NATIONALIZING BLACKNESS SEAESARITIAS TTI S IIIT TE Affocubanismo and Artistic Revolution in Havana, 1920-1940 ROBIN MOOREoop nn ‘Brest del paar ‘etiam dco reonar umn vor de dlr gue leno tama (bp i atin dia qu ta elo aul blr ella?etoile acl cnn pets bth edinnndeny mnie aco lnkerent appositional potential of comparsas, ti this multifucsted catund ‘cuinntiaiercdiotubton decent stecosransctaon, (MMM, ECHALE SALSITA Senin acess oy plan nese ‘anna npeeset-dy Cae. Sones and Musical Revéluion SELES CLEC IPSLEEEIEELETIEEET ‘ender’ tay "tenpaay at of his ‘iad emp. okey he ano car lry wethe pe obe Biche The ge Bi tg mete Rodguc no. tin sate ewer fn einen php yee Epub perigr i ab pra sore om nyo tan tlre, “own adtg orc Ax esotuier of catural change emphasise the conaracted and tan Sent nate ofall attest. They suggest ht clare i nat uel or atealy"pued dwn bat acest wih cach roe ‘ha celery wil paca ble nd values The esos thee feve perpen, and dane of cul practic re complex and eet ‘ree actor nating oioesnom tren polices tecnologia evelopment, and resting hangs ia how inividals eoacne of the shan the elation tote ingen agp coneving felts ‘eontoted married” containing symbole charge amets Dat ‘econ eeayted nem oft loinc 90,25) ‘Calta agen ts mae vale on engeing gue vith ecting sod ofr and ies abou such behvig ada perpetuation eee ‘on, or tration of radios in igh ofthe persed mersngs he reset Ln uta, potchoni ect the eapagand egg of eb “her cukure fogs inves ston by pyre rong th is ‘of athe tems imponed fom abo” Thelen reconalaion| ‘Sf dominant cra exesion with theron i and custome typcy ‘els in the cmegeneo ner aythee ad fora far expres{hisinterpeneraion oat spere wich Blan deers "he a ‘cation of heterogeneous words the sralksacuscsimegrton and ‘rmaton a ealurens confi eavionment (oo). Controversies over minority acl a acy ied tes ofen eft jdgments 1 whether auch practices confer et. Isbed notions of aleve entity The expression of minorities ean te pt. ied (and faction) a fom of yma estan chaleng th posed cure ofthe sory Alteran thi cpl ee the ‘as of syst orms—subuhern clare can be ceeds apropied| toes nan atempe 0 pay dowa soc dferencs and wo spell ‘ata the denanchised lt he gion oc ation. Catal heen ‘ons natal lee ental + consan formation of the norms of ou behaviors ato ince and they nectle a lt ome oppositional {irmsofexpresionsocted withers Tropa bonne goa ‘he domino css are thus fore to act thee arr of thas they reps. "The eling fiction redone the oppstonl potential of «ig by attempting to consist «nto cnsensis af meaning and eng hoot whe subordinace groups are to mack thi doy sept ‘om the feeling action” Call 9 397 Thi chopter suse the history of urban or dance music in Havana in terms teary performance win the wrking-dasAfoeban om ity its rodaly increasing popularity, nde evel ransfortion ao sation culture” The hater locus pce onthe pred om 923 "rogh 5comideredby moslorsantoe the eyday ofthe geen inal comercial frm (Reyes 9) 1 drs the cll ne f the St conjure (Bands) and mills aids toward tem hen a Iyzs the performance of tnarin cada dc eet pndens and pete tis and ter gradual penetration of nd dinersnnton through he mas ‘nea. Finally the chpterdocumest the changing ates of Cubs ee sand mile ses toad son mused dace begining bout gas Re astra if om plies of ple repression nd open condernation ofthe ew ts general aczptance withthe space of sly «Ew yous. Sot ‘ald as medsting sista ad elope betmeen theca pa ‘ies of wtking-das Afoataae andthe whe and Back mile case, CContestulizng the Modern Urban Son For any years an insignificant reo fo gene om in ise fo a cometh ost inlet Cuban muse ofthe twentieth cota is de, serbed by prominent cites athe "Caan gave pr elie” the "no ronsexponent most epee of anal clue” (Letin py Url a snc pan icons oe ct part fase mig in be Tian bem ty Ss iesel poo commen hs ‘hey ingot ato yond oh rls Cin pence noon noe oper of an ace ands in fun, homer ree ine Gsoaon sd onde pope inc ote tien dsimporencesabed ony Caw masonite ington tera as ben alee aout erin heey ‘ease’ The emerge of un one wera pve {puma mse forma pipe fr tance a emer which orn ganedatonlec ected ete Tis Sry pul ele ye fe hat mt Ups sma ave compu at prod ect yc sd alt ne Foeret das of Hen ie cman a coy don on Sn ot enon poplin nny pve en serie farmof encanto te rans ter ee or asin tps ‘Sue npc codeed el prc ese re ars {Rly hoe oct mao iy tame eden difles ania bat war calles yh white mao ep th e Sct! abst a on ay epee inte tesa mumber ef gc fin ban hoy Arte ita pen etn neato paca prom Shunt eestor onan ater Smtr peje (ema apn compo) anon ee. erkng ds gest be demic on ecg nn radi ad ta vaste fot prominent entre ead cl ape Rca da (eng) performed wi be So nrporaean and or te enon eo eat the develpeat of tonearm ner or ch dena maby ob ob te atom “ison oon pest eufnt ening pa a Cab opr l= tie rom hae yay on ering cla mer sees! yb ee Sperelng peda he neds, The spp fn aranet nde im prensa tense of wat Thom crs steno Defining the Son Prcisedeisitions of the son ae dealt o provide as numerous sb destiny ext echaga ses) os wl sbi forms tht Sovrderved characteristic with ther muses (on-guajin, son presi, [tucson asl More yc eso even In ems oescompote dasiog the “ai” prod prio to abo ris taboo 9g by the Mo Natron Rio Sagi, the Cut Main, We Sep oe Septem eng ton Seely heen ee ie a dpe mes bed on ingle Suope-deriednoere est VM andtoskemtebemenvene td dan scion eee segroents performed on the tes sitar) or tremper ra indudtberen opicrpions Teel nares NY ons cle the mentn spat teres cal ee ‘ly ddan been te cers ans eee ‘rumen loi. Phrases io thi con ar perch ee ipne Thee aighaalsndhighy peor amos rig mito the oa optnon ey eae eal ext Aen many nal smpcanons ae ‘Tesemble Iberian musics. “= " ane oS Ro fen in Sp exp Erp dd pce ertschples tareas and ding sonphione ie ee arcane und wel be duran) bene ene Indad bony alinauenn myer carentacad e ‘eal isaes, or invoke regional nationals tn (Avalos 1992, 4; Leta 1984, 128). ‘oo Prout nine ‘iene Se ‘dc of tes ch es Brcr, Guantnamo and Senge eee few pafrm madem prconmeral xn Fom the nice ee Symnmentmerctapiete ‘ployed various instruments including the trey, maracas, ong, pe oper Sele careataansanremne ren often incorporated thes instruments but al ather aot with bal: ‘oom eins a welch athe cele, te, ili, od nal? ‘Son insuuenation a he fot commer recoding ma quite exile, with msn ely alering het enseblsto conform ovaries contents Some eit ofthe sya and ate (eg the To Matron, Sind Gary Mari Tees Vera) recoded srl performed ally on uit ad es Moat howee,iafseneed by sxe 3 opto bands (ete and spas) fom evan, rented ger eels consti ofa tes aco ba rac ces borg and eum. Thee iter rope especialy demonstrates igh dee of etre ion with Hani eotibutons ua the sng instrament performing lonpe hore of Aocstan gin sch asthe pra, lent, Bong (en 1980) Sterley andi trent ti, Sm of the 39308 epitome the “emboli reordering” cused by Erin hoagh ein of dere none 3). Genses Antecedent othe Son _Arocutans engaged a many kind of mos activity ding the i decades ‘ofthe Republic Thave mentioned some ofthese prac, ich the cred song) and drumming of sera a ald ceeony eed ncorimerca ‘um evento undencorthe srengthand extent of Aan-Srved ad ‘Sonsin Cab Thesgsiant nuns of cs and mle vod in ie formance of claal mate, conver tert the trong nunc of Taropen music on Avorn and tot trace aa sare ofc ‘waldisaesonsnd sores of employment, Dan cesta lnder Evie Pen and Jone Ue, common Aneto Da, opera inge Zila Glee symphonic masa Virgo Diag, among etn ceased themes ‘secant perorming idle draco thst might bedded the many ovadores(woubadous,balaeer) af the period who wrote ane pesformed songs sony inoenced by ight dsl mac wd = ng? Wal known Afocutan rovadeeincuted Pee Stocher Sind Cary and ‘Manuel Corona. Tete sts performed in tyes wel within the cofines of ecepieetertnment mun” a dened bythe dominant ot Strading te boundary between” mus paced then sesine sphere of Arian sseneed tradion performed inthe hone wa{88st sma prema yh de in an pp {htop Tee i nad rh eo “crap omen ntetcanln hes avons ne Sips tte cn tn ef ese ‘sels catheters ee rar or unpatented scl a ey el rt gh Sp toss sc inp fps tas) ‘lade Ape de Or, Bot de Or Ls Moran and La ened (Lesa Sc) Smee ced una rn ent oe i Tyre mpi ry oe ee ‘etm oedema cppen acu yhnrumes pe Soba ‘tate span ee pred sccm js rp oases (epee hae tas emat ge wold ply bp helene ses torte ore ines dtinapee seronatanen ts kins ‘teapots hit Sri gap nnn ti ec von cacy ecb wn aS oy Nba oe ‘in the music they performed (Leén 19,61). ™ Com pp ed epcine ggunty soxta se toh bens pty morse Acard satan eons) oye Testa ‘Sica prune acct wih tn aise ‘Sore een nc aps ord pups end be sete noataune eecbebeone “ey heen em cys ae Seeprae Amines onostpugenoane betes fem of ehh a nts aah es ‘el cote Quiero te [Benn of eet cone orton Lx ns Ft ontn Cty tern spy rts tas gmch Pin vanbecaneocebcncna orn ‘posers of the iga0s"* metal Thea ning te Wc ined “ edwin + et ef demographic mowenentin Oba Many rl fami whose etd ben Scatiebesrtofadtnyeuti conitoutarerstee sre od let he ee ntl te sovsitn brags Unpaid see ey ad to ove tone proves in sarch of werk The creation ofthe ito permanent gene army by he provsoal US government a 1908 Ai rete athe dace of are numberof Coban. Amerie ‘horns ding tes itary iterentn ander ofc ofthe Gomes “nina os) debe sioed new aban ois fom ‘her homes an en tat they woe sao question order if Ted ito cont aia the ppelition (Ben 15,9) A of thefts fombine orig sn mascins rm Crete to Haran and other esi thergoasend es wre the get rein poplaty among the Afrocaban rsking ee ‘ ‘in cot to the msl erat foes wh played esa itary ands and symphony these emerging body fe ‘bene san ass ofthe nas nd 205 adi formes. x ete among ones sv forthe max pa from an active nohement ‘idk asc making homes, oe szet ora andin ocala Soba olan poor mighterhood of Havens a= ne when neal ba ofall Exbans wee al itera ono srpng therefore, Dt fot peor Frade sdoolng Loree Herren reas asor compo fom ‘Orem Province was bras facta workers ini9e7 (reno (Sortua), The ells ofthe ete fly ere needed in the eld ring Too the yea eng i ne for frmal education. irene lend ow sigs his ams butte mre lla struction ame fforsaly Ro his ithe and ther statins (Herero 1994). Mra Tee Vern 2 popular ger ofthe igi and 9204 had Ke shooing and coud barely “te down ely hr wn conpostions (ines). Other Aube tomer th period suas reno Rodsgur and Cris Eble ev Kernel oven or wie, kt ne rats msl poaton,Chano Fo ss ‘nny been eed aan hombre sin eco id), an tert who The fom had to mouthing newepaper Before sablshinghs opal [iyssspucusion elit in niga, The only rember of ery om bans ‘whan formal osc eduction tended to ethernet ples, who wes ‘Willman ovens ia thlate920 var ere ors eno {o read sin the ntary band of Gnesi how, blr joining the Sepeo Nacional in 927 Herrera 99) Flix Chappotin eto read Isc cnnce ar ase of Being sent roe school aa dest ‘ds counerprtin the Ue Stes, Loui ABST ‘The Som a4 Calturl Bridge son can be vewe as sitll prota ere king the eure ofthe ‘Afocban undetelsewlhthat f sess oct Musca who peformed snes pullin the 920s or istane alo peformel mare at ‘ty Afica-inenced genres in pate. Somer nthe Septet Habanero layed tational rumba, ind in compara ake many of he ong ances and ques (ram puters of sate remo (See A ‘mos all members ofthe Seto Munafse fom Regi wee abo and ‘andr (Vl 9) Tr layer Arno Rogue cane fmf ‘ninvledin era and het amily wee str tesa ‘oaaspocstedAfican terminology it my sn composions ‘Snger Mig Vals war slo et ne aad" of Oc? (id) Snes Asolo Machin nde Yoruba rival etn ik nd Yea ia his recording ofthe song "Usa rss de Franc by Rosgn Prats (Bela io4).Caskon Embed i reptation rer long before bean caaborte uv with te Spe Nacional gna Peo sangrumbear wel or andthe ith setrinocae ‘helps of compastions sid as"No urges con orator” [Don ply with ah in, "pk Opa Cather Opn) and "Caco (Torta Son masican of the 1908 and 195 ako performed noncommercial ‘Atrocaan mun, with singer sch a Beny More and Rat Aare sing ‘umbat an sera songs re before te bce comme so ental dance band eters (Alan 899) emegenes of on in the ‘9s sigan waned the sce phere meng Duce ce of ‘ican and fberian-eied claret epee an moran oc of ‘Heo ad form of pubic recognition ft muy ck sacs here ‘acoder commer pertrmance, ‘aati other genres suchas ara and compara, son might evened ssaconassion by Aforsbane ta dominant acetic nor. Tse Contes hoeses given the quent rial and yi asians Yo A ‘as elturein sch mane Afian word nd pris ud by the Aca ‘community (the end now appar costntinsoncompesiion Temasek ‘cee od moni wich a of Cua gin and mean endo ‘or badd" labo, prectng sed by members of aba se chee 0 {steratnaly poplar Caressa seasig “reat or “oat ‘oknge nl a edo fect thee of abs pecs inns aswel as in te farms of more rey "Aca mse exes Sonindence cmpostiony by igaai Fiteiro wich tas Bes ‘wed the soread foes Oa spent al ater fica Aer= ‘as mass throughout Latin Americ and o many ober pt of the worl Moree his disannaion of Afoccban tre hd i corer in eter storms inva anc, postr and erate ella ma he ate Tans wiesed an epson = rther sper tres in Aca ad Alvan American fre among he Ween mile dase demonstrated by the elebrated Sure f tobe ars nd the Haren Resin. ‘Can inten nd criss sepiag publi pinion ring this period weehighlyaare osc ternational ens avingled and teed bond ‘hemeler. The intematioelfbionsenesof Acris undoubtedly aubuted loa mortolerant tance on the art of many Cuban tad msc Bonomi and pli crimstans pad ral wl ne Tap tine pence ro US Nano adminiscaon nd ngs wer ne Ses a ed ston anal camp onthe pao Te ching etter warm rin at det dl ates ‘Seicsc andra coral viewer unig ben thon ete tag of Meth Aneran sedan ese por eS at etre One dre os sw pret Sum embelofmon iy ands"wepon sgn Aes] i” (Cant) nek ofti wm cor id ronson hea Amr mae andy Cubn ra we ine ge fling in, Fer Gin uatedsie bang bo pt ocho tor aba fu une ese polite sad comic Uo hone mide pro se San rd Catan ans poplin ne ASS lim we cep 0 the perineal retin oftioe quest” dso and eon rpc mains wh pore jel snared sd 2a hc ear bfoTe eres ey noe th Spc ane, Fee ined be Qui Machi ho fen need thot Seinen Cuban aden route acim inther cane ered ih ep for Eurpean cre epee by els std for Atwcban genes uh iene fen ore anges te nicer on they hi en 2 TEES) Brogan The yon png petmasee the Septet ‘SS ce igen er nee Sev Sa aes Ns gaben turing pth cre fiat ep ane [Eolas encanta in retold spol ey pein ned ness Teg) ‘rene comsenein gy ‘hen he pin fe, "di some on te ergs f opening te door ‘nsepe congo ty ete by or ie as bloom Thing tbat whee tom the ey hw seat soy, The Pon theme cd isbn nce re ne cul no Ho Signe ae nogh now ied gais..we a rv en unten om 5) Singer an dancers suchas Cizmita Quintana Jo Richards and it obaner were rceedenthsaical while toring abroad inthe ac 20s posing Pan ences syed ard f tana soe rmbas, pe Sarre pone nd ter gears ofthe col heer These ae tiene and he me promote bythe Els of ut “Don” Apa| io Geet tht nine what became how thera ce of ‘hype hepa omens id fon hl or‘uinelad” eon pial Cubans Sonne Sys ofthe come aes By 9m, cons dsm had ached widespread c Lstrant popularity in Cab and brine sch Ajo Capen soothe ona powers | Solof th aw Cb headin ema oes nice se sconces | “Se hem th couse wer and ne The Seco Glos Cabana vas ‘Shoes isscue ingen he pin acc a5 (Ben ‘bone Te arnt fhe Sonos Maun darn he sae eo oun psp ngs te nomen of ter bade enn Cine te up ads pled smal sent at rete Por {fon heen had ened pilin range ad frame verdes pcestac™ int perro a hese in uo esc TeeSonre sein Hain gaan payed te cdot atey Bao xl) oa haces prof cng Jn ehh the epery of on deo lene wi js mas ote ‘Smitha enon or scl Cun aloo ance ms in muy wa Ancio Rodger caer cmp tat of Aociban sone aie wig pops of es" oni and SOC toe caring omar stead Rodger oe Bors in1 ins poral fala Curd acres Moers Prone (Dz Aaa wing) foe dew ide by fr anataMinds Choosing ne ofthe wcrc options valle ti, be ben fying te mess moalto Haan cache rtk nase ae $idsgios Rogue ered inh eo Manama ania op "Simi poup ner hiro con cede Sepa Donon oo 99 Claw 9 Ti oop pred Deming ayn teeny ‘ene cabuet La Ven and on bon of aks Si Calas gh 16) Flt eigenen me ipey tere thou of his tad by amplifing th basa 8g mas (ong runs), pao rw or hors (arn Ropes pp Tae sew ima fee esc the pel ees asc rena Go Unie Ste with fae om Neder ukshined ac man, dooped highend rile suis a isting appr ae erin byork ‘mange of pble mate yn Dior oft aio on Co for Insts nd cher high rai nalshnent eed oats corte te pm pero Ane atch reat cote Rdeacts Prt of employing ele ako ough chan {ude descbedas-aci” byw (MarnsRourgeran) seyhaelio Jed hs cncious "eA of eben oy cms ning Ain dred eminalogy nd noe as cae eee splendor de Af (quot nt pap achat ang mphusing the autor Aca eg nd enuncag hs pre nak “he mous" ang fom 93 demon sar edney (Banco, Thine in egg ye fee ‘rite fom the perpen of ie wi sino ed fr bs ser {nis se for reedom Rory besser betes Contra Spanish emia sth eet ta perl ane 1 Gove mia th Aoeubas Sg On prominent ine Mees ‘ih con mi eon ano alec da Mn ce ‘oes wie rua fs pyc puimest (rtd Sos penned nme) et ar map "Wie anh or ‘nyhentsomch nares bly" manga ee ope, Ir gh peromancs by Roger wc war cove er sons th Ores Cand Pays ars Cap sndoten = Other poops such sta Oru Asc etre in stmt ik ppestina sl” Ancona opr etny ef rect ‘fed Aan nd Afocobsn doce. tpl Span one ofthe ‘mot popu pl poupin thet of Cen mane ed cafe Vides naa of prone nalts ne de bcd ‘eho Became ile iam pevormarce La Annona me one of ee + Sone an HUIEAL EVOLUTION BH remit white) female eteblen that formed ia he 08 n- tdadiag the Orquesta Easueto and te Orquata Orbe Only Ua Anaczea aye oes however lhe es played onchange alcom dance ‘asco ja This even the cara prfored by imho Dota Teen and planist Dora Heres aes of ently Afton pel pour” who prfored ince del Taialy the Csr, who formed La Anacsna ing played ina teadonal sp tye™ Concept th ole, played gle Ade, (igs the marca Fra the ane“ the ong and Odin the tampe, le Caridad sang led oe Cece conned the oh frm the ‘und ater er hops of saying medicine were thwarted by facial’ clo- eof the Uiverty of Havana Two str, Alia and Olga, ad tied ‘usc privately and were able to scare aangeinens fo the group. Tey alo ‘rece perfarmncrinsrotion fom Lao Heres he Sep Nacional ia, Ta OrquetsAnscaona made ts msc! sb payingin the ope cfe on the Prado nea th exit belig ich athe Dorado, he Srtog, andthe cat of the Hotel Pasa. Though they were well ected, he gat ‘est changeit format and reperoyn ode tn besme moe mt ‘be Beglning a ght pled dein dance, pd rds aloes ‘musics hang, andthe te aos thy changed aa oem jz ‘and Theil frat, reine trough the spn boop hem preset "The repertory ofthe Ogata Anscaona included prsng dey of spores, indudlg Nod Ameneasfa-¥ots abd sing tne, panic pa {Lig tngo, welts ndwrinlenced dence mse, esate of ve tithe grup a able wo perform in vital any venoe Hara, fom op es gardens exsvegatberngs inthe Casio Espa Begining, {nyt al toured abroad rosin Paro io, Mes, and othe {tis American countries Petapi an even reste etn thn famous ale sans helight-skinne Ansan perormes rose colo and ds bound te wh elt ene procs ated bythe gender On te aon fof dilershinned singer, Grace Prey, casa jopardaed he. ‘place in etabshment with elite white cen (a). Conduiion [Changing iad toward thesonin the 9208 dv tiny om hei cesng sigan of al Afocban cre to Caan society Som mi at In thecase of many oer ene hs fancioned history aren elo nel tye pace mediating Ain, Baropean and oer claFnac Ignored for centri ainsi ena fk gene of he ‘ester provinces necesita threnteed the urban mie cs Ioten an result of ke population on ree corner in roel ae rae de bail, Cosevatory-ained musicians, cy ofc and othe ‘a apoisted purdans ofa zed Cb fe omit” Meas ‘andemed sn musicand dance andactve appre ts peroranc wih ‘hehalp of pole ly he late apas howsver shad become so popula cen. among the wane population that is aceplace a ational cake ‘ould no lang be aoe. The appropriation of on byes and govern ‘meatal antral aeration nn the euenee of Cae functioned odie is siboic oppositional. Unlike roncommerc ‘mbar de a, an other forms of expression that cota to be ‘xcued fom dominant dfn of Cuban si he elt sbded| ‘Avan infunctinsonacxn tbe ovrold or een praed Thi trgelite dolls efecveyreeined dations between “sande” ‘Atican and Cuban, Sch ditntions email nce in det jy ‘he biel prevent inthe minds ofthe white majo toward blacks and Backer "arog eternal infec contributed tthe population of sn ssc suite mass acceptance. Technelopal change the form of phonoganh ‘esotdingrand rain broadcast innit iol Can genre hough ‘atthe county ata selering pace It rowpht sn msc oan in ‘heUaied tts and Europe cresting ne international mask New oi ‘rovpsind nes rine an appre fr thereordings of Cuban spies ‘rid ide knowledge fe teraction eth te Alera clare that ae "eoit Imerntiocl artistic ends ao hap lps the soe. Rep: ‘nites ofthe Halen Renasnce adem Pasi wll he {ernatondl zz ceze ssl helped sete abody of ee, musa nde ‘ator wling sept expresive forms rom Nia and the Aan diaspora 1 Sul nally the tonalite Fervor peeing Cubs fon the ae aot through the mid-g3os as influenced atitudes toward son and othet [Aocahunexrestion Polrzaton af pubic einen aunt the Mahal ‘dinistraon and wowing crtelsm ofthe United Sates rested ins new ‘movement to vloxiae Chan care ‘By thet pon soba ott controversy eve mong conservative ‘Gabanrand pron the bas for ont dance muse pertry ob rad snd records ts the proces of mains sppoprition however nx ingly demonsuted te inhoence of jaz and tllom dance mse Many scl onrv ofl yarsmintaned thie populary ony by sb ing the acoustic bass an piano fr “Oe” asuumeats seta the ta ‘icing the fons nah he bal, cmspocing “opie” tangents rth extended orn etn forthe oj and veshing thir ero senses oberthan son Che obese op rn pn woe scr nasheed yout promed ta, dean ober Reopens inant Gene of the ter a8 ‘Tuteemamte mune many scr de om etre he ‘Sen stong tens fr Arerien igbans ov was and contin ‘Chr term of mused end sy bol donot ene Soe in tdi ontop sacte ncaa ering tet Accson vernonia Star hermano mide linseed lass eco eos poet in poplar res metaphor these etn ata evpedenboxhing 8 perpen emering = Scpdonecf abt