Hydraulic formulas

Introduction

Venturimeters/Venturi meters

m
---------------------1
V
W
--------------------2
w
V

w g --------------------3
w
SGx x -------------4
wH2 O
Pressure
F
---------------------5
p
A

p w h --------------------6

Q Cd

Q Cd

Q Cd

Pressure force
R w y A ----------------7

sin 2 I G
y -------8
yA

g 2 d14
d
8 1
d 2

p1 p2

z1 z2

w

1

----------18

SGm

1 x
d 4 SGv -----------------19
8 1 1
d 2

4
A w -------------------------20
1

g 2 d14
d
8 1
d 2

Q 158 Cd 2 g tan

SGm
1 ------------------------21
SGv

Q Cd Cv A 2 g x

Orifices

G wV ' -----------------11
GM BM BG ------12

GM

BM

Px
--------13
W tan

I
V'

14

Hydrodynamic

Q v A ------------------15

Qin Quit ---------------16

v12

v22

p1
p

Z2 2
w 2g
w
2g
-----------------------------17
Z1

p
p

Q Cd A 2 g h 1 2 --------------------------22

w w
v2
A
Cd Cv Cc
2 ------------------------------23
2 g h A3

v2
3
Q 23 Cd B 2 g H 2 1

2 gH

2 gH
2

----25

------------------------------28

p1 A1 p2 A2 cos Fx Q v2 cos v1

Fy p2 A2 sin Q v2 sin ----------30

Energy losses
z1

p1 v12
p
v2

z2 2 2 hl h f -----31
w 2g
w 2g
2 2

d
hl 1 1
d 2

hl
1
Cc

2
1

v
------------------------32
2g

v22
---------------------------33
2g

Pipe networks
32 f L Q 2
---------------------------------34
hf
g 2d 5

hf

x2
--------------------------------24
p p

4 h 1 2 Cv2

w w
Notches and weirs

2
vd2
v2

H h h f hl ---------------------- 2 gH
2g

5
wQ H
H 2 -------------------------------Pin
---------------------------------2

Canals

Reducers Bends

'

Archimedes

Q 1,84 L H

g 2 d14

Rx w y A' ---------------9
R y wV ----------------10

v2
Q 1,84 L 0,1 n H H 1

2 gH

3

32 f L Q Q
-------------------35

3 g 2 d 5 Qin Quit
3
in

3
uit

Non uniform flow

h2

h2

h1

h1

A
dh -----------------------36
Qin Quit

A
---------------------------40
P

Q C A R S -------------------41
5

A 3S 2
Q
2
nP 3

----------------42

Specific energy

E d
dc 3

v2
---------------------43
2g

q2
-----------------------44
g

d c 23 E min ---------------------45
Fr
q Cd

d2

d1

v
----------------------46
gd
2
3

1
4

d
E

A1

dh
A1
----------------37
Quit 1
A2

Pumps

v2
g H

2g

- -47

2 Fr12 21 -----------48

d1
---------------49
4 d1 d 2
3