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  • Castellated Beams - Handbook For Design, Das & Srimani (1984)

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    Ip Siu Hei
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    Castellated Beams Design

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    Castellated Beams-- Handbook for Design, Das & Srimani (1984)

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    Castellated Beams Design

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    768 просмотров49 страниц

    Castellated Beams - Handbook For Design, Das & Srimani (1984)

    Загружено:

    Ip Siu Hei
    Castellated Beams Design

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 49
    HANDBOOK FOR THE DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS P. K.DAS ANDS. L. SRIMANI eT g OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. NEW DALAT oMaAY ‘caLcuTEA (© 1984 Central Mechanica Bnginering Research Tstte, Dugapor Published by Moban Prima for Oxfocd & IBH Publishing Co. 65 Jarpath, Now Dethi 10001 and printed at Gidsoa Printing Works, (C130 Mayapurl Ind. Area, Phase Tl, New Delhi 10068 FOREWORD Tam gd hath Cosel Machi aginoing Resch ete hs vost sea ah dp of ig we oe se at ar nadont snopes rosuescmana fo ie gel Sound ypc ngs Ne ee eer of cpalued mans canbe ley paling genx he daa sf compe fifo ses ae a ee lacy Tare dru fie Se eee voy abies Toe al ety ein igen Tin very ky aH x pues of si tte Sete ro tobe to gh SOSSE Sarape wh te Acting Director General, aor. Drvestt MOHAN Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi PREFACE ‘Any material used in construction has to be rationally controlled. Scarcity ‘and rising costs make this necessity more acute day-by-day. Steel is a very important basic raw material for industrialsation and hed been receiving. attention from the Planning Commission even feom the very early stages of the country’s First Five Year Plan. Its Expert Committees concluded that a good proportion of the steel consumed by the structural steel industry _Pould be saved if more efficient procedures were adopted in the production ‘and use of steel. Castellated beams made from single rolled I-section or channel section by adopting modera techniques in fabrication can result in 4 great deal of economy in the use of stel in structural works wherea great proportion of steel produced in the country is utilised. ‘The handbook covers design principles, sectional properties and safe load tables of castellated beams nade from F-section and channel sections, design examples and fabrication requirements. The safe load tables aro based on. Vierendeel analysis although these beams can be designed by a number of methods is hoped thatthe handbook will be useful to the design engineers. ‘Any suggestions for further improvement of the handbook are most welcome and will be ereatfully acknowledged. Director, ror. $.K. Base Central Mechanical Bagineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal CONTENTS Foreword Preface Introduction List of Notations Chapter 1. Genenas, Chapter 2. VisrenDest, ANALYSIS Chapter 3. SscriONAL Propeermes Chapter 4, Sart LOAD Tapes Chapter 5. Fannicanic Chapter 6. Destow References Index 13 27 68 15 8 85 LIST OF NOTATIONS L_ = Length of the beam d= Depth of original rolled section ‘D_ = Overall depth of the beam B= Width of flange of the beam Thickness of flange ‘Thickness of web Depth of hole of eastellated beam Maximum width of hole ‘Spacing between two consecutive holes, ‘Length of the throat section or welded length Angle of cut Depth of the T:section 6g. distance of Z-secljon from the extreme fibre of flange = Half of the hole dept In = Not moment of inertia of a castellatéd beam Gross moment of inertia of a castellated beam Te = Moment of inertia of T-section Zax Net section modulus of castellated beam. 'S, = Section modulus of stem of 7-section ‘Sp = Section modulus of flange of T:section Ryy = Design radius of gyration about YY axis LK" = Average torsional constant Yq = Horizontal shear Sz = Shear capacity = Unit weight of beam section = Intensity of uniformly distributed superimposed load on beam Primary moment Shear force Stress due to primary moment at top fibre of open section bp © Stress due to primary moment at bottom fibre of open section f= Stress due to secondary moment at top fibre of open section bby = Stress due to secondary moment at bottom fibre of open section 4 Mu v E LUST OF NOTATIONS = Total stress at top fibre of an open section ‘Total stress at bottom fibre of an open section ‘Young's modulus CHAPTER 4 GENERAL Since the second world war, structural designers have explored many ways ‘of decreasing the cost of steel structures but hive often been prevented from utilising the high strength properties of structural steel by building code requirements on maximum allowable deflection. As a result ofthis requirement, several ingenious methods have been devised to increase the stiffness of steel members, without any increase in weight of steel retired. " Castellated beams are one of these solutions. JA spite of its Wide applications for use in different types oF strictires ‘in countrigs like the USA, West Germany, the U.K. etc., theit usé are still, imited in India. This is possibly due to the fack of suitable analysis and adequate design procedures to establish desig data which make their load carrying capacity uncettaln. To date, the behaviour of castellated beams is not fully known, due to the large number of parameters involved, even ‘though there have been inany studies conducted on such complet behaviour of castellated beams. in order to explore the full advaintage of such type of girders, the Céi- tral Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, carried out an exteiisive progiaimrit of the investigation of stiength and stiffiess of such tybe of ‘esind and to establish rational design tablés with referénce to all Indian Standard Rolled Sections so that these become popular in India and other countries of the world. The present handbook is the outcome of the above research programme. DEFINITION ‘Casteliated Beam’ is a name commonly used for type of expanded beam. Itis made by expanding a standaed rolled section in a manner which erea- tes a regular pattern of holes in the web. The name is derived from this pattera of web holes, because castllatod means “built like a castle having battlements or regular holes in the walls of a castle.” Figure 1.1 illustrates a web cutting pattera to make a castéllated beain kis made by separating a standard rolled shape ato two halves by cuttiig 2. DESION OF CASTELLATED BEAMS the web ina regular alternating pattern as shown. The halvesare rejoined by ‘welding, after offsetting one portion so thatthe high points of the web pattern come into contact to form a castllated beain (Fig. 1-2), Figure 1:3 shows @ cutting pattern in which the axis of the pattern is not parallel to tae flange. "This permits fabrication of tapered castllated beams shows in Fig. 1.4. ‘Tapered castellated beams are desirable and very economical for use ia industrial beats and sheds where the bending moment exhibits @ gradient from one end of the member to the other. Castelated beams can be made still deeper and stifer by. welding. rectangular shear plates between the crests of both halves of the original beam, These added plates ate called ‘increment plates’. The increment plates can be added both in non-tapered cor in tapered beams showa in Fig. 1.Sand Fig, 1.6 respectively. This is patti ‘ularly advantageous for laterally braced lightly loaded long spans where sti ness rather than stress is the governing factor, i.e; where deflection s the imit- ing design condition. This method of castellation can be applied to plates, to channels and other steel sections. It may also.be used for sections made of aluminium or any other weldable material. ADVANTAGES Castellated beams combine beauty, versatility, economy in steel désign ‘These are’ fabricated’ from standard rolled sections and are engineered to saye time of construction, enabling saving in. steet and reducing building costs, These are mainly désigned to reduce weight and at the same time increase the efficiency in structural performance. Their use and advantages, in construction are ilmost unlimited. Castellated bieams have lorig been recognised’ as advantageous strictural members for various’ parpos:s. The various advantages of these beams are: (a) lighter section, (b) high streusth to weight ratio, (@) on site adop- tion for utility lies, (4) reduced foundation costs, (e) less painting and ‘aintenance costs, (f) equal casein fabrication for making tapered sections, (@)cconomy in steel and overall costs, and (b) better aesthetic appeafances. ‘APPLICATIONS CCastellated beams find wide use in light to medium construction and me- ddiom to long spans. They are used in structures like commercial and i plication. The method is deseribed below. The total deflection of a casellated beam under uniformly distributed, load is considered to bethosum of two defections, primary and secondary. ‘The,primary, deflection (3,) is: obtained, by}. basig, beam bending deflection, foxmula,based.on average morsent of inertia ys) ofslidand open: sections, f0 elie on CAsnattATeD Boas Thus; yhere ‘W" is total load ey ‘The secondary deflection (6,) which arises dite to shear i computed as follows: ‘The deflection of a tapered cantilever, length (m-+e/2) may be approxi- ‘ated by a constant (minimum section) cantilever (shown by dashes) inthe Fe 24 inh (822). ia, 24 Type! pos or dstin clon. F) (mre? ()" In each perforation panel, deflection will be doubled, hence, per panel ng Line? Be Ele Defiection of-cantilever = sj gs ¥ind nite)? Total - 8,% 38 Er ‘HRence, total maximum defection ithe sum of 8 and 8, given by equa- tions 2 and 2.5 respectively es) DESIGN CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES ‘The practical approach for designing a castellated beam is to start with a speific:beam section and compute its capacity. In order to compute its © vantebest awAtysis ff capacity itis necessary to calculate the stresses atthe ctticalsection:of-each holes, thus increasing the number of calculutions’as the, number of ales in the beam increases, Therefore, a computer programme is deteloped:1o find out the eritical stresses in the beam and its capacity ‘To caleulate the beam capacity, a simple spen-beam is considered cacry- ing a unit uniform load. The compvter program calculates the stresses at exch. critical points along the length of the bear) and select maximum sivessanits location, From this maximum stress for unit load,-the beam eapecity forany particular allowable stress can be calculated. Apart from computing the Jong! ‘tudinal fibre stress, shear stress and deflections are also: calculated; These analysis are made for various beam and channel sections with-dil ferent spans. ‘The load tables are made in such a way that a designer can select a preli- sminary section for any uniform superimposed load. However, thers may be cortain situations when the loads other than uniformly distributed load and ‘beams with irregular holes may occur. Under such conditions, the designer ‘may seleot a trial castellated beam section by judgement and use of the load tables. Then the section is to be checked by computing the stresses with formulas mentioned earlior. ‘The maximum longitudival fibre stress generally governs the selection of ‘beam section but there are other stress conditions which must be examin- ed and coutrolled. These are Interal buckling, local buckling, web buckling, web bending and shear streskes. Lateral buckling and local buckling should be investigated with reference to allowable critieal compressive stresv", If the compression flange is continuously supported laterally by a deck or slab, stress reduction need not be considered. } ‘Web buckling of a casiellated beam due to the vertical shear should be investigated. The allowable unit stress in the solid web section can be cal- culated using the forzaula!™, ‘The above is a modified columa formula.and has been verified by ex- perimental work. "The allowable vertical shear-is the allowable unit stress given by the above formula multiplied by the cross sectional area of the solid web.panct at its least section, IF the vertical shear at any solid web in the beam exceeds this, value, then a stiffener will be required for as many panels as the shear is in excess ofthe allowable and is shown in Fig. .5., Usually a single vertical ‘bar stiffener added on one side of each solid web section is suficient for wed reinforcement, In general, castellated beams without increment plates do snot require stilfeners except for conditions of heavy loading. “Bending and shear stresses in the web eloments functioning as the verticals of the Vierendeel system is also required to be checked because in some 1 DESIGN OF castaLLATED BEANS cases like hexagonal holes with higher expansicn ratio: or gotagonal holes, the above stresses may be critical. For this che equation: 2.3.may be used for the-caleulation of shear force. Shear stress iscalculated using minimum throat area. In case of octagonal holes, the bending moment duc to this shear force has to be taken into account for-calculating the beading stress considering the depth of increment plate. IF the web bending stress exceeds the allowable stress, then the web must bbe reinforced with a vertical bar on: each edge of the increment plate at shown-in Fig. 2.6. Ifthe shear stress, exceeds the allowable, the web may. bereinforced by means. of a-bar or doubler plate: welded flat against the web as shown in-Fig. 2.7: BAR ON ONE SIDE ONLY Fig, 25 Web tackling relsforcemeat ONE BAR Fig. 26 Web bending reinforcement. URDeR SLUNG END / BAR ONE SIDE ONLY, K Fig. 2:7 Wob-shoarrelaforcemat, CHAPTER 3 SECTIONAL PROPERTIES AA typical castellated beam along with its two sections‘in solié and open panel is shown in Fig. 3.1. The igurealso describes the different parameters of the section. CasteRsted beams made from 48 Indian Standard rolled beams and 27 Indian Standard Channel Stetion have been considered for ‘properties calculations. These sections are designated, for example, like CLB 600 and CLC 400 corresponding to rolled beam ISLB-600 and Channel 1 ISLC 400" respectively, ole Aa 4 oo Tf Ty Pe} FL, Kesee seehrer Fig 34 ‘We Unit weight of beam section. Hine. cstance of Tsctlon rom extreme fibre of fangs. Iige-Gross moment of inertia ofa easellted bear, ft moment of inertia of eastelted beam, Moment of iertia of T-tetion, Ryy=Design rads of gyration about YY axis. 2xxc=Net section modus of casellated beam. soragetorafonal constant Se=Shear capacity. gle of eat Among the different variables, the expansion ratio and the welded length, i.e. the throat section have been considered. The angle of cut is kept at 60° and is not varied since it has got litle infuence on the overall strength of the beam. The expansion ratio is defined as expanded depth of castella- ‘ted beam divided by the original depth of rolled section. Two types of 14 DBSIGN OF CASTELLATRD BEAMS expansion ratio are only considered here namely 1.38 and 1.50, which are mostly used in practical cases, Also two variations of welded length are taken, ic, A/3 and A/4, “The properties tables give different salient dimensions of the beams and ferent other design parameters like moment of inertia, section modulus, radius of gyration, torsional constant ete, The torsional constant is based fon the average of solid and net section. Although these tables do not cover all the propertios for the design of castllated beam but these ‘properties like'area of web section and section moduli of T-sections can be fasily calculated from the tabulated values. For 2 particular expansion ratio, although the throat length varies, but most of the properties remain ‘unaltered, Only width, spacing of the hole and the shear eapecity varies. Hence it ig decided to present the properties for a particular expansion ratio with two different throat lengths considered above, in the same table. {The properties of different castellated sections with expansion ratio of 133 for different throat lengths A/4, A/3 are shown in Table 1 to Table 3. Similarly for expansion ratio of 1.5 with throat lengths A/4, A/3 are shown in Table 4 to Table 6. ‘The above tables also give the shear capacity f each sections. These are calculated from both horizontal and vertical shear. The minimum of the two values is considered for shear capacity, For the calculation of shear capacity due to horizontal shear equation 2.3 is used. ‘Shear capacity due,to vertical shear, may be calculated taking effective area of web’ in’ shear. However, in both the cases, an allowable shear sess of 945 kglem* is considered. For te caleulation of all the above properties, a generalised computer programme is developed in chapter 4 along with safe load calculations. =133) "Table 1. Dimensions abd proprio of castellatd see beams (expansion ratio: ” Dxk kgm mmcomm Designation ‘SECTIONAL PROPRTIES. 45 gggasgggguaaanenaaag SSSSTSSRSSRAA RARE SSSSSSSSSSHATRARARAE RARSARAARRRASARRARAE RRRASSERSERRAARASASE BRRSS SSR ERR RRRRRAAA gegeaageegenggegegae ERRRAESGS CRA ATAELSS agesgegaggaceacesas2 SGeeS eRe SSURARSE SARS gggegegegecesessaaea DEEERSERSEdeE Rec cecd 198 201 126 1a 246 246 26" De: as ae 2 196 tet 180 16h 160, tet 180 151 1s, 8 198 198 181 Rs un iz 300 cum 300 WH 300, cup 25 ‘Cont sucriowat properties ‘17 p09) wo es sr ae os osxoor orp si a7 _ 90 u » °9 oy ee suxect © OFTE Oot GND #0 u ® 2 oy +9 osxeer pa 001 81D zo ae B veo sLxeor ve Sat END. e st a 59 SLxsl STL SRE ID yor 0s 66 ot eorxoo: = OnzE OT ALO wor 06 6 we oe (x00 OSH OF END. wor 06 6 ars) oaxouz = OM (st ID ros 6 of oF osxooe Or os a st sor es ee saxez ree Sut aa a sos ooxez Ofer «SLT RD. sa sor is 89 osxee LSE Sut I st sor re a osxez ore sur aD ero 06 onlxssz one = doe aA oon “ for orev = Ove (One A oon Ys 4 oorxese = ovst a0 ID eon ve os oxo 08 oo a> or ser #9 6 ostx6se ste «See AD or ser sB- SL onrxese ete «| RRAND or set ei ores: ores Sz ID or sr ue os oxen Stk LD at Ost “ 06 oocxeee sor «Osea sr Ost 69 St | SUIMEEE © OrLe = OSTEND at ost rs ee Saxe Ou Ose I. w» ee am a ‘e y o © axa “ GeTopes uorrea) sure ays IAASRED Jo SHdOs! por swIONAR “~ ANE 16 ‘DRSiGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS ws oie sz &D wu ser0er core wie zuoist coe aH ri Saeeer ‘oF BID ost rset set #10 ses Gwirae ose gat wee 9s0se ose aN zene oae6ee os 1 we e06szh 0F a4 9% woes cor an wi wasest oor 1 sss S169 o5r aN sre 686008 ose ese Feis0s 05» 19 3x39 watess 00s Ea wu woecee 005 eH weer ev180L 0s 1D son coosust 055 aM sit S1096it oss aH # ‘yecont 565 18 os 1D weer Somer stor sserctz 009 89 sexu ausLt srust cre0s6t 09 ao, aro scast sree 009 aK | yet Lever won, ceuset 9 #19 eye et 2 0 ws 30 “> vo = 4 az ay tr ‘sr oY sonst comea) leo © * B&R ‘OFs00r = OND, g° 60 uy 6 s* wo uw ‘orxoot st 31D B. = ‘a u ss 2 te osxeet 001 WO —- wo oa u @ 5 ” or oexeet of 9D Sco mo ss %° oF Srxest oor 1D fo oo st 2 a os Soo S19 2 so om 6 st ». a rT 9x97 si 3D a. wom «a si » ES of O5x991 sat OD » 2 wor et tr a 6 vs sixooz 0st WD Bret ms a 6 ey sLx00e ost 1D Se @ 6 oe ssxoaz om 3 cl SG str ts sixeez sit nO ce ee oe str ts suxesz sur 3 xt ott StS st oe coxeee su OD oe Ocal ry 51x95 002 901 wt we eT ss six 02 019 we oe te re oxo ox D> cw om ata v9 exer szzONO nr a rr es 6x65 sz 90 te TL oexeee as¢on ae 19 cor onrxere ox oD we he wt sr oa 05x66 coe 30 me em eo ontxese oot 1D we a Te Set 1x99 oscono om mee a ie ve Str OLxoor ose 91D ei | a ae 99 est oorxces ron (oe are eee of om oorxzes __ wr oD. tives _Wy=? dy=s fives eeu S.6hCU eo mercer wonmsog, 0 = 5 ¥ . " axe 5 Cee =oppes ump) ag op PESTS Jo mada pa sEIONNCL “EERE, - wos =o to eon sm feerGtsor 02 em otk fer or ano fon Seer wt oF ele ooo tor 0 S01 ter ie st ee vee san fear or fe BT aL eee sem ere we far tt ost ex site we pea et ett ost ano cate we ee tot oaeet one sect ro se eo oss or at core rea fe reteset Suan once or eee en ie | ree sano Seas we ret tee et sire eet 0 fou ot ota iu a Sra we for eee te ato eeise oe fm re eae ream wean $ con we te me | Os etsoe we > a Ese seo to ee vot 19 Sor or Lime eee scx 2 eine ote tate fea S Sum ss coe GT reer sap a bine or oo tut fe aD teats fox tees Huneor STI oe ano 3 ae wi ferme ate ore ano 5 to i Cu oe LD. ose #1 gle a _ = “ cS en ve = acnecoseg 5 = z 4 7 7 7 Coma) = oe, 8 mee onan om ED oe eee omxar ter ean i ume ene oreory tinea Z et Sic oe toe taxon ee Sew & te ie Me Se Snes te ea 3 mou oi ie oa cons «ass Gitano mo om it ww ot once Sas GEEUND f Poe fc ee al ie Sis fe eee om om Om caves 3 thpano co meee ores «5B hen co mo mop 09 oe re = ee cone ve hams = oe a nn et = oy wom oo unis =f tpn os ue & cmon «Ese trans om Sy oe corxon eon SEEN oe wm om i cise Se OD = i oF i oot ora fan Gitano > . wo & & i rt = te @ i & ces = tn eS a a a cao tas Ube mom Oe te ae axon Leto aMD mo he ow fe oeoe Set MENS mo oe boa var wv=0 av=8 Wv=e me TY iat ete emt we , ee ee . 2 az aay a 1 " 20 DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS Cpe) € oe SecnONAL Proranrmss 23 22, DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS a meet cl SLXOSL oy #9 osxost ve on Seat 85 Svea vs on oor xsez eo oe xstz sy 89 onxsee oc oF osxsez er seixest a 06x90 re 68 05x 082 ze Oty osx t9t 1. 06 onxooe ce @O GOI x00E et or x008 ve os OXO0E $9 66 stare 45 et ontxate re 98 1x86 ces. OmXeCE (9 06 omexsue 69 tr sensi 19 susie ee ot osreer cscect sa aD we evose cd ‘0 aA we renst eoevie o0€ No ist o1ss91 syo1st oe aD ore vse sce @1D ae 5e alo wt Ose RD 16 oe TD oe 00F HAND 87 00 EHO wz oo 19 oe 0s BALD we 05 KO os or 1 eF 00s AD ore 005 GND Woe oe aD 7 055 aM “ie 08 KD sre os aD wr 009 AiO ar 009 AD we 009 WD Ie ssural ow 819 2 cod ad = sopeesisct ay or ‘ep 7 mea) We Secrionix rrorennes 45 24 DesGN OF CASTELLATED BiaNs pmo) 0 Ty=* s Wy= Cpe) = a6 26 pusGN OF GASTELLATED BEAMS x = wa e=AB 2ex 6 Coma kre 1 i tn Designation CHAPTER 4 SAFE LOAD TABLES ‘The calculations of safe uniform total superimposed loads of all the ceastellated beams and channels as mentioned in chapter 3 have been considered here. The safe load values in metric tons includes its own weight of the sections. The beam is assumed to be simply supported and restrained laterally throughout its length which mesns thet no reduction in ‘allowable compressive bending stress has been taken into account. An allowable bending stress of 1575 kgiem? is considered which is in accor- dance with LS. specification ™“"), The spans of various beams are varied within the practical limits as far as possible. ‘As before, variation of expansion ratio of 1.33 and 1.5 and welded leogth of A/4, A/3 is contjdered forall the beams and channels. The safe load values in metric tons bf all beams and channels corresponding to the combination of expansion ratio and welded length, aamely, (1.33, A/4), (1.33, A/9), (1.5, A/4) and (1.5, A3) are given in Tables 7, 8, 9 and 10 respectively. ‘The full line shown in the tables indicates that above the Tine, the loads, given can be allowed provided the webs are strengthened suitably for shear, In case of loads below the dotted line, the defiction exceeds the limit of 1/325 of the span. ‘Some beams in the smaller span region may not be economical from strength point of view: compared to rolled solid section. However, when the stifiness isthe main design criterion, it cam also be effectively utilised. Ta the calculation of all the given safe load tables, itis assumed that the compression flange is laterally resteained. However, in cases where this is tot 50, the actual allowable compressive bending stress isto be calculated from 1S. code!" and proportional reduction in load is to be made while ‘using the tables, At the same time, checks for other design oriteria are necessary to make. "A. generalised computer programmes made for the calculation of safe load tables, ¢ low chart of which is shown in Fig. 4.1, Identifiers used in the computer programme ate given separately. 28 estoy or Gadreutéreb deans a eT ur Ares ig] eu paoweew! TZ RAW, 2 ASL L2 S,0,BxPR, ATS, MSMIY.SG,SC.1K CG BEO,DW.WoR AES.XI5.xi6 nse sek cer CALCULATE a XMAS, lpsipse, 8A, 988 sGtiah Set 2) EeceeaD Se) FFig.4. Flow chert for ealculation of properties and eae superimposed Toad for castellatedsecdons. (Continued on page 23) SABE LOAD TADLES 29 sTRMAx=sv] [CALCULATE TSL,TDEF ADER| i [PRINT XL TOER ADEF,TSL BBDWCB EXPR] | 30 “DESIGN OF CASTELLATED neAMs IDENTIFIERS USED IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAMME SIG(I, J) ~ total stress at any critical point ‘I"of eastellated beam with respect to hole mumber I. BBD = basic beam depth of rolled section WCB = unit weight of basic rolled section w = width of flange of rolled section T thickness of flange of rolled section n thickness of web of rolled section A hole depth XIY = moment of inertia of basic rolled section about YY-axis XL = initial Jength of castellated section from which safe load values are required XL2 = final length of castellated section up to which safe load values are required c =-width of hole 8 spacing between two conseeative holes D depth of castllsted section EXPR expansion ratio xT ‘moment of inertia of tee section XIG = net moment of inertia of eastellated beam xs = moment of inertia of castellated beam at solid section, RYY = radius of gyration about YY-axis 8G ‘= net-seetion modulus sc = shear capacity 1K = torsional constant CGT = eg. distance of upper te from fop fibre XL actual length for which safe foad values are computed NHOLE = number of hole in half span XA = distance of point a’s near esch hole from support XB = distance of point b’s near each hole from support XMA = primary momeat at point ‘a’ XMB primary moment at point ‘b* PSA primary steess at point ‘a’ PSB primary stress at point °b* SSA = secondary stress at point ‘a? SSB__= secondary stress at point ‘b" TSL = total safe superimposed load SkPE LOAD raBteS ‘31 TDEF = total deflection at centre of beam ADEF — = maximum allowable defection STRAL — ~ allowable stress SM ‘maximum stress near a particular hole of a beam STRMAX = maximum stress in the beam SAFH LOAD.TADLES, 33 S88: gsdedegaw g| Seeaase ee oe ss oe Se ot £5 oe Ss id er oF 6 0 g i Ee $2 panos or cAsELLATID anus b SaVOSEEUSERG oat 08 ano ABS SRN SSS, B33: SAFE LOAD TABLES. 35 34 DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS (nea) or es Te a oar fe a * ss 06 wz | te ot us 06 8 re bs ve 09 at o H co Les » a se ez ont 86 99 sk ot 6z er Tor eh OL 83 te AB OE a 9 a Lol) 9 ow $8 oi : 3 ost vet € st s | ote sr zo or os rs +5 ext est ru sr : os yo aut et oF us see £00 om se pil 1 vee ote out oF = os ate ox vor st _ 66 oP se 1 ot Ey # enero oe sz we we we oz a a) _UNvas ab mo ma a a ow on oe on oz ow or om oor oor $6 56 06 os se se oe oe i se oc ou 59 59 08 09 °s es os os st sb oF oF se st of o¢ sz sz | 7 oz | (ony sz o0e 00 oe sce ose ose ose Gan | INYaS oat wo woe aD exo aKD ep Nvas | Cone) 1 oe, SAPS LOAD TAMLES 37 36 ESION OF CASTELLATED nEAMs Cpmeo) aL Show Loa tances, 39. (pmep) 06 7 06 8 os 58 os oF se st es oo su vs or Le os st on se ee oz 3° a ez 09 ou 59 se st zz sr a re 53 09 ot sr vy rs t es ts ve 08 ss gt ot ss os ote zw os sh 9s vz ¥6 - 1. a aM : se re ox 99 ‘ &6 s8 es oa se zs tL ” ror ror 2 on ot vy 58 t us sw ra oe aot se ss wo tL est nt a zt zt ta 8 om ow T a ror = Gone ost sit sit su 002 ca oe se er Sb om om ORD OTD OND NUS ost rs oor ost : vs ost om ce 2 on ovr om ca ze 56 oe ou : zs ss va se cor ote om 59 58 ze ss Z. .omr oor ¥s st vL ror #6 var our 56 ts 6 su gor 66 oer 56 06 o3 os ou EM sce Ts rx 06 58 ¥9 8 ee on or 8 oe 09 PoE OH ET oe eu ze oot v6 vr sa 90 st tw. ee cor vor ver oa ot ae £3. isn | oor vor oo 9 2 os 06 su en srs zz 908 @ oof 6 ser ou eat out ™m ve ss BOS sor ont roc eae asp ou 99 est cme Swe EB oor ea sar cur Te cee tee co ov gost vst em tte ose oe tie Soe eu we se ete ee oo Sse rte rem st Zz vz ove oz 2 eo ose os oo COE 5 ose cor cor a Nvas Or OO OR 0 ON om On Om ava Covers ee rds oxy Jo sz J 1 aN spomHD wONBERNP ome POHEP AY oT SPE] JOO SE = sno eye oom an a op anagem LNB Meg POT TEN i we aa ae 3 m ws Se oe 3 a ue ts Ee foe $ ie EE “a a se OF a g OnE a oo ss ewe ost on Fae on cm __ #2 ost tr |_tee oz ee | te on re ot oor ote Ps & & $3 fe s Bm te a fa Ee ee Sate a te is 5 OB 8 ip g fin PS a ar be f Sa Os § & 0am) a Ba v= pon r= Oe wets son stan 08s ep spe en Poe) Set PsN HEN ES “SEL — a o8 2g ss ss ee os Z sy ¥0. £0 st sv ee oF a ee Sooo tt a er Boost a | 9% st 5 ot iL sl. ee oz So ee st Boe a a 5 oor Gun) Nvas OND OD OND vas = CrmeD) L918 Sate vost eats 13 42 pekie O cadrmLAT=D neha ov e +8 68 6 8 66 s8 oF 591 08 st vw su ox oz on 3 59 09. om va sz site 09 3 est we 8 si ss. os sor wo UE ed es os SP oa re ove we Da st oF rd ove rH oe eee oy $e oe oer ot ea se oe ta we ss vm oe ve st ree iW ce ws re sz oz eu om bss 598 ows oz st v6 a6 ous ows st on on oe 50 vu 6 or coon) coe see ose, ose, ose Canorg Nvas > a wo woe NVas ow oot oer ou oor ot oot on on om oor 56 os se # oe am og at i OR i Ss ie $5 ce Ey ce aS at re ss ce gee is os te fe £9 sy i Se oe oy fie Es ou gE oe oa se 3 Oth us oe ie a oat st se 8g on at a oss 6 andor com OOS 008 we NvS ann aK Sare.LOAD amy 45, 44 pasion oF cASTRLLATED neAME p19) ter 6 em ve 60% sr oe. ove oor aa xo aN 1 (pe) 6 SARE LOAD TABLES: 42 46. pastas OF CASTELLATED BEAMS go oe emp) eC yas 91 OKO. ———————— SAVE LOAD TABLES 49 48 DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS oT (my) or oor oor se sc sah ost Rvs OW DOWD 2m OW Dom OKD sit 008 00 oO oN OD Come) 9 Se, ear) Nyas (me) sare Loap tancis Sf “ub so sea 30 a pasoK9 oTOGNP oH OU PSHOP stp moja] SPE JO BSE UT" — one SH ov et Se 4 id ee 9.02 ger ae ate ria oe sx ote our ost ad owe oie oor ad ie sat tis The vee 0 Ss Sue fe Pot oe ase S08 oat 55t tee tse So Ele sue Se on eur 0 99, eR. Se oF Sve ou Ai eee re £99 sep sve ost Baas zee 348 i Bag ag 32 | .|sseeeBf ow a @©@fsesess a & & # #§& 8 8 B 8 i rr | 4 -. ss a ae gz SPE sodas ro) MOjUN aS 6 EL ‘amn LOAD ThBiES 53 52. DISION OF CASTELLATED BEAMS Coeo) oor 56 os se oe st ou (peo) 6 NL Shee LOAD Tada 53 34 pBscaw oF CAétanLATED meus sit suk 8 (Comp 6 oL ca SA#E Load rable pitGl Or CASTELLATED i mea) 6 os sa se oe os se si oe se st ez ot 55 ty se +z $3 as of ot s er ot os ss fe zz os oY 8. ss os oe vt es ze os st ov ez. os os st s? oF ss Loot | £9 6E or st rs ve ra ue sr se or 6s or we st zs ot sz 6 s* ve oL ¥s st oz 2 + ze 6 os oz a 59 ay ¥6 ” oot 6 v8 st o o 1s ot eum) —_ost ost sit a ar ox a | Nas OOOO ODOM, OTD 3D oo _Nvas ost 6 ¥8 ost ost “ os ost om ro 9% ow on zm yor. or on "9 ” ta mow om st a. tae oon oot zs | sm yt or ss 8 mi est tH se vs oF re Te wr 86 os se rs on ests oss mm 6 rt aro sae eo For wm est ofS en on our ot 59 ak va ett sic $9 09 ee oe oz sz vm 09 ss _6t en OW om mess os ae zr est ou Os sh Le ou OT yay oy co va out oz rz se oom ra a ve ost our re out me eet stow so cat st ot at em oz (on _ste one oe Ose cor Oh nD Nvas__ OD, ono oom OND DNV neo) 6 oe, 36 es Aare Lok rankes ° 83 $8 padiow oF cadtetzatep Beand sods og) J set J 7 sng 29 fens panountuon cpm) eee aoe a9 eye Ste ou en Be be os fa Sie we Fat £5t ost Vet Foe cu 9708 s9 51. car 5% 1s oz 3s 34 ove $y 6a 3e Tae fd Se Sue oe te fhe ee tae BOE 8 Sse re fee Yee 8 oa oe ose td Ee a iia ey oor ose fee se ese oe Os ee ie fe et Ter Gor See a oer ey Sty os Oo Sie £0 ase oe cor ea oe ss foe oy op Oe Se re te Sa oe oe oy Se Be oa 55 car re St 8 ag ty 59 ae ie fo eS o zie ep tee ere sie re for 4 83 He iy ee fat £05 eo re oe 08 gz ew ew out $i eo zsr ss se str st exe oss ots 99 os ze esr ov fo ozs Toe es 5 ve eb Ea ee oe 005 O55 O55 O55, 2 oe ooo one ap aK ano =D aN ao Wp Nvas y= pop IS T= oH vp sung upsnaeo any odd 09 aeape Aas) (90) 9HE) psoas poy MFM 78S “SHE, = 8 7 Ha o os ott ce oo oe ot oot a soot ee iE 7 _ 7. st + oo or ate 9 os oe ee A oe oe om rr 7 NV on 9D OND OD BS peo) 6 ee, SAPB LOAD TABLES 61 66 DaS(ON de CASTELLATED Head ema) vas, ose o8r eNO, Save LOAD TABLES “63 62 DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS ou caer) Nvas +—_—_~1 pmeD) OF on) Nyas “Bhiie LOND ‘ebus 65 (64 DESIGN OF CASTELLATED BEAMS ee st se ot of a cs 6 ob re ts ez 9s oz vs st 6s ve 09 oe roe re 69 vr se oP sur sur #1 a Coe3) oF 881 nels Kitt bo old Ue i te 3 connsesgal SAFE LOAD TABLES 67 nba bat te noadzosiorg a0 b Lollaee nuevo art sesabyaa fsitey asi yb ba rote a ots) rt cut suse Yo tox itsup ns. hw s 2 o Rbk B® sos Short (eemeere ees ce aS ie eee Ao oS « om 8 im fos Ss 8 &£ € @ &€ 8 & & B £ 8 8 & 8 H & 5 st st a9 *Y sal & os or st Be ete te ite oe er a ro we 95 85 SS oS St Sevas s Comme) ox tes, CHAPTER 5 FABRICATION Considering that fabrication procedures for construction of castellated ‘beams are one of the major factors for achieving overall economy in the application of such beams, these are deserted here in brief based on avail- fable literatures "7-2°:211 and the experience gained during the manufacture of such beams. Jointings of castellated beams are necessary when such beams are used jn industrial sheds or grid type structures, In fact, eflicient joining at inter- section point of such beams play the important role of load transferring from joints to the members and continuity in the structure, So, this js sls0 Fea TTS AE =380.em Shear (V) at ends ~12796 kg. Shear at centre Fone (12796 +0] $6398 ke, pai (on-+6) =(175+15)~32.5 om E =2.05%10°kglem? r= 72.59 emt Deflection due to shear by ean. (2.5) of solid section: 6398 2 12%2.5 4 2050000 772.55 0.069 era Total deflection at contre=3.80 + 0.069 3.869 om L

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