Urinary Tract Obstruction

Common Location Of Kidney Stones

- Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ)
- The Crossing of The Ureter over the area of the iliac vessels
- The Ureterovesical Junction (UVJ)
Clinical Symptoms & Presentation :
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction ( Kidney & Ureter)
- Flank Pain, Ipsilateral Back Pain, Ipsilateral Groin Pain
- Intermittent & colic pain
- May Nausea & Vomiting
- May also hematuria
- May present Uremia symptoms include ( weakness, peripheral
edema, mental status changes, and pallor).
- If Hydronephrosis, kidney may be palpable
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction ( Bladder & Urethra)
It can be classified into 2 type

Voiding (Obstruction)
- Hesitancy
- Straining
- Weak Flow
- Terminal dribbling
- Retention
- Overflow Incontinence
Storage (Irritative)
- Frequency
- Urgency
- Nocturia
- Urge Incontinence
- Small voided volume
- Pain
Treatment
Hydration and analgesia are the initial treatment.
Kidney stones < 5 mm in diameter can pass through the urethra;
stones < 3 cm in diameter can be treated with extracorporeal
shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous
nephrolithotomy, or retrograde ureteroscopy.
Preventive measures include hydration; additional prophylaxis is
depen- dent on stone composition.