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1. READING
Select a title from the list of Recommended titles for independent reading in AP Literature and
Composition that begins on page 8. This list is not a comprehensive list of appropriate titles that
constitute recommended reading for AP Lit, but is a compilation of novels and novellas that have
been referenced on AP Lit exams. If you wish to select a book that is not on this list, you MUST
receive permission from the teacher first.
2. WRITING
PART I Major Works Data Sheets
Complete a reading log for the each of the four titles above. The format for the reading log is presented
below as a Major Works Data Sheet, or MaWDS, for short. MaWds are presented in PDF format
in a link on the web page beneath this assignment. MaWDS MUST be written by hand! Make sure to
read the information beginning on page 3 before and while you are completing the MaWDS, especially
for genre, autobiographical, and historical information!
http://www.questia.com/Index.jsp
http://www.ipl.org/div/litcrit/
http://www.nybooks.com/
http://www.galenet.com/servlet/LitIndex
http://www.jstor.org/
http://www.nytimes.com/pages/books/
Unfailingly useful print materials include: Norton Critical Editions of books, titles by Harold Bloom,
Chelsea House Publications (or any titles in the following series: Blooms Literary Criticism,
Blooms Modern Critical Interpretations, Blooms Modern Critical Views, or Blooms Literary
Themes), titles published by Gale Group, titles published by Blackwell Publishing, introductions to
novels that provide a critical perspective on the book.
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3. VOCABULARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
Complete flash cards by hand for the lists of words that are presented on page 6.
Complete the flash cards according to the format presented after the lists of vocabulary words.
Use these words as often as you can in ALL written responses composed for this assignment.
Highlight the use of each word by underlining, circling or highlighting it.
QUOTES
When discussing a Memorable Quote in your Reading Log, select quotes that are memorable because of
literary elements or literary style.
By literary elements we mean
theme
characterization
setting
symbolism
imagery
foreshadowing
syntax
tone
When we ponder the significance of a memorable quote, we should consider why the quote is relevant
to the meaning of the work as a whole. This concept of relevance to the meaning of the work as a
whole needs to become second nature to you as a reader.
Some of the questions that can be posed and responded to in pursuit of discussing the significance of a
quote or passage from a larger work include:
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characteristics of the selected genre: Identifying characteristics will require some research. In the era of
internet search engines, this will not be a demanding task.
point of view: First-person, Third-person, Omniscient. As above, research P.O.V. to learn more about it. How
does the authors choice of P.O.V. relevant to the meaning of the book?
plot summary outline: Limit yourself to the allotted space. Be concise; choose your words carefully.
authors biographical information: Provide information that helped shape the author and influence his or
her writingdetails of the authors life relevant to the book itself.
historical information about period of publication: Identify historical data that influenced the authors
writing or that is relevant to the novel itself.
characters: Identify and describe the protagonist, the antagonist and other major characters in the book. Rely on
language of the text as well as your own interpretation and characterizations.
memorable/cogent/central quotes: Although they will be brief, each is significant to the meaning of the
work as a whole; each is multi-layered in its meaning. Provide citations.
literary techniques: Identify passages of the text illustrate at least one literary technique. Provide citations.
setting: Setting includes the temporal and the physical. Setting also includes the emotional and psychological.
mood: An atmospheric or emotional quality generated by the language of the text.
symbols: Symbols are examples of figurative language; they are metaphorical. Unlike metaphors or similes
though, symbols possess both literal and figurative meaning all at once.
themes: Theme is NOT story or plot summary. Theme is the articulation of a truth communicated by the book as
true in real life as in the fictional universe of the novel. Themes are complete declarative statements, not single
words or phrases.
opening scene significance: Every choice an author makes is deliberate. Big choiceslike an opening
sceneare significant to the meaning of the work as a whole. What is the significance of the opening scene?
closing scene significance: Every choice an author makes is deliberate. Big choiceslike a closing scene
are significant to the meaning of the work as a whole. What is the significance of the closing scene?
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historical criticism is concerned with the effects of a writers historical milieu, such as race, place, and
time upon the literary work. How does the authors historical setting influence the piece? Think of
Langston Hughess Dream Deferred. This is a work that needs to be approached from an historical
critical method in order to fully understand the power behind it.
formalism takes place when a careful, thoughtful, and well-informed reader judges the merit of a work
as a whole. The focus is on the work itself and its creative components and how they work together. This
form of criticism is applied by those taking the AP Exam as students when asked to analyze a piece and its
merit based on what they know of literary techniques, structure, and style.
psychoanalytic criticism is most often evaluating the psychological position of the author or character
of a work to give meaning to or deeper insight into a work of literature. The story by Joyce Carol Oates
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is better understood when applying this type of
criticism for the main character Connie.
feminist critique seeks to correct a perceived imbalance between power ascribed to males in society as
opposed to power given to the female members of society. This type of criticism might point out how a
perceived weakness of a female character might actually not be a weakness but a different type of
powerful action than is typical of a male character. Or, this type of criticism might point out how the
organization of society and what the culture teaches subconsciously perpetuates male domination of
society and the women in this society.
socio-political criticism is close to historical criticism, but it looks at the social situation of the author.
This type of criticism brings to the forefront a political awareness of societys downtrodden and
oppressed. This type of criticism often colors our attitudes toward a literary work of merit and whether or
not we embrace it wholly. Chinua Achebes criticism of Heart of Darkness as laced with racism is a
sociopolitical approach as it exposes the bias of the author. It also calls into question how we view this
piece of literatureis it a perfect model critiquing imperialism, or is it flawed in the sense that it points
out the overt abuse of imperialism but neglects to expose the covert attitude and inherent tendencies of
European society naming cultures other than white as savage.1
post-colonial criticism Post-colonial critics are concerned with literature produced by colonial powers
and works produced by those who were/are colonized. Post-colonial theory looks at issues of power,
economics, politics, religion, and culture and how these elements work in relation to colonial hegemony
(western colonizers controlling the colonized). Therefore, a post-colonial critic might be interested in
works such as Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe where colonial "...ideology [is] manifest in Crusoe's
colonialist attitude toward the land upon which he's shipwrecked and toward the black man he 'colonizes'
and names Friday" (Tyson 377). In addition, post-colonial theory might point out that "...despite Heart of
Darkness's obvious anti-colonist agenda, the novel points to the colonized population as the standard of
savagery to which Europeans are contrasted" (Tyson 375). Post-colonial criticism also takes the form of
literature composed by authors that critique Euro-centric hegemony.2
1
2
http://www.flvs.net/students_parents/documents/pdf/lterary_criticism.pdf
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/722/10/
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Book Title:
Chapter Title/Number
Setting
Significant descriptions:
(physical/psychologicalcite page #)
Literary Elements/Style
Reflection/Analysis/Significance
Literary Elements
Theme
Characterization
Setting
Symbolism
Imagery
Foreshadowing
Style
Diction
Syntax
Tone/Mood
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Verbs
Adjectives
Assert
Clarify
Constrain
Construe
Convey
Create
Demonstrate
Depict
Discern
Dispel
Elucidate
Embody
Empower
Enhance
Exemplify
Foreshadow
Hint
Imply
Inspire
Manipulate
Meander
Pervade
Portray
Predict
Refute
Repudiate
Reveal
Solidify
Sustain
Transcend
Aloof
Antagonistic
Benevolent
Boring
Cold
Condescending
Confused
Cultured
Desolate
Dramatic
Filmic
Frivolous
Humorous
Impious
Malevolent
Mournful
Objective
Ornate
Pedantic
Picturesque
Pious
Pompous
Restrained
Sentimental
Serene
Somber
Subjective
Tranquil
Trite
Wary
Vocabulary word
Example sentence (word used in context):
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DITTSSING TEXTS
are you
What
Im dittssin
a passage
doing?
D
I
T
T
S
S
I
N
diction
imagery
tone
(mood too!)
technique
structure
style
ideas
or
intentions
narrator
What are some specific words that seem to carry special (sometimes curious, strange, ambiguous)
meaning in context of the passage? Any words with a certain connotation? We want to use statements
like, The author uses [this word] to imply/connote/symbolize in order to show [something that relates
to the authors purpose/main idea]. We want to avoid statements like, The author uses words to
convey meaning.
Sensory imagery? Animal imagery? Battle/military? Nature? If so, why does the author use this type of
imagery? What aspect of a setting or character does it draw attention to?
What is the attitude of the author seen through language? Look at your list of tone words (such as
admiring adoring, affectionate, appreciative acerbic, ambivalent, angry, annoyed, etc.). This is not the
same as mood, which is the feeling evoked by the writing (calm, cheerful, contemplative cold,
confining, confused, etc.). Are there any changes in tone? Why?
What are other techniques used from your literary terms you need to know? While this is a catch-all
repository for dozens of possible techniques, it is not an open invitation to write a shopping list. It is
better to have three techniques that are supported by examples and related to an authors intention
than ten techniques listed in a vacuum.
What is unique about each paragraph or stanza? How is one paragraph or stanza different from the
adjacent ones? What is the progression of the passageis it moving towards some kind of conclusion
or realization? Are there sharp contrasts anywhere that indicate a shift in topic, time, perspective?
Why? Look too at sentence structure. Why might some sentences be long and others short?
While technique looks at specifics, style looks at the overall work. Is it an academic style? Is it
impassioned and romantic? Is it terse and muscular like Hemingways prose? Does it appear to be a
neoclassical, romantic, realist, modernist, or postmodern work? This is tricky, and it takes much
exposure to different eras and authors in literary periods. If youre not sure, leave this one alone.
What appears to be an understanding the author is expressing through the craft of his/her writing?
While this may be grandiosesome eternal truth about the human conditionit may very well be more
modest in its claims, like the bliss of solitude, like a sweet but fragile childhood memory of ice cream,
like an inherently awkward coming-of-age scene. Be sure to avoid broad and vapid claims such as,
This poem is about life. (Arent they all?) What, specifically, about life?
Who is the narrator? First- or third-person? (second is rare) Omniscient or limited? What are the limits
to the narrators perspective? Why? What is the relationship between the narrator and elements/people
in the passage? Is the narrators account reliable? How does the narrators tone characterize him/her?
Who is the audience? How is the writing tailored to that audience?
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This list is not a comprehensive list of appropriate titles that constitute recommended reading for AP Lit, but
is a compilation of novels and novellas that have been referenced on AP Lit exams (years in parentheses). If
you wish to select a book that is not on this list, you MUST receive permission from the teacher first.
Beloved by Toni Morrison (90, 99, 01, 03, 05, 07, 09,
10, 11)
A Bend in the River by V. S. Naipaul (03)
Billy Budd by Herman Melville (79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 99,
02, 04, 05, 07, 08)
Black Boy by Richard Wright (06, 08, 13)
Bleak House by Charles Dickens (94, 00, 04, 09, 10)
Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya (94, 96, 97, 99, 04,
05, 06, 08)
The Blind Assassin by Margaret Atwood (07, 11)
The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison (95, 08, 09)
Bone: A Novel by Fae M. Ng (03)
The Bonesetters Daughter by Amy Tan (06, 07, 11)
Brave New World by Aldous Huxley (89, 05, 09, 10)
Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat (13)
Brideshead Revisted by Evelyn Waugh (12)
Brighton Rock by Graham Greene (79)
Broken for You by Stephanie Kallos (09)
The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevski (90,
08)
Brown Girl, Brownstones by Paule Marshall (13)
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Candide by Voltaire (80, 86, 87, 91, 95, 96, 04, 06, 10)
Catch-22 by Joseph Heller (82, 85, 87, 89, 94, 01, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 11)
The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger (01, 08, 11, 13)
Cats Eye by Margaret Atwood (94, 08, 09, 13)
The Centaur by John Updike (81)
Ceremony by Leslie Marmon Silko (94, 96, 97, 99, 01, 03, 05, 06, 07, 09, 12)
The Cider House Rules by John Irving (13)
The Chosen by Chaim Potok (08, 13)
Cold Mountain by Charles Frazier (06, 08)
The Color Purple by Alice Walker (92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 05, 08, 09, 12, 13)
Coming Through Slaughter by Michael Ondaatje (01)
Copenhagen by Michael Frayn (09)
The Country of the Pointed Firs by Sarah Orne Jewett (10)
Cry, The Beloved Country by Alan Paton (85, 87, 91, 95, 96, 07, 09)
Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevski (76, 79, 80, 82, 88, 96, 99, 00, 01,
02, 03, 04, 05, 09, 10, 11)
The Crossing by Cormac McCarthy (09)
E
East of Eden by John Steinbeck (06)
Emma by Jane Austen (96, 08)
Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton (80, 85, 03, 05, 06, 07)
G
A Gathering of Old Men by Ernest Gaines (00, 11)
Germinal by Emile Zola (09)
A Gesture Life by Chang-Rae Lee (04, 05)
Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen (00, 04)
The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy (10, 11, 13)
The Golden Bowl by Henry James (09)
The Good Soldier by Ford Maddox Ford (00, 11)
The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (95, 03, 06, 09,
10, 11, 12, 13)
Great Expectations by Charles Dickens (79, 80, 88, 89, 92,
95, 96, 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 10, 12, 13)
Go Tell It on the Mountain by James Baldwin (83, 88, 90,
05, 09)
Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift (87, 89, 01, 04,
06, 09)
I
The Iliad by Homer (80)
The Inheritance of Loss by Kiran Desai (10)
In the Lake of the Woods by Tim OBrien (00)
In the Time of Butterflies by Julia Alvarez (05)
Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (76, 77, 78, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91,
94, 95, 96, 97, 01, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13)
J
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte (78, 79, 80, 88, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 00,
05, 07, 08, 10, 13)
Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee (99, 10, 13)
The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan (97, 03, 13)
Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding (99)
Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy (71, 76, 80, 85, 87, 95, 04, 09, 10)
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair (77, 78, 82, 88, 89, 90, 96, 09)
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L
A Lesson before Dying by Ernest Gaines (99, 11)
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott (08)
Look Homeward, Angel by Thomas Wolfe (10)
Lord Jim by Joseph Conrad (77, 78, 82, 86, 00, 03, 07)
Lord of the Flies by William Golding (85, 08)
The Loved One by Evelyn Waugh (89)
Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich (95)
M
Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert (80, 85, 04, 05, 06, 09, 10)
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets by Stephen Crane (12)
Main Street by Sinclair Lewis (87, 09)
Mansfield Park by Jane Austen (03, 06)
The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy (94, 99, 00, 02, 07, 10, 11)
The Member of the Wedding by Carson McCullers (97, 08)
The Memory Keepers Daughter by Kim Edwards (09)
Middlemarch by George Eliot (95, 04, 05, 07)
Middle Passage by V. S. Naipaul (06)
The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot (90, 92, 04)
Miss Lonelyhearts by Nathanael West (89)
Moby Dick by Herman Melville (76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 89, 94, 96, 01, 03, 04,
05, 06, 07, 09)
Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe (76, 77, 86, 87, 95, 09)
Monkey Bridge by Lan Cao (00, 03)
The Moors Last Sigh by Salman Rushdie (07)
Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf (94, 97, 04, 05, 07, 11)
My ntonia by Willa Cather (03, 08, 10, 12)
My Name is Asher Lev by Chaim Potok (03)
Obasan by Joy Kogawa (94, 95, 04, 05, 06, 07, 10)
The Octopus by Frank Norris (09)
The Odyssey by Homer (86, 06, 10)
Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck (01)
Old School by Tobias Wolff (08)
Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens (09)
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn
(05, 10)
One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey (0, 121)
One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez (89, 04,
12)
O Pioneers! by Willa Cather (06)
The Optimists Daughter by Eudora Welty (94)
Orlando: A Biography by Virginia Woolf (04)
Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood
The Other by Thomas Tryon (10)
Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens (90)
Out of Africa by Isaak Dinesen (06)
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The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne (71, 77, 78, 83, 88,
91, 99, 02, 04, 05, 06, 11)
The Secret Life of Bees by Sue Monk Kidd (13)
Sent for You Yesterday by John Edgar Wideman (03)
A Separate Peace by John Knowles (82, 07, 13)
Set This House on Fire by William Styron (11)
The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (97)
Silas Marner by George Eliot (02)
Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser (87, 02, 04, 09, 10)
Sister of My Heart by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (10)
Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut (91, 04)
Snow by Orhan Pamuk (09)
Snow Falling on Cedars by David Guterson (00, 10, 12)
A Soldiers Play by Charles Fuller (11)
Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison (81, 88, 96, 00, 04, 05, 06,
07, 10, 13)
Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence (77, 90)
Sophies Choice by William Styron (09)
The Sorrows of Young Werther by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
(13)
The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner (77, 86, 97, 01, 07,
08, 13)
The Stone Angel by Margaret Laurence (96, 04)
The Story of Edgar Sawtelle by David Wroblewski (11, 13)
The Stranger by Albert Camus (79, 82, 86, 04)
The Street by Ann Petry (07)
Sula by Toni Morrison (92, 97, 02, 04, 07, 08, 10, 12)
Surfacing by Margaret Atwood (05)
The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway (85, 91, 95, 96,
04, 05, 12)
V
The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith (06)
Victory by Joseph Conrad (83)
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