Works Cited

Primary Sources
"Churchill, Winston." World War II Reference Library. Ed. Barbara C. Bigelow, et al. Vol. 4:
Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2000. 5-19. World History in Context. Web. 23 May
2016
This primary source includes excerpts from Winston Churchill's speeches, "Blood, Toil,
Tears, and Sweat", "Be Ye Men of Valour", and "The Finest Hour". These speeches
revealed Churchill was resilient and confident. Also it shows he had good public
speaking skills which motivated British citizens to help in the war effort and make them
feel secure. Along with the multiple speeches, the source also included background
information on World War II and Churchill's personal life. This showed Churchill was
brave and always stayed positive in these perilous times filled with hardship. I used this
source to elaborate on how Churchill strived for victory in my thesis to show his
confidence in even the worst of times.
Churchill, Winston. "Iron Curtain Speech." Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri. 5 Mar. 1946.
Fordham University. Ed. Paul Halsall. Fordham University, Aug. 1997. Web. 19 May
2016. <http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/churchill-iron.asp>.
This primary source speech said by Winston Churchill called the "Iron Curtain Speech,"
showed Churchill's strong virtues of unity and peace among the major world powers. He
said this speech to students at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri. He spoke to them
about the Cold War and how the uniting of European countries helped cause peace.
Churchill talks strongly of how the United States and Great Britain are influential world
is leaders and must come together. He also says that he is grateful to Russia for help in

the war. I used this source in several aspects of my project because it helped me get a
sense of Churchill's public speaking skills and the gratefulness he had to the United
States.
- - -. "Never Give In, Never, Never, Never." Harrow School. London. 29 Oct. 1941. National
Churchill Museum. Westminster College, n.d. Web. 23 May 2016.
This primary source speech entitled "Never Give In, Never, Never, Never" from Winston
Churchill helped me understand why he was thought to be a strong leader throughout his
lifetime. Churchill always thought for the best and he was always determined to conquer
every situation he faced. He has pride in his country and faith in his military. "But instead
our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by
what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these Islands, though we ourselves never
doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we
have only to persevere to conquer." Churchill praises his military for never giving up
even in the toughest of situations. I used this information in the thesis section of my
project on the "Boosting British Morale" tab to show the importance of Churchill's
speeches throughout the hardships he and his troops had to overcome.
- - -. "Prime Minister Winston Churchill's Speech To The Allied Delegates." St. Jame's Place.
London, England. 12 June 1941. British Library of Information. British Lib of
Information, n.d. Web. 23 May 2016.
<http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1941/410612b.html>.
This source is a speech making it primary. Winston Churchill was known for advanced
public speaking skills and confidence. His speech to the allied delegates motivated them
and gave them awareness of the problems Europe was facing. Churchill spread his calm

demeanor to the delegates and shared his ideas of peace and unity throughout Europe.
Because of Churchill the allied delegates came together and fought to beat Hitler and the
Nazis. I used the information in this source to describe his military views and techniques
under the Planning Military Campaigns tab of my thesis.
"French Institute Honors Churchill." The New York Times 13 Nov. 1945: n. pag. Historic New
York Times. Web. 23 May 2016.
This primary newspaper source was an example of Churchill's popularity and the respect
he earned. The French Institute honored Churchill by making him a member of Political
Sciences. This shows Churchill was an intelligent and influential leader to not only the
UK but other countries as well. Churchill was very humble and appreciative of the
French's hospitality. He was a very likable, respected, and driven politician. I used the
information in this source for my project to understand why Churchill was adored by so
many people all around the world and used quotes from it under the striving for victory
sub tab in my thesis.
MacDonald, James. "Nazis Bomb Widely." New York Times [New York] 11 May 1941: n. pag.
Historic New York Times. Web. 19 May 2016.
This primary source newspaper article helped me understand the destruction and chaos
caused by the London Blitz. Bombs were dropped on London on Saturday, May 10th. It
was a seven hour attack, and the third Nazi blitz within a month. The Nazis used a new
bombing strategy that didn't work on London, and RAF fighters later attacked the raiding
Germans. Chaos arose, and Germany and Britain were in major conflict. I used this
information in the historical context section of my project on the "London Blitz" tab to
show the destruction the blitz caused throughout London.

Martyris, Nina. "Hitler Couldn't Defeat Churchill, But Champagne Nearly Did." National Public
Radio. npr, 2016. Web. 23 May 2016.
<http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/04/01/472459579/hitler-couldnt-defeatchurchill-but-champagne-nearly-did>.
This secondary source article about Churchill's relationship with alcohol made me
wonder how he was such a successful leader despite his alcoholism problem. Winston
Churchill spent an extreme amount of money on champagne and many times it almost
got him into trouble. In 1936, he owed his wine merchant the equivalent of $75,000 in
today's money. Since Churchill was such a prominent figure, the government settled his
liquor bills which is something unthinkable today. I used this information in my project
as a background source to learn more about who Churchill was and about his personality.
Matthews, Herbert L. "Churchill Accepts Order of Merit In the Record British Honors List."
New York Times [New York] 1 Jan. 1946: n. pag. Historic New York Times. Web. 19 May
2016.
This primary source newspaper article showed me the amount of recognition Winston
Churchill got for leading as well as he did. On Tuesday, January 1st Churchill was put on
Britain's New Year's honors list by King George VI. He was put under "Order of Merit"
and it was the only honor that Churchill would accept. "Order of the Garter," which is the
highest British order of chivalry, is an honor that Winston Churchill was given but
refused. On the honors list, Churchill is recognized for war services, both military and
civil. I used this information in the life section of my project because it gave me
information on an important accomplishment Churchill had, and on how he refused many
earlier honors.

"Report from London." Narr. Robert McKenzie. BBC World Service. BBC. London, 1962. Print.
Transcript.
This primary source obituary transcript showed me how respected Winston Churchill was
as a leader and person. "The greatest man of our age has gone from among us." Churchill
was recognized as the greatest man of the age and it shows the leadership he portrayed
throughout his life and World War II. Another thing stated in the obituary transcript is
"Not only did he shape and write history: He is History itself." Winston Churchill did so
much for Great Britain throughout his time and it is referred to as a "privilege" to have
heard his last major speech in the House of Commons. I used this information in the
impact section of my project on the "Long Term" tab to show how even after Churchill's
death, he will be a major figure in history and there will never be anyone like him.
Thomas, Ronan. "The Blitz." West End at War. Community Sites, 12 Oct. 2010. Web. 27 May
2016. <http://www.westendatwar.org.uk/page_id__152_path__0p2p.aspx>.
This secondary source introduces the struggles Britain had to go through during the time
Churchill was prime minister. It describes the brutal bombing the city of London
underwent. This shows Churchill was still a good leader who was after victory even in
the worst of times. Without Churchill Britain wouldn't have recovered but he motivated
them and fought the Germans to spread confidence and assurance to the citizens.
Churchill's perseverance was crucial to Britain's success. I used the information in this
source for my project for the Boosting British Morale section which is a part of my thesis
to show his uplifting and confident personality.
"Winston Churchill - Biographical." Nobel Prize. Nobel Media AB, 2016. Web. 24 May 2016.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1953/churchill-bio.html>.

This is a photograph of Sir Winston Churchill as an old man. It is after all of his
accomplishments as a military leader. I used this primary source photo in the life section
of my project under the "Last Years" tab to show his appearance when he was older.

Secondary Sources
"Battle of Britain." The Churchill Centre. Churchill Centre, 2016. Web. 23 May 2016.
<http://www.winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/war-leader/1940-1942/battle-ofbritain>.
This secondary source article helped me understand the significance of the Battle of
Britain and also Churchill's role in it. The battle took place just a few months after
Winston Churchill became prime minister. The battle followed the invasion of the British
Isles by Adolf Hitler. The German Luftwaffe was defeated by The Royal Air Force of
Great Britain in this air battle. "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed
by so many to do few" is one of Chuchill's famous lines from his speech during this battle
in the House of Commins on June 18, 1940. I used this information in the historical
context section on the "Battle of Brtiain" tab to show the importance of this battle during
WWII.
"Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Sir." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale,
1998.Biography in Context. Web. 19 May 2016.
This secondary source of Churchill's biography helped to find personal information and
facts. It gives us an overview of Churchill's early life of a privileged adolescent who grew
up around politicians. The biography gives a sense of how Churchill's political views
developed and how he became such a strong leader. It also shows how even though

Churchill failed and had many controversial moments he overcame is challenges and got
to be an amazing prime minister. Churchill never gave up and always worked to his full
potential. I used the information in this source for my project for the majority of the
section of his life. Many of the facts used were from this source.
"Winston S. Churchill." Goodreads. Goodreads Inc., n.d. Web. 23 May 2016.
<http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/14033.Winston_S_Churchill>.
This primary source of a photograph of Churchill shows his professionalism and how
well dressed he was. He was a put together leader who cared about how he was seen to
the public. This source was used in my project under the World War II sub tab under
Life so the viewer could see what Churchill looked like as the prime minister of
England.