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Internet Applications

AINT001-3-1-IA

Services hosted in Internet

Topic & Structure of the lesson


Internet Application

Electronic Mail
Internet Relay Chat
Newsgroup

Internet Applications

Slide 2 of 18

Learning Outcomes
Internet Application

At the end of this lesson, YOU will be able to:

Internet Applications

Explain the basic concept of electronic Mail


Describe how Internet email works
Discuss the use of SMTP, POP3 and MIME
Understand the use of Newsgroup
Describe the functions of Internet Relay Chat

Slide 3 of 18

Key Terms you must be able to use


Internet Application

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following
terms correctly in your assignments and exams:
Internet

Service

E-mail
SMTP
POP3
MIME
IRC
Newsgroup
Source : webopedia.com
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Slide 4 of 18

Services hosted in the Internet


Internet Application

The Internet is host to a number of services which its users


use to communicate with one another.
Most of these services deal with information and how it is
accessed.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is one such service.
The WWW service of the Internet is the most popular
amongst all, next to e-mail.
The reasons for its popularity is because of:
The Web is relatively easy to use compared to most of
the other services.
The Web is one of the first graphical interface to the
Internet.
Internet Applications

Slide 5 of 18

Electronic Email
Internet Application

Electronic mail, or e-mail, is among the most


prevalent service on the Internet.
Similar to how the Web works, the e-mail
process functions through a client server
process as well.
The primary protocols that handles e-mail are:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions)

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Slide 6 of 18

Electronic Email (SMTP & POP3)


Internet Application

An e-mail server runs two separate


programs on its machine.
The first is called the SMTP Server, SMTP
handles all outgoing mail.
The other program is called the POP3
Server, POP3 handles all incoming mail.

Internet Applications

Slide 7 of 18

Electronic Email (SMTP & POP3)


Internet Application

SMTP: The protocol used for email on the


Internet. It defines a message format and a
procedure to route messages through the Internet
from source to destination via email servers.
POP3: Used by local e-mail clients. It is an
application-layer Internet standard protocol, to
retrieve e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP
connection. Nearly all subscribers to individual
Internet service provider e-mail accounts access
their e-mail with client software that uses POP3.
Internet Applications

Slide 8 of 18

How Internet email works


Internet Application

Internet Applications

Slide 9 of 18

How Internet email works

(refer page 9)

Internet Application

The diagram above shows a typical sequence of


events that takes place when Alice composes a
message using her email account (called MUA or mail user agent in the
diagram). She types in the e-mail address of her
correspondent. She hits the "send" button.
1)
Her MUA formats the message in Internet email format and uses the SMTP to send the
message to the local mail transfer agent
(MTA),
in this case smtp.a.org, run by Alice's
Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
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Slide 10 of 18

How Internet email works

(refer page 9)

Internet Application

2) The MTA looks at the destination


address provided in the SMTP protocol,
in this case bob@b.org.
3) smtp.a.org sends the message to
mx.b.org using SMTP, which delivers it
to the mailbox of the user bob.
4) Bob presses the "get mail" button in his
MUA, which picks up the message
using the POP3.
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Slide 11 of 18

How Internet email works

(refer page 9)

Internet Application

This sequence of events applies to the majority of e-mail


users. However, there are many alternative possibilities
and complications to the e-mail system:
Alice or Bob may use a client connected to a corporate email system, such as IBM's Lotus Notes or Microsoft's
Exchange. These systems often have their own internal email format and their clients typically communicate with
the e-mail server using a vendor-specific, proprietary
protocol.
If Alice and Bob work for the same company, the entire
transaction may happen completely within a single
corporate e-mail system.

Internet Applications

Slide 12 of 18

POP3 (Attachment)
Internet Application

Due to the fact that POP3 stores


information in a text file, attachments may
not be anything other than text.
This problem was solved using a program
called uuencode.
Uuencode converts any file format into a
file format that contains only text
characters.
Internet Applications

Slide 13 of 18

POP3 (Attachment)
Internet Application

An example of a uuencode generated


file:

Internet Applications

begin 644 reports M9W)E<" B<&P_(B O=F


%R+VQO9R]H='1P9"]W96(V-C1F- BYA8VE<W,N;&]GM('P@8W5T("UF(#(@+60@(C\B('P@8W5T
("UF(#$@+60@(B8B(#X@<V5A<F-HM+61A=&$M)#$*?B]C;
W5N="UP86=E<R!\('-O<G0@/B!S=&%T<RTD,0IC< " @M?
B]W96)S:71E+V-G:2UB:6XO<W5G9V5S="UD871A+V1A=
&$@<W5G9V5S="TDM,0IC<"!^+W=E8G-I=&4O8V=I+6)I;B ]
W:&5R92UD871A+V1A=&$@=VAE<F4MM)#$*8W @?B]W96)S:7
1E+V-G:2UB:6XO96UA:6QE<BUD871A+V1A=&$@96UAL:6PM)#
$*?B]G971L;V<@/B!L;V=S+20Q"GXO=&]T86P@/B!T;W1A;"T D,0IA
End

Slide 14 of 18

POP3 (Attachment)
Internet Application

At the destination, a reverse program


called uudecode converts the encoded
message back into its original form.
In this way, attachments of many different
types can be transferred via e-mail.
But we require different programs to view
those attachments.

Internet Applications

Slide 15 of 18

MIME - Making things colorful


Internet Application

MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions)


is an extension to the traditional way the SMTP
based servers handle information.
Where SMTP and POP3 used to only handle
ASCII text files, MIME tells the client which
player it needs to use to view the information.
In short, MIME is simply an addition to SMTP to
allow greater flexibility in managing information.

Internet Applications

Slide 16 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat (IRC)


Internet Application

IRC is one of the most popular and most


interactive services on the Internet.
IRC allows people all over the world participate
in real-time conversations.
Using an IRC client (program) you can exchange
text messages interactively with other people all
over the world.
Some of the more popular chat clients are
mIRC, Pirch, and Virc for Windows and Homer
or Ircle for Mac's.
Internet Applications

Slide 17 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat (IRC)


Internet Application

What program you use does not really matter; all


of them connect to the same chat networks.
When logged into a chat session, you
"converse" by typing messages that are instantly
sent to other chat participants. IRC depends on
host servers to cater to the millions of IRC users
An IRC user is required to download a client to
allow them to log onto these servers.
Once connected, a user can join any channel
and converse with others there.

Internet Applications

Slide 18 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat


Internet Application

Conversations in an IRC channel may be


public or private, between one or more
people.
Because the IP address of a user can be
made known, information can be traded in
any form, much like e-mail attachments
The main disadvantage of IRC is the
presence of many different forms of
attacks.
Internet Applications

Slide 19 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat


Internet Application

Common IRC attacks:


Trojan Horses
Scripts/Programs disguised as something useful
but compromises security

Running unknown scripts


Channels usually auto-offer scripts to ease IRC
use. May contain trojans

Website referrals
Websites advertised on channels which may
utilize the victims computer for other malicious
purposes
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Slide 20 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat


Internet Application

IRC Protection:
Check download
Do not accept anything from a
stranger
Do not run unknown scripts
Update virus definitions
Internet Applications

Slide 21 of 18

Other services: Internet Relay Chat


Internet Application

IRC maintains its reputation as the best place to


share information over a fast environment.
Despite the many security risks, it is still a
premier information exchange location.
The main servers that provide the backbone of
IRC are:

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www.efnet.net
www.undernet.org
www.funet.fi/~irc
www.dal.net
www.newnet.net
Slide 22 of 18

Other services: Newsgroups


Internet Application

Newsgroups was the 1st few attractions


on the Internet.
The term newsgroup is originally derived
from UseNet (Users Network).
Newsgroups are a centralized location for
sharing news articles and holding
conversations about them.

Internet Applications

Slide 23 of 18

Other services: Newsgroups


Internet Application

The architecture of newsgroups is similar


to that of the e-mail.
News articles are stored on a centralized
server with thousands of clients
downloading the article.
The server would also store running
conversations about a certain article which
users are able to subscribe to.
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Slide 24 of 18

Other services: Newsgroups


Internet Application

When a news thread is subscribed to by a


user, all information and comments made
about that article will be downloaded onto
the client.
Once the news is downloaded, the users
can read it at their leisure.
Comments can then be made onto that
thread and posted for all to see.
Internet Applications

Slide 25 of 18

Quick Review Questions


Internet Application

Why the WWW is more popular than


other Internet services ?

How does the WWW work ?

List down the 3 primary protocol that


handle email.

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Explain briefly what is the POP3 server?


Slide 26 of 18

Question and Answer Session


Internet Application

Q&A
Internet Applications

Slide 27 of 18

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