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Hng dn :
Hp cht X cha N, va phn ng c vi
dung dch NaOH va phn ng c vi dung
dch HCl nn X c th l amino axit, este ca
amino axit, peptit hoc mui amoni.
Phn t peptit c t nht 2 gc - amino axit, 1
nhm peptit CONH v c u N (nhm
NH2), u C (nhm COOH) nn s nguyn t
O t nht phi l 3, s nguyn t N t nht phi l
2, s nguyn t C t nht phi l 4. Vy X khng
th l peptit.
Amino axit c 2 nguyn t C l glyxin c cng
thc l H2NCH2COOH, c 5 nguyn t H. Vy
X khng th l amino axit.
X cng khng th l este ca amino axit (v este
ca amino axit phi c t 3 nguyn t C tr ln).
Vy X l mui amoni. X cha 1 nguyn t N
nn X c mt gc amoni, gc axit trong X cha
2 nguyn t O nn c dng RCOO. Suy ra X l
HCOOH3NCH3 (metylamoni fomat) hoc
CH3COONH4 (amoni axetat).
Phng trnh phn ng minh ha :
HCOOH 3NCH 3 + NaOH HCOONa + CH 3NH 2 + H 2O
HCOOH 3NCH 3 + HCl HCOOH + CH 3NH3Cl
CH3COONH 4 + NaOH CH3COONa + NH3 + H2 O
CH3COONH 4 + HCl CH3 COOH + NH 4 Cl
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CH3
CH3
NH
H3N
NH2
CH3
CH3
CH2
H3N
O
C
CH3
NH2
n Z = 0,2
x + y = 0,2
x = 0,05
0,05.82
CH3
CH3
CH3
0,15.68
Bin son v ging dy ti USCHOOL.VN : Thy Nguyn Minh Tun THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th T : 01689186513
Hng dn :
X phn ng vi NaOH sinh ra kh Y, suy ra X l
mui amoni. Gc axit trong X c hai nguyn t
O nn c dng l RCOO.
Y nng hn khng kh v lm xanh giy qu tm
m, chng t Y l amin v c s C nh hn hoc
bng 2, hoc nu c 3 nguyn t C th phi l
(CH3)3N. Nhng nu Y l (CH3)3N th s nguyn
t H trong X phi ln hn 9 (loi). Vy X phi l
mui amoni ca amin c 1 hoc 2 nguyn t C.
Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc
brom, chng t trong Z cha mui Na ca axit
cacboxylic khng no, c s C ln hn hoc bng
3 hay Z cha mui HCOONa (natri fomat, c
nhm CHO). D thy Z khng th cha natri
fomat v nh vy s nguyn t C trong X ti a
ch l 3.
Vy X l CH2=CHCOOH3NCH3, mui trong
dung dch Z l CH2=CHCOONa.
Theo bo ton gc axit, ta c :
n CH
2 = CH COONa
m CH
10,3
= 0,1
103
= 0,1.94 = 9,4 gam
= n CH
2 = CH COONa
2 = CH COOH 3 NCH3
0,3
0,1
0,1.40
m chat ran = 0,1.134
1
424
3+1
23 = 17,4 gam
m ( COONa )
m NaOH d
n Y = 0,1; n H = 0,15
2
0,1.M Y + 0,15.2
= 19,2
M (Y, H2 ) =
0,25
CH3COOH3 NC2 H 5
X la
CH3COOH2 N(CH 3 )2
Ta c :
0,2
0,1
Bin son v ging dy ti USCHOOL.VN : Thy Nguyn Minh Tun THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th T : 01689186513
3COONa
m NaOH
0,03
0,05
m KOH d
0,15
0,4
2CO3
m KOH d
Bin son v ging dy ti USCHOOL.VN : Thy Nguyn Minh Tun THPT chuyn Hng Vng Ph Th T : 01689186513
n Na CO = n X =
2
n NaOH d
0,4
0,15
2CO3
m NaOH d
0,25
0,1
2CO3
m KOH d
4. Bi tp vn dng
Cu 1: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y c cng
cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2, u l cht rn
iu kin thng. Cht X phn ng vi dung
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C. 21,9.
D. 26,3.
( thi th i hc ln 2 THPT chuyn
Hng Vng Ph Th, nm hc 2013 2014)