1-6-15

They are dierent because they are isolated another change is in army with development with the
city states the goal is to defend them after some time the city states have developed travel will take
place we will see the states come in contact some want to trade and others want to fight every
single male citizen is forced into fighting with the city state first change is the solider they are known
as hoplite this is military formation that will be used up until ww1 used from time of Ancient Greece
phalanx is this protects everyone here we see the use of spears they keep a distant and stop
charges they have a 20 foot spear by stopping the enemy dead in their tracks most Greek army's
fought like this as people start to develop tech and ships we see more transportation between city
states Sparta never develops a navy and they remain on land and they go out and conquer
territories when it come to their government they are totalitarian they had assemblies Sparta has an
oligarchy and they are totalitarian there are two kings in Sparta because one can go to war and one
would stay behind Sparta was a warring group of people Spartans would be the upper class lower
class was forced to fight they gain territory there were eight times as many helots to Spartans so
there was a revolt by forcing fear and brutality are used to control the helots this is a prime example
of the totalitarian state

1-7-15

Militaristic society starts from an early age from when the child is born when a spartan child is born
and the elders are going to determine weather or not the child is healthy enough to grow up to
become a spartan citizen and type of physical or mental disability would result in the child being
killed infinite is a common practice in Ancient Greece they only want the healthiest and strongest
children to be Spartans. There perception is strong people have strong people of you are not
strong then you will not have strong children they looked at it as a humane way of thought. This is
beginning part of how children should be brought up from then on the child would be brought up
until the age of 7. In Sparta this occurs mostly to men. At the age of Seven these boys are taken
from their home and they are trained brutally this is a training camp for bullies the goal of the camp
was to toughen up the boys from seven to twelve the boys were beaten and were taught self
discipline they were barley fed to the point were they would steal and they stole from helots and if
they were caught they would be beaten. They were given one cloak to a point were at about 12
years old at this age they are given a citizen test were they are sent out to the wilderness to fend for
themselves and by the time they turned 20 they would be put into active duty. The Spartans would
be in the army for the age of 20 to 60 they had no other job all they did was train or they were in war
they lived in the barracks not at home they go into the military at the age 30 and they don't live with
their family they lived in the military housing, not because of this the woman needed to be
physically fit as well because they need to have healthy children the believe was of the mother was
strong and well developed their children would be too. The most important thing was the state over
the self this is a very extreme case when it comes to these city states the majority go. Athens was
an aristocracy you will be a democracy where everyone has the power to make decisions

1-8-15

Athen Greece What will end up happening here is now we will see the true idea of west civil coming
out of Ancient Greece only free adult male were able to vote the upper class want the decision
making power also woman had very little to do with society when it comes to this democracy we
will see law written law comes from Draco he writes the first code deals with property. Single
person is chosen to preform these laws the man was Solon what was important to Athens was
religion, art and culture, philosophy, trade, politics. Athens was the greatest when it came to this
you have Sparta and Athens Sparta is militaristic and Athens is a democracy

1-11-15

The Persian war forced them to unite and fight against the Persians this untied them this is the most

important thing coming out of this war what a we will see is Sparta San Athens being the two most
powerful regions and cit states Sparta being militaristic. And Athen being a diplomatic one that will
create alliances that will be very important for the fight against the Persians they are forced to
create a alliance of sorts to fight the Persians. The first reason as to why is because the Persians
under the leader ship of Darius they want to spread their empire into the Anatolia platu we will see
the Greeks. Darius is not to happy s one vows to destroy Athens as well and this starts the Persian
war at the battle of marathon now marathon is a city in Greece and it is here were we see the
Athenians outnumbered they have about 10,000 going against the Persians 25,000 but due to the
hop lite solders and the phalanx and they defeat the Persians to marathon Athen sent all of their
troops to fight in marathon there was nobody left to defend this city the Persians have and idea to
go to Athen by boat nd take the city by the eastern coastline. They were very depleted the majority
of the fighters were in marathon so what happens is a marathon is race and a marathon is 26.2
miles so what happens is the Athenians realize their city is defense less one solider is phelidppdies
to run from marathon to Athens to let them know of the conflict and the Athenian navy is a bale to
defend the city so when the Persians get there they would realize it was too tough of a takeover it
was a from 480 and 10 years later they try again we see the son of Darius looking to defend his
fathers defeat so Xerxes wants to crush Greece we will he him and his solider march down the
coastline of Greece were they meet with a group of Greek solider at thermopolee the Greeks
wanted to stand up to the troops they also had the 300 Spartans 7,000 Greeks the Persians had
many more based upon Herodotus history 100,00 troops they were outnumbered they fought at
thermopolee they fought in a bottle neck this severely cut the number of troops down cause only a
certain number could get in there they hold them o for three days and the reason the Persians won
was because a traitor shows the Persians a way into Athens. The Persians take Athens San burn it
down also the Acropolis this is a blow for the Athenians we see them come back were we see a
alliance form between the. Greeks we have one of the best sea battles seen in the ancient world
this is the battle of salamis going up against the Persian navy the Persians had large bulky ships
very narrow and it was hard for the ships to maneuver the Greeks create a new type of ship this is
known as the trireme this is a smaller quicker boat that has these boats would punch holes in the
Persians ship were the Persians sink to the bottom of the ocean. This is an impressive Vic for the
Greek the war will end a few years later with another blow to the Persian which is the battle of
palata in 479 by this is the other conflict with the Spartan here we will see the Persians being
defeated and this will end the Persians war. Athens and 130 city states with form the dellan this is
the uniting of the city states they will be credited with getting rid of the Persians. Athen is
considered the greatest of city states they will enter into a golden age and u will see anaeconomy

1-12-15

Essays for the exam

Battles involved what heppened

3 things get wanted for Athens was Pericles

Greek gods and their traits

Zues king of all kings he control thunder rain law order fate uses a scepter

Hera queen of heaven zues wife and sister goddess of marriage childbirth kings and empire

Poseidon God of the sea horses drought and floods zues brother

Hades God of the underworld and death zues other brother he loves Persephone

Ares God of war violence and civil order golden arm our

Apollo God of music archery poetry healing zues son by his lover Leto weapon is the bow and
arrow

Aphrodite goddess of love and beauty

Eros God of love and lustful desires son of Aphrodite and ares bow and arrow

Athena virgin goddess of wisdom warfare and handicrafts sprang full form from zues head wearing
armour

Hermes heavenly messenger God of travel and trade Son of zues and Maia he leads dead souls
into the realm of Hades

Dionysus God of celebration drunkeness and pleasure

They all live on mount Olympus Greeks highests peak

The Persian war started because the Persian king Darius wanted to expand his empire into the
Anatolia plateau and he wanted to take over the Greeks but the Greeks rebelled and had help from
Athens. This was not want Darius wanted and he vowed to destroy the Greeks and so the Persians
war started. The first battle of the Persian war was at the Greek city of marathon were 10,000
Greek troops went up against 25,000 Persian troops and because the Athenians were well trained
and they stood in the phalanx formations which was used to protect the troops and the fact that the
Persians had little training in land and combat and they were not disciplined well they the Persians
were defeated. The problem with this was the Athenians brought all of their troops to marathon and
had no one to hold the defenses back home to a Athenian runner Pheidippides who ran 26.2 miles
back to Athens to the deliver the news that the Athenians need to prepare their defenses he also
died from exhaustion. And so the Greeks were a let set up defenses and the Persians had the idea
to attaack the Greeks by boat up the eastern coastline but the Athenians were waiting there for
them and they were defeated. It wasn't until 10 years later that Darius son xerxes vowed to destroy
the Greeks and he decided to march his troops down the coastline line of thermoplee where they
were meat by 7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans and the Persians according to Herodotus who's
estimated the Persian had about 100,000 troops and the Spartans fought in a bottle neck which cut
down the number of troops for the spartaisn and the Athenians that could be attacked but there
was a traitor who gave the Persians a way into Athens and the Persians burned down the Acropolis
and detryed the city which was a blow to the Athenians but the Athenians decided to fight back
with one of the largest leaned battles in the ancient world and the Greek set them slefes up at
salamis which is southwest of Athen and the Greeks and Persians fought but the Persians warships
were to large and bulky to maneuver through the Athenians ports and the Greeks had a new ships
called the trireme which was slimmer and faster and was able to punch holes in the Persians ships
in which the ships sank and the Greeks were victorious and war ended a few years after wit the
battle of palata with the end of the Persian threat Athens and 140 city states created the Delian
league which expelled the Persians one and for all and brought Athens into it s golden age.

Classical Greece
2000 B.C. 300 B.C.

Cultures of the Mountain & the Sea

AIM: Physical geography caused
separate groups of Greekspeaking peoples to develop
isolated societies

Geography Shapes Greek Life

The Sea
Greeks did not live on a land but around a sea
Aegean, Ionian and Black Sea
___________________________were
important
Transportation routes
Important because Greece lacked natural
resources (timber, precious metals, and usable
farmland)
The Land
Three - fourths
___________
of Ancient Greece was mountains
Hard to unite under a single government
Only 20% of land was arable or farmable

Mycenaean Civilization Develops

__________________
Mycenaeans

Earliest Greek settlers

Ruled by warrior kings who
controlled local production &
commercial trade
Minoans
Conquering the _________
led
to sea trading & the emergence
of a culture that will become the
roots of some Western
civilizations

Examples: writing systems to

Greek language and decorated
vases with Minoan designs

Trojan War
According to legend, a Greek Army besieged &
destroyed Troy because a Trojan had kidnapped
Helen, the wife of a Greek king
Truth or fiction?
The myth about the city of Troy was that it had been built
by the gods Apollo and Poseidon, during a time when they
were being punished by having to work among men. The
city fortress was so strong that no armies had been able to
capture it. The king of Troy was King Priam

Homer
Homer
___________

Due to lack of writing,

Greeks learned about
the Trojan War through
storytelling
Blind author of epics
(___________________
Narrative Poem celebrating
heroic deeds
___________________
___________________)
Wrote the
___________________
Iliad and the odyssey
based on the Trojan
War

Myths

________________
Myths

Traditional stories
about Greek Gods
It explained the
mysteries of nature
Greeks attributed
human qualities = love,
hate, and jealousy
__________was
the
Zeus
ruler of the Gods who
MT.olympus
lived on _____________

Warring City-States
AIM: The growth of city-states in Greece led to the
development of several political systems, including
democracy

Rule & Order in Greek City-States

City state
Polis (_________________)
Fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece
Controls between fifty and five-hundred square miles of
territory
Male citizens conducted business on top of an acropolis
Fortified hilltop
(___________________)
Political Structure
Monarchy
Ruled by a king
__________________________________
Aristocracy
Ruled by nobles
__________________________________
Oligarchy
Ruled by a few powerful people
__________________________________
Tyranny
by one powerful individual
Ruled
__________________________________

New Kind of Army

Iron
With _______
replacing
__________
as metal of
Bronze
choice = now ordinary
citizens could arm to
defend themselves
Citizens were expected
to defend the polis
Hoplites
_______________

Foot soldiers

Phalanx
_______________

Military formation

Sparta Builds a Military State

Located in Southern Greece cut off from the rest of

Greece

Assembly
__________________
Free adult males who voted on major issues
Council of elders
_______________________
Ephors
5 elected officials called _________________
Proposed laws, controlled education &
prosecuted law cases

Sparta Builds a Military State

Spartas population
Citizens descended from
_____________________
Laconia and Messenia
(colonies invaded by
Sparta)
These Messenians became
(peasants
_________
Helots
forced to stay on the land
they worked)
With Sparta putting down a
Messenian revolt =
dedicated themselves to
the creation of a strong
city-state

Sparta Builds a Military State

Spartan Education
Male life revolved around
military training
Girls wrestled, ran &
played sports; Women
managed the family
estates
Sparta came before
anything else
They had the most powerful
army, but had no arts or real
culture

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

Like other city-states,

Athens went through a
power struggle
Instead of civil war, there
was an attempt at
democracy
Rule by the people
(_____________________)
Only free adult males
were considered citizens
Women had little to do
with society, but was
responsible for home life,
and raising the children

Political and Economic Reforms

With repeated clashes

between aristocrats and the
common people = demand
for written law
Draco
_____________
= wrote first
legal codes dealing with
contracts and property
ownership
However there was still
tension between the people
= aristocrats choose one
person to reform the laws

Political and Economic Reform

_________________
Solon

Outlawed debt slavery

Citizens could participate
& debate in politics
Citizens could bring
charges against
wrongdoers
Initiated a profitable
overseas trade
Neglected land reform =
fighting between wealthy
and poor landowners

Helot revolt = Sparta becoming a military state

Danger of revolution among poverty-stricken farmers=
Athens becomes a democracy
Invasion by Persian armies = Moved Sparta and
Athens to their greatest glory!

Persian Wars (490 479 B.C.)

Wars between Greece &

the Persian Empire that
took place in Ionia on the
coast of Anatolia
Began when Greeks
revolted against the
Persians and was aided by
Athens
______________
Persian
Darius
king who defeated the
rebels & vowed to defeat
Athens

Persian Wars

Persians land at
Marathon & were met by
the Athenians
Thanks to the Athenians
being neatly in a
phalanx and the
Persians had little
training for land combat
= the Persians were no
match for the Athenian
army
However, Athens itself
was defenseless until

Persian Wars

Pheidippides
___________________

A young runner
who was to race
back to Athens to
bring news to the
Athenians
He delivered the
message,
collapsed & died
Allowed the
Athenians to
prepare its
defenses

Persian Wars

Xerxes
_________________
Dariuss son who wanted
to crush Greece
Thermopylae
Advanced to _____________
where they were held off by
the Spartans
Greeks position themselves
Salamis
at ___________
southwest
of Athens
Persian warships could not
maneuver through the
channel & was defeated

Greek Trireme

Persian Wars

No Persian threat allowed

Athens to become the
leader of an alliance of
140 city-states called the
Delian league
_____________________
The league dispelled the
Persians once & for all.
Athens was entering its
brief, Golden Age

Democracy & Greeces Golden Age

AIM: Democratic principles and

classical culture flourished during
the Greeces golden age

Pericles Three Goals for Athens

From 461 to 429 B.C.

Pericles
______________
led
Athens during its golden
Age of Pericles
age = (_________________)
His 3 goals:
__________________
Strengthen Athenian democracy

__________________

To hold and strengthen the empire

__________________

__________________

To glorify Athens
__________________
__________________

Pericles Three Goals for Athens

Pericles increased the number

of paid public officials, (even
the poorer members of
society could serve)
Athens had more citizens
engaged in self-govt than any
other city-state
Though political rights were
still limited to those with
citizenship status
Direct Democracy
_______________________
Citizens rule directly and not through
representatives
_______________________
_______________________

Pericles Three Goals for Athens

Pericles used money

from the Delian League
to build a strong navy
for defense & trade
Pericles also used
money from the Delian
League to beautify
Athens, especially to
build the
Parthenon
___________________

Pericles Three Goals for Athens

Greeks invented drama

& built the first
theaters. They used
two types of drama
Tragedy
_________________

Serious drama
with a tragic hero

Comedy
_________________

Mostly satires
(works that poked
fun at a subject)

Spartans & Athenians Go to War

As Athens grew in power
under Pericles, Sparta felt
more and more
threatened and began to
demand concessions
from the Athenians.
Pericles refused, and in
431 B.C. conflict between
Athens and Spartas ally
Corinth pushed the
Spartan king Archidamus
II to invade Attica near
Athens. Pericles adopted

Peloponnesian war
___________________________

Athens was the

strongest sea power,
Sparta had the land
advantage
Pericles wanted to
avoid land battles
Eventually Sparta
marched into Athenian
territory & burned the
food supply
Athens was safe as
long as ships could sail
into port with food from
Athenian colonies
Two events will spell
disaster for Athens

Spartans & Athenians Go to War

First:

Second:

A plague killed between

one-third to two-thirds of
Athens population
(including Pericles)
Athens failure to destroy
Syracuse
the polis of ___________
(Spartas wealthiest ally)

By 404 B.C. Athens will surrender

Many will begin to lose
confidence in the democratic
government and began looking
for answers

Philosophers Search For Truth

Philosophers meaning
Lovers of wisdom
__________________________
were determined to find the truth
They based their philosophy on
the following:
(1) The universe is put
together in an orderly way
(subject to absolute and
unchanging laws)
(2) People can understand
these laws through logic and
reason

Socrates

___________________
The unexamined life is not
worth living
___________________
= for people to question
themselves and their
moral character
Believed that absolute
standards did exist for
truth & justice
Used the question &
answer approach

Plato

Student of Socrates
The Republic
Wrote __________________
which
depicted his vision for a perfectly
governed society = not a
democracy
It would have three natural groups:
Farmers and artisans
Warriors
Ruling class = person with
greatest insight and intellect
would be chosen philosopherking School name is the academy

Aristotle

A student at Platos school

Questioned the nature of the
world and of human belief,
thought & knowledge
Provided bases of the
scientific method used today
His most famous pupil was
Alexander who later would
become king of Macedonia

Alexander ~Empire Builder

AIM: Alexander the Great

conquered Persia and Egypt
and extended his empire to the
Indus River in northwest India

Philip Builds Macedonias Power

Phillip the second is killed by one of his
guards

King Phillip II
______________
of Macedonia
wants to take advantage of the
Peloponnesian War
The Macedonians will easily
defeat the Greeks
Alexander
Philips son ____________
will
eventually rule & become
Alexander the Great
known as _________________

Alexanders Empire

At the age of 20 Alexander will

eventually conquer southwest
Asia & yearned for more
He will die shortly before his 33rd
birthday
His empire ended the independent
Greek city states
New cultures emerged from the
blend of Greek, Egyptian, and
Eastern customs

The Spread of Hellenistic Culture

AIM: Hellenistic culture, a blend of Greek and other influences,
flourished throughout Greece, Egypt and Asia

Hellenistic Culture in Alexandria

Hellenistic
_____________________
Combination of Greek,
Egyptian, Persian &
Indian culture
Alexandria
_____________________
African city center of
commerce & civilization
City blocks lined with
statues of Greek gods,
magnificent palaces,
museum & library

Science & Technology

Strides were made in astronomy

Ex the sun was not

smaller than Greece

Ptolemy
______________
put the earth at
the center of the universe which
was believed for the next 14
centuries
Euclid
_________
the basis for geometry
Archimedes
_____________
estimated the
value of pi, law of the lever,
invented the compound pulley

Philosophy & Art

Stoicism
_____________________

Divine power
controlled the
universe
Vices should be
controlled

Colossus of
Rhodes

Epicures
_____________________

Achieve harmony
between body & mind
Moderation of all
things

Winged Victory
of Samothrace