URETER

The ureters are a pair of narrow,thick walled muscular

tubes which convey urine from kidneys to the urinary
bladder
Lie deep to peritoneum,closely applied to the
posterior abdominal wall in the upper part,and to the
lateral pelvic part in the lower part
DIMENSIONS
Length-25 cm
Diameter-3mm

COURSE
The ureter begins within the renal
sinus as renal pelvis
The ureter passes downwards and
slightly medially on the psoas
muscle
enters the pelvis by crossing in
front of termination of common
iliac artery
After entering the pelvis it reaches
the base of bladder
It enters bladder wall obliquely and
open into lateral angle of trigone

3 parts:
PELVIS
ABDOMINAL
PELVIC

PELVIS
Funel shaped
dilatation at
upper part
Formed by union
of major
calyces
Passes
downwards
and medially
through hilum
Capacity 5 to 7
ml

 Abdominal part
Passes downwards
and medially by
passing beneath
the peritoneum
Enters pelvic cavity
by crossing
termination of
common iliac
artery

Posterior Relations
Psoas major &
fascia
Genitofemoral
nerve
Tips of transverse
process

Anterior relations
Rt side
Parietal peritoneum
Rt gonadal vessels
2nd & 3rd part of
duedenum
Rt colic & Ileocolic
vessels
Root of mesentry
Terminal part of
ileum

Anterior relations
Lt side
Parietal
peritoneum
Lt gonadal vessels
Lt colic & sigmoid
vessels
Apex of sigmoid
mesocolon

Pelvic part
First part
downwards beneath
peritoneum along
greater sciatic
notch & reaches
ischial spine

 Second or
oblique part then forward and
medially, through
extra peritoneal
tissue reaches
superolateral
angle of bladder
5cm from
opposite ureter

Third part or
Intravesical part
Pierces musculature
of bladder,
undergoes oblique
course downwards
and medially thro
bladder and opens
into interior of
bladder

 NORMAL
CONSTRICTIONS
(1) At
pelviureteral
junction
(2) at brim of
lesser pelvis
(3) at passage
through
bladderwall

Factors preventing reflux of

urine
Oblique direction of intravesical part
of ureter
Trigonal muscle which by contraction
maintains the obliquity of ureter
Peristalsis of ureteral muscles at 2 to
5 times per minute. Urine is collected
in bladder in jets, not continually

BLOOD SUPPLY
Upper part renal artery
Middle part-aorta
Pelvic part-vesical,middle rectal or uterine
vessels
NERVE SUPPLY
SympatheticT10-L1
Parasympathetic- S2-S4