1125
1145
1150
1170
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1180
1175
1150
1100
780
0,0100
0,0114
0,0143
0,0171
0,0199
0,0227
0,0283
0,0339
0,0449
0,0559
0,0667
0,0774
0,0880
0,0984
0,1088
0,1190
0,1292
0,1367
0,1446
1002
1011
1027
1038
1044
1055
1072
1101
1114
1127
1151
1178
1190
1224
1248
1261
1275
1284
1319
1356
1393
1430
1457
1485

, .

.
160
. 3.1, *
. 3.1.
,
1.5. , ^
. !
.
; *
.
^

,
( . 3.1; STRN , STRS ).
1 '
!
eic = 2.1+11
nuic = 0.3
gx - e i c / (2*(1+nuic))
spc = 900.Oe+6
s02 * 1010.Oe+6
sb = 1180.Oe+6
eb = 0.093
sk = 1625.Oe+6
delta = 0 . 1 4
fi
= 0.52
()
skjp sb*(l + 1.4*fi)

!
fibjp f i * ((sb-s02)/ (sk-s02))
eb_j? = log (1/(1-f ibjp))
ek - l/(l-fi)
e02 * s02/eic+0.002
epc - spc/eic
!
epc_i = LOG(1+spc/eic)
!
spc_i = spc*(1+spc/eic)
e02_i = L O G (1+(s02/eic+0.002))
s02_i = s 0 2 * (1+(s02/eic+0.002))
eb_i = LOG(l+eb)
eb_i_p = LOG(l+eb_p)
sb_i = sb*(l+eb_i_p)
sb_i = sb*(l+eb_i)
ek_i = LOG(l+ek)
sk i = sk
*DIMfSTRN_1,,30,1
*DIM,STRS_1,,30,1
*DIM,STRN_2,,25,1
*DIM,STRS_2,,25,1
!
!
!
! (. . 3.1)
STRN_1(1)
STRN 1(8)
0.00000,0.00143,0.00287,0.00359,0.00431,0.00503,0.00575
0.00646,0.00718,0.00790,0.00862,0.01004,0.01149,0.01437
>j
161
|TRN_1(15) = 0.01724,0.02011,0.02298,0.02873,0.03448, 0.04597,0.05746

|TRN_1(22) * 0.06895,0.08044,0.09194,0.10343,0.11492, 0.12641,0.137 90
|TRN_1(29) - 0.14652,0.15560
|TRS_1(1) = O.OE+6,300E+6,605E+6,780E+6,905E+6,965E+6,996E+6
BTRS_1(8) = 1005E+6, 1020E+6, 1030E+6,1035E+6, 1045E+6, 1060E+6, 1085E+6
TRS_1(15) = 1095E+6,1105E+6,1125E+6,1145E+6,1150E+6,1170E+6,1180E+6
TRS_1 (22) 1180E+6,'1180E+6,1180E+6,1180E+6,1180E+6,1175E+6,. 1150E+6
BTRS_1(29) = 1100E+6,780E+6

( ,
,
)
,
( . 3.1),

*00,1,1,23,1
STRN_2(I) = L O G (1+STRN_1(I))
STRS_2 (I) = STRS 1(I)*(1+STRN 1(1))
*ENDDO
STRN_2(24)
STRS_2(24)
STRN_2(25)
HTRS 2(25)
! ,
!
!
eb_i
sb_i
ek_i
sk i
eic = STRS_2(5)/STRN_2(5)
MP,EX,1, eic
MP,NUXY,1,nuic
!
!

( )
,MISO, 1,1,21
,0.0
!
!
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
STRN_ 2
STRN]"2
STRN]"2
strn]2
s t r n ""2
STRN~ 2
s t r n ]~2
s t r n "~2
s t r n "~2
s t r n ]~2
s t r n ]~2
s t r n ]~2
strn]2
strn"
2
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
STRS 2(5) ! < -

STRS 2(6)
STRS_2(7)
STRS_2(8)
S T R S _ 2 (9)
,STRS_2 10)
,STRS_2 11)
,STRS_2 12)
,STRS_2 13)
,STRS_2 14)
,STRS_2 15)
,STRS_2 16)
,STRS_2 17)
,STRS 2 18)
162
TBPT,DEFI,STRN_2(19),STRS J2 (19)
TBPT,DEFI,STRN_2(20),S T R S _ 2 (20)
TBPT, J3EFI,STRN_2 (21) ,STRS_2 (21)
TBPT,DEFI,STRN_2(24),STRS_2(24)
<-
<-
TBPLOT,MISO,1

.
2.

2 ,
. , ,
, -
= .
, - 4
, *
.
!
/FILNAME,Model_16,1
/TITLE,Model 16
! Jobname = Model_16
! ( Model__16)
!
(. 6 2),
- . *
, .
SAVE
FINISH
N__STEP = 1 0
* D I M , K I _ 1 , ,N_STEP, 1
* D I M , K I _ 2 , ,N _ S T E P , 1
*DIM,KI_3,,N_STEP, 1
* D I M , J I _ 1 , ,N _ S T E P , 1
*DIM,JI_2,,N_STEP,1
* D I M , U Y _ 1 ,,N_STEP, 1
*DIM,pr_l,,N_STEP,1
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
NLGEOM,ON
OUTPR,ALL,ALL
OUTRES,ALL,ALL

!
!
!

NROPT, FULL
IQSLV, SPARSE
163
! SPARSE
DO,I_STEP,1,N_STEP,1
fyl_cur = fyl*(I_STEP/N_STEP)**0.5
TIME, I__STEP
f,nrigl, fy, fyl_cur
80LVE
!
ENDDO
SAVE
FINISH
!
[
/POST1
*DO,I_STEP,1,N_STEP,1
SET,INSTEP
csys,0
(. 6 2)
.
I J- Z = zic ()
(. 6 2),
/-.
eicl = e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic))
nji,njj,njk,njl
KI1J * SQRT(eicl*JINT)
KI_1(INSTEP)
KI_2(I_STEP)
KI_3(IjSTEP)
JI_1(I_STEP)
UY_1(I_STEP)
pr_1 (I_STEP)
*ENDDO
FINISH
=
=
=
*
-

j_f_l.mac
(
nji - njl),
JINT
(I)
J-
KI1J
KI1
KI2
KI3
JINT
UY(nuy)
2*fyl* (I_STEP/N STEP)**0.5
164
, J-
,
I _ 1 , K I _ 2 , K I _ 3 , J I _ 1 , UY_ 1 , p r _ l ( I _ S T E P )
.
1. .
. 2.4.
: = 869 .
- . 2.5.
. 3.2...3.4.
PC Intel Pentium 64 / 3 , 2 GHz /4 Gb
~57 .

= 869 . 3.5.

. 3.6.
J - . 3.7...3.9.
J-
= 652 . 3.10,
J - . 3.2.
3.2
J-.

= 652
,
./-, -' 1
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,48
0,8
1,24
2,49
6)
. 3.2. ():
= 326 ; = 434 ; = 543
,|*
iwiKv
. |
.7;0*
'4 ** 4
165
,1>|
. 3.3. ():
= 326 ; = 434 ; = 543
I X
.001111
. 5 ? 7
. >?
.003333
.
.08777
.01
. 3.4. :
= 326 ; = 434 ; = 543
DEC
9 2005
1 7 :2 5 :0 8
NODAL SOLUTION
8TBPS2 5
SUB * 2
T IM E * 2 S
SEQV
(AVG)
Powe r G r a p h i c s
EFACET3 1
AVRE6 M at
029967
DMX
SMN * . 1 4 0 E + 0 9
SMX = . S 0 1 E + 10
2V
-1
* D IS T = .0 6 1 8 4 1
*
= .2 0 1 1 0 4
-.0 5 3 6 4
*YF
* 2F
* .0 5 0 1 6 9
CAPPED 2-8U F F 1
A
* . 410E+09
951E+09
c . 149E+10
D
**. 2 0 3 E + 1 0
E
-.2 5 7 E + 1 0
F
* .3 1 2 E flO
G
366E+10
H
420E+10
I
= . 474E+10
. 3.5. ()
166
ANSYS
031
STEP^ZO
SUB =2
t i m b =20
PATH PLOT
3IG_1
BIG_2
DEC 9 2003
17s19:45
( x ! 0 # t 6)
.03
*01
*07
.05
09
DIST
FRACTURE
. .. ()
:
AIMSVSI
DEC
(10*4)
ftftftn
..
9 2005
1711341
. . .
7200.
6400.
5600.
4000.
J,
U m -1
4000.
32
2400.
1600,
900.
(*10**6)
200
100
400
300
600
500
BOO
700
1000
900
Pa
FRACTURE
. 3.7. - :
, ;
J - , 1
167
1
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DSC
9 2005
17:11:36
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3.6
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, ;
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:
, ;
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. 3.10. - ( )
= 652
?
. (*
) , 2 ,
2 ,
, *
. 1. !
.

1. ANSYS: *
.
S 2 .
Start > Programs > ANSYS 9.0 > ANSYS Product Launcher
File Management
Working Directory Job Name: M o d e l_ ll,
Run.
2. .
S 2 .
Utility Menu > File > Change Title ...

M o d e l_ ll [/TITLE] Enter new title Change Title
.
169
:
/TITLE,Model_ll
3. .
J 2.
Utility Menu > Parameters > Angular Units

Degrees DEG [*AFUN] Units for angular - parametric
functions Angular Units for Parametric Functions OK.
:
*AFUN, DEG
4. .
S 2 ,

().
:
bic
hie
tic
lie
zic
1. 0
3.0*bic
0.l*bic
0.2*bic
0.0
ric = 0.10*lic
aic = 8*ric
xl = lie x2 = lie x3 = lie
x4 = lie +
x5 - lie +
- bic/2
yl = ric
y2 - aic/2
y3 = hic/2
nic = 4
aic/2
ric

()

()
()
ric
aic/2
nl = NINT(xl/ric/2)
n2 = N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
n3 - NINT((y3-y2)/ric/4)
eic = 2 .1134ell
nuic = 0.3
st = 9.05e+8
0 = 8.698
()
()
()
()
Z- (),

J- ( ,
)

( )
1, 15, 24
6, 18, 27
19...23
() -

()
!
()
170
-
5. .
S 2.
Main M enu > Preprocessor
:
/PREP7
6. .
S 2.
M ain M enu > Preprocessor > E lem ent Type > A dd/E dit/D elete
Element Types Add.
Not Solved, Mesh Facet 200; ,
1 ( Element type reference number) .
Element Types
1 MESH200 Options...
MESH200 element type options QUAD 8-NODE
Element shape and # of nodes 1 ( K2 )
.
Element Types Add.
Library of Element Types Solid,
20node 95; , 2 (
Element type reference number) .
Element Types Close.
:
, 1,K E S H 2 0 0 , 7
, 2 , SOLID95
()

.
7.
S 2 .
7.1. - .
S 2
.
-
ANSY S.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > M aterial Props > M aterial M odels
taterial Mode*Number l
171
yp-'pip
-f *
* W : 'y't
f W
# *W #
[ Favorites
Structural
d l Linear
Orthotropic
Anisotropic
Nonlinear
Density
Jjg Thermal Expansion
Damping
;: >:;>;<< >
* 1
X --'V v
> <r ?{>;<V..*
V'/
'^ v! v' !C>'-,,vv' *!. !!.vi',;.

................................
:S I
mm
** - v . w . . v . .v . .v
& . ' -
.,: ? *
%%
v.
::
:***: *v>
. 3.11.
LinearIsotropicPro^rtifcs
,:,.;i.
:::::X; :;:>:- '

&;<?:
<.% #:*: %*
*.,V.%> V*
11
**%****>
&
**:S
v.
. A * v i .S V ^ X<<44\ :
AV.V
|I ; >: i M
fbfQ ^' ''
y& i'.y* :- '
iv-g1'p
1 1 .
..
.* ...|......~ .- . .-
. 3.12. -
Define Material Model Behavior (, 3.11)
Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic.

Number 1 (. 3.12) :
e i c ( ),
n u i c PRXY ( ).
.
172
(^DefineMot^natM
mfc*!Bph^viot
i f i: il w- }<?! , 'i
Rete Indeoendemt
^
Isotropic Hardening Ptasfcdty
Wee* PiastJdty
6near
'>>;
?%
-5-^^-.
. 3.13.
:
, E X , 1,eic
, P R X Y , 1,nuic
, N U X Y , 1,nuic

.
7.2.
2.

, .
Define Materia! Model Behavior (. 3.13)
Structural > Nonlinear > Inelastic > Rate Independent > Isotropic Hardening
Plasticity > Mises Plasticity > Multilinear.
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening for Material Number 1
(. 3.14)
.
, :
STRAIN ;
S T R E S S ;

( ).
Add Point .
Delete Point .
21 (
):
STRAIN
STRESS
0.0043007
9.08908
0.0050174
9.69858
0.0057335
1.00179
0.0064392
1.01159
0.0071543
1.02739
0.0078690
1.0381 9
0.0085831
1.04399
0.0099899
1.05559
0.0114240
1,07229
0.0142680
1.10069
0.0170930
1.11399
0.0199100
1.12729
0.0227200
1.15099
0.0283250
1.17799
0.0338990
1.18979
0.0449450
1.22389
0.0558700
1,24789
0.0666770
1.26149
0.0773680
1,27499
0.0889260
1,28499
1.1260000
1.62509
173
, -
STRESS/STRAIN
9.089-108 _
11, _
,
, . . -------------- = 2.1134 10 ; F
0.0043007
.
:
ic = 2 . 1+11
nuic = 0.3
qx = e i c / ( 2 * (1+nuic))
= 900.Oe+6
02 = 1 0 1 0 . Oe+6
sb = 1180.Oe+6
eb = 0.093
sk = 1625.Oe+6
delta = 0.14
fi
=0.52
!
!
Multilinear Isotropic Hardening Material Number 1
. 3.14.

175
Bkjp = sb*(l +
!
fibj? = f i * ((sb-s02)/ (sk-s02))
eb_p = l o g (1/(1-fibjp))
ek = 1/ (1-fi)
02 = s02/eic+0.002
epc = spc/eic
!
epc_i = LOG(1+spc/eic)
!
epc_i = spc* (1+spc/eic)
e02_i = L O G (1+(s02/eic+0.002))
s02 i - s02* ( 1+ (s02/eic+0.002))
e b _ i = LOG(l+eb)
e b _ i _ p - LOG(l+eb_p)
s b _ i = sb*(l+eb_i_p)
a b _ i - sb*(l+eb_i)
ek__i - LOG(1+ek)
sk_i = sk
*DIM,STRN_1,,30,1
*DIM,STRS_1,,30,1
*DIM,STRN_2,,25,1
*DIM,STRS 2,,25,1
!
!
!
! (. . 3.1)
STRN_1(1) = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 , 0 . 0 0 1 4 3 , 0 . 0 0 2 8 7 , 0 . 0 0 3 5 9 , 0 . 0 0 4 3 1 , 0 . 0 0 5 0 3 , 0 . 0 0 5 7 5
STRN_ 1 ( 8) = 0 . 0 0 6 4 6 , 0 . 0 0 7 1 8 , 0 . 0 0 7 9 0 , 0 . 0 0 8 6 2 , 0 . 0 1 0 0 4 , 0 . 0 1 1 4 9 , 0 . 0 1 4 3 7
STRN_ 1 ( 1 5 ) - 0 . 0 1 7 2 4 , 0 . 0 2 0 1 1 , 0 . 0 2 2 9 8 , 0 . 0 2 8 7 3 , 0 . 0 3 4 4 8 , 0 . 0 4 5 9 7 , 0 . 0 5 7 4 6
STRN__1( 2 2 ) - 0 . 0 6 8 9 5 , 0 . 0 8 0 4 4 , 0 . 0 9 1 9 4 , 0 . 1 0 3 4 3 , 0 . 1 1 4 9 2 , 0 . 1 2 6 4 1 , 0 . 1 3 7 9 0
STRN__1( 2 9 ) = 0 . 1 4 6 5 2 , 0 . 1 5 5 6 0
STRSJL(l) - 0.OE+6,300E+6,605E+6,780E+6,905E+6,965E+6,996E+6
STRS_1(8) = 1005E+6,1020E+6,1030E+6,1035E+6,1045E+6,1060E+6,1085E+6
STRS_1(15) = 1095E+6,1105E+6,1125E+6,1145E+6,1150E+6,1170E+6,1180E+6
STRS_1(22) 1180E+6,1180E+6,1180E+6,1180E+6,1180E+6,1175E+6,1150E+6
STRS_1(29) = 1100E+6,780E+6
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

( ,
,
)...
,
( . 3.1),

!
!
*DO,1,1,23,1
STRN_2(I) = LOG(l+STRN_l(I))
STRS_2(I) = STRS_1(I)* (1+STRN_1(I))
*ENDDO
STRN__2(24)
STRS_2(24)
STRN_2(25)
STRS 2 (25)
*
=
=
eb_i
sb_i
ek_i
sk i
! ,
!
!
'
176
eic = STRS 2(5)/STRN 2(5)
MP,EX,leic
MP ,NUXY,1,nuic
!
!
!
! ( )
TB,MISO,1,1,21
,0.0
!
!
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,
DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
TBPT,DEFI
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN__2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN__2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN_2
STRN__2
STRN 2
<->
5),STRS 2(5)
6), STRS^ 2 ( 6 )
7), STRS' 2(7)
8),STRS 2 (8 )
9),STRS 2(9)
10 STRS _2 10 )
11 STRS _2 11 )
12 STRS 2 12 )
13 STRS 2 13)
14 STRS 2 14)
15 STRS 2 15)
16 STRS 2 16)
17 STRS 2 17)
18 STRS 2 18)
19 STRS 2 19)
20 STRS 2 2 0 )
21 STRS 2 1 )
22 STRS 2 2 2 )
23 STRS '2 23)
24 STRS 2 24) ! <-
25 STRS 2 25) ! <-
,
ARRAY; : STRN_1 STRS_1
()
, STRN_2 STRS_2, (
) .
Graph
(. 3.15).
, ANSYS MI SO

, .
, (
) .
:
TBPLOT,MISO,1
111
8. .
'
* *
S 2.
In Active CS
4
4 ' .
NPT Keypoint number Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate

System 1, X,Y,Z Location in Active CS
Apply.
. 4
(, 0} .
NPT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
> 13
14
15
16
17
18
'
X
xl
2
4
5
0
xl
0
xl
* .
Y
0
0
0
0
40
0
!
2
2
2
2
2
:
, 1/ 0, 0
,2,1,0
,3,2,0
,4,,0
, 5,4,0
,6,5,0
/ 7,,0
,8,,1
, 9 , 0,2
,10,1,2
,11,,2
!
!
!
!
!
1
!
!
!
!
!
1
2
3
4 ( )
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
178
7TOSYS
T a b le D ace
21 2006
0 1 :1 7 :2 7
T l - 0 .0 0
HI SO T a b le P r e v i w
<1*+**>
SIG
too
.1
.U S
.919
.11
.til
EPS
.#?
I.**
1
l.H I
. 3.15.
(MISO)
i
,12,5,2
,13,6,2
,14,0,
,15,1,
,16,,
,17,5,
,18,,
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

9. .
S 2.
Straight Line
,
( ):

1
2
3
4
5
6

2
3
4
5
6
7
Ll, L2, L3 .

L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
179

( 4)
( L7) 3 8:
By End KPs & Rad
3, 8 > Apply > 4 > Apply >
RAD = r i c > .
4 8 L8:
Straight Line

4
L8
( L9) 8 5:
By End KPs & Rad
8, 5 > Apply > 4 > Apply > RAD =
-ric>O K .
:
Straight Line

1
2
8
6
7
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
9
10
11
12
13
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15
16
17
18
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
180
10. .
S 2.
MeshTool:

, :
L l, Apply; n l NDIV
No. of element divisions Element sizes on picked lines,
Apply.
L2, Apply; 4 NDIV No.
of element divisions 1/2.5 SPACE Spacing ratio,
Apply.
:
L6 > Apply >N D IV = n 2 > SPACE >
Apply;
L7 > Apply > NDIV = n ic > SPACE >

Apply;
L9 > Apply >N D IV = n i c > SPACE >

Apply;
L10 L ll > Apply > NDIV = 2 > SPACE

> A pply;
> Apply;
> Apply;
> Apply;
L18 > Apply > NDIV = n2 > SPACE >
Apply;
L19 L23 > Apply > NDIV = n3 >

SPACE > Apply;
> Apply;
> Apply;
L27 > Apply > NDIV = 2 > SPACE
> .
(
):
181
LI
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
...
L8
L9
...
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L2 6
L27
1., 1, 2, nl
1,,2,3, 4,1/2. 5
,3,4
I*, 4 , 5
1,, 5, 6, 4, 2.5
1., 6, 7, 2
I.ARC, 3, 8, 4, ric
l.ESIZE, 7, , ,nic
li, 4, 8,
I.ARC, 8,5,4, ric
RESIZE,9,,,nic
1., 1,9,2
1,,2,10,2
1., 8, 11,4,2.5
I., 6,12,2
1., 7, 13, 2
I., 9, 10, nl
., 10,11,2
L,11,12,2
1., 12,13, n2
b, 9,14, n3
l 10,15,n3
L, 11, 16, n3
li, 12,17, n3
L,13,18,n3
L, 14,15,nl
I-, 15, 16,2
L, 16, 17,2
L,17,18,n2

11. .
S 2.
.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas >
Arbitrary > By Lines
, (
):
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L15
L16
L17
L18
L11
L7
L8
L9
L13
L14
L20
L21
L22
L23
L15
L12
L7
L8
L17
L18
L24
L25
L26
L27
L10
L16
L11
L12
L13
L19
L20
L21
L22
L9
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
182
:
AL,1,11,15,10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL,3,8,7
AL,4,9,8
AL,5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
AL,15,20,24,19
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
AL,18,23,27,22
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
:
Toolbar > SAVE_DB
:
SAVE

12. .
S 2.
( )
.
Pick ; Area Attributes , n j
1 MESH200 TYPE Element type number,
.
:
, 1
TYPE,1
13. .
S 2.
d e l r ,
:
delr = ric/4
4 ( ); Concentration
Keypoint , NPT Keypoint for concentration
(4); DELR Radius of 1st row of elems )
d e lr ; RRAT Radius ratio (2nd row/1 st)
NTHET No of elems around circumf n ic ;
KCTIP midside node position Skewed 1/4pt, OK
183
4 ,
;
, 1/4
.
:
KSCON,4,delr,1,nic
14. ( , 4).
J 2.

( ) .
:
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,0
15. 4
( ).
S 2.
:
4, .

, Close.
:
AMESH,3,4,1
16.
2 5.
S 2.

.
:
MSHKEY,1

2 5 :
184
---- ? - ........- ......... - -
........-
- - , -
---
2 ( ) > >
8, 11, 2, 3 ( 10 ,
6 1 ).
5 ( ) >
> 5, 6, 11,8 ( 12 ,
L13 L17).
:
,2,8,11,2,3
,5,5,6,11,8
17. (1 6-10).
S 2. ,

1 6-10:
MeshTool > 3 or 4 sided > Mesh
: 1 6-10 > .
MeshTool, Close.
:
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1
- .
.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB
:
SAVE
18. .
S 2.
nz:
nz = 8
:
Elem Ext Opts
Element Extrusion Options: TYPE Element type number
2 SOLID95 ( ); Element
sizing options for extrusion / VAL1 No. Elem divs nz (-
185
); (Yes)
ACLEAR Clear area(s) after ext (
); .
:
TYPE,2
EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1
19. .
S 2.

tic Z:
Areas > By XYZ Offset
Pick All; Extrude Areas by XYZ Offset DX,DY,DZ
Offsets for extrusion t i c DZ (DX DY
); .

, Close.
:
VEXT,1 ,1 0 ,1 ,,,t i c , 1,1,1
- .

.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB
:
SAVE
?
f
20. .
S 2.
XZ ( Y = 0):

( ), . .
, X [, ]:
186

, > Reselect > Apply.
:
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,
NSEL,R,LOC,X,x3,x6
Y (. .
XZ):
Pick All; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs tc|
be constrained UY, VALUE Displacement value of
.
:
D,ALL,UY,0
, :
YZ ( X = 0):
Nodes > By Location > X coordinates, Min.Max -;
X (. .
YZ):
Pick All; Apply U,ROT bn Nodes Lab2 DOFs td
be constrained UX (,
), VALUE Displacement value Oj
.
:
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
D,ALL,UX,0
XY ( Z - 0):
Nodes > By Location > Z coordinates, Min,Max *4
Z (. .
XY):
i
187
Pick ; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs to

be constrained UZ (,
.
:
N S E L ,S ,L O C ,Z ,0
D ,A L L ,U Z ,0
21. .
S 2 ,
.
:

Z:
Pick All; Apply U,ROT on Nodes Lab2 DOFs to
be constrained UZ (,
.
:
ALLSEL
D, A L L , U Z , 0
.
2,
. ,
.
.
,
,

.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJ ) B
:
SAVE

22. .
S 2.
Main Menu > Solution
188
:
*
/SOLU
23. .
S 2
;
.
.
:
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis > New Analysis
New Analysis , Static,
.
:
ANTYPE,STATIC
|
: |
.
Solution Controls Ba
(. 3.16); Analysis Options Large Displacem
Static; Write Items to Result File All solution items
Frequency: Write every subst
( ).
. Large Displacement Static *
. ,
Time Control: ,
, (
),
Time at end of loadstep ( t im e ), (Nurrt
ber of substeps) (Time increment).
(
), .
, , !
.
I
:
NLGEOM,ON
OUTRES,ALL,ALL
SPARSE .
Sol'n Options, Equation Solve
Sparse direct,
.
189
. 3.16. : Basic
:
EQSLV,SPARSE
.
Main Menu > Solution > Load Step Opts > Output Ctrls >
Solu Printout
Solution Printout Controls (. 3.17): Item for printout
control All items; FREQ Print frequency
Every substep; .
:
O U T P R ,A L L , ALL
.
.
[|*{} = {F},

190
. 3.17.
[| ();
{Aw}z , {},- = {}/ - {};
{F} ;
{F}m ,
.
,
:
Main Menu > Solution > Unabridged Menu
:
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > Analysis Options
Static or Steady-State Analysis (. 3.18) [NROPT] NewtonRaphson option Full N-R;
.
:
NROPT,FULL
:
Toolbar > SAVE DB
191
. 3.18.
:
SAVE

24. .
S 2.
,

, - ,
.
:
!
! ,
!
192
*DIM,KI_1,,N
*DIM,KI_2 , t N
*DIM, KI_3, ,N'
*DIM,JI_1,,N
*DIM,JI_2,,N
*DIM,UY_1,,N
*DIM,PR 1,,N
STEP,1
STEP,1
STEP,1
STEP,1
STEP,1
STEP,1
STEP,1
.
.
.
J-

(I)
(II)
(III)
G
:
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Parameters > Define/Edit...
25 .
.
S 2
, ,
.

. (
) ,
.
:
*DO, I_STEP, 1,N__STEP, 1
_cur = p0*(I_STEP/N_STEP)**0.5
()
TIME,I STEP
ASEL,S,LOC,Y,hic/2
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,-p_cur
ALLSEL
SOLVE
ENDDO
. ,
.
*DO I_STEP,
1 N_STEP (, N_STEP = 25).
*DO
.
p c u r
0
;
-
193
,
.
TIME , I_STEP
(. . 23). ( )
Solution Controls, Time Control: Main Menu > Solution >
Analysis Type > Solfn Controls.
(
Y = hicfl) 2:
Areas > By Location > Y coordinates, Min,Max = h ic /2 , From Full > OK.
()
2 ,
p__cur :
Structural > Pressure > On Areas
Pick All; VALUE Load PRES value = -p__cur > OK.
:
:
Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS
*ENDDO
. .
ANSYS .
- Solution is done!, Close.
.

M o d e l_ _ l 1 . r s t ,
( ,
) .
()
26. .
S 2.

:
/P0ST1
27. ,

. 24 .
194
S . 27-35 2 *!

.
. 25.
.
. . 27-35 2.
:
*DO,I S T E P , 1,N STEP,1
SET,I STEP
!
!
RSYS,
!
!
!
ni = N O D E (,0.0,zic)
! ni I
! Z zic
nj = N O D E (2,0.0,zic)
J,

, Z zic
nk = NODE(xl,0.0,zic)
,

, Z = zic
PATH,ki,3,,48
! () ki,
i 3
PPATH,1,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
! ni - nk

Z = zic () ni - nk

KCALC,0,1,0
*GET,KI1,KCALC,,, 1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
*GET,KI3,KCALC, ,, 3
!
!
(I ) KI1
(II) KI2
(III) KI3
! J- Z = zic ()
! nji - n'jl j_f_l.mac
! ( nji - njn)
! J-
nji = N O D E (5,0.0,zic)
! nji
! (1- )
195
njj - NODE(5,2,zic)
! njj
! (2- )
njk = NODE(xl,2, zic)
! njk
! (3- )
nji = NODE(xl,0.0,zic)
! nji
! (4- )
j_f_l,nji,njj,njk, nji
j_f_l.mac
(
nji - nji),
JINT F
KI_1(I_STEP)
KI_2(INSTEP)
KI_3(INSTEP)
JI 1(1 STEP)
KI1
12
KI3
JINT
KI_1
_2
1__3
JI 1
( (1))
( (II) )
( ( ) )
(J-)
G
( , 1.11)
JI ^* 2
JI 2(1 STEP) = ((l-nuic**2)* (KI1**2 + KI2**2) + (1+nuic)*KI3**2)/eic
nuy = N O D E (0.0,hic/2,0.0)
UY_1(I STEP) * UY(nuy)

(
)
! UY 1
! ( )
!
! PR_1
PR_1(I_STEP) p0*(I_STEP/N_STEP)**0.5
ENDDO
. .
*DO I STEP,
1 N_STEP (N_STEP - 25).
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Load Step >
LSTEP Load step number > .
(
2):
Main Menu > General Postproc > Options for Qutp >
[RSYS] Results coord system Global Cartesian > OK.
196
....... ....... .. .......
...................................................

2 ,
:
* 4
By Nodes >
List of Items n i > Enter; n j > Enter; nk >
Enter > OK >
Name Define Path Name k i;
nDiv Number of divisions 48 > .

( 2):
KPLAN Disp extrapolat based on Plane strain;
MAT Material num for extrap 1;
KCSYM Model type Half - symm b.c. > OK.

KI1, KI2, KI3 ( 2):
Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Data
>
Results Data > Other operations > OK >

Name of parameter to be defined
intens fact > KI > Apply >
KI2 > Strs intens fact > Kll > Apply >
k i 3 > Strs intens fact > Kill > OK.
ki
l > Strs
-.
2 *
, j _f _1 . mac, .

-

.
(1.11)
G.

.
(
).

or
.
*ENDDO .
I
4
'
|| 20
21
III 24
fti 25
1
| 26
1 1 1 27
IlS28
i i 29
11130
# 31
' : !
1.0000
2.0000
3.0000
4.0000
5.0000
6.0000
7.0000
$.0000
9.0000
10.000
11.000
12.000
13.000
14.000
15.000
16.000
17.000
18.000
19.000
19.689
20.000
20.543
21.000
21352
21.704
22.000
22.379
22.746
23.000
23,329
23.640
23.820
24.000
24.279
24.558
24.823
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
6
9
10
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
24
25
25
2S
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1 i
l
l
i
l
l
i
l
i
2
1
i
2
3
' 1
3
l
2
3
4
1
2
3
197
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
37
40
44
48
52
56
60
65
74
76
85
87
96
98
100
112
116
118
134
140
142
144
161
163
169
. 3.19.
28. .
S 2 ,
,
.
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Load Step >
LSTEP Load step number > .
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > By Pick >
198
-!
l-i
Results File: M odeM I.rst ( ^

, M o d e l_ ll. r s t )
Read > Close (. 3.19).
:
SET,<HOMep >
,
:
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Displacement Scaling
Displacement Display Scaling DMULT Dis*
placement scale factor 1.0 (true scale) OK (. 3.20).
:
/DSCALE,1,1 "
:
Nodal Solu >
199
Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Displacement vector sum > OK.
:
PLNSOL,U,SUM
:
Nodal Solu
Nodal Solution > Stress > von Mises stress > OK.
:
PLNSOL,S,EQV
29. .
S 2.
, , -
,
( Table).
. ( Array)
. ,
,
, .

, ,
. ,
Load Load (1) =100 Load (2) =200,
Load ( 1 . 5 ) , . . 1.5, 150.

, .
.
.
J_P Y P:
Array Parameters Add... (. 3.21).
Add New Array Parameter Par Parameter name
: J_P; Type Parameter type, ,
Table ( ); l,J,K No. of rows,cols,planes,
, ,
N STEP+1; (. 3.22).

J_P (N_STEP+1) X 1 X 1.
J -
, 7- .
200
'1/
j
. 3.21. -
. 3.22*
v
Y_P Table
(N_STEP+1 ) X 1 X 1.
*
, .
:
DIM,J_P,TABLE,N_STEP+1
*DIM,Y P,TABLE,N STEP+1
201
. 3.23. J
Array Parameters.
.
Array Parameters j _ p
Edit... Table Array: J_P = f(Row,
Column,Plane). ,
, .
, (. 3.23).
, ( ),
. File > Apply/Quit.
.
202
. 3.24. J
:
J _ P (1,0)
j_P(i,n
Y_P(1,0)
Y P(l,l>
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Array Parameters, Close.

J_P Y_P .
:
!
*DO,I,2,N STEP+1,1
J_P(I,0)
J_P(I,1)
Y_P(I,0)
Y P(I,1)
*ENDDO
PR_1(I
JI_1(I
PR_ 1 (I
UY 1 (I
1)
1)
1)
1)
! J
nY P
!

A rray: Y - f ( R o w (C o l u m n , P l a n e )
203
. 3.25. Y_P
, J_P J -
( J I _ 1, )
(
),
, Y_P
( UY_1)
( ).
. . 3.24 3.25.
J -
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Graphs > Modify Curve ...
J LABEL for curve [/GCOLUMN] Specify
string label Curve Modifications for Graph Piots;
(. 3.26)
204
. 3.26.
:
/GCOLUMN,1,J
- :
Utility Menu > Plot > Array Parameters ...
Graph Array Parameters Par X X-axis array
parameter J_P ( 1 , 0 ) ( );
Par Y Y-axis array parameter J_P (1 ,1) (
-); (. 3.27).
. 3.28.
:
*VPLOT, JJ>(1,0),J_P(1,1)

:
Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Style > Graphs > Modify Curve ... >
205
%4\ ' .
. 3.27.
LABEL for curve > U_Y > .
Utility Menu > Plot > Array Parameters ... >

Par X X-axis array parameter > y _ p ( 1 , 1 ) >
Par Y Y-axis array parameter > y _ p ( 1 , 0 ) > OK.
. 3.29.
:
/GCOLUMN,1,UY
*VPLOT,Y_P (1,1) ,Y_P (1,0) ..
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB
:
SAVE
*,%%%
206
JUL
3 2006
1 8 :2 9 :3 3
<10** 4)
2500
23SO
L50C
VALUE
1CC0
(xlO **6)
1000
M o d e l 11
. 3.28. J- :
, ;
J- J, 1
Y_? 1 , 0 )
J J L
UY
3 20 0 6
1 8 : $E t 26
(xlO* 6)
.2
1. 4
i.9
Y P (l,l)
Kcdel 11
. 3.29.
:
, ;
,
207
30. ANSY S.
S 1 2.
QUIT ANSYS
Toolbar:
Toolbar > Q U IT >
Quit - No Save! > OK.

:
/EXIT,NOSAVE
2. .
. 2.108.
: = 869 .
- . 2.109.
2.
. 3.30. ():
= 326 ; = 434 ; = 543
. 3.31. ():
= 326 : = 434 ; = 543
208
. 3 .3 0 ...3 .3 2 .
PC Intel Pentium 64 / 3,2 GHz /4 Gb
~52 .

= 869 . 3.33.

. 3.34.
J - . 3 .3 5 ...3 .3 7 .
111
. 3.32. :
= 326 ; = 434 ; = 543
AN8Y8 1 0 . 0
DEC
9 2005
1 :0 8 :1 6
NODAL 8 0 L U T I 0 N
8TRP*25
SUB 3
T IM E * 2 5
8BQV
(AVG)
EFACBT=1
AVRE8=Kat
DMX - . 0 1 9 7 6 8
SUN = . 3 2 1 E + 0 8
SMX = . 5 0 1 + 1 0
ZV
=1
* D IS T = .045883
*XF
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*YF
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CAPPED Z -B U FFE R
A
3Q9E+09
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H
418E+10
I
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. 3.33. ()
209
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9 2005
1 8 i 1 2 :5 8
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DEC
9 2005
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2800
2400
J/N -1
20
1600.
<10*)
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100
400
300
1000
500
8 tres3 f
700
900
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FRACTURE
. 3.35. - :
, ;
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ANSYS
DEC
9 2G05
18:04:52
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DEC
9 2005
16:05:25
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. 3.39. ():
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. 3.40. :
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'1
212
*
- 36,1 . 3.41.

. 3.42.
- . 3.43...3.45.
ANSYS
DBC 9 2005
1 8 :1 9 :5 9
NODAL SOLUTION
81IP -2 5
SUB - 1
TIME-25
81QV
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213
ANSYS
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1200
400
2000
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9 2005
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2.8
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. 3.45. J-
: , ;
J- J, "1
4. .
. 2.120.
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202,7 . 3.49.
. 3.50.
J - . 3.51...3,53.
. 3.46. ():
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215
. 3.47. ():
= 76,0 ; = 101,4 ; = 126,7
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.(Mil
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. 3.48. :
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DEC 9 2005
18:26:20
NODAL SOLUTION
8TE 25
SUB =2
TIME=2S
SEQV
(AVG)
PowerGraphics
EFACET=1
AVRE S=Mat
DMX = . 0 3 2 7 6 1
SMN = . 3 2 3 E + 0 7
* . 501E+1 0
2V
=1
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038053
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XF
=.028877
*YF
*ZF
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CAPPED Z- BUFF1
A
= . 281E+09
= . 838E+09
= . 139E+10
= . 195E+1D
D
= . 2 5 1 E + 10
E
F
= . 306E+1D
= . 362+1
G
. 418E+10
H
= . 473E+10
I
FRACTURE
. 3.49. ()
216
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1250
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- 60,33 . 3.57.

. 3.58.
J- . 3.59. ..3.61.
Vi-;
*;:*
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. 3.54. ():
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: (
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= 22,63 ; = 30,17 ; = 37,71
. 3.56. :
22,63 ; - = 30,17 ; = 37,71
219
DEC 9 2005
18:44:40
NODAL SOLUTION
STE P=25
SUB =2
TIME=25
SEQV
(AVG)
PowerGraphics
EFACET=1
AVRES=Mat
DMX =.024624
SMN -.S2BE+07
SMX = .501+
ZV =1
*DI3T=.012126
*XF =.744372
*YP
=.009611
*ZF =.125974
CAPPED 2-BUFFER
=.2B3E+09
A
E
=.839 +09
=.140E+10
.195E+10
D
=.251E+10
E
F
= . 306E+10
=.362E+10
G
= . 418E+10
H
=
.473+
I
. 3-57. ()
ANSYS
DBC
=25
9 2005
1 8 :4 2 :2 8
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1 = 25
PATH PLOT
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S IG _ 2
SIG _3
1* '
6 0 4 5 .1 3 7 .
6)
5489.723.
4934.310.
4 3 7 6 . e97.
3 8 2 3 .4 8 4 .
3 2 6 8 .07L
2 7 1 2 . 6S0.
2 1 5 7 .2 1 5 .
1601.032.
1 0 4 6 .4 1 9 .
191.006
0
.02
.01
.04
.03
.06
.05
D IST
.00
.07
.1
.09
FRACTURE
. 3.58. ()
:
sig_ 1, sig_2, sig_3 ,
220
. 3.59. J- :
, ;
J-eIpa J, - 1
. 3.60. :
, ;
,
221
. 3.61. J-
:
, ;
J- J, -1
6. - .
. 2.132.
: - 54,3 .
- . 2.133.
6 .
. 3 .6 2 ...3 .6 4 .
PC Intel Pentium 64 / 3,2 GHz /4 Gb ~205 .
. 3.62. ():
= 20,36 ; = 27,15 ; = 33,94
222

= 54,3 . 3.65.

. 3.66.
J - . 3 .6 7 ...3 .6 9 .
. 3.63. ():
/> = 20,36 ; = 27,15 ; = 33,94
. 3.64. :
= 20,36 ; = 27,15 ; = 33,94
7. .
. 2.138.
: = 941,2
= 738,8 .
- . 2.139.
, 7 2.
7.
. 3.70...3.72.
PC Intel Pentium 64 / 3,2 GHz /4 Gb -2 7 .

. 3.73,

. 3.74.
J- . 3.75...3.77.
223
ANSYS 10.0
DEC 9 2005
18:49:15
NODAL SOLUTION
STE P=25
SUB =1
T1MK-25
SEQV
(AVG)
PowerGraphics
EFACET=1
AVRES*Mat
DMX =.026389
SMN =702873
SMX = .320E+1D
2V =1
*DIST=.013762
*XF =1.375
*YF =.008419
*ZF = .125
CAPPED Z-EUFF1
A
= .179F + 09
=.534E+09
=.890E+09
D
=.125E+10
E
=-160E+10
F
=.196E+10
G
=.231E+10
H
267E+10
=.302E+10
I
. 3.65. ()
AIMSYS
POSTl
DEC
=25
3US =1
1=25
PATH PLOT
3IG _1
3IG _2
9 2005
1 8 :4 7 :1 8
(xiD"6)
4154.
31G 3
3176.
2524.
2
1672
1546
1220.
894.733
.0 4
.0 5
D IS T
FRACTURE
. 3.66.
( )
sig _ l, sig_2, sig_3 ,
224
. 3.67. J- ;
, ;
- , - 1
. 3.68. :
, ;
,
225
ANSYS
DEC
J N -1
9 2005
1 8 :4 6 :5 1
|
3200
2500
100
(
**-2)
2
.2
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1 .4
1.8
Displacement/ m
FRACTURE
. 3.69. J - :
, ; - , -~'
. 3.70. ():
= 533 ; - 710,6 ; = 888,3
6
. 3.71. ():
= 533 ; <7= 710,6 ; = 888,3
226
. ooim
. 3.72. :
= 533 ; <= 710,6 ; <= 888,3
ANSYS
DEC 9 2005
19:11:56
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=25
SUB =2
TIME=25
SEQV
(AVG)
P ow erG raphica
EPACET=1
AVRES*Mat
DMX =.073979
8MN *.358E+09
SMX =.49SE+10
ZV =1
*DIST-.149176
*XF = .62914
*YF =.104005
CAPPED 2-BUFF
A
=.614E+09
=.112E+10
=.164E+10
D
*=.215E+10
*=.266E+10
E
=.317E+10
F
=.368E+10
G
H
=.419E+10
=.470E+10
I
FRACTURE
. 3.73. ()
8. .
. 2.144.
: = 810 .
- . 2.145.
8.
. 3 .7 8 ...3 .8 0 .
./- . 3.81 3.82.
PC Intel Pentium 64 / 3,2 GHz /4 Gb -21 .
227
ANSYS
DEC
= 20
8 UB * 3
T IM B -2 0
PATH PLOT
SIG_i
8XG_2
9 2005
1 9 :1 0 :0 8
(xl0**6)
5233
aiG ~ 3
JfN m-1
3167
2753
1513
1 X 0 0 .7 3 2
0
.0 1
.0 3
.0 5
.0 7
Displacement, m
FRACTURE
. 3.74. ()
( ):
s i g l , sig_2, sig_3 ,
. 3.75. - :
, ; - , -1
228
_
DEC
stress,
9 2005
1 9 :0 8 :1 4
Pa
(x lD * * -2 )
2.1
D ia p la c e m e n t,
FRACTURE
. 3.76. :
, ;
,
A N SY S
DEC
9 200S
1 9 :0 8 :4 1
J , N -1
( *-2)
8
FRACTURE
. 3.77. ./- :
, ; /- J, 1
. ;>*-
. 3.78. ():
= 380,1 ; = 506,8 ; = 633,5
. 3.79. ():
= 380,1 ; = 506,8 ; = 633,5
. 3.80. :
= 380,1 ; = 506,8 ; = 633,5
229
230
ANSYS
J
(x lO * l)
5 0 0 0 -.____
4500.
1 00 0 .
3000.
VALUE
2500.
200U
1500
1000
<X10*5)
1600
600
3200
2400
4800
4000
jrra# oj
6400
5600
6000
7200
. 3.81. /-
ANSYS
V _ P < 1 ,1)
LTV
( x lO * * - 4 )
Y_P(1, 0)
. 3.82.
9. .
. 2.149.
: a = 810 .
- . 2.150.
9.
. 3 .8 3 ...3 .8 5 .
/- . 3.86 3.87.
PC Intel Pentium 64 / GHz /4 Gb ~117 .
231
. 3.83. ():
= 152,0 ; = 202,7 ; - 253,4
.....
. 3.84. ():
152,0 ; = 202,7 ; = 253,4
. 3.85. :
= 152,0 ; = 202,7 ; = 253,4
232
ANSYS
J_p(l, 0)
. 3,86. J -
ANSYS
Y_P(1,1)
UY
( 10* * -4 J
*_(1, 0)
. 3.87.
.-
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10. J - .
1.
: = 543 .
- 1.

. 3.88.
233
ANSYS
JU1 2 9 2004
0 9 :5 1 :0 6
.1 0 2 +09
623-9
.362-9
.232+09
, 4 9 3 +09
. 884+09
.754+09
1110
114+10
. 128+
FRACTURE
. 3.88. ()
3.3

J , - 1
121,05
= 0,125-/
121,07
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z = 0375/
121,05
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121,71
: t ; z XY
.
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.
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V
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(. . 2.126).
234
ANSYS
JA(1,1>
J
(xlO**3>
J-intgral
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. 3.89. J -
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. 3.3; J_2
3^

j

|
,
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J -
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,
1
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23,85
252,0
2,170
25,83
33,73
505,4
3,077
52,07.
41,31
764,5
3,789
78,77
47,70
1027,6
4,399
105,94
53,30
1292,9
4,973
133,59
|
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.
58,42
1558,2
5,452
161,80
63,10
1824,8
5,949
190,54
67,50
2092,0
6,373
219,83
10
71,55
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6,805
249,71
11
75,42
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289,04
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235
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5 (
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( ) .
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. 3.93;
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239
. 3.93.

3.6

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6,0
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55,07
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L
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m 0,0765 -"1.

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241
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243
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TGX_1
X -
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* D O ,I ,1 , 8 ,1
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TGX 1(1,1) = ENEXTN(n cr,I)
1- TGX_1
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TGX 1 (1,2) = (tb-ta)//log(r2/rl) ! 2-
TGX_1

ENDDO

. ENEXTN ( n c r , I )
( I -) , _.

,
.
,
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:
CSYS,12
RSYS,12
ETABLE,TGX,TG,X
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CSYS,11
n_cr = N O D E (0.0,0.0,0.0)
CSYS,12
*DO,I,1,16,1
TGX_1(1,1) = ENEXTN(n_cr,I)
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,
(. 2.1)

X -
( TGX)
TGX_1
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(. 2.1)
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1- TGX__1
,

244

X -
( _)
2- TGX_1

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T G X _ 1 (1,2)
*ENDDO

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2.
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3. j i n _ f 1 1. *
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ETABLE,SENE,SENE
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SEXP,W,SENE,VOLU,1,-1
PATH,JINT_F,9,,48
PPATH,1,ARG1
PPATH,2,ARG2 '
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
PPATH,5,ARG5
PPATH,6,ARG6
PPATH,7,ARG7
PPATH,8,ARG8
PPATH,9,ARG9

( SENE)

( VOLU)

W SENE/VOLU ( W)
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9

(
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PDEF, W,ETAB,W
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PDEF,INTR,SX,SX
PDEF,INTR, SY,SY
PDEF,INTR,SXY,SXY
PCALC,MULT,TX,SX,NX
PCALC,MULT,Cl,SXY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TX,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,TY,SXY,NX
PCALC,MULT, 1,SY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TY,,Cl
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DX = DX/100
DXG * DX*COS(alpha)
DYG * DX*SIN(alpha)
PDEF/rfENTR,UXl,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
PCALC, ADD, XG, XG, , ,, DXG
PCALC, ADD, YG, YG/,,, DYG
PDEF,INTR,UX2,UX
PDEF,INTR, UY2/UY
245

- ( WNX)
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S

JA
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X-DXG/2 X+DXG/2 (
X)
Y-DYG/2 Y+DYG/2 (
Y)
UX
X+DX/2
UY
X+DX/2

246
= 1/DX
PCALC,ADD,Cl,UX2,UX1,,-
PCALC,ADD,C2,UY2,UY1,,-
PCALC,MULT,1,TX, 1
PCALC,MULT,C2,TY,C2
PCALC,ADD,C1,C1,C2
PCALC,INTG,J,Cl,S
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JINT = 2*(JA-JB)
DUX/DX
DUY/DX
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UX:
U Y :

+ TY*DUY/DX)

JINT ( S)

JB
( JINT)

JXNT ^
(
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(4.1):
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,
sum =
-
( SX)
Y-
ETABLE,SY,S,Y
( SY)
Z-
ETABLE,SZ,S,Z
( SZ)
,
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n_r = TGX__1 (1,1)

*GET, sxr,ELEM, n__r,ETAB,SX
sxr, syr, szr
*GET,syr,ELEM,n_r,ETAB, SY
_
*GET,szr,ELEM,n_r,ETAB,SZ
-
tgr = TGX_1(1,2)

- s i n (90/8)*cos (90/8)*delr**2
()

sum * sum + alfa*(sxr + syr + szr)*tgr*arr
(4.1)

ENDDO
ETABLE,SX,S,X
JINTT = JINT + 2*sum
J-
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247
4.2.
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3
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, 2.

.
[26] 38 4543-71:!
= 210 ;
v - 0,3;
= 7900 /3;
X = 34 /( .);
= 13,5 106-1/.;
- 496 /(-.).

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1
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8411;
2714;
0,2. . 0,6 .
248
4.1

1
2
3
Model
Model
Model
Model
10.inp, jin ft l.mac

12.inp, jin ft.mac
13.inp, jin ft.mac
2 3 . inp, j f l.mac
:
15, 12, 13, 14.
:
d\ = 4 ;
d2 6 ;
/
/ = 0 ,2 ... 0,6 .
. 4.1.
. 4.2. -
-
. 4.3...4.6.

. 4.2.
. 4.6.
15.

. .
.

1.
ANSYS:
.
S .
Start > Program s > ANSYS 9.0 > ANSYS Product L auncher
249
4.2
(.
0,2
0,4
0,5

\, -/

147,3
213,0
267,8
-
1,063
1,081
0,986
138,5
197,0
271,5
AISISY*
NODAL SOLUTION
HAY 1 8 2 0 0 6
2 2:39:23
22=1
BUB = 1
1 =1
U3UM
(AVG)
R 3Y 8=0
DMX = . 0 0 2 8 8
3MN = . 0 0 1 4 1 3
SMX = . 0 0 2 8 8
;
.0 0 1 4 1 3 '
.0 0 1 7 3 9
.0 0 1 5 7 6
-------------------------------------------------------------------
.002 0 6 5
.0 0 1 9 0 2
.002 3 9 1
.002228
.002717
.002554
.0 0 2 8 8
. 4.3. () ( 0,2 )
File Management
Working Directory Job Name: M o d e l_ 1 0 .
Run.
2. .
S .
Utility M enu > File > Change Title ...

M odel 10 [/TITLE] Enter new title Change Title
.
:
/TITLE,Model
10
s u b =1 #
ANSYS
*1 *|j|
3 E0V
DM* .002
8M
N*5073171
S 20 06
22:40;38
= 1 4 * 8 + 1
tfwSSS-
162JB+09 -+09
486+09 11<10+9'
+ 10+ 1468+10
--------
) (
1 0,2 )
NODAL S O L U T I O N
STBP*=i
SUB=1
riMe=i
(AV
RSV3=0
*.00288
N
"---
ffM
x loo
, r c ) ( 1)
AWSY5
251
KI, MPa
length crack,
. 4.6.
() ()
3. .
S .
Utility Menu > P aram eters > A ngular Units

Degrees DEG [*AFUN] Units for angular - parametric
functions Angular Units for Parametric Functions .
:
*AFUN,DEG
4. .
S .
:
j
bic - 1.0
rl
= 2 . 0*bic
r2 = rl + bic
lie = 0.2*bic
!
ric = Q.10*lic
aic = 8*ric

()
()
()
()

()

()
252
xl
2
4
5
! ()
r2
+
+
lie
aic/2
ric
ric
aic/2
A T A N (ric/)
A T A N (aic/2/)
90
180
alpha = 0
nic = 4
! ATAN(x)
!

( ,
J-; )
!
! 1, 15, 24, 33
nl = N I N T ((xl-xO)/ric/2)
n2 = N I N T ( (6-5)/ric/2)
! 6, 18, 27, 36
= N I N T (1*2*3.14*(2)/ric/4/) !
! 19...23 28...32
eic = 2.10511
nuic = 0.3
alfa 13.5-6

()

(1/.)
-
5. , 2.1.
S .
X
,

. 2.1 ( 12); ,

( 11). ,
11, 0...10
ANSYS .
Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Local Coordinate Systems >
Create Local CS > At Specified Loc
(
, )
Create CS at Location (. 4.7).
Create Local CS at Specified Location (. 4.8):
KCN Ref number of new coord sys: 11 (
CK);
KCS Type of coordinate system: Cylindrical 1 (
);
253
XC.YC.ZC Origin of coord

system: , , (
);
THXY Rotation about local Z:
( Z);
THYZ Rotation about local X:
( X);
THZX Rotation about local Y:
180 ( );

Apply,
Create Local CS at Specified Location.

11
.
Cre
ate Local CS at Specified Location:
KCN Ref number of new co
ord sys: 12 (
);
KCS Type of coordinate sys
tem: Cartesian 0 (
);
. 4.7. Create CS
XCtYCtZC Origin of coord
as Location
system: , 0, 0 (
);
THXY Rotation about local Z: 0 ( Z);
THYZ Rotation about local X: 0 ( X);
THZX Rotation about local Y: 18 0 ( Y);
V1
___
.
12
, . 2.1.
:
LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,180.0
LOCAL,12,0,,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,180.0
6. .
/ .
Main Menu > Preprocessor
:
/PREP7
254
. 4.8. Create Local CS at Specified Location

7. .
/
.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element > Add/Edit/Delete
Element Types Add.

Library of Element Types Struc
tural Solid, 8node 183 ( ); *
, 1 ( Element type reference
number) .
Element Types
1 PLANE 183 Options...
PLANE183 element type options Plane strain
Element behavior ( );
.
Element Types Close.
:
,1,PLANE183,,,2
()
8.

.
S
, .
255
- (
) .
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models
Define Material Model Behavior Struc
tural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic.
Number 1 :
i ( ),
n u ic PRXY ( ).
Define Material Model Behavior
Structural > Thermal Expansion > Secant Coefficient > Isotropic (. 4.9).
Thermal Expansion Secant Coefficient for Material
Number 1 (. 4.10) :
a l f ALPX ( ),
:
MP,EX,l,eic
MP,PRXY,1,nuic
MP,ALPX,1,alfa
! MP,NUXY,1,nuic

9. .
S
.
:
Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cylindrical
:
CSYS,1
1...7 (,
X , ):
In Active CS
Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System
NPT Keypoint number X fY,Z Location in Active CS
, Apply:
NPT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
xl
2
4
5
256
. 4.9.
Ihnm.tl I St'i-dMt
for
Secant Coefficient for Mats
. 4.10.
4 {, }
i
:
,1,0,0
,2,1,0
, 3,2,
,4,,
, 5, 4,
,,5,0
, 7, ,
1
!
1
2
3
4 ( )
5
Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cartesiati
:
CSYS,0
257
8 :
In Active CS
NPT Keypoint number X,Y,Z Location in Active CS
:
NPT
ric
:
,8,x3,ric
! 8
Utffity Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cylindrical
:
CSYS,1
9...23 :
In Active CS
NPT Keypoint number X,Y,Z Location in Active CS
:
NPT
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
xl
xl
xl
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
4
:
, 9,0,2
,10,1,2,
,11,,2,
/12/5 / 2 f
, 13,,2,
, 14,,,
, 15,1,,
, 16,,,
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
9
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
258
,17,5,,
,18,6,,
,19,0,4,
,20,1,4,
,21,,4,
,22,5,4,
,23,6,4,
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
. 4.11...4.13.

10. .
S
;
.
In Active Coord
,
( ):

L1
L2
L3
4
5
6
5
6
7
L4
L5
L6
L4, L5, L6 .

( 4)
( L 7 ) 3 8 :
By End KPs & Rad
3, 8 > Apply > 4 () >
Apply > RAD = r i c > .
4 8 L8:
In Active Coord

L8
( L9) 8 5:
259
By End KPs & Rad
8, 5 > Apply > 4 () > Apply >
RAD = r i c > .
.
, ,
, . ,
.
In Active Coord

1
2
8
6
7
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
9
10
11
12
13
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
20
21
22
23
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
1 ' '
L28
L29
L30
L31
L32
L33
L34
L35
L36
.
,
,
KeyP No. Lines in Active Coord
, , , ( , ).
( . 11).
1
'
260
. 4.14...4.19
ANSYSI
1
POIJTC3
SIP 10 2006
TTPI
12:28:52
Model 10
. 4.11. , ( )
ANSVSI
"
23 21212
Rod1^10
. 4.12. ,
lt:$l:ZS
FOtrfri
261
ANSYS
I.: '
90 VO*
ai
10 2006
J.
*
2.
34
04*1X 0
. 4.13. ,
. 4.14. , ( )
262
. 4.15. ,
. 4.16. ,
ANSYS
S IP 10 2 0 0 *
3 7 :1 7
Hod*1J L 10
. 4.17. ,
. 4.18. ,
264
. 4.19. , ( 4
; L4, L5, L6 )
11. .
I
S *
.
MeshTool:

*
, :

Element sizes on picked lines :
NDIV No. of element divisions
SPACE Spacing ratio. ,
.
, L3, L4 L8, , ,
KSCON.

L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
nl
4
-
4
2
n ic
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
L21
L22
L23
L24
L25
L26
L27
L28
L29
L30
L31
L32
L33
L34
L35
L36
n ic
2
2
4
2
2
nl
2
2
n2
n3
nl
2
2
2
nl
2
2
2
265
1 /2 .5
-
2 .5
-
2 .5
266
. 4.20.. .4.22.
7W5YS1
LINES
SEP 12 2006
00:50:21
TYPE NUM
s ' */'
/
/
/ / / / /
/
/ / /
/ '/
' / '7
/ / >
' t!
////
/ *f i
J i t
t ft i
/ !M
1-11.1 ___
*
Y
__x
Model 10
. 4.20. ,
7WBYS1
dlNES
SEP 12 2006
00:57:07
T^jPE N U M
\
\
'/
\
\
____
. - J __________
Model 10
. 4.21. ,
267
ANSYS
LINES
SEP 12 2006
0 0 :5 7 :4 0
TYPE NUM
\
\
Model 10
. 4.22. ,
(.
):
L,1, 2 ,nl
L,2,3,4,1/2.5
L,3,4
L, 4, 5
L,5,6,4,2.5
L, 6, 7,n2
LARC,3,8,4,ric
LESIZE,7,,,nic
L, 4, 8
LARC,8,5,4,ric
LESIZE,9,,,nic
L, 1/ 9,2
L,2,10,2
L f8,11,4,2,5
L, 6,12, 2
L , I f 13,2
L, 9,10,nl
L, 10,11,2
L, 11,12,2
L, 12,13,n2
L, 9,14,n3
L, 10,15,n3
L, 11,16,n3
L, 12,17,n3
L, 13,18,n3
L, 14,15,nl
L,15,16,2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 ( )
...
8
9 ( )
...
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
268
L , 16,17,2
L , 17,18,2
L, 1 4 , 19,
L , 15,20,
L, 16,21,
L, 17, 22,
L , 18,23,
L , 19,20,nl
L, 20, 21,2
L , 21,22,2
L , 22,2 3,2
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

12. .
S .
.
Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > C reate > Areas >
A rbitrary > By Lines
, (
):
L1
L11
L15
L10
L2
L7
L12
L16
L11
L3
L8
L7
L4
L9
L8
L5
L13
L17
L12
L9
L6
L14
L18
L13
L15
L20
L24
L19
L16
L21
L25
L20
L17
L22
L26
L21
L18
L23
L27
L22
10
L24
L2 9
L33
L28
L25
L30
L34
L2 9
12
L2 6
L31
L35
L30
13
L27
L32
L36
L31
14
, 4
, ; 2
5 ,
(Mapped) .
. 4.23...4.24.
269
ANSYS
1
AREAS
SEP 12 2006
02:36:28
AREA NUM
M o d e 1 10
. 4.23. ,
AFKYS
SEP 12 2006
02:37:09
f# V \ '
*.
.* fcfc V*.*.*<*
'/.
'
:
^>-Vy.:34.*
'x :>; & *<(
&
V JftV
. > -. ' '
'
; *
$? . 2 :jr v * -
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V X.;&
;..
. . . .
ty
Model 10
. 4.24. ,
270
AL,1,11,15,10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL,3,8,7
AL,4,9,8
AL,5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
AL,15,20,24,19
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
AL,18,23,27,22
AL,24,29,33,28
AL,25,30,34,29
AL,26,31,35,30
AL,27,32,36,31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
.
:
Toolbar > SAVEJDB

:
SAVE

13. .
S .
( )
.
Pick ; Area Attributes , |
1 PLANE183 TYPE Element type number,
.
i '
f
'
:
TYPE,1
MAT, X
14. .
S .
d e l r , }!
:
delr - ric/4
271
4 (
); Concentration Keypoint ,
NPT Keypoint for concentration (4);
DELR Radius of 1st row of elems d e l r ; RRAT
Radius ratio (2nd row/1 st) ; NTHET No of elems
around circumf n ic ; KCTIP midside node position
Skewed 1/4pt, .
4 :
,
1/4 .
:
KSCON,4,delr,1,nic
15. ( , 4).
S .

( ) .
:
. 1
MSHAPE,0,2D
MSHKEY,0
16. 4
( ).
S .
:
4, .

, Close.
. 4.25.
:
AMESH,3,4,1
17.
2 5.
S .

.
272
. 4.25. -
:
MSHKEY,1

2 5 :
2 ( ) > >
8 , 11, 2 , 3 ( 10 ,
L16 L11).
5 ( ) >
> 5, 6 , 11,8 ( 12 ,
L13 L17).
. 4.26.
:
, 2,8,11,2,3
, 5, 5, 6,11,8
18. (1 6 - 1 4).
S
.

1 6-14:
MeshTool > 3 or 4 sided > Mesh
: 1 6- 14 > .
MeshTool, Close.
273
. 4.26. -
1ELEM ENTS
ANSYSI
SEP I S 2 0 0 6
02:08:21
Model 10
. 4.27. - ,
. 4.27...4.28.
:
A M E S H , 1,6,5
A M E S H , 7,10,1
A M E S H , 11,14,1
274
ANSYS
M o d e l 10
. 4.28. - ,
- .

.
:
Toolbar > SA V ED B
:
SAVE
19. .
S
.
:
Utility Menu > W orkPlane > Change Active CS to >
Global C artesian
:
CSYS,0
XZ ( = 0):
ELEMENTS
275
ANSYS
SEP 1 7 2 0 0 6
15:22:18
K o d e l 10
. 4.29. ,
(
, ), . .
, X [-, xJ]:
- , > Reselect > .
:
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0
N S E L , R , L O C , X,-,
Y (. .
XZ)\
Main M enu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply >
Structural > Displacem ent > On Nodes
be constrained UY, VALUE Displacement value 0 ;
.
:
D , AL L , U Y , 0
. 4.29...4.30.
X
.
276
7\NSYS|
. 4.30. ,
XZ = -
( ):
Utility M enu > Select > Entities ...
- > Reselect > OK.
X:
be constrained UX (,
), VALUE Displacement value 0 ;
,
:
NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0
NSEL, R, L O C, X,-
D , AL L , U X , 0
:
20. .
S .
277

(4.2) , .
,
, .
( n o d e l )
ANSYS:
Utility M enu > P aram eters > G et Scalar Data ...
Get Scalar Data Model Data,
For selected set, .
Get Data for Selected Entity Set
n o d e 1 Name of parameter to be defined,
Current node set, Highest node num,
.
n o d e l
.
:
* G E T , n o d e _ l ,N O D E , ,NUM,MAX
. :
Utility M enu > List > Nodes

(
(4.2) ):
Utility M enu > W orkPlane > Change Active CS to >
Global Cylindrical
:
CSYS,1
.
:
ta = 100
tb = 0
! , .
! , .
*DO, i, 1, node_l, 1
xr = NX(i)
! -
!
tr = t a + ( t b - t a ) * L O G (/ r l ) / L O G ( r 2 / r l )
()
(4.2)
BF^fTEMP/tr
! tr i
*ENDDO
. .
278
m sY s
ELEMENTS
SEP 2 3 2 0 0 6
04:45:35
U
TEMPERATURES
TMIN*-. 319E-08
AX * 100
-'.v.-
- . ) i -
V**
.
11.
44.441
33.333
.55.456
>7.77
.69
1DO
Kcdel 10
. 4.31.
t a tb
.
* DO i,
1 n o d e l . *DO

.
N X ( i ) Jf- (i-ro )
; , ^-
, .
i
(4.2) t r .

i :
Structural > Tem perature > On Nodes
* E N D D O
. .
. 4.31.

.
,
,
.
279
:
Toolbar > SA V ED B
:
SAVE
21. .
S .
M ain Menu > Solution

:
SOLVE
22. .
S 2.
.
:
Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type > New Analysis
New Analysis , Static,

.
:
ANTYPE,STATIC
SPARSE .
SPARSE :
Solution Controls Sol'n Options,

Equation Solvers Sparse direct,
.
:
EQSLV,SPARSE
:
Toolbar > SAVE DB
:
SAVE
23. .
S 2.
:
Main Menu > Solution > Solve > C u rren t LS
/STATUS Command .
Solve Current Load Step.
280
Verify !
, Yes.
ANSYS .
- Solution is done!, Cios|
:
SOLVE
.

M o d e l _ _ 1 0 . r s t , \
( ).
()
24.

.
S .
:
*DIM,TGX 1,,8,2
CSYS,11
n_ = N O D E (0.0,0.0,0,0)
TGX_1
-
,

,

TGX_1(I,1) = ENEXTN(n_cr,I)
1- TGX_1
,

TGX_1(I,2) - (tb-ta)//log (r2/rl) ! 2-
TGX_1

ENDDO
!
*D O , 1 , 1 , 8 , 1
. .
TGX__1 (8 , 2 );
, *
^- .
:

A dd...>
Par Parameter name = tgx _ i
Type Parameter type - T a b le
l,J,K No. of rows;cols,planes =^'8 2 1
OK
11:
281
Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to >

Specified Coord Sys
KCN Coordinate system number = 11
OK
NODE ( 0 , 0 , 0 )
{ 0 ,0 ,0 } ( 11)
.
* DO ,
, I, 1 8
1 . .
ENEXTN ( n _ c r , I ) ( I -)
, _;
TGX_1.
-
TGX_1.
:
(Tb~Ta) 1
8 T x dT : ( % - . )
= (T68x dx
ln 2
x x = x3
(4.3)
7-
-
( ,
87,91...88,25 ./),
, .
*ENDDO
. .
25. .
S .
:
/POSTl
26. .
S 2.
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Read Results > Last Set
:
SET,LAST
282
:
Utility Menu > WorkPIane > Change Active CS to > Global Cartesian
:
CSYS,0
:
Main Menu > General Postproc > Options for Outp
[RSYS] Results coord system = Global Cartesian > OK
:
RSYS,0
.
12,
. 2.1. (
)
.
:
Nodal Solu
Nodal Solution > DOF Solution > Displacement vector sum >
OK
:
PLNSOL,U,SUM
:
Nodal Solu
Nodal Solution > Stress > von Mises stress > OK
:
PLNSOL,S,EQV
27. .
S 2 #
J-.

( n i, n j nk):
ni * n o d e (,0/0)
nj = node<x4,0,0)
nk = node(x5,0,0)
ni I

J,

,

283
ki, 3
n i, n j nk:
By Nodes
List of Items n i > Enter; n j > Enter; nk > En
ter > OK >
Name Define Path Name k i;

nDiv Number of divisions 48 > .
:
PATH,ki,3,,48
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk

( 2):
KPLAN Disp extrapolat based on Plane strain;
MAT Material num for extrap 1;
KCSYM Model type Half - symm b.c. > OK.
:
KCALC,0,1,0

KCALC Command. } = 0 . 1 4 7 2 9 + 0 9 .
****
KI =
0.14729+09,
KII =
0.0000
KIII =
0.0000
****

KII, KI2, KI3 ( 2):
Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Data ... >
Results Data > Other operations > OK >
Name of parameter to be defined K il >

Strs intens fact > KI > Apply >
KI2 > Strs intens fact > KII > Apply >
K I3 > Strs intens fact > Kill > OK.
:
*GET,KII, KCALC,,K,1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,K, 2
*GET,KI3,KCALC, /K, 3
/- j i n _ f t _ l .mac.
.
284
t! ! I !!!!!!!!!t!!I!!!!j jI!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I I
J-
, '
( ARG1 - ARG9)
-Y ( ).
J-
JINTT.
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I I 1
I I II I I 1 I
ETABLE,SENE,SENE
ETABLE,VOLU,VOLU
PATH,JINT_F,9,, 48
PPATH,1,ARG1
PPATH,2,ARG2
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
PPATH,5,ARG5
PPATH,6,ARG 6
PPATH,7,ARG7
PPATH,8,ARG8
PPATH,9,ARG9
PDEF,W,ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
PCALC,MULT,WNX,W ,NX
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX,S
PDEF,INTR,SX,SX
PDEF,INTR,SY, SY
PDEF,INTR,SXY,SXY
PCALC,MULT,TX,SX,NX
PCALC,MULT, 1,SXY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TX,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,TY ,SXY, NX
PCALC,MULT,Cl,SY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TY,TY, Cl
*GET,DX,PATH,,LAST,S
DX = DX/100
II I II I I I I I I II
t t II I I
1 1 II I I

( , SENE)

( VOLU)

W = SENE/VOLU ( W)
JINT__F,
9

(
ARG1 - ARG9)

X- ( WNX)
WNX
S

JA
( JINT)

SX '

SY

SXY

X
TX - SX*NX + SXY*NY ( )

Y
TY * SXY*NX + SY*NY ( TY)

X
1%

DXG = DX*COS(alpha)
DYG * DX*SIN(alpha)
PDEF,INTR,UXl,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
PCALC,ADD,YG,YG,,,,DYG
PDEF,INTR,UX2,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
= 1/DX
PCALC ,ADD,Cl ,UX2 ,UXl ,, -C
PCALC ,ADD,C2 ,UY2 ,UY1 ,, -C
PCALC, MULT, Cl,TX, Cl
PCALC,MULT,C2,TY,C2
PCALC,ADD,Cl,Cl,C2
PCALC,INTG,J,Cl,S
JINT * 2*(JA-JB)
DUX/DX
DUY/DX
(TX*DUX/DX
UX:
UY:

+ TY*DUY/DX)

JINT ( S)

JB
( JINT)

JINT
(
)
sum
ETABLE,SX,S,X
-
( SX)
Y-
( SY)
Z-
( SZ)
,

ETABLE,SZ,S,Z
*D0,I,1,8,1
r
n_r '* TGX_1(I,1)

*GET,sxr,ELEM,n r,ETAB,SX

X

Y
X X-DXG/2 (
X)
Y Y-DYG/2 (
Y)
UX
X-DX/2
UY
X-DX/2
X-DXG/2 X+DXG/2 (
X)
Y-DYG/2 Y+DYG/2 (
Y)
UX
X+DX/2
UY
X+DX/2

(4.1) :
, ,
,
ETABLE,SY,S,Y
285
286
*GET,syr,ELEM,n_r,ETAB,SY ! sxr, syr, szr

*GET,szr,ELEM,n_r,ETAB,SZ ! n_r
tgr = TGX_1(I,2)
! -
! _
arr * s i n (90/8)*cos(90/8)*delr**2
!
! ()
sum = sum + alfa*(sxr + syr + szr)*tgr*arr !
! (4.1)
*ENDDO
!
! J-
PDEF,CLEAR

, ( n j 1 - n j 9):
njl
nj2
n j3
n j4
nj 5
nj 6
nj7
n j8
nj9
s=
ss
s
s
s
=
=
10
29
30
31
14
89
90
91
74
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
8-
9-
*
, . ,
,
.
, .
.
. 4.32.
J - .
j i n _ f t _ l
, :
j in_ft_l,njl,nj2,nj3,nj4,nj5,nj 6,nj7,nj 8,nj 9
/-,
j i n t t , Output Window: JINTT = 8 2 8 8 3 .1 5 1 3 9 .

= /(] - v2) (2.8) (2.9) { =
J .
:
eicl e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic))
KI1J SQRT(eicl*JINTT)
Output
Window: e i c l = 0 . 2313186813 + 12;K I 1 J = 1384 6 4 5 1 2 . 7.
287
. 4.32. , ,
:
Toolbar > SAVEJ)B
:
SAVE
28. ANSYS.
S .
QUIT ANSYS
Toolbar:
Toolbar > QUIT >
Quit - No Save! > OK.
:
/EXIT,NOSAVE
2.
.
100 ./. 12.
; 4.33.
- (. 4.34):
11567;
2432;
0,005.
-
. 4.35...4.37.
I
288

. 4.3.
4.3
.

ANSYS,
ANSYS, J-, (2.7)
(4.4)
, 11-\/
10,09
12,86
1,275
1,442
14,45
289
AIMSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
= 1
SUB 1
1=1
U3UM
(AVG)
R3Y3=0
DMX > .0 0 4 6 2 3
8MX = . 0 0 4 623
.5 1 4 8 -0 3
.001541
.002569
.0 0 3 5 9 6
.0 0 4623
. 4.35.
1
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
STBP=1
SUB * 1
TIM E=1
8BQV
(AVG)
DMX = .0 0 4 6 2 3
BMN = .2 * 7 0 E -0 4
BKX .2 0 6 B + 0 9
.2708-04
.1 2 9 1 * 0 6
.1831409
.687E*08
.314-9
.1 6 0 8 + 0 9
.2 0 6 8 * 0 9
. 4.36.
ANSYS

[17]
\ = \ = 0 ;
=V
3(1i----- )T~V2Qa2F"
4
(4 -4)
290
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
8=1
SUB =1
TIME-1
TEMP
R 3Y 3=0
3MN =213
3MX 773
<AVG)
:
:
I
:<
1
|
:-$
;i1
illiipil
: . ,
273
3 8 4 .1 1 1 '
4 9 5 .2 2 2
6 0 6 .3 3 3
7 1 7 .4 4 4
3 2 8 .5 5 6
4 3 9 .6 6 7
5 5 0 .7 7 8
6 6 1 .8 8 9
773
. 4.37.
; v ;
; Q ;
( ); Fu .
Fn ]=
b
. 4.38. ,
77 =
0,35,
Fu = 6 .
. 4.3.
:
,
,
,
,
;
,
J -,
27,5 %, ;
ANSYS
,
(4.4) ,
Fu 4.38 ( [17]),
3/'2 ;
J -,
(2.7), .
291
40
30
20
10
0.5
(-|)
.
4.38. [17]
3.
.
100 /. 13.
. 4.39.
- (. . 4.40):
11567;
2432;
0,005.
-
. 4.41.. .4.43.
- . 4.4.
292
4.4
K q.

it'll, -/
ANSYS,
8,81
ANSYS, J -, (2.7)
10,64
1,208
(4.5)
8,83
1,002
1NODAL
293
AIMSYS
SOLUTION
=1
=1
=1
U8UH
R8Y8=0
<AVG)
DMX * .0 0 6 8 1 3
* . 922-03
* . 0 0 68 1 3
.9221-03
.006158
.001577
.002886
.005504
.004195
006813
. 4.41.
ANSYS
L
MODAL SOLUTIO!
-1
*1
TIME=1
8EQV
(AVO;
DHX = .0 0 6 8 1 3
3HN * 1 0 0 4 0 2
3MX * . 175E+09
8U
B
100402
.1961403
1568+09
.117+09
.5951+06
175+09
. 136+09
.974+08
. 4.42.
AN SYS
, [17]
* .= * 1 = 0 ;
F'rr
,,- - ., " ? "

Q tt2F,
3(1- v)n 4
(4.5)
; v ;
; Q ;
; Fu .
294
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
-1
=1
T IM E1
RSYS=D
2 7 3
7 7 3
(AVG)
.MiiimmMHiiiiiiwii
. 4.43.
. 4.44.
F M rj=
b
. 4.44.
(77
= 2, /? = 0,35)
Fu = 0 ,6 .
. 4.4.
:
,
,
,
295
,
;
,
J -,
2 0 ,8 %, ;
AN SYS
,
(4.5), 0,2 %,
;
-,
(2 .8 ), .
4. t b
L. ,
/.
- , .
.

.
( , F
EF
- = 0
= ^ ! Y(l/b),
(4.6)
.
,
.
, .
, ,
, ,
.
. .
,
F0 = t(b-l) .
A(L-S) | AS
- aLAT = 0 .
EF
EF0
, .

(4.7)
1-
296

:
L = 4 ;
= 1 ;
I = 0,35 .
. 4.45.

. 4.46.

= , = ,
(,) = 1,12-0,23 + 10,552 21,723 + 30,394 .
(4.6) (4.7) ,
, (4.6).
.

- - --- (4.8)
> \+-^
\-
A N SY Sa.
. 4.45.
100 .
- (. 4.46):
981;
304;
0,023.
14.
-
. 4.47, 4.48.
297
4.5
}.
( / = 0,35 )
|, -\
/
ANSYS,
528,6
ANSYS, J -
529,5
1,002
(4.6)
553,2
1,046
(4.8)
528,6
1,000
4.6
.

,, -/
0,2
381,6
384,7
1,008
0,35
528,6
529,5
1,002
0,5
614,8
614,5
1,000
4.7
t
\
.

-\/
(4.8)
0,2
381,6
302,3
0,792
0,35
528,6
528,9
1,000
0,5
614,8
936,6
1,523

, 0,35 , . 4.5.
,
AN SYS
ccEAT<Jk M Y (A )
jÂNSYS
-1
1-
= 0,086
298
ANSYS
NODAL 30 L U T I0 N
OCT 1 9 2 0 0 6
2 3 :5 6 :0 7
STEP-1
SUB = 1
11
USUM
R5Y5~ 0
(AVG)
DMX = .0 0 1 2 1 4
3MX - .0 0 4 2 1 4
Model 23
. 4.47. ()
( 0,35 , 10:1)
ANSYS
NODAL SOLUTION
OCT 20 2006
0 0 :0 4 :3 2
STEP=J
3UB * 1
T IM E-1
SEQV
(A V )
DMX = .0 0 4 2 1 4
3MN = . 1 7 42+09
8KX * . 3BGE+10
*!
!#
'
<
.3338+09
.*09
. 1CDE+10
. 133+10
. 167E+09
M odel
23
. 500E+09
.8331+09
.1178*10
. 150E+10
. 4.48. ()
( 0,35 )
ANSY5
Y _ C 0 0 R D 1 < 1 ,1 )
COL
COL
299
23 206
1 7 :5 5 :2 8
1
2
le n g th crack/
. 4.49.
(-1/2) ():
COL 1 ;
COL 2 (4.8) - 0,086

. 4.6.
,
ANSYS (
), (4.8) . 4.7.
,
0,4 .
.

, , . 4.49.
,
.
,
.
5
APDL
APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) !

ANSYS. APDL
ANSYS
ANSYS. , !

(). , ANSYS |
APDL. APDL *|
!
,
.
1
^
(
,
), ^
, , , |
,
, . .
]
APDL , , :
'
'
, 1
, , .
,
.
'
.
ANSYS, , *:
. .
, ;
, .
, IF THEN-ELSE, DO- . .
APDL
301
APDL
ANSYS.
APDL FORTRAN.
APDL,
: ,
; , ;
Toolbar ; .
5.7 5.8 APDL,
GET-.
5.1. APDL
APDL (
) . . lo g ,
ANSYS,
.
- ,
, -
(, Notepad) ANSYS:
Utility Menu > List > Flies > Log File
Utility Menu > File > List > Log File

,
( , ,
, . .).
,
LGWRITE:
Utility Menu > File > Write DB Log File
,
ANSYS Verification Manual. (
vm* . d a t) \ data\ verif
AN SYS, :
t
C :\ P ro g ram F ile s \ A n s y s
Inc\ v9 0 \ A N S Y S \ data\ verif\
\v90
, \vl00 10.0.
5.2. Toolbar:
5.2.1. Toolbar
Toolbar (. [1], . 88,
GUI) ,
302
. 5.1. - Toolbar
, ANSYS Toolbar, . ,
. 5.1 ANSYS Toolbar, -, **
. - *
.
ANSYS Toolbar
GUI, ANSYS .
.
-
. ,
SAVE DB.
, ANSYS *ABBR

Utility Menu > Macro > Edit Abbreviations
Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Edit Toolbar

*ABBR
*ABBR, A b b r,
S t r in g
A hbr
( ), ]
ANSYS Toolbar.
.
S t r in g
, ,
.
$
: * * * , /, /GOPR, /NOPR, /Q U IT ,
*END.
ANSYS Toolbar (|
:
*ABBR,
*ABBR,
*ABBR,
*ABBR,
SAVEJDB, SAVE
RESUM_DB, RESUME
QUIT, Fnc_/EXIT
POWRGRPH, Fnc /GRAPHICS

ANSYS

PowerGraphics Full Graphics
APDL
303
5.2.2. Toolbar
ANSYS Toolbar
, ,
ANSYS Toolbar, .

Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Save Toolbar
*ABBSAV.
ANSYS Toolbar
Utility Menu > MenuCtrls > Restore Toolbar
*ABBRES.
.
5.3.
(), APDL,
, FORTRANe.
ANSYS
.

(double-precision). ,
,
. APDL (scalar)
(array).

.

, , , . .
APDL : ,
, ( ,
),

,
, ANSYS .
5.3.1.
:
;
, ;
32 .
.
304
:
ABC
PI
X_OR_Y
:
MY_PARAMETER_NAME_LONGER_THAN_3 2_CHARACTERS (
32 )
2CF3 ( )
& ( &)
^
ANSYS , :
, (TEMP*
UX, PRES . .);
, !
(ALL, PICK, STAT . .);
(,
*ETABLE);
, ($|
CHAR, ARRAY, TABLE . .);
ARG1 ARG9 AR10 AR99,
;
r e g u la r .
:
,
*ABBR;
,
(_).
GUI ANSYS.

* STATUS.
5.3.2.
*S S f
:
*SET,ABC,-24
*SET,QR,2.0711
! ABC -24
! QR
! 2.0711
APDL
*SET,XORY,ABC
*SET,CPARM,1CASE1'
305
! XORY
! ABC
! CPARM
! 'CASE1'
, ,
,
.

=.
Name * V alue, Name (); Value
.
:
ABC 24
QR*a2 .0711
XORY*ABC
CPARM*'CASEl'
GUI

Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters
. ANSYS 5000 .

5000,
.

*GET (Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Data). ,
,
ANSYS.
, , , . .,
.
, *GET,A,ELEM ,5,CEN T,X
() , ^-
.
*GET :
*GET, P ar, E n tity , ENTNUM, Ite m l, IT1NUM, Item 2, IT2NUM
P ar
, .
E n tity
, ,
.
NODE, ELEM, , L IN E , AREA, VOLU . .
,
*GET, ANSYS Commands Reference.
306
ENTNUM
(,
).
It e m l
,
, *|
' . , E n t i t ^
ELEM, X te m l NUH&
(
^
COUNT ( ).
,
*GET, ANSYS Commands Reference.
XT1NUM
Itm m l. *
It e m l IT1NUM.
Ite m 2 ,
IT2NUM
/ (
).
*GET.
GET,BCD,ELEM,97,ATTR,MAT
*GET,V37,ELEM,37,VOLU
'GET, EL52, ELEM, 52, HGEN.
*GET,OPER,ELEM,102,HCOE,2
GET,TMP,ELEM,16,TBULK,3
*GET,NMAX,NODE,,NUM,MAX
GET,HNOD,NODE,12,HGEN
*GET,COORD,ACTIVE,,CSYS
BCD - 97
V37 .** 37
EL52 =
52
OPER =
102, 2
- ,
16, 3
NMAX =

HNOD *
12
COORD =

;
*GET GET-.
GET- 5.8.
, ^
* STATUS. * STATUS
, .
* STATUS.
'STATUS
PARAMETER STATUS
5 PARAMETERS DEFINED)
APDL
NAME
ABC
HEIGHT
QR
X_OR_Y
CP ARM
VALUE
-24.0000000
57.0000000
2.070000000E+11
-24.0000000
CASE1
307
TYPE
DIMENSIONS
SCALAR
SCALAR
SCALAR
SCALAR
CHARACTER

Utility Menu > List > Other > Parameters Utility Menu >
List > Status > Parameters > All Parameters.
, ,
(_)> * STATUS .

, *STATUS .
* STATUS .
*STATUS,ABC
PARAMETER STATUS- abc
NAME
ABC
VALUE
-24.0000000
(
TYPE
SCALAR
5 PARAMETERS DEFINED)
DIMENSIONS

Utility Menu > List > Other > Named
Parameter Utility Menu > List > Status > Parameters > Named Parameters.
:
=
. , QR
:
QR=
*SET (Utility Menu > Parameters > Scalar Parameters),

. ,
QR :
*SET,QR
,
.
( 1 1) .
5.3.3.
,
, , , .
:
308
=+
= (R2+R1)/2
D=-B+ (**2) - (4**)
XYZ=(A<B)+Y**2
! D *= - + 2 - 4
! XYZ = + Y2,
! ;
! XYZ = + Y2
I N O A 1 + (31.4/9)
= ((2-1)**2-(Y2-Y1)**2)/2
APDL:
+
.
/
**
<
>
ANSYS one*
:
1. .
2. ( ).
3. ( ).
4. (, + -)
5. ( ).
6. ( ).
, Y 2=A + B **C /D *E
: * * , /D , *, +.

. ,
.
, , ,
. (*) ,
ANSYS, ( !) .
5.3.4.

, . , S I N ( x ) , SQRT(b)
LOG (1 3 . 2 ).
ANSYS.
APDL
309
.....................
ABS(x)
x.
SIGN( , )
x .
*0, .
EXP()
(. . ).
LOG()
(. . In ( ) ).
LOG1 0 ()
(. . 1 ( ) ).
SQRT(x)
NINT(x)
MOD(x,)
/ . =0, 0.
RAND(x,)
,
( ,
).
G D I S ( x ,)
,
( ) ( ,
).
S IN (x ),
TAN (x)
C O S (x ), , (
,
*AFUN).
S IN H (x ),
COSH(x),
TANH(x)
A S IN (x ),
ACOS(x),
ATAN(x)
,
.
.
( AS IN ACOS
-1 .0 +1.0).
(

*AFUN). - /2 +/2
AS IN ATAN 0 ACOS.
ATAN2( , x)
/ , .
(

*AFUN). - +.
VALCHR {CPARM)
CPARM (
CPARM , 0.0).
CHRVAL (PARM)
PARM.
UPCASE ( CPARM)
CPARMy
LWCASE ( CPARM)
CPARMy
310
!
PI = -1,
PI ,

PI=ACOS(-1)
Z3=COS <2*)-Zl**2
R2=SQRT(ABS(Rl-3))
X=RAND(-2 4,R2 )
X - -2-4 R2

AFUN,DEG

60
THETA=ATAN(SQRT (3))
PHI -120
PHI=ATAN2 (-SQRT(3) ,-1)

AFUN,RAD

X- 249
X249=NX(249)
SLOPE=(KY(2)- K Y (1))/ <KX (2)- (1))
,
1 2
CHNUM = X
CHNUM=CHRVAL(X)
UPPER =
UPPER=UPCASE(LABEL)
LABEL
,
,
, ( ).
* PARSAV
(Utility Menu > Parameters > Save Parameters).

ASCII-,
*SET.
.
/NOPR
*SET,
SET,
SET,
SET,_RETURN
SET,_STATUS
SET,_ZX
/GO
10.00000000000
254.3948750000
1string
1
O.OOOOOOOOOOOOOE+OO
1.000000000000
*PARRES (Utility
Menu > Parameters > Restore Parameters).

, FORTRANa.
(output file)
. *VWRITE (Utility
Menu > Parameters > Array Parameters > Write to File).
5.3.5.

. ANSYS
:
APDL
311
1-D ( ):
2-D ( );
3-D (, );
4-D (, , );
5-D (, , , ).
ANSYS :
ARRAY
FORTRAN 77
. FORTRANe,
, , ,
. , , ,
.
.
CHAR
.
- ,
, .
,
,
.
TABLE
,

.
,
( ) , . .
, , , .

.
TABLE.
.
STRING
,
.
.
.
ARRAY CHAR.
. 5.2.
; . . * .
() /, 1
/, (),
1 .
.
312
Column index number*
1 2 3 4 5 .
# > ttt a iifH f * * W M M M >**
~ Array element (3,5)
2
Row
index
number
m
, 5.2.
(ij), / ; j *
.
, , APDL,
.
5.3.6.

,
APDL .
;
, (. . ),
, ,
(. . ).

, , , , ,
. .

DO-loops, . ,
*VOPER, *VFUN, *VSCFUN, *VITRS,
*V FILL, *VREAD *VGET .
*VREAD *VWRITE *
, **
,
(DIM) ARRAY TABLE.
.
' 1
APDL
313
*VOPER
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Vector Operations

.
VFUN
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Vector Functions

.
VSCFON
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Vector-Scalar Func

.
*VITRP
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Vectorlnterpolate

( ARRAY)
( TABLE).
.

. ANSYS
Commands Reference.

( ARRAY) X Y THE , ,
.
-2 6 6 0
1 0 2 12
4 -3 -1 7
-8 1 10 -5
'3 2 5 -
-5 -7 1 0
Y
8 0 0 11
1 4. 9 18
15
30
45
60
76
90

Z1, , , . .
. *VOPER
X Y.
.
314
Z1,
*VOPER. , (
) ,
*VOPER.
.
*DIM,Z1, ARRAY, 4
VOPER,Z1(1),X(1,2),A D D , Y (1,1)
9
-5
Z15

Z2, , , . .
. *VOPER !
X ( ) *
Y ( ). Z2
( ).
DIM, Z2, ARRAY, 3
*VOPER,Z2(1),X (2,1),MULT,Y(1,4)
-6
Z2~ 0
66
Z 4.
*VOPER ,
X Y.
: 1, 2 3 X, 2, 3 4 Y.
Z 4.
DIM,Z4,ARRAY,4,3
VOPER,Z4(1,1),X(1,1),CROSS,Y(l,2)
4
*2 *14
Z4
-33 -44
-74 168
-76
22
1
0
76
,
, . *VFUN
X 2
.
APDL
315
*DIM,,ARRAY,4
*VFUN,A3(1),PWR,X(1,2),2
36
A3 =
0
9
1
4.
*VFON ,
THE.
4 .

4, 2.0. , 4
, ,
, , 2.0 XOY.
*DIM,A4, ARRAY, 7,3
*AFUN,DEG
*VFUN,A4(1,I),COS,THETA(l)
*VFUN,A4(1,2),SIN,THETA(1)
A 4 (1, 3)=2 r2,2,2,2,2,2
1.0
0.966
0.666
A4 * 0.707
0,5
0.259
0.0
0.0
0.259
0.5
0.707
0.666
0.966
1.0
2.0"
2.0
2,0
2.0
2,0
2.0
2,0
5.
4,
. *VFUN
,
5.
*DIM,A5, ARRAY, 7,3
*VFUN,A5(1,1),TANG,A4(1,1)
-i
-0.131 0.991 0*
-0.259 0.965 0
0.666 0
A5 * -0.707 0.707 0
>0.866 0.5 0
-0966 0.259 0
-0.991 0.131 0
316
*VOPER (GATtf) (
. !
*VOPER GATH
,
2.
DIM,1,,4
*d i m ,b 2,,3
*DIM,B3,,4
1 (1)=10,20,30,40
2 (1)=2,4,1
VOPER, (1),1<1),GATH, 2 (1)
*2 0 '
63=
40
10

,
, , , (
) .
.
MOPER
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Matrix Operations
]
. ^
, :
;
;
;
;
.
*MFUN
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Matrix Functions
.
*MFOURI
Utility Menu > Parameters > Array Operations > Matrix Fourier
.
?
.
ANSYS Commands Reference.
APDL
317
*MOPER
. SORT DATA,
, :
3 10 1
5 *4 12
SORTOATA * 8 -9 13
2 7 14
6 1 15
SORT DATA
OLDORDER
.
*MOPER SORT DATA
.
.
OLDORDER. , *MOPER
.
*DIM,oldorder,,5
*MOPER,oldorder(1),sortdata(1,1),SORT,sortdata(1,1)
,
*MOPER:
2 7 14
3 10 11
5 -4 12
1 15
8 -9 13
4*
1
OLDORDER = 2
5
3
,
SORTDATA, :
*MOPER, oldorder (1), sortdata (1,1), SORT, oldorder (1,1)
*MOPER
.

:
2
3
2
4
*
4 3 2
6 5 2
5 2
5 14 14
2
2
8=
3
11
318
*MOPER

aniXi +3^2X 2+>... +

, *MOPER
:
2X1 +4X2+ 3X3+ 2X4 = 2

3X1+6X2+ 5X3+ 2X4 = 2
2 XI + 5 2 + 2 - 3 4 = 3
4X1 +5X2+ 14X3+ 14X4=
*MOPER
() (),
(), .
DIM,, ,4
MOPER, (1), (1,1) ,SOLV, (1)
*MOPER
,
60
26
*MFUN
.
DATA, , :
34 251
DATA
22 68
*7
12
*MFUN
DATATRAN, .
DIM, DATATRAN, ,2,3

MFUN,DATATRAN(1,1),TRAN,DATA(1,1)
DATATRAN,
:
DATATRAN =
34 22 25 68 1
APDL
vswrec
319
* 53. ARRAYVAL
ANSYSI
>
cm, 2
ROW
. 5.4. TABLEVAL
320
AN SYS
t a b ! 2C 1)
. 5.5. TABLE 2 TABLEVAL
A N SY S
toblv al(
1 / )
. 5.6. TABLEVAL
APDL
----
------- --------
- .............................................................- -
321
-
............................ *
.................................
........
5.3.7.
,
*VPLOT.
*VPLOT. ,
(TABLEVEL TABLE2), TABLE ARRAYVAL,
ARRAY.
0
4
7
1S
3 9
6 1*
8 6
10 3
0 40
19 W
TABLE2 88 80
99 96
12
8
ARRAYVAL
10 3
ARRAYVAL
*VPLOT,,arrayval(1,1),2
. 5.3.
,
,
ARRAYVAL.
TABLEVAL
(. 5.4)
*VPLOT, , tableval(1,1) f 2
,
,
TABLEVAL. ,
.
TABLE2
TABLEVAL (. 5.5)
*VPLOT,table2(1),tableval<1,1),2

TABLE 2, TABLEVAL,
.
TABLEVAL
, , (. 5.6)
VPLOT,tableval(1,0),tableval(1,1>,2
*VFLOT,
, .
322
*4
COL 1, COL 2 . . <;

/ GCOLUMN. -!
, *
(
).
/ GCOLUMN ( *
/g c o l), s t r i n g O l ,
s t r i n g 0 2 .
____
/gcol,1,stringOl
/gcol,2,string02
*dim,xxx,array, 10
*dim,yyy,array,10,2
1,1)
2,1)
3,1)
4,1)
5,1)
6,1)
7,1)
8,1)
9,1)
10,1)
=16
= 16
= 1
16
1= 1
= 16
16
= 1
16
1
1,1)
2,1)
3,1)
4,1)
5,1)
6,1)
7,1)
8,1)
9,1)
10,1)
=5 1
4
= 9
= 16
= 25
36
,49
64
81
100
1,2)
2,2)
3,2)
4,2)
5,2)
6,2)
7,2)
8,2)
9,2)
10,2)
1
2
SC 3
= 4
= 5 = 6
= 7
8
9
= 10
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
15
25
5
45
55
65
75
85
95
*vplo,xxx(1,1), y y y (1,1) /2
. 5.7.
, (COL 1 COL 2), ,
/GCOLUMN .
/gcol,l
/1,2
APDL
___________________
323
ANSYS!
stringOl
V ALU E
a trin g 0 2
(xlOM 3)
$00
1100
1900
isoo
xxx(1,1)
1700
1300
2100
. 5.7.
5.3.8.

*VWRITE.
.
*VWRITE.
, FORTRAN 77.
VWRITE *CFOPEN ,
.
*VWRITE
(, ARRAY ( 1 , 2 , 1 )
, ). *VWRITE
,
. SEQU,
*VWRITE, ,
.
*VWRITE
.
MYDATA, :
2.15215183
2.30485343
2.01051819
MYDATA *
2.36833012
2.84819512
2.22795343
3.89075020
4,44486730
3.39152436
3.32711472
4.76350638
3.48214546
5.28636971
5.40919563
5.93663807
5.63220341
5.97802354
5.54685145
7.15706483
7.68192625
7.38584253
7.22482004
7.29258882
7.90325139
13.7859423
15.5483820
18.4635868
18.7977889
14.8096356
14.0708891
87.4970443
86,5677915
45.7263566
39.7902425
62.0843906
37.6009897
324

X ( 25), ?
( *CFOPEN). *VWRITB,
, .
*VWRITE SEQU,
; ?
. ;
.
~25
*cfopen,vector
*vwrite,SEQU,mydatad, 1,1), mydata(1,2,1) ,mydata(1,3,1) ,10.2, x,mydata(1,1,1) +3
(F3 .0, 1 1,F8 .4, ' ',F8 .i, ' 'F8.6,'
,,F4.1,'
'F4.0,'
fF8.1)
*cfclos
:
2.1522
10.2
1.
3.9 5.286370
2.
10.2
2.3049
4.0 5.409196
3.
3.4
5.936638
10.2
2.0105
4.
10.2 '
2.3683
3.3 5.632203
5.
10.2
2.8491
4.8 5.978024
6.
2.2280
10.2
3.5 5.546851
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
25.
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.4. APDL
I

ANSYS ( ).
ANSYS,
. ,
.
,
. GUI.

.
ANSYS
, .
20 .
, .
.
, ,
4 * 3 * 2 , 1,
( ).
/7
/view,,-1,-2,-3
block,,4,,3,,2
sphere,1
vsbv,l,2
finish
APDL
325

mymacro.mac, ,
:
*use,mymacro
rnymacro
5.4.1.
,
ANSYS
(, Notepad,
emacs vi). ,
ANSYS. ,
.

,
ANSYS lo g -.

.

. ,
ANSYS.
GUI lo g -,
ANSYS.
.
( )
.
, . ,
, ,
.

ANSYS,
, .
:
*
32 ;
;
< ANSYS . );
;
,
;
.
ANSYS :
326
*CREATE ANSYS.
, ,
APDL , ;
*.
*CFOPEN, *CFWRITE *CFCLOS.
,
;
/ ANSYS.
,
APDL , ;
Utility Menu > Macro > Create Macro.
,
. ,
APDL ,
.
,
.
ANSYS * CREATE .
, ,
. :
MACRONAME1
/EOF
MACRONAME2
/EOF
MACRONAME3
,/EOF

, :
mybloc
/7
/view,,-1, -2, -3
block,,4,,3,,2
finish
/EOF
mysphere
/7
/view,,-1,-2,-3
sphere,1
finish
/EOF
APDL
327
,
/E O F .
5.4.2.
*USE. ,
MYMACRO ( ),
,
*use,mymacro

. MYMACRO. MACRO,
/ c o u n t / m a c r o s ,
*use,/myaccount/macros/mymacro.macro
, *USE, ,
, , ,
.
.m ac
, ,
( .mac). ,
m y m a c r o . mac
mymacro
, .mac,
, Utility Menu > Macro > Execute Macro.
,
. ,
mymacro, 4, 3,2,1. 5
*use,mymacro.mac,4,3,2,1.5

ARG1,
, ARG9 AR10, ... , AR19 (,
, AR99;
AR20 ... AR99
).
,
.
ARG1, ARG2 . .
ARG1=4, ARG2=3, ARG3=2, ARG4=1. 5.
328
Utility Menu > Macro > Execute Macro $

.
, ,
*ULIB. , !
m ym acros.m lib,
/ acc o u n t /m acros, ^
*ulib,mymacros,mlib,/rayaccount/macros/
*
*USE. |
*USE.
'
, *ULIB ^
, ^
*USE *
5.4.3.
() *!
, . . if
. !
. 1
.
.
APDL ,
. ,
APDL ,
FORTRAN 77.
.
19 .
,
. , MY START
MYSPHERE, .
mystart
/?
/view,,-1,-2,-3
mysphere,1.2
finish
/eof
mysphere
sphere,argl
/eof
( *GO).

, , -
APDL
329
*GO.
. ,
*GO.
*GO,:BRANCH1
-!
( )
:BRANCH1
, *GO,
( :) , .
,

, *GO.
( * IF ).
APDL ,

. ,
, ,
.
APDL * IF .
* IF :
* IF ,
VAX.1, , VAL2, B ase
VAL1
,
.

, .
VAL2
,
.
B ase
, ,
.
APDL ,
* IF .
:
SQ
(VAL1 = VAL2),
I
(VA&1 VAL2).
'
330
LT
( VAL1 < VAL2).

GT
( VAL1 > VAL2).
LE
(VAL1 < VAL2),

1
GE
(VAL1 > VAL2).

ABLT
.
ABGT

* IF
THEN.
* IF IF-THEN-ELSE,
FORTRANe.
:
*ELSEIF ( );
*ELSE ( );
* ENDIF , *1 (
).
*XF
, *
. (
t r u e ) , Base.
* IF . ,
= 1 1,
,
ENDIF.
*IF,A,EQ,1,THEN
! 1
*ENDIF
!
t
(. 5.8
,
. , 6
, *ELSE.
APDL
331
* IF ,A ,E Q , 1,-THEN
I B lo c k l
*E L S E IF ,A ,E Q , 0
t B lo c k 2
*E L S E IF ,A ,E Q ,- 1
B lo c k 3
ELSE
Block4
* ENDI F
I C o n tin u e
. 5.8. * IF
{ *REPEAT).
* REPEAT,
,
.
,1,2
*REPEAT, 5,0,1
1 2.
*REPEAT ( ),
.
, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5 1-6.
, , (/) (*),
* REPEAT.
.
{ *DO).
DO-loop
.
*DO *ENDDO.
, *DO *ENDDO

.
332
DO, 1,1,5
LSREAD,I
OUTPR,ALL,NONE
ERESX,NO
LSWRITE,I
I 1 5:
(load step )
I

I

ENDDO

*DO-*ENDDO * IF , *1
CYCLE.
*DO-*ENDDO
:
*DO- *ENDDO ,
, * IF *GO;
j

DO-loop. *
IF-THEN-ELSE-ENDIF.
DO-loop
. *
/GOPR /GO, !
DO-loop.
.

, ,
.
, .
() :
{ : : z)
z 1. , :
, (1:6), (2:12:2)
:
n, 1, 2
,2, 4
, 3, 6
,6,12
APDL
333

().
,
, (1:7), (2:12:2)
, .
( *DOWHILE).
,
.
*DOWHIUC.
*DOWHILE :
DOWHILE, Parm
,
tru e . f a l s e (
0.0), .
*CYCLE *1 *DOWHZLE.
5.5. GUI
GUI
ANSYS:
ANSYS Toolbar (
5.2);
*ASK ;

;
*MSG ;
;
;
& .
5.5.1.

*$, .
*ASK :
*8, P a r , Qumry, DVAL
P ar
,
. ,
.
334
. 5.9.
Q uery
"
,
. ^
54 - . $
I .
DVAL
;
, .
, J
.
, .
oi
*
, .
'
vi
*ASK 3||
( Query)
, (
Par).
, i
(. 5.9),

( ).
I
*ask,parml,'username (enclose the username in single quotes)'
5.5.2.
MULTIPRO

. ;
*CSET, ;
))
MULTIPRO DO-loop.
**
I,
APDL
335
MULTI PRO :
*CSET ( );
*CSET,
( ).
MDLTIPRO :
MtJLTIPRO, 's t a r t r, Proapt_Nvm
*CSET, Strt Loc, End Loc, Param_Name, 'Prompt String', Dei Value
MULTI PRO, "end'
's t a r t 9
, ,
MULTIPRO.
.
Prompt^JNum
, *CSET.
, *CSET
D ef_V alue D ef^V alue 0.
S trt^ L o c , End__Loc
,
Param_Jfame. Strt__Loc
, End_Loc .
S trt^L o c *CSET 1,
End^Loc Strt__Loc+2 ( *CSET
End_Lo 3). S trt^L o c
*CSET End__Loc+1.
ParamJHama
,
. ,
, . . ,
D ef_V alue.
'P ro m p t^S trin g '

,
. 32 .
.
D ef_V alue
.

APDL.
.
336
. 5.10.
'e n d '
, MULTIPRO.
* >
MULTIPRO.
multipro,start', 3
*cset,1,3,beamW,'Enter the overall beam width',12.5
*cset,4,6,beamH,'Enter the beam height1,23.345
*cset,7,9,beamL,'Enter the beam length1,50.0
multipro,e n d
i*
* SET *
MULTIPRO *
. 64 .
*CSET :
'
*C SE T ,
*C SE T ,
61,
63,
62,
64,
'
'
* H e lp _ _ S trin g ,
H e lp J S t r in g 1,
rH e lp J S t r in g f
'H e lp J S t r in g 1
'H e lp J S t r in g '
, 32 ,;

, , *
H e lp J S t r in g .
APDL
337
, ,
MOLTXPRO, ,
.
multipro,'start1,3
*cset,l,3,dx,'Enter DX Value',0.0
*cset,4,6,dy,Enter DY Value',0.0
*cset,7,9,dz,'Enter DZ Value',0.0
*cset,61,62,'The MYOFSET macro offsets the',' selected nodes along each'
*cset,63,64,'of the three axes. Fill in the
fields accordingly.'
multipro,'end'
,

, . 5.10.
5.6.
ANSYS , . .
. ,
.
.
5.6.1.

.
. ,
.
/ENCRYPT.
/ENCRYPT :
/ , Encryptlonkay, F ilejiam a, F ilejB x t, D irectoryJP ath/
Encrypt 1 onjkay
, .
Filejnamm
.
j
.
.mac.
DrBctory_Path/
, .
60 .
, .
/ENCRYPT
.
338
/encrypt,mypasswd,myenfile,mac,macros/
/nopr
/prep7
/view,,-1,-2,-3
block,,argl,,arg2,,arg3
sphere,arg4
vsbv,1,2*
/gopr
finish
/encrypt
/ENCRYPT, ,
. |
m y e n f ile .m a c /
/ENCRYPT, , *
^
.
, /NOPR ^
lo g -. /<
/NOPR.
5.6.2.
I
/ENCRYPT, *
, ,
.
. 6yz*tfj
. ,
, .
.I-)
/DECRYPT,mypasswd
013AZ,A%
02xA0 S e |L v (.6>?
03J3]Q_LuXd3-6m+*f$k]?eB
04: AVY7S#S>c>
05daV;u(yY
06T]3WjZ
/DECRYPT
, .
/DECRYPT. $
/DECRYPT .
5.6.3.
, *
.
*
, . *
/DECRYPT,
. , :
/DECRYPT,PASSWORD
APDL
339
ANSYS
:
/DECRYPT,PASSWORD,Encryption_Key
c ry p t i on_K ey
, .

/DECRYPT,PASSWORD,OFF
5.7. APDL
*ABBR
ABBRES
ABBSAV
*AFUN
*ASK
*CFCLOS
*CFOPEN
*CFWRITE
* CREATE
CYCLE
.
.
.
.
.
( ).
( ).
ANSYS ( ) .
() .
DO-loop.
d e l
/DFLAB
.
DOF .
*DIM
.
/DIRECTORY ,
, .
*DO
DO-loop.
*DOWHILE
DO-loop .
e l s e
IF-THEN-ELSE.
* e l s e if
IF-THEN-ELSE.
END
*ENDDO
*ENDIF
IF-THEN-ELSE.
EXIT
DO-loop.
get
GO
IF
.
,
.
.
/INQUIRE
/MAIL
.
.
DO-loop.
340

MFOURI
MFUN
MOPER
.
().1
( one*
1
).
1'
Vfifl
t14
MSG
MWRITE
PARRES
PARSAV
/PMACRO
/PSEARCH
REPEAT
RETURN
SET
SREAD
STATUS
TAXIS
/TEE
TOPER
TREAD
/UCMD
ANSYS .
.
1
*
j|
1 *II 1
.
lo g -.
,
.
.
.
.
<
ll,
.
.
1
I
1*4
1
11
' *
1
.
().
J--J9
'.'J
>
-4J
.
i
t
i
ULIB
USE
VABS
VCOL
VCUM
VEDIT
VFACT
VFILL
VFUN
VGET
VITRP
.
,
*;]
i
,
.
, ,
, .
.
.
,
i
i
VLEN
,
.
VMASK
,
.
VOPER
APDL
341

*VPLOT
*VPUT
VREAD
VSCFUN
*VSTAT
*VWRITE
/WAIT
.
ANSYS.
( ).
.

.
.
.
5.8. GET-

NSEL(N)
N:
-1 = , 0 = , 1 = .
ESEL ()
:
-1 , 0 = , i = .
KSEL ()
:
-1 = , 0 = , 1 = .
LSEL (L)
L :
-1 = , 0 = , 1 - .
ASEL ()
:
1 = , 0 = , 1 = .
VSEL ( V)
V:
-1 = , 0 = , 1 = .

NDNEXT (N)
,
, N, .
ELNEXT ()
,
, , .
KPNEXT ()
,
, , .
LSNEXT(i)
,
, L, .
ARNEXT ()
,
, , .
VLNEXT ( V)
,
, , .

CENTRX ()
^-
.
.
342

CENTRY()
-
.
.
CENTRZ()
Z-
.
.
NX (N)
- N
.
NY (N)
- N
.
NZ (N)
Z- N
.
j
KX(JC)
Jf-
.
KY (K)
7-
.
()
Z- .
kz
L X (L , LFRAC)
- L,
LFRAC ( or 0.0 1.0).;
LY (L,LFRAC)
- L,
LFRAC ( 0.0 1.0).
L Z (L,LFRAC)
Z- L,
LFRAC ( 0.0 1.0).,
'
L X , LFRAC ( ]
0.0 1.0).
LSX (L , LFRAC)
LSY [L,LFRAC)
L Y ,
LFRAC (
0.0 1.0).
^
L S Z {L,LFRAC)
L Z , *
LFRAC (
0.0 1.0).
i
"
....
....
...........
NODE (X , , Z)
,
X , Y, Z
( ; ,
).
{X ,Y,Z)
,
X , Y, Z
( ; ,
).
]
1"1
]
j
j
;
|
]
APDL
343

D1STND { ,N2)
N1 N2.
DISTKP [1,2)
1 2.
DISTEN {E,N)

N (
).

ANGLEN { ,N 2,N 3)
ANGLEK {1,2,)

, , N1
.
.

, , 1
.
.

NNEAR (N)
, N.
KNEAR ( )
, .
ENEARN (N)
, N.

.

AREAND(N1,N2,N3)
,
, N2 N3.
AREAKP {1,2,)
,
KI, 2 .
ARNODE [N)

(
), N.

V m X (N l,N 2,N 3)

X , N1,
N2 N3.
NORMNY (N1, N2 , N3)

, N1,
N2 N3.
NORMNZ (N1, N2 , N3)

Z , N1,
N2 N3.
NORMKX (K I, 2 , )

X , 1,
2 .
344
__
..j
..
'
:'ji

1i
*
lI
\
Y , K ljJ
2 .
NORMKY {K I, K2, )
NORMKZ ( K 1,K2,K3)

ENEXTN(N,LOC)
!
Z , 1
2 .
j
,
LOC , t i1'
N.
NELEM( , NPOS)
, , 41
NPOS ()
( 1 20).
!
NODEDOF (AT)
DOF N.
0 UX, 1 U Y ...5 ROTZ,
6, 7, 8 , AY, AZ,
9, 10,11 VX, VY, VZ,
18 PRES,
19 TEMP,
20 v o lt ;
21 M AQ
24 EMF,
25 CURR,
7 UX, UY, UZ ( 0,1,2)
63 UX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ
(, 1,2,3,4,5).

ELADJ( ,FACE)
NDFACE(E,FACE,LOC)
|
j
I
'
. '-i
|
"
i
!
^
"
14
2-D 3-D
, FACE .
,
.
LOC FACE
. ,

.
NMFACE(E)
, .
ARFACE{E)
2-D 3-D
,
.
;
()
X(N)
UX N.
UY (N)
UY N.
UZ (N)
UZ N.
ROTX(N)
ROTX N.
APDL
345

ROTY(N)
ROTY N.
ROTZ (N)
ROTZ N.
TEMP (N)
N SHELL131
SHELL 132 KEYOPT(3) = 0 1,
{N) , 2 (N) ,
(N) ,..., (N) TEMP (N) .
PRES (N)
N.
VX(tf)
VX N.
VY(N)
VY N.
VZ (N)
VZ N.
(FLOTRAN)
N.
(FLOTRAN)
N.
ENKE(N)
ENDS(N)
VOLT(N)
N.
MAG (N)
N.

N.
AX (N)
AY (N)
AY
N.
AZ (N)
AZ
N.
,
VIRTINQR(l)
, .
VIRTINQR(4)
.
VIRTINQR(7)
,
.
VIRTINQR(8)
/ .
VIRTINQR(9)
.
VIRTINQR(11)
.
, ANSYS
KWGET(KEYWORD)
,
KEYWORD. . ANSYS UIDL Pro
grammer's Guide.

,
VALCHR()
8 ,
.
VALOCT()
8 ,
.
VALHE(8)
8 ,
.
346
!
''
'
.......
Mi^l
,
CHRVAL {dp)
dp , .
CHROCT(dp)
dp .
C H R H E X ( dp)
dp .
, : StrOut ,
Strl Str2 ( 128 ; . *DIM)
|
|
*
|
|
StrOut =
STRSUB (Strl,nLoc,nChar)
nChar ,
nLoc Strl.
StrOut = STRCAT(Strl,Str2)
Str2 Strl.
StrOut =
S T R F I L L ( S t r l , S t r 2 , nLoc)
Str2 Strl
nLoc.
StrOut = STRCOMP(Strl)
S t 1.
StrOut = S T R L E F T ( S t r l )
Strl
.
nLoc = STRPOS(Strl,Str2)
Str2 Strl.
nLoc S T R L E N G ( S t r l )

( ).
StrOut = U P C A S E ( S t r l )
Strl ,
StrOut = L W C A S E ( S t r l )
Strl ..

Path String =
J O I N ( di r e c t o r y * , ' f i l e n a m e ',
1e x t e n s i o n ')
Path String =
J O I N ( ' d i r e c t o r y , ' f i l e n a m e ')

.

.

.

.
S P L I T ( P a t h S t r i n g 1, D I R 1)
S P L I T ( P a t h S t r i n g ', ' F I L E 1)
S P L I T ( P a t h S t r i n g 1, ' N A M E 1)
S P L I T ('P a t h S t r i n g ' , ' E X T ' )
;;
^
;;
,

.
.

, ,

ANSYS.
, APDL,
,
.
.
, ,
,
. :

, ;

;
,
,
;
, ;

.

-
ANSYS
CAD-FEM GmbH.
1. . ., . ., . A. ANSYS . ]
. .: URSS. 1- . 2003.272 . 2- . 2004.272 .
.-
2. . , . ., . . ANSYS : *
. .: -1,2004. 512 .
3. . A. ANSYS / . . . . .:
, 2002. 224 .
4. . . .: , 1980. 368 .
5. JI. . . .: , 1974. 312.
6. . 1, . . . .:
1985. 504 . 3- . .: /URSS, 2008. 2 : . 1. 352 . . 2.1
1. . ., . /. :
.: , 2002. 320 .
8. . ., . . ]
. .; -, 2007,464 .
9. . / . . . . . ]
. .: , 1988. 364 .
10. . . .: , 1974.640 .
11. . . . <
. . 1967. 6. . 88-128. . : . . <
. .: , 2002. . 2.448 .
|
12. . #., . , . .
. : , 2001.632 .
13. . . . , . .
. .: , 2004.408 .
|
14. . . . .: , 200$
328 .
15. , .
. .: , 1974.148 .
16. /
. . ; 4 . : , 1988-1990. .1. !
. 488 . . 2. '
. 620 . . 3.
. 436 . . 4. ^
. 680 .
1
17. : 2 . / . ,
. . . .: , 1990.448 .
* t
i *
349
18. . . . .: , 1990.
392 .
19. ., ., X\ /
. . . . . . .: , 1986. 334 .
20. . . : 2 , .: ,
1974. . 1.472 . . 2. 368 .
21. . . . ,, . \
. . .: , 1975.
488 .
22. Folias . S. Joum. of Appl. Mechanics. 1975. V. 42. P. 663-674.
23. . A., . . -
-
// . . , 1995. 1. . 96-103.
24. . ., .
. 2- . .: /URSS, 2008. 256 .
25. 25.506-85. .
( )
. .: - , 1985. 61 . . : 1-95.
( ) /
.
. . .: . .
, 1995. . 7-82.
26. / . . . . .: ,
1980.640 .
27. KohnkeP. ANSYS. Theory Reference. Southpointe: ANSYS Inc. 1998.
28. . P. ANSYS
/
CAD-FEM GmbH (, 2122 2005 .) / . . . . .: -, 2005. . 26-33.
29. . .
. .: , 1972. 248 .
30. . .> Maxymoe . ., . . .
. : , 2002. 334 .
31. . ., . . .
.: , 1976.295 .
32. APDL Programmer's Guide. ANSYS Release 9.0 Documentation. Canonsburg: ANSYS
Inc.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

( () J-)

( , ).
(. . 2.4);
bm
;
lm = (0 .15...0 .25) ;
-bb * (1.25...1.60)bm ;
hm = (0 .10...0 .20) bm ;
tm * (0 .15...0.25) bm ;
rb * .
;
kb = .
;
lb * .
.
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KII - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - njl).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
; ; ! I !!! { ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ; j ! ; ! ! ! ! ! ! ! j ( !
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
Jobname
/FILNAME,Model 1,1
/TITLE,Model 1
*AFUN,DEG
Jobname = Model_l
( Model_l)

I
bic
hie
tic
lie
zic
1.0
3 . 0*bic
0 . l*bic
0 . 2*bic
0. 0 * t i c
4
ric
0.10*lic
aic = 8*ric

Z- (),

J-

nic * 4
xl lie - aic/2
x2 lie - ric
x3 lie
x4 = lie + ric
x5
lie + aic/2
- bic/2
yl = ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 * hic/2
alpha = 0
! 1,15,24
nl * NINT(xl/ric/2)
! 6,18,26
2 N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
! 19...23
n3 * N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric/4)

!
!
eic = 2.105ell
!
nuic - 0.3
1
1.08
I

LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0

,

LOCAL,12,0,3,0.0,0.0,0.0
,

CSYS,0
/PREP7
! 2D SOLID ()
,1,MESH200,7
! 3D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
R, 1
! ()
MP,EX,l,eic
!
MP,NUXY,1,nuic
!
1

1
, 1, 0.0, 0.0,
xl, 0.0,
2
, 2,
3
2, 0.0,
, 3,
, 0.0,
4 ( )
, 4,
4, 0.0,
5
, 5,
6
, 6,
5, 0.0,
, 0.0,
7
, 7,
,
8
, 8,
1/
9
0.0,
, 9,
2/
351
352
1m 10
, 10,
xl,
2,
I 11
, 11,
,
2,
1 12
, 12,
5,
2,
t 13
, 13,
,
2,
1 14
,14,
0.0,
,
1 15
,15,
xl,
,
1 16
, 16,
,
,
1 17
,17,
5,
*
,
1
,18,
,
18
,
!
1 1
L, 1, 2,nl,
1
L,2,3,4,1/2 .5
a 2
1 3
L, 3, 4
9
1 4
L, 4, 5
9
1 5
L, 5, , 4, 2 .5
1 6
L, 6, 7,2
1
LARC ,3,8,4, ric
7
LESIZE,7,,, nic
I 8
L, 4,8,
1
LARC,8,5,4, ric
9
LESIZE,9,,, nic
1
L, 1,9,2
10
1 11
L,2,10,2 .
1 12
L,8,11,4,2. 5
1 13
L, 6,12,2
1 14
L,7,13,2
1 15
L,9,10,nl
1 16
L,10,11,2
1 17
L,11,12,2
I 18
L,12,13,n2
t 19
L, 9,14,n3
t 20
L, 10,15,n3
t 21
L, 11,16,n3
t 22
L,12,17,n3
1 23
L,13,18,n3
t 24
L,14,15,nl
I 25
L,15,16,2
t 26
L,16,17,2
r 27
L,17,18,n2
!
AL,1,11,15,10
! 1
AL,2,7,12,16,11
! 2
AL, 3,8,7
! 3
! 4
AL,4,9,8
AL, 5,13,17,12,9
I 5
AL,,14,18,13
! 6
AL,15,20,24,19
! 7
AL,16,21,25,20
! 8
AL,17,22,26,21
! 9
AL,18,23,27,22
! 10
SAVE
!
! ,
!
TYPE,1
! MESH200
,1
! 1
! ()
353
!
!
!
MSHKEY,
! ;
( 4)

, 1/4
: KSCON,NPT,DELR,KCTIP,NTHET,RRAT
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )

delr = ric/4

KSCON,4,delr,1,nic
( 4)

AMESH, 3,4,1
3-4 ( )

MSHKEY,1

AMAP,2,8,11, 2, 3

AMAP,5,5, 6,11,8
AMESH, 1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1

SAVE
!
SOLID95
TYPE,2
!nz = NINT(tic/ric)

nz - 8
I
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
I
VEXT,1,10,1,, ,tic, 1,1,1 ! (1-10)
! tic Z
!
SAVE
!
CSYS,0
1 XZ,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0

NSEL,R,LOC,X,x3,x6

D,ALL,UY,0.0
Y
ALLSEL
,
NSEL, S, LOC,'x, 0.0
YZ
X
D,ALL,UX,0.0
ALLSEL
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0
XY
D,ALL,UZ,0.0
Z
ALLSEL

ASEL,S,LOC,Y,hie/2

SFA,ALL,1 ,PRES,-p0

ALLSEL
I
!
MSHAPE,,2D
354
D, ALL, UZ
SAVE
FINISH
!!!!!!!!!!
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
EQSLV,SPARSE
SAVE
SOLVE
FINISH
,0 . 0
!
!

!
_
!
! SPARSE
!
!
!
()
/POST1
1
SET,LAST
!
CSYS,0
!
RSYS,0
!
!
! Z = zic () ni - nk
ni * N O D E (,0.0,zic)
ni I
Z = zic
nj * N O D E (2,0.0,zic)
J,

, Z * zic
( )
,

, Z = zic
( )
PATH,ki,3,,48
() ki,
3
PPATH,l,ni
ni - nk
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
: KCALC,KPLAN,MAT,KCSYM,KLOCPR
KCALC:
PLAN ( :
0 /
1 - );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0., 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0

*GET,KI1,KCALC,,, 1
(1) KI1
(II) KI2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
(III) KI3
J- Z = zic ()
nji - nji j_f_l.mac
( nji - nji)
nji = NODE(x5,0.0,zic)
nj i
(1- )
njj = NODE(x5,y2,zic)
njj
(2- )
*
355
njk * NODE(xl,2,zic)
! njk
! (3- )
njl = NODE(xl,0.,zic)
! njl
! (4- )
eicl * eic/(1-(nuic*nuic)) !
!
j_f_1, nji, nj j ,njk, njl
! j_f_l.mac
! ( nji - njl),
! JINT_F
KI1J - SQRT(eicl*JINT)
! <I) J-
! KI1J
! (2.10)
1 2*lic/bic
yr * SQRT (1) * (1.77+0.227*1-0.51*(1)**2+2.7*(1)**3)
pb p0*bic*tic
KI4 = pb*yr/tic/bic
! (2.11)
I
a l f a - (/)
pi 3.1415926
KI5=p0*SQRT(pi*x3)*(1-0.025*alfa**2+0.06*alfa**4)*SQRT(1/COS(alfa*90))
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
!
1 II
I I I I I I I I I II
t I I I 1 I I I I
I I I I I
I I II
I I f I I I
I I 1 I I I
I I I

( () J-)

( , ).
(. . 2.108):
;
;
lm
(0 .15...0 .25) bm
;
(1.25...1.60) bm
hm
(0 .10...0 .20) bm
; tm
(0.15...0 .25) bm
;
0.30bm
/
rb
0.03bm
;
kb
3.OObm
.
lb
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KI1 - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - nji).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
() . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I
;!!!!! I !!!!!!!!!!!! j i n i ttj j tj t
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
!
Jobname
/FILN ,Mode 1_2,1
Jobname ~ Model_2>>
*
( Model_2)
/TITLE,Model_2

I

*AFUN,DEG
!
!

1.0

bic
3.0*bic

hie
tic

0.l*bic

lie
0.2*bic
0.5*tic
Z- (),
zic
J-

ric = 0.10*lic
aic = 8*ric
nic = 4
xl = lie - aic/2
x2 = lie - ric
x3 = lie
x4 - lie + ric
x5 - lie + aic/2
= bic/2
yl = ric
y2 aic/2
y3 * hic/2
alpha = 0
! 1,15,24
nl ~ NINT (xl/ric/2)
! 6,18,26
n2 - N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
! 19...23
n3 = N I N T ((y3-*y2)/ric/4)
t

!
eic = 2.105ell
!
nuic = 0.3
!
~ 1.08
t

LOCAL,11,1,-,0.0,0.0, 0.0

LOCAL, 12, 0, -, 0 .0, 0 .0, 0 .0
CSYS,12
/PREP7
2D SOLID ()
,1,MESH200, 7
3D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
R, 1
! ()

MP,EX,1,eic

MP,NUXY,1,nuic
!
! 1
.1, : . , 0.0,
xl, 0.0,
! 2
2,
2 , 0.0,
! 3
3,
4,
! 4 (
, 0.0,
4, 0.0,
! 5
5,
,
!
5, 0.0,
7,
! 7
, 0.0,
,
! 8
8,
1/
9, 0.0, 2,
! 9
xl, 2,
,
! 10
11,
,
! 11
2,
12,
5,
! 12
2,
13,
,
! 13
2,
14, 0.0, ,
! 14
15,
! 15
xl,
,
,
! 16
16,
,
5,
! 17
17,
,
18,
! 18
,
,
1
L 1,2, nl,
! 1
L 2,3, 4,1/2 .5
! 2
! 3
L 3,4
! 4
L 4,5
! 5
L 5,6, 4,2.5
*.
357
358
! 6
L, 6, 7,n2
! 7
LARC,3,8,4,ric
LESIZE,7,,,nic
! 8
L, 4, 8,
! 9
LARC,8,5,4,ric
LESIZE,9,,,nic
10
L, 1,9,2
L, 2,10, 2
11
12
L,8,11,4,2 .5
L, 6,12,2
13
L, 7,13,2
14
15
L, 9,10., nl
16
L,10,11,2
L,11,12,2
17
18
L,12,13,n2
L,9,14,n3
19
L,10,15,n3
2 0
21
L,11,16,n3
L,12,17,n3
22.
L,13,18,n3
23
L,14,15,nl
2 4
L,15,16,2
25
L,16,17,2
2 6
L,17,18,n2
27
!
AL,1,11,15,10
1
AL,2,7,12,16,11
2
AL,3,8,7
3
4
AL, 4,9,8
5
AL,5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
6
7
AL,15,20,24,19
AL,16,21,25,20
8
AL,17,22,26,21
9
AL,18,23,27,22
10
SAVE

! ,
!
TYPE,1
MESH200
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

MSHKEY,0

( 4)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,4,delr,1,nic

( 4)

AMESH,3,4,1
359
!
1 3-4 ( )
!
!
!
MSHKEY,1
,2,8,11,2,3
,5,5,6,11,8
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1
SAVE
!
!
TYPE,2
! SOLID95
!nz - NINT(tic/ric)
nz = 8
!
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1
!

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
!
! (1-10)
VEXT,1,10,1,,, tic, 1,1,1
\ tic Z
SAVE
!
!
! CSYS,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y, 0.0
! XZ,
NSEL,R,LOC,X,,
'
D, ALL, UY, 0. 0
! Y
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,X,x6
! ,
YZ
X
D,ALL,UX,0.0
ALLSEL
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0
XY
Z
D,ALL,UZ,0 .0
ALLSEL
ASEL, S,LOC,Y,hic/2
!
!
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,-pO
ALLSEL
!
!
!
D, ALL, UZ
,0.0
!
SAVE
!
FINISH

!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC

EQSLV,SPARSE
SPARSE
SAVE

SOLVE

FINISH

()
/POST1
!
SET,LAST
!
! CSYS,0
!
!
ni NODE(x3,0.0,zic)
ni
,
Z = zic ( n_tip)
nj NODE(x2,0.0,zic)
nj
( )
nk
nk - NODE(xl,O.Q,zic)
*
360
PATH,ki,3,,48
2
! ( )
! () ki,
! 3
! ni - nk
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
KCALC:
PLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0
!

*GET,KII,KCALC,,,1
(I) KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,K,2
(II) KI2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
(III) KI3
J- Z = zic ()
nji - njl j_f_l.mac
( nji - njl)
nji
(1- )
njj - NODE(x5,y2,zic)
njj
(2- )
njk - NODE(xl,y2,zic)
njk
(3- )
njl = NODE(XI,0.0,zic)
njl
(4- )
eicl * e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic)) !
!
_1, j i> n j j rn j Ic,nj 1
! j_f_l .mac
( nji - njl),
JINT_F
(I) J-
KI1J
! (2.13)
1 * /(2*6)
yr = SQRT(lr)*(1.98+0.72*lr-8.48*(lr)**2+27.36*(ir)**3)
pb * * (2*x6*tic)
KI4 = pb*yr/tic/ SQRT(2*x6)
! (2.14)
alfa = (/)
pi - 3.1415926
KI6 = * SQRT (pi*x3)
yr 1.122-0.154*alfa+0.807*alfa**2
yr = yr-1.894*alfa**3+2.949*alfa**4
KI6 = KI6*yr
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!! I! !!

( () J-)

( , ).
(. . 2.114):
bm
;
lm (0.45...0.45) ;
hm = (0.25...0.45)bm ;
tm = (0.15.,.0.25)bm - ;
kb = .
;
lb 4.00*bm
;
1 = 4.5*bm
.
, .
,

, 1/4 .
Kli - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - nji).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
I 1 I It
I I 1 I 1. 1
I I I II
I II
/CONFIG,NPROC, 2
Jobname
!
/FILNAME,Mode1_3,1
/TITLE,Model_3
*AFUN,DEG
bic = 1.0
hie 4 .5*bic
hicl = 4.0*bic
tic 0.2*bic
lie * 0.5*bic
zic 0 .5*tic
t1 I f I I t I I I I I I I I I I

I I ! I 1 I I 1 1 I I t I I I I II
I II
I II
Jobname - Model_3
! ( Model_3)
!

!

!

!

!

J

!

!Z- (),
! J-
362
ric = 0.05*lic
aic = 8*ric
ficl * 0,l*bic
fic2 = l*ric
nic := 4
.
*
xl = lie - aic/2 ,
x2 = lie - ric
x3 = lie
x4 = lie + ric
x5 = lie + aic/2
= bic
yl = ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 = hicl/2-ficl/2
y4 = hicl/2+ficl/2
y5 = hic/2
alpha = 0
nl = NINT(xl/ric/2)
1, 15,24
n2 - N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
, 18,26
= N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric/4)
19...23
n4 = N I N T ((y4-y3)/ric/4)
28 ...32
n5 = N I N T (<y5-y4)/ric/4)
37 ...41
t

eic >= 2.105ell

1
nuic = 0.3
i
i
= 1. 0e8

LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0

,

LOCAL,12,0,,0.0,0.0,0.0
,

csys,0
/PREP7
,1,MESH200,7
! 2D SOLID ( )
,2,SOLID95
! 3D SOLID ()
,3,MASS21,,,
R, 1
R,2, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, 1-3
! ()
MP,EX,1,eic

MP,NUXY,1,nuic

!
0.0, 0.0,
, 1,
1
, 2,
xl, 0 . 0 ,
2
2, 0 . 0 ,
, 3,
3
, 0 . 0 ,
, 4,
4 (
4 , 0 . 0 ,
, 5,
5.
5, 0 . 0 ,
, 6,

, 0 . 0 ,
, 7,
7
,
, 8,
8
yl,
0.0,
, 9,
9
2,
xl,
, ,
10
2,
,
, 11,
11
2,
5,
, 12,
12
2,
i
363
I
,13,
,
2,
,14,
0.0,
3/
,15,
xl,
,
,16,
,
,
,17,
5,
,
,18,
,
,
,19,
0.0,
4,
,20,
xl,
4,
,21,
,
4,
, 22,
5,
4,
,23,
,
4,
,24,
0.0,
5,
,25,
xl,
5/
,26,
,
5,
,27,
5,
5,
,28,
,
5,
!
L#1,2,nl,
L,2,3,4,1/2 .5
L, 3, 4
L, 4, 5
L, 5,,4,2 .5
,
L, 6,7,2
IiARC, 3,8,4, ric
LESIZE,7,,, nic
L,4,8,
LARC,8,5,4, ric
LESIZE,9,,, nic
L, 1,9,2
L, 2,10,2
L,8,11,4,2. 5
L,6,12,2
L,7,13,2
L, 9,10,nl
L,10,11,2
L,11,12,2,
L,12,13,n2
L, 9,14,n3
L, 10,15,n3
L,11,16,n3
L, 12,17,n3
L, 13,18,n3
L,14,15,nl
L,15,16,2
L,16,17,2,
L, 17,18,n2
L,14,19,n4
L , 15,20,n4
L,16,21,n4
L, 17,22, n4
L, 18,23,n4
L, 19, 20,nl
L,20,21,2
L,21,22,2
L,22,23,n2
L,19,24, n5
L,20,25,n5
L,21,26,n5
L, 22,27,n5
L,23,28,n5
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
364
42
L,24,25,nl
4 3
L,25,26,2
44
L,26,27,2
L,27,28,n2
45
!
1
AL,1,11,15,10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
2
AL, 3,8,7
3
AL,4,9,8
4
5
AL, 5,13,17,12,9
6
AL,6,14,18,13
7
AL,15,20,24,19
8
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
9
10
AL,18,23,27,22
AL,24,29,33,28
11
AL,25,30,34,29
12
AL,26,31,35,30
13
14
AL,27,32,36,31
AL,33,38,42,37
15
16
AL,34,39,43,38
17
AL,35,40,44,39
18
AL,36,41,45,40
SAVE

! ,
!
MESH200
TYPE,1
1
, 1
()

MS,,2D

MSHKEY,
I ( 4)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )

delr - ric/4
KSCON,4,delr,1,nic

( 4)

AMESH,3,4,1
3-4 ( )
MSHKEY,1

AMAP,2,8,11,2,3
2 5; 1 6; 7...18
AMAP,5,5,6,11,8
AMESH,1, 6,5
AMESH,7, 18,1
I
SAVE
!
TYPE,2
! SOLID95
!nz * N I N T (tic/ric)
I
nz = 8
I
365
EXTOPT,ACLEAR, 1
EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
VEXT,1,18,1,,,tic,1,1,1

(1-1.8)
tic Z

SAVE
!
CSYS,
GET,N0D_1,NODE,,NUM,MAX
nrigl = N0D_1+1
N,nrigl,0 .0,hicl/2,tic/2
TYPE,3
REAL,2
E,nrigl
NSEL,S,NODE,,nrigl
DOF, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0
NSEL,R,LOC,Y,y3,y4
NSEL,A,NODE,,nrigl
CM,rigid,NODE
1CERIG, MASTE, SLAVE, Ldof, Ldof2, Ldof3, Ldof4, Ldof5
!CERIG,
nrigl,
all,
ux,
uy,
uz
CERIG,
nrigl,
ALL,
UX,
UY,
ALLSEL
!
CSYS,
XZ,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y, 0 .

NSEL,R,LOC,X,,
Y
D, ALL,UY, 0 .0
ALLSEL
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Z, 0.0
XY
Z
D,ALL,UZ,0.0
ALLSEL
D,nrigl,UX,0.0,,,,UZ,

ASEL,S,,,41
SFA,ALL,1,PRES,pO

ALLSEL
!
!
D, ALL,UZ,0.0
SAVE
!
FINISH
!

!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU

ANTYPE,STATIC
SPARSE
EQSLV,SPARSE
SAVE

SOLVE
FINISH

i
()

/POST1

SET,LAST

CSYS,0
!
ni = N O D E (,0.0,zic)
ni
,
Z zic ( n_tip)
366
nj = N0DE<x2,0.0,zic)
PATH,ki,3,,48
3
nj
( )
nk
( )
() ki,
3
ni - nk
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 - /
1 - );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1 -
2 -
3 - );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0

*GET,KII,KCALC, ,K, 1
(I) KI1
(II) KI2
(III) .KI3
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
J- Z = zic ().
nji - njl j_f_l.mac
( nji - njl)
nji = N O D E (5,0.0,zic) ! nji
(1- )
njj
njj = NODE(x5,yl,zic)
(2- )
njk = NODE(xl,yl,zic)
njk
(3- )
njl = NODE(xl,0.0,zic)
njl
(4- )
eicl - e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic)) !
!
j f 1, nji, njj ,njk, njl
j_f_l.mac
( nji - njl),
JINT_F
(1) J-
KI1J
! (2.15)
alfa = (/)
pi = 3.1415926
yr - SQRT(alfa/(1-alfa)**3)*3.4 94*(1.0-3.396*alfa+5.839*alfa**2)
pb = 2 * (p0*tic*aic)
KI6 = (pb*x6)*yr/tic/SQRT()
! (2.16)
lr = /
yr = 6*SQRT(lr)
yr = y r * (1,93-3.07*lr+14.5*(lr**2)-25.1*(lr**3)+25.8* (lr**4))
KI4 = pb*yr/(2*tic)/SQRT(x6)
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
______________________________
____
I II
!
!
!
J
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
I
1 I I 1 I
I t II
I I I I II
I II
II
I 1 II
II
1 I 1 1 I \I \\I I
1 1 1 11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

( () J-)

( , ).
(. . 2.120):
;
1 = (0. 20...0.60) ;
tm = (0 .25...0.50) bm ;
lb = 3.00*bm
;
1 = 4.0*bm
.
dm = 0.65bm
;
hm * (0 0...0.20)bm .
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KI1 - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - nji).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
! () . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
!!! 1I !! I !!!!!!!! I !!!! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1!!! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1! I ! !

!/CONFIG,NPROC,2
! Jobname
/FILNAME,Model_4,1
/TITLE,Mode1_4
*AFUN,DEG
= 1.0
hie 4.0*bic
hicl = 3.0*bic
tic * 0.2*bic
lie = 0.4*bic
! Jobname = Model_4
! ( Model_4)
!

!
!

!
!
!
!
!
368
die
zic
0.65*bic
0.5*tic
I
ric = 0.05*lic
aic = 8*ric
!
! Z- ,
I J-

!

nic 4
xl - lie - aic/2
x2 * lie - ric
x3 = lie
x4 = lie + ric
x5 = lie + aic/2
** bic
x7 = bic/2
yl = ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 * hicl/2
y4 = hic/2
alfa = asin(aic/dic)
alpha = 0
n2 = 2*NINT((-5)/ric/) ! 6,18,26
!nl NINT(xl/ric/2)
nl = n2
! 1,15,24
N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric/4)
n3
! 19,23
n4
n3+nl
! 20...23
n5
nl/2
! 26...30
i

eic = 2 .105ell
!
nuic * 0.3
!
t
pO = 1.0e8
!
fyl - tic*dic*p0

LOCAL,11,1,7,,0.0,0.0

LOCAL,12,0,7,,0.0,0.0

CSYS,0
/PREP7
,1,MESH200,7
! 2D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
! 3D SOLID ()
,3,MASS21, , ,
R,1
R,2, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, 1-3, IE-3, 1-3
()
MP,EX,1,eic ,

MP,NUXY,1,nuic

!
0.0, 0.0,
, 1,
1
, 2,
2
xl, 0.0,
2, 0.0,
, 3,
3
, 0.0,
, 4,
4 ( )
4, 0.0,
, 5,
5
5, 0.0,
, ,

, 7,
, 0.0,
7
,
, 8,
8

! 9
, 9, 0.0,
2,
! 10
,10,
xl,
2,
.! 11
,11,
,
2,
! 12
,12,
5,
2,
! 13
,13,
,
2,
,14,x7-dic*sin(alfa)/2, -dic*cos(alfa)/2
,15,x7,y3~dic/2,
! 15
,16,x7+dic*sin(alfa)/2, -dic*cos(alfa)/2
! 17
,17,
0.0,
,
! 18
,18,x7-dic/2,,
! 19
,19,x7+dic/2,,
! 20
,20,
,
,
! 21
,21,
0.0,
4,
,22,
7,
4,
! 22
! 23
,23,
,
4,
! 24
,24,
x7,y3+dic/2,
! 25
, 25,
7,
,
'
!
! 1
L, 1, 2, nl,
! 2
L,2,3,4,1/2.5
! 3
L, 3, 4
! 4
L, 4, 5
! 5
L, 5, 6, 4, 2 .5
!
L, 6, 7,2
! 7
LARC,3,8,4,ric
LESIZE,7 t ,,nic
! 8
L f4, 8,
! 9
LARC,8,5,4,ric
LESIZE,9,,,nic
! 10
L, 1,9,2
! 11
L, 2,10,2
! 12
L,8,11,4,2.5
! 13
L,6,12,2
L/7,13,2
! 14
! 15
L,9,10,nl
! 16
L,10,11,2
L,11,12,2,
! 17
! 18
L, 12,13, n2
! 19
L,9,17,n3
! 20
L,10,14,n4
! 21
L,11,15,n4
! 22
L,12,16,n4
! 23
L, 13,20,n3
L, 17,18,nl
! 24
! 25
L, 19,20,nl
L,17,21,n5
! 26
! 27
L,24,22,nl
L, 20,23,n5
! 28
L,21,22,n5
\ 29
! 30:
L,22,23,n5
LARC,18,14,25,dic/2
! 31
LESIZE,31,,,nl
! 32
LARC,14,15,25,dic/2
LESIZE,32,,,2
! 33
LARC,15,16,25,dic/2
LESIZE,33,,,2
! 34
LARC,16,19,25,dic/2
LESIZE,34,,,nl
! 14
! 16
369
370
LARC, 1 9 , 2 4 , 2 5 , d i c / 2
35
LESIZE, 3 5 , , , nl
36
LARC, 2 4 , 1 8 , 2 5 , d i c / 2
LESIZE, 3 6 , ,,nl
!
1
AL, 1 , 1 1 , 1 5 , 1 0
AL, 2 , 7 , 1 2 , 1 6 , 1 1
2
AL, 3 , 8 , 7
3
AL, 4,9,8
4
5
AL, 5 , 1 3 , 1 7 , 1 2 , 9
AL, 6 , 1 4 , 1 8 , 1 3
6
7
AL, 1 5 , 2 0 , 3 1 , 2 4 , 1 9
AL, 1 6 , 2 1 , 3 2 , 2 0
8
AL, 1 7 , 2 2 , 3 3 , 2 1
9
10
AL, 1 8 , 2 3 , 2 5 , 3 4 , 2 2
11
AL, 2 4 , 3 6 , 2 7 , 2 9 , 2 6
12
AL, 2 5 , 2 8 , 3 0 , 2 7 , 3 5
SAVE

! ,
!
TYPE,1
MESH200
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

MSHKEY,0

( 4)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,4,delr,1,nic

( 4)
AMESH,3,4,1

3-4
( )
MSHKEY,1

AMAP,2,8,11,2,3

AMAP,5,5,6,11,8
2 5; 1 6; 8-9
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,8,9,1
AMAP, 11,24, 22, 17, 18

AMAP, 12, 19, 20, 22, 24
11 12
VEXT,1,12,1,,,tic,,,
(1-12)
LCCAT,19,24
LCCAT,23,25
AMESH,7

AMESH, 10
7 10
SAVE

371
I sweep
SOLID95
TYPE,2
!nz = NINT(tic/ric)

nz = 8

EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
ESIZE,,nz
VSWEEP,all,, ,
!
SAVE
l
CSYS,11
*GET,NOD_l,NODE,,NUM,MAX
nrigl NOD_l+l
N,nrigl,0.0,0.0,0.0
TYPE,3
REAL,2
E,nrigl
NSEL,S,NODE,,nrigl
DOF,ROTX,ROTY,ROTZ
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,X,dic/2
NSEL,A,NODE,,nrigl
CM,rigid,NODE
CERIG,nrigl,ALL,UX,UY,
ALLSEL
CSYS,0
!
CSYS,0
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
XZ,

NSEL,R,LOC,X,x3,x6
D,ALL,UY, 0.0
Y
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0
,
XY
Z
D,ALL,UZ,0.0
ALLSEL
F,nrigl,FY,fyl
D,nrigl,UX,0.0,,,,UZ,,
!
!
d,all,uz,0.0
SAVE
!
FINISH
!
!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU

ANTYPE,STATIC

EQSLV,SPARSE
SPARSE
SAVE

SOLVE

FINISH

()
/POST1

SET,LAST

CSYS,0
!
! Z * zic () ni - nk
372
ni = N O D E (,0.0,zic)
nj = N O D E (2,0.,zic)
PATH,ki,3, ,48
, 4
ni
,
Z = zic ( ri_tip)
nj
( )
nk
( )
() ki,
3
ni - nk
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH, 3,nk
()
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 - /
1 - );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1 -
2 -
3 - );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0

*GET,KII,KCALC,,,1
(1) KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,K,2
(II) KI2
(III) KI3
J- Z * zic ()
nji - njl j_f_l.mac
( nji - njl)
! nji
(1- )
njj - NODE(x5,yl,zic)
njj
(2- )
njk
njk * NODE(xl,yl,zic)
(3- )
njl = NODE(xl,0.0,zic)
njl
(4- )

j, njk, njl
j_f_l.mac

( nji - njl),
JINT_F
(I) J -
KI1J
! (2.17)
1 = /
yr - SQRT(lr)
yr * yr* (1. 99-0.41*lr+1.87* (lr**2) -38.5* (lr**3) 4-53. 8* (lr**4) )
pb * 2*fyl
KI4 - pb*yr/(2*tic)/SQRT(x6)
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

( () J-)

( , ).
(. . 2.126):
bm
lm - (0.45...0 .55) ;
tm - 0.5bm
;
cb - 1.25bm
;
hb - 1.20bm
;
fb = 0.55bm
;
jb * (0.25...0.45)bm ;
kb - 0.0 6bm
;
dm = 0.25bm
.
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KI1 - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - nji).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1! 1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
Jobname
/FILNAME,Mode1_5,1
/TITLE,Model_5
!
*AFUN,DEG
!
bic 1.0
cic 1.25*bic
hie = 1.2*bic
hicl = 0.55*bic
Jobname * Model_5
( Model_5)

!
!

374
tic
lie
die
zic
0.25*bic
0. 5*bic
0.25*bic
0.5*tic

Z- ,
J-

ric = 0.025*lic
me = 4
xl = eic
x2
x3
x4
x5
=
=
=
*

x7 *
yl =
xl
xl
- bic
+ lie + lie + lie
+ lie +
+ lie +
+ bic
aic/2
ric
xl
xl
ric
xl
aic/2
xl
ric
y2 = aic/2
= hicl/2
4 = hic/2
alpha =
n2 = 2*NINT((y4-y3)/ric/)
6,18,26
nl = n2
1,15,24
= NINT ((7-6)/ric/4)
19,23
n4 = N I N T ( (x2-xl)/ric/4)
20...23
n5 n4+nl
20...23
= nl/2
2 6...30
i

eic = 2.105ell
!
nuic = 0 . 3
!
t
pO *= 1.0e8

fyl - tic*dic*p0

LOCAL,11,1,xl,, 0.0, 0.0

LOCAL,12,0,xl,,0.0,0.0

CSYS,
/PREP7
,1,MESH200,7
2D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
3D SOLID ()
,3,MASS21,,,
R, 1
R,2, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, 1-3
! ()
MP,EX,1,eic

MP,NUXY,1,nuic

1
1
, 1, 0.0, 0.0,
xl, 0.0,
2
, 2,
2, 0.0,
.3
, 3,
, 0.0,
4
, 4,
4, 0.0,
, 5,
5 ( )
5, 0.0,
6
, ,

, 7,
, 0.0,
, 8,
7, 0.0,
, 9,
4,
1,
, 10,
0.0,
2,
,11,
1, 2,
,12,
2,
2,
, 13,
4,
2,
, 14,
,
2,
, 15,
7,
2,
,16,
xl,y3-dic/2,
,17,
0.0,
,
,18,xl-dic/2,,
,19,
xl, ,
, 20,xl+dic/2,,
, 21,
2,
,
,22,
4,
,
, 23,
,
,
, 24,
7,
,
,25,
xl,y3+dic/2,
,26, 0.0,
4,
,27,
xl ,
4,
,28,
2,
4,
,29, 4,
4,
, 30,
,
4,
, 31, 7 ,
4,
!
L, 1,2,
L, 2,3,4
L,3,4,4,1/2.5
L, 4, 5
L, 5,6
L, 6, 7, 4, 2.5
L, 7,8,
LARC,4,9,5, ric
LESIZE,8,,,nic
L, 5, 9,
LARC,9,6,5,ric
LESIZE,10,,,nic
L,1,10,2
L,2,11,2
L,3,12,2
L,9,13,4,2.5
L,7,14,2
L,8,15,2
L, 10,11,n6
L, 11,12,n4
L,12,13,2
L,13,14, 2
L,14,15,n3
L,10,17,n6
L, 11,16,nl
L,12,21,nl
L,13,22,nl
L,14,23,nl
L,15,24,nl
LARC,18,16,19,dic/2
LESIZE,28,,,nl
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
,7
8
9
! 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
375
376
LARC,16,20, 19,dic/2
! 29
LESIZE,29,, nl
L,17,18,nl
30
31
L,20,21,n5
L,21,22,2
32
L, 22,23,2
33
L, 23,24,n3
34
35
LARC,18,25, 19,dic/2
LESIZE,35,, /nl
LARC,25,20, 19,dic/2
! 36
LESIZE,36,, ,nl
L,17,26,n6
37
L, 25,27,nl
38
L, 21,28,n2
39
L, 22,29,n2
40
L,23,30,n2
41
L,24,31,n2
42
L,26,27,n6
43
L,27,28,n4
44
L,28,29,2
45
L,29,30,2
46
L,30,31,n3
47
!
AL,1,12,17,11
1
AL,2,13,18,12
2
AL,3,8,14,19,13
3
AL, 4,9,8
4
AL,5,10,9
5
AL,6,15,20,14,10
6
AL,7,16,21,15
7
AL,17,23,28,30,22
8
AL,18,24,31,29,23
9
AL,19,25,32,24
10
AL,20,26,33,25
11
AL,21,27,34,26
12
AL,30,35,38,43,37
13
AL,31,39,44,38,36
14
AL,32,40,45,39
15
AL,33,41,46,40
16
AL,34,42,47,41
17
SAVE

! ,
!
TYPE,1
MESH200
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

MSHKEY,0

( 5)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
377
KCTIP ( /

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )

delr = ric/4

KSCON,5,delr,1,nic
( 5)

AMESH,4,5,1
4-5
( )

MSHKEY, 1

AMAP,3,9,13, 3,4

AMAP,6,6, 7,13, 9
AMESH,1,2,1
AMESH, 7
AMESH,10,12,1
AMESH,15,17,1

AMAP,8,16,11,17,18
8 13
AMAP,13,18,17, 27, 25
(1-17)
VEXT,1,17,1,,,tic,,,
LCCAT,18,23
LCCAT,44, 38

AMESH, 9
9 14
AMESH,14

SAVE
! sweep
! SOLID95
TYPE,2
!nz = NINT(tic/ric)

nz = 8

EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz

ESIZE,,nz
VSWEEP,all,,,

SAVE
!
CSYS,11
*GET,NOD_l,NODE,,NUM,MAX
nrigl = NOD__l+l
N,nrigl,0.0,0.0,0 .0
TYPE,3
REAL, 2
E,nrigl
NSEL,S,NODE,,nrigl
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,X,dic/2
NSEL,A,NODE,,nrigl
CM,rigid,NODE
CERIG,nrigl,ALL,UX,UY,
ALLSEL
CSYS,0
!
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
XZ,
NSEL,R,LOC,X,x4,x7

D,ALL,UY,0.0

378
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0
,
XY
Z
D,ALL,UZ,0.0
ALLSEL
F, nrigl,FY,fyl
D, nrigl,UX,0.0,,,,UZ,,
!
!
D ,ALL,U Z,0.0
SAVE
!
!
FINISH

!!!!!!!!!!
!
/SOLU
!
ANTYPE,STATIC
! SPARSE
EQSLV,SPARSE
!
SAVE
!
SOLVE
!
FINISH
I
()
!
/POST1
!
SET,LAST
!
CSYS,0
!
ni ~ N O D E (4,0.0,zic)
ni
,
Z = zic ( n_tip)
nj - N O D E (,0.0, zic)
nj
( )
nk = N O D E (2,0.0,zic)
nk
( )
() ki,
PATH,ki,3,,48
3
PPATH,1,ni
ni - nk
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
KCALC:
PLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0
!

*G,KI1,KCALC,,K,1
(I> KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
(II) KI2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
(III) KI3
J- Z - z i c ()
nji - nji j_f_l.mac
( nji - nji)
9
379
nji
(1- )
njj = N O D E (,yl,zic)
njj
(2- )
njk
njk = NODE(x2,yl,zic)
(3- )
njl - NODE(x2,0.0,zic)
njl
(4- )
eicl * eic /(1-(nuic*nuic)) !
!
j_f_l.mac
j_f_l/nji,nj j ,nj k,nj1
( nji - njl),
JINT__F
(1) J-
KI1J SQRT(eicl*JINT)
KI1J
! (2.19)
alfa - (x4-xl)/ (7~1)
pi 3.1415926
yr = SQRT(alfa/(1-alfa)**3)*(9.172-13.829*alfa+11.822*alfa**2-3.056*alfa**3)
pb = 2*fyl
KI6 = pb*yr/(2*tic)/SQRT(x7-xl)
nji = N O D E (,0.0, zic)
/DSCALE,1,20
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
6
-
! ! ; ; I I ; ; j j ! ! I ! I j I I I ! ; I ! ! ! I j ! ; I I I I t I I I I j j I I ; I ; ; I ; I ; j ; j ; j j I I j

( () J-)
-
( , ).
(. . 2.132):
;
wb

xb = 0.50wb
;
xml = 0.75wb
;
tm 0. 5wb
;
rml = l.OOwb
rm2 = 2.OOwb
;
;
rm3 = 0.125wb
rm4 1.7 5wb
;
lm = 0.50wb
;
jb * (0.25...0.45) bm
,
,

, 1/4 .
. KI1 - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - nji).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!/CONFIG,NPROC,2
! Jobname
/FILNAME,Model_6,1
/TITLE,Mode1_6
!
*AFUN,DEG
!
bic = 1 . 0
b i d * 1.75*bic
hie * 4.0*bic
riel = 1.0*bic
! Jobname - Model_6
! ( Model_6)
!

!
!

!
I
!
!

ric2 2.0*bic
ric3 * 0.125*bic
ric4 - 1.75*bic
tic = 0.25*bic
lie 0.4*bic
zic
0.5*tic
aic == 8*ric
381
!
!
!
!
!
! Z- ,
! J-

!
!
!
!
!
Xl ~ 0.25*bic
x2 - 0.5*bic
x3 riel
x4 * riel + lie - aic/2
x5 = riel + lie - ric
- riel + lie
x7 = riel + lie + ric
x8 riel + lie + aic/2
x9 - ric2
xlO = 1.4*ricl - aic/2
xll =*= 1.4*ricl
xl2 - 1.4*ricl + aic/2
yl - ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 = ricl*SIN(ACOS(xl/ricl))
y4 ric4*SIN(ACOS(x2/ric2))
y5 hic/2
alfal = 52
alfa2 67
alpha = 0
xklO - ricl*COS(ASIN((y2)/ (riel)))
yklO = y2
xkl4 *= ric2*C0S(ASIN((y2) / (ric2) ) )
ykl4 * y2
xkl5 = ricl*COS(alfal)
ykl5 = ricl*SIN(alfal)
xkl9 ric2*C0S(alfa2)
ykl9 = ric2*SIN(alfa2)
1_r - SQRT((xkl9~xkl5)**2+(ykl9-ykl5)**2)
alfa_r * A T A N ((ykl9-ykl5)/ (xkl9-xkl5))
xkl6 xkl5+l_r*C0S(alfa_r)*((xlO-)/(x9-x3))
ykl6 = ykl5+l_r*SIN (alfa__r) * ((xl0-x3) / (x9-x3))
xkl7 - xkl5+l_r*C0S(alfa_r)* ( (xll-x3)/ (x9-x3))
ykl7 * ykl5+l_r*SIN (alfa_r) * ((xll-x3) / (x9-x3))
xkl8 = xkl5+l_r*COS(alfa_r)* ( (xl2-x3)/ (x9-x3))
ykl8 - ykl5+l_r*SIN(alfa_r)* ( (xl2-x3)/ (x9-x3))
xk20 = xl
yk20 = y3
xk24 = xl
yk24 * y5
1_r - SQRT((xk24-xk20)**2+(yk24-yk20)**2)
alfa_r * 90
xk21 = xk20+l_r*COS(alfa_r)* ( (xl0-x3)/ (x9-x3))
yk21 = yk20+l_r*SIN(alfa_r)*((xl0-x3)/(x9-x3))
xk22 = xk20+l_r*COS(alfa_r)* ( (xll-x3)/ (x9-x3))
yk22 = yk20+l r*SIN(alfa r)* ( (xll-x3)/ (x9-x3))
382
23
23
nl 2 =
-
= xk20+l_r*COS(alfa_r)* ( (12-)/ (9-))

= yk20+l_r*SIN(alfa_r)* ( (12-)/ (9-))
N I N T ((4-)/ric)
! 6,18,26
! 1,15,24
3*1
NINT(nl/2)
I

!
eic = 2 .10511
nuic = 0.3
! .
I

= 1.0e8
fyl = 2*tic*ric3*p0

LOCAL,11,1,2,4, 0.0, 0 ,0

LOCAL,12,0,2,4,0.0, 0.0

CSYS,0
/PREP7
,1,MESH200, 7
! 2D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
! 3D SOLID ()
ET,3,MASS21,,,
R,1
R,2, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3, IE-3
1 ()
MP,EX,1,eic

MP,NUXY,1,nuic

!
0.0 0.0,
1
, 1/
, 2,
0.0,
2
4 0.0,
3
, 3,
5 0.0,
4
, 4,
0.0,
5 (
, 5,
, 6,
7 0.0,
6
, 7,
8 0.0,
7
, 8,
9 0.0,
8
, 9, ,
9
yi,
, 10, ,
10
4
11
, 11/
2
, 12,
12
2/
8
13
, 13,
2,
, 14, 14 14,
14
15
, 15, 15 15,
16
, 16, 16 16,
17
, 17, 17 17,
, 18, 18 18,
18
, 19, 19 19,
19
, 20, 20 20,
20
21
, 21, 21 21,
, 22, 22 22,
22
, 23, 23 23,
23
, 24, 24 24,
24
CSYS, 12
26 = ric3/SQRT((23) **2+(23) **2)
~ 27 - ric3/SQRT((18) * *2+(18) **2)
28 = ric3/SQRT((19) **2+ (19) **2)
29 = ric3/SQRT((24) **2+(24) **2)
0.0,
25
, 25, 0.0,
26
, 26, 26* (23)
27*(23)
27
, 27, 27* (18) /_ 2 7*(18)
-
,28,_28*(19),_28*(19)
,29,k_29*kx(24),k_29*ky(24)
CSYS,
!
L, 2, 3, nl,
L,3,4,4,1/2.5
L, 4, 5
L, 5, 6
L, 6, 7, 4, 2 ,5
L, 7,8,nl
LARC,4,9,5,ric
LESIZE,7,,,nic
L,5,9,
LARC,9,6,5,ric
LESIZE,9,,,nic
LARC,2,10,1, riel
LESIZE,10,,, 2
L,3,11,2
L,9,12,4,2.5
L,7,13,2
LARC,8,14,1,ric2
LESIZE,14,,,2
L,10,11,nl
L, 11,12,2
L,12,13,2
L,13,14,nl
LARC,10,15,l,x3
LESIZE,19,,,n2
LARC,11,16,1,x4
LESIZE,20,,,n2
LARC,12,17,1,
LESIZE,21,,,n2
LARC,13,18,l,x8
LESIZE,22,,,n2
LARC,14,19,1,x9
LESIZE,23,,,n2
L,15,16,nl
L,16,17,2
L,17,18,2
L,18,19,nl
LARC,15,20,l,x3
LESIZE,28,,,nl
LARC,16,21,1,x4
LESIZE,29,,,nl
LARC,17,22,1,
LESIZE,30,,,nl
LARC,18,23,1, x8
LESIZE,31,,,nl
LARC,19,24,1,x9
LESIZE,32,,,nl
L,20,21,nl,
L,21,22,2
L,22,23,2,
L,23,24,nl
L,23,26,n3
L,18,27,n3
L,19,28,n3
L,24,29,n3
LARC,26,27,25,ric3
! 28
! 29
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
! 8
! 9
1 10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
! 23
24
25
26
27
28
! 29
! 30
31
! 32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
383
384
LESIZE,41,,,nl
! 42
LARC,27,28,25,ric3
LESIZE,42,,,nl
! 43
LARC,28,29,25,ric3
LESIZE,43,,, nl
! 44
LARC,29,26,25,ric3
LESIZE,44,,/nl
!
! 1
AL,1,11,15,10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
! 2
AL,3,8,7
! 3
AL,4,9,8
! 4
! 5
AL, 5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
! 6
! 7
AL,15,20,24,19
! 8
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
! 9
! 10
AL,18,23,27,22
! 11
AL,24,29,33,28
AL,25,30,34,29
! 12
! 13
AL,26,31,35,30
AL,31,38,41,37
! 14
! 15
AL,27,39,42,38
! 16
AL,32,40,43,39
! 17
AL,36,37,44,40
SAVE
I
! ,
!
TYPE,1
! MESH200
, 1
! 1
! ()
MSHAPE,0,2D
!
!
MSHKEY,0
!
!
! ( 5)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,5,delr,1,nic

( 5)
AMESH,3,4,1

3-4 ( )
MSHKEY,1

AMAP,2,9,12, 3,4

AMAP, 5, 6, 7,12, 9

AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,17,1
!
TYPE,2
! S0LID95
-
!nz = NINT(tic/ric)
nz = 8
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
VEXT,1,17,1,,,tic,1,1,1 ! (1-17)
! tic Z
SAVE
!
!
CSYS,11
GET,N0D_1,NODE,,NUM,MAX
nrigl = N0D_1+1
N,nrigl,0.0,0.0, 0.0
TYPE,3
REAL,2
E,nrigl
NSEL,S,NODE,,nrigl
ALLSEL
ASEL,S,,,67,75,4
ASEL,A,,,78
NSLA,S,1
NSEL,A,NODE,,nrigl
CM,rigid,NODE
CERIG, nrigl,ALL, UX, UY1,
ALLSEL
CSYS,0
!
XZ,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0

NSEL,R,LOC,X,,9
Y
D, ALL,UY,0 .0
ALLSEL
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0
XY
Z
D, ALL, UZ,0.0
ALLSEL
F,nrigl,FY,fyl
D,nrigl,UX,0.0,,,,UZ,,
!
!
D, ALL,UZ, 0.0
SAVE
!
FINISH
!
!!!!!!!! I!

/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC

SPARSE
EQSLV,SPARSE
SAVE

SOLVE
FINISH

i
()
!
/POST1
SET,LAST
!
!
CSYS,0
!
! Z * zic () ni - nk
ni = n o d e (,0.0,zic)
! ni
,
Z = zic ( n_tip)
385
386
nj - node(x5,0.0,zic)
nk = node(x4,0.0,zic)
PATH,ki,3,,48
6
nj
( )
nk
( )
() ki,
3
ni - nk
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,0

*GET,KI1,KCALC,,,1
(I) KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,K,2
(II) KI2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
(III) KI3
J- Z = zic ()
nji - nji j_f_l.mac
( nji - nji)
nji = NODE (8,0.0,zic) ! nji
(1 )
njj = NODE(x8,yl,zic)
njj
(2- )
njk = NODE(x4,yl,zic)
njk
(- )
nji = NODE(x4,0.0,zic)
nji
(4- )
eicl = e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic)) !
!
j_f_l.mac
j_f_l,nji,njj,njk, nji
( nji - nji),
JINT_F
(1) J-
KI1J
! (2,20)
alfa = (-)/ (9-)
fun = SQRT(alfa)*(3.74-6.30*alfa+6.32*alfa**2-2.43*alfa**3)
fun = fun/ (1-alfa)**1.5
r = (3*(0.5*(x9-x3))/ (x9-x3)+1.9+1.l*alfa)*(1+0.25*((1-alfa)**2)*(l-ricl/ric2))*fun
pb = 2*fyl
KI4 = pb*yr/(2*tic)/SQRT(x9-x3)
/DSCALE,1,50
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!

( () J-)

( ).
(. . 2.138):
db
;
dbl - (0 .60...0.70) db ;
lb = 5.0db
.
,

, 1/4 .
KII - KI3.
J- j_f_l.mac,
( nji - njl ).
J- JINT,
(),' J-,
KI1J.
I!
j I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I ! I
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
Jobname
/FILNAME,Model_7,1
/TITLE,Model_7
*AFUN,DEG
bic = 1.0
hie - 4.0*bic
lie = 0.65*bic
ric - 0.05*lic
t
aic = 8*ric
nic ** 4
xl * lie - aic/2
1 II
I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
! Jobname * Model_7
! ( Model_7)
!

!
!

!
!
!

!
!
!
!
!
388
2 lie - ric
= lie
4 * lie + ric
x5 = lie + aic/2
= bic
yl - ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 - hic/2
alpha = 0
nl NINT(xl/ric/2)
1,15, 2.4
n2 = NINT ((x6-x5)/ric/2)
6,18,26
n3 = N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric/4)
19...23

eic = 2.105ell
!
!
nuic * 0.3
i
!
pO = 1.0e8
\

LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0
,

LOCAL,12,0,,0.0, 0.0, 0.0

,

CSYS,0
/PREP7
,1,PLANE82,,,1
! 2D SOLID (,
! )
R/1
! ()
,EX,1,eic

MP,NUXY,l,nuic

!
1,
0.0, 0.0,
1
2,
xl, 0.0,
2
3,
2, 0.0,
3
4,
, 0.0,
4 ( )
5,
4, 0.0,
5
6,
6
5, 0.0,
7,
7
, 0.0,
8,
8
,
9
9,
0.0,
2,
,
xl,
10
2/
11,
,
11
2/
12,
5,
12
y2 1
13,
,
13
y2 1
14,
0.0,
14
,
15,
15
xl,
,
16,
,
16
,
17,
17
5,
,
18,
,
18
,
1
L 1,2, nl,
1
L 2,3, 4,1/2 .5
2
L 3,4
3
L 4,5
4
L 5,6, 4,2.5
5
L 6,7, 2
6
LARC, 3,8,4, ric

1ESIZE,7,,,nic
8
t,4,8,
9
LARC,8,5,4,ric
XESIZE,9,, ,nic
10
L,1,9,2
L , 2,10,2
11
12
i , 8,11,4,2.5
1,6,12,2
13
14
*,7,13,2
15
X, 9,10, nl
16
t , 10,11,2 .
17
t, 11,12,2
18
L, 12,13,n2
t, 9,14,n3
19
20
L,10,15,n3
21
t , 11,16,n3
22
Xi, 12,17,n3
23
fc, 13,18,n3
24
L,14,15,nl
25
't,15,16,2
26
1,16,17,2
27
L,17,18,n2
!
1
AL,1,11,15,10
2
AL,2,7,12,16,11
3
AL, 3,8,7
4
AL,4,9,8
5
AL, 5,13,17,12,9
AL, 6,14,18,13
6
7
AL, 15, 20,24,19
8
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
9
;AL,18,23,27,22
10

SAVE
!
!
PLANE82
TYPE,1
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

^
MSHKEY,

! ( 4)
!
! , 1/4
! : KSCON,NPT,DELR,KCTIP,NTHET,RRAT
! KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr - r i c / 4
!
KSCON,4,delr,1,nic
!
389
390
AMESH, 3,4,1
7
( 4)

3-4 ( )

MSHKEY,1
AMAP,2,8,11,2,3
AMAP,5,5,6,11,8
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1
!
SAVE
!
CSYS,0
XZ,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0

NSEL,R,LOC,X,0,x3
Y
D,ALL,UY,0.0
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,X ,0.0
,
YZ
X
D,ALL,UX,0.0
ALLSEL

LSEL,S,LOC,Y,hic/2

SFL,
ALL,PRES,-p0
ALLSEL

SAVE
FINISH

!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC

EQSLV,SPARSE
SPARSE
SAVE

SOLVE
FINISH

i
()
/POST1

SET,LAST
csys,0

!
ni = N O D E (,0.0,0.0)
ni
,
Z = zic ( n_tip)
nj = N O D E (4,0.0,0.0)
nj ,
( )
nk
nk = N O D E (5,0.0,0.0)
( )
() ki,
PATH,ki,3,,48
3
PPATH,1,ni
ni - nk
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
()
: ALC,KPLAN,,SYM,KLOCPR
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 - /
1 - );
( );
KCSYM ( :
*
391
, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR < )

KCALC,0,1,0

(1) KI1
*GET,Kll,KCALC,,K,1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,K,2
(II) KI2
(III) KI3
GET,KI3,KCALC,,K, 3
! J- Z = zic ()
! nji - nji j_f_l.mac
! ( nji - nji)
nji
nji - NODE(xl,0.0,0.0)
(1- )
njj
njj - NODE(xl,yl, 0.0)
(2- )
njk
njk NODE(x5,yl,0.0)
(3- )
nji
nji = NODE(x5,0.0, 0.0)
(4- )
eicl = eic/(1-(nuic*nuic)) !
! '
j_f_l.mac
j_f_lf nj i ,nj j,njk, nj1
( nji nji),
JINT__F
(1) J-
KI1J
(2.21)
s =E 0
lr /
yr = 0.7978*SCPX(lr*(1-(l-2*s/(2*))*lr))*(1+SCFT(1+3*(2*s/(2*6)))* ((/)-1))**2
* = yr/SQRT(1+(2*s/(2*)-0,8012) *1)
pb * 0*3,1415*6**2
KI4 - pb*yr/(2*6)/SQRT(2*)
yr * S Q R T ((1-1)/1**3)*(0.7961+0.453*1r+0.978*lr**2+0.284*lr**3)
KI5 * */((2*6)**1.5)
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
t!!!;!!!!!!!!!!!!! tIj ! [!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

( () J -)

( , ).
: 0 < alpha < 70 .
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KII - KI3.
J- jin_f.mac,
( nji - njn).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I I I
I I
I I I I I I t I I I f I I I I I I I I I 1 11 I I 1 1
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
Jobname
/FILNAME,Model 8,1
t I I 1 t I I I I I I I II
I I
Jobname = Model__8
( Model_8)
/TITLE,Model_8

!!!!!!!!!!

*AFUN,DEG

bic 15e-3
()
hie * 6*bic
()
hic2 = hic/2
()
tic = l*bic
()
alpha = 45
(.)

licb 0.3*bic

( ) ()
lie licb/COS(alpha)
()
ric = 0.075*licb

()
aic = 4*ric

()
393
()
() ()
()
() ()
()

Z- (),
J-
I I I I I I I I

/PREP7
!
!
! 2D SOLID ()
,1,PLANE82
! 3D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
! ()
,EX,1,eic

,NUXV,1,nuic

xl
1
aic2 aic/2
eic = 2 .105ell
nuic = 0.3
st * 9e8
pO * 0.1*st
nic = 4
zic = 0.5*tic
yi
-licb
-lie*SIN(alpha)
-licb
-lic*SIN(alpha)
-licb
4 hic/2
bic-licb
x5
5 hic/2
bic-licb
-hic/2
y6
x7
-licb
7 -hic/2
!
,l,xl,yl,0
, 2, 2, 2, 0
, 3,,,0
, 4, 4,4,0
,5,5,5,0
, , ,,0
,7,7,7,0
LOCAL,11,1,xl,yl,0,alpha
x2
2
y3
x4
! 2
3
( 2)
4
5
! 6
! 7
1 ( )
2
3
4
5

7

,

,

11
CSYS,11
,8,ric,180,
8
9 ( 8)
,9,ric,180,0
,10,ric,90,0
10
,11,ric,0,0
11
, 12, ric,-90,0
12
1 ()
L,8,12
2 ()
L,12,11
3 ()
L,11,10
4 ()
L,10,9
!
CSYS,12
! 12
394
13,-aic2,0,0
14,~aic2,0,0
15,-aic2,aic2,0
16,0, aic2, 0
17,aic2,aic2,0
18,aic2,0,0
8
!
!
!
!
!
!
13
14 ( 13)
15
16
17
18
19,aic2,-aic2,0
1 19
20,0,-aic2,0
! 20
21,-aic2,-aic2,0
! 21
CSYS, 0
!
L 13,21
! 5
L 21,20
! 6
L 20,19
! 7
L 19,18
! 8
L 18,17
! 9
L 17,16
! 10
L 16,15
! 11
L 15,14
! 12
L 1 /8
! 13
L 1,9
! 14 ( 13)
L 1,10
! 15
L 1, 11
! 16
L 1, 12
! 17
L 8,13
! 18
L 9,14
! 19 ( 18)
L 10,16
! 20
L 11,18
! 21
L 12,20
! 22
1

L 13,2
! 23
L 14,3
! 24
1

22,xl,hic2,0
! 22
23,xl,-hic2,0
! 23
24, 4, K Y (21)-((21) -4)*TAN(alpha),0 ! 24
25,4,K Y (15)-( (15) -4)*TAN(alpha),0 ! 25
*IF,alpha,GT,5, THEN
alpha > 5 .
rl = (x5-KX(18))/SIN(alpha)

r2 (x5-KX(19))/SIN(alpha)

r3 = (x5-KX(17))/SIN(alpha)

K,26,x5,KY(18)+rl*(1-COS(alpha)),0
26
K,27,x5,KY(19)+r2*(l-COS(alpha)),0
27
K,28,x 5 , K Y (17)+r3*(1-COS(alpha)),0
28
L, 21,24
25
L,15,25
2 6
LARC,18,26,6, rl
27 ( 18 26)
LARC,19,27, 6, r2
28 ( 19 27)
LARC,17,28,6,r3
2 9 ( 17 28)
*ELSE
alpha
K,26,x5,KY(18),0
26
K,27,x5,KY(19),0
27
K,28,x5,KY(17),0
28
L,21,24
25
L, 15,25
26
L, 18,26
27 ( )
L,19,27
28 ( )
395
L,17,28
[ 29 ( )'
*ENDIF
! IF-THEN-ELSE
!
3
L,3,25
31
L,25,4
3 2
L,4,22
33
L,22,5
34
L,28,5
35
L,28,26
36
L,26,27
37
L,27,6
3 8
L,6,23
3 9
L, 23, 7
L,24,7
4
41
L, 24,2
! ()
29
, 29, (16) - ( (16) -*4) *alpha/360,hic2/6,0
30
,30,xl-(xl-x4)*alpha/360,hic2/2, 0
31
,31, (20)+(5-(20))*alpha/360,-hic2/6,0
32
,32,xl+(x5-xl)*alpha/360, -hic2/2, 0
!
! ( 42 43, )
BSPLIN, 16,29,30,22, ,,SIN (alpha) ,-COS (alpha) ,0,0,1, 0
BSPLIN, 20,31,32,23, ,,-SIN (alpha) ,C O S (alpha),0,0,-1,0
!
AL,1,17,13
1
AL,2,16,17
2
AL,3,15,16
3
4
AL,4,14,15
5
AL,1,18,5,6,22
6
AL,2,22,7,8,21
7
AL,3,21,9,10,20
8
AL,4,20,11,12,19
AL,5,23,41,25
9
10
AL,12,26,30,24
11
AL, 6,25,40, 39, 43
AL, 11,42,32,31,26
12
AL,8,28,36,27
13
14
AL, 9,27,35,29
15
AL,7,43,38,37,28
16
AL,10,29,34,33,42

SAVE
! ,
!
PLANE82
TYPE,1
1
, 1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

MSHKEY,0

. ( 1)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
396
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,1,delr,1,nic

( 1)
LESIZE,1,, ,nic,1
1
LESIZE,2,,,nic,1
2
LESIZE,3,,,nic,1
3
LESIZE,4,,,nic,1
4
LESIZE,13,,,nic/2,1
13
LESIZE,14,,,nic/2,1
14
LESIZE,15,,,nic/2,1
15
LESIZE,16,,,nic/2,1
16
LESIZE,17,,,nic/2,1
17
AMESH, 1,4,1

1-4 ( )
MSHKEY,1

5
LESIZE,5,,,nic/2,1
LESIZE,6,,,nic/2,1
6
LESIZE,7,,,nic/2,1
7
LESIZE,8,,,nic/2,1
8
LESIZE,9,,,nic/2,1
9
LESIZE,10,,,nic/2,1
10
LESIZE,11,,,nic/2,1
11
LESIZE,12,,,nic/2,1
12
LESIZE,18,,,3*nic/4, 1.5
18
LESIZE,19,,,3*nic/4, 1.5
19
LESIZE,20,,,3*nic/4, 1.5
20
LESIZE,21,,,3*nic/4, 1.5
21
LESIZE,22,,,3*nic/4, 1.5
22
AMAP,5,12,20,13,8

AMAP,6,11,18,20,12
5-8
AMAP,7,10,16,18,11
AMAP,8,9,14,16,10'
!
!
! NINT(x),
nl - N I N T (0.l*nic*licb/ric)
! 23-26
LESIZE,23,, ,nl, 4
! 23
LESIZE,24,, ,nl, 4
! 24
LESIZE,25,, ,nl, 4
! 25
LESIZE,26,,,nl,4
! 26
LESIZE,30,, ,nic/2,1
! 30
LESIZE,41,, ,nic/2,1
! 41
!
AMESH,9,10, 1
1
9-10
n2 = N I N T (0.l*nic*(bic-licb)/ric) ! 27-29
LESIZE,27,,,2,4
1 27
LESIZE,28,,,2,4
I 28
LESIZE,29,,,2,4
! 29
LESIZE,35,,,nic/2,1
! 35
LESIZE,36,,,nic/2,1
1 36
AMESH,13,14,1
!

! 13-14
NINT (0.02*nic*hic2/ric)
!
!
! (31, 34, 37, 40, 42, 43)
31
LESIZE,31, ,n3,20
34
LESIZE,34, ,n3,20
37
LESIZE,37, ,n3,20
40
LESIZE,40, ,n3,20
42
LESIZE,42, ,n3,30
43
LESIZE,43, ,n3,30
32, 39
n4
nl + nic/2
32
LESIZE,32, ,n4,1
39
LESIZE,39, ,n4,1
33, 38
n5 = n2 + nic/2
33
LESIZE,33, /n5,1
38
LESIZE,38, ,n5,1

AMAP,11,7,24,20,23

AMAP,12,25 4,22,16
AMAP,15, 23 20,27,6
AMAP, 16,-16 22,5,28
!
SAVE
!
,2
! SOLID95
nz * NINT(0.02*nic*tic/ric) !

EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

EXTOPT,ESIZE,nz
! (1-16)
VEXT,1,16,1,,,tic,1,1,1
1 tic

SAVE
!
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-hic/2

Y
D,ALL, UY,0
X
D, ALL, UX,0
Z
D,ALL, UZ,0

ASEL,S,LOC, Y,hic/2
,
NSLA,S,1

X
D,ALL,UX,0

SFA,ALL,1,PRES,-p0

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
SAVE

FINISH

!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU

ANTYPE,STATIC
SPARSE
EQSLV,SPARSE
SAVE .

SOLVE

FINISH
()
!!!!!!!!!!
!
/POST1
!
SET,LAST
!
! Z - zic () ni -
397
398
n__tip - NODE (xl, yl,zic)
zic = NZ(n_tip)
CSYS,12
RSYS,12
LSEL,S,LINE,,14
ASLL, S, 0
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,0
LSLA,S
t
NSLA,S,1
ni = n tip
nj = NODE(-delr/4, 0, zic)
nk = NODE(-delr,0,zic)
LSEL,S,LINE, ,13
ASLL,S,0
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,0
LSLA,S
NSLA,S,1
nl = NODE(-delr/4,0, zic)
nm - N O D E (-delr,0,zic)
ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
PATH,ki,5,,48
,
Z = zic
Z = zic
12,

12
14
, 14
( ) Y * 0
,

,
ni
,
Z = zic ( n_tip)
( ),
1/4
n_tip
()
( ), nj
13
, 13
( ) Y = 0
,

,
( ),
1/4
n_tip
()
( ), nl

() ki,
5
ni - nm
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
PPATH,4,nl
PPATH,5,nm
()
: KCALC,KPLAN,,KCSYM,KLOCPR
KCALC:
PLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
KCALC,0,1,3

*GET,KI1,KCALC,,,1
(1) KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
(II) KI2
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
(III) KI3
399
J- Z - zic ()
nji - njn jin_f.mac
( nji - njn)
18
LSEL,S,LINE,,18
, 18
ASLL,S,0
( ) Y = 0
ASEL,R,LOC,Y,0
,
LSLA,S

,
NSLA,S,1
nji
nji = NODE(-aic2,0,zic)
(1- )

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
njj
njj ** NODE (-aic2, -aic2, zic)
(2- )
njk
njk * NODE(aic2,-aic2, zic)
(3- )
nji
nji = NODE(aic2,aic2,zic)
(4- )
njm
njm * NODE(-aic2,aic2, zic)
(5- )
19
LSEL,S,LINE,,19
, 19
ASLL,S,0
( ) Y - 0
ASEL,R,LOG,Y,0
,
LSLA,S

,
NSLA,S,1
njn
njn = NODE(-aic2,0, zic)
(6- )

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL


jin f,nji,njj,njk,nji,njm,njn
jin__f.mac
(
nji - njn),
JINT__F
(1) J-
KI1J

CSYS,0
RSYS,0
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

( () J-)

( , ).
: 0 < alpha < 70 .
, .
,

, 1/4 .
KII - KI3.
J- jin_f.mac,
( nji - njn).
J- JINT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I II
I t II
I II
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
It t I I I I I I I I I !
/CONFIG,NPROC,2
!
Jobname
/FILNAME,Model_9,1
! Jobname = Model_9
! ( Model 9)
/TITLE,Model_9
!
I I I II II

*AFUN,DEG

alpha =
(.)

beta = 30
(.)
bic - 15e-3
()
tic - l*bic
()
hie - 6*bic + 2*tan(beta)*tic
! ()
hic2 hic/2
()
licb = 0.3*bic

( ) ()
lie = licb/COS(alpha)
()
ric * 0.075*licb

()
aic = 4*ric

()
aic2 - aic/2
()

eic = 2.10511
nuic = 0.3
st * 98
0.1*st
nic * 4
!zic = 0.5*tic
zic = 0.0*tic
() ()
()
() ()
()

! 2- (),
! J-

!!! !!!!!! !
/PREP7

!
2D SOLID ()
,1,PLANE82
3D SOLID ()
,2,SOLID95
! ()

,EX,1,eic

,NUXY,1,nuic
xl = 0
! 1
0
yi
! 2
2
-licb
2 = -lic*SIN(alpha)
! 3
= -licb
! (
= -lic*SIN(alpha)
4 -licb
! 4
4
hic/2
5 = bic-licb
! 5
5 = hic/2
! 6
bic-licb
"-hic/2
7 S5: -licb
! 7
-hic/2
7
*****
, 1, xl, yl,0
, 2, 2, 2, 0
, 3,,,0
, 4, 4 ,4,0
, 5, 5,5,
, 6, ,,0
, 7,7, 7,0
LOCAL, 11,1, xl, yl, 0, alpha
1 ( )
2
3
4
5
6
7

,

,

11
CSYS,11
, 8,ric,180,0
8
,9,ric,180,0
9 ( 8)
, 10, ric,90,0
10
, 11,ric,0,0
11
, 12,ric,90,0
12
L,8,12
1 ()
L,12,11
2 ()
L,11,10
3 ()
4 ()
L,10,9
!
12
CSYS,12
, 13,-aic2,0,0
13
401
402
, 14,-aic2,0,
14 ( 13)
, 15,-aic2,aic2,
15
, 16,0,aic2,
16
, 17,aic2,aic2,
17
, 18,aic2, ,
18
, 19,aic2,-aic2,
19
, 20,0,-aic2,
20
, 21,-aic2,-aic2,
21
CSYS,

L ,13, 21
5
6
L,21,20
L,20,19
7
L,19,18
8
L , 18,17
9
L , 17,16
10
11
L, 16,15
L, 15,14
12
L,l,8
13
L,l,9
14 ( 13)
L,1,10
15
L,1,11
16
L,1,12
17
L,8,13
18
L,9,14
19 ( 18)
L, 10,16
20
L, 11, 18
21
L , 12,20
22
!
L,13,2
! 23
L,14,3
! 24
!
,22,xl,hic2,0
! 22
,23,xl,-hic2,0
! 23
, 24,4 ,K Y (21)-((21)-4)*TAN(alpha),0 ! 24
,25,4,K Y (15)-((15)-4)*TAN(alpha),0 ! 25
*IF,alpha,GT,5,THEN
alpha > 5 .
rl = (x5-KX(18))/SIN(alpha)

.
26
K,26,x5,KY(18)+rl*(1-COS(alpha)),0
27
K,27,x5,KY(19)+r2*(1-COS(alpha)),0
28
K,28,x5,KY(17)+r3*(1-COS (alpha)),0
L,21,24
25
L, 15, 25
2 6
LARC,18,26,6,rl
2 7 ( 18 26)
LARC,19,27,6,2
2 8 ( 19 27)
LARC,17,28,6,r3
29 ( 17 28)
*ELSE
alpha
K,26,x5,KY (18) ,0
26
,27,x5,KY(19) ,0
27
K,28,x5,KY(17) ,0
28
L,21,24
2 5
L, 15,25
2 6
L,18,26
27 ( )
L,19,27
28 ( )
L,17,28
29 ( )
*ENDIF
IF-THEN-ELSE

3 0
L,3,25
31
L,25,4
32
L,4,22
3 3
L,22,5
3 4
L,28,5
3 5
L,28,26
L,26,27
3 6
3 7
L,27,6
38
L,6,23
3 9
L,23,7
L,24,7
4 0
41
L,24,2
!
K,29,KX(16)-(KX(16)-x4)*alpha/360,hic2/6,0
!
,30,xl-(xl-x4)*alpha/360,hic2/2,0
!
K,31,KX(20)+(X5-KX(20))*alpha/360,-hic2/6,0
!
,32,xl+(x5-xl)*alpha/360,-hic2/2, 0
!
!
! ( 42 43, )
BSPLIN,16,29,30,22,,,SIN(alpha),-COS(alpha),0,0,1,0
BSPLIN,20,31,32,23,,,-SIN(alpha),COS(alpha),0,0,-1,0
!
1
AL,1,17,13
2
AL,2,16,17
3
AL,3,15,16
4
AL,4,14,15
5
AL,1,18,5,6,22
6
AL,2,22,7,8,21
7
AL,3,21,9,10,20
8
AL,4,20,11,12,19
9
AL,5,23,41,25
10
AL,12,26,30,24
11
AL,6,25,40,39,43
12
AL,11,42,32,31,26
13
AL,8,28,36,27
14
AL,9,27,35,29
15
AL, 7, 43, 38-, 37,28
16
AL,10,29,34,33,42

SAVE
VEXT,1,16,1,,TAN(beta)*tic, tic, 1,1,1
LOCAL,21,0,0.0,3*bic,0.0,,90
WPCSYS, 1,21
VSEL,S,,,12
VSEL,A,,,16
!VSBW, NV, SEPO, KEEP:
VSBW,ALL,SEPO,DELETE
ALLSEL
VDELE,17,18,1,1
CSYS,0
LOCAL,
22,
0,0.0,-3*bic, 0.0,
,
90
WPCSYS, 1,22
VSEL,S,,, 11
VSEL,A, ,,15
VSBW,ALL,SEPO,DELETE
ALLSEL
VDELE,12,16,4,1
CSYS,0
WPCSYS, 1,0
()
29
30
31
32
403
404
SAVE
!
! ,
!
TYPE,1
PLANE82
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,0,2D

MSHKEY,

( 1)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,1,delr,1,nic

( 1)
1
LESIZE,1,,,nic,1
2
LESIZE,2,,,nic,1
LESIZE,3,,,nic,1
3
4
LESIZE,4,,,nic,1
LESIZE,13,,,nic/2,1
13
LESIZE,14,,,nic/2,1
14
LESIZE,15,,,nic/2,1
15
16
LESIZE,16,,,nic/2,1
17
LESIZE,17,,,nic/2,1
AMESH,1,4,1

1-4
( )
MSHKEY,1

LESIZE,5, ,nic/2,1
5
LESIZE,6, ,nic/2,1
6
LESIZE,7, ,nic/2,1
7
8
LESIZE,8, ,nic/2,1
LESIZE,9, ,nic/2,1
9
LESIZE,10 ,,nic/2,1
10
LESIZE,11 ,,nic/2,1
11
LESIZE,12 ,,nic/2,1
12
LESIZE,18 ,,3*nic/4,1.5
18
19
LESIZE,19 ,,3*nic/4,1.5
LESIZE,20 ,,3*nic/4,1.5
20
LESIZE,21 ,,3*nic/4,1.5
21
LESIZE,22 ,,3*nic/4,1.5
22
AMAP,5,12 20,13,8

AMAP,6,11 18,20,12
5-8
AMAP,7,10 16,18,11
,8,9,14,16,10

NINT(x),
nl N I N T (0.l*nic*licb/ric) ! 23-26
-
405
23
24
25
2 6
30
41

9-10
n2 * N I N T (0.l*nic*(bic-licb) /ric) ! 27 -29
LESIZE,27,,,n2,4
27
LESIZE,28,,, n2, 4
28
29
LESIZE,29,,,n2, 4
LESIZE,35,,,nic/2,1
35
LESIZE,36,,,nic/2,1
36
AMESH,13,14,1

1314
n3 = N I N T (0.02*nic*hic2/ric)

(136, 128, 131, 121, 99, 117)
136
LESIZE,136,,,n3,20
LESIZE,128,,,n3,20
128
131
LESIZE,131,,,n3,20
112
LESIZE,112,,,n3,20
99
LESIZE,99,,,n3,30
117
LESIZE,117,, ,n3,30
139, 114
n4 - nl + nic/2
139
LESIZE,139,,,n4,1
114
LESIZE,114,,,n4,1
134, 115
n5 = n2 + nic/2
134
LESIZE,134,,,n5,1
115
LESIZE,115,,,n5,1

AMAP,77,24, 55, 54,20
77,92,80 88
AMAP, 92,25,71, 67, 16
AMAP, 80/27 / 60,54/20
AMAP,88,16, 67, 69,28
!
SAVE
! sweep
! SOLID95
TYPE,2
!nz * N I N T (0.02*nic*tic/ric)

nz=8
EXTOPT,ACLEAR,1

ESIZE,,nz
VSWEEP,all,, ,
!
SAVE
!
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-3*bic

Y
D,ALL,UY,0
X
D,ALL,UX,0
Z
D,ALL,UZ,0

ASEL,S,LOC,Y,3*bic
,
NSLA,S,1

X
D,ALL,UX,0

SFA/ALL,1,PRES,-p0

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
LESIZE,23,,,nl,4
LESIZE,24, , ,nl,4
LESIZE,25,,,nl,4
LESIZE,. 26, , ,nl,4
LESIZE,30,,,nic/2,1
LESIZE,41,,,nic/2,1
AMESH,9,10,1
406
SAVE
FINISH
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!

/SOLU
!
ANTYPE,STATIC
!
EQSLV,SPARSE
! SPARSE
SAVE
!
SOLVE
!
FINISH
!
!! !!!!!!!!
()
/POST1
!
SET,LAST
!
!
! Z = zic () ni -
CSYS,12
! 12,
!
RSYS,12
!
! 12
ni * N O D E (0.0,zic*tan(beta),zic) !
! ,
I
Z = zic
LSEL,S,LINE,,19
19
ASLL,S,0
, 19
ASEL,R,LOC,z,tic/2
( )
z = tic/2
LSLA,S
,

NSLA,S,1
,

nj = NODE(-ric,zic*tan(beta) zic)
( ),
ric ni
nk = NODE(-aic2,zic*tan(beta),zic)

( ),
aic2 ni
LSEL,S,LINE,,18
18
ASLL,S,0
, 18
ASEL,R,LOC,z,tic/2
( )
z = tic/2
LSLA,S
,

NSLA,S,1
,

nl = NODE(-ric,zic*tan(beta),zic)
( ),
ric ni
nm = NODE(~aic2,zic*tan(beta),zic)

( ),
aic2 ni
ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
!
PATH,ki,5,,48
! () ki,
i 5
PPATH,l,ni
! ni - nm
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
PPATH,4,nl
PPATH,5,nm
! ()
! : KCALC,KPLAN,MAT,KCSYM,KLOCPR
407
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1
2
3 );
KLOCPR ( )

KCALC , 0,1,3

*GET,KI1,KCALC,,,1
! (1) KI1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
! (II) KI2
*GET, KI3,KCALC,,, 3
! ( ) KI3
J- Z = zic ()
nji - njn jin_f.mac
( nji - njn)
18
LSEL,S,LINE,,18
, 18
ASLL,S,0
( ) Y = 0
ASEL,R,LOC,z,tic/2
,
LSLA,S

,
NSLA,S,1
! nji (1- )
nji = NODE(-aic2,0+zic*tan(beta),zic)
ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
!
) njj (2- )
njj = NODE(-aic2,-aic2+zic*tan(beta),zic)
! njk (3- )
njk = NODE(aic2,-aic2+zic*tan(beta),zic)
! nji (4- )
nji
NODE (aic2, aic2+zic*tan (beta),zic)
! njm (5- )
njm = NODE(-aic2,aic2+zic*tan(beta),zic)
19
LSEL,S,LINE,,19
, 19
ASLL,S,0
( ) Y = 0
ASEL,R,LOC,z,tic/2
LSLA,S
,

,
NSLA,S,1
! njn (- )
njn = NODE(-aic2,+zic*tan(beta),zic)

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL

eicl - e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic))

jin_f,nji,njj,njk,nji,njm,njn
jin_f.mac
(
nji - njn),
JINT__F
(I) J-
KI1J

CSYS,0
RSYS,0
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
10
/-

I 1 ! ! ! ! 1 ! ! I ! ! ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! ! ! ! 1 11 i i i i i j i
J- ,
(
ARG1 - ARG4) -Y ( ).
J- JINT.
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I t
ETABLE,SENE,SENE
ETABLE,VOLU,VOLU
PATH,JINT_F,4,50,48
PPATH,1,ARG1
PPATH,2,ARG2
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
PDEF,W,ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
PCALC,MULT,WNX,W,NX
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX,S
PDEF,INTR,SX, SX
PDEF,INTR, SY, SY
PDEF,INTR,SXY, SXY
!!!!!!!!!!!!!t !!!!!!!!!!! !

( SENE)

( VOLU)

W = SENE/VOLU ( W)
JINT_F,
4

(
ARG1 - ARG4)

- ( WNX)
WNX
S

JA
( JINT)

SX

SY

SXY
J-
PCALC,MULT,TX,SX, NX
PCALC,ADD,TX,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,Cl,SY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TY,TY,Cl
GET,DX,PATH,,LAST,S
DX = DX/100
PDEF,INTR,UX1,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,, ,DX
PDEF,INTR,UX2, UX
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
= 1/DX
PCALC, ADD, Cl', UX2,UX1,, -C
PCALC, ADD, C2, UY2, UY1,, -C
PCALC,MULT,Cl,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,C2,TY,C2
PCALC,ADD,Cl,Cl,C2
PCALC,INTG,J,Cl,S
GET,JB,PATH,,LAST,J
JINT = 2*(JA-JB)
PDEF,CLEAR
409

X
TX * SX^NX + SXY*NY ( )

Y
TY - SXY*NX + SY^NY ( TY)

X 1%
X X-DX/2.
UX
X-DX/2
UY
X-DX/2
X-DX/2 X+DX/2
UX
X+DX/2
UY
X+DX/2

UX:
DUX/DX
U Y :
DUY/DX

(TX*DUX/DX + TY*DUY/DX)

JINT ( S)

JB
( JINT)

11
/-

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
J-
,
{ ARG1 - ARG6)
-Y ( ).
J-
JINT.
() . . , . .
I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 11 t I I (
ETABLE,SENE,SENE
ETABLE,VOLU,VOLU
SEXP,W,SENE,VOLU, 1, -1
PATH,JINT_F,6, ,48
PPATH,1,ARG1
PPATH,2,ARG2
PPATH,3,ARG3
PPATH,4,ARG4
PPATH,5,ARG5
PPATH,6,ARG6
PDEF,W,ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
PCALC,MULT,W N X ,W,NX
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX, S
GET,JA,PATH,,LAST,J
PDEF,INTR,SX, SX
PDEF,INTR, SY, SY
(CAD-FEM GmbH)
I 11 I I 11 1 I I I 1 I 11 i
I I I I i t I 11

( SENE)

( VOLU)

W = SENE/VOLU ( W)
JINT_F,

(
ARG1 - ARG6)

- ( WNX)
WNX
S

JA
( JINT)

SX

SY
J-
PDEF,INTR,SXY,SXY
PCALC,MULT,TX,SX,NX
PCALC,MULT, 1,SXY,NY
PCALC,ADD,TX,TX,Cl
PCALC,MULT,Cl,SY, NY
PCALC,ADD,TY,TY,Cl
411

SXY

X
TX = SX*NX + SXY*NY ( TX)

Y

DX = DX/100
X 1%

DXG = DX*COS(alpha)
X

DYG = DX*SIN(alpha)
Y
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,-DXG/2 ! X X-DXG/2 (
! X)
PCALC,ADD,YG,YG,,,,-DYG/2 ! Y Y-DYG/2 (
! Y)
UX
PDEF,INTR,UX1,UX
X-DX/2
UY
PDEF,INTR,UY1, UY
X-DX/2
X-DXG/2 X+DXG/2 (
X)
Y-DYG/2 Y+DYG/2 (
PCALC,ADD,YG,YG,, , ,DYG
Y)
UX
PDEF,INTR,UX2,UX
X+DX/2
UY
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
X+DX/2
PCALC,ADD,XG,XG,,,,-DXG/2 !
!
- 1/DX
UX:
PCALC,ADD,Cl,UX2,UXl, ,-C
DUX/DX
U Y :
PCALC,ADD,C2,UY2,UY1,C, -C
DUY/DX

PCALC,MULT, 1,TX,
PCALC,MULT,2,TY,2
PCALC,ADD,Cl,Cl,C2

PCALC,INTG,J,C1,S
JINT ( S)
*GET, JB, PATH, ,LAST, J

JB
( JINT)
JINT - JA-JB

PDEF,CLEAR
12

I I I I I I I I I II
I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I II
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1! 1!!!!!!! 1!!!! !
*AFUN,DEG
/TITLE,Model_21
/PREP7
bic
hie
lie
1.0
4.0*bic
0.65*bic
ric = 0.05*lic
aic = 8*ric
!!!!!!! i I !!!!!!!! !

!
!
!

nic
4
xl
aic/2
lie
x2
lie
ric
x3
lie
x4
lie + ric
x5 = lie + aic/2
= bic
yl = ric
y2 = aic/2
= hic/2
alpha = 0
nl = NINT(xl/ric/2)
1,15,24
n2 N I N T ( (x6-x5)/ric/2)
6,18,26
n3 = N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric/4)
19...23

eic = 2.105e+ll

nuic = 0.3

alfa = 12.0e-6

i

LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0

,

LOCAL, 12,0, , 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
CSYS,0
, 1,PLANE82,,, 1

,

! 2D SOLID (,
!
)
R,1
! ()

,,l,eic

M P ,NUXY,1,nuic

MP,ALPX,1, alfa
TREF,473
!
1
, 1, 0.0, 0.0,
, 2,
xl, 0.0,
2
3
, 3,
2, 0.0,
4 (
, 4,
, 0.0,
5
, 5,
4, 0.0,
6
, 6,
5, 0.0,
7
, 7,
, 0.0,
8
, 8,
, yl t
9
, 9, 0.0,
2,
10
, 10,
xl,
2,
11
, 11,
,
2,
12
,12,
5,
2,
13
, 13,
,
2,
14
,14,
0.0,
,
15
, 15,
xl,
,
16
, 16,
,
,
17
, 17,
5,
,
18
,18,
,
,
!
1
L, 1,2,nl,
2
L,2,3,4,1/2.5
3
1,3,4
4
L, 4,5
5
L, 5, 6, 4, 2 .5
6
L,6,7,n2
7
LARC,3,8,4,ric
LESIZE,7,,,nic
L, 4, 8,
! 8
9
LARC,8,5,4,ric
.
LESIZE,9,,,nic
10
L, 1, 9, 2
11
L,2,10,2
12
L,8,11,4,2.5
13
L,6,12,2
14
L,7,13,2
15
L, 9,10,nl
16
L,10,11,2
17
L,11,12,2
18
L, 12,13,n2
19
L, 9,14,n3
L,10,15,n3
20
21
L,11,16,n3
22
L, 12,17,n3
23
L,13,18,n3
24
L, 14,15,nl
413
414
12
! 2 5
L,15,16,2
L,16,17,2
! 26
! 27
L, 17,18,2!
1
AL,1,11,15,10
2
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL, 3, 8,7
3
4
AL,4,9,8
5
AL,5,13,17,12,9
6
AL,6,14,18,13
7
AL,15,20,24,19
8
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
9
10
AL,18,23,27,22
!, MAT, REAL, TYPE,
, 1,1,1
SAVE

,

TYPE,1
PLANE82
, 1
1
()
MSHAPE,,2D

MSHKEY,

( 4)

, 1/4
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

KSCON,4,delr,0,nic

( 4)
AMESH,3,4,1

3-4 ( )
MSHKEY, 1

AMAP,2,8,11, 2,3

AMAP,5,5,6,11,8

AMESH, 1, 6, 5
AMESH,7,10,1
!ARSYM, Ncomp,NA1,NA2,NINC,KINC, NOELEM, IMOVE
ARSYM,
Y, ALL,
0,
,1,1, 1
CSYS,0
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
XZ,
NSEL,R,LOC,X,0,

NUMMRG,NODE,
ALLSEL

SAVE .
!
!
CSYS,
NSEL,S,LOC,X,0.
! ,
! YZ
D rALL,UX,0.0
! X
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,y3
INSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0
D,ALL,UY,0.0
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-y3
!NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0
D,ALL,UY,0.0
ALLSEL
SAVE
!
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
OUTRES,,1
NROPT,FULL,,ON
EQSLV,SPARSE
! SPARSE
PHYSICS,WRITE,STRUCT
PHYSICS,CLEAR
FINISH
/PREP7
LSCLEAR,ALL
,1,PLANE77,,,1
MP,DENS,1,7800
MP,KXX,1,2.7e+l
MP,C,1,4.61e+2
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,y3
! ,
! Y=y3
! =673
D,ALL,TEMP,673
ALLSEL
! ,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-y3
! Y - - y 3
D,ALL,TEMP,273
! =273
ALLSEL
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
!TOFFST,273
TOFFST,0
TUNIF,423
CNVTOL,HEAT,1
KBC,1
PHYSICS,WRITE,THERMAL
PHYSICS,CLEAR
FINISH
PHYSICS,READ,THERMAL
/SOLU
TIME,1
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
Tr-1
ETABLE,TGX,TG,X
415
12
416
*DIM,TGX_1,,16,2
CSYS,11
n_cr = N O D E (0.0,0.0,0.0)
*DO,I,1,16,1
TGX__1 (1,1) = ENEXTN (n_cr, I)
*GET,Tr,ELEM,I,ETAB,TGX
TGX 1 (1,2) = Tr
*ENDDO
*MWRITE,TGX_1,TGX,txt
(2E10.4)
FINISH
PHYSICS,READ,STRUCT
/SOLU
LDREAD,TEMP,,,,,,RTH
SOLVE
!UPCOORD,1
FINISH
\
()

/POST1

SET,LAST

CSYS,0
!
! () ni - nm
ni ni = N O D E (,0.0,0.0)

( )
ASEL,S,,,4
NSLA,S,1
,
nj
nj = NODE(x3+delr/2,0.0, 0.0)
( )

nk = N O D E (+delr,0.0,0,0)
( )
! ( )
ASEL,S,,,14
! ,
NSLA,S,1
nl = NODE(x3+delr/2, 0.0, 0.0)
nl
( )
nm = N O D E (+delr,0.0,0.0)

( )
ALLSEL
() ki,
PATH,ki,5,,48
5
PPATH,l,ni
ni - nm
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
PPATH,4,nl
PPATH,5,nm
()
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1 -
2
3 );
mpm
417
KLOCPR ( )

KCALC,0,1,3

(1) KI1
*GET,KII,KCALC,,,1
(II) KI2
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
(III) KI3
*GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
J- ()
njl - nj9 jin_ft.mac
( njl nj9)
1-
njl
nm
2-
nj 2 = NODE(x3+delr*cos(315),delr*sin(315),0.0)
3-
nj3 NODE(x3+delr*cos(270),delr*sin(270),0.0)
4-
5-
nj 5 = NODE(x3+delr*cos(180),delr*sin(180), 0.0)
6-
7-
nj 7 NODE(x3+delr*cos(90),delr*sin(90),0.0)
8-
9-
nj 9 = nj
ALLSEL,ALL,ALL


1 jin_ft.mac
j in_ft,nj 1, nj 2, nj 3, nj 4, rij5, nj 6, nj 7, nj 8, nj 9
! (I) J-
I

J2 = ((l-nuic**2)* (KI1**2 + KI2**2) + (1+nuic)*KI3**2)/eic
! (2.24)-(2.25)
= (-)/
alfa * 12.0-6
Q1 = 400/hic
pi = 3.14159,26
yr = 5.0
KI5 * eic*alfa*Ql*yr*((-)**1.5)/(3*(1-nuic)*SQRT(pi))
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
13

I II
I I I II
I I I I t I t f I I I I I I I M
I I I I II
II
11
I 1 I I 1 II
I II
I I
1 I
I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I t II
AFUN,DEG
/TITLE,Model_22
/PREP7
bic
hie
lie
1.0
4.0*bic
0.65*bic
ric = 0.05*lic
aic = 8*ric
I I t M
II
I I I
i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

4
nic
xl
lie - aic/2
x2
lie - ric
x3
lie
x4
lie + ric
x5 = lie + aic/2
= bic
yi = ric
y2 = aic/2
y3 = hic/2
alpha = 0
nl = NINT(xl/ric/2)
! 1,15,24
n2 = N I N T ((x6-x5)/ric /2)
! 6,18,26
n3 = N I N T ((y3-y2)/ric /4)
! 19...23
i

eic = 2.105ell

nuic = 0.3

alfa = 12.0e-6

LOCAL,11,1,2*bic,0.0,0.0,180.0
,

!LOCAL,KCN,S,
,
, ZC, THXY
LOCAL,
12,
0,2*bic,0.0,0.0,180.0
LOCAL,21,1,2*bic-lic,0.0,0.0,0
LOCAL,22,0,2*bic-lic,0.0,0.0,0
CSYS,12
,1,PLANE82,,,1
THYZ, THZX,
!
! ,
!
0
! 2D SOLID (,
! )
R, 1
! ()
MP,EX,1,eic
!
!
M P ,NUXY,l,nuic
MP,ALPX,1,alfa
!
TREF,473
!
1,
! 1
0.0, 0.0
2,
xl, 0.0
! 2
! 3
3,
2 , 0.0
! 4 ( )
4,
, 0.0
5,
4, 0.0
! 5
6,
! 6
5, 0.0
7,
! 7
, 0.0
8,
! 8
,
yi
9,
! 9
0.0,
2
10,
! 10
xl,
2
U,
! 11
,
2
12,
! 12
5,
2
13,
! 13
,
2
14,
0.0,
! 14
15,
! 15
xl,
16,
,
! 16
17,
5,
! 17
18,
,
! 18
1
L 1,2, nl,
[
1
L 2,3, 4,1/2 .5
!
2
L 3,4
]
3
L 4,5
!
4
L 5,6, 4,2.5
!
5
L 6,7, 2
!
6
LARC,3,8,4,ric
!
7
LESIZE,7,,,nic
L, 4, 8,
J
8
LARC,8,5,4,ric
!
9
LESIZE,9,,,nic
L, 1,9,2
10
L,2,10,2
11
L,8,11,4,2.5
12
L,6,12,2
13
L,7,13,2
14
L, 9,10,nl
15
L,10,11,2
16
L,11,12,2
17
L, 12,13,n2
18
L, 9,14,n3
19
L, 10,15,n3
20
'
419
420
13
L,11,16,
21
L, 12,17,
22
23
L, 13,18,
24
L,14,15,nl
25
L,15,16,2
L, 16, 17,2
26
27
L,17,18,n2
!
1
AL,1,11,15,10
2
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL,3,8,7
3
4
AL, 4,9,8
5
AL,5,13,17,12,9
6
AL,6,14,18,13
7
AL,15,20,24,19
8
AL,16,21,25,20
9
AL,17,22,26,21
AL,18,23,27,22
10
!AATT, MAT, REAL, TYPE,
,1,1,1
SAVE
!
! ,
J
!TYPE,1
PLANE82
!,1
1
()
MSHAPE,0, 2D

MSHKEY,0

! ( 4)
!
! , 1/4
! KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
I
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4

!KSCON,4,delr,1,nic

( 1)
KSCON,4,delr,0,nic
AMESH, 3,4,1

3-4 ( )
MSHKEY,1

AMAP,2,8,11,2,3

AMAP,5,5,6,11,8
2 5, 1 6, 7...10
AMESH, 1,6, 5
AMESH,7,10,1
ARSYM,
Y,all,
,
,
,
0,
,1,1,1
CSYS,12

NSEL,S,LOC,Y, 0.0
! XZ,
!
NSEL,R,LOC,X,0,x3
NUMMRG, NODE,
ALLSEL
SAVE
!
!
CSYS,12
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-
NSEL,R,LOC,X, 0.0
D, ALL, UY, 0 .0
ALLSEL
!NSEL,S,LOC,Y,y3
!NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0
!D,ALL,UY,0.0
!ALLSEL
!
SAVE
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
OUTRES,,l
NROPT,FULL,,ON
! SPARSE
EQSLV,SPARSE
PHYSICS,WRITE,STRUCT
PHYSICS,CLEAR
FINISH
/PREP7
LSCLEAR,ALL
,1,PLANE77, , ,1
MP,DENS,1,7800
,KXX,1,2.7e+l
,C,1,4.61e+2
CSYS,12
,
'
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,y3
Y=y3
=273
D,ALL,TEMP,273
ALLSEL
,
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-y3
Y--y3
.*673
D, ALL, TEMP, 673
ALLSEL
CSYS,0
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
TOFFST,273
TUN-IF, 523
CNVTOL,HEAT, 1
KBC,1
PHYSICS,WRITE,THERMAL
PHYSICS,CLEAR
FINISH
PHYSICS,READ,THERMAL
/SOLU
TIME,1
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
Tr=l
421
422
13
ETABLE,TGX,TG,X
*DIM,TGX_1,,16,2
CSYS,22
n_cr = N O D E (0.0,0.0,0.0)
*00,1,1,16,1
TG X_1(1,1) = ENEXTN(n_cr,I)
*GET,Tr,ELEM,I,ETAB,TGX
TGX_1(I,2) = Tr
*ENDDO
(2E10.4)
FINISH
PHYSICS,READ,STRUCT
/SOLU
LDREAD,TEMP,,,,,,RTH
SOLVE
!UPCOORD,1
FINISH
I
()
/POST1

SET,LAST

CSYS,22
22
!
! () ni - nm
ni = N O D E (0.,0.,0.0)
ni

ASEL,S,,,4
( )
NSLA,S,1
,
nj = NODE(-delr/2,0.0,0.0)
nj
( )
nk = NODE(-delr,0.0,0.0)

( )
ASEL,S,,,14
( )
,NSLA, S, 1
,

nl = NODE(-delr/2,0.0,0.0)
nl
( )
nm = NODE(-delr,0.0,0.0)

( )
ALLSEL
PATH,ki,5,,48
() ki,
5
PPATH,l,ni
ni - nm
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
PPATH,4,nl
PPATH,5,nm
()
KCALC:
KPLAN ( :
0 - /
1 );
( );
KCSYM ( :
0, 1 -
2
423
3 );
KLOCPR ( )

KCALCf0,1,3

(1) KI1
*GET,KI1,KCALC,,K,1
(II) KI2
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
(III) KI3
GET,KI3,KCALC,,K,3
J- ()
nji - nj9 jin_ft.mac
( nji - nj9)
.
1-
nji = nm
2-
nj2 NODE(delr*cos(-135),delr*sin(-135),0.0)
3-
nj3 NODE(delr*cos(-90),delr*sin(-90),0.0)
4-
nj 4 = NODE(delr*cos(-45),delr*sin(-45),0.0)
5-
nj5 * NODE(delr*cos(0),delr*sin(0),0.0)
6-
nj 6 * NODE(delr*cos(45),delr*sin(45),0.0)
7-
nj7 * NODE(delr*cos(90),delr*sin(90),0^0)
8-
nj 8 - NODE(delr*cos(135),delr*sin(135),0.0)
9-
nj9 = nj

ALLSEL,ALL,ALL

eicl e i c / (1-(nuic*nuic))

! jin_ft.mac
jin__t, nji, nj2, nj3, nj 4, nj5, nj 6, nj7, nj 8, nj 9
! (I)
J-
KI1J
!
alfa
12.0-
Ql = 400/hic
pi - 3.1415926
yr * 0.6
KI5 = ieic*alfa*Ql*yr*((-)**1.5)/ (3*(1-nuic)*sqrt(pi))
/DSCALE,1,100
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
14

,

I I I I I It
I I I I I I I I I 11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1
I I 1 I
I I
I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1
/CONFIG,NPROC, 2
*AFUN,DEG
!
!
/TITLE,Model_23
/PREP7
bic = 1 . 0
hie = 4.0*bic
lie * 0.65*bic
ric == 0.05* lie

aic =' 8*ric
nic 4
xl = lie x2 = lie * lie
x4 = lie +
x5 *= lie +
= bic
yl = ric
2 - aic/2
= hic/2
alpha = 0
aic/2
ric
ric
aic/2
nl = NINT(xl/ric/2)
2 N I N T ( (6-5)/ric/2)
= NINT((-2)/ric/4)
!
eic 2.105+11
nuic = 0 . 3
alfa * 13.5-6
1,15,24
6,18,26
19...23

!
!
!

LOCAL,11,1,,0.0,0.0,0.0
!
! ,
!
LOCAL,12,0,,0 .0,0.0,0.0
!
! ,
!
CSYS,0
!,1,PLANE82,,,1
,1,PLANE183,, ,2
! 2D SOLID ()
! 2D SOLID ()
R,1
!
,EX,1,eic
,NUXY,1,nuic
MP,alpx,l,alfa
()
!
!
!
!TREF,473
!
, 1 ,
, 2,
, 3,
, 4,
, 5,
, 6,
, 7,
, 8,
, 9,
, 10,
, 11,
, 1 2 ,
,13,
,14,
, 15,
, 16,
,17,
, 18,
0.0,
xl,
x2,
x3,
x4,
x5,
,
x3,
0.0,
xl,
x3,
x5,
,
0.0,
xl,
x3,
x5,
,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
yl,
y2,
2,
y2,
y2,
2,
,
,.
,
,
,
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
2
3
4 ( )
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
1
2
3
4
5
!
L, 1,2, nl,
L/ 2/3, 4,1/2 .5
L,3,4
L/ 4 /5
L, 5/ 6/ 4,2.5
L, 6,7, n2
LARC,3 ,8,4, ric
LESIZE ,7,,, nic
L, 4, 8,
LARC,8 ,5,4, ric
LESIZE ,9,,, nic
! 8
! 9
425
14
426
L, 1, 9,2
L,2,10,2
L,8,11,4,2.5
L,6,12,2
L, 7,13,2
L, 9,10,nl
L,10,11,2
L,11,12,2
L, 12,13,2
L, 9,14,
L, 10,15,
L,11,16,
L,12,17,
L,13,18,
L,14,15,nl
L, 15,16,2
L,16,17,2
L, 17,18,2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
!
AL,1,11,15,10
AL,2,7,12,16,11
AL,3,8,7
AL, 4, 9,8
AL, 5,13,17,12,9
AL,6,14,18,13
AL,15,20,24,19
AL,16,21,25,20
AL,17,22,26,21
AL,18,23,27,22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
!, MAT, REAL, ,
,1,1,1
SAVE
I ;
!
*
JTYPE,1
!,1
! PLANE82
! 1
! ()
MSHAPE,0,2D
!
1
MSHKEY,0
!
!
! ( 4)
!
! , 1/4
! KSCON:
!
NPT ( , . . );
!
DELR ( );
!
KCTIP ( ;
!

!
1/4 );

NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr = ric/4
KSCON,4,delr, 1, nic
!
I
! ( 4)
I
AMESH, 3 r4,1
!
! 3-4 ( )
MSHKEY,1
AMAP,2,8,11,2,3
AMAP,5,5,6,11,8
!
!
AMESH,1,6,5
AMESH,7,10,1
!ARSYM,
Y, ALL,
,
,
,
0,
1AATT,1,1,1
!CSYS,0
!NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
!NSEL,R,LOC,X,0,x3
!NUMMRG,node,
!ALLSEL
SAVE
! XZ,
!
!
CSYS,0
NSEL,S,LOC,Y, 0.0
NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0,
D,ALL,UY,0.0
ALLSEL
,
XZ
Y
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0
D,ALL,UX,0.0
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,y3
NSEL,R,LOC,X,0.0
D,ALL,UY, 0.0
ALLSEL
delta_t -100.0
!BF,NODE, Lab,VAL1,VAL2,VAL3,VAL4
BF,
ALL ,TEMP,delta t
SAVE
I I M M M I
/SOLU
!

!
427
428
14
!
! SPARSE
ANTYPE, STATIC
EQSLV,SPARSE
!TOFFST, 273
TOFFST, 0
TUNIF,423
!CNVTOL,HEAT, 1
KBC,1
SAVE
SOLVE
FINISH
!
()
/POST1
SET,LAST
!
!
CSYS,
!
! () ni - nk
ni = N O D E (,0.,0.0)
! ni
!
!ASEL,S,,,4
!NSLA,S,1
! ( ) z tic/2
! ,
!nj * NODE(x3+delr/2,0.0,0.0)
nj = N O D E (4,0.0,0.0)
! nj
! ( )
ink N O D E (+delr,0.0,0.0)
nk * NODE(x5,0.0,0.0)
!
! ( )
ALLSEL
PATH,ki,3,,48
! () ki,
! 3
PPATH,l,ni
PPATH,2,nj
PPATH,3,nk
! ni - nk
! ()
! : KCALC,KPLAN,MAT,KCSYM,KLOCPR
! KCALC:
!
PLAN ( :
!
0 /
!
1 );
!
( );
!
KCSYM ( :
!
0, 1
!
2

!
!
3 );
KLOCPR ( )
<
KCALC,0,1,0
!
!
*GET,KI1,KCALC,,,1
*GET,KI2,KCALC,,,2
*GET,KI3,KCALC, ,, 3
! (1) KI1
! (11) KI2
! ( ) KI3
J- ()
nji - nj4 j_f_l.mac
( nji - nj4)
nji
nj2
nj3
nj4
=
=
NODE(xl,0.0,0.0)
NODE(xl, yl,0.0)
NODE(x5, yl,0.0)
N O D E (5,0.0,0.0)
ALLSEL,ALL,ALL
!
!
!
!
1-
2-
3-
4-
!
!
j_f_l,njl,nj2,nj3,nj4
! j_f__l.mac
! (I) J-
! KI1J
!J2 ((1-nuic**2)*(KI1**2 + KI2**2) + (1+nuic)*KI3**2)/eic

! [2]
1__ -
lamda * (-)/
pi = 3.1415926
yr = 1.12 - 0.23*lamda + 10.55*lamda**2
yr * yr - 21.72*lamda**3 + 30.39*lamda**4
KI4 = alfa*eic*delta_t*sqrt(pi*l_cr)*yr
fepsi * 0 . 5
KIR - KI1
epsi = (KI4/KIR - 1 ) * (1-lamda)/lamda
KI5 * KI4/(1 + epsi*(l/(l - lamda)-l))
/DSCALE,1,10
PLNSOL,U,SUM,
FINISH
429
15

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

( () J-)

( , ),
(. . 4.1):
bm
;
lm = (0 .15...0 .25) - ;
rl - (1.25...1.60) bm - ;
2 = rl + bm
.
,

, 1/4 .
KII - KI3.
J- jin_ft_l.mac,
( njl - nj9).
J- JINTT,
(1), J-,
KI1J.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1
1 I 1 1 I I II
I I I I I I II
I I I I II
I I II
I II
() . . , . . (CAD-FEM GmbH)
I I I I I I I I II
I I I II
I I I I I I I I I I I I I II
!/CONFIG,NPROC,2
I I I
II
II
11 I I
1 II
I I 1 II
I I 11
II
1 I
! Jobname
/FILNAME,Model_10,1
Jobname = Model_l
!( Model_l)
/TITLE,Model_10
!
*AFUN,DEG

!
!
bic *= 1.0
rl = 2.0*bic
r2 = rl + bic
lie = 0.2*bic
ric
0 .10*lic
nic = 4
431
* rl
=* r2 - lie
xl * - aic/2
2 * - ric
4 ** + ric
5 *= + aic/2
** 2
yQ **
yl - a t a n (ric/)
2 * atan (aic/2/)
- 90
4 = 180
alpha = 0
nl = NINT ((xl-xO)/ric/2)
! 1,15,24,33
n2 = N I N T ((-5)/ric/2)
! .6,18,26,36
= N I N T (1*2*3.14*(-2)/ric/4/360)
!
19...23
eic = 2.10511
nuic = 0.3
alfa - 13.5-
=* 1.08
!

'LOCAL,KCN,KCS,XC, YC, ZC,THXY,THYZ,THZX,PARI,PAR2
LOCAL, 11,
l,x3,0.0,0.0, 0.0,
,180.0
!LOCAL,11,1,x3,0.0,0.0,0.0
LOCAL,12,0,,0.0,0.0, 0.0, ,180.0
/PREP7
/TITLE,FRACTURE
,1,PLANE183,,,2
R,1
! 2D SOLID ()
15
432

MP,EX,1,eic
MP,NUXY,1,nuic
MP,ALPX,1,alfa
()

CSYS,1
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
xO,
xl,
x2,
x3,
x4,
x5,
,
yo,
yO,
yo,
yO,
yo,
yO,
yO,
1
2
3
4 (
5
6
7
CSYS,0
, 8,
CSYS,1
x3, ric,
, 9,
,10,
,11,
,12,
,13,
xO,
xl,
x3,
x5,
,
y2,
y2,
2,
2,
2,
9
10
11
12
13
, 14,
,15,
, 16,
,17,
,18,
xO,
xl,
x3,
x5,
,
,
,
,
,
14
15
16
17
18
,19,
,20,
,21,
,22,
, 23,
xO,
xl,
x3,
x5,
,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
19
20
21
22
23
1
2
3
4
5
6
! 8
!
CSYS,1
L, 1, 2,nl,
L, 2,3,4 ,1/2 .5
L, 3, 4
L, 4,5
L, 5,6,4 ,2.5
L, 6,7, 2
LARC,3, 8,4, ric
LESIZE, 7,,, nic
L,4,8,
LARC,8, 5,4, ric
LESIZE, 9,,, nic
! 7
8
! 9
433
L
L
L
L
L
1,9,2
2,10,2
8,11,4,2.5
6,12,2
7,13,2
10
11
12
13
14
L
L
L
L
9,10,nl
10,11,2
11,12,2
12,13,2
15
16
17
18
L
L
L
L
L
9,14,
10,15,
11,16,
12,17,
13,18,
19
20
21
22
23
L
L
L
L
14,15,nl
15,16,2
16,17,2
17,18,2
24
25
26
27
L
L
L
L
L
14,19,
15,20,
16,21,
17,22,
18,23,
19
20
21
22
23
L
L
L
L
19,20,nl
20,21,2
21,22,2
22,23,2
24
25
26
27
!
AL,1, 11,15,10
AL, 2, 7,12,16,11
AL, 3, 8.7
AL,4, 9.8
AL, 5, 13,17,12,9
AL, 6, 14,18,13
AL, 15 ,20,24,19
AL, 16 ,21,25,20
AL, 17 ,22,26,21
AL, 18 ,23,27,22
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
AL,24,29,33,28
AL,25,30,34,29
AL,26,31,35,30
AL,27,32,36,31
11
12
13
14
SAVE
! ,
!
TYPE,1
, 1
I PLANE183
! 1
! ()
15
434
MSHAPE,,2D
M S H K EY,
!
!
( 4)

, 1/4
: KSCON,NPT,DELR,IP,NTHET,RRAT
KSCON:
NPT ( , . . );
DELR ( );
KCTIP ( ;

1/4 );
NTHET ( );
RRAT ( )
delr - ric/4
KSCON,4,delr,1,nic

( 4)
AMESH,3,4,1
!
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!
!
AMESH, 1,6, 5
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SAVE
!
CSYS,0
NSEL, S,LOC,Y,0.0
NSEL,R,LOC,X,-x6,
D,ALL,UY,0 .0
ALLSEL
NSEL,S,LOC,Y,0.0
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i, TEMP,
tr
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SAVE
FINISH
!!!!!!!!!!
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ANTYPE,STATIC
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!
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SAVE
SOLVE
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Tr 1
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TGX__1 (i ,1) = ENEXTN(n_cr,i)
n_r = TGX_1(i,1)
TGX_l(i,2) = (tb-ta)//LOG(r2/rl)
*ENDDO
(2E10.4)
FINISH
()
/POST1
SET,LAST
!
!
csys,0
!
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43 5
15
436
ni - NODE (, 0.0, 0.0.)
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0 /
1 );
( );
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2
3 );
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*GET,KI1,KCALC,,, 1
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(I) KI1
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CSYS,12
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nji - nj9 jin__ft_l .mac
( nji - nj9)
n j1
nj2
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n j4
n j5
nj6
n j7
nj8
nj 9
nji =
n j2 =
nj3 =
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
NODE
10
29
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(delr*COS
(delr*COS
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(delr*COS
(delr*COS
(delr*COS
(delr*COS
(delr*COS
(-180),delr*SIN(-180),0.0)
(-135),delr*SIN(-135),0.0)
(-90),delr*SIN(-90),0.0)
(-45),delr*SIN(-45),0.0)
(0),delr*Siti(0),0.0)
(45),delr*SIN(45),0.0)
(90),delr*SIN(90),0.0)
(135),deir*SIN(135),0.0)
(180),delr*SIN(180),0.0)
1-
2-
3-
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
nj4
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nj6
nj7
nj8
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31
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90
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16
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PPATH,6 ,ARG6
PPATH,7 ,ARG7
PPATH,8 ,ARG8
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PDEF,W, ETAB,W
PVECT,NORM,NX,NY,NZ
PCALC,MULT,WNX,W ,NX
PCALC,INTG,J,WNX,S
PDEF,INTR,SX,SX
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( SENE)

( VOLU)

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PCALC,ADD,TY,TY,Cl
DX = DX/100
DXG = DX*COS(alpha)
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PDEF,INTR,UX1,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY1,UY
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PDEF,INTR,UX2,UX
PDEF,INTR,UY2,UY
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JINT = 2*(JA-JB)
439

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X)
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X+DX/2

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DUX/DX
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JINT ( S)

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)
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n_r = TGX_1(1,1)

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sxr, syr, szr
*GET,szr,ELEM,n_r,ETAB,SZ
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tgr - TGX 1(1,2)
-
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arr = sin (90/8)*cos(90/8)*delr**2

()
sum = sum + alfa*(sxr + syr + szr)*tgr*arr

(4.1)
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!
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CAE-Services LLC :

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. . , . . , . .

22.18 22.251 30.121 32.973-018

60x90/16. . . 28,5. . 3076.

............... .............................................................................................. 348

................ ......................................,............................................. 350

= 0,50,089 + 0,442 -0,853 .

45 ( ), + 400, < = 1090 ,

122 (), =550 , = 630 , {=

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M o d e l _ l .inp, j _f_1 .mac

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2. , 25.506-85 [25, . 36]

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ANSYS Multiphye ics/LS-DYNA

RUN SETUP PROCEDURE FROM PILE- C:\Program Files\Ansys Inc4v90\ANSYSSapdl4start9!

/INPUT FILE- C:\Program FllesNAnsys Inc4u90\ANSYS4apdl\start9@.ans

ACTIVATING THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE <GUI>. PLEASE WAIT...

PRODUCE NODAL PLOT IN DSYS-

ANSYS Run. . . 2.11.

Element Types Close (. 2.25).

(Main Menu > Preprocessor > Rea! Constants >

L7 > Apply > NDIV = n i c > SPACE >

MAR aj1 2005

L9 > Apply > NDIV = n ic > SPACE >

L10 L ll > Apply > NDIV - 2 > SPACE

L19 L23 > Apply > NDIV = n3 >

-? -- Xv.yVX. :< Jc-

V ' ' &

MeshTool > Element Attributes: > Areas > Set

MeshTool > Pick corners > Mesh

Nodes > By Location > Z coordinates, Min,Max

Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Symbols ...

Utility Menu > Select > Everything

Main Menu > Solution

Main Menu > Solution > Analysis Type >

ipliysM I S i>YNf\ IK ility

Data 4k Ftfe Opts

Contour Nodal Solution Qata Nodal Solution > DOF

| our Nodal Solution Data

e > XY Shear stress

2nd Principal stress

Plastic equivalent stress

ROTATION ANGLE FOR WINDOW 1 18

33.39 ABOUT AXIS ZS

FOCUS POINT FOR WINDOW

FOCUS POINT FOR WINDOW

ROTATION ANGLE POR WINDOW 1 IS

43.63 ABOUT AXIS ZS

DISTANCE MULTIPLIER FOR WINDOW 1

DISTANCE FOR WINDOW 1

DISTANCE MULTIPLIER FOR WINDOW 1

DISTANCE MULTIPLIER FOR WINDOW 1

FOCUS POINT FOR WINDOW

DISTANCE MULTIPLIER FOR WINDOW 1

. >: *: - >-\v *>

.> >; ' : ' 4

US . PROPERTIES FOR W IB IflL IM K R

: File > Save as ...

KI1, KI2, KI3.

Utility Menu > Parameters > Get Scalar Qata ...

KI1, KI2 KI3

PRINTOUT RESUMED BY /GOP

. >: : - >-\v >

NOTE

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