SBM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHONOLOGY, DINDIGUL-624005.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Branch : Mechanical

Subject

: Dynamics Of Machinery

Year

: III

Subject Code: ME1301

Sem

: V

Faculty

: Mr.M.Sabareeswaran

QUESTION BANK

UNIT I FORCE ANALYSIS

TWO MARK QUESTIONS
1. State D. Alembarts Principle.(April/May 2003,2007,2009,2010)(Nov/Dec 2003, 2004,
2006,2007, 2009)
It states that the resultant force acting on a body together with reversed effective force (or)
inertia force, are in equilibrium.
2. Define Unbalance and spring surge.(April/May 2003)
(i) Unbalance: A disc cam produces unbalance because its mass is not symmetrical with the axis of
rotation
(ii) Spring surge means vibration of the retaining spring
3. Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium. (April/May 2004)
Necessary and sufficient conditions for static and dynamic equilibrium are:
(i) Vector sum of all forces acting on a body is zero
(ii) The vector sum of moments of all forces acting about any arbitrary point or axis is zero.
First condition is the sufficient condition for static equilibrium together with second condition
necessary for equilibrium.
4. Define Inertia force. (April/May 2004) (Nov/Dec 2009)
It is an imaginary force, which when acts upon a rigid body, brings it an equilibrium position,
it is numerically equal to the accelerating force in magnitude but opposite in direction.
Mathematically, Inertia force = - Accelerating force = -m.a
5. Define applied and constraint forces. (Nov/Dec 2004)

The external force acting on a system of body from outside the system are called applied
force.

The constraint forces are the forces existing internally within the body.

6. What is free body diagram? (April/May 2005, 2009)

A free body diagram is a sketch of the isolated or free body which shows all the pertinent
weight forces, the externally applied loads, and the reaction from its supports and connections acting
upon it by the removed elements.
7. Why flywheels are needed in forging and pressing operations. (April/May 2005) (Nov/Dec
2006,2008)
In both forging and pressing operations, flywheels are required to control the variations in
speed during each cycle of an engine.
8. Define crank effort and crankpin effort. (Nov/Dec 2006,2007,2010)

Crank effort is the net effort (force) applied at the crank pin perpendicular to the crank,
which gives the required turning moment on the crank shaft.

The component of force acting along the connecting rod(FQ) perpendicular to the crank is
known as crank pin effort.

9. Explain surge and windup. (Nov/Dec 2006,2008)

Spring surge means vibration of the retaining spring

Twisting effect produced in the cam shaft during the raise of heavy load follower is called
wind up.

10. What is the function of flywheel? (April/May 2009)

A fly wheel in machines serves as a reservoir, which stores energy during the period when
the supply of energy is more than the requirement, and releases it during the period when the
requirement of energy is more than the supply.
11. Explain the term Maximum fluctuation of energy E in flywheels. (Nov/Dec 2003)
The difference between the maximum and minimum energies is known as maximum
fluctuation of energy.
12. Define Coefficient of fluctuation of energy. (April/May 2010)
It may be defined as the ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the work done per
cycle. Mathematically, coefficient of fluctuation of energy,
CE =

Maximum Fluctuationof Energy

Work done Per cycle
UNIT V MECHANISMS FOR CONTROL

13. What is a function of a governor? How does it differ from that of a Flywheel? (April/May
2003,2007) (Nov/Dec 2009,2010)
The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there are variations in
load e.g. when the load of an engine increases, its speed decreases therefore it becomes necessary to
2

increase the supply of working fluid. Whereas the flywheel is used to control the speed variation
caused by the fluctuations of the engine turning moment during each cyale of operation. It does not
control the speed variations caused by a varying load.
14. What is gyroscopic Torque? (April/May 2003) (Nov/Dec 2005,2008,2009)
When ever a rotating body changes its axis of rotation, a torque is applied on the rotating
body. This torque is known as gyroscopic torque.
15. State the function of flywheel and governor in an engine. (Nov/Dec 2003) (April/May 2005)
The flywheel is used to control the speed variation caused by the fluctuations of the engine
turning moment during each cycle of operation. It does not control the speed variations caused by a
varying load. The function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there are
variations in load e.g. when the load of an engine increases, its speed decreases therefore it becomes
necessary to increase the supply of working fluid.
16. Define Gyroscopic Couple. (April/May 2004,2005,2009)
If a body having momentof inertia I and rotating about its own axis at rad/sec is also
caused to turn at p rad/sec about an axis perpendicular to the axis of spin, then it experiences a
gyroscopic couple of magnitude (I.. p ) in an axis which is perpendicular to both the axis of spin
and axis of precession.
17. What is meant by automated controls? (April/May 2004)
The automatic control system, also called as self activated system, is a very accurate and
effective means to perform desired function by the system in which the human operator is replaced
by the device. These systems give higher outputs of more constant quality and with increased safety.
18. How governors are classified? (Nov/Dec 2004,2006)
1.Centrifugal governors
(i) Pendulum type: Watt governor
(ii) Gravity controlled type: Example: Porter and Proell governor
(iii) Spring controlled type: Example : Hartnell and Hartung governor
2.Inertia Governors.
19. What is the effect of friction on governors? (Nov/Dec 2005)
The effect of friction on the governors is to increase the range of speed , governor effort, and
power of the governor.
20. Define Gyroscope. (Nov/Dec 2006) (April/May 2007)

The gyroscopic couple is used in an instrument or toy known as gyroscope. The gyroscopes
are installed in ships in order to minimize the rolling and pitching effects of waves. They are also
used in aeroplanes, monorail cars, gyrocompasses etc.
21. Differentiate Hunting from sensitiveness.(Nov/Dec 2006)

The phenomenon of continuous fluctuation of the engine speed above and below the mean
speed is termed as hunting. This occurs in over sensitive governors.

A governor is said to be sensitive when it really responds to a small change of speed.

22. The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the tail end and the
aeroplane takes a turn to the left. What will be the effect of gyroscopic couple on the aeroplane.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
The effect of gyroscopic couple will be to rise the nose and dip the tail.
23. What is a governor said to be hunt? (Nov/Dec 2006,2007)
The phenomenon of continuous fluctuation of the engine speed above and below the mean
speed is termed as hunting. This occurs in over sensitive governors
24. Write the expression for gyroscopic couple. (April/May 2004)
Gyroscopic couple, C = I.. p
Where

I = Moment of inertia of the disc

= Angular velocity of the engine
p = Angular velocity of precession

25. What is meant by isochronous governor? (Nov/Dec 2007)

A governor with zero range of speed is known as an isochronous governor. Actually the
isochronisms is the stage of infinite sensitivity i.e when the equilibrium speed is constant for all radii
of rotation of the balls with in the working range, the governor is sid to be in isochronism
26. What is the effect of gyroscopic couple on rolling of ship? Why? (Nov/Dec 2007)
We know that for the effect of gyroscopic couple to occur, the axis of precession should
always be perpendicular to the axis of spin, in case of rolling of a ship the axis of precession is
always parallel to the axis of spin for all position. Hence there is no effect of the gyroscopic couple
acting the body of the ship during rolling.
27. Define the meaning of stability of a governor. (April/May 2008) (Nov/Dec 2008)
A governor is said to be stable if there is only one radius of rotation for all equilibrium speeds
of the alls within the working range. If the equilibrium speed increases the radius of governor ball
must also increases.
28. What are centrifugal governor? (April/May 2009)
4

The centrifugal governor is based on balancing of centrifugal force on the rotating balls by an equal
and opposite radial force.
29. What is the principle of inertia governors? (Nov/Dec 2009)
An inertia governors the balls are so arranged that the inertia forces caused by an angular
acceleration or retardation of the shaft tend to alter their positions.
16 MARK QUESTIONS
UNIT I FORCE ANALYSIS

1. A vertical petrol engine 150 mm diameter and 200 mm stroke has a connecting rod 300 mm long.
The mass of the piston is 1.6 kg and the engine speed is 1800 rpm. On the expansion stroke with
crank angle 30 from the top dead centre, the gas pressure is 750 kN/m2. Determine the net thrust on
the connecting rod and torque on the crank. (Nov/Dec 2003)
2. A vertical single cylinder gas engine has a bore of 8 cm and a stroke of 10 cm. the connecting rod
length is 20 cm and the reciprocating parts weigh 1.5 kg. The gas pressure on the piston is 6 kg/cm2
when it has moved 1.5 cm from the inner dead centre on its power stroke. Determine the net load on
the gudgeon pin when the engine runs at 2000 rpm. At what speed this load will be zero? (April/May
2004)
3. T he crank and connecting rod of a reciprocating engine are 150 mm and 600 mm respectively. The
crank makes an angle of 60 with the inner dead centre and revolves at a uniform speed of 300 rpm.
Find by Klein construction or otherwise (i) velocity and acceleration of the piston (ii) velocity and
acceleration at the midpoint of the connecting rod (iii) angular velocity and acceleration of the
connecting rod. (April/May 2005)
4. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are 200 mm and 1.0
meter respectively. The crank is rotating at 400 rpm. When the crank has turned through 30 from
the inner dead centre, the difference of pressure between cover and piston rod is 0.4 N/mm2. If the
mass of the reciprocating parts is 100 kg and cylinder bore is 0.4 meters, then calculate (i) Inertia
force (ii) Force on piston (iii) Piston effort (iv) Thrust on the connecting rod (vi) Crank effort.
(Nov/Dec 2005,)
5. A vertical petrol engine 150 mm diameter and 200 mm stroke has a connecting rod 350 mm long.
The mass of the piston is 1.6 kg and the engine speed is 1800 rpm. On the expansion stroke with
crank angle 30 from the top dead centre, the gas pressure is 750 kN/m2. Determine the net thrust on
the piston. (Nov/Dec 2006)
5

6. A single cylinder vertical engine has a bore of 300 mm and a stroke of 400 mm. the connecting rod
is 1 m long and the mass of the reciprocating parts is 140 kg. on the expansion stroke, with the crank
at 30 from the top dead centre , the gas pressure is 0.7 MPa. If the engine runs at 250 rpm,
determine (i) net force acting on the piston (ii) resultant load on the gudgeon pin (iii) thrust on the
cylinder walls, and (iv) the speed above which, other things remains same, the gudgeon pin load
would be reversed in direction. (Nov/Dec 2006)
7. (i) Derive an expression for velocity and acceleration of piston.
(ii) Derive an expression for angular velocity and and angular acceleration of the connecting rod.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
8. In a reciprocating engine mechanism, if the crank and the connecting rod are 300 mm and 1 m long
respectively and the crank rotates at constant speed of 200 r.p.m. determine analytically.
(i)

The crank angle at which the maximum velocity occurs and

(ii)

Maximum velocity of the piston

(iii)

Derive the relevant equations

(Nov/Dec 2007)

9. A vertical double acting steam engine has a cylinder 300 mm diameter and 450 mm stroke and runs
at 200 r.p.m. the reciprocating parts has a mass of 225 kg and the piston rod is 50 mm diameter. The
connecting rod is 1.2m long. When the crank has turned through 125 from the top dead centre the
steam pressure above the piston is 30 kN/m2. And below the piston is 1.5 kN/m2. Calculate
(i)

Crank-pin effort and

(ii)

The effective turning moment on the crank shaft.

(Nov/Dec 2007)

10. (i) The slider of a slider crank mechanism is subjected to a force of 3000N. The crank and
connecting rod are 100 mm and 300 mm respectively. Determine the driving torque on the crank.
(ii) the following data refers to a horizontal reciprocating engine:
Mass of reciprocating parts

120 kg

Crank Length

90 mm

Engine Speed

600 rpm

Connecting rod: Mass

90 kg

Length between centres

450 mm

CG Distance from big end centre

180 mm

Determine the net force on the piston and turning moment on the crank shaft.
11. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal reciprocating engine are 200 mm and 1.0
meter respectively. The crank is rotating at 400 rpm. When the crank has turned through 30 from
the inner dead centre, the difference of pressure between cover and piston rod is 0.4 N/mm2. If the
mass of the reciprocating parts is 100 kg and cylinder bore is 0.4 meters, then calculate (i) Inertia
force (ii) Force on piston (iii) Piston effort (iv) Thrust on the sides on the cylinder walls (vi) Thrust
on the connecting rod (Nov/Dec 2008) (April/May 2010)
12. The length of crank and connecting rod of a steam engine are 0.3 m and 1.5 m respectively. The
speed of crank is 180 rpm in clockwise direction. Determine the velocity and acceleration of the
piston when the crank is at 45 from the inner dead centre position. Also determine the position of
crank for Zero acceleration of the piston. (April/May 2009)
13. A horizontal gas engine running at 210 rpm has a bore of 220 mm and stroke of 440 mm. the
connecting rod is 924 mm long and the reciprocating parts weighs 20 kg, when the crank has turned
through an angle of 30 from the inner dead centre , the steam pressure on the cover and crank sides
are 500 KN/m2 and 60 KN/m2 respectively. The diameter of piston rod is 40 mm. Determine
(a) The turning moment on the crank shaft
(b) Thrust on the bearing
(c) acceleration of the flywheel which has a mass of 8 kg and radius of gyration of 600 mm while the
power of the engine is 22KW.

(Nov/Dec 2009)

14. The connecting rod of a vertical steam engine is 2 m long between centres and weighs 250 kg. the
mass centre is 800 mm from the big end bearing. When suspended as pendulum from gudgeon pin
axis, it makes 8 complete oscillations in 22 seconds. Calculate the radius of gyration of the rod about
an axis through its mass centre. The crank is 400 mm long and rotates at 200 rpm. Find the inertia
torque exerted on the crank shaft when the crank has turned through 40 from the top dead centre
and the piston is moving downwards. (Nov/Dec 2009)
7

15. The mass of reciprocating parts of steam engine is 250 kg, diameter of the cylinder is 45 cm; length
of stroke is 55 cm and the ratio of length of connecting rod to crank radius is 4.5. when the crank is
at the inner dead centre position, the difference in pressure on two sides of the piston is 5.6 bar. At
what speed must the engine run so that the thrust in the connecting rod in this position is 5500 N.
(April/May 2010)
16. A connecting rod is suspended from a point 25 mm above the centre of small end , and 650 mm
above the its centre of gravity, its mass being 37.5 kg. when permitted to oscillate , the time period is
found to be 1.87 seconds. Find the dynamical equivalent system constituted of two masses, one of
which is located at the small end centre. (April/May 2010)
17. The crank pin circle radius of a horizontal engine is 300 mm. the mass of the reciprocating parts is
250 kg. when the crank has travelled 60 from Inner dead centre. the difference between the driving
and back pressures is 0.35 N/mm2.The connecting rod length between centres is 1.2 m and cylinder
bore is 0.5 m. if the engine runs at 250 rpm and if the effect of piston rod diameter is neglected,
calculate:
(i) Pressure on slide bars
(ii) Thrust on the connecting rod
(iii) Tangential force on the crank pin and
(iv) Turning moment on the crank shaft.

(April/May 2010)

18. The lengths of crank and connecting rod of a horizontal steam engine are 300 mm and 1.2 m
respectively. When the crank has moved 30 from the inner dead centre, the acceleration of piston is
35 m/s2. The average frictional resistance to the motion of piston is equivalent to a force of 550 N
and net effective steam pressure on piston is 500 kN/m2, the diameter of piston is 0.3 m and mass of
reciprocating parts is 160 kg. Determine
(a) Reaction on the cross-head guides
(b) Thrust on the crank-shaft bearings and
(c) Torque on the crank shaft.

(Nov/Dec 2010)

19. The torque delivered by a two stroke engine is represented by

8

T =( 1000+300 sin 2500 cos 2 ) N . m

Where is the angle turned by the crank from the inner dead centre. the engine speed is 250 rpm.
The mass of the flywheel is 400 kg and radius of gyration 400 mm. Determine
(i) The power developed
(ii) The total percentage of fluctuation of speed
(iii) The angular acceleration of flywheel when the crank has rotated through an angle of 60 from the
inner dead centre
(iv) The maximum angular acceleration and retardation of the flywheel.

20.

(April/May 2003)

The torque exerted on the crank shaft of a two stroke engine is given by
T =( 7000+1000 sin 22000 cos 2 ) N . m , where is the crank angle from inner

dead centre. Assuming resisting torque to be constant, determine

(i) Power developed when the engine speed is 300 rpm
(ii) The maximum fluctuation of speed in percentage
(iii) The mass of the flywheel is 500 kg with radius of gyration 750 mm. (Nov/Dec 2003, 2010)
21. The turning moment curve for an engine is represented by the equation.
T =( 20000+9500 sin 25700 cos 2 ) N . m . where is the rotation of the crank. If the
resisting
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

torque is constant find

Power developed
M.I. of the flywheel
Angular acceleration of the flywheel at 45 of crank rotation from IDC
The speed of the engine is 180 rpm and total fluctuation of speed is 1%. (April/May 2004)

22. The turning moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 1 mm and to 6 Nm
and horizontal scale of 1 mm to 1 . The turning moment repeats itself after every half revolution of
the engine. The areas above and below the mean torque line are 305, 710, 50, 350, 980 and 275
mm2. Mass of rotating parts is 40 kg at a radius of gyration of 140 mm. calculate the coefficient of
fluctuation of speed if the mean speed is 1500 rpm.

(Nov/Dec 2004)

23. A vertical double acting steam engine develops 75 kW at 250 rpm. The maximum fluctuation of
energy is 30 percent of the work done per stroke. The maximum and minimum speeds are not to
vary more than 1 % on either side of the mean speed. Find the mass of the flywheel required if the
radius of gyration is 0.6 meters.

(April/May 2004,2008)

24. (i) Define coefficient of fluctuation of speed and coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
9

(ii) The radius of gyration of a flywheel is 1 meter and the fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1%
of the mean speed of the flywheel. If the mass of the flywheel is 3340 kg and the steam engine
develops 150 kW at 135 rpm, then find
33.
Maximum fluctuation of energy.
34.
Coefficient of fluctuation of energy.
(April/May 2006)
25. (i) Define coefficient of fluctuation of energy and coefficient of fluctuation of speed and deduce
suitable expressions for them.
(ii) the equation of turning moment diagram for the three crank engine is given by
T =250007500 sin 3 Nm .
Where is the crank angle in radians from the inner dead centre. The moment of inertia of
the flywheel is 400 kg-m2 and the mean engine speed is 300 rpm. Calculate the power of the
engine and the total percentage fluctuation of speed of the flywheel if the resisting torque is
constant and the resistive torque in N.m is 25000+3600sin .
26.

(Nov/Dec 2006)
The variation of crankshaft torque of a four cylinder petrol engine may be approximately
represented by taking the torque as zero for crank angles 0 and 180 and as 260 Nm for crank
angles 20 and 45. The intermediate portions of the torque graph being straight lines. The cycle
is being repeated in every half revolution. The average speed is 600 rpm. Supposing that the
engine drives a machine requiring constant torque. Determine the mass of the flywheel of radius
of gyration 250 mm, which must be provided so that the total variation of speed shall be one

27.

percent.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
The turning moment diagram of an engine rotating at 200 rpm is expressed as
T(kN.m) = 15+8sin2-2cos2 where is the crank angle ). The external resistance is found to be
constant. A flywheel weighing 20kN is fitted on the engine shaft so that the total fluctuation of
speed does not exceed 1%. Evaluate the least value of moment of inertia of the flywheel and the

28.

radius of gyration.
(Nov/Dec 2007)
Certain machine requires a torque of (1500+200sin) N.m to drive it, where is the angle of
rotation of the shaft. The machine is directly coupled to an engine which produces a torque of
( 1500+250sin2 ) N.m. the flywheel and the other rotating parts attached to the engine has a
mass of 300 kg at a radius of gyration of 200 mm. if the mean speed is 200 rpm, find the
fluctuation of energy, the total % of fluctuation of speed and the maximum and minimum

29.

angular acceleration of the flywheel and the corresponding shaft positions. (Nov/Dec 2008)
A single cylinder, single acting, four stroke cycle gas engine develops 20 kW at 200 rpm. The
work done by the gases during the expansion stroke is 3 times the work done on the gases during
the compression stroke. The work done on the suction and exhaust stroke may be neglected. If

10

the flywheel has a mass of 1000 kg and has a radius of gyration of 0.6 m, find the cyclic
30.

fluctuation of energy and the coefficient of fluctuation of speed.

(Nov/Dec 2008)
The turning moment diagram for a multi cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale of 1 mm
=325 Nm vertically and 1mm = 3 horizontally. The areas above and below the mean torque line
are -26,+378,-256,+306,-302,+244,-380,+261 and -225 mm2. The engine is running at a mean
speed of 800 rpm. The total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1.6% of the mean speed. If the

31.

radius of flywheel is 0.7 m, find the mass of the flywheel.

(April/May 2009)
A vertical double acting steam engine develops 100kW at 300 rpm. The maximum fluctuation of
energy is 30 % of the work done per stroke. The maximum and minimum speeds are not to vary
more than 1% on either side of the mean speed. Find the mass of the flywheel required if the

32.

radius of gyration is 0.7 m.

(April/May 2009)
The turning moment diagram for a multi cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale of 1 mm
=325 Nm vertically and 1mm = 3 horizontally. The areas above and below the mean torque line
are -26,+378,-256,+306,-302,+244,-380,+261 and -225 mm2. The engine is running at a mean
speed of 800 rpm. The total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 1.8% of the mean speed. If the

radius of flywheel is 0.7 m, find the mass of the flywheel.

(Nov/Dec 2009)
UNIT V MECHANISMS FOR CONTROL
33. Calculate the range of speed of a Porter governor which has equal arms of each 200 mm long and
pivoted on the axis of rotation. The mass of each ball is 4 kg and the central mass of the sleeve is 20
kg. The radius of rotation of ball is 100 mm when the governor begins to lift and 130 mm when the
governor is at maximum speed.
(Nov/Dec 2003) (April/May 2009)
34. The mass of each ball is 7.5 kg and the load on the sleeve is 80 kg. Each of the arms is 300 mm
long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation where as the lower arms are pivoted to links
of 40 mm from the axis of rotation. The extensions of the lower arms to which the balls are attached
are 100 mm long and are parallel to the governing axis at the minimum radius. Determine the
equilibrium speeds corresponding to extreme radii of 180 mm and 240 mm. (April/May 2003)
35. The controlling force Fc and the radius of rotation of spring controlled governor is given by the
expression
Fc =2000r-76
The mass of the ball is 5 kg and extreme radii of rotation of the ball are 0.1 m and 0.175 m
respectively for max. and min. speeds. If the friction on the governor is 5 N at each ball find the
coefficient of insensitiveness of the governor at extreme radii.
(April/May 2004)
36. A governor of Hartnell type has four equal balls of mass 3 kg initially at a radius of 200 mm. the
arms of bell cranks are 110 mm vertically and 150 mm horizontally. Find (i) Initial compressive
force on the spring and a radius of 200 mm at 240 rpm. and (ii) the stiffness of the spring required
to permit a sleeve movement of 4 mm on a fluctuation of 7.5 percent in the engine speed.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
11

37. A porter governor has two balls each of mass 15kg. The arms are all 200 mm long pivoted on the
axis. The maximum and minimum radii of rotation are 160mm and 120 mm respectively. Find the
range of speed.
(April/May 2005)
38. A Hurtnell governor having a central sleeve spring and two right angled bell crank levers operates
between 290 rpm and 310 rpm for a sleeve lift of 15 mm. the sleeve and ball arms are 80 mm and
120 mm respectively. The levers are pivoted at 120 mm from the governor axis and mass of each
ball is 2.5 kg. The ball arms are parallel at lowest equilibrium speed. Determine (i) loads on the
spring at lowest equilibrium speed. Determine (i) loads on the spring at max. and min. speeds (ii)
stiffness of the spring.
(Nov/Dec 2005)
39. The controlling force of a spring controlled governor is 1500 N when radius of rotation is 200 mm and
887.5 N when radius of rotation is 130 mm. the mass of each ball is 8 kg. if the controlling force
curve is a straight line, then find
(i)
Controlling force at 150 mm radius of rotation
(ii)
Speed of the governor at 150 mm radius.
(iii)
Increase in initial tension so that governor is isochronous
(iv)
Isochronous speed
(April/May 2006)
40. The length of the upper arms of a porter governoe are 200 mm and 250 mm respectively. Both the
arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The central load is 150 N, the weight of each ball is 20 N
and the friction on the sleeve together with the resistance of the operating gear is equivalent to a
force of 30 N at the sleeve. If the limiting inclinations of the upper arms to the vertical are 30 and
40, determine the range of speed of a governor.
(Nov/Dec 2006)
41. The upper arms of porter governor are pivoted on the axis of rotation , their lengths being 30 cm.
the lower arms are pivoted on the distance of 3 cm from the axis, then lengths being 27 cm. mass of
the ball is 6 kg and the sleeve mass is 50 kg. find the equilibrium speed for a radius of rotation of 17
cm and also the effort and power for 1% change of speed. (April/May 2007)
42. A porter governor has equal arms each 250 mm long and pivoted on the axis of rotation. Each ball
has a mass of 5 kg and mass of the central load on the sleeve is 25 kg. the radius of rotation of the
ball is 150 mm when the governor begins to lift and 200 mm when the governor is at maximum
speed . Find the minimum and maximum speeds and range of speed of the governor.
(April/May 2007) (Nov/Dec 2007)
43. In a Hurtnell governor, the lengths of ball and sleeve arms of a bell crank lever are 120 mm and 100
mm respectively. The fulcrum of the bell crank lever is located at 140 mm from the governor axis.
Each governor ball is 4 kg. the governor runs at 5 rps with the ball arms vertical and sleeve arms
horizontal. The sleeve movement is found to be 10 mm(upwards) for an increase of speed of 4%.
Find
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

Maximum speed if the total sleeve movement is limited to 20 mm.

The spring stiffness
Sensitiveness of governor
12

(iv)
Required spring stiffness for isochronisms at 300 rpm. (Nov/Dec 2007)
44. A porter governor, the mass of the central load is 18 kg and the mass of the each ball is 2 kg. The
top arms are 250 mm while the bottom arms are each 300 mm long. The friction of the sleeve is 14
N if the top arms make 45 with the axis of rotation in the equilibrium position, find the range of
speed of the governor in that position.
(April/May 2008)
45. The proell governor has all the four arms of length 250 mm. the upper and lower ends of the arms
are pivoted on the axis of rotation of the governor. The extension arms of the lower links are each
100 mm long and parallel to the axis when the radius of the ball path is 150 mm. the mass of each
ball is 4.5 kg and the mass of the central load is 36 kg. Determine the equilibrium speed of the
governor. If the sleeve height is increased by 10 mm from the present position, calculate the new
equilibrium speed.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
46. A porter governor has all four arms 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation
and lower arms are attached to the sleeve at distance of 3.5 mm from the axis . the mass of each ball
is 7 kg and the mass on the sleeve is 54 kg. If the extreme radii of rotation osf the balls are 200 mm
and 250 mm, find the value of minimum speed. (April/May 2009)
47. A proell governor has equal arms of length 250 mm. the upper and lower ends of the arms are
pivoted on the axis of the governor. The extension arms of the lower links are each 80 mm long and
parallel to the axis when the radii of rotation of the balls are 100 mm and 150 mm . the mass of each
ball is 10 kg and the mass of central load is 100 kg. Determine the range of speed of the governor.
(Nov/Dec 2008)
48. The mass of each ball of in a Wilson-Hartnell type of governor is 2.5 kg. The length of ball arm of
each bell-crank lever is 100 mm where as the length of the sleeve arm of bell-crank lever is 80
mm, the minimum equilibrium speed is 200 rpm. when the radius of rotation is 100 mm. when the
sleeve is lifted by 8 mm, the equilibrium speed is 212rpm, the stiffness of each of the springs
connected to the balls is 200 N/m. the lever for the auxiliary spring is pivoted at the mid point. Find
the stiffness of the auxiliary spring.
49. Find the angle of inclination with respect to the vertical for a two wheeler having the following
details negotiating a turn of radius 50m:
Combined mass of vehicle with raider in vertical position 250 kg
Centre of gravity with rider in vertical position 0.6 m
Moment of inertia of flywheel 0.3 kgm2
MI of each road wheel 1 kgm2
Speed of the engine is five times that of road wheels and in same direction
Vehicle Speed 90 km/Hr
Wheel Diameter 600 mm
(Nov/Dec 2003)
50. A motor cycle with its rider weighs 250 kg. the centre of gravity of the machine and the rider
combined being 60 cm above the ground level when the machine standing upright. Each road wheel
has a moment of inertia of 8 kgm2 and rolling diameter of 60 cm. the engine rotates six times the
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speed of the road wheels in the same sense. The moment of inertia of engine 1.5 kgm 2. Determine
the angle of wheel necessary if the motor cycle is travelling at a speed of 15 m/sec. in a curve of 30
m.
(April/May 2004)
51. A Four wheel trolley car of total mass 2000 kg running on rails of 1 m gauge, rounds a curve of 25
m radius at 40 km/hr. the track is banked at 10. The wheels have an external diameter of 0.6 m and
each pair has an axle has a mass of 200 kg. the radius of gyration of each pair is 250 mm. the height
of C.G of car is 0.95 m. Determine the pressure on each wheel.
(Nov/Dec 2004)
52. Each paddle wheel of steamer have a mass of 1600 kg and a radius of gyration of 1.2 meters. The
steamers turns to port in circle of 160 meters radius at 24 Km/hr. the speed of each paddle wheel is
90 rpm. The magnitude and effect of gyroscopic couple acting on the steam. (April/May 2005)
53. The rotor of a turbine yacht rotates at 1200 rpm clockwise when viewed from stern. The rotor has a
mass of 750 kg and radius of gyration of 250 mm. find the maximum gyroscopic couple transmitted
to the hull when yacht pitches with a maximum angular velocity of 1 rad/sec. what is the effect of
this couple.
(Nov/Dec 2005)
54. The driving axle of a locomotive with two wheels has a mass moment of inertia of 350 kgm 2. The
wheels are 1.8 m in diameter. The distance between wheels is 1.5 m. when travelling at 100 KMPH
the locomotive passes over a defective rail which causes a right wheel to fall 10 mm and rise again
in a total time of 0.1 sec. the vertical motion is a S.H.M. find the gyroscopic torque caused?
Determine the direction in which its acts when the wheel is falling. (April/May 2006)
55. (i) Discuss the effects of the gyroscopic couple on a two wheeled vehicle while taking a turn.
(ii) A turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 20 tonnes and a radius of gyration of 0.75 m. Its speed is
2000 rpm. The ship pitches 6 above and below the horizontal position. One complete oscillation
takes 20 seconds and the motion is simple harmonic. Calculate the maximum couple tending to
shear the holding down bolts of the turbine and the maximum angular acceleration of the ship
during pitching.

(Nov/Dec 2006)

56. The marine turbine rotor of inertia 750 kgm 2 rotates at 3000 rpm clockwise when viewed from left.
If the ship pitches with angular SHM with a period of 6 s and amplitude of 0.1 rad, find
(i) The maximum angular velocity of rotor
(ii) Maximum gyroscopic couple
(iii) Gyroscopic effect as the bow dips.
(April/May 2007)
57. A turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 20 tonnes and a radius of gyration of 0.6 m. Its speed is 2000
rpm. the ship pitches 6 above and below the horizontal position. One complete oscillation takes 30
seconds and the motion is simple harmonic motion.
(i) Max. Gyroscopic Couple
(ii) Max. angular acceleration of the ship during pitching, and

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(iii) The direction in which the bow will tend to turn when rising, if the rotation of rotor is
clockwise when viewed from left.
(April/May 2007)
58. A disk with radius of gyration 60 mm and a mass of 4 kg is mounted centrally on a horizontal axle
of 80 mm length between the bearings. It spins about the axle at 800 rpm counter clock wise when
viewed from the right hand side bearing. The axle precesses about vertical axis at 50 rpm in the
clock wise direction when viewed from above. Determine the resultant reaction at each bearing due
to the mass and gyroscopic effect.
(April/May 2008)
59. A Four wheel trolley car of total mass 2000 kg running on rails of 1.6 m gauge, rounds a curve of 30
m radius at 54 km/hr. the track is banked at 8. The wheels have an external diameter of 0.7 m and
each pair has an axle has a mass of 200 kg. The radius of gyration of each pair is 0.3m. The height
of C.G of car is 1 m. Determine, allowing for centrifugal force and gyroscopic couple actions, the
pressure on each wheel. (Nov/Dec 2008)
60. Explain the gyroscopic effect on four wheeled vehicles. (April/May 2009)
61. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2200 kg and rotates at 1800 rpm clockwise when viewed
from the left the radius of gyration of the rotor is 320 mm find the gyroscopic couple and its effect
when
(i) The ship turns right at radii of 250 m with a speed of 25 km/hr
(ii) The ship pitches with bow rising at an angular velocity of 0.8 rad/s
(iii) The ship rolls at an angular velocity of 0.1 rad/s. (Nov/Dec 2009) (April/May 2010)
62. The rotor of a turbine yacht rotates at 1200 rpm clockwise when viewed from the stern. The
rotor has a mass of 750 kg and a radius of gyration of 250 mm. find the maximum gyroscopic
couple transmitted to the hull when yacht pitches with a maximum angular velocity of 1 rad/s. what
is the effect of this couple?

(Nov/Dec 2009)

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