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Commercial use of this book will be at your OWN RISK !
Laughing in the wind

The Smiling Proud Wanderer
Xiao Ao Jiang Hu
by
Jin Yong
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7
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rdrdwdkYXmeBuD; owfcJYaomvlrsm;onf vlaumif;olaumif;rsm; r[kwfBu/ vlqkd;olcdk;ESifY "m;Nyrsm;omNzpfMuonf/
xdkYaBumifY w&m;Oaya't& ta&;,lcH&rnfudk vHk;0pdk;&drf&eftaBumif;r&Sdacs/
xkdodkY tcef;0wGif vifrdefusufwpfa,muf tawG;oHo&m vnfaepOf vifusefeef\ rsufvHk;rsm; yGifY
vmawmY\/
csD w H k c swH k N zif Y tcef ; 0wG i f &yf a eaom om;Nzpf o l t m; awG h v k d u f & aomtcg vif u sef e ef o nf
NyHK;ar;vkdufonf/
]]om; 'DaeY trJvkduf&wm aysmfp&maumif;&JYvm;? trJaum b,fESpfaumif&cJYovJ}}
]][ifYtif;.......odyfr&cJYygbl;....}}
vifusefeefonf ol\ aq;wH&Snfudk ,l rD;nSdvkdufNyD;............
]]om; .......rif; a&mufvmwmeJY tawmfyJ.........rif;udkowif;aumif; wpfck aNym&OD;r,f/}}
]]bmvJ taz .......'DaeY BuD;BuD;rm;rm; tvkyfwpfck vufcHvkduf&NyDeJYwlw,f........}}
vifusefeefonf &,f&if;acgif;cgNyvkdufonf/
r[kwfygbl;om;& .......om;udkaNymcsifwJYowif; 'DxuBfuD;us,fw,f.............apmapmuav;wifq&m
vDaNzmif;usef;pD;e,f u Nyefvmw,f........ol,lvmwJYowif;uawmU wu,fY owif;aumif;yJ om;&
........usef;pD;e,fu csif;csef*dkPf;&JY xif;&SK;&aoY ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfBuD;u igwkdYydkYvkdufwJYvufaqmifawGudk
vufcHvkdufNyDwJY}}
xkdowif;onf pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aom owif;NzpfaBumif; t&G,fa&mufNyD;NzpfonfY vifrdefusuf
aumif;pGmod&Sdayonf/ odkYaomf olYtaeNzifY ,cktcsdefwGif rnfonfY taBumif;t&mrQ pdwfr0ifpm;Ekdifatmif
Nzpf a eoNzif Y ol Y z cif B uD ; \ pum;ud k pd w f r ygY w ygNzif Y Nyef a r;vk d u f o nf / ar;vd k u f o nf q k d o nf x uf
ua,mifuwrf;NzifY yJwifxyf a&&Gwfvkdufonf qkdonfu ydkrSefayvdrfYrnf/
]]uRefawmfwkdY &JY vufaqmifawGudk vufcHvkdufNyD[kwfvm;........}}
]]at; ........[k w f w ,f . ........'D t aBumif ; awG u d k ywf o uf N yD ; t&if w k e f ; u om;ud k tNynf Y
tpHkraNymNycJYzl;ao;bl;..........om;udkaNymNywmawG uvnf; tay:,H oabmavmufuav;awGyJ&SdcJw,f? tJwkH;u
om;ui,faeao;vkdY ...........tckawmY om;t&G,fa&mufvmNyD.........'DawmY tazY ycHk;ay:u wm0efqkdwJY
0efxkyf0efydk;BuD;awGudk om;vTJaNymif;,l&awmYr,f.........'gaBumifYrdkY Xmeu ta&;t00ukd avYvm&r,f}}
vifusefeefonf pum;aNym&if; aNym&if;tvGefpdwfygvmonf/ tmrcHXme ESifY ywfoufonfY
ynm&yfwcsKdYudk om;Nzpfoltm;odapcsifonfY pdwfaBumifYvnf; pdwfygvufyg aNymaeNcif;Nzpfonf/ om;Nzpfol
erl;exkdif; Nzpfaeonfudk &dyfrdaomfvnf; trJvkdufoNzifY yifyef;vmNcif;Nzpfonf[l rSwf,lxm;oNzifY
olYpum;udkom qufaNymaeawmYonf/
]]om;av; ........igwkdY &JY tmrcH XmeNuD;[m ,ck xufydkNyD; wkd;wufonfxufwkd;wufatmif
BudK;pm;aew,f/ usef;pD;e,frSm aNrae&m tuGuftuGif; odyfaumif;w,f........vlodyfpnfum;w,f.......'DawmY
ta&mif;t0,fvnf; odyfaumif;awmYwmaygY .....'Dae&mrSm aNccsEkdif&if tazwkdY&JY r*FvmtmrcHXmeBuD;[m
wpfNynfvHk;rSm tBuD;us,fqHk; tmrcHXmeBuD; NzpfvmrSm taotcsmyJ ... 'Dtcsufudk taz odxm;wm BumNyD
..........'gayrJY}}
vifusefeefonf tm;wufoa&maNymae&mrS om;Nzpfol tm;wpfcsufrQ vSrf;tuJcwfvkdufonf/ NyD;rS
]]'gayrJ Y 'D e ,f a NrrS m taNccscsif & if csif ; csef * d k P f ; eJ Y 0gar*d k P f ; uk d t&if q H k ; quf o G , f & r,f /
'gaNumifYrdkYvGefcJwJY oHk;ESpfu pNyD; ESpfwkdif; wpfESpfudk ESpfBudrfus xif;&SL;&aoYausmif;udkoGm;ydkYw,f ? 0gar*dkPf;&JY
a&Txyd b
f &k m;ausmif;udv
k nf; oGm;ydYk cikd ;f wmyJ/ .......'gayr,fY .........*dP
k ;f csKyhBf uD;ESpaf ,mufpvH;k u vufrcHb;l .......}}
vifrdefusufonf olYzcif\ pum;rsm;udk Bum;ae&aomfvnf; wu,fwrf; olYrsufpdwGif Nrifae&onfrSm
aoG;oH&J&JNzifY wkefwkefi,f,if &yfaeaom a&Smif&DudkomNzpfayonf/ vifusefeefurl olYom;pdwf0if
wpm;em;axmifaeonf xifoNzifY olYpum;udkqufNyefonf/
8
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]]0gar*dkPf;uawmfao;w,f....igvTwfvkdufwJYvlawGudk aumif;aumif;rGefrGefvufcHpum;aNymao;w,f
....vufaqmifawGudk vufrcHwmbJ&Sdw,f......csif;csef*dkPf;uawmfY awmifay:awmif ta&mufrcHbl;a[Y ...
awmifw0uf uyJarmif;cswmyJ ... uJ ....... olwdkYawGeJY qufqH&wm b,favmuf atmufusaemufuscH
qufq&H w,f rSwo
f vJ ..... pD;yGm;a&; tvkyq
f w
dk m 'Dvadk tmufuscHMu&wmyJ .. iguawmYigYval wGukd aoaocsmcsm
rSmvkdufwmyJ ...............olwdkYub,favmufyJ armufarmufrmrm qufqHqufqH onf;cH&r,fvkdY .........
ighval wGuvnf; awmfMuygw,f ..... igYpum;udk wpfa0rwdr;f em;axmifBuw,f........atmifYtnf;onf;cHNyD;Nyefvm
Mu&Smw,f ......... EkdYrkdYqkd&ifawmY pum;rsm;&efNzpfrSm aocsmoavmufNzpfaeNyD......}}
xdkpum;rsm;qHk;oGm;onfESifY vifusefeefonf &kwfw&uf rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/ ol\vufESpfzufudk
auseyfpGm;yGyfoyfqkyfe,fae&mrS ...............
'DESpfawmY wu,fYESpfxl;ESpfNrwfyJ.......rarQmfvifYbJeJY csif;csef*dkPf;BuD;u igwkdY&JY vufaqmifawGudk
vufcHvkdufw,f....oluaNymvkdufao;w,f.........olwkdY&JY wynfYav;a,mufudk vTwfNyD;vufaqmifawG tydkY
vTwfvkdufygOD;r,fwJY ..... uJ ........igaNymcsifwJY owif;aumif;uawmY 'gyJom;a& ......... b,favmuf tm;&p&m
aumif;vkdufvJ}}
vifrdefusufu tvefYwBum; ar;vkdufonf
]]av;a,mufaemf..........ESpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfbl;aemf...}}
vifusefeefonf tHMoaomrsufESmNzifY om;udkMunfY&if; NyefaNzvkdufonf/
]]at; ...... [kwfw,f......av;a,mufyg.......'Dvkd*dkPf;BuD;wpf*dkPf;u igwkdYudk av;av;pm;pm;vkyfwm
igwdkYtzdkY tifrwef *kPfwufp&maumif;wmyJ ........ naeuyJ igYvlawG vTwfvkdufNyD;NyD.....'DteD;w0dkufrSm&SdwJY
XmecGJawGqDudk vTwfvkduf&wmyJ......csif;csef*dkPf;u {nfYonfav;a,mufa&mufvm&if c&D;pOf wpfavQmufvHk;
vkdavao; r&Sdatmif {nfY0wfNyKpkzkdY rSmcdkif;vkdufwmyJ....}}
xkdodkY pum;aNymaeMupOf tNyifbufrS qloHnHoHrsm;udk kwfw&uf Mum;vkduf&onf/ vifusefeefurl
rsufarSmifuyk
f tcef;tNyifoYkd vSr;f BunfYaeonf/ xkpd Of tcef;xJoYkd vlo;kH a,muf tarmwaum aNy;0ifvmMu\/
a&SYqHk;rS wpfa,mufu armBuD;yef;BuD;NzifY aNymvkdufonf/
]]q.......q&mNuD;....}}
]]bmNzpfvmNyefwmvJ......}}
q&mBuD;[kac:vkdufonfY a&SYqHk;rS vlonf csefcsD;Nzpfonf/ vifrdefusufESifYtwl trJvkdufpOfu ygoGm;ol
ESpfOD;teufrS wpfOD;Nzpfonf/
csefcsD;u
]]q&mBuD; ayatmY aoNyD}}
vifusefeefonf kwfw&uf tHBooGm;&mrSm pl;0g;pGm atmf[pfar;vkduf\/
]]b,folowfvkdufwmvJ ........rif;wdkY tcsif;csif;yJ upm;NyD;&efNzpfwmvm;......b,fvkdNzpfwmvJ..}}
csefcsD; uref;uwef; aNz&Sif;vdkuf\/
r[kwf&ygbl;q&mBuD;....uRefawmfwkdY zJupm;&if; &efNzpfBuvkdY ao&wm r[kwfygbl; ...... apmapmu
uRefawmftdrfomoGm;awmY tdrfomab;u Nrufcif;NyifrSm ayatmY vJusaewmudkawGYwmyJ...uRefawmf
oGm;prf;BunfYawmY wpfudk,fvHk;at;pufNyD; toufr&SdawmYbl;.....'Pf&m&Sm BunfYawmYvnf; bm'Pf&mrS
rawGY&bl;......a&m*gqdk;wpfckck&NyD; aooGm;wmeJYwlaew,f........}}
vifusefeefu &kwfNcnf;aNymvkdufonf/
]]uJ........oGm;BunfhBur,f}}
vifusefeefonf tdrfaemufbufNrufcif;&Sd&modkY xGuf oGm;aomtcg vifrdefusufonf xyfBuyfruGm
vkdufygoGm;onf/ Nrufcif;ay:&Sd ayatmY\ tavmif;ab;em;wGif ayatmh\ tavmif;ab;em;wGif tmrcHXmerS
odkif;q&mrsm; 0dkif;aeaMumif; awGYvdkuf&onf/ olwdkY\ acgif;aqmifBuD; avQmufvmonfudk awGYvdkufMuaomtcg
tm;vHk; ab;odkY z,fvdkufMuonf/
9
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefonf tavmif;udk iHkU Munfhvdkuf\/ tavmif;rS tusrsm; yGifh[aeonfudk jrifvdkuf&jcif;tm;jzifh
XmerS odkif;q&mrsm;onf tavmif;udk aocsmpGm ppfaq;NyD;jzpfaMumif; &dyfrdvdkufonf/ odkYaomf aocsmonfxuf
aocsmap&ef ab;em; &yfaeaom odkif;q&m usufajymif;udk vSrf; ar;vdkuf\/
]]tavmif;udk ppfaq;NyD;NyDvm; .....}}
usufajymif;u ....
]][kwfuJh ... uGsefawmf aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;NyD;ygNyD? bm'Pf&mrS rawGY&bl; ... aemufNyD; tqdyfrdwmvnf;
[kwf[efrwlbl; ... awmfawmhudk tHhMop&m aumif;aew,f ....}}
aool ayatmh\ rsufESmonf aoG;r&Sdonfh vuPmjzifh jzLa&mfae&Hkom&SdNyD; pdrf;ndKjcif; vHk;0r&Sdonfudk
awGY&onf/ EIwfcrf;rSmrl NyHK;aeoa,mif jzpfae\ vifusefeefonf acgif;wpfcsuf ndrfhvdkufNyD; usufajymif;tm;
ajymvdkufonf/
]]b@ma&;r;udk taMumif;Mum;vdkuf ... ayatmhaowJhtwGuf olYtdrfom;awG cHpm;oifh cHpm;xdkuforQ
cHpm;yap .... ay;oifhay;xdkufwJh avsmfaMu;udk tjynfht0 ay;yap Mum;vm;}}
]][kwfuJh q&mBuD; ....}}
vifusefeefonf ,ck ayatmh aoqHk;onfh udpESifh ywfouf rnfodkYrQ ta&;rxm;acs? ta&;xm;p&m
udpvnf; r[kwf? a&m*gwpfckckaMumifh aojcif;twGuf olrnfodkY wwfEdkifygrnfenf;/
vifusefeefonf tcef;twGif;odkY jyef0ifvmonf/ olu om;jzpfoltm; &kwfw&uf ar;vdkufonf/
]]om; .... 'DaeY trJvdkufoGm;wkef;u ayatmh ygoGm;w,f r[kwfvm; ...}}
]][kwfw,f .... ayatmhyg vdkufcJhwmyJ .... uGsefawmfwdkY trJvdkufaewkef;uawmh taumif;yJ .... tckusrS
b,fvdk a&m*gqdk; &oGm;&wmvJ ....}}
vifusefeefonf ayatmhESifh ywfoufonfh pum;udk jzwfvdkufNyD; apmapmu jywfoGm;onfh pum;udk
jyefqufvdkufonf/
]]'Dwpfcg csif;csef*dkPf;u igwdkYeJY r[mrdwfzGJYvdkufwmuawmh igwdkYtwGuf tifrwef BuD;jrwfwJh
*kdPf;BuD;wpfckyJ .... usefpD;e,fu 0gar*dkPf;eJY csif;csef*dkPf;qdkwJh *dkPf;BuD;wpf*dkPf;[m odkif;avmurSm
a&Smifvif*dkPf;eJY 0lwef;*dkPf;wdkYeJY wef;wl emrnfBuD;aewJh *dkPf;BuD;awGyJ .... 'gaMumifhrdkY csif;csef;*dkPf;u igwdkYeJY
tjyeftvSef vufaqmifawG zvS,fvdkufwmuawmh odkif;avmurSm wdkY&JY r*Fvm tmrcHXmeBuD; rsufESmyGifhapzdkY
jzpfoGm;wmyJ .... wpfckawmh &Sdwmayghav .... csif;csef*dkPf;u xdyfoD;*dkPf;BuD;qdkawmh xdyfoD;odkif;orm;awG
trsm;BuD;&Sdwmaygh/ igwdkYu olwdkYeJY ,SOfvdkYawmh r&bl; .... igwdkYrSmu xdyfoD;odkif;orm; odyfrrsm;bl; ....}}
vifrdefusufrSmrl olYzcifBuD; vufaqmifydkYonfh udprsm;udk vHk;0 pdwfr0ifpm;acs/ oltm&Hka&mufaeonfh
udprSm ayatmhaoonfh udp jzpfonf/
zcifBuD;tm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]taz ...}}
ol\ pum;yifrqHk;ao;/ tjyifbufrS vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/
]]q&mBuD; .... q&musufajymif; aojyefNyD ....}}
10
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tcef; (2)
toufawmif;jcif;
onfwpfBudrfwGifawmh vifusefeefwdkY om;tzESpfa,mufpvHk; xdwfvefYwkefvIyf oGm;Muonf/
udk,fhtjypfESifhudk,f aoG;vefYaeaom rdefusufrSmrl xdkif&mrS &kwfw&uf ckefxvdkufum ua,mifuwrf;
a&&Gwfvdkufrd\/
]]ol.... olwdkY&JUaMuG;}}
vifrdefusufonf olYzcifBuD;&Sdaeonfudk &kwfw&uf owd&vdkufojzifh ol\pum;udk uref;uwrf;
&yfypfvdkuf&onf/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh vifrdefusuftaejzifh olYzcifBuD;Mum;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfp&m rvdkacs/
usufajymif;aoNyD[laom pum;udk Mum;vdkufNyD;onfESifh vifusefeefonf tjyifokdY a&mufaeacsavNyD/
vifrdefusufajymonfh pum;rsm;udk vHk;0 rMum;vdkufacs/
xdkpOf csefcsD; tajy;tvTm; a&muf&Sdvmonf/
]]q&mBuD;? q&mBuD;? uGsefawmfwdkYawmh 'kuygyJ? q&musufajymif;vnf; [kdusef;pD;e,fom;&JY vufcsufeJY
toufygoGm;jyefNyD}}
vifusefeefonf tHhMowkefvIyfpGmjzifh atmfvdkufonf/
]]bm usef;pD;e,fom; b,fu usef;pD;e,fom;vJ? &Sif;&Sif;ajymprf;}}
vifusefeefu rnfrQavmuf atmf[pfar;jref;vdkufonfjzpfap? csefcsD;taejzifh vifusef;eefudk vHk;0
aMumuf&GH[ef rjyacs/ vifusefeef\ ar;cGef;udkvnf; wdwdusus rajzacs/ olajymvkdufonfh pum;rSm
]]o o o&Jjzpf&r,f q&mav; u,fygOD;? [dk usef;pD;e,fom; o&JyJjzpf&r,f uGsefawmfwdkY aemufudk
vdkufvmwmjzpf&r,f..uGsefawmfvnf; ao&awmhr,f? bkef;BuD;awGyifhyg.. y&dwf&Gwfcdkif;yg..y&dwfr&Gwf&if
uGsefawmfao&vdrfhr,f..}}
csefcsD;onf aoG;&l;aoG;wef;jzifh ajymrdajym&m ajymaeawmhonf/ olYpum;rsm;udk vifrdefusuf
wpfa,mufom em;vnfonf/
11
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefurl vHk;0em;rvnf/ xdkYaMumifh csefcsD;tm; aigufief;vdkuf\/
]]wdwfprf;.... csefcsD;.... rif;bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ....}}
csefcsD;onf a'gojzifh vTrf;aeonfh olYq&mBuD;\ aigufirf;oHaMumifh vHk0EIwfydwfoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf
wvifrdefusufudk Munfhaeaom tMunfhurl bkef;BuD;rsm;yifh y&dwf&Gwfay;&ef &Sdcdk;OD;wif awmif;yefaeouJhodkYyif/
xdkpOf tjcm;odkif;q&mBuD;rsm; a&mufvmonf/ xdktxJrSm odkif;q&mBuD;wpfa,mufu olwdkY\q&mBuD;
vifusefeeftm; tpD&ifcHvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD; .... q&musufajymif;&JY tavmif;udkvnf; uGsefawmfwdkY aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;NyD;ygNyD....
ayatmhaowJhtwdkif; aoaewmyJ ... wpfudk,fvHk; bm'Pf&mrS r&Sdygbl; ....'DaeYreuf trJvdkufxGufwkef;u
raumif;qdk;0g;wpfaumifeJY awGUcJhwmyJjzpf&r,f .... 'gaMumifhrdkY ayatmha&m.... q&musufajymif;a&m....
ESpfa,mufpvHk; xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aoaeMuwmyJ jzpf&r,f .....}}
vifusefeefu cyfqwfqwfajymvdkufonf/
]]awmfMuprf;uGm .... ighb0wpfoufvHk; odkif;avmuxJ jryfESHvmcJhwm bmraumif;qdk;0g; wpfaumifrS
rawGYzl;bl;..... rif;wkdYeJYusrS o&JajymwJhaumifeJY .... raumif;qdk;0g;vdkY ajymwJhaumifeJY pHkaewmyJ .... uJ vmcJhMu
... tck tavmif;udk oGm;MunfhMur,f ....}}
vifusefeef\aemufodkY odkif;q&mrsm; wpfNyHKwpfrBuD; vdkufygoGm;Muawmhonf/ usufajymif;\ tavmif;
onf jrif;aZmif;xJ&Sdonf/ ol\vufESpfzufonf jrif;xdkifcHkudk udkifxm;vsuf &Sdaeonf/ {uE oljrif;xkdifcHkudk
jzKwfcs&ef jyKaepOf wpfpHkwpfckaom a&m*gqdk; uyfa&mufoGm;jcif; jzpf&ayvdrfhrnf/
vifusefeefonf rD;tdrfudk ,lcdkif;vdkufonf/ tavmif;\ t0wftpm;rsm;udk oludk,fwdkifcGswfum
usufajymif;wpfudk,fvHk;udk ppfaq;awmhonf/ wpfudk,fvHk;&Sd t&dk;rsm;udkvnf; prf;oyfudkifwG,f Munfhonf/
odkYaomf rnfonfh'Pf&mudkrQ rawGY&/
vif u sef e ef o nf tawG U tBuH K BuG , f o l w pf a ,muf jzpf \ ol \ b0ouf w rf ; wpf a vQmuf
o&Jwap[lonfudk wpf&HwpfqpfrQ jrifzl;cJhonf r[kwfacs/ avmu o&Jwap&Sdonf [lvnf; olr,Hkacs/
,ck olYwynfhESpfa,muf\ 'Pf&mr&SdbJ xl;xl;qef;qef; aoqHk;aeonfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg pdwfrsm;
aemufusd&IyfaxG;oGm;NyD; olYvlrsm;\ ajympum;ukd ,Hk&rnfuJhodkY jzpfae\/ om;jzpfol vifrdefusuftm;
vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]om; .... 'DaeY om;eJY trJvdkufwkef;u ygvmwJhvlawG[m b,folawGvJ .... aooGm;wJhESpfa,mufuawmh
[kwfNyD? usefwJhvlawGudkajymwm.....}}
]]q&mq,fajymif;eJY csefcsD;yg.....}}
vifusefeefonf wynfhwpfa,muftm; vSrf; trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]a[h .... q,fajymif;udk ightcef;xJ vTwfvdkufprf;}}
trdefYay;NyD;onfESifh vifusefeefonf om;jzpfol vifrdefusufESifh csefcsD;wdkYudkac:um tcef;twGif;odkY
jyef0ifvmawmhonf/
tcef;xJwiG f wpfO;D udw
k pfO;D vH;k 0pum;rajymrdMu..../ tawG;ud,
k pf jD zifh vifusefeefonf onf;rcHEikd af tmif
jzpfvmonf/
xdkYaMumifh csefcsD;tm;.....
]]csefcsD; ..... rif;jrefjrefoGm;prf; .... q,fajymif;wdkY ighqD jrefjrefvmcJhvdkY oGm;ajymprf; ..... 'Davmuf
ta&;BuD;aewJh tcsdefrSm tcsdefawG jzKef;aew,f.....}}
xdktcg csefcsD;u.....
]][kwfuJhyg q&mBuD;....}}
csefcsD;onf wHcg;aygufbuf avQmufoGm;onf/ odkYaomf wHcg;0odkY a&muf&SdoGm;csdefwGifrl wpfpHkwpfckudk
owd&vdkufonfESifh wGefYqkwfoGm;NyD; q&mBuD;jzpfol vifusefeeftm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD; .... q&mq,fajymif; ckwif a&mufvmawmhrSmyJ ... uGsefawmf oGm;ajymzdkY rvdkawmhbl; xifw,f
..... }}
12
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]]a[haumif..... rif;udk igbmvkyfcdkif;ovJ .... oGm;prf;.... igcdkif;ovdkvkyfprf;....}}
]][kwf.... [kwf.... [kwfuJh q&mBuD;....}}
EIwfrS xpfxpfaighaigh ajymouJhodkY wpfudk,fvHk;onfvnf; uwkefu,ifjzpfvsuf &SdaeacsNyD/
ol\ajcaxmufudk tcef;tjyifodkY wpfvSrf;xkwfvkdufonf/ csufcsif;yif &kwfceJ jyefqkwfvdkufawmhonf/
olaMumufvefYaeayNyD/ xdkYaMumifh vifusefeef\ a&SYwGif 'l;xmufvdkufNyD;.....
]]q.....q&mBuD; .... uGsefawmfhudk oem;&if toufudk csrf;omay;yg.... uGsefawmf 'Dtcef;tjyifudk
rxGu0f yhH gbl;.... uGsefawmfwpfa,mufxnf; tjyifxu
G o
f mG ;&if rkcs uGsefawmf ao&rSmyg.... uGsefawmfu
h kd oem;yg.....}}
vifusefeefonf csefcsD;\ rsufESmudk a'gojzifh Munfhvkdufrdonf/ odkYaomf olYa'gorsm;onf csufcsif;yif
ajyaysmufoGm;awmhonf/
tb,fah Mumifq
h akd omf csefcsD;\ rsufEmS onf aMumuf&w
HT ek v
f yI rf aI Mumifh xdwv
f efYz,
G f aumif;avmufatmif
aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfaeaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
csefcsD;\ rsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&ojzifh vifusefeefudk,fwdkif usufoD;wjzef;jzef; xoGm;rdawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh
csefcDs;tm;......
]]uJ..uJ... xyg....xyg... rif;'DavmufaMumufae&ifvnf; igrcdkif;awmhygbl;....}}
csefcsD;url rwfwwf &yfvdkufNyD;vQif NyD;csif;.....
]]q&mav; ..... 'Dudp[m q&mav; arT;vdkufwJhrD;yJ .... uGsefawmfwdkYeJY bmrS roufqdkifbl; ....
q&musufajymif;wdkY ..... ayatmhwdkYu Mum;xJu cHvdkuf&wJh vlawGyJ ...&Sif;jyygOD;... uGsefawmfwdkY 'kura&mufatmif
q&mav; &Sif;jyay;ygOD;...}}
csefcsD;onf idkoHygBuD;ESifh vifrdefusuftm; ajymaeawmhonf/ vifusefeefonf om;jzpfoltm;
qwfceJMunfhvdkufNyD; ar;vdkuf\/
]]om;... b,fvdkjzpfcJhMuwmvJ....}}
vifrdefusuftaejzifh rnfodkYrQ rxdef0SufEdkifawmhacs/ tcsdefusrS xdef0Sufxm;jcif;jzifh rnfonfh
tusKd;rSvnf; &&efvrf;rjrifawmhay/ xdkYaMumifh usef;pD;e,fom; avoHaygufaeaom vlpdrf;ESpfa,mufESifh
t&ufqdkiftwGif; wdkufcdkuf&efjzpfcJhyHkudk tptqHk; ajymjyvdkufawmhonf/ aemufqHk; rdrd\ vufcsufjzifh
a&Smif&DaoqHk;oGm;yHkudkyg tqHk;owf ajymjyvdkufonf/
vifusefeefonf t&IyftaxG; csnfrQifprsm;udk awGYjrifpjyKNyDjzpfaMumif; odvdkufawmhonf/ odkYaomf
tajctaeu r[ef/ tawGYtBuHK &ifhusufMuG,f0aeol jzpfojzifhom ol\pum;udk wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ
0ifaxmufjcif;rjyKyJ tptqHk; em;axmifaeonf/ NyD;rS vifrdefusuftm; ar;onf/
]]om;wdkYeJY wdkufcdkufvdkufwJh vlESpfa,muf[m b,f*dkPf;uqdkwm ajymjyoGm;ao;ovm;}}
]][ifhtif; .... rajymbl; taz...}}
]]'gjzifh olwdkYESpfa,muf&JY txljcm;qHk; tcsufudk om;owdjyKrdoavmuf ajymprf;....}}
]]olwdkYESpfa,muf&JY txl;jcm;qHk; tcsufuawmh usefpD;e,fom;awG&JU avoHtwdkif; pum;ajymMuwJh
tcsufyJ &Sdw,f taz....}}
vifusefeef wD;wdk;a&&Gwfaerdawmh\/
]]rjzpfEdkifbl; ..... rjzpfEdkifbl; .... 'Dvdkxl;xl;qef;qef; b,fvdkrS rBuHKBudKufEdkifbl; .... csif;csef*dkPf;
acgif;aqmifu olYwynfhav;a,mufudk vTwfvdkufr,f qdkayr,fh 'Davmuf jrefjrefqefqefBuD; a&mufrvmEdkifbl;
....}}
vifrdefusuf wkefvIyfoGm;\/ tu,f olowfrdcJholrSm csif;csef;*dkPf;om; jzpfcJhaomf.../ xdkYaMumifh
tvsifpvdk ar;jref;vdkufrdonf/
]]taz .....[dkvlESpfa,muf[m csif;csef*dkPf;u jzpfEdkifovm;[if......}}
vifusefeefonf vifrdefusuf\ tar;udk rajz/ t&ufqdkiftwGif; wdkufyJGjzpfcJhpOfu xdkvlESpfa,muf
toHk;jyKaom odkif;uGufrsm;udk ta&;wBuD; ar;jref;aeawmh\/ olYtaz\ ta&;wBuD; trlt&mudk MunfhNyD;
taMumif;rJh ar;jcif; r[kwfaMumif; &dyfrdojzifh vifrdefusufuvnf; tptqHk; *&kwpdkuf ajymjyvdkufonf/
13
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf csefcsD;u .....
]]ayatmheJY uGsefawmfu 'DvlYudk aemufbufu 0ifNyD;wdkufzdkY BudK;pm;w,f..... uGsefawmfwdkY ESpfa,mufvnf;
0ifa&m 'Dvlu ajcaxmufeJY aemufjyef uefvdkufwm uGsefawmfwdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; vGifhxGufoGm;wmyJ.....}}
csefcsD;\ pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifusefeefonf qwfceJ wkefvIyfoGm;NyD; &kwfw&uf
rwfwwfx&yfum tvsifpvdk ar;jref;vdkufonf/
]]olu b,fvdk uefvdkufovJ....}}
]]'DvdkuefwmyJ.....}}
csefcsD;onf EIwfrS ajymvdkufonfESifhtwl xdkifcHkwpfckudk vufESpfzufjzifh xdef;udkifNyD; nmajcu
aemufbufodkY uefjyvdkufonf/ nmajcuefNyD;onfESifh b,fajcuyg wpfqufwnf; uefjyvdkuf\/
csefcsD;onf odkif;ynmudk aumif;pGm wwfuGsrf;ol r[kwfao;/ ynmoif tqihfrQom &Sdoljzpf&m yHkrus
yef;rusjzifh arsmufwpfaumif aqmhaeonfESifh wlawmh\/
vifrdefusufonf csefcsD; jyoaeyHkudk &,fcsifyufusd jzpfoGm;rdonf/ odkYaomf zcifjzpfol vifusefeef\
wkefvIyfaeaom rsufESmudk awGYvdkufaomtcg vHk0 r&,f&Jawmhacs/
vifusefeefu......
]]csefcsD;jywJh aemufjyefuefenf;uawmh csif;csef;*dkPf;&JY ajcaxmufuefenf;eJY odyfqifw,f .... tif;av
... jzpfvmrSawmh b,fwwfEdkifawmhrvJ .... q,fajymif; a&mufvmrS aoaocsmcsm ar;&awmhrSmyJ....}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh wHcg;tjyifodkY avQmufxGufoGm;um tjyifbuf&Sd wynfhrsm;tm; vSrf;ac:vkdufonf/
]]a[h .... q,fajymif; ckxufxd rvmao;bl;vm;}}
vifusefeef\ atmfar;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tjyifrS wynfhrsm; tajy;tvTm; a&muf&SdvmMuNyD;
owif;ydkY tpDt&ifcHvmMuonf/
]]q&mBuD; .... q&mq,fajymif;udk uGsefawmfwdkY ae&mtESH vdkuf&Smaeygw,f q&mBuD; .... tckxdawmh
rawGYao;ygbl;....}}
vifusefeefonf &kwfw&uf oHo,pdwf0ifvmonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif....
]]q,fajymif;[m &efolYbufu olvQdKrsm; jzpfaeovm; rodbl; .... tajctae r[efrSef; odwmeJY
wpfcsdK;wnf; vpfNyDeJY wlw,f ......}}
q,fajymif;udk &SmrawGY[laom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom csefcsD;onf aMumufaoG;wufum idk,dkawmh\/
]]q&mBuD; u,fygOD; .... q&mav; 'DvdkililBuD; &yfaeawmhrSmvm; .... q&mq,fajymif;vnf;
[dko&JvufcsufeJY toufygoGm;NyDeJY wlw,f ..... aemufwpfcgqdk uGsefawmfh tvSnfhyJ .... uGsefawmf ao&awmhr,f
.... uGsefawmfhudk u,fMuyg .....}}
vifusefeefonf OD;acgif;aygufrwwf tajctae t&yf&yfudk oHk;oyfpOf;pm;aepOf csefcsD;\ idkoHudk
Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg a'goxGufoGm;\/ csefcsD;tm; aigufirf; Budrf;armif;vdkufNyD; tcef;xJwGif acgufwHkYacgufjyef
vrf;avQmufaeav awmhonf/ olYEIwfrS wD;wdk; a&&Gwfvdkuf\/
]]wu,fvdkY [dkvlESpfa,mufom csefcsD;*dkPf;uqdk&if ....}}
vifusefeefonf wpfpw
kH pfcu
k kd awG; &oGm;[efjzifh acgif;wpfcsuf ndwv
f u
kd Nf yD; vSr;f trdeYf ay;vdu
k o
f nf/
]]acGs;ajymif;eJY usdajymif;wdkY ESpfa,mufudk ac:vdkufprf;? cdkif;p&mwpfck&Sdw,f .....}}
acGs;ajymif;ESifh usdajymif;wdkYonf r*Fvm tmrcHXme\ tm;xm;&aom odkif;q&mrsm;yif jzpfonf/
tvkyfvkyf&mwGifvnf; tvGef aphpyfaocsmvSojzifh vifusefeefu olwdkYESpfa,muftay: tvGeftav;xm;onf/
rsm;rMumrD acGs;ajymif;ESifh usdajymif;wdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/
vifusefeefu .....
]]acGs;ajymif; .... rif;u vloHk;a,mufac:NyD; ajrmufbufudkvkduf .... q,fajymif;udk vrf;rSmawGYaumif;
awGYEdkifr,f? wu,fvdkY olYudkawGYNyDqdk&if pum;udk acsacsiHiHajym ... b,ftjypfrqdk igu cGifhvTwfwJhtaMumif;udk
ajymjyNyD; jyefvmzdkY igurSmvdkufwJhtaMumif; ajymjy ..... igajymwmawG rSwfrd&JYvm; ....}}
14
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
acGs;ajymif;u ....
]][kwfuJh .... rSwfrdygw,f q&mBuD; .... wu,fvdkY olu ckcHae&ifaum .....}}
]]rckcHygbl; ..... q,fajymif;u em;vnfygw,f .... rif;wdkYu vlav;a,mufawmifyJ ... olb,fckcHvdrfhrvJ
..... wu,fvkdY olYudk vdkufrrDawmhbl;qdk&if tJh'Dvrf;wpfavQmufrSm&SdwJh igwdkY XmecGJawGqD 0ifNyD; q,fajymif;&JY
ajc&m&SmzdkY trdefYay;vdkuf}}
vifusefeefonf wpfpHkwpfckudk qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufonf/ olYqHk;jzwfcsufrSm .....
]]tif; ..... tajctaeawGu &Iyfoxuf &IyfvmovdkyJ .... ighom;owfvdkufwJh usef;pD;e,fom;
b,folvJqdkwm igudk,fwdkif aoaocsmcsm oGm;MunfhrS jzpfawmhr,f ..}}
vifusefeefonf odkif;q&m usdajymif;? csefcsD;ESifh om;jzpfol vifrdefusufudk ac:aqmif &efjzpfcJhMuonfh
t&ufqdkif&Sd&modkY xGufcGmoGm;awmhonf/ xkdtcg csefcsD;onf uvefuqef vkyfawmhonf/ EIwfrSvnf; pl;pl;0g;0g;
atmf[pf\/
]]t&ufqdkifudk oGm;r,f... [kwfvm; .... [dko&J&SdwJhae&mudk oGm;r,f ... [kwfvm; .... rvdkufbl; .....
rvdkufbl; .... 'Dvdkae&mrsdK;udk uGsefawmf vdkuf&Jbl; ....}}
vifusefeefonf ocGyfyifu rD;wusDusD vkyfaeaom csefcsD;tm; tvGef a'goxGufvmojzifh .....
]]usad jymif; .... igrif;udk wm0efay;w,f .... igwm0efay;wJt
h wdik ;f wpfaoGrwdr;f vkypf rf; ..... csecf s;D yg;pyfu
o&JqdkwJh pum;wpfcGef; xGufvm&if usmyGwfeJY wpfcsuf&dkuf ...}}
]][kwfuJh q&mBuD; ....}}
rsm;rMumrD olwdkY t&ufqdkifem;odkY a&mufvmawmh\/ qdkifwHcg; ydwfxm;onfudk awGY&ojzifh
vifrdefusufu wHcg;acgufvdkufonf/ odkYaomf twGif;rS rnfonfhtoHudkrQ rMum;&/
xdkpOf csefcsD;u avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]][dktbdk;BuD;eJY rdef;uav;vnf; toufygoGm;NyDeJY wlw,f .... [dk .... o&J ....}}
usdajymif;onf usmyGwfjzifh csefcsD;\ ycHk;udk cyfajz;ajz; wpfcsuf &dkufvdkuf\/
]]jzef; ....}} csefcsD;onf aMumuf&GHUwkefvIyfaom rsufESmjzifh usdajymif;bufodkY vSnfh ajymvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm; usKyfudk b,favmufyJ&dkuf&dkuf tvum;yJ ... cifAsm;wdkYcsnf;yJ aecJhMuawmh ... usKyfawmh
jyefawmhr,f ... tckvdk b,ftcsdefao&rvJvdkY aMumufvefYae&wJh tvkyfrsdK; usKyfrvkyfawmhbl; ....}}
csefcsD;onf olYpdwf&if;twdkif; wu,fajymjcif;jzpf\/ olYpdwfxJwGif aMumufvefYaeaom t&mudk
vifusefeefuvnf; racsjzwfEdkif? udsajymif;\ usmyGwfuvnf; racsjzwfEdkif/ xdkYaMumifh r*Fvm tmrcHXmewGif
quftvkyfvkyf&ef pdwfrul;awmh/
xdktcg usdajymif;u avoHwdk;wdk;ESifh ajymvdkufonf/
]
]at; ... rif;oGm;csifvnf; oGm;aygh .... [kdo&Ju q&mBuD;udk aMumufvdkY tem;ruyfwm ...
rif;wpfa,mufwnf; xGufoGm;Munfhygvm; .... [if; .... vrf;rSm tJh'Do&JeJY rif;rawGU&bl; qdk&if ajymcsifwdkif;ajym
....}}
csefcsD; tvGefaMumufoGm;\/ ajczsm;vufzsm;rsm;yif wkef,ifat;puf vmawmhonf/ ajcmufuyfpGm
jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm; .... usKyfudk 'DvdkraemufeJY ....}}
odkYaomf vifusefeefwdkY tyg;rS wpfz0g;rS rcGm&Jawmhacs/
t&ufqdkiftwGif;rS rnfonfh wHkYjyefcsufrQ r&ojzifh vifrdefusufonf wHcg;udk aqmifhzGifhvdkufawmh\/
wHcg;onf 0kef;ceJ yGifhoGm;NyD; wHcg;&Gufrsm;onfyif eH&Hrsm;ESifh &dkufcwfoGm;awmhonf/
arSmifrnf;aeaom qdik t
f wGi;f rS vloo
H o
l [
H
l vH;k 0 rMum;&acs/ vifred u
f suo
f nf vufqrJG ;D tdrw
f pfv;kH udk
awGYvdkuf&ojzifh rD;xGef;nSdvdkuf\/
15
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefu ....
]]'Dqdkifu tbdk;BuD;u olwdkYtay:udk tE&m,fawG usa&mufvmrSmpdk;NyD; xGufajy;oGm;wmyJ jzpf&r,f ...
uJ ... olwdkYudk rawGY&vdkY bmrS tusdK;r,kwfbl; .... wdkYvkyfp&mudkom vkyfMur,f ... tavmif;udk jyefazmfvkdufprf;
....}}
aool a&Smif&D\ tavmif;udk t&ufqdkif\ taemufbufwGif jrSyfxm;cJhojzifh olwdkYtm;vHk;
qdkiftaemufbufodkY avQmufoGm;MuNyD; toifh,lvmaom aygufwl;jzifh ajrBuD;rsm;udk wl;vdkufMu\/
ajrBuD;rsm; ... ]zGm} ceJ ]zGm} ceJ xGufvmonfESifhtwl tavmif;onfvnf; ay:vkay:cif tajctaeodkY
a&muf&SdvmacsNyD/ csefcsD;rSmrl wGif;xJodkY vHk;0rMunfh&Jojzifh rsufESmvTJxm;onf/
rsm;rMumrD tavmif;\ udk,fxnfay:vmojzifh odkif;q&m usdajymif;u tavmif;\ udk,fatmufodkY
aygufwl;udk xdk;oGif;vdkufNyD; atmufrS rwifvdkuf\/ tavmif;aumif ajray:odkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ csefcsD;rSmrl
tavmif;udk vHk;0rMunfhacs/
xdpk Of usefvt
l m;vH;k \ tvefYwMum; atmfvu
kd o
f u
H kd Mum;&ojzifh csefcsD;onf aMumufvefYNyD; olYvufwiG f
udkifxm;aom vufqGJrD;tdrfudk vTwfcsvdkufrdonf/ ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; rnf;arSmifoGm;awmh\/
vifrdefusufu ....
]]usaemfwdkY olUudk aoaocsmcsm jrSyfvdkufwmyJ ... tckrS b,fvdkjzpf .... }}
vifusefeefu ....
]]igwdYk olYukd txifvo
JG mG ;NyD ... uJ ... rD;udk jyefxeG ;f xm;vdu
k pf rf; .... aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;MunfMh u&atmif
....}}
usdajymif;onf rD;tdrfudk aumuf,l rD;jyefxGef;vdkufonf/ vifusefeefurl tavmif;\ cEmudk,f
tESHtjym; taotcsm ppfaq;aeonf/ NyD;rS ....
]]tif; ... 'Pf&mvHk;0 r&Sdbl; ... [dkESpfa,muf aoyHkaoenf;eJY twlwlyJ ....}}
vifusefeef\ pum;onf csefcsD;tzdkY xl;qef;aeonf/ a&Smif&Dqdkaom vlpdrf;onf ol\q&mav;
vifrdefusuf\ "g;csufaMumifh aoqHk;oGm;cJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/ csefcsD;onf t&JpGefY tavmif;udk
vSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ MunfhNyD;onfESifh pl;0g;pGm atmf[pfvdkufawmhonf/
]]ol ... ol ... q&m q,fajymif; ....}}
vufpowfawmh .... ajrBuD;xJrS azmfxkwfvdkufonfh tavmif;onf usef;pD;e,fom;\ tavmif;r[kwf/
q&m q,fajymif;\ tavmif; jzpfaeoudk;/
usefpD;e,fom;\ tavmif;onf tb,fodkY aysmufoGm;oenf;/ q&mq,fajymif;\ tavmif;u
tb,faMumifh ae&m a&mufaeoenf;/ xl;qef;vSonfum; trSefyif jzpfawmhonf/
vifusefeefu ....
]]tif; ... t&ufqdkifu tbkd;BuD;udk avQmhwGufvdkY r&awmhbl; ..... awmfawmhudk xl;qef;aew,f ....}}
olwdkYtm;vHk; qdkifxJjyef0ifMuNyD; tcef;aph vdkuf&SmMu\/ xdktcg vifrdefusufonf rdef;rysdKav;\
tzdk;wefcsnfjzifh &ufvkyfxm;aom vufudkify0gwpfxnfudk aumuf,l&&Sdvdkuf\/
vifrdefusufu olYzciftm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]taz ... 'DrSmMunfhprf;ygOD; ... qif;&Jom; orD;u 'Dvdk vufudkify0grsdK; udkEdkifrSmvm; ..}}
vifred u
f suf ajrSmufjyonfh vufuikd yf 0g\ axmifw
h pfae&mwGif t0ga&mif ESi;f qDyef;yGihf wpfyiG hf a&;xd;k xm;aMumif;
awGUMu&onf/
vifusefeefurl tenf;i,f pOf;pm;aevdkuf\/ NyD;rS udsajymif;bufodkY vSnfhar;vdkufonf/
]]usdajymif; .... rif;b,fvdkxifovJ ...}}
]]'Dtbdk;BuD;eJY rdef;uav;udk uGsefawmf rouFmbl; ... olwdkY[m [efaqmifxm;wJh vlawGyJ jzpf&r,f?
olwdkYESpfa,muf[m vlowform;vnf; jzpfEdkifw,f ...}}
vifusefeefonf wpfpHkwpfck ar;&eftwGuf csefcsD;udk vSrf;ac:vdkufonf/ csefcsD;\ xl;oHudkvnf; rMum;&?
xdkYaMumifh csefcsD;udk ae&mtESH &SmazGMujyefawmhonf/
16
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusufu ....
]]{uE ... 'Daumif o&JaMumufvdkY tdrfudk jyefajy;NyDeJY wlw,f ....}}
usdajymif;onf csefcsD;udk &SmazG&if; qdkif\ taemufbufodkY a&muf&SdoGm;onfESifh &kwfw&uf
atmfvdkufrdonf/
]][m ... q&mq,fajymif;&JU tavmif; ....}}
vifusefeefu csufcsif;yif qdkiftaemufbufodkY ckefvdkufoGm;onf/ q,fajymif;\ tavmif;onf
olwdkYcsxm;onfh ae&mwGif r&Sdawmhacs/
ol w d k Y o H k ; a,muf p vH k ; \ rod p d w f u d k wpf p H k w pf c k u vI H a qmf v d k u f o nf h t vm; oH k ; a,muf p vH k ;
tavmifjrSyfonfh ae&modkY ajy;MunhfrdMu\/ xdktcg oHk;a,mufpvHk; wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;Muawmh\/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf olwdkYonf q,fajymif;\ tavmif;udk xkwfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf ajrwGif;xJrS
ajrBuD;rsm;udk wl;azmf wGif;ywfvnfwGif pkyHkxm;cJhonf/ olwdkYxJu rnfol wpfOD;wpfa,mufurS ajrwGif;xJodkY
ajrBuD;rsm; jyefrxnfhcJhMuacs/ ,ck ajrwGif;onf ajrzdkYNyD;om; jzpfaeacsNyD/
vifusefeefu ....
]]w,ftHhMop&m aumif;ygvm;? {uE csefcsD;u aMumufaMumufvefYvefYeJY q,fajymif;&JY tavmif;udk
jyefzdkYypfvdkufNyDeJY wlw,f ....}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh oludk,fwdkif ajryHkudk jyefazmfawmhonf/ vifusefeefonf tawG;aygif;pHkjzifh
acgif;&IyfaeNyDjzpf oHo,rsm;udk taMuG;rxm;vdkawmhacs/ xdkYaMumifh usdajymif;udkyif ajryHkudk razmfcdkif;awmhbJ
udk,fwdkif 0ifusJaejcif; jzpf\/
tavmif; jyefay:vmavNyD/
tm;vHk; tvefYwpfMum; atmfrdMuawmhonf/ tb,fhaMumifhenf;/ ay:vmaom tavmif;onf csefcsD;\
tavmif; jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
tawGUtBuHK&ifhusuf csdefcsdefqq vkyfwwfaom vifusefeefonfyif uwkefu,if jzpfvmawmh\/
vifusefeefonf oufjyif;wpfcsuf&IdufvdkufNyD; ol\pdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif jyefxdef;vdkufonf/ tom;ta&rSm
aEG;aeao;ojzifh csufcsif;aooGm;aMumif; odEdkifcJhonf/ &if0odkY prf;Munhfaomtcg ESvHk;rckefawmhaMumif;vnf;
taotcsm odvdkuf&awmhonf/vifusefeefonf ol\"g;udk ]]&Trf}} ceJ qGJxkwfvdkufNyD; 0if;x&Hay:odkY ayghyg;pGm
ckew
f ufvu
kd \
f / tuif;yg;aom usdajymif;uvnf; t&dyjf y taumifxifonf/ ol\ vSw
H u
H kd toift
h aetxm;jzifh
qGJudkifxm;NyD; vifrdefusuftm; owday;vdkuf\/
]]q&mav; ... &efol ... uGsefawmfwdkY tem;rSmyJ &Sdaew,f ... owdxm;aemf ...}}
vifrdefusufu acgif;wpfcsuf qwfjyvdkufNyD; qdkif\a&SYaygufodkY "g;udkifum ajy;xGufvdkufonf/ xdktcg
olwdkYpD;vmaom jrif;wpfaumifwGif vlwpfa,muf acgif;idkufpdkufcsvQuf xdkifaeaMumif; awGUvdkuf&jyefonf/
vifrdefusufonf rmefoGif;atmf[pfvdkufNyD; "g;jzifh ajy;xdk;&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/
odkYaomf jrif;em;a&mufaomtcg olY"g;udk vrf;ckvwfwGifyif tvsiftjref &yfwefYvdkuf&awmh\/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf jrif;ay: acgif;idkufqdkufcs xdkifaeolrSm ouf&Sdvlwpfa,muf r[kwf q&mq,fajymif;\
tavmif;jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
vifrdefusufonf olYtazudk vSrf;ac:vdkufNyD; q,fajymif;\ tavmif;udk jyvdkufonf/ vifusefeefonf
ceJYNyHK;wpfcsuf NyHK; emMunf;aom avoHjzifh toHudkjrSifh atmfvdkuf\/
]]b,folvJa[h .... a,mufsm;yDo&if xGufvmcJh ... bmjzpfvdkY cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf BuHae&wmvJ ... owd&Sd&if
&ifqdkifwdkufprf;yg ....}}
odkYaomf rnfonfh wHkYjyefcsufudkrQ rMum;&acs/
usdajymif;u avoHudk ESdrfh vifusefeeftm; ajymvdkuf\/
]]q&mBuD ; .... 'D v l [ m ajcvuf od y f j ref y H k & w,f ... ol ' D a vmuf tcsd e f w d k w d k a v;twG i f ; rS m
vlawG'Davmufrsm;rsm; vkyfBuHEdkifwm awmf&HkjrefvdkY r&bl; ....}}
17
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefu ....
]]wpfa,mufwnf; rxifeJY .... wpfa,mufwnf;eJY 'Davmuf rvkyfBuHEdkifbl; ....}}
usdajymif;u ....
]]q&mBuD; .... 'Dudpudk b,fvdk oabm&vJ[if ...}}
vifusefeefu ....
]][dk t&ufa&mif;wJh tbdk;BuD;eJY rdef;uav; ESpfa,muf[m wkdYeJY &ifqdkifzdkY a&mufvmwJh vlawGyJ jzpf&r,f
... 'gayr,fh olwdkYu [dkusef;pD;e,fom; ESpfa,mufeJY wpfzGJUwnf; [kwfr[kwfawmh rSef;vdkY r&ao;bl; ....}}
vifrdefusufu olYt,ltqudk 0ifajymonf/
]]taz .... tazajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm; ... csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u olYwynfhav;a,mufudk vTwfvdkufr,fqdk
.... tck olwdkYtm;vHk;aygif;&ifvnf; av;a,mufyJ r[kwfvm; ....}}
vifusefeefonf om;\t,ltqudk Mum;&aomtcg awGa0oGm;rd\/ olu ....
]]igwdkY r*Fvm tmrcHXmeu csif;csef;*dkPf;udk av;av;pm;pm; qufqHcJhwmyJ ... t&ifuvnf; olwdkYeJY
jyem r&SdcJhygbl;/ olwdkYu bmjzpfvdkY igwdkYudk &ef&Sm&rSmvJ .... om;ajymovdk jzpfEdkifr,f rxifygbl; .....}}
oHk;a,mufpvHk; wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhum rnfonfhpum;ukdrQ rajymEdkifMuawmhacs/ twefMumrS
vifusefeefu .....
]]uJ .... q,fajymif;&JU tavmif;udk tcef;xJ jyefa&TUxm;vdkuf .... 'Dudpudk XmexJjyefa&mufwJhtcg
b,folYudkrS rajymMueJY .... awmfMum w&m;&Hk;a&mufoGm;&if jyemu qHk;awmhrSm r[kwfbl; .... &Iyfukefvdrfhr,f
....}}
odYk jzifh oH;k a,mufpvH;k XmeodYk jyefvmcJMh uawmh\/ XmeodYk vSr;f jrif&onfh ae&modYk a&mufaomtcgwGif
Xme\ wHcg;rBuD;a&SUwGif rD;rsm; xdefxdefnD;atmif xGef;nSdxm;aMumif; awGUvdkufMu&awmhonf/
vif u sef e ef o nf xd k j rif u G i f ; aMumih f tBuD ; tus,f pd w f v I y f & S m ;oG m ;awmh \ / ol \ jrif ; ud k
'kef;pdkif;pD;awmhonf/ Xmea&SUrS vlwpfcsdKUonf olwdkYudk jrifoGm;ojzifh atmf[pfvdkufMuonf/
]]q&mBuD; jyefa&mufvmNyD ...}}
vifusefeefonf jrif;ay:rS vsifjrefpGm ckefqif;vdkufonf/ olyxrqHk; rsufESmcsif;qdkif awGUvdkuf&onfrSm
ZeD;jzpfol 0rfzl;jzpf\/ 0rfzl;\ rsufESmonf a'goaMumifh wif;rmcufxefaeonf/ olru vifusefeefudk
awGUonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf .....
]]Munfhprf;ygOD;&Sif ... uGsefrwdkY Xmeay:wwfNyD; apmfum;xm;yHkawG ....}}
Xme\ ab;wpf b uf w pf c suf w G i f pd k u f x l x m;aom tvH w d k i f B uD ; ES p f a csmif ; onf cg;v,f r S
&dkufcsdK;cHxm;&aMumif; awGUvdkuf&onf/ vifusefeefonf usdK;aeaom ae&mudk ppfaq;Munfhvdkuf&m
rnDrnmjzpfaeonfudk awGU&Sdvdkuf&onf/
"g;jzifh ckwfjzwfcsdK;xm;jcif; r[kwfbJ vuf0g;apmif;jzifh &dkufcsdK;xm;aMumif; odomayonf/
rQavmuf BuD ; rm;wk w f c d k i f a om opf o m;wd k i f B uD ; ud k vuf 0 g;apmif ; jzif h ck w f j zwf E d k i f o l \
odkif;ynmtqifhonf awm&Hkwef&Hktqifh r[kwfacs/ odkif;ynm tvGefjrifhrm;aMumif; odEdkifayonf/
tmrcHXme&Sd vlrsm;tm;vHk; a'gotrsuf ajcmif;ajcmif;xGufMuonf/ tvHonf rdrdwdkYXme\
*kPfodumjzpfonf/ t&Sifjzpfonf/ tvHudk &dkufcsdK;jcif;onf rdrdwdkY\ yg;udk &dkufvdkufouJhodkY odumusaponf[k
tm;vHk;u pGJrSwf,lxm;Muonf/
vifusefeef\ a'gorSm ajymp&mr&Sad wmhacs/ ,ckuo
hJ Ykd pdwrf csrf;ajrUzG,&f mtjzpfBuD; pwifjzpfay:vmonfh
tcsdefwpfavQmufvHk;wGif wpfBudrfonfom a'gotxGufqHk; jzpfonf/
t&S i f ; qH k ; qd k & vQif vif r d e f u suf \ wpf o uf w mvH k ; ol Y z cif B uD ; uJ h o d k Y a'goxG u f o nf u d k
wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGUcJhzl;ay/
vifusefeefonf 0rfz;l ESihf vifred u
f sufukd tcef;twGi;f odYk ac:aqmifvmonf/ ta&;BuD;aom pum;rsm;udk
vufatmufi,fom;rsm; rMum;apvdk jzpfonf/ vifrdefusufonf wkef,ifaom avoHjzihf ....
]]taz tm;vHk; uGsefawmfhaMumifh jzpf&wmyJ .... uGsefawmfh tjypfyg ....}}
18
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefurl om;tm; ESpfodrfhaom tMunfhjzifh Munfh&if; .....
]]bmqdkifvdkY om;tjypf jzpf&rSmvJ ... tazwdkYtaeeJY vlowfoifh&if owf&rSmyJ ... 'DvdkvlrsdK;eJY taz
&ifqdkifwdk;&if tazvnf; owfrSmyJ ....}}
0rfzl;taejzifh cifyGef;jzpfolESifh om;jzpfolwdkY ajymaeonfh pum;rsm;udk vHk;0em;rvnf/ xdkYaMumifh
vifrdefusufu olYrdciftm; ZwfpHkjyef cif;jy&onf/
0rfzlrSm olr\ tmrcHXmerS vlawmfvlaumif;rsm; taMumif;rJh towfcH&onfudk od&SdoGm;aomtcg
a'gotdk; aygufuGJoGm;awmhonf/ pm;yGJcHkudk a'gojzifh &dkufvdkufNyD; ...
]]tpfuBkd uD; ... 'g oufouf apmfum;wmyJ .... uGsefrwdYk vlpNk yD; reufvif;wmeJY csifcsef;*dP
k ;f udk oGm;&Si;f r,f
... tazwdkY tpfudkwdkY OD;av;wdkYudkyg ac:oGm;r,f ....}}
0rfzl;rSm trsdK;orD;jzpfaomfvnf; pdwfxufolwpfa,muf jzpf tjcm;rdef;uav;rsm;uJhodkY aysmhaysmhnHhnHh
r[kwfacs/
vifusefeefurl .....
]]tJ'Dvdk t&rf;&Sif;vdkY jzpfao;wm r[kwfbl; 0rfzl; .... &efol b,folqdkwm aoaocsmcsm rod&ao;bl;
... tcktajctae Munfh&wm odyfr[efbl; ... olwdkYu 'DavmufeJY auseyfOD;rSm r[kwfbl;vdkY igxifw,f ....}}
0rfzl;u emMunf;aom avoHjzifh jyefajymonf/
]]tckavmuf vkyfxm;wmawmif olwdkYu rauseyfao;bl;vm; .... bmxyfvkyfcsifao;vdkYvJ ....}}
vifusefeefonf 0rfzl;tm; rnfonfhpum;rQ rajym/ om;bufodkY wpfcsufMunfhvdkufonf/ 0rfzl;u
csufcsif;yif oabmaygufoGm;NyD; wkefvIyfacsmufcsm; oGm;onf/
vifrdefusufu ....
]]tar ... 'Dudp[m om;aMumifh jzpf&wmyg ... om;raMumufygbl; ... vmprf;ygap ... om;cH&Jygw,f
....}}
vifrdefusuf raMumufonfuawmh trSefyif jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olYcrsm pdwfvIyf&Sm;rIaMumifh
toHwkefwkef,if,if jzpfaeonfrSmvnf; trSefyif jzpfawmhonf/
0rfzl;u .....
]][if; .... olwdkYu om;udk xdcsifw,fqdk&if tarhudk t&ifowfNyD;rS om;udk xdvdkY&r,f ... tarwdkY
r*Fvm tmrcHXmeuvnf; olwdkYvkyforQ acgif;pOf;cH&avmufatmif rnHhao;ygbl;}}
vifusefeefu .....
]]om;... bmrSrpdk;&drfaeeJY ... jzpfvmrSawmh bmaMumufae&awmhrSmvJ .... 'gayr,fh vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufwJh
tpDtpOfawGawmh vkyfxm;&rSmyJ..... tck vlvTwfNyD; NrdKUxJoGm; pHkprf;cdkif;&r,f? aemufNyD; Xmeudkvnf;
cgwdkif;xufydkNyD; uif;csxm;&r,f .... rif;uawmh om;em;u wpfz0g;rS rcGmeJY .... om;uvnf; Xmetjyifbuf
avQmufoGm;raeeJY ....}}
0rfzl;u ....
]]tpfukdBuD;ajymwm uGsefr oabmaygufygw,f ...}}
olwdkYvifr,m; ESpfa,mufpvHk;u &efol\ ajcvSrf;rsm;udk BudKwifodjrifaeMuonf/ &efol\ aemufxyf
vkyfBuHrnfh ypfuGif;onf olwdkY\ om;uav; jzpfEdkifonf/
olwdkYtwGuf tusOf;tusyf usaeonfh tcsufrSm &efolu tarSmifxJwGif&SdNyD; rdrdwdkYu tvif;atmufwGif
a&muf&Sdaejcif; jzpfonf/ rdrdwdkYu &efol\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk rnfodkYrS rjrif&/ &efoluom rdrdwdkYtm;
om;aumifacsmif;ovdk acsmif; pdwfBudKuf vkyfBuHaeayonf/
xdkYaMumifh rdrdwdkYtzdkY jyefvnfwdkufcdkuf&ef rajymESifh ckcHumuG,f&efyif tcufBuD; cufaeawmhonf/
rdrdwdkY\ om;uav;om Xmetjyif xGufvdkufonfESifh csufcsif; vkyfBuHcH&ayawmhrnf/
vifusefeefu cef;rBuD;wGif vma&mufpka0;Mu&ef Xme&Sd okdif;q&mtm;vHk;udk ac:vdkufonf/ Xme\
vHkNcHKa&;twGuf xdkufoifh&m ae&mtoD;oD; ae&mcsay;xm;onf/
19
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
rQ aphaphpyfpyf uif;csjcif;yifvQif vHkNcHKa&;twGuf pdwfcsaumif;rS pdwfcs&ayrnf/ tarSmifxJrS &efol\
r&PvufwHonf tvGef&Snfvsm;vSonf/
vifusef;eeftzdkY tawGYtBuHK &ifhusufol jzpfonfhtjyif &efol\ ajc&mvuf&mrsm;udk Munhf ol\
tumtuG,frsm;udk pdwfrcsEdkifavmufatmif jzpfaeonf/
trsm;BuD;odolonf ,HkMunfrI enf;enf;om &SdwwfMuonf r[kwfygvm;/
odkYaomf xdknwGif rnfodkYrQ rjzpfyGm;cJh/ 'kwd,aeY t&kPf rdk;aomufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf r&P\
vufwHrsm;onf uBudK;uuGufrsm; pwifujyp jyKaeayNyD/
vl w pf a ,muf u ol w d k Y om;tz\ td y f c ef ; tjyif b uf r S yk w f E d I ; aeonf / vif r d e f u suf r S m
olYaMumifhjzpf&onf[k rSwf,lxm;ol jzpfojzifh nu apmpD;pGm tdyfraysmfcJh/ nOfheufrS tdyfaysmfcJh&ojzifh tjyifrS
atmfoHaMumifh &kwfw&uf Edk;rvmcJhacs/
vifusefeefurl vlBuD;jzpfonfhtjyif tNrJ owd0&d,&Sdol jzpfojzifh tdyf&mrSx ar;vdkufonf/
]]bmjzpfovJa[h ....}}
]]q&mBuD; .... q&mav;&JUjrif; aooGm;NyD ...}}
vifrdefusufonf ol\ jrifjzLBuD;udk tvGef cspfcifjrwfEdk;aMumif; jrif;xdef;u od&Sdxm;onf/ ,ck
vifrdefusuf tifrwefcspfaom jrif;jzLBuD; aooGm;ojzifh csufcsif; vma&muf taMumif;rMum;vQif olYwm0ef
jzpfEdkifayonf/
xdkodkY ajymvdkufoHudk tdyf&may:rS vifrdefusufonf oJhoJhMum;vdkufojzifh csufcsif; vl;vJxum
jrif;aZmif;odkY vdkufMunfhawmh\/ vifusefeefonf jrif;jzLBuD;\ wpfudk,fvHk; 'Pf&m'Pfcsuf &SmMunfhonf/
rnfonfh 'Pf&m'PfcsufrQ rawGY&/
vifusefeefonf vifrdefusuftm; ESpfodrfhvdkufonf/
]]om; .... bmrS pdwfraumif;jzpfraeeJY .... taz rif;udk 'Dxufaumif;wJh jrif;wpfaumif xyf0,fay;r,f
.....}}
vifrdefusufonf oljrwfEdk;vSaom jrif;BuD;twGuf rsuf&nfusonftxd 0rf;enf;rdawmhonf/
xdpk Of i,fom;wpfO;D armBuD;yef;BuD; ajy;vmNyD; toufyif r&SLEdik af wmhbJ qufwu
kd f ajycsvdu
k af wmhonf/
]]q&mBuD; .... odkif;q&mawG ... uGsefawmfwdkYXmeu odkif;q&mawGtm;vHk; toufygoGm;MuNyD ....}}
vifusefeefwdkY om;tz ESpfa,mufpvHk; tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;onf/
]]bm ....}}
]]aoNyDav ... tm;vHk; aoukefNyD ....}}
vifusefeef &dyfrdavNyD/ xdktcdkufrSmyif tjyifbufrS qlqlnHnH toHrsm; Mum;&jyefawmhonf/
atmfoH[pfoH acsmufcsm;oHrsm;yif jzpfawmh\/ tcsdKUu....
]]q&mBuD;aum ... q&mBuD;udk jrefjref taMumif;Mum;yg}}
]]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ .... o&JeJY ,SOfowfzdkYqdkwmu rvG,fbl; ....}}
]]'Davmuf aMumufp&maumif;wJh o&JeJY b,fvdk ,SOfowfcsifvdkYvJ ....}}
olYvrl sm; aoG;ysufvrk wwf aMumufvefYaeonfukd vifusefeefoo
d jzifh yg;pyfrsm; ydwo
f mG ;ap&ef atmf[pf
ar;jref;vdkufonf/
]]ig'DrSm &Sdw,fa[h .... bmudpvJ ....}}
xdktcg odkif;q&mESpfa,mufESifh i,fom;oHk;a,mufwdkY tarmwaum ajy;0ifvmMuNyD; vifusefeeftm;
tpDt&if cHvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD; .... q&mBuD; raeYu vTwfvdkufwJh uGsefawmfwdkYXmeu odkif;q&mawGtm;vHk; wpfa,mufrS
jyefrvmMubl;}}
rdrdapvTwfvdkufolrsm;onf rdrdtay:ESifh r*FvmtmrcHXmetay: tvGef opmapmifhodolrsm; jzpfMu
aojcif;rSvGJ tjcm;taMumif;rsm;aMumifhqdkvQif rkcs jyefvmMurnfholrsm; jzpf\/
20
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tcef; (3)
wHkjyefaMuG;
rMumcifaemufxyftavmif;ig;avmif;xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmjyef onf/ xdktavmif;rsm;udk teD;tem;rS
vrf;ab;wGif awGY&Sdvmojzifh vma&mufay;ydkYMujcif;jzpfonf/
,cktajctaet& vifusefeefapvTwfvkdufonfhvlESpfq,foHk;a,mufteufwGif ESpfq,fhESpfa,muf\
tavmif;rsm;jyefvnfa&muf&v
dS monf udak wGY&aomtcg bmvky
f bmudik &f rnfuykd ifrodEidk af tmifjzpfomG ;awmh\/
r*FvmtmrcHXmerSmacwftqufquf *kPfESifhj'yfESifhtvGefeHrnfMuD;cJhaomXmeMuD;jzpfcJ hayonf/ ,ck
rdrd\ vufxufa&mufonfhtcgwGifrS Munfhraumif;? &Iraumif;ysufpD;&awmhrnfudk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg
rdrdESvHk;om;rsm;udk wpfpHkwpfa,mufu zspfnSpfqkyfacsbdouJhodkYemusifpGmcHpm;ae&awmhonf/
xdktckdufrSmyif jrif;cGmoHrsm;tqufrjywf Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ odkYaomf ajy;vmaeaom jrif;rsm;ay:wGif
xdkifvsuf ygvmolr&Sd/ uefYvefYjzwfvJavsmif;aeolrsm;udkomawGYMu&onf/
vifusefeefonf csufcsif;yifoabmaygufvdkufonf/
jrif;rsm;qDodkYcsufcsif;ajy;vTm;jyD;oGm;Munfhvdkuf aomtcg q,fajymif;xGufajy;onf[ktxifrSm;jyD;
q,fajymif;aemuf vkdufckdif;vdkufonfh okdif;q&mav;a,muf\tavmif;rsm;jzpfaeonf/
tavmif;rsm;udk ppfaq;Munfhvdkufaomtcg 'Pf&m[lwpfpHkwpf&mrQ rawGY&acs/
vifusefeefonf onfwpfMudrfwGifawmh vHk;0pdwfrxdef;csKyfEkdifawmhay/ vlrsm;rSm rdrdESifh ESpf&Snfvrsm;
opm&Sd&Sd vufwJGvkyfudkifcJholrsm;jzpfMuonf/ ,ckawGY&aomtcg rsuf&nfjzdKifjzdKifusvmrdawmhonf/
vifusefeef\ZeD;jzpfol 0rfzl;onfvnf; olr\"m;udkqJGxkwfum tdrfa&SYjcH0if;tjyifokdYxGuf
atmf[pfpdefac:awmh\/
]]owdr &SdwJhaumifawG ... rdef;rvsmawG ... owdr&SdbJ ckd;aMumifckd;0Suf t&Sufr&SdvkyfMuHaewJhaumifawG?
a,mufsm;qkd&ifxGufcJhygvm; ... owd&Sd&Sd&ifqkdifygvm; ..}}
vifusefeefu ..
]]0rfzl; ... rif;atmfaevdkYvnf; tydkyJ ... 'DaumifawGu awmhxGufvmrSmr[kwfbl; ... 'DvdkyJ
ckd;aMumifckd;0SufvkyfMuHaerSmyJ}}
]]atmfvdkYrxl;vnf;atmfrSmyJ .. 'DacG;aumifawGuRefrwdkY&JY bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;ukdaMumufvkdYxGufrvm&Jwm
.. 'gaMumifh ckd;aMumifckd;0SufeJY rqdkifwJhvlawGudkavQmufowfaewm .. tvum;vlowform;awG... }}
21
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOfacgifrdk;ay:rS r&,fcsifh&,fcsifjzifh rckd;rcefY&,fvdkufonfh ][ifh} [laomtoHwpfcsufudkMum;vdkuf&jyD;
vQdKY0Sufvufeufwpfckonf ]&TD}ceJjrnfvsuf vQufwpfjyufusa&mufvmawmhonf/
vQdKY0Sufvufeufonf 0rfzl;vufwGifudkifxm;aom "m;&dk;udk]xef;} ceJaeatmifxdrSefoGm;ojzifh
"m;rSmvGwu
f somG ;awmhonf/ vifuseef efuvnf; vQyw
f pfjyufyifo\
l vufuadk 0SY,rf;vdu
k &f m jrm;wkEd pS af csmif;onf
toHxGufay:&mokYd]0SD;}ceJ ajy;0ifoGm;awmh\/
vifusefeefu "m;udkvnf;csufcsif;qJGxkwfvkdufjyD; acgifrdk;ay:odkY&kwfw&ufckefwufvdkufonf/
odkYaomfacgifrdk;ay:vl[l t&dyfta,mifyifrawGYjrif&acs/
vif u sef e ef \ aemuf o k d Y 0rf z l ; vnf ; xuf M uyf r uG m vd k u f y goG m ;onf / ol w d k Y ES p f a ,muf v H k ;
ae&mtESH&Smaomfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ rawGYMu&ay/
0rfzl;rSm rdrd\vufwGifudkifxm;aom"m;udk vQdKY0Sufvufeufjzifh vGwfusatmif ypfcsEkdifonfudk
udk,fawGYod&Sdvkduf&ojzifh wkefvIyfaeonf/ olr\vifa,mufsm;ESifhtwl atmufokdYckefqif;vdkufjyD; om;jzpfol
vifrdefusufudkyg vSrf;ac:jyD; tcef;wGif;okdY0ifvkdufonf/
olru toHudkESdrfhajymvdkufonf/
]]tudkMuD;? &efol&JYokdif;ynmu wu,hfukdaMumufp&maumif;aewmyJ ... uRefrwdkY b,fvdkvkyf,SOfEkdifrSmvJ
.. 'Dtwkdif;qdk uRefrwdkY}}
olronf pum;ukdqHk;atmifrajymawmhbJ xdkae&mwGif &yfvkdufjyD; vifusefeefudkMunfhvdkufonf/
vifusefeefu ...
]]'DvkdtajctaersdK;a&mufaerSawmh igwdkY&JYoli,fcsif;rdwfaqGawGqD tultnDawmif;&awmhrSmaygh}}
]]uRefrwdkY&JYrdwfaqGawGxJrSm uRefrwkdYxufokdif;ynmawmfwJhvlur&SdoavmufbJ}}
]]'gawmh[kwfw,f ... 'gayr,fh acgif;rsm;rsm;eJY pOf;pm;awmh tMuHaumif;? OmPfaumif;? enf;vrf;aumif;
awG&Ekdifwmayg h}}
]]'gjzifh tudkMuD;u b,folYudkzdwfr,fvdkYpOf;pm;xm;ovJ ...}}
]]tckavmavmq,fq,f teD;tem;u vlawGudkt&ifac:r,f .. aemufjyD; zmefusL; .. eefcsif;&JY
uGrf;wHk;e,fu XmecJGoHk;cku okdif;q&maumif;awGudkjyefac:r,f ... aemufqHk;rSm 'De,foHk;e,frSm&SdwJh
odkif;avmuom;awGukd zdwfr,f ...}}
0rfzl;onf pdwfroufromjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dvkdta&;ay:tultnDawmif;&wJhudpudkodkif;avmuom;awG odoGm;&if uRefrwdkY&J odumtrsm;MuD;
usawmhrSmyJ}}
vifusefeefu ..
]]tif; ... rif;ajymwmvJ [kwfwmyJ .. 'Dvkdvkyf&ifaumif;r,f ... rif;&JYarG;aeYusif;ywJhtaeeJY
zdwfpmawGydkYvkdufr,f ... 'Dawmhvltm;vHk;udk igwkdY,HkMunftm;udk;Ekdifr,fh vlawGudkwdk;wkd;wdwdwfajymvdkufr,f
... 'Dvdkqkd&ifigwkdYtultnDawmif;&wJhtaMumif;odkif;avmu wpfckvHk;uodroGm;Ekdifawmhbl;aygh}}
0rfzl;onf xdktpDtpOfukd oabmusoGm;onf/ vifusefeefu csufcsif;yif tcef;wGif;okdY0if
zdwfpmrsm;a&;om;awmhonf/ okdYaomfolYpdwfwGifrl ...
]]tif; .. zdwfomzdwf&w,f ? odyfawmh tm;r&SdvSbl;? 'Dnawmif tajctaeu b,fvdkaeOD;rvJrodbl;?
aemufjyD;zdwfxm;wJhvlawGtajctaeuvnf; b,fvdkaeOD;rvJrodbl; .. aemufjyD; zdwfxm;wJhvlawGa&mufwJh
tcsdefxdawmifigwkd YtmrcHXmeuawmifhrS awmifhcHEkdifyghrvm;rodbl;...}}
vifusefeefonf zdwfpmrsm;udk tjyD;owfa&;jyD;oGm;aomtcgzdwfpmydkYcdkif;&eftjyifokdYxGufvmonf/
xd k p Of o k w f o D ; ok w f y sm0if v maom i,f o m;ES p f O D ; ES i f h &if q d k i f w k d ; rd M uawmh o nf / i,f o m;ES p f O D ; onf
aMumuf&HGYxdwfvefYaeaom trlt&mjzifh
]]q&mMuD; ... 'kuyJ}}
vifusefeefu ..
]]bmjzpfvmjyefjyDvJ}}
22
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xkdtcgi,fom;wpfa,mufu ...
]]q&mMuD ; apmapmu vif y k u d k aiG u d k i f u tavmif ; awG x nf h z d k Y a cgif ; awG 0 ,f c k d i f ; vd k u f w ,f ..
vifyk[mtjyifa&mufjyD; vrf;Mum;xJudkcsdK;0ifvkdufwmeJY vJusjyD; aooGm;wmyJ}}
vifusefeefu ..
]]tck .. olaum ... }}
]]vrf;ay:rSmyJ &Sdao;w,f }}
]]oGm; .. olYtavmif;udk o,fcJhMuprf;}}
olYpdwfxJwGif
]]tif; .. 'DvdkaeYcif;aMumifawmifawmif jrdKYxJrSmvlowf&Jw,fqdkawmh wu,hfudk bDvl;obwfvdk
vlowform;awGeJYigwkdYawmh awGYae&jyD ... odyftwifh&JwJhacG;aumifawGyJ}}
vifusefeefu a'gojzifh atmfvdkufonf/
]]a[haumif rif; b,fvdkjzpfaewmvJ igckdif;aewmrMum;bl;vm;}}
xdki,fom;onf wkefwkef,if,ifjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mMuD; ... q&mMuD;udk,fwkdif [dk .. [dk... udkoGm;Munfhyg}}
vifusefeefonf xdki,fom;tm; pum;qufrajymawmhbJ wHcg;rtjyifbufokdYavQmufxGufvmawmh\/
xdktcg wHcg;rem;wGifokdif;q&moHk;a,mufESifh i,fom;oHk;a,mufwkdYonf vrf;rokdYMunfhjyD; rsufESmrsm;
aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfaeonfudk awGYvkduf&onf/
vifusefeefu ...
]]uJ .. b,fvdkjzpfMuwmvJ}}
xdkolrsm;xHrS pum;jyefr&ojzifh oluvrf;rtjyifokdY vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ xdktcgwHcg;r\ tjyifbuf&Sd
ausmufcif;xm;aom ajrjyifwGif aoG;jzifhpm;rsm; a&;om;xm;onfudk awGYvdkuf&awmh\/
]]tdrftjyif q,fvSrf;avQmufxGufol ao&rnf}}
xdkpmvHk;rsm;onf ajcq,fvSrf;cefY avQmufoGm;&rnfh ae&mwGif&Sdaeayonf/ rsOf;wpfaMumif;udkvnf;
a&;qJGxm;onf/ aoG;rsOf;aMumif;yifjzpf\/
vifusifeefu ...
'gb,fola&;wmvJ .. a&;wJhvludk wpfa,mufrSrawGYvdkuf&bl;vm;}}
okdif;orm;wpfa,mufu ...
]]apmapmwkef;u vifykvrf;rrSm aoaew,fqdkvdkYtm;vHk; ajy;MunfhMuw,f .. aemufawmh'DpmvHk;awG
awGYvdkuf&awmhwmyJ}}
vifusefeefonf ykcHk;wpfcsufwGefYvdkuf\/ toHudkjrifhjyD;ajymvdkufonf/
]]aumif;jyD? jyoemawG&IyfvGef;vdkYigvnf; aocsifjyD 'Dawmh 'DrsOf;aMumif;udk jzwfr,f .. aooGm;vnf;
ightzdkhat;wmyJ}}
odkif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf tvefYwMum;atmf[pf wm;jrpf&ef[efjyifvkdufMuonf/
]]q&mMuD; ...}}
olwdkYpum;pvdkufcsdefwGif vifusefeefonf aoG;rsOf;aMumif;odkYa&muf&SdaeacsjyD/ vifusefeefonf
aoG;jzifha&;xm;onfhpmvHk;rsm;ESifhrsOf;aMumif;udkajcaxmufjzifh yGwfoyfacszsufjyvkdufonf/ jyD;rS tmrcHXme
wHcg;rMuD;odkYjyefavQmufvmonf/ odkif;orm;rsm;tm; ...
]]'Dvakd jcmufveS Yf rrI sd K;[m igwdYk oikd ;f avmurSm &d;k aeygjyD ... uJ ... tckrif;wkYd tjrifyJ ... bmaMumufp&m&So
d vJ
... rif;wkdYoHk;a,muf tckacgif;qdkifudkoGm;jyD;awmh bkef;MuD;av;yg;avmufyifhjyD; 'DuaooGm;wJh vlawGtwGuf
o&P*Hkwifvdkuf}}
xdo
k ikd ;f orm;oH;k a,mufwYkdonf olwYkd\q&mMuD;vifuseef efaoG;rsO;f aMumif;jzwfausmaf epOfu &ifwrrjzifh
pdk;&drfcJhMuonf/ ,ckrnfodkYrQrjzpfEkdifaMumif; awGY&SdaomtcgusrS vHk;0pdwfat;oGm;jyD; vufeufudk,fpDudkifum
tjyifodkYavQmufxGufoGm;awmhonf/
23
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefonftcef;wGi;f odYk jyefvn
S 0hf ifvmjyD;aemuf zdwpf mudp aqmif&u
G &f ef MuH&,
G v
f u
kd o
f nf xdw
k '*F
twGi;f rSmyif vlwpfa,mufajy;0ifvmoHMum;vku
d &f ojzifh csucf si;f yifvn
S Mhf unfv
h u
kd \
f /vlwpfa,mufajy;0ifvmjyD;
ajrMuD;ay:odkYvJusoGm;onfudk awGYvdkuf&onf/
vif u sef e ef o nf c suf c sif ; ck e f x G u f j yD ; ajy;Munf h v d k u f o nf / vif u sef e ef \ OD ; acgif ; onf
rdu
k cf eJYjzpfomG ;awmh\/tb,fah Mumifq
h akd omf ,ckvu
J soGm;olrmS apmapmu acgif;0,f&efomG olo;kH a,muf teufrS
wpfa,mufjzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
xd k o l \ cE m ud k , f o nf tenf ; i,f v I y f & S m ;aeao;aMumif ; awG Y vd k u f & ojzif h vif u sef e ef o nf
uref;uwef;ayGYxlvdkufonf/ toufaiGYaiGYusefaeao;aMumif; od&Sdvdkufojzifh jznf;jznf;ar;vdkuf\/
]]b,fvdkjzpf&wmvJuGm ...}}
]]ol olwdkYaojyD ... uRefawmfxGufajy;vmw,f / 'gayr,fh ... }}
vifusefeefu .. .
]]&efolu b,fvdkyHkpHrsdK;vJ}}
]]r ... rodbl;}}
xk d o k d i f ; orm;onf wpf c suf r Qwk e f c goG m ;jyD ; touf x G u f o G m ;awmh o nf / owif ; onf
tmrcHXmewpfckvHk;ysHYESHYoGm;awmhonf/
xdt
k cg0rfz;l ESiv
hf ufred u
f suw
f Ykdonf twGi;f cef;rSxu
G v
f mMu\/ olwYkdEpS af ,mufpvH;k tvGepf w
d rf csr;f rom
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awGY&Sd&aomaMumifhjzpfonf/
vif u sef e ef u touf x G u f o G m ;ol \ tavmif ; ud k j znf ; nif ; pG m atmuf o k d Y csvd k u f o nf / jyD ; rS
&kwfw&ufrwfwyf&yfvkdufjyD; ...
]]uJ .. ig[kt
d avmif;ESpaf vmif;udk oGm;o,fvu
kd Of ;D r,f ... ighwynfah wG usD;pm;acG;pmawmh tjzpfrcHEidk b
f ;l }}
xdktcg aiGudkifu tavmwMuD;0ifwm;vdkuonf/
]]q&mMuD; ... q&mMuD;udk,fwkdifroGm;ygeJY}}
aiGudkifonf ajymajymqdkqkdjzifh cef;rMuD;bufodkYvSnfh&if;
]]rif;wkdYxJu b,foltavmif;oGm;o,frvJ .. oGm;wJholudkaiGwpf&mqkcsr,f}}
aiG u d k i f o nf oH k ; Mud r f w d w d y if atmf [ pf a jymqk d a omf v nf ; wpf O D ; wpf a ,muf r Q rvI y f M uacs/
xdkpOf0rfzl;\txdwfwvefYatmfoHudkMum;vkduf&onf/
]][if ... om; .. .om;av; ... uRefrom;av; b,fa&mufoGm;jyDvJ}}
xdktcgusrS vifrdefusufwpfa,muftcef;wGif;r&SdawmhaMumif;vltm;vHk; od&SdvdkufMu&awmh\/
xdkYaMumifhtm;vHk;u0dkif;atmfrdMuonf/
]]q&mav; .. .q&mav;}}
xdkpOftdrftjyifbufrS vifrdefusuf\toHukdMum;vdkuf&ojzifh tm;vHk;vefYzsyfoGm;Muonf/
]]uRefawmf'DrSmyg}}
vifusefeef? 0rfzl;ESifh okdif;orm;tm;vHk; wHcg;rMuD;&Sd&modkYajy;oGm;Muonf/ vifrdefusufonf
tavmif;ESpfavmif;xrf;jcHwHcg;udk avQmufvmawmh\/
vif u sef e ef E S i h f 0rf z l ; wk d Y onf ol w d k Y \vuf e uf r sm;ud ]&T r f ; }ceJ qJ G x k w f u m ok l w d k Y om;ab;
wpfbufwpfcsufodkY ckef0ifoGm;um vmorQ&efoltm;ckcH&eftqifoifhjyifxm;vdkufMuonf/
ok d Y jzif h aoG ; rsOf ; aMumif ; ud k a usmf v G e f u m jcH t wG i f ; ok d Y ab;rod & ef r c 0if v mawmh \ /
tcef;wGif&Sdodkif;q&mrsm;rSm tm;&auseyfpGmvufckyfwD;Muonf/
]]q&mav; owd&Sdw,f}}
]]ol&Jaumif;pdwf&Sdw,f}}
24
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefESifh 0rfzl;wdkYonf olwdkY\wpfOD;wnf;aomom;uav;\owd&SdykHudk tvGefause yf
tm;&oGm;onf/ okdYaomf0rfzl;u wkd;nSif;aomavoHjzifh
]]om;av;bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdkayghayghqq vkyf&wmvJ .. &efol[m tarwkdYywfvnftarSmifxJrSm &Sdaew,f/
olwdkYukd tarwkdUurjrif&bl; ... owdukdtvGJoHk;pm;rvkyfeJY}}
vifrdefusufonf rcsdjyHK;jyHK;&if; ...
]]uRefawmfpdwfrxdef;Ekdifawmhbl; tar ... uRefawmfuvlwpfa,mufukdowfrdwmeJY uRefawmhftwGuf
vlawG'Davmuftrsm;MuD;towfcHae&w,f ? 'DvdktajctaersdK;rSm uRefawmfu ao&rSmaMumufaeao;&if
uRefawmfvlb,f[kwfawmhrvJtar&,f ..}}
vifusefeefonf ol\tmZmenfom;twGuf 0rf;wGif;rS usdwf*kPf,laeonf/ &J&ifhaomolonf
wpfMudrfomao ol&JabmaMumifaomolonf tMudrfrsm;pGm aoonfr[kwfygvm;/
vifusefeefu ol\wynfhrsm;tm; pum;ajymonf/
]]rif;wdkYtm;vHk;rwkefvIyfMuygeJY ... odyfracsmufcsm;MuygeJY .. 'Dvl,kwfrmawG[m wu,fawmh
rif;wkdYavmufowd& SdMuwm r[kwfygbl; ? olwdkYwpfawG[m aemufuG,fuaeyJ wdwfwqdwfvkyfMuH&JMuwm ...
rif;wkdYawGawGYMuw,fr[kwfv; .. .wkdYvifr,m;ESpfa,mufapmapmu tjyifxGufoGm;Muwm igwkdYbmjzpfovJ
... bmrSrjzpfbl; ... 'DacG;olckd;awGwkdYukdbmvkyf&JvdkYvJ}}
tm;vH k ; u vif u sef e ef \ pum;uk d o abmayguf a Mumif ; acgif ; nd w f j yMuon f / od k Y aomf
wpfa,mufrQtjyifodkYajcvSrf; rxGuf&JMu/
ntcsdefa&mufaomtcguif;apmifh&ef vifusefeefu pDpOfonf/ uif;orm;rsm;taejzifh udk,fpD
wm0ef,l&rnfh ae&mrsm;udk owfrSwfay;onf/
okdYaomf rnfolrQtjyifxGuf uif;rapmifh&JMuacs/ vifusefeefu ol\vufatmufi,fom;wynfhrsm;
okdYjiif;qefMuonfudk vHk;0tjypfrwifay/ olYudk,fcsif;pmw&m;&Sdonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif ....
]]ud k , f a ysmuf & ef o l [ m 'D a vmuf a Mumuf p &maumif ; aerS a wmh o l w d k Y vnf ; aMumuf r S a ygh a v ..
ol w d k Y x uf o d k i f ; ynm yd k a wmf y gw,f q d k w J h igwd k Y u awmif o l wd k Y u d k b ,f v d k r S tumtuG , f r ay;Ek d i f a wm
holwdkYaMumuwm tjypfrwifoifhygbl;av ..}
[kajymqkdaerdawmh\/
vifusefeefonf olwdkYtm;vkH;udk tm;ay;pum;ajymjyD; tdrfxJrSmyif aeapawmh\/
aemufwpfaeYeHeufwGif olwdkYXmeodkY[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ay;ydkYaeaom,morm;ESpfa,mufwkYdonf
txrf;udk,fpDjzifh a&mufvmMuonf/
xdk,morm;ESpfa,mufwkdYonf txrf;rsm;udk ay;oGif;jyD; &oifhaomaiGaMu;rsm;udk,ljyD;aomtcg
txrf;vGwfMuD;rsm;udkxrf;XmewGif;rS jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;Muawmhonf/
XmewGif;rSodkif;orm;rsm;onf xdk,morm;ESpfOD;xGufoGm;&modkYrrSdwfrokefvdkufvHMunfh&IYaerdMuonf/
xdkESpfa,mufonf aoG;rsOf;aMumif;udk jzwfausmfoGm;Muonf/ rnfodkYrQrjzpfMuacs/ xkdYaMumifh odkif;orm;rsm;\
pdwfxJwGif ...
]]'Dvlqdk;awGu igwkdYXmeu vlawGukdyJ &ef&SmaeMuwmudk; ... tjyifvlawGudkawmh bmrSrvkyfMubl;?
wkdYXmeu bmrsm;trSm;usL;vGefcJhrdvdkYygvdrfh}}
[kawG;aeMuonf/
xdt
k csed w
f iG ,
f morm;ESpaf ,mufwYdkonf trsm;oligoGm;onfv
h rf;ray:okYd a&muf&o
dS mG ;MujyD; tjcm;olrsm;ESihf
a&maESmvsufc&D;qufvsuf&SdaeMuayjyD/
xdkpOfvrf;ray:rSvlrsm;onf &kwfw&ufatmf[pfvdkufjyD; ab;odkY&SJoGm;Muawmh\/
tmrcHXmetwGi;f rS vlrsm;u &kw&f w
k o
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kd af omtcg [if;oD;[if;&Guf vmydYk aom
,morm;ESpfa,mufwkYd ajrjyifay:vJusaoqHk;aeaMumif; awGYvdkuf&awmh\/
25
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tjzpf u m; r*F v mtmrcH X meud k o&J w ap E S i f h r aumif ; qd k ; 0g;rsm;uyf a eaomae&mjzpf o nf [ k
ajymprSwfjyKoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifhomreft&yfom;rsm;onf r*FvmtmrcHXmeESifhqufqH&ef rqdkxm;ESifh XmeteD;odkYyif
uyfrvmMuawmhacs/
rGef;wnfhaeonf w&Sdef&Sdefylkjyif;vsuf&Sdaeonf/ xdktcsdefwGif jrif;cGmoHrsm;onf XmetwGif;rS
XmetjyifokdYajy;xGufoGm;oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
vifusefeefonfcsufcsif;yif taMumif;udk pHkprf;Munfhvdkufonf/ XmetwGif;rS odkif;q&mig;OD;wkdYonf
pdwfrxdef;EkdifawmhbJaoG;&l;aoG;wef;jzifh xGufajy;oGm;Mu\jcif;jzpfaMumif; od&awmhonf/
vif u sef e ef o nf ol \ OD ; acgif ; ud k ajz;nif f ; pG m cgrd a wmh o nf / ouf j yif ; wpf c suf & I d u f v d k u f j yD ;
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vHkjcHKatmifrapmifha&SmufEdkifrSawmh olwkdYig;a,mufxGufajy;oGm;wmudkightaeeJY b,fvdkrStjypfrwifEkdifygbl; ..
.rif;wdkYxJu oGm;csifwJhvlrsm;&Sd&ifvnf;oGm;Muyg igcGifhjyKygw,f ...}}
usef o d k i f ; orm;rsm;xJ r S wpf a ,muf r Q xG u f c G m roG m ;Muawmh a cs/ xG u f c G m oG m ;aom
odkif;orm;ig;a,muftm;vnf; tjypfwif&IHYcsMuonf/
naeapmif;onfhtcsdefwGifrl aeYcif;uxGufajy;oGm;Muaom jrif;ig;aumif jyefa&mufvmMu\/
jrif;wpfaumifay:wGif tavmif;wpfavmif;uspD ygvmMu\/
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aojcif;w&m;yifr[kwfygvm;? ol&JabmaMumifolrsm;[k tac:cH&rnfhtjyif aojcif;qkvmbf &&Sdrnfh tvkyfudk
vkyfudkif&ef XmetwGif;&Sdrnfonfhodkif;orm;rQ pdwfrul;Muawmhacs/
nOf h e uf a omtcgwG i f v if r d e f u suf r S m td y f a rmusae&mrS wpf p H k w pf a ,muf u rd r d \ ycH k ; ud k
wzsyfzsyfykwfEId;aeonfudkcHvdkuf&ojzifh vefYEkd;vmawmh\/ Ekd;vQifEkd;csif; "m;udk aumufudkifvdkufonf/
xdktcgusrS ol\rdcifjzpfol0rfzl;\toHudkMum;vdkuf&onf/
]]om;av; ... taryg}}
vifrdefusufonf ol\pdwfrsm;udk jyefvnfavQmhcsvdkufjyD; ...
]]tar ..bmjzpfvdkYvJ[if}}
]]rif;tazxGufoGm;wm awmfawmfMumaejyD .. tckxdjyefrvmao;bl; ... tarwdkYoGm;&SmMu&atmif}}
vifrdefusufonf xdwfvefYoGm;onf/
]]tazu b,fukdoGm;wmvJ .. tarhudk bmrSajymroGm;bl;vm;[if}}
]][ifhtif; .. tarhudkbmrSajymroGm;bl;}}
om;trdESpfa,mufwkdYonf vufeufudk,fpDudkifqJG tcef;xJrSwdwfwqdwfxGufcGmvmMuawmh\/
odkYaomfvifusefeef\t&dyfta,mifrQyifrawGYMuacs/
ol w d k Y &S m azG a eonf h t cef ; rsm;vnf ; uk e f v k e D ; yg;&S d a vjyD / xk d Y aMumif h om;trd E S p f a ,muf v H k ;
tawmfyifxdwfvefYwkef vIyfvmMuonf/ olwdkYESpfa,mufvHk;onf vHk;0toHrjyK&JMuacs/
taMumif ; rS m XmetwG i f ; rS vl r sm;onf u d k , f h t &d y f y if u d k , f xd w f v ef Y aeol r sm;jzpf & m
tu,folwdkYacgif;aqmifMuD;udk,fwkdifaysmufqHk;aeaMumif;odvdkufMu&vQif olwdkYtm;vHk; vdyfjym vGifhoGm;
Muayvdrfhrnf/
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toH u av;rsm;Mum;vd k u f & onf / twG i f ; buf r S v nf ; tvif ; a&mif tenf ; i,f jzmxG u f a eonf u d k
owdjyKvdkufrdMu\/
26
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
0rfzl;ESifhvifrdefusufwdkYonf ajczsm;axmufvsufxdktcef;qDodkYwkd;uyfoGm;Muonf/ vifrdefusuf
jywif;aygufpuLudkvufjzifh xdk;azmufvdkufjyD; twGif;odkYacsmif;Munfhvdkufonf/ MunfhjyD;vQifjyD;csif;
0rf;omtm;&avoHjzifh ...
]]tar .. taz'DxJrSm ...}}
olwdkYom;trdESpfa,mufvHk; tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifvdkufMuonf/ aemufbufrS toHMum;vdkuf&ojzifh
vifusefeefonf orifvnfjyefMunfhvdkuf\/ xkdodkYvSnfhMunfhvdkufaomrsufESm tvGefwkefvIyfacsmufcsm;aeaom
trlt&mrsm;udk awGYvkduf&ojzifh vifrdefusufonfyifrifoufawGa0oGm;awmh\/
0rfz;l rSmrl wHcg;aphaeojzifh tenf;i,faemufusaeonf/ tcef;tv,fwnfw
h nfw
h iG pf m;yJ&G n
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tavmif;\&if0rS 0rf;Adkuftxd"m;jzifhcJGcsxm;onfudk awGYMu&onf/ xdktavmif;rSm aeYv,fu
xGufajy;oGm;aom odkif;orm;ig;a,mufwnf;rS wpfa,mufjzpf\/
vif u sef e ef o nf ol w d k Y o m;trd E S p f a ,muf u d k M unf h & k H M unf h r d o nf / ol Y r suf p d w G i f jrif v d k u f o nf
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em;axmifvdkufaom tcg ..
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0rfzl;u ...
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vif u sef e ef o nf ol \ OD ; acgif ; ud k nd w f j yvd k u f o nf / vif r d e f u suf o nf ol \ zcif M uD ;
aysmufyHkqef;oGm;onfukd ,ckrSoabmaygufawmhonf/ olYzcifMuD;onf tcef;xJodkYvmjyD; vlaotavmif;udk
cJGpdwfppfaq;jyD; rdrdwdkY&efolrsm;\oJvGefpudk &SmazGaejcif;jzpfonfwum;/
twefMumaomtcg vifusefeefu ..
]]o&Jwapqdkwmudk tpuwnf;uigr,Hkbl; ... 'gaMumifh tavmif;ukdcJGMunfhwm .. . tckawmh
aocsmoGm;ygjyD}}
olonf tavmif;udk qDpdrfydwfESifh ywftcef;axmifhwGifyif ypfxm;vdkufawmhonf/ ol\vufrsm;udk
aocsmpGmaq;aMumjyD;aomtcg tdyfcef;rsm;bufodkYavQmufvmMuawmhonf/
vifusefeefu ...
]]&efol[m csif;csef*dkPf;uqdkwmaocsmjyD ... tckigwdkY bmvkyfoifhw,fqdkwmpOf;pm;Mu&atmif}}
vifrdefusufonf a'goxGufaeojzifh wkef,ifpGmajymvdkufonf/
]]taz 'Dudp[m uRefawmhfaMumifhjzpf&wmyg ... tazwkdYpdwfqif;&JraeMuygeJY ... eufjzefus&if
tdrfa&SYxGufjyD; 'DvlawGudk pdefac:vdkufr,f ... om;aooGm;jyDqdk&if olwdkYauseyfoGm;MurSmyg}}
vifusefeefu acgif;cg,rf;&Sif;jyonf/
]]r[kwfao;bl; ighom; .. 'Dvl&JYvuf0g;[m vlwpfa,muf&JESvHk;om;udk &SpfpdwfuGJatmif&kdufowfEkdifw,f
... 'gayr,fh om;wdkYtjrifyJ .. aowJhvl b,folYta&jym;ay:rSm 'Pf&muav;wpfckawGYMu&ovJ ...
'Dvl&JYokdif;ynm[m .. aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif jrifhaewm .. 'Dvlu om;udkowfcsifw,fqdk&if om;[m
q,fb0avmuf ajymif;aejyD .. 'DaeYtxd apmifhaerSmr[kwfbl;.... ighpdwfxifawmh 'DvlawGrSm&ufpuf,kwfrmwJh
tMuHtpnfwpfckawmh&Sd&r,f ... 'Dawmh igwkdYrdom;pkudk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY owfMurSmr[kwfbl; }}
]]olwdkYu uRefawmfwdkYtay:'Dxufbmrsm;&ufpufp&musefao;ovJazaz }}
]]aMumifu MuGufudk rpm;ao;cifrSmawmh aqmhupm;aewJhyHkpHrsdK;aygh ... tazwkdYpdwfaomu Asmyg'awG
cHpm;ae&wmudk tm;&atmifMunfhjyD;rS tazwkdYrdom;pkudk owfMurSm ...}}
vifrdefusufu a'gojzifh jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]olwdkYu uRefawmfwkdYtmrcHXmeudk 'Dvkdvkyfcsifwkdif;vkyfvkdY&r,fxifaeovm;[if}}
]]om;tckxufxd oabmraygufao;bl;vm; ... olwdkYu 'Dtwkdif;xifaeMuw,f ... .'gaMumifh
tckvdkvkyfwmaygh .. .om;rawGYbl;vm; .. .tazwkdYtmrcHXmeMuD;ysufaejyD}}
27
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]]taz .. .uRefawmfhtxifawmh 'DaumifawG[m tazh&JY bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;eJY rdk;[def;vuf0g;apmif;odkif;ukd
aMumufaeMuvdYk xyd w
f u
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f mvdYk xifw,f ... 'gaMumifrh Ykd acsmif;ajrmif;vkyMf uHaeMuwmaygh .. EkYd rYkd&if bmjzpfvYdk
tazeJY &ifrqdkif&J&rSmvJ}}
vifusefeefu acgif;cgonf/
]]om;rodbl; ... taz&JY vuf0g;okdif;u omrefvlqdk;"m;jyawGavmufyJ EkdifEdkifw,f ... ESvHk;&kduf
vuf0g;apmif;okdif;ukd rDzdkYuawmhrvG,fvSbl; ... bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh taz&JY vuf0g;apmif;odkif;eJY 'DESvHk;&kduf
vuf0g;apmif;odkif;u q,fqavmufuGmaew,f om; ... taz[m awmf&kHwef&kHodkif;uGufawGavmufawmh
tavQmhay; t&IH;ay;wwfwJhvlr[kwfbl;... 'gayr,fh 'DESHvHk;om;udk cJGxkwfppfaq;MunfhjyD;awmhrS ...}}
vifrdefusuftzdkY tjrJwrf; ZJGESifh[efESifh ravQmhwrf;vkyfwwfaom zcifvifusefudkomtNrJwrf;
jrifawGYcJhbl;onf/ ,ck ,cifESihfrwlbJ zcifMuD; tvGefpdwf"mwfusaeonfudk awGYjrif&aomtcgwGifrl
vifrdefusufonf rnfonfhpum;rQqufrajym&Jawmhacs/
]]&efolu 'Davmuf aMumufp&maumif;aewJh aemufawmh uRefrwdkYtrdkufcHjyD;b,f,SOfvdkYjzpfawmhrvJ ...
uRefrwkdYolwdkYudk a&Smifajy;&awmhrSmyJ}}
]]at; .. igvnf;'DvdkyJ pOf;pm;xm;w,f}}
]]uRefrwdkYnwGif;csif;xGufajy;Mur,f ... avm&efjrdKYudk ta&mufajy;Mur,f ... [dka&muf&if tazhudk
'DudpMuD;ajymjyvdkufr,f ... tckuRefrwdkYudk taMumif;rJhoufouf &uf&ufpufpufysufpD;atmifvkyfwm
b,folqdkwm odxm;jyDyJ 'D&efaMuG;udk qyf&zdkYq,fESpfapmifh&vJ apmifh&rSmyJ ... ta&;MuD;wmu 'D&efaMuG;udk
tajyqyfEkdifzdkYyJ}}
]]at; .. .'DtMuHaumif;w,f ... rif;tazrSm rdwaf qGawGaygrsm;w,f ... 'Dawmh olwYkdtaeeJY pkaygif;pOf;pm;jyD;
igwkdYudpudkajz&Sif;ay;rSmyJ .. uJ ... tckuwnf;u ypnf;awGxkyfydk;odrf;pnf;xm;MupdkY }}
wpfcsdefvHk;wdwfqdwfjidrfoufpGmem;axmifaeaomvifrdefusufu ...
]]taz .. uRefawmfwkdY'DvdkxGufoGm;vdkY roifhbl;eJYwlw,f .... uRefawmfwkdYomxGufoGm;&if tmrcHXmerSm
usefaewJhvlawG b,fvdkvkyfaeMu&awmhrSmvJ ... olwdkYrSmacgif;aqmifay;r,fhvlr&Sd&if olwdkYvnf;'kua&mufMurSm
.............}}
vifusefeefu ...
]]tJ ' D t wG u f p d w f r yl e J Y om; ... wu,f a wmh & ef o l e J Y ol w d k Y [m bm&ef j id K ;rS & d S w mr[k w f b l ; ...
&efolutazwkdYudkom ypfrSwfxm;wm ... tazwdkYr&Sd&if olwdkYtwGuf tE&m,fqdkwmvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;}}
vifrdefusufu pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
]]tif; .......... tazajymwm rSefvdrhfr,f ... 'DudpuighaMumifhpjzpf&wmyJ .. .igwdkYxGufoGm;&if
&efolawG[migwkdYaemufvdkufrSmyJ ... 'DXmexJuvlawGudk&ef&Smawmhr,f rxifbl;}}
olwdkYtm;vHk; xGufajy;Mu&mwGif ,laqmifoGm;onfhypnf;rsm;udkjyifqifxkyfydk;Muonf/
]]tud k M uD ; ... uRef r wk d Y jrif ; pD ; jyD ; a&S Y ayguf u yJ cyf w nf w nf x G u f o G m ;rS m vm; .. .'grS r [k w f
aemufaygufuaeyJ wdwfwdwfavm;xGufoGm;MurSmvm;}}
0rfzl;\ar;cGef;rSm ar;oifhar;xdkufaomar;cGef;yif/ vifrdefusufuvnf; olYtaz\ tajzudkodvdkojzifh
zcifjzpfol\ rsufESmudkvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ vifusefeefurl xdkifcHkwGifxdkifpOf;pm;aeonf/
twefMumpOf;pm;jyD;rS &kwfw&ufajymvdkufonf/
]]om; tckcsufcsif;oGm;jyD; XmetwGif;rSm&SdwJhvlawG tm;vHk;udkajymvdkufprf; ... reufjzefrdk;vif;wmeJY
tm;vH;k twlwx
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f kd tm;vH;k twGuf c&D;p&dwaf wGxw
k af y;zdYk ajymvdu
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vifrdefusufonf olYzcifMuD; nTefMum;csufudk][kwfuJh} [k0efcHjyD;aemuf xGufajy;MurnfhtpDtpOfudk
tb,faMumifh uJhodkYajymif;vJvdkuf&oenf;[kpOf;pm;rdonf/
28
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf0rfzl;u ...
]]tud k M uD ; .. .tm;vH k ; xG u f a jy;r,f q k d & if 'D X meMuD ; ud k b,f o l x d e f o d r f ; apmif h a &S m uf r vJ ...
xdef;odrf;r,fholr&Sd&if tm;vHk;ysufpD;ukefrSmaygh}}
]]xd e f ; od r f ; apmif h a &S m uf p &mrvd k a wmh b l ; ... 'D t d r f M uD ; ud k raumif ; qd k ; 0g;uyf a ewJ h td r f M uD ; vd k Y
tm;vHk;uowfrSwfxm;rSawmh b,folu apmifha&SmufzdkYvdkawmhrvJ? aemufwpfckuawmh rif;yJpOf;pm;MunfhygOD;
... igwdkYoHk;a,mufxGufoGm;jyD;wJhaemuf ... b,folu 'DtdrfMuD;xJrSmqufae&JOD;rSmvJ}}
vifrdefusufonf olYzcifMuD;rSmMum;xm;onfhpum;twkdif;XmetwGif;&Sdvl tm;vHk;udk ajymjyvdkufonf/
xdktcg XmewpfckvHk;tkwftkwfusufusufjzpfoGm;awmhonf/
vifusefeefu ..
]]uJ ... igwkdYvnf; vufatmufi,fom;awG&JY 0wfpHkudk ajymif;0wfvdkufMupdkY ... reufjzefrdk;vif;wmeJY
vl w pf & mausmf w pf j yd K if e uf xG u f a jy;Mu&if &ef o l u igwk d Y aemuf b ,f v d k v k y f v d k u f E k d i f a wmh r S m vJ ..
olwdkYodkif;ynmb,favmufawmfawmf tvGefqHk;&SdvSrS av;ig;a,mufaygh ... vlwpf&mvHk;aemufawmh
wpfjydKifeufrvdkufEdkifygbl;}}
0rfzl;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh vufckyfvuf0g;wD;umajymvdkufonf/
]]aumif;w,f .. tudkMuD;&J tMuHodyfaumif;w,f? uRefrwdkYaemuf&efolawGajc&mcHzdkYcufoGm;wmyJ ..
'grSajc&mcHEkdifw,fqdk&ifawmh 'D&efolawG[mwu,fhawmfwJholawGyJ}}
olronf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh i,fom;rsm;0wfqifonfht0wftpm;a[mif;oHk;xnfudkoGm;,lvdkufjyD;
0wf q if v d k uf M uonf / t0wf tpm;a[mif ;rsm;\teH t ouf rsm;rS m tvG ef q d k ;0g;vS o jzif h vif rd efusuf
0wfqif&efwGefYoGm;rdonf/
odkYaomftajctaewGif t&kd;rsm;oav; acs;cg;oav;jzifhZDZmaMumif rjzpfEkdifrSef;odojzifh
pdwfudkcsKyfwD;onf;cHum 0wfqifvdkufonf/
rd k ; vif u meD ; tarS m if r jy,f h w jy,f t csd e f w G i f vif u sef e ef u wH c g;ud k z G i f h c k d i f ; vk d u f o nf / ol \
vufatmufi,fom; tm;vHk;udk&Da0aMuuJGaomtMunfhjzif h Munfhum aemufqHk;trSmpum;ajymvdkufonf/
]]'DESpfrSm igh&JYuHedrfhvGef;vdkY raumif;qdk;0g;uyfjyD; igwdkY&JY vkyfazmfudkifzufawGtm;vHk; awmfawmfuav;
aoqHk;cJhMu&w,f ... 'Dawmh 'DvdkuHedrfhaeckdufrSm tm;vHk;'Dae&mu acwa&Smifwdrf;MurSoifhvdrfhr,f .. .rif;wdkYxJu
tmrcHXmerSmqufvkyfcsifwJholawGrsm;&Sd&if [efusL;jrdKYeJYckefcsif;jrdKYudkoGm;yg ... [kdrSmigwkdU&JYXmecJGawG&Sdw,f ....
'DXmecGJawGu rif;wdkYudk aumif;aumif;rGefrGefvufcHrSmyg .. uJ uJ oGm;MuzdkYtm;vHk;toifhjyifMuayawmh ...}}
vifusefeefonf tm;vHk;udk jrif;ay:odkYwufcdkif;vdkufonf/ tm;vHk;tqifoifhjzpfonfESifh wpfjydKifeufwHcg;rMuD;rS
xGufajy;apvdkufonf/ vifusefeef? 0rfzl;ESifh vifrdefusufwdkYonfvnf; olwdkY\vufatmufi,fom;rsm;ESifh
a&maESmum tjyifokdYxGufajy;Muawmh\/
vl a ygif ; wpf & mcef Y pk a ygif ; xG u f a jy;vmMujcif ; jzpf ,cif u avmuf raMumuf M uawmh a y/
owd& SdvmMuonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;ajrmufbufokdYOD;wnfajy;Muonf/
odkYwpfpkwpfjyHKvHk;xGufajy;Mujcif;onf r*FvmtmrcHXmeMuD;\tqHk;pGefaomusqHk;rIMuD;aywnf;/
vifusefeefonf olYZeD;ESifhom;udk vuf[efwpfcsufjyab;buf&Sdvrf;csdK;wpfckodkYcsdK;0ifvdk ufonf/
avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]olwdkYwpfawG ajrmufbufudkajy;Muyap ... igwkdYu 'Dem;rScPckdjyD; awmifbufudkoGm;Mur,f ...}}
]][if tud k M uD ; ... tpD t pOf u ajymif ; vd k u f w mvm;? uRef r wk d Y avmh & ef j rd K Yud k oG m ;Mur,f q d k
...b,fES,fhawmifbufjzpfoGm;&wmvJ}}
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&efolawGu igwkdYavmh&efjrdKYudk oGm;Mur,fqdk&if&efolawGigwkdYudk b,fvdkwm;EkdifawmhrSmvJ}}
vifrdefusufu
]]taz}}
]]bmvJ ... om; .. bmajymrvdkYvJ}}
29
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifusefeefu jyefajzvdkufonf/
vifrdefusufonf jidrfoufawGa0oGm;jyD; ajymrnfhpum;udkrajymawmhbJ &yfwefYypfvdkufonf/ 0rfzl;onf
om;jzpfol\oabmudkaemaMuaeatmifodoljzpf tm;ay;vdkufonf/
]]om;av; ... ajymav .. .om;bmajymcsifvJ}}
vifrdefusufu ....
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uRefawmfwkdY&JYvlawGudk b,favmuf&uf&ufpufpufowfcJhovJ ... olwdkYbufuaowm wpfa,muf&,f ...
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wkdufckdufvdkufzdkYaumif;w,f}}
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]]om; ... odyfravmeJY .. a'goa&Sxm;&ifrSm;r,f ... tarwkdYvnf; a'goxGufwmyJ ... 'gayr,hf a'goudk
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b,fvdkvkyfjyD;,SOfEkdifrSmvJ ... olao&ifvnf;aoEkdifw,f ... udk,fao&ifvnf;aoEkdifw,f ... 'dG[ajctaerdsK;rSm
taowk d u f & wm taMumif ; r[k w f b l ; ... tarwd k Y wk d u f & J y gw,f ... rwd k u f c if u wnf ; u
udk,faor,fqdkwmaocsmaygufodxm;wJh wkdufyJGrsdK;udk bmjzpfvdkYtrdkufcHjyD;wkdufrvJom;&,f ...}}
vifrdefusufonf i,f&G,foljzpfjyD; olYaMumifhjzpf&onf[kpdwfpJGaeojzifh ...
]]tar&,f ... uRefawmfawmfh aovdkufwmyJ aumif;w,fvdkYxifw,f}}
vifusefeefu rsufESmxm;wif;rmoGm;jyD; ...
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vlrsdK;wpfa,mufrSr&SdcJhzl;bl;? &SdcJh&ifvnf; 'DavmufMuD;us,fwJh r*FvmtmrcHXmeMuD;qkdwm &SdcJhawmhrSmr[kwfbl;}}
vifrdefusufonf olYzcifMuD;wu,fa'goxGufrSef;odvdkufojzifh qufrajym&JawmhbJ jidrfoufoGm;onf/
odkYjzifh rdom;pkoHk;OD;jrdKYawmifbufodkYc&D;qufESifMuawmh\/
jrdKYawmifbufrSjyefvnfauGYywfjyD; avmh&efjrdKYodkY OD;wnfvdkufMuonf/ c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; rnfonfh
twm;tqD;taESmuft,SufrQ rawGY&ojzifh tm;vHk;tenf;i,ftouf&SLacsmifvmMuonf/ aemufqHk;wGif
pm;aomufqdkifuav;wpfckudk awGYMu&ojzifh 0ifa&muftem;,l&efqHk;jzwfvdkufMuonf/
vifusefeefurl [l;ceJoufjyifcsvdkufjyD; avoHwkd;wdk;jzifhajymvdkufonf/
]]awmfygao;&JY .. .'Dwpfcgawmh igwdkY&efolawGudk rsufjcnfzsufEkdifcJhjyD}}
0rfzl;u ...
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yd k j yD ; a,muf s m;ryD o ao;w,f 'gaMumif h r d k Y i gh o m;av;&J Y p d w f u d k xd e f ; yg ... 'D & ef a MuG ; ud k wpf a eY a eY r S m
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uRefawmfhpdwfxJrSmawmh olwdkYwpfawG[mtazhudkaMumufaeMuw,fvkdYyJ xifaew,f .. uRefawmfwkdY&JYvlawGudkawmh
trsm;MuD;owfaew,f ... uRefawmfwdkYudkawmh bmjzpfvdkYvm&ifrqdkifwmvJ}}
vifusefeefu jyefajymvdkufonf ...
]]om; ... om;i,fao;awmh bmrSodao;wmr[kwfbl; ... uJ uJ ..oGm;tdyfacsawmh}}
30
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tydkif; (4)
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vifusefeefu cyfus,fus,fav; atmfac:vdkuf\/
]]qdkif&Sif .. .qdkif&Sif}}
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xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jidrfoufvuf&Sdaeonfudk oHk;OD;pvHk;owdjyKrdvkdufonf/
vifusefeefonf ol\tcef;wGif;rS xGufvdkufonfESifh tcef;v,fwGif vlwpfa,muf vJavsmif;aeaMumif;
awGhvdkuf&onf/
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xdkpm;yJGxkd;uav;\cEmudk,fukd vifusefeefudkifMunfhvdufrdaomtcg MuufaoaooGm;awmhonf/
pm;yJGxdk;uav;\wpfudk,fvHk;at;pufaejyD; toufr&Sd&Smawmhay/
aoyHkaoenf;rSmvnf; olwdkYXmeu vlrsm;aoqHk;cJhonfhyHkpHtwdkif;yif/
cEmudk,fjyifywGif'Pf&m'Pfcsuf[lvkH;0r&Sd/ ESvHk;&dkufvuf0g;apmif;\vufcsufyifjzpfonf/
vifusefeefrSmwjznf;jznf; wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;vmavonf/ ajy;p&mvnf;ajrr&dSawmhygvm;/
ol\vuf,mbuftcef;odkYavQmufoGm;Munfh&Ippfaq;vdkuf\/ xdktcef;onf qdkif&Sif\tcef;jzpfonf/
tcef;xJ&SdtdrfxufwGifqkdif&Sifvifr,m;ESifh olwdkY\om;i,fav;aoqHk;vsuf&SdaeMuayjyD/
vifusefeefonf xkdjrifuGif;udkjrifvdkuf&aomtcg ausmuf&kyfMuD;wpf&kyftvm; tcef;wHcg;0
ililMuD;ai;aMumif&yfMunfhaerdawmh\/ ol\aemufausmwGifrl 0rfzl;\toHudkMum;vdkuf&onf/
]][m ... {nfhonfawGtm;vHk;aoaeMuygvm;}}
xdktoHaMumifh vifusefeeftouf0ifoGm;jyD; aemufodkYvSnhfMunfhvkduf\/ ab;wpfbufwpfcsuf&Sd
{nfhonfrsm; wnf;ckdonfhtdyfcef;tcsdKYrSmrl yGifh[vsuf&Sdaeonf/ xdktcef;rsm;&Sd tdyf&mckwifrsm;wGif
{nf h o nf r smtaoqH k ; touf a ysmuf v suf & S d a eMuayonf / pm;aomuf q d k i f w G i f wpf q d k i f v H k ; wG i f
ouf&Sdow0g[lrdrdwdkYoHk;a,mufom&Sdawmh\/
31
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
olYZeD;ESifh om;\rsufESmudkMunfhvdkufaomtcg jzLavsmfvsuf&SdaeonfudkawGYvdkuf&onf/
ol w d k Y ES p f a ,muf p vH k ; pd w f a t;wif ; xm;Mu[ef & S d a omf v nf ; &ef o l \ ajcvS r f ; MuJ a eyH k r sm;ud k
rsufjrifjzpfae&ojzifh rjidrf;rcsrf;aomucHpm;ae&ykHvnf;&Sdaeonf/
vifusefeefonf tHwpfcsufMudwfvdkufjyD; ..
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wHkYceJ&yfqkdif;oGm;Muawmhonf/
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rawGYMuHKcJh&ojzif &eolwdkYudkajc&mjzwfEkdifcJhjyD[kxifjyD; pdwfoufom&m&cJhMuonf/
,ckrlolwdkY\pdwfxifvHk;0rSm;oGm;jyDjzpfaMumif;odcJ h&onf/ &efolonf olwdkYtm; tvSrf;uGmuGmrS
apmifhMunfhaeonfr[kwf/ olwdkYESifh xufMuyfruGmvdkufaeaMumif;odcJh&jyD/
ok d Y aomf v if u sef e ef [ l o nf h v l r S m omref v l w pf a ,muf r S r[k w f b J ? r*F v mtmrcH X meMuD ; ud k
MuD;us,fonfxufMuD;us,fatmifprD t
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xd k q d k i f r S x G u f c G m rd k i f E S p f q ,f a usmf c ef Y avQmuf v mMujyD ; aomtcg awmif u k e f ; wpf c k a y:od k Y
a&mluf&Sdvmawmh\/
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xdkawmvrf;\ab;wpfbufwGifpm;aomufqdkifuav;wpfckudk awGYvdkuf&ojzifh qmavmifaeonfh0rf;rsm;udk
jznfh&ef qkdiftwGif;odkY 0ifvkdufMuonf/
qdkif&Sifu ysmysmovJyif xrif;rsm; vmcsay;onf/ vifrdefusufonf xrif;yef;uefwpfvHk;udk
aumufudkifvdkufonf/
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&k w f w &uf o wd & vd k u f r d a omtcg pd w f r aumif ; jcif ; MuD ; pG m jzpf o G m ;jyD ; ol u d k i f x m;onf h yef ; uef v H k ; ud k
jyefcsxm;vdkufonf/ EIwfrSvnf; ...
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xdkYaMumifh wD;wdk;a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]tif; ... igwkdYoHk;a,mufvHk;aovlawGcsnf;ygyJ ... &efolawGudk igwkdYu rwkdufckdufEkdifbl; ... olwdkYu
udk,faysmuf&efolawGjzpfaewmudk; ... wpfqkdifvHk;rSm&SdwJh vlawGukdowfoGm;wmawmifvHk;0rodvkdufMu&bl; ...
'Dawmh 'DavmuftpGrf;xufaewJh vlqdk;awGeJYb,fvdkjydKifEkdifawmhrSmvJ}}
vifusefeefuvnf; oufjyif;cs&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f .. csif;csef*dkPf;&JY ESvHk;&kdufvuf0g;apmif;okdif;u &kdufvdkufwJhtcgrSm avoHvHk;0rxGufbl;
... 'Dvuf0g;apmif;eJY&kdufvdkufjyDqkd&if t&kdufcH&wJholudk,fwkdiftoHrjyKEdkifbJ toufxGufoGm;&wmcsnf;yJ ..
wu,fhukd &ufpufjyD; wu,fhudkaMumufp&maumif;wJh odkif;uGufyJ .. olwdkY&ufpufyHkudkawmhrif;wkdYtjrifyJ ..
tjypfr&SdwJh t&yfolt&yfom;awGudkawmif w&Murf;owfoGm;wm ...}}
vifrdefusufu tHMudwf&if;ar;vdkufonf/
]]'Dokdif;ynmudkavhusifhr,fqdk&if b,fESpfESpfavmufMumrvJtaz}}
]]ighpdwfxifawmh tESpfESpfq,fausmfoHk;q,favmufawmhtenf;qHk;Mumatmif oif&vdrfhr,fxifw,f}}
vifrdefusufonf wpfpHkwpfckudkawG;rd[efjzifh pm;yJGckHudkvuf0g;jzihf jAef;ceJ&kdufvkdufjyD; EIwfrSvnf;
ajymvdkufonf/
32
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]][dkt&ufqdkifutbkd;MuD;yJ jzpfvdrfhr,f? ... uRefawmf? uRefawmfu olY&JYajr;rav;&JYt&Sufudkvnf;
umuG,fay;&ao;w,f? ol ... olwkdYu &uf&ufpufpuf}}
vifusefeefrSmrl xrif;udkqufpm;ae&mrS ...
]]at; .. igvnf;tJ'DvludkxifwmyJ .. igwkdYXmeuvlawGudkowfwmuawmholwdkYrSmtaMumif;wpfck
ck&SdvdkYtjidK;eJYowfw,fvdkYyJxm;vkdufygawmh ... [dk .. wnf;ckdcef;u vlawGudkaum bmjzpfvdkYowf&wmvJ ..
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tJh'DtcsufudkigpOf;pm;vdkYr&bl; ...}}
0rfzl;u ..
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&ufpuf,kwfrmrIawGvkyf&Jw,fqdkawmh wu,fhudktHhMop&myJ .. 'Dtcsufu bmudkjyovJqdk&if 'Dcsif;csef*dkPf;[m
uRef r wd k Y r *F v mtmrcH X meud k o m &ef j yKwmr[k w f b l ; ... od k i f ; avmu&J Y p nf ; urf ; awG u d k azmuf z suf j yD ;
odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;udk &efrlwJhoabmrdsK;yJ}}
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vifusefeefuvnf; 0rfzl;\t,ltqukd vufcHaMumif; acgif;ndwfjyonf/
]]aumif;w,f .. olwdkYu 'Dvkd,kwfrm&kdif;pkdif;av olwdkYudkodkif;avmu urkef;wD;avyJ .waeYus&if
olwdkYxdkufeJY olwdkYcH&rSmyJ ..raumif;rlqdkwmb,fawmhrS a[mif;oGm;w,fr&Sdbl; .. raumif;rIjyKwJhvlqDudk
wpfywfvnfjyD;jyefa&mufwwfwmrsdK;yJ .. tJ'DtcgusrSausmaumhjYyDcHayawmh ...uJ ? om;av; .. 'gawGpOf;pm;raeeJY
xrif;om0atmifpm;xm; .. vlqdkwm tm[m&jynfhaerS MuHEkdifzefEkdifwm}}
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&ifjynfhcsifp&mjzpfaewmudk;}}
vifusefeefonf om;jzpfoludkxrif;pm;&eftwif;rwkdufwGef;bJ avoHukd jrifhqkdifaemufbufodkY
vSrf;atmfvkdufonf/
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qkdif&Sif\xl;oHrMum;&/
vifusefeef\rsufESmrSm &kwfw&ufysufoGm;onf/ onfvdktjzpfrdsK;onf [kdwpfqkdifwkef;uvnf;
jzpfcJhzl;onf r[kwfygvm;/ xdkpOf0rfzl;u atmfac:vdkufonf/
]]qkdif&SifMuD; .. qkdif&SifMuD; .. xrif;zdk;awGvm,lyg... uRefrwkdYoGm;Muawmhr,f}}
,ckwpfMudrfvnf; rnfonfhwHkYjyefrIrSr&/
0rfzl;onf qwfceJrwfwyf&yfvkdufjyD; "m;udkqJGxkwfvdkufonf/ wpfqdkifvHk;rnfonfhtoHAvHrQrMum;&bJ
jidrfoufaejcif;onf taumif;jidrfoufaejcif;r[kwfaMumif;0rfzl;odonf/ olronf qdkiftaemufbufokdY
ajy;0ifoGm;onf/
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qkdif&SifESifh olYrdef;rwkdYESpfavmif;jydKifaoqHk;vsuf towfcHoGm;&acsjyD/ xdkvifr,m;ESpfOD;wGif
rnfonfhtjypfrsm; &Sdoenf; /tjypf&Sdonfr&Sdonfudk *&krpdkufaomvl&rf;um;vl,kwfrmrsm;u vifusefeefudk
aMumuf&GYHxdwfvefYatmifowfjzwfjyvsuf&SdaeacsjyD/
vif u sef e ef o nf tavmif ; rsm;\cE m ud k , f r sm;uk d prf ; oyf v d k u f o nf / ; aEG ; aeao;\/
,ckvwfwavmtowfcHxm;&rSef;odomonf/
vifusefeefwkdYom;trdom;tzoHk;a,mufpvHk; qkdif\taetxm;ukd vSnhfywfMunfh&Ippfaq;Muonf/
qdkifrSm awmifeH&Hudkausmay;jyD; a&SYbufwGif0g;awmMuD;wpfawmom&Sdonf/
vifusefeefu "m;udkqkyfukdifumwnfjidrfaomavoHjzifhajymvdkuf onf/
]]csif;csef*dkPf;u rdwfaqGwkdY? usKyfwkdYeJYawGYzdkYtaMumif;&Sdw,fqdk&ifxGufcJhyg/ usKyfwdkYu cifAsm;wdkYeJY
awGYzdkYtqifoifhygyJ ...}}
33
wuodkvfaevif;atmif
okdYaomf rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&/ &efolonf rdrdwdkY teD;0ef;usif wGifom&SdaMumif; oHk;OD;pvHk;\

pdwfxJwGif tvdkvdkodaeMuonf/
ae&monf awmvrf;jzpf vloGm;vlvm jywfonf/ xdkYaMumifh &efolYtaejzifh vdkae&mrsdK;
vma&muf awGYqHkrnfqdkvQifvnf; awGYqHkEkdifonf/
csufcsif;vkdyif vifrdefusuf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&\/
vifusefeefESifh0rfzl;wdkY uysmu,m ckefxu
G fum Munfhvdkuf&m vifrdefusufum; ajrjyifay:wGif
vJusaeavjyD/ olwkdY 2 a,mufu csufcsif; ckefxGuv
f kdufum cspfvSpGmaom om;uav;a&SUwGif rm;rm;
rwfrwf &yfaevkdufMuonf/ xdkYjyif olwkdYa&SU&Sd &efoludkvnf; aocsmpGm MunfhI tuJcwfvkdufonf/
xdkolrSm tuFsDpdrf;0wfxm;jyD; cg;wGif "m;wpfacsmif;csdwfqJGxm;onf/ toufrSm MuD;vGef;vSonf
r[kwf/ 25 ESpfcefYrQom &Sdayvdrfhrnf/ ol\rsufESmwGif txiftjrifao;jcif;? oa&mfvdkjcif;ESifh apmfum;vdk
jcif; trlt&mrsm; aygif;pyfum emMunfhcHjyif;zG,f&m awGU&Sdvdkuf&onf/
vifusefeefu wnfjidrfaom avoHjzifh ...
]]cifAsm;eHrnf b,fvdk ac:ygovJ? csif;csef*dkPf;uvm; .. odyg&ap}}
[k ar;vdkufonf/
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r[kwfvm; ... at; ... cifAsm;ar;wJh twkdi;f yJ .. usKyf[m csif;csef*dkPf;uyJ ...}}
[k jyefajymavonf/
vifusefeefurl ...
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ay;ydkYcJhw,f/ *dkPf;acgif;aqmifuawmif usKyfwkdYqDudk wynfhav;a,mufvTwfjyD; awGYqHkr,fvdkY taMumif;
Mum;vdkufao;w,f/ 'Davmuf qufqHa&; ajyjypfaevsufeJY bmjzpfvkdY cifAsm;wkdYu &uf&ufpufpuf
qufqHae&wmvJ}}
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usKyfvnf;ygw,f}}
vifusefeefu ...
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]][kwfw,f ...usKyfeHrnfu &DvifwJh}}
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34
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35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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rmefoGif;oHwpfcsufatmf[pfvdkufjyD; rdef;uav;udkckeftkyfawmhonf/ &kd;&dk;ckeftkyfvdkufonfr[kwf/ vufESpfzufjzifh
rdef;uav;\ &ifom;rsm;udk qJGukyfckeftkyfvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ tuGufum; tvGefw&m edrfhus,kwfnhHaom
tuG u f j zpf o nf / rd e f ; uav;wpf a ,muf E S i f h wk d u f c k d u f & mwG i f tuG u f r sd K ;vH k ; 0roH k ; oif h a cs/ rsm;pG m
atmufwef;usvSaom wkdufuGufjzpfonf/
usm;avmif o nf od k i f ; avmuwG i f t"d u &emrnf & S d a eonf h od k i f ; *d k P f ; MuD ; wpf c k \
wynfhwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifhokdYedrfhusvSaom odkif;uGufrsm;ukd ydkroHk;oifhay/
,ck olYtaejzifh xkdkodkYwkdufckdufjcif;rSm olYtaejzifh odkif;ynmrawmfonfhtjyif rdef;uav;tm;
apmfum;armfum;vkyfcsifaompdwf&Sd odkYwkdufckdufvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
rdef;uav;\rsufESmonf &kwfw&ufwif;rmcufxefoGm;onf/ odkYaomfvIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;awmhodyfr[kwfacs/
usm;avmifckeftkyfpOfab;okdYom tenf;i,fapmif;ay;vdkufonf/
xdkYaMumifhusm;avmifonft&SdefvGefum a&SYodkYausmfoGm;awmhonf/
xkdtcdkuftwefYtwGif;rdef;uav;onf usm;avmif\ausmjyifMuD;udkvufwpfzufjzifh cyfqwfqwfuav;
&kdufwGef;vdkuf&m olYt&SdefESifhaygif;pyfjyD; ajrMuD;ay:odkYarSmuf&uf[yfxkd;usoGm;awmh\/
onfrSmvnf; ,if;udk,fwkdif odkif;ynmukd xufxufjrufjruf wwfajrmufrxm;jzpfonf/
tu,faMumifusD;omwwfvQif uJhokdYr&IrvS[yfxdk;vJusrnfr[kwfacs/
42
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
obm0w&m;MuD;\ tjypf'PfcwfyHkonf vGefpGmowdoHa0* &p&maumif;vSonf/ rsm;rMumao;rD
tawmtwG i f ; u usm;avmif o nf vif r d e f u suf \ ajcaxmuf M um;od k Y a jcxd k ; cH v d k u f o jzif h vif r d e f u suf
r&I r vS [ yf x d k ; usoG m ;cJ h & onf / xd k p Of u jyKrl c J h o nf h tjypf u d k a eYrul ; ao;rD ,ck a vmavmvwf v wf
jyefvnfcHpm;vdkuf&ayjyD/
jyKoltopfjzpfolta[mif;omwnf;/
,ck u sm;avmif a rS m uf & uf u sjcif ; onf vif r d e f u suf x uf y if t jzpf q k d ; onf / ajrMuD ; ay:ok d Y
rsufESmjyif&kdufrdvkdufojzifh rsufESmrSmpkwfjywfyGef;yJhoGm;um oGm;ckESpfacsmif;vnf;usdK;oGm;onf/
txdemoGm;aom usm;avmifonf tm;wif;um vl;vJxvku
d o
f nf/ olYtw
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f rJ "S m;ajrmifudk qJx
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ckeftkyfvdkufjyefonf/
rd e f ; uav;onf apmapmuyH k p H t wd k i f ; yif yH k y suf y ef ; ysuf a &S m if w d r f ; jcif ; rjyK? vG w f & k H u av;om
a&S m if w d r f ; onf / &ef o l \ tm;ES i f h & ef o l Y t m;jyef v nf w k d u f c k d u f a om od k i f ; ynmud k t oH k ; jyKvk d u f j yef o nf /
onf w pf M ud r f w G i f a wmh qk d i f \ ab;buf & S d a &uef u av;xJ o d k Y wG e f ; yd k Y vk d u f o nf / usm;avmif o nf
"m;ajrmifvGwfusoGm;jyD; a&xJodkYajcum;,m;vufum;,m;usoGm;awmhonf/
rdef;uav;url &efolwpfa,mufESifhwkdufckdufae&onf[k,lqxm;yHkray:/ at;at;aq;aq;jzifh
usm;avmifvGwfusoGm;onfhy"m;ajrmifudkaumuf,lum Munfhaeonf/
usm;avmif o nf a&uef x J o d k Y u soG m ;onf h t cg rd e f ; uav;tm; atmf q J & ef [ ef j yif v d k u f o nf /
od k Y a omf o l a tmf r qJ E d k i f a wmh a y/ tb,f h a Mumif h q d k a omf a jrmif ; xJ r S yk y f a [mif a eaomteH Y t ouf r sm;ud k
&SL&IdufrdaomaMumifhaywnf;/
id k t m;xuf & ,f t m;oef q k d o uJ h o k d Y y if usm;avmif u soG m ;onf h a &uef o nf & d k ; &k d ; a&uef r [k w f b J
[if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;udkyufzsef;pkaqmif;xm;onfh usifMuD;usifi,fa&rsm;jzpfaeonf/
usm;avmiftzdYk wpfoufwmvH;k rarhaysmuf trSww
f & jzpfaeawmhrnfh r&IrvSued ;f qdu
k o
f mG ;jcif;aywnf;/
y&dwfowfxkMuD;om &Sdaernfqdkygu xkdtjzpfonf tvGef&,fp&maumif;aom tjzpfMuD;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
zef;vifESifh &DvifwkdYESpfa,mufurlat;aq;pGmMunfhaeMuonf/ usm;avmifr&IrvSjzpfaeonfudk
vHk;00ifa&mufu,fwifjcif;rjyKMuay/
rdef;uav;u "m;ajrmifukd aumuf,lvdkufonfhtcgrSomzef;vifu at;aq;pGmajymvkdufonf/
]]0gqef ; *d k P f ; eJ Y usKyf w k d Y csif ; csef * d k P f ; [m bm&ef j id K ;rS r &S d c J h y gbl ; ... *d k P f ; acgif ; aqmif M uD ;
ESpfa,mufvHk;[mvnf; aumif;aumif;MuD;oduRrf;&if;ESD;Muygw,f ... rdef;uav;u usKyfwkdYudk ajrGqdyft&ufeJY
aoG;teft&ufudkvmaomufckdif;wmawmh awmfawmhudkvGefw,fxifw,f}}
rdef;uav;onf rsufarSmifav;wpfcsufMuKwfoGm;\/ &kwfw&uf&,f&if;ar;vdkufonf/
]]tif; ... &Sifhrsufpdutawmfvsifom;yJ ... uRefru 0gqef;*dkPf;uqdkwm b,fhES,fodvdkufovJ ...
uRefrawmf thHMooGm;w,f ... vif;prf;ygOD;}}
zef;vifu .....
]]rde;f uav; apmapmwke;f u oH;k vku
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]a&epfavSwGef} qdkwJhodkif;uGufyJ ... b,fhES,fvJ usKyfajymwmrSef&JYvm; .. aemufjyD;rdef;uav;oHk;vdkufwJh
twGi;f tm;u aysmhaysmif;oa,mifeYJ rmausmw,f ... 'gu 0gqef;*dP
k ;f acgif;aqmifMuD;&JYoikd ;f ynmyJ ..'Davmufawmh
usKyfwkdYrSm ynmrsufpd&Sdygao;w,f}
[kajymvkdufonf/
rdef;uav;u ...
]]&SifwkdYcsif;csef*dkPf;uvlawGqdkwmuRefrodygw,f? uJ .... &SifwkdYvnf; &SifwdkYvrf;&SifwdkYoGm;Muygawmh}}
zef;vifu ...
]]0gqef;*dkPf;u 0ifwm;w,fqdkawmh ...usKyfwkdYtaeeJY rsufESmaxmuf&awmhrSmaygh ... 'gayr,fh ...
rdef;uav;&JYeHrnfukdawmh usKyfwkdYukdajymcJhapcsifw,f ... 'grSusKyfwkdYq&muar;jref;wJhtcgrSm usKyfwkdYtaeeJYt
jynhftpHk ajymjyEkdifawmhrSmaygh}}
43
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdktcgrdef;uav;onf cdk;ckd;cpfcpf&,farmawmhonf/
]]aMomf ..aMomf .. uRefreHrnfudkodcsifowJhvm; ... &SifwkdY&JYq&mudkajymvdkufyg .. .0gqef;*dkPf;u
&kyfqdk;rav;qdk&ifodygvdrfhr,f? uRefravmuf&kyfqdk;wJhrdef;uav;rdsK;uawmh? 'DavmuMuD;rSm&SdygOD;rvm;}}
xdktcg usm;avmifonf npfnrf;aoma&uefrS jyefwufvmacsjyD/ atmhtef&if;qJqdkaeaomfvnf;
ol \ oG m ;tawmf r sm;rsm;usd K ;ausuk e f j yD j zpf yD o atmif r qJ q d k E k d i f a wmh b J w0l ; 0l ; w0g;0g;jzif h
&,fp&maumif;aeawmhonf/
t&ufa&mif;aomrdef;uav;onf qdkifcef;wGif;okdYjznf;nif;pGmvrf;avQmuf0ifvmjyD; ...
]]uRefruvnf; 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY csif;csef*dkPf;qufqHa&;aumif;w,fqdkwmodygw,f ... &SifwkdY*dkPf;u
a&Smif&DqdkwJhvl&Iyfvlaemufu rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk aemufajymifapmfum;vdkYwjcm;olwpfa,mufu
tjrifrawmfwmeJY0ifajymw,f? aemuf&efjzpfMuw,f ... aemufawmhvufvGefjyD; a&Smif&DaooGm;w,f ....
tjzpfuawmh'gygyJ ... 'Dvjkd zpfomG ;wJt
h wGuf tifrwefrcS sD;usL;*kP,
f pl &maumif;w,f .... &Siw
f Ydk *P
kd ;f twGuu
f awmh
odyu
f akd umif;oGm;w,f? &Siw
f Ydkcsi;f cse;f *dP
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kd ;f MuD;wpf*P
kd ;f yJ ? 'Davmufatmufwef;uswhJ
*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufaMumifh *dkPf;MuD;&JYodumusoGm;w,fqdk&if &SifwdkYtzdkYb,favmuf&Sufp&maumif;ovJ}}
[k&Sif;jyonf/
rde;f uav;onfzef;vifEiS &hf v
D ifwYdkut
kd uJcwfvu
dk o
f nf /ESpaf ,mufpvH;k jidro
f ufpmG em;axmifaeMuaMumif;
awGY&Sd&aomtcg olr\pum;ukdtqHk;owfvdkufonf/
]]tck ...&SifwdkY*dkPf;&JYt&SufudkcJGwJh*dkPf;om;ukd tjcm;vlwpfa,mufu owfvdkufjyD .... uJ .... &SifwdkYtwGuf
twkdif;xuftvGefaumif;oGm;jyDr[kwfvm;}}
rdef;uav;onf &kyfqdk;vSaomfvnf; pum;ajym&mwGif tvGefcsdKomjyD; qdka&;qdkqpfukd odojzifh
olr\pum;rsm;onf xda&mufvSayonf/
odkY&mwGif uJhodkYtrSefw&m;pum;rsdK;onf zef;vifwkdYtzdkY olwdkY\em;wGif;okdYtyfaygif;wpfaxmifESifh
xdk;pdkufouJhodkYemomcHcufjzpfae&awmhonf/
xdkpOf ... usm;avmifuatmf ....
]]tudkMuD;zef;vif ...nDav;a&Smif&DuolYaMumifhaooGm;wmyJ}}
zef ; vif E S i f h & D v if w k d Y onf
usm;avmif \ pum;ud k e m;rvnf M uay/
ol w d k Y onf
a&S m if & D \ tusif h u d k a umif ; pG m od o nf / rd e f ; uav;wpf a ,muf t wG u f a &S m if & D a ooG m ;&onf [ k
owif ; Mum;vd k u f & aomtcg xk d r d e f ; uav;onf tvG e f w &macsmarmvS y vd r f h r nf [ k r S w f x if c J h M uonf /
,ckawGY&onfhrdef;uav;um; t&kyfqdk;tusnf;wefvSwum;/ rdef;uav;aMumifh a&Smif&DaoqHk;&onf[k
odvdkufMu&aomtcg tvGefw&mtHhMooGm;Muawmh\/
usm;avmifu ...
]][kwfw,f ... olyJ ... 'Dtusnf;wefraMumifhyJ ...nDav;a&Smif&Du ol&kyfqdk;vGef;vdkY aemufajymifrdwmeJY
[dk .. acG;rom;eJY&efjzpfawmhwmyJ}}
zef;vifonf acgif;wqwfqwfndwfum em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;[efjzifh ...
]]aMomf ...'Dvdkvm;}}
olonf ,kwfrmaumufuspfouJhodkY pum;ajymvnf; usifvnfvSoljzpfonf/ olurdef;uav;udk
taotcsmtuJcwfMunfhvkdufaomtcg rdef;uav;\udk,fvHk;udk,fayguf? trdkY?tarmuf? tcsdKifht0Srf;rsm;rSm
tvGefajyjypfvSyvGef;onfudk awGYjrif&onf/ &kyf&nfwpfckwnf;om qkd;0g;aejcif;jzpfonf/
olu ...
]]olrsm;u rdef;uav;twGuf tjrifrawmfvdkY0ifpGufw,f ...rdef;uav;uvnf; ...'Daus;Zl;udk
wHkYjyefwJhtaeeJY jyefpGufay;wJh oabmaygh [kwfvm;}}
usm;avmif o nf qd k i f t jyif w G i f & yf a eaomf v nf ; ol Y wpf u d k , f v H k ; rS yk y f a [mif a eoaom
raumif;onft
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k u
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44
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]][dk .. .vifrdefusufqdkwJh acG;rom;av;u &kyfacsmawmh 'Daumifru oabmusoGm;rSmaygh ... 'gaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkYaemufudk wpfvrf;vHk;vdkufvmwmjzpfrSmaygh ... tudkMuD;bmai;aewmvJ ... 'Daumifrudk zrf;jyD;
qHk;rvdkufprf;yg}}
rd e f ; uav;onf vuf x J r S " m;ajrmif u d k q Munf h v d k u f o nf / "m;ajrmif o nf vif r d e f u suf u
a&Smif&Dtm;xdk;owfaom "m;ajrmifyifjzpfonf/ "m;ajrmifay:wGifvifrdefusuf\eHrnfudka&;xkd;xm;onf/
olru zef;vifESifh&DvifwdkYudkMunfhum ...
]]csif;csef*dkPf;qdkwmodkif;avmurSm MuD;MuD;rm;rm; *kPfodumeJY&yfwnfaewJh*dkPf;MuD;wpfckyJ .. b,fES,fh
'Davmuf atmufwef;us,kwfnHhvSwJh*dkPf;om;udk vufcHxm;&wmvJ? 'D*dkPf;om;[modkif;orm;rjzpfxdkufbl; ..
Murf;ydk;awavyJjzpfxdkufw,f}}
[kajymvdkufawmhonf/
olronf pum;ajym&if;rS ol\vufudkvTJ,rf;um "m;ajrmifjzifh usm;avmiftm;ypf[efjyKvkdufonf/
usm;avmifonf cJreS zf ;l aompmoli,fuo
hJ Ydk tMudrMf udrcf x
H m;&jyDjzpf rde;f uav;vuf,rf;onfujdk rifvu
kd o
f nfEiS hf
aMumufvefYwMum;ab;odkYcefxGufvkdufawmh\/
okdYaomfrdef;uav;u wu,frypfacs/ [efjyvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/
olru ...
]]'DvdkMurf;ydk;awavawGudk tapmMuD;uwnf;u owfypfxm;&if csif;csef*dkPf;oefY&Sif;oGm;wmaygh ...
tckqufxm;ae&if&SifwkdY*dkPf;MuD;odumqufusaerSm ...'DvdkvlrsdK;udk &SifwkdY&JY*dkPf;wlnDav;vdkYac:csifao;vm;}}
zef ; vif E S i f h & D v if w d k Y onf usm;avmif t wG u f t &S u f & aeMuonf r S m trS e f y if j zpf a wmh o nf /
,cifh,cifuwnf;u olwdkYESpfa,mufonf vlpGrf;aumif;xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm;ES,f owfrSwfxm;Muonf/
usm;avmifvdktppt&m&m nHhzsif;olrsm;ESifh vHk;0ryufowfcsif/ *dkPf;wlnDtudkrawmfcsif/ odkYaomfrnfodkYrQ
rwwfEkdifojzifh nDtudkrawmfcsifbJ awmfae&awmhonf /
rdef;uav;u &,farmum ...
]]&SifwkdYESpfa,muf pdwfxJrSm 'Dvkdatmufwef;uswJh*dkPf;wlnDrsdK;r&Sdwmaumif;w,fvdkY awG;Muw,f
r[kwfvm; ... aumif;jyD ... uRefru&SifwkdYtwGuf ulnDvdkufyghr,f ... &SifwkdYvnf; tjypfrjzpfatmifaygh ...
'DawavMurf;ydk;udk uRefrwdkYudk,fwdkif&Sif;ypfvkdufyghr,f}}
olronfpum;qHk;aomtcg usm;avmif&Sd&modkY avQmufoGm;awmhonf/ usm;avmifu aMumufvefYwMum;
atmf[pfawmh\/
]]cif ... cifAsm; ... usKyf .. usKyfudk bmvkyfrvdkYvJ ? ruyfeJY ... usKyfem;ruyfeJY ...tudkMuD; 'Drdef;uav;
usKyfudkowfawmhr,fAs ... vkyfMuygOD; ... 'Dtwkdif;MunfhaeMuawmhrSmvm;}}
usm;avmifonf zef;vifESifh &DvifwkdYtm; tm;udkwMuD;ESifhtultnDawmif;aeawmhonf/ odkYaomf
xdkESpfa,mufvHk;\rsufESmrsm;wGifolYudk u,fwifrnfht&dyfta,mifvHk;0rawGY&bJ at;pufrmaMumaom
tMunfhjzifhom pdrf;um;pGm MunfhaeMuaMumif; awGYvkduf&onf/
xdkYaMumifh usm;avmifonf &yfrae&JawmhbJ aemufbufokdYwcsdK;wnf; vSnfhajy;oGm;awmhonf/
45
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tcef; (5)
tqdyft&uf
rdef;uav;onf cdk;cdk;cpfcpfESifh &,farmaeawmh\/ tm;&atmif &,fNyD;rS .....
]]tif; .... olxGufajy;oGm;wmyJ aumif;ygw,f ... EdkYrdkY&if uGsefrvufeJY owfae&OD;r,f ... uJ .... uJ ....
tck&SifwdkYESpfa,mufyJ &SdawmhwmyJ ... pdwfat;vufat; t&ufaomufMuygOD; ...}}
[kajymawmh\/
olru azmfa&TpGmajymNyD; t&ufcGufudk a&SUodkY wdk;ay;um aomufcdkif;aeonf/ zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkYrSm
wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhNyD; OD;aESmufajcmufaeMuonf/ tusnf;wefronf pdwf&if;aumif;ESifhawmh
olwdkYtm; t&ufwdkufrnf r[kwfacs/
0gqef;*dkPf;rSm odkif;avmu&Sd awmifBuD;ig;vHk;*dkPf;wGif tawmfyif emrnfBuD;aom *dkPf;BuD;wpf*dkPf;
jzpf\/ awmifBuD;ig;vHk;[k trnfwGif&jcif;rSm xdk*dkPf;BuD;rsm;udk wpf*dkPf;vQif awmifBuD;wpfvHk;usay:
wnfaxmifxm; jzpfonf/
0gqef;*dP
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kd ;f wdYk onf 0gqef;awmifEiS hf csi;f cseaf wmifay:wGif wnf&MdS u\/ csi;f cse*f P
kd ;f onf
awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;tzGJY0if r[kwfacs/ 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm wynfhwyef; tawmftoifh&Sdonfhtjyif
taygif;toif; rdwaf qGo*F[rsm;vnf; aygrsm;onf/ odik ;f avmu&Sd *dP
k ;f tzGYJ toD;oD;ESiv
hf nf; &if;ES;D uGsr;f 0ifaom
qufoG,frIrsm; &Sdayonf/ xdkYaMumifh 0gqef;*dkPf;udk awmf&Hkwef&Hk rxd&JMuacs/
zef;vifonf av;eufpGm; pOf;pm;aerdonf/
]]'Drdef;uav;&JU &nf&G,fcsufu bmvJrodbl; ... nDav;a&Smif&Du olYtwGufeJY ao&wmqdkawmh
ol Y aus;Zl ; &S i f j zpf a ewJ h vif r d e f u suf q d k w J h acG ; aumif a v;ud k ol 0 if u ,f r S m aocsmw,f ? wu,f v d k Y
aooGm;wJhaumifom a&Smif&Dr[kwfbl;qdk&if igwdkYaeeJY aemufqkwfEdkifao;w,f .... igwdkYtaeeJY rdef;uav;eJY
,SOfNyD; rwdkufcsifbl;qdk&if odumusp&mvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;? 'gayr,fh .... tcktoufcH&wmu q&mhom;
a&Smif&Djzpfaewmu cufaew,f .... q&mu a&Smif&Dudk ighwdkYvufxJ tyfvdkufwmqdkawmh igwdkYrSm wm0eftrsm;BuD;
&Sdaew,f .... wu,fvdkY igwdkYu olYom;ukdowfwJh w&m;cHawGudk zrf;ray;Edkifbl;qdk&if q&mhudk b,fvdkvkyf
rsufESmjy&awmhrSmvJ ....}}
46
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
olonf OD;acgif;udk tvkyfwGifwGifay;&if; cHkay:rS t&ufcGufrsm;udkMunfhum w[if;[if;jzifh
r&,fcsifh&,fcsifjzifh &,faeonf/ ol\[efyefrSm olwdkYBuHKawGUae&onfh jyemudk tao;tzGJwpfckozG,f
oabmxm;aeonfh [efyefjzpfonf/
odkYaomf wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh ,ck t&uftwif;wdkufaeonfhudpudk rnfodkYajz&Sif;&rnfudkyif pOf;pm;
r&Edkifatmif jzpfae\/
zef;vifwdkY rnfrQ [efaqmifonfjzpfap rdef;uav;u odaeonfhyrm NyHK;&,fvdkufNyD; ....
]]'Dt&ufu t0ifodyfqdk;wJht&uf r[kwfygbl;? aomufvdkYvnf; aumif;ygw,f ... 'gayr,fh
aomufvdkuf&ifawmh aoG;tefNyD; aoapEdkifwJh tqdyft&uf ... uJ ... uJ ... &SifwdkYESpfa,muf aomufrvm; ....
raomufbl;vm; ....}}
xdpk Of &Dvifu "g;udk &kww
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kd Nf yD; pm;yGaJ xmifph eG ;f udk ]&Tr;f } ueJ ckwcf svdu
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qufqHcJhw,f .... 'gaMumifhrdkY rdef;uav;jzpfwJh cifAsm;udk rapmfum;bJ usKyfwkdY at;at;aq;aq; NidrfNidrfoufouf
aeMuwm .... 'gudkrS rauseyfbJ 'DxufydkuJNyD; apmfum;aer,fqdk&ifawmh usKyfwdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufuvnf;
NidrfcHaeawmhrSm r[kwfbl; ....}}
xdkrdef;uav;u ....
]]uGsefru &SifwdkYeJY ,SOfNydKif&avmufatmifawmh b,fowd aumif;yghrvJ&Sifh ... aumif;NyDav .... &SifwdkYu
'Dt&ufudk raomuf&Jbl;qdk&ifawmh vifrdefusufudkyJ taomufcdkif;&awmhrSmyJ ....}}
olruajym&if; vufxJwGif udkifxm;onfh "g;ajrSmifjzifh vifrdefusuf\ &if0odkY &kwfw&uf vTJypfvdkuf\/
zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkYESpfa,mufonf [mueJ jzpfoGm;Mu\/ rdef;uav;u "g;jzifh odkY ypfvdrfhrnf[k vHk;0
rarQmfvifhcJhMuacs/
vif r d e f u suf t aejzif h v nf ; "g;ud k a&S m if w d r f ; vd k u f & ef BuH & G , f v k d u f o nf / ol u d k , f w d k i f v nf ;
taMumydwfcHxm;&onfjzpf "g;ajrSmif udk,fhqDajy;0ifvmrSef;ovsusESifh onftwdkif; rvIyfEdkif r&Sm;Edkifojzifh
Munhfae&awmh\/ vifrdefusufonf yifudk,fADZ owd&Sdoljzpfojzifh ao&rnfukd aMumuf&GHUjcif;r&SdbJ cyf&J&Jyif
ydkif;jzwfxm;Edkif\/
odkYaomf "g;ajrSmifonf ol\&if0ESifh ESpfaycefYtuGmta0;cefY a&mufonfESifh "g;OD;onf &kwfw&uf
aemufbufoYkd vSno
hf mG ;NyD; "g;&d;k rSm &if0odYk a&muf&v
dS monf/ vufuikd "f g;&k;d onf vifred u
f suf\ &if0wpfae&mudk
]'kwf}ueJ xdrSefoGm;awmh\/
"g;&dk;xdoGm;aom ae&mum; vifrdefusuf\ tydwfcHxm;&aom taMumrsm;udk ajyapEdkifonfh
taMumjzpfaeacsonfwum;/
vifrdefusuf\ cEmudk,fonf wpfcsufrQ wkefcgoGm;onf/ wpfudk,fvHk; tESHtjym; aoG;rsm;
pD;qif;vSnfhywfvmonf/ ol\ajcaxmufESifh vufrsm;onf vIyf&Sm;p jyKvm\/
rdef;uav;url at;aq;pGm avQmufoGm;NyD; vifrdefusufa&SUrS "g;ajrSmifudk aumuf,lvkduf\/ zef;vifESifh
&DvifwdkYonf rdef;uav;\ tjyKtrlrsm;ESifh ywfowf wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ 0ifa&mufwm;jrpfEdkifpGrf; r&Sdonftxd
tHhtm;oifh aeMuawmhonf/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;u vifrdefusufudk Munfh &,farmvdkuf&if; ....
]]vifrdefusuf ... 'Du vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;ESpfa,mufudk uGsefru apwemeJY t&ufwdkufw,f ....
'DvlpGrf;aumif;BuD;awGu raomuf&JMubl;uG,fh .... olwdkYu ol&JabmaMumifwJh vlawG? &SifhMunfh&wmawmh
owd&Sdr,fhyHkyJ .... &Sif owd&Sdw,fqdk&if 'Dt&ufudk aomufjyvdkufygvm; .... 'grS 'Du vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;awG
&SifhtaMumif; odoGm;r,f ....}}
vifrdefusufrSm apmapmuwnf;u t&ufonf tqdyft&ufrSef; od\/ tqdyfudkaomuf raobJ
b,fol&Sdayvdrhfrnfenf;/ zef;vifESifh &DvifwkdY\ rsufvHk;rsm;wGif txifao;jcif;? acsmufusaeonfudk
oabmusjcif; ponfh t&dyfta,mifrsm; xif&Sm;pGm ay:vGifaeonf/
47
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdktcgusrS vifrdefusufonf zef;vifESifh pawGUp tcsdefukd jyefvnf owd&vkdufrdawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh
ol\pdwfxJwGif a&&Gwfvkdufrdonf/
]]'Drdef;uav;uom igh&JUtaMumawGudk ajzray;&if ighudkolwdkY csif;csef;awmifay: ac:oGm;NyD; b,favmuf
ESdyfpufvdkufMurvJ rodbl; .... aowJhtxd ESdyfpufr,fh taumifawG .... tJ'Dawmh aor,fhtwlwl bmxl;rvJ ...
[kdrSm tESdyfpufcH&r,f ... wjznf;jznf;csif; aor,f ... 'DrSmu tESdyfpufrcH&bJ wpfcPcsif; aooGm;r,f ....
'D a wmh 'D t qd y f t &uf aomuf N yD ; yJ aovd k u f a wmh r ,f .... 'k u c H p &m rvd k a wmh b l ; .... aemuf N yD ;
owdaMumifwJhaumifvdkYvnf; txifrcHEdkifbl; ...}}
od k Y pOf ; pm;vd k u f r d o jzif h vif r d e f u suf \ ik y f v QKd ; aeaom pG r f ; tif E S i f h owd r sm; Ed k ; Mum;
wufMuGvmawmhonf/ aemufxyf bmrS rpOf;pm;awmhbJ rdrda&SU&Sd t&ufoHk;cGufpvHk;udk wpfcGufNyD; wpfcGuf
aumuf,laomufcs vdkufawmh\/
aomufNyD;onfESifh &J0HhpGm ajymvdkufonf/
]]usKyf auseyfw,f ... 'Drdef;uav;&JU tqdyft&uf aomufNyD;ao&wmu cifAsm;wdkYvdk vl,kwfrmawG&JU
vufxJrSm ao&wmxuf ydkaumif;ao;w,f ...}}
odkYaomf olt&ufaomNyD; rMumrDyif olYyg;pyfxJwGif rdef;uav;rsm; toHk;jyKonfh eHYomrIefY&eHYrsm;
xGufvmonfudk cHpm;od&Sdvdkuf&\/ olYpdwfxJwGifvnf; tvGef tHhMooGm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh ....
]][if .... ajrGqdyft&ufuvnf; rdef;uav;awG oHk;wJh eHYomrIefYrsm; xnfhazsmfxm;ovm; rodbl; ....}}
vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m;rSm olwdkY\ om;uav; pdwf"gwfudk cdkifMunfpGm rxm;EdkifbJ tqdyft&ufudk
aumuf,laomcsvkdufonfudk awGYaomtcg tvGef wkefvIyf acsmufcsm; oGm;Mu\/
zef;vifESifh &DvifwkdYrSmvnf; vifrdefusufu tqdyft&ufrsm;udk wpfcGufNyD; wpfcGuf armhcsvdkufonfudk
awGUjrif&aomtcg rsufESmysufoGm;Muonf/ &Dvif\ pdwfxJwGif ....
]]vifrdefusuf[m odkif;ynm r&Sdayr,fh owdawmh wu,f&SdwJh aumifygvm; ....}}
rdef;uav;url wNyHK;NyHK;jzifh vufraxmifjyNyD; ....
]]aumif;w,f .... odyfaumif;w,f .... 'grS r*Fvm tmrcHXme&JU q&mBuD;&JUom; yDowmaygh ....}}
olronf zef;vifESifh &DvifbufokdY &kwfw&uf vSnfhvdkufum olwdkY\ rsufESmrsm;udk aphaphMunfh
ar;vdkufjyefonf/
]]uJ ... tck vifrdefusufu &SifwdkYESpfa,muf&JU *dkPf;wlnD a&Smif&DqdkwJhvludk owfrdvdkY tqdyft&uf
aomufvdkufNyD ... &SifwdkY csif;csefawmifudk jyefoGm;NyD; 'Dudpu
dk &SifwdkYq&mBuD;udk ajymjyvdkufaygh .... a&Smif&DtwGuf
wHkYjyefaMuG; jyefqyfNyD;ygNyDvdkY? &SifwdkYwm0efvnf; ukefcrf;oGm;ygNyD ... uJ .... uJ &SifwdkY jyefcsif&if jyefMuygawmh
...}}
zef;vif\ pdwfxJwGifrl ....
]]'Dudpu
wpfrsdK;BuD;yJ .... rouFmp&mvnf; aumif;w,f ... olu,f&r,fh aumifudk tqdyfaomufcdkif;wm
bmoabmvJ ...}}
[k awG;aerdonf/
zef;vifonf &kwfw&uf oabmaygufoGm;ojzifh w[m;[m;ESifh [m;wdkuf &,farmawmhonf/
]]rdef;uav;u usKyfwdkYudk oli,fESyfpm; uav;awG rSwfaeovm; .... 'Dt&ufxJrSm b,fu tqdyf&Sd&rSmvJ
... usKyfwdkY nDtudkESpfa,mufu rdef;uav;ay;wJh t&ufudk raomufwmu raomuf&JvdkY r[kwfbl; ....
pdwfnpfaeMuvdkY od&JUvm; .... pdwfnpfaeMuvdkY .... wpfu,fh tqdyft&ufqdkvnf; usKyfwdkYu rrIao;bl; ...
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh usKyfwdkY*dkPf;&JU tqdyfajzaq;u tifrwef tpGrf;xufvkdYyJ ... 'Dvdk tqdyf&nf oHk;cGufrajymeJY
tcGufoHk;q,fawmif aomufjyvdkufOD;r,f ... uJ ... [dkrSm MunhfygOD; ....}}
zef;vifonf pum;ajymae&mrS vifrdefusufudk vufnSdk;xdk;jy&if; ....
]]tqdyft&uf aomufvdkufwJhaumifwJh .... bmrSvnf; rjzpfao;bl; ... wu,fh tqdyft&ufqdk&if wHk;ueJ
jzpfoGm;&rSmaygh .... usKyfwdkYudk 'DvdkvmnmvdkY b,f&vdrfhrvJ ...}}
xdktcgusrS &Dvif;uvnf; oabmaygufoGm;onf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ....
48
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
]][kwfayom;yJ ... tpfudkzef;vGifu 'Dtusnf;wefr&JU vSnhfuGufudk &dyfrdayvdkYyJ ... EdkYrdkY&if igwdkYESpfa,muf
'Daumifr&JU tvdrftnmudk cH&wmhrSm ....}}
[k awG;rdawmh\/
rdef;uav;url rsufESmwpfcsufrQ rysuf/ tNyHK;yif rysufacs/
]]wu,fvdkY tqdyft&uf tppfqdk&if .... &SifwdkYu tcGufoHk;q,fawmif aomufrSm[kwfvm; ....}}
zefvifuvnf; [efudk,fhzdkY rmefolYzdkYqdkonfh pum;twdkif; [efrysufapyJ jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]usKyfwdkY csif;csef;*dkPf;u vlawGtzdkY tqdyfqdkwm aMumufp&m r[kwfygbl; ....}}
apmapmu rdrdwdkY raomuf&JcJhonfh tqdyft&ufudk vifrdefusufu aomufjyvdkufojzifh rdrdwdkY\
ol&aJ bmaMumifru
I kd jyovdu
k o
f vdk jzpfc&hJ NyD/ xdYk aMumifh 'kw,
d tBudrf t&Surf uGaJ p&ef [efEiS hf rmefEiS hf ajymae&jcif;
jzpf\/ odkYaomf pdwfwGif;rSawmh oufomvSonf r[kwfacs/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;u ab;em;&Sd a&aEG;Murftkd;udk ,l t&ufcGuf oHk;cGufxJodkY apmif;iJh xnfhvdkuf\/
NyD;rS &ifcGifxJxnfhxm;aom ykvif;i,fwpfvHk;udk xkwf,lum tzHk;udk zGifhvdkuf\/ xdkykvif;i,fxJrS tpdrf;a&mif
trIefYuav;rsm;udk t&ufcGuf oHk;cGufxJodkY avmif;xnfhvdkufjyef\/
xdktcg tvGefpl;&S jyif;xefvSaom teHYtoufrsm; xGufay:vmawmh\/ rnfrQ jyif;xefaom
&eHUjzpfonfukdrl tqdyft&ufcGuf tem;wGif&Sdaom vifrdefusufudk,fwdkifyif ESmacsum aejcif;u oufaojyae\/
xdktrIefYrsm; vufzuf&nfMurf;xJodkY a&muf&SdoGm;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf 0gvJhvJh vufzuf&nfMurf;rsm;rSm vHk;0
eufarSmifoGm;awmh\/ wu,f jyif;xefvSaom tqdyfjzpfayvdrfhrnf/ taoG;ta&mifudku aMumufrufzG,f&m
aojcif;\ vuPmrsm;udk awGUjrifae&onf r[kwfygvm;/
xdkteHYudk zef;,ifESifh &DvifwdkYyg &SL&SdKufrdoGm;aomtcg tvGefyif qdk;0g;vSojzifh atmhtefcsifpdwfyif
jzpfay:vmonf/ xdkYaMumifh ESpfa,mufpvHk; aemufbufodkY qkwfoGm;Muawmh\/
rdef;uav;u NyHK;&,f&if; ....
]]'Dt&ufu apmapmu t&ufoHk;cGufxuf ydkNyD; tqdyfjyif;w,f .... &SifwdkY aomuf&JMuvm; ....}}
zef ; vif \ rsuf E S m wG i f aoG ; r&S d a wmh a vmuf a tmif jzLa&mf a eonf / tqd y f t &uf \ teH Y ud k
&SL&SKd ufrNd yD;uwnf;u aMumufvefYaeNyD jzpf\ rQ atmhtefcsiaf vmufatmif teHYtoufq;kd 0g;aeaom t&ufonf
aomufvdkufygu tb,fqdkzG,f&m &SdEdkifawmhtJhenf;/
zef;vifu ajcmufuyfpGm jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]usKyf ... usKyfwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;rSm tqdyfajzaq;awG &Sdayr,fh pnf;vGwfurf;vGwf oHk;csifwdkif; oHk;aewm
r[kwfbl;? ae&meJY ae&m oHk;Muwm ... tckvnf; rdef;uav;u 0gqef;*dkPf;uqdkawmh usKyfwdkY&JU tqdyfajzaq;&JU
tpGrf;udkawmh rjyvdkawmhygbl; ... MuGm;aew,fvdkY txifrSm rcHEdkifbl; ....}}
rdef;uav;url [uf[ufyufyuf NyHK;&,f&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]]a[m'D vifrdefusufqdkwJhvlu uGsefrtwGufeJY &SifwdkY*dkPf;u a&Smif&DqdkwJhvludk owfvdkufrdw,f ...
'Dawmh ... uGsefruvnf; vufydkufNyD; MunfhraeEdkifawmhbl ... ulnDoifhwJhvludk ulnD&awmhrSmyJ ... 'gayr,fh ....}}
vrf;ckvwfwGif pum;udk &yfwefYvdkufojzifh zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkYonf em;axmifae&mrS rcsifhr&J
jzpfoGm;Muonf/ rdef;uav;u .....
]]'gayr,fh .... uGsefrwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY csif;csef*dkP;fudk rdwfaqG&if;csmawGvdk qufqHcJhMuwJh tpOftvmawG
&Sx
d m;awmh uGserf wdYk i,fom;awGtwGuf vlBuD;csi;f rsuEf mS ysu&f wmrsKd ; rjzpfapcsib
f ;l ... 'ghaMumifrh Ykd tm;vH;k twGuf
taumif;qHk;jzpfoGm;atmif uGsefrtaeeJY wpfckyJ awmif;qdkcsifw,f ....}}
zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkY ESpfa,muftzdkY tusOf;tusyftwGif; a&muf&SdaeMuonf/ zef;vifu ...
]]'Daumifhtouf csrf;omay;zdkY awmif;qdkcsifwmvm;? 'gawmh rjzpfEdkifbl; ... usKyfwdkY&JU q&mudk wifjy&rSm
.... olu w&m;cH r[kwfvm; ....}}
rdef;uav;u....
]]'Dvdkvkyfygav .... 'Dtqdyft&ufudk &SifwdkYvnf; aomufrS raomuf&JMuwm .... 'Dawmh olYudk aomufygap
... olaowJhtcgrSmvnf; a0'em rcHpm;&bl; ... &SifwdkYvnf; wHkYjyefaMuG; qyfNyD;ovdk jzpfoGm;wmaygh ... b,fhES,fvJ
49
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
uGsefrajymwm}}
vifrdefusufonf rcHcsd rcHom jzpfaerdonf/ tpyxr rdef;uav;onf rdrdtm; ulnDaeol[kom
rSwfxifcJhrdonf/ ,ckrl olruvnf; rdrdaoap&ef wpfbufwpfvrf;rS ulnDol jzpfaeacsonf wum;/
vifrdefusuf\ pdwfxJwGif ....
]]tif;av .... [kwfwmygyJ ... olwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;u csif;csef*dkPf;eJY qufqHa&; aumif;aewJhOpmyJ ....
ighvdk Mum;vlwpfa,muf twGufeJY olwdkY*dkPf;tcsif;csif; b,f&efp &Snfaecsifawmh rvJav ....}}
[k awG;vdkufrd&Smonf/
vifrdefusufonf &kwfw&uf qHk;jzwfcsuf csvdkufrd[efjzifh toHudk jrSifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]usKyftaeeJYu okdif;ynm rawmfawmh bmrS 0ifajymp&m r&Sdawmhygbl; .... usKyftwGufeJY cifAsm;wdkY
*dkPf;BuD;tcsif;csif;awmh rdwfrysuf MuygeJY ....}}
vifred u
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armhcsypfvdkufawmh\/ ol\ tjriftm&Hkrsm; &kwfw&uf arSmifusoGm;NyD; wHk;ceJ vJusoGm;awmhonf/
trSefpifppf zefvifwdkYrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh rsufESmysuf&JMuolrsm; r[kwfMuay/ ,ck vifrdefusufu
tqdyfrsm;aomuf vJusoGm;aomtcg olwdkYtzdkY touf&l acsmifoGm;Muonf/ tcsufonf olwdkYq&mxHodkY
a&muf&Sdaomtcg avQmufvJcsuf aumif;wpfcktjzpf wifjyEdkifayrnf/
zef;vifu ....
]]aumif;NyDav ... usKyfwdkYu rdef;uav;&JU rsufESmudk axmufNyD; ausat;vdkufygNyD .... tckqdk&if
vlowform;udk owfNyD;NyD ... 'gayr,fh ... olY&JU rdbawGudkawmh usKyfwdkY&JU q&mqD ac:oGm;&rSmyJ ....
'DudptwGufawmh usKyfwdkYq&mu qHk;jzwfygvdrfhr,f ....}}
rdef;uav;u oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufNyD; ....
]]&SifwdkYu ESpfa,muf? uGsefru wpfa,mufwnf;/ bmajymp&m &SdawmhrvJav .... &SifwdkY oabmygyJ ...}}
&Dvifonf ... vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf\ taMumrsm;udk ajzay;vdkufonf/ vifusefeefonf
atmf[pfqJqdk&ef [efjyifvdkuf\/ &Dvifu csufcsif;yif cEmukd,f tay:ydkif; rvIyfEdkifatmif taMumrsm;
xdk;ydwfvkdufjyefonf/
xdktcg vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,mufpvHk;rSm ajcaxmufESpfzuf vIyf&Sm;vrf;avQmufEdkifaomfvnf;
cEmudk,ftxufykdif; vHk;0 rvIyf&Sm;Edkifojzifh yg;pyfyif rvIyfEdkifawmhay/
zef;vifuvnf; olY"g;udk xkwf vifusefeef\ aemufausmudk axmufum ....
]]cifAsm; usKyfwdkYaemufudk at;at;aq;aq;om vdkufcJhayawmh ... usKyfwdkYpum;udk em;raxmifbJ
vrf;aumif;aumif; ravQmuf&if cifAsm;rdef;r&JU vufwpfzufudk jzwfypfr,f ... cifAsm;rdef;ru usKyfwdkYpum;ukd
em;raxmif&if usKyfu cifAsm;&JU vufwpfzufudk jzwfypfr,f ... tJ'Dawmh at;at;oufom vdkufcJhMu ....
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,kwfrmaumufuspfrIrsm;ESifh jynfhaeaom olonfvnf; ol\ ,kwfrmaumufuspfrIrsm;udkom tm;udk;ayvdrfhrnf/
zef;vif\ &ufpuf,kwfrmaom pdwf"gwfudk odNyD;jzpfojzihf vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m; rQ NidrfoufoGm;Mujcif;
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aoqHk;oGm;onfudk awGUvdkufuwnf;u tonf;ESvHk;rsm; jyKwfjyKwfjyKef; aMuGvkrwwf emusifpGm a0'em
cHpm;aeMu&onf/ olwdkYESpfa,mufonf csdeJU ,drf;,dkifaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh qdkiftjyifodkY avQmufxGufvdkufMu\/
0rfzl;onf &kwfw&uf aemufodkYvSnhfNyD; rdef;uav;tm; emMunf;pGm Munfhvdkufonf/ rdef;uav;url rjrifa,mif
aqmifaevdkuf\/
zef;vifurl tm;vHk;udk tvG,fwul vufcHwufol r[kwfaMumif; tvkyfjzifh vufawGU jyaeonf/
50
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
olonf vifrdefusufem;odkY avQmufoGm;NyD; xGufouf 0ifoufudk prf;oyfMunfh&lU vkduf\/ vifrdefusuf vHk;0
aoqHk;oGm;onfawmh r[kwfacs/ 0ifoufxGufouf rQif;rQif;uav;u &Sdaeao;\/ odkYaomf qufwkduf
0ifxGufaeonf r[kwfbJ jywfawmif; jywfawmif; jzpfaeojzifh tcsdefra&G; toufxGufEdkifonf jzpfaMumif;
zef;vif od&SdoGm;onf/ odkY auseyf tm;&pGm prf;oyfNyD;aomtcgrS qdkiftjyifbufodkY xGufcGmoGm;awmhonf/
vifrdefusufrSm tqdyft&ufaomufNyD; uwnf;u rnfrQMumMum arhajrmoGm;onfrod/ wjznf;jznf;
owdjyefvnfvmonf/ okdhaomfol\ cEmudk,fwpfckvHk; ausmufwHk;ausmufcJBuD;rsm;jzifh zdxm;jcif;cHae&ouJhokdh
xifrSwfaerdonf/ vIyf&Sm;vnf;r&/ ol\rsufvHk;rsm;ukd twif;tm;,l zGihfMunfhvkduf\/ rnfonfht&mukdrQ
rawG h&/ rnf;arSmifaeonfukdom awG h&awmhonf/ tcH&tcufqHk;a0'emrSm olhwukd,fvHk; emusifukdufcJ
aejcif;yifjzpf\/
vifrdefusufonf kwfw&uf aMumufpdwf0ifoGm;onf/ xkdhaMumifh pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]aoNyD . . . igaoNyD . . . aovkdho&JjzpfaeNyD . . . ig vlr[kwfawmhbl; . . . [kwfw,f . . . tqdyfawG
aomufvkdufvkdh igaoNyD;NyDyJ . . . tck i&Jjynfukd a&mufaewm jzpf&r,f}}
[kajymaerdonf/
twefMumaomtcgrS olukef;uefvkdufNyD; yg;pyf[ atmf[pf&ef [efjyifvkduf\/ xkdtcg yg;pyfxJokdh
ajrBuD;rsm; 0ifvmawmhonf/ vifrdefusufonf ydkrdkxdwfvefh acsmufcsm;oGm;awmh\/
]]ighukd t&Sifvwfvwf ajrBuD;xJ jryfxm;wmygvm;}}
tvGefaMumuf&GHoGm;ojzifh vifrdefusufonf tm;ukefkef;uefvkdufonf/ ajrBuD;rSm tay:,H cyfyg;yg;om
zHk;tkyfxm;jcif; jzpfojzifh vifrdefusuftzkdh tcuftcJ odyfr&dSvSbJ ajrBuD;ay:okdh a&muf&dSvmawmh\/
xkad jryHak y:wGif xkid u
f m ab;ywf0ef;usiu
f dk rsupf u
d pm;vku
d o
f nf/ rdro
d nf xrif;qkid af b;em;&dS ajrwGi;f xJxnfjh cif;h
cHvkduf&aMumif; odvkduf&\/
vifrdefusufonf wGif;ay:okdh wufEkdifcJhonf/ tcsdefrSm ae0ifqnf;qm ukefqHk;vkNyD jzpfojzifh tarSmifu
wjznf;jznf; 0g;rsdKvmNyD jzpfonf/ rsm;rMumrDyif awm&dyfawmif&dyfrsm;aMumifh vHk;0 tarSmifurvmBuD;
zkHk;tkyfvkdufouJhokdh rnf;arSmifoGm;awmh\/
tarSmifxktwGif; olMum;ae&onfh toHrsm;rSm taumifi,frsm;\ pdk;pdk;pDpD atmfjrnfaeoHrsm;omwnf;/
vloH[l vHk;0rMum;&acs/
xkdhaMumifh vifrdefusuf\ &ifonf wxdwfxdwf ckefvmawmhonf/
vifrdefusufonf tm;wif; rwfwyf&yf vkduf\/ ol\ OD;acgif;ukd vufESpfzufjzifh tkyfukdifvkdufrdonf/
tb,fhaMumifh qkdaomf OD;acgif;wpfckvHk; kdufxkcHxm;&ouJhokdh wqpfqpf ukdufcJ emusifaomaMumifhyif jzpfonf/
vifrdefusufonf rdrd\ a&ShwGif&dSaeaom ajrwGif;BuD;ukd Munfh pdwfxJwGif awG;awmaerdonf/
]]igu tqdyfaomufvkdh aooGm;NyDyJ . . . b,fhES,f tck toufjyef&Sifae&wmvJ . . . [kwfrS
[kwf&Jhvm;rodbl; . . . ightavmif;ukd ajrwGif;xJ jryfay;wmvnf; [kdrdef;uav;yJ jzpfyHk&w,f/
olonf EGrf;e,fcsdeJhpGmjzifh qkdifxJokdh jyef0ifvmonf/ ol\ tawG;rQifrsm;uawmh rjywfao;/
]]tazESifh tarukd [kdvlqkd;ESpfa,muf zrf;oGm;NyD . . . 'DESpfa,mufu ajrGqkd;ajrGa[mufawGxuf
aMumufp&maumif;w,f . . . ig tjrefqHk;oGm;u,frS aumif;vdrfhr,f . . . [kdvl,kwfrmESpfa,mufu
okdif;ynmrSmawmh wu,fawmfwJh vlawG? olwkdhESifh &ifqkdifwkdufvkdhuawmh b,fvkdrS EkdifrSm r[kwfbl; . . . 'gayr,hf
aemufuG,fu wdwfwqdwf wkdufcdkuf&ifawmh Ekdif Ekdifw,f . . . wu,fvkdh u,fvkdhr&bJ tazESifh taraooGm;wJh
aemufawmh igwpfa,mufwnf; 'DavmuxJrSm touf&Sifaevkdh bmvkyf&awmhrSmvJ . . . }}
vif r d e f u suf o nf ol h r d b rsm;\ rsuf E S m rsm;uk d ajy;jrif r d a omtcg wpf u k d , f v H k ; &S d a oG ; rsm;
Ekd;Mum;wufMuGvmNyD; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfvmawmhonf/ xkdpOf wpfpHkwpfckukd owd&vkdufojzifh . . .
]]tif; . . . ighkyfukd kyfzsufxm;rS jzpfr,f . . . [kdvl,kwfrm ESpfa,muf ighukd rawG hrSjzpfrSm . . . awG
hoGm;&ifawmh awG h&mocsKif; "m;rqkdif; owfr,hfaumifawG . . . tJovkdqkd&if tazESifh tarwkdhukd vHk;0u,fEkdifrSm
r[kwfawmhbl; . . . }}
51
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xk d o k d h p Of ; pm;rd o nf E S i f h qk d i f & S i f a exk d i f & m tcef ; wG i f ; ok d h 0if v k d u f o nf / tus w pf x nf x k w f
0wfqifvkdufonf/ tusrSm eHapmfaeaomfvnf; vifrdefusuf *krjyKtm;ay/ olhtmkHwGif ol\ rdcifESifh zcifwkdh\
rsufESmudk jrifa,mifvsuf &dSaeonf/
ol\qHyifrsm;ukd vufacsmif;rsm;jzifh xk;d zGvu
dk o
f nf/ rsufEmS udv
k nf; npfaya&aeatmif ajrrIezhf rHk eI rhf sm;jzifh
aumufokwfvkdufonf/ ajrBuD;ay:wGif usaeaom olhrdcif\ "m;usdK;ukd awGhvkduf&aomtcg aumuf,lNyD;
cg;Mum;xJwGif xkd;xnfhxm;vkdufawmh\/
ol\ OD;acgif;rSm rl;a0aemufusdaeojzifh tHukdwif;wif;usdwf qkdiftjyifokdh avQmufxGufvkdufonf/
ol\ rdbESpyf g;ukd zef;vifEiS hf &Dvifwu
hdk rnfonfv
h rf;rS ac:aqmifomG ;aMumif; rodojzifh oluvnf; ajcOD;wnf&h m
awmvrf;twkdif; avQmufoGm;aerdawmh\/
rsm;rMumrD rdk;pifpifvif;vmonf/ aerif;BuD;onf ol\ rsufESmrl&mt&yfrS vSyeD&JpGm wjznf;jznf;
jrifhwufvmawmhonf/ xkdtcg vifrdefusufonf wpfa,mufwnf; xdwfvefhwMum; atmfvkdufrdawmh\/
]]tvkd . . . bk&m;a& . . . [kdvlqkd;ESpfa,mufu tareJh tazukd csif;csefawmifukd zrf;ac:oGm;MuwmyJ .
. . csif;csefawmif qkw
d mu igwkzhd ;l usufe,f&hJ taemufbufrmS yJ . . . igu b,hEf ,
S f ta&Sb
h ufukd xGuv
f mrd&wmvJ
. . . 'kuyJ . . . tazeJh tarwkdhu nuwnf;u xGufoGm;Muwm . . . tckqkd&if rkd;awmifvif;aeNyD . . . igu
qefhusifbufBuD; avQmufvmrdwmukd; . . . rjzpfbl; . . . rjzpfbl; . . . jrif;wpfaumif0,fNyD; vkdufrS rDEkdifawmhr,f
. . . }}
okdhaomf vifrdefusufonf csufcsif;yif pdwfysufoGm;awmhonf/ tb,fhaMumifhqkdaomf olhwGif aiGaMu;[l
wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS r&dSawmhjcif;aMumifhyifwnf;/
olonf aysmhacGvkrwwf tm;i,foGm;onf/
]]'Dvkdqkd&if b,fhES,fvkyf&awmhrvJ . . . ykdufqHr&dS&if jrif;wpfaumifrajymeJh Muufwpfaumifawmif
tvum;&rSm r[kwfbl; . . . ightjzpfu qkd;vScsnfvm; . . . }}
okdhaomf vifrdefusufonf pdwf"mwfckdifrmvSol vli,fwpfa,muf jzpfojzifh csufcsif;tHBudwfum
ol\avsmh&J&J pdwf"mwfrsm;ukd 0uftl&pfwif;ouJhokdh jyefwif;vkdufonf/
]]tkd . . . bmyJjzpfjzpf tazeJh tarwkdhukd u,fzkdhu ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ . . . bmrSr&vkdh pdwfysuftm;avQmhNyD;
xkdifaer,fhtpm; tazeJh tarwkdhaemufudk ajcusifvkdufwmurS aumif;aumif;rDEkdifao;w,f . . . igtpmiwf
aowmu ta&;rBuD;bl;}}
ol o nf ajcvS r f ; usJ u sJ j zif h taemuf b uf o k d h c&D ; jyif ; ES i f a wmh o nf / aeh v ,f r G e f ; wnf h c sd e f
a&mufaomtcgwGifrl qmavmifrGwfodyfrI\'Pfukd rcHEkdifatmif jzpfvm\/ olonf vrf;ab;&dS pm;aumif;rnhf
opfoD;rSeforQ cl;pm;um ol\ 0rf;Akdufukd jznfhwif;vkduf&onf/
odkhaomfrnfokdhrQ tmomrajyEkdifatmif jzpfaerdonf/
odkhjzifh aemufxyfoHk;av;rkdifcefh qufavQmuf vkdufaomtcgwGif usdK;wkd;usJwJ&Gmuav;wpf&Gmokdh
qkdufa&mufvmawmhonf/ olonf t&JpGefhvsuf wJtdrfwpftdrfa&Sh&yfNyD; pm;p&mawmif;cHvkduf\/
olhwpfoufwGif uJhokdh awmif;pm;jcif;trIukd wpfBudrfwpfcgrS rjyKpzl;/ xkdhaMumifh t&SuftaMumufBuD;pGm
jzpf&awmh\/ uHtaMumif;rvSonfhtcg rSefuif;onfyif xif;jzpf&ouJhokdh pnf;pdrfOpm&Sif vifrdefusufonfvnf;
awmif;&rf;pm;aomuf&onfh b0okdh a&muf&ayawmhonf/
tpm;awmif;&rf;onfh pum;oHk;cGef;rQ rjynfhrDyif vifrdefusuf\ rsufESmonf &J&JeDvsuf&dSaeayNyD/
ukodkvfuH taMumif;roifhvkdufonfrSm xkdwJtdrfrS tdrf&Sifronf a,musmf;jzpfolESifh vifrdefusuf vmrawmif;rD
tcsdefuav;twGif;rS &efjzpfxm;Muojzifh tvGefa'goxGufaecsdef jzpf\/
xk d t csd e f w G i f vif r d e f u suf u vma&muf a wmif ; &rf ; aeaomtcg td r f & S i f r \ a'gorsm;onf
vifrdefusuftay: pkNyHKusa&mufoGm;NyD; wHjrufpnf;jzifh kdufxkwfarmif;ESifawmh\/
vifrdefusufonf tvGefqmavmif tm;tifjywfaeojzifh OD;acgif;vnf; tvGefukdufaeaomaMumihf
wHjrufpnf; kdufcsufukd oHk;av;csufrQ cHvkduf&awmhonf/ xkdae&m quf tdkufrcHEkdifawmhojzifh
ajy;xGufvmcJh&m vrf;ab;&Sd opfyifwpfyifatmuf aysmhacGvJusoGm;awmh\/
52
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusuftzkdh tBuD;us,fqHk;aom t&SufwuGJ tusdK;enf; jzpf&rIBuD;yifwnf;/
xkdpOf tjcm;wJtdrfwpfckrS rdef;rBuD;wpfa,muf olhxHokdh avQmufvmNyD; xrif;cGufwpfcGufukd
vifrdefusufa&Shokdh csay;vkduf\/ xkdrdef;rBuD;onf oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufukdcsvkduf&if; . . .
]]rif;Munfh&wm i,fi,f&G,f&G,fuav;yg . . . ukd,fpGrf;ukd,fpeJh tvkyfwpfckckvkyf&if xrif;riwfygbl;
. . . bmjzpfvkdh awmif;pm;ae&wmvJuG,f . . . }}
[kajym&Smonf/
xkdrdef;rBuD;onf acgif;w,rf;,rf;jzifh xkdpum;ukdajymNyD; olhwJtdrfokdh jyefvnfxGufcGmoGm;awmh\/
vifrdefusufonf xkdrdef;rBuD;\ pum;ukdMum;vkduf&aomtcg rdrd\rsufESmukd "m;jzifhvSD;ypfcsifonftxd
&SufrdoGm;awmhonf/ olha&Sh&dS xrif;cGufukdvnf; vTifhypfcsifpdwf aygufvmonf/ okdhaomf ol\ pdwfukd
jyefxdef;vkdufonf/
]]ig . . . tckvkd t&SufwuGJ tusdK;enf; tjzpfrcHEkdif&ifawmh . . . ighrdbawGukd u,fEkdifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;
. . . ighrdbawGukd wu,f u,fcsifw,fqkd&if b,favmufyJ t&Suf&& atmifhtnf;onf;cH&rSmyJ . . . }}
ol o nf csuf c sif ; yif xrif ; yH k u k d vuf E I d u f pm;aomuf a wmh o nf / ol o nf yvk w f y avmif ;
pm;aomufae&if;rS ola&Shquf&rnfh c&D;ukd vSrf;arQmfMunfhvkdufrdonf/ c&D;u a0;vGef;vSao;\/
0rf;0aomtcg olonf rwfwwf&yfvkdufonf/ ,cifu t[m&rrDS0J&aomaMumifh csdeJhwkef,ifaeaom
cEmukd,fonf ,ck tawmftwef awmifhwif;ckdifrmvmonf/ oEdXmefcsxm;onfh twkdif; aqmif&GufEkdif&ef
vifrdefusufonf taemufbufokdh c&D;qufjyefawmhonf/
okdhjzifh vrf;c&D;wavQmufvHk; awmif;&rf;pm;aomufum olhrdb\ owif;ukd rodrom pHkprf;vmcJh\/
okdhaomf rnfonfhowif;rQ r&acs/ aemufxyf ukd;&ufrQ Mumaom tcgwGifrl eefcsefNrdKhokdh a&muf&dSvmawmhonf/
xk d N rd K h o k d h a &muf & d S v mojzif h vif r d e f u suf u tm;wuf r d \ / tb,f h a Mumif h q k d a omf Nrd K h w G i f
r*F v mtmrcH X me\ XmecG J & d S a omaMumif h jzpf a yonf / xk d X mecG J r sm;ok d h o G m ;NyD ; jrif ; wpf a umif E S i f h
aiGtawmftoifhawmif;um olhrdbrsm;aemufokdh vsifjrefpGm vkdufEkdifawmhrnf r[kwfygvm;/
okdhaomf vrf;c&D;ay:&dS oGm;vmaeonfhvlrsm;tm; r*FvmtmrcHXmecGJtaMumif; pHkprf;wD;acgufMunfhaom
tcgwGifrl vGefpGmpdwfysuf oGm;rdawmh\/
xkdolu . . .
]]eefcsefNrdKhu r*FvmtmrcHXmeukd ajymwmvm; . . . rD;dIhcHvkduf&vkdh jymyHkyJ usefawmhw,f . . . 'DXme
rD;avmifwmeJh teD;tem;u tdrfawGawmif rD;xJygoGm;ao;w,f . . . }}
r*FvmtmrcHXmecGJ wnf&dS&m t&yfokdh a&muf&Sdaomtcg wu,fyif jymyHkBuD;ukdom awGh&awmhonf/
oGm;NyD XmecGJrS tultnD&p&m taMumif;vHk;0r&dSawmhNyD/
teD;tem;rS vlwpfa,muftm; xyfrHpHkprf;Munfhaomtcg XmecGJonf vGefcJhaom ajcmuf&ufu rD;dI h
cHvkduf&jcif;jzpfaMumif; odvkduf&\/
vifrdefusufonf olwkdhESifh zef;vif? &Dvifwkdh awGhqHkcJhMuonfh&ufudk jyefvnfawG;Munfhvkdufonf/
XmecGJukd rD;dI hoGm;olrsm;rSm zef;vifESihf &DvifwkdhrS wyg; tjcm;olrjzpfEkdifay/ xkdhaMumifh olwkdhukd
trDSvkdufEkdif&eftwGuf csif;csefawmif&dS usef;pD;e,f&dS&mokdh c&D;ESif&jyefawmhonf/
ok d h j zif h aemuf w pf a eh w G i f csef q mNrd K h o k d h a&muf & d S v mawmh \ / csef q mNrd K h w G i f v nf ; ol w k d h \
r*FvmtmrcHXmecGJ wpfck&dSaMumif; olodxm;\/
vifrdefusuf\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tif; . . . 'DtmrcHXmecG[
J mvnf; rD;dI ch &H rSm aocsmw,f/ 'Dv,
l w
k rf mawGu r*FvmtmrcHXmeBuD;wpfcv
k ;kH
tjrpfurusefatmif ajrvSefypfaewmqkdawmh . . . tif;av . . . uHw&m; twkdif;yJ . . . }}
[kajymvkdufrdawmh\/
vifred u
f sufonf teD;tyg;rS c&D;oGm;wpfa,mufudk pHpk rf;ar;jref;vku
d o
f nf/ ol eh m;ukyd if olr,HEk idk af tmif
jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ NrdKh&dS r*FvmtmrcHXmecGJonf rD;Id hcH&jcif; rcH&ygwJh/ vifrdefusuf tvGeftm;wuf
&Tifvef;oGm;rdonf/ tcsdefrqkdif;awmhbJ tmrcHXmecGJwnf&dS&m t&yfokdh taomhESifawmhonf/
53
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
XmecGJ\ wHcg;ra&Shokdh a&mufaomtcg twGif;bufokdh vSrf;Munfhvkdufrd\/ vlqkd t&dyfta&mifrQ
rjrif & ojzif h vif r d e f u suf \ pd w f x J w G i f 0if & aumif ; Ek d ; ? r0if & aumif ; Ek d ; csD w H k c swH k j zpf a e&mrS
pdwful;wpfrsdK;aygufoGm;\/
]]ig'Dvkd vrf;awavyHkeJh 0ifoGm;&if olwdkhu ighukd txifao;oGm;OD;r,f . . . }}
xkdpOf olhtmHku wpfpHkwpfckukd kwfw&uf EdI;aqmfvkdufojzifh XmecGJ\ tvHukd armhMunfhvkdufrd\/
xkw
d '*FtwGi;f rSmyif tajctae r[efaMumif; ol odvu
dk &f avNyD/ taMumif;rSm r*FvmtmrcHXmecG\
J rmefzaD eaom
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xkdpOf ajcoHwpfoH Mum;vkduf&NyD; . . .
]]b,fu acG;aumifvJuG . . . 'DrSm vmacsmif;aewm . . . ypnf;ckd;rvkdh vmacsmif;aewmvm; . . . ig
vkyfvkduf& aoawmhrSmyJ . . . }}
vifred u
f sufu xko
d \
l avoHonf zef;vif? &DvifEiS hf usm;avmifwu
hdk o
hJ hdk use;f pD;e,fom;rsm;\ avoHreS ;f
odvu
dk o
f nf/ xkahd Mumifh aemufov
hdk n
S rhf Munf&h aJ wmh/ csif;csef*P
kd ;f om; rsm;rSv
JG wpfyg;ol rjzpfEidk af wmh/ xkad e&mrS
vsifjrefpGm xGufcGmvkdufonf/ odkhaomf aemufbufrS vIyf&Sm;oHwpfck Mum;vkduf&NyD; rdrd\wifyg;ukd ajcaxmufjzifh
tuefcHvkduf&awmh\/
vifrdefusufonf kwfw&uf a'goxGufoGm;ojzifh jyefvSefwkdufcdkuf&ef pOf;pm;vkdufonf/ okdhaomf
wpfcsufukd jyefpOf;pm;rdjyefonf/
]]tif; . . . 'DXmecGJukd csif;csef*dkPf;u tykdifpD;xm;vkdufyHk&w,f . . . igvmwm[m olwkdheJh wkdufckdufzkdhvmwm
r[kwfbl;? ightazeJh tarukd u,fzkdhvmwm . . . ighajc&mvuf&m ay:oGm;vkdh rjzpfao;bl; . . . tif; . . igu
bmawG rcHcsifjzpfae&wmvJ? ajcaxmufeJh tuefcH&wmxufawmif tapmfum;cH? t&SufuGJcH &NyD;NyDyJ . . . igonf;
cHr,f . . . onf;cH&r,f . . . }}
olonf vHk;0okdif;ynmrwwfol wpfa,mufES,f [yfxkd;vJusvkduf&NyD; tm;wif; vl;vJx[ef
jyKvk d u f & onf / vif r d e f u suf t wG u f wpf c suf u H a umif ; oG m ;&jcif ; rS m ol h t m;uef v k d u f o l o nf v nf ;
okdif;ynmuGsrf;usifpGm wwfajrmufxm;olr[kwfjcif;aywnf;/
xkdhaMumifh vifrdefusuf [efaqmifjcif;ukd rnfokdhrQ r&dyfrdbJ &dSavonf/ xdkvlu w[m;[m; &,farm&if;rS
...
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. [m; . . . }}
vifrdefusufonf ajcwpfzufukd axmheif; axmheif;avQmufvkdufNyD; vrf;csdK;wpfckxJodkh 0ifNyD;
rsufjcnfjzwfvkduf&\/
vifrdefusuf\ pdwfxJwGif odaerdonf/
]]igh&efolawG[m ighem;ywfvnfrSmwif &dSaeMuwmyJ . . . ig ayghayghqqaevkdh rjzpfawmhbl; . . .
owdxm;&r,f . . . owdwpfcsufvGwfwmeJh igtowfcH&r,f . . . ighrdbawGukd u,fEkdifrSm r[kwfawmhbl; . .
. }}
xk d h a Mumif h ol h r suf E S m uk d npf y wf o nf x uf npf y wf a tmif xyf r H j yKvk y f v k d u f o nf / ol h u k d
vifrdefusufjzpfaMumif; rnfolrQ rodEkdifawmh[k ,HkMunfpdwfcsavmufonfhtcgrS vrf;ab;wpfae&mwGif
xkd;tdyfvkdufawmhonf/
tdyf&mrS Ekd;vmaomtcg rdk;csKyfpjyKaeavNyD/ wpfa,mufukd wpfa,mufMunfh vlvHk;roJuGJawmhay/
vifrdefusufonf vHk;0arSmifonfh tcsdeftxd apmifhqkdif;NyD; tmrcHXmecGJ&dS&mokkdh wpfausmhjyefvmawmhonf/
olonf XmecGJ\ 0if;eH&Hukd ckefausmf twGif;okdh0ifvkduf\/ XmecGJtaqmufttHkxJrS rnfonfhtoHrQ
rMum;&aomfvnf; vifrdefusufonf olhajcoHukd vHkEkdiforQ vHkatmifeif; twwfEkdifqHk; ukd,fazmhavQmufvm\/
tppt&m&m BudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif; jzpfojzifh tusdK;r,kwfEkdifaMumif; ol\ tawGhtBuHKrsm;u olhtm;
oifMum;jyo vsuf&dSaeNyD r[kwfygvm;/
54
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
ol o nf taqmuf t tH k x J o k d h tavmwBuD ; r0if b J 0if ; xJ r S avQmuf taqmuf t tH k B uD ; uk d
wpfywfywfMunfhvkdufonf/ xkdtcg ta&Shbuf jywif;aygufrS tvif;a&mifwpfck jzmxGufaeaMumif; kwfw&uf
awG hvdkuf&awmh\/ tem;okdh jznf;nif;pGm uyfMunfhvkdufaomtcgrl pum;ajymoHrsm;ukd Mum;vkduf&onf/
vifrdefusufonf t&JpGefhNyD; xkdjywif;aygufokdh uyfoGm;onf/ eH&HwGif ukd,fukdjym;aeatmif uyfum twGif;rS
pum;ajymoHrsm;ukd em;pku
d af xmifrad wmh\/ okrhd o
S m rdr\
d rdbrsm; owif; wpfpeG ;f wpfpukd &Ekid rf nf r[kwyf gvm;/
xkdtcg twGif;bufrS vlwpfa,mufu . . .
]]reufjzef rkd;vif;wmeJh . . . 'DXmecGJukd rD;dI hypfvkdufwm aumif;r,fuG . . . b,fhES,fvJ . . . }}
[k ajymonf/
aemufwpfa,muf\ toH . . .
]]rjzpfygbl;uGm . . . 'DwpfcgrD;dI hvkdhrjzpfawmhbl;uG . . . eefcsefNrdKhrSm rD;dIhvkdufwJh tjzpfukd arhoGm;yvm;
. . . ab;em;u tdrfawGukd rD;avmifukefawmh igwkdh csif;csef*dkPf;&Jh *kPfodumukd xdckdufEkdifw,fuG . . . }}
[k jyefajymonf/
vifrdefusuf\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tif; . . . wu,fhukd csif;csef*dkPf;&Jh vufcsufyJukd; . . . okdif;avmurSm *kPfodum&dSwJh *dkPf;BuD;qkdayr,fh
&ufawmh awmfawmfav;&ufpufwJh vlawGyJ . . . }}
[k ajymaerdonf/
yxrwpfa,muf\ pum;oHukd Mum;vkduf&jyefonf/
]]rD;rdI hbJ 'Dtwdkif;yJ xm;cJhrvkdhvm; . . . rjzpfbl;eJh wlw,f . . . r*FvmtmrcHXme qkdwmukd
tjywf&Sif;ypfcJh&rSm . . . }}
aemufwpfa,mufu w[m;[m; &,farm&if; . . .
]]rif;uvnf; pkd;&drfp&mr&dS pdk;&drfaejyefNyD . . . tckvnf; wkdhu tjywf&Sif;ypfcJhwmyJ . . . 'Dxuf
tjywf&Sif;wm&dSOD;rvm;? olwdkh&Jh tjrifhjrwfqHk; tvHae&mrSm rdef;rabmif;bDwpfxnf csdwfxm;NyD;NyDyJ . . . rD;dI
hp&m vkdao;vkdhvm; . . . tck igwkdh vkyfxm;wmu rD;dIhwmxufawmif ykdaumif;ao;w,f . . . [m; . . . [m; .
. . 'DaumifawG okdif;avmurSm evHrxlEkdifawmhygbl;uGm? olwkdhrSm wkdhudk ,SOfEkdifp&mvnf; r&dS . . r&dSvkdh NidrfcHaeawmh
odumus . . . bmukd rD;dIhae&awmhrSmvJ . . . [m; . . . [m; . . . [m; . . . }}
yxrvlonf aemufvl &Sif;jyonfukd oabmusvufcHoGm;onf/ olu . . .
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[m; . . . [m; . . . [m; . . . }}
twefMum NidrfoufaeNyD;aemuf yxrqHk;pum; pwifajymol\ avoHukd jyefMum;&\/
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rif;owd&ao;&Jv
h m;? igwkhd ,lomG ;&r,hf vufaqmifypn;f ukv
d nf; pOf;pm;OD;aemf . . . 'Dowif;u odyjf refveG ;f w,f
. . . aemufNyD; &ufuvnf; odyfuyfaeawmh q&mhukdawmif taMumif;rMum;Ekdifawmhbl; . . . ta&;BuD;wmu
vufaqmifypnf;yJ . . . vufaqmifypnf; tzkd;rwefbJ jzpfae&if igwkdh csif;csef*kdPf;odumus aeOD;r,f . . .}}
xkdtcg 'kwd,vl\ &,foHukd vifrdefusufMum;vkduf&\/
]]pdwfylraeprf;ygeJhuGm . . . vufaqmifypnf;awGukd igpDpOfNyD;ygNyD . . . pdwfat;at;omxm; . . . igwkdh
csif;csef*kdPf;&Jhodum vHk;0rusap&bl; . . . rif;aoaocsmcsm odxm;zkdhu tck csHK;qef;*dkPf;q&mBuD; vQdusufzkef;&Jh
vufaq;r*FvmyGJrSm igwkdh&Jh vufaqmifypnf;u tm;vHk;ypnf;awGxuf wefzkd;&dSrSmuG . . . wjcm;oltm;vHk;xuf
rsufESm&ap&r,f . . . pdwfomcs}}
od k i f ; avmuwG i f tpOf t vmwpf c k &d S o nf / 0g&if h o k d i f ; q&mBuD ; rsm; touf t &G , f B uD ; rm;
tkrd if;vmaomtcgwGiv
f nf;aumif;? okrhd [kwf okid ;f avmu\ rsm;ajrmifvaS om udp0 pd r sm;wGif ryg0ifcsiaf wmhonfh
tcgwGifvnf;aumif;? okdif;avmurS tNyD;tykdif xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/ okdif;avmurS xGufcGmonf qkd&mwGif
ok d i f ; orm;wpf a ,muf t aejzih f r[k w f a wmh b J omref v l w pf a ,muf t jzpf aexk d i f & ef y if j zpf o nf /
55
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xkdodhkaexkdifawmhrnfqkdvQif vufaq;r*Fvm[laom tcrf;tem;ukd usif;y&onf/ xdkvufaq;r*Fvm
tcrf;tem;wGif okdif;avmurS rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif; tm;vHk;ukd zdwfac:&\/
xkdpOf yxr wpfa,mufu . . .
]]rif;u vufaqmifypn;f awG tqifoifjh yifqifxm;NyDvo
hdk m qkw
d ,f . . . igvnf; bmrS rawG &h ao;ygvm;
. . . }}
aemufvlu auseyftm;&pGm &,fNyD; &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
]]igwkdhtdwfxJu pkdufxkwfay;zkdh rvkdygbl;uG . . . 'Dr*Fvm tmrcHXmecGJukd odrf;ykdufvkdufawmh ypnf;awG
tawmfuav;&vkdufwmyJ . . . 'DrSm Munfhprf; . . . ausmufpdrf;jrif;kyfwpfpHk? b,favmuftoufygovJ . . .
[if; . . . [if; . . . [if; . . . wefzkd;uvnf; renf;bl;uGaemf . . . tpuawmh igu q&mhukd ay;rvkdh
pdwful;xm;wmyJ . . . tckawmh vQdKusufzkef;ukdyJ vufaqmifypnf;tjzpf ay;&awmhrSmyJ . . . q&muvnf;
auseyfrSmyg. . .}}
vifrdefusufurl em;axmif&if; a'goxGufaerdonf/ olhpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]vwfpowfawmh . . . csif;csef*dkPf;u aumifawGtm;vHk;[m vlqkd;eJh vl,kwfrmawGcsnf;ygyJvm; . . .
'DaumifawGu igwkdh&Jh tmrcHXmecGJukd odrf;ydkufNyD; &wemawGukdyg vk,lxm;wmukd; . . . }}
[k awG;aerdonf/
xkdpOf yxrvl\ toHukd Mum;&jyefonf/
]]a[ . . . 'Dwpfcg q&mu igwkdh*dkPf;wl nDtpfukd q,fhajcmufa,mufudk vTwfvkdufwJh txJrSm
igwkdhESpfa,muf&wJh ypnf;awGu trsm;qHk;jzpfvdrfhr,fuG . . . ighukd rif;eJh wGJvTwfvkdufwm ightzkdhtawmf[efus
oGm;wmyJ . . . }}
aemufwpfa,mufu . . .
]]rif;u bmrSrpOf;pm;wwfyu
J ;dk uG . . . tpfuzdk ef;vifehJ &Dvifwhdk tzGJ u
h zku
d sdK;NrdKu
h r*FvmtmrcHXmecsKyfudk
odrf;vkdufMuwm . . . olwkdhu igwkdhESpfa,mufxuf ydk&rSmayghuG . . . 'gayr,fh olwkdhtzkdh &wmeJh umrdrSm
r[kwfbl; odvm;? q&muawmfav;&Jh om;av;aooGm;wm olwkdhtzkdh uHawmfawmfqkd;oGm;w,f . . . q&mu
olwkdhukd tjypfay;rSm taotcsmyJ . . . q&muawmfav;uawmh b,fvkdrS cGifhvTwfrSm r[kwfbl;uG . . . }}
[kajymonf/
yxrwpfa,mufu . . .
]]a[h . . . q&mrSmxm;wJhtcsufukd owd&&Jhvm; . . . igwkdh awmifay:u rqif;cifwkef;u q&mu
aoaocsmcsm rSmvkdufw,f . . . r*FvmtmrcHXmerSm vltiftm;rsm;w,fwJh . . . aemufNyD; olwdkh&Jh rsdK;dk;tarGjzpfwJh
bDvl;rD;okdif;uGufuvnf; odyfaMumufp&maumif;w,fwJh . . . uJ . . . Munfhprf;ygOD; . . . tckusawmh
b,favmufvG,faeovJ . . . 'Dwpfcg q&mhcefhrSef;csuf a&a&vnfvnfrSm;oGm;wmyJ . . . }}
[k ajymjyefonf/
vifrdefusufrSm em;axmifae&if; acGs;oD;acGs;aygufrsm;usvmawmhonf/ olhpdwfxJwGif . . .
]][if . . . ol . . . olwkdh csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG[m igwkdh r*FvmtmrcHXmeukd wkdufckdufzkdh
oufoufqif;vmMuwmukd; olwdkhu tapmBuD;uwnf;u jyifqifxm;NyD;NyDyJ . . . igu a&Smif&Dudk owfrdawmh
olwkdhtzkdh tuGuf0ifoGm;NyD; pdwf&dSvuf&dS ,kwfrmEkdifawmhwmukd; . . . igu a&Smif&Dukd rowfrd&ifvnf; olwdkhu
wku
d cf u
dk Mf uawmhrmS yJ . . . igwkXhd meeJh csi;f cse*f P
kd ;f bm&efNidK;rsm;&dcS v
hJ v
hdk J . . . bmjzpfvrhdk sm; 'Davmuf &uf&ufpufpuf
vkyf&wmvJ rodbl; . . .}}
[k ajymaerdawmhonf/
xkdpOf 'kwd,vl\toHu ay:vmonf/
]]a[haumif . . . rif;q&mhukd rapmfum;eJh . . . 'gu q&m rSm;oGm;wm r[kwfbl;uG . . . [kdwkef;u olwdkh&Jh
r*FvmtmrcHXme b,favmufemrnfBuD;cJhw,f rSwfovJ . . . wu,fhokdif;ynmtppf&dSxm;vkdhayghuG . . . 'gayr,hf
aemufydkif; om;vufxuf? ajr;vufxuf a&mufvmawmh olwkdh&Jh ab;bkd;awG&Jh ajc&mukd rrDawmhbl; . . . 'gaMumifh
q&mhcefhrSef;csuf vGJoGm;wmuG . . . }}
56
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusufrSm xkdpum;rsm;ukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg rsufESmrsm; xlylvmonf txd &Sufpdwf0ifrdawmh\/
xkdoluyif qufvufajymjyefonf/
]]igwk d h
awmif a y:u
rqif ; cif w k e f ; u
q&muigwk d h u k d
bD v l ; rD ; "m;ok d i f ; eJ h
rdk;[def;vuf0g;apmif;okdif;uGufawGukd upm;cdkif;cJhw,f r[kwfvm; . . . tJ'g q&mu a&Sha&;BudKjrifvkdh
BudKoifay;wmuG . . . wu,fvhdk igwkhd bDv;l rD;"m;okid ;f wk?hd rk;d [de;f vuf0g;apmif;okid ;f wkehd hJ awG &h if aMumifraeatmif
t&ifoifay;xm;wm . . . 'gayr,hfuGm r*FvmtmrcHXme&Jh *dkPf;acgif;aqmifBuD; ukd,fwkdifvnf; olwkdh&Jh
bkd;ab;okdif;ynmukd tpHktvif&cJh[ef rwlygbl;uGm . . . 'gaMumifhrkdhvnf; tpfukdzef;vif&Jh tusOf;om;awG
jzpfcJh&wmaygh . . . }}
xkdtcg yxrwpfa,mufu &,f . . .
]]'gawG xm;vkdufygawmh . . . tpfukd zef;vifwkdhu vifusefeefwkdh vifr,m;ukd zrf;rdxm;NyD r[kwfvm;
. . . csif;csefawmifukd rjyefbJeJh [kdvifr,m;udk bmjzpfvkdh csHK;qef;awmifukd ac:oGm;&wmvJ . . .}}
[k ar;vkdufonf/
aemufvluvnf; &,fyif jyefajzonf/
]]rif;uav wu,ft wJhaumifyJ? vQdKusufzkef;&Jh vufaq;r*FvmyGJrSm *dkPf;aygif;pHk a&mufvmusrSm
r[kwfvm;? tpfukd zef;vifwkdhu r*Fvm tmrcHXme acgif;aqmifBuD;ukd olwkdh acsrIef;zrf;qD; NyD;NyDqkdwm
xkwfBuGm;csifvkdh 'DcsHK;qef;awmifay:ukd ac:oGm;wmayghuG . . .}}
yxrvl\ pum;oHukd Mum;vkduf&jyefonf/
]]tpfukd zef;vifwkdh &Dvifwkdhuawmh xm;ygawmh . . . [kd usm;avmif qkdwJhaumifukdawmh igMunfhvkdhr&bl;
. . . 'Daumifu okdif;ynmrawmfbJeJh MuGm;wJhae&mrSmawmh yxrwef;xJuyJ/
xkdhaemuf xkdolESpfa,mufonf tcef;rSrD;ukd rIwfNidrf;vkdufNyD; tdyfoGm;Mu[efjzifh NidrfoufoGm;awmh\/
57
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tcef;(6)
vufaq;r*FvmyGJ
vifrdefukwf tvGefaysmfoGm;jyD; c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; rdbrsm;\owif;udk pHk;prf;axmufvSrf;cJh&m
tpteyif r&cJh/ ,ck rarQmfvifhyJESifh rdbrsm;\owif;udk &vdkufNyD/ ,aeYn vm&usdK;eyfNyD/
ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufvsuf &SdaeNyDjzpf vifrdefusuftaejzifh t&rf;uma&m
rvSyk &f mS ;&Jacs/ tb,fah Mumifq
h akd omf olYxrH S toHuav;wpfcsuf xGuo
f mG ;NyD; [dEk pS af ,muf od&o
dS mG ;ygu vSvBS uD;
tusdK;enf;ayawmhrnf/
xd k U aMumif h jywif ; ayguf a tmuf w G i f Nid r f o uf p G m xd k i f [d k E S p f a ,muf td y f a ysmf o G m ;onf t xd
apmifhae&awmh\/
twefMumrS a[mufoHrsm;Mum;&onf/ tdyfarmusoGm;onfY vuPmrsm;aywnf;/ xdktcgusrS
vifrdefusuf jznf;nif;pGm &yfvdkufonf/ jywif;wHcg;aygufrsm;zGifhxm;onfudkvn;f awGU&onf/
odkif;orm;rsm;jzpfojzifh rnfolYudkrQ *kpdkufp&mrvdk[laom rxDrJhjrifpdwfxm;jzifh odkYzGifhxm;[efwl\/
vifrdefusufonf wxdwfxdwf &ifckefae&if;rS awG;vdkufrdonf/
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ESpfjcdKufpGm tdyfarmusaeMuaom vlESpfa,mufudk awGYvdkuf&awmh\/
wpfa,mufrmS acgif;ajymifajymifEiS jhf zpfjyD; aemufxyfwpfa,mufrmS rsucf ;kH xlx?l rkwq
f w
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ESpfa,mufpvHk; vlqdk;vl,kwfrmyHk aygufaeonfuawmh trSefyif/
ckwifMum;wGif txkyfig;xkyf csxm;jyD; "m;ESpfvufu txkyfab;em;wGif &Sdae\/vifrdefusufonf
xdk"m;ESpfvufteufrS "m;wpfvufudk qGJ,lvdkufjyD; vufxJ "m;udk qMunfhvdkuf\/ pdwfxJwGifvnf; .......
]]'D"m;eJU wpfa,mufwpfcsufpD ckwfvdkufwmeJY i&Jjynf wpfcgwnf; a&mufoGm;awmhrSmyJ ..}}
58
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
olonf "m;udkqGJajrmufvdkufonf/ wpfa,mufwpfcsuf tjyD;tjywf ckwfcs&ef ajrmufvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf olYacgif;xJodkY tawG;wpfck 0ifvmojzifh olYvufonf avxJ ajrmufvsufwef;vef;MuD; jzpfaeonf/
]]tdyfaewJhvludk ckwfowfwm a,musfm;aumif;wdkY&JU tvkyfr[kwfbl; .... aemifwpfcsdefrSm igwdkYrsdK;&dk;
odkif;ynmudk xHk;vkdacs ..... a&vdkaESmufatmif oifjyD;rS 'DaumifawGudk wpfa,mufcsif; jyefowfr,f ....}}
vifrdefusufonf txkyfig;xkyfpvHk;udk ausmay:wGifvG,fvdkufonf/ oludkifxm;aom "m;udk cg;wGif
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c&D;ESifawmh\/
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pdwfESvHk;aemufusdae&onfh &ufrsm;onf &SnfMumcJh&jyD/ ,ckwpf&ufonfom olYtzdkY pdwfvuftayghyg;qHk;ESifh
t&Tifvef;qHk;&ufwpf&ufjzpfcJh&onf/
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jznfhwif;jcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/ pm;aomufjyD;aomtcgusrS txkyfwpfxkyfudk tomt,majzvdkufonf/
xdktxkyfxJwGif a&T'*Fg;ESifh &wemrsm; ygaeonf/
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olYtwGuf a&Sma&Sm&SK&SK pm;0ifaom xrif;wpfeyfjzpf&ayonf/
,cktcsderf pS awmif;&rf;pm;aomuf&ef rvdak wmh? rdrpd w
d Mf udKuf 0,f,pl m;aomuf Edik af yjyD/ pm;aomufjcif;
trSkudpNyD;pD;aomtcg c&D;quf&jyef\/
rsm;rMumrD Nrd K Yi,f u av;wpf N rd K Yod k Y a&muf v mawmh o nf / wnf ; cd k c ef ; wpf c k u d k &S m azG
0if a &muf w nf ; cd k v d k u f o nf / rd r d \ tcef ; wG i f ; od k Y a&muf v maomtcg ol u txk y f i g;xk y f p vH k ; ud k
ajzMunfhvkdufonf/
ig;xkyfpvHk; aT? aiGESifh &wemypnf;rsm;csnf;om jzpfonf/ ypnf;rSm olwdkY r*FvmtmrcHXme\
ypn;f rsm;csnf;jzpfonf/ vl,w
k rf mESpaf ,mufu XmecGu
J kd odr;f ydu
k Nf yD; ypn;f rsm;udk armifyikd pf ;D xm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/
vifrdefusufonf txkyfig;xkyfudk pkpnf; wpfxkyfwnf;jzpfatmif jyKvkyfvdkufonf/ a&SYc&D;pOftwGufvnf;
MudKwifpOf;pm;onf/
]]ig 'Dvdk rem;wrf;c&D;oGm;ae&if igrarmayr,fh jrif;uawmh armrSmyJ ....'Dawmh jrif;ESpfaumif xyf0,fjyD;
c&D;qufrSmyJ .... wpfaumifarm&if wpfaumifvJvS,fpD;Edkifwmaygh}}
odkYESifh jrdKUxJ0ifum jrif;ESpfaumif0,fvdkufonf/ jrif;oHk;aumifudkwpfvSnfhpDpD; aeYnrjywf
c&D;ESifawmhonf/ rnfrQtxd tyifyef;cH c&D;qufoenf;qdkaomf olonf wpf&uftwGif; av;em&Dom
tdyfpuftem;,lNyD; c&D;qufonf/
&uftenf;i,f MumaomtcgwGif vifrdefusufonf csHK;qef;awmifem;odkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/
NrdKUxJodkY0ifvdkufonfESifh odkif;avmuom;rsm;vSkyfvSkyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaeMuonfudkawGUjrif&\/
olowdtxm;&qH;k vlrsm;rSm zefvifEiS hf &DvifwYkdEpS af ,muf jzpfojzifh vlMum;xJ vrf;avQmufonft
h cgwdik ;f
acgif;iHkYvrf;avQmufonf/
twd k i f ; vrf ; avQmuf a erjzpf o jzif h wnf ; cd k c ef ; rsm;ud k v k d u f & S m &awmh o nf / wnf ; cd k c ef ;
oHk;ckawGU&aomfvnf; oHk;ckpvHk;vljynfhaejyDjzpf olYtzdkY tcef;r&bJjzpfaeawmhonf/ wnf;cdkcef;wpfckrS qdkif&Sifu
rQ vlrsm; rsm;jym;aeonfhudpudk &Sif;jyonf/
]]aemufoHk;&ufqdk&if q&mBuD; vQdKusufzkef;&JU vufaq;r*FvmyGJ usif;yr,fh&ufudk a&mufawmhr,fqdkawmh
qdkifwdkif;vkdvdk vljynfhaewmaygh .... wjcm;qdkifrSm oGm;pHk;prf;MunfhygtHk;q&mav; ....}}
aemufqHk;wGif vifrdefusuftzdkY usOf;usyfao;auG;aomtcef;av;wpfck &vdkufawmhonf/
]]ighrsufEmS b,favmufyn
J pfywfatmif vkyNf yD;kyzf sufxm;ayr,fh zef;vifqw
kd ahJ umifuawmh odyv
f sifawmh
ighudk aumif;aumif;rSwfrdEdkifw,f.... rjzpfao;bl; ... wpfckckawmhvkyfOD;rS}}
59
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
odYk jzifh vifred u
f suo
f nf rsuEf mS jyKjyifonfh aq;rsm;0,fum olYyk u
f kd kyzf suaf vawmhonf/ olYrsuEf mS udk
rSefxJ jyefMunfhrdaomtcg olyif xdwfvefYrdavmufatmif kyfqdk;aeaMumif; awGUvkduf&ojzifh pdwfauseyfoGm;\/
ol\ &wemxkyfudkrl aemufausmwGif tom;uyfcsnfvkdufNyD; tay:rS tuFsDwpfxyf 0wfvdkuf\/ xdktcg
vifrefusufrSm kyf&nfacsmarmvSaom vluav;wpfa,muf r[kwfawmhbJ aMumufrufzG,f tkyfqdk;vSaom
cg;ukef;BuD;wpfa,muftoGifrsdK; ajymif;vJoGm;awmhonf/
vifrdefusufonf ol\toGiftjyif kyfvuPmudk tvGeftm;& auseyfaeonf/
]]tckae ... ightazeJU tarwdkUu ighudkawGUwmawmif rSwfrdMuawmhrSmr[kwfbl; ....}}
pm;aomufNyD;aomtcg tajctae pHkprf;axmufvSrf;&ef vifrdefusuf tjyifodkYxGufawmh\/ NrdKU
odkif;orm;rsm; wufMuGpGm vSKyf&Sm;aeMuojzifh olYrdcifESifh zcifwdkYudk awGUEdkifvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhxm;rdonf/
xdkYjyif csif;csef*dkPf;\ owif;udkvnf; pHkprf;&aytHk;rnf/
xdkpOf rarQmfvifhyJESifh wa0ga0g rdk;GmoGef;awmh\/ vifrdefusufonf qdkifwpfqdkifrS carmufwpfvHk;udk
0,f,al qmif;um qdik u
f av;wpfqikd t
f wGi;f rd;k 0ifcv
kd u
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k ufzuf&nf qdik u
f av;wGif vlrsm;jynfEh u
S af e\/
vifred u
f sufu axmifeh m;&Sd pm;yGw
J pfv;kH wGix
f ikd v
f u
kd o
f nf/ vufzuf&nfwpfcu
G rf mS aomuf&if;rdr\
d qd;k &Gm;vSaom
uHMurmudkjyefvnf pOf;pm;rdaerdonf/ xdkpOf aemufbufrS vlwpfa,muf\toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]cg;ukef;BuD; ..... usKyfwdkY 'DrSm0ifxdkifvdkYjzpfygw,faemf}}
xdkvlonf cGifhawmifNyD;onfESifh vifrdefusuf\tajzudk rapmifhawmhyJ 0ifxdkif vdkufawmhonf/ olESifhtwl
aemufxyfvlESpfa,mufvnf; 0ifxdkifvdkufjyefonf/
xdkvl oHk;a,mufpvHk;onf tuFsDeufrsm; 0wfqifxm;NyD;cg;ay:wGifvnf; "m;wpfacsmif;pDcsdwfxm;aMumif;
awGU&Sd&\/ xdkvloHk;a,mufpvHk;onf vifrdefusuftm; vHk;0*krpdkufbJ olwdkYbmomajymcsif&majymMuawmh\/
vli,fwpfa,mufu .....
]]tpfudkBuD; .... 'Dwpfcg q&mBuD;vQdKusufzkef;&JU vufaq;r*Fvm[m awmfawmfuav; BuD;us,frSmyJaemf...
r*FvmyGJvkyfzdkY oHk;&ufawmifvdkao;w,f .... tckMunfhprf; .... csHK;qef;NrdKUwpfNrdKYvHk; vlawGeJYjynfaeNyD..}}
tajymcH&onfhvlrSm rsufpdwpfbufurf;aeonf/
xdkvlu ....
]]'gaygh .... csHK;qef;*dkPf;qdkwmu odkif;avmurSmemrnfBuD;wpf*dkPf;udkuG .... awmifBuD;ig;vHk;rSm&SdwJh
*dkPf;ig;*dkPf;udk pkpnf;vdkufawmh odkif;avmurSm olwdkYu emrnfodyfBuD;oGm;wmaygh .... aemufNyD; q&mBuD;
vQdKusufzkef;udk,fwdkifu odkif;avmurSm emrnfBuD; odkif;orm;wpfa,mufyJ .... olwdkYcsHKqef;*dkPf;rSm *dkPf;csKyfBuD;
armwm;uvG&J if olu tawmfq;kH yJuG .... 'gaMumifo
h Yl ukd csHKqef;*dP
k ;f &JU 'kw,
d tawmfq;kH odik ;f orm;vdYk ajymMuw,f
.... 'gaMumifhvnf; olY&JUvufaq;r*FvmyGJudk vlwdkif;vdkvdk vmcsifMuwmaygh ....}}
aemufwpfa,mufrSm rkwfqdwfjzLESifhvljzpf\/ xdkrkwfqdwfjzLu ....
]]vQdKusufzek ;f u 'Dvkd vufaq;r*Fvmvkyv
f u
kd af wmh aemufqkd ol[m omrefvw
l pfa,mufvdk jzpfomG ;NyDaygh
.... 'DjrdKUuvlawGu oleJY b,faygif;oif; qufqHcsifawmh rvJ ....}}
vli,fu ....
tpfudkBuD;ajymovdk r[kwfbl; .... vQdKusufzkef;u ....aemufqdk omrefvlwpfa,muf jzpfoGm;NyDqdkayr,fh
.... ol u csH K qef ; *d k P f ; &J U eH y gwf E S p f y k * d K vf y J .... vQd K usuf z k e f ; eJ Y aygif ; oif ; quf q H &wJ h v l [ m
csHK;qef;*dkPf;eJYqufqH&ovkd *kPf&SdwmygyJ ....}}
xdktcg rkwfqdwfjzLu ceJYjyHK; jyHK;&if; ....
]]'Dvdkqdk&if igwdkY 'DNrdKUvmwmuvnf; awmif;BuD;ig;vHk;*dkPf;ig;*dkPf;eJY qufqHcsifvdkYaygh [kwfvm; ....}}
rsufpdwpfbufurf;u .....
]]tpfudkBuD; 'DvdkrajymeJYav .... tm;vHk; odkif;avmuom;csif;awGyJ? odkif;avmuqdkwmu taygif;toif;
rdwfaqGo*F[rsm;av aumif;avr[kwfvm; .... awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;[m odkif;ynmodyfawmfMuvdkY
usefwv
hJ al wGukd rav;rpm;vkyo
f vm;qdw
k mudk qef;ppfMunf&h r,f .... olwUkd qufqw
H m Munfyh gvm; .... tm;vH;k udk
wav;wpm; qufqHwmyJ .... odkif;avmuom;awGudk vHk;0txifrao;bl; .... 'Dvdkom olwdkY txifao;NyD;
60
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
qufqHcJh&if 'DaeY csHK;qef;awmifudk odkif;avmuom;awG 'Davmufb,fvmawmhrvJ ....}}
vifrdefusufonf xdkolrsm;quf avaMum&Snfap&ef qkawmif;aerdonf/ odkUrSom awmifBuD;ig;vHk;
*dP
k ;f ig;*dP
k ;f \ taMumif;pHu
k kd yd
k odEikd af yvdrrhf nf/ olu quf ajymapcsifumrS xdv
k rl sm;onf qufrajymawmhyJ
EIwfydwfoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkpOf vifrdefusuf\ taemufbufpm;yGJrS toHwpfck ay:vmonf/
]]OD;av; .... csHK;qef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD; vQdKusufzkef;u toufig;q,fausmfav; &Sdao;wm .... 'Dtcsdef[m
odkif;ynm tjrifhrm;qHk;tcsdef? txufjrufqHk;tcsdefyJ? olu bmjzpfvdkY odkif;avmu u xGufvdkuf&wmvJ ....
olY&JU odkif;ynmawG[m tv[ ESajrmp&m ....}}
tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf\ jyefajzoHudkvnf;Mum;&jyefonf/
]]odkif;avmurSm 'Dvdkvufaq;r*Fvm vkyfw,fqdkwm taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f .... olwdkYu wpfoufvHk;
"m;eJY aoG;eJY oHo&mvnfvmMuwJh vlawGqdkawmh &efolawGu odyfaygwm .... wpfrdepfavmuf toufBuD;vmav
&ef o l w pf a ,muf wd k ; vmavqd k o vd k jzpf c J h M u&wm .... vl w pf a ,muf [ m td k B uD ; td k r tG , f u sawmh r S
b,fuay:vmrSef;rodwJh&efoludk wxdwfxdwfeJY apmifh&wJhtjzpfrsdK;[m b,faumif;EdkifawmhrSmvJ .....}}
tbdk;BuD;onf ol\pum;udk acw&yfwefYvdkufNyD; vufzuf&nfqdkiftwGif;odkY rsufvHk;wpfcsuf
a0hMunfhvdkufonf/ vltawmfrsm;rsm; udk,fhudp udk,fawG;ae[ef aqmifaeMuaomfvnf; olYpum;udk
pdwf0ifpm;aeaMumif; owdjyKrdojzifh jyHK;&if; olYpum;ukd xyfqufonf/
]]'Dawmh 'DtjzpfrsdK;u vGwfuif;atmif b,fvdkvkyf&ovJ 'guvnf; &Sif;&Sif;av;yg .... tckvdk
vQdKusufzkef;vdkyJaygh .... odkif;avmuom;awGudk zdwfac:NyD; aMujimvdkufw,f .... 'DaeYupNyD; vufeufqdkvdkY
tyf w d k w pf a csmif ; awmif rud k i f a wmh b l ; qd k w J h o abmaygh .... tJ ' D v k d aMujimjyD ; jyD q d k & if ol Y tay:
wHkYjyefaMuG;wifaewJhvlawGudk aMumufp&mrvdkawmhbl; .... olu wHkYjyefaMuG;qyfp&m&Sdvnf; rqyf&awmhbl; ....
tJ'gyJ wHkYjyefaMuG;tm;vHk;udk olYbufudk,fhbuf oifykef;acsvdkufwJhoabmyJ ....}}
vli,fu xyfar;jyefonf/
]]OD;av; .... vQdKusufzkef;u olrsm;tay: cGifhvTwfvdkufNyDqdkwmawmh xm;ygawmh .... wu,fvdkY olrsm;u
olYtay: cGifhrvTwfyJ vmowf&ifawmh tyfwdkwpfacsmifawmif rudkifawmhbl;qdkawmh b,fhES,fckcHrvJ .....
taocHrvm; .....}}
xdktcg tbdk;BuD;onf jyufvHk;wpfckudk Mum;vkduf&onfhtvm; w[m;[m;&,farm&if; ....
]]rif;wdkYvli,fawG[m .... tjzpfwpfck&JU taMumif;quftusdK;qufudk rsufarT;av;wpfqHk;wif
MunfhMuwmudk; ..... tjzpfwpfck&JU taMumif;quf tusdK;qufudkrsufpdwpfqHk;MunfhrS tajzrSef&Edkifw,fuG,fh ....
olrsm;u rif;udv
k mowf&if rif;uvnf;pif;NyD; taocHrmS vm; .... csKH ;qef;vdk emrnfBuD;wJ*h P
kd ;f vkrd sKd ;? vQKd usuzf ek ;f vdk
odik ;f ynmtvGejf rifrh m;wJh vlrsdK;udk b,fou
l pGeUf NyD; &efomG ;&Sm&JrmS vJ .... olu olrsm;udk &efr&Smawmhygbl;qdw
k mudyk J
awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u aus;Zl;wifaeMurSm .... vQdKusufzkef;ukdxnfhrwGufbl;qdkwmawmif olY&JUom;orD; .....
wynfhwyrf; aqGrsdK;rdwfo*F[ qdkwmawGudk rwGufyJaevdkYr&bl; .... 'DvlawGuvnf; ayghao;ao;rSr[kwfwm
....}}
xdkpOf wpfbufcHkrSvl&G,fvlvwfwpfa,mufu ....
]]usKyfvmwkef;u vrf;c&D;rSm owif;oefYoefU Mum;vdkuf&w,f .... vQdKusufzkef; odkif;avmuu
xGufvdkufwm[m .... rwwfomvGef;vdkY xGufvdkuf&wmwJh ....}}
rsufpdwpfbufurf;u xdkvl&G,fudk vSrf;Munfh&if; ar;vdkufonf/
]]b,fvdkrsm; Mum;vdkuf&ovJ .... rdwfaqG ajymjyygvm;? owif;xl;qdk&if tm;vHk;vnf; odoGm;Muwmaygh
....}}
xdkvlu wpfcsufjyHK; ....
]]'kuqdkwm tjrJwrf; csdKMuD;eJY 0ifvmwmr[kwfbl;As .... wpfcgwpf&H yg;pyfuaevnf; xGufvmwwfw,f
.... 'Dvdkpum;rsdK;u vrf;c&D;rSmom ajymvdkUaumif;wm ....odkif;orm;awG 'DavmufpHkaewJh csHKqef;jrdKUxJrSm
ajymvdkYawmhrjzpfbl;AsdKU ....}}
61
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
[kajymvdkuf\/
xdktcg tjcm;xdkifcHkwpfckrS 00zdkifhzdkifh vlMuD;wpfa,mufus,favmifaomtoHjzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]'Dudpudk odwJhvl renf;ygbl;Asm .... cifAsm;u 'Dpum;av;ajymzdkYrsm; aps;udkifaevdkufwm .... owif;u
'DvdkAsdKU .... vQdKusufzkef;u odkif;ynmodyfawmfvdkY .... rdwfaqGo*F[awGaygvGef;vdkY okdif;avmuuae
EIwfxGufoGm;wmAs ....}}
]]b,f v d k v J A sm .... od k i f ; ynm od y f a wmf w meJ Y rd w f a qG o*F [ aygwmeJ Y yJ od k i f ; avmuu
EIwfxGuf&owJhvm;Asm .... xl;qef;vScsnfvm; ....}}
00zdkifhzdkifhvlMuD;u auseyftm;&aom avoHjzifh .....
]]taMumif;t&if;udk rod&ifawmh xl;qef;aewmaygh .... taMumif;t&if;odwJhtcgusawmhvnf;
rxl;qef;awmhygbl;}}
[k ajym\/
tjcm;vlwpfa,mufu odcsifaZmjzifh ar;jref;onf/
]]taMumif;&if;qdkwmu bmvJAs ....}}
00zdkifhzdkifhvlMuD;onf jyHK;jidrfaevdkufonf/ odcsifolrsm;\ pdwfqE rdk;rGjzpfatmif vkyfaejcif;yif
jzpfonf/
xdkpOf tjcm;0dkif;rS ydefydefyg;yg;vlwpfa,mufu at;wdat;pufavoHjzifh
]]tvum;ygAsm .... 'DvlMuD;u bmrS odwmvJr[kwfygbl;? avoHMum;uav;eJY tm;vHk;odoa,mif
avQmufajymaewm? wu,fodwmrS r[kwfbJ .... cifAsm;wdkYu tvum; oGm;ar;aeMuw,f ....}}
xdkudkvlydef\pum;onf 0zdkifhaomvlMuD;\tIdufudk xdk;vdkufaompum;rsm;yifjzpfawmh\/ vl0MuD;u
rcHr&yfEdkifatmfvdkufonf/
]]b,f o l v J ..... usKyf r od b l ; vd k Y ajymwm? vQd K usuf z k e f ; od k i f ; avmuuxG u f w m
olwdkY*dkPf;&JUtusdK;udka&SUINyD;xGufwmAs .... olwdkY*dkPf;om;tcsif;csif; pdwf0rf;uGJNyD; jyemwuf rSmpdk;vdkYxGufwm
odMu&JUvm; ....}}
wcsdKUu ....
]]bmjyemjzpfp&m&SdovJ ....}}
[kar;\/
wcsdKUu ....
]]*dkPf;wlnDtpfudk tcsif;csif; roifhjrwfMuvdkYvm;}}
[kar;jref;\/
vl0BuD;u ....
]]tjyif v l a wG u ajymMuwmawmh csH K qef ; *d k P f ; rS m vQd K usuf z k e f ; u eH y gwf E S p f w J h .... 'gayr,f h
olwdkY*dkPf;om;awG olxm;Muwmuawmh wpfrsdK;wJh .... vQdKusufzkef;&JU "m;odkif;u *dkPf;csKyfq&mMuD; armfwm;&JU
"m;odkif;xuf trsm;MuD;omw,fwJh .... *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u "m;wpfcsufwnf;eJU odrf;iSufoHk;aumifudk xdk;csEdkifw,fqdkyJ
.... vQdKusufzkef;&JU wynfhawGuvnf; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;armfwm&JU wynfhawGxufawmif ydkawmfowJh ....
'Dtajctaetwdkif; aemufxyfESpfESpfavmufom qufoGm;&if vQdKusufzkef; u csHK;qef;*dkPf;acgif;aqmifMuD;
jzpfoGm;rSmaocsmowJh .... 'DudpeJY yufoufNyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; armfwmeJY vQdKusufzkef;wdkY y#dyujzpfMuao;owJh
..... vQdKusufzkef;u rsdKdk;pOfqufuMuG,f0vmwJhvlqdkawmh *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk rrufbl; .... 'gaMumifh tavQmhay;jyD;
odkif;avmuu EIwfxGufvdkufwmyJwJh .... uJ ..... tJ'g usKyf Mum;cJh&wJhowif;yJ ....}}
vl 0 MuD ; onf S n f v sm;pG m pum;ajymvd k u f & ojzif h armyef ; oG m ;[ef j zif h a&aEG M urf ; wpf c G u f u d k
aumufumaomufaeawmh\/
vlwpfcsdKUu ....
]]aMomf ....'Dvdkudk;}}
[k tmar!dwfjyKMuonf/
62
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
vlwpfcsdKUrSmrl a0zefa&;qufvkyfaeMuonf/
]]'gqdk *dkPf;csKyfBuD; armfwm;vkyfwm rSm;wmaygh .... vQdKusufzkef;vdkvlrsdK; odkif;avmuu xGufoGm;&if
'Djyif b,folrSrembl; .... olwdkYcsHKqef;*dkPf;yJ emrSmyJ .... olwdkY*dkPf;tiftm; avsmhoGm;wmaygh ....}}
xdktcg xdkudpudk tpysdK;ay;&onfhvl&G,fu 0ifajymrdonf/
]]wcsd K U vl a wG u awmh ud k , f * d k P f ; csKyf j zpf & if jyD ; a&mqd k w J h pd w f r sd K ;xm;csif M urS m aygh ....
wjcm;udpawGta&;rBuD;vdkY owfrSwf&ifowfrSwfrSm ....}}
vl0BuD;u ....
]]tckudpu
csHK;qef;*dkPf;&JUudpr [kwfvm; .... tckMunfhygvm; .... wjcm;*dkPf;u vlawGawmh tm;vHk;vdkvdk
a&mufvmMuNyD .... olwdkUcsHKqef;*dkPf;usawmh ....}}
xdktcdkuf wHcg;aygufrS BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpf wD;cwfoHMum;vdkuf&NyD;vlwpfa,muf\oDcsif;oHudkyg
Mum;vdkuf&onf/
wHcg;aygufodkY vSnfhMunfhvdkufMuaomtcg ydefydefyg;yg;tbdkBuD;wpfa,mufonf BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk
udk,fwdkifwD;cwfNyD; oDcsif;wpfyk'fudk udk,fwdkifqdk qdkifwGif;odkY 0ifvmaMumif; awGUvdkufMu&onf/
oDcsif;qdk awmif;&rf;pm;aomufaom tbdk;BuD;wpfa,mufjzpf[efwlonf/
vlrsm;\ acgif;rsm;onf e*dkyHkpHtwdkif; jyefvnfvmMuNyD; vl0BuD;tm; ar;vdkufMujyefonf/
]]aemifBuD; .... cifAsm;&JUrqHk;ao;wJhpum;udk qufprf;ygOD; .... csHK;qef;*dkPf;usawmh bmjzpfovJAs...}}
vl0BuD;u .....
]]usKyfajymcsifwmu 'Dvkdyg.... wjcm;*dkPf;awG toD;oD; uawmh vmMuNyD; csHK;qef;*dkPf;usawmh
rvmbl;qdkwmyg.... tckcifAsm;wdkU owdxm;NyD; MunfhMuprf;yg .... 'DcsHKqef;NrdKUrSm {nfhonfawGudk BudKqdk{nfhcHaewJh
vlawGtm;vHk;[m vQdKusufzkef;&JU om;wynfhawGcsnf;yJ .... wjcm;csHKqef;*dkPf;om;awGudk cifAsm;wdkUawGUMuovm;
....}}
xdktcg qdkiftwGif;&Sdvlrsm;onf wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,mufMunfhrdMuNyD; .....
]][kwfom;yJ .... csHK;qef;*dkPf;om;awG tm;vHk;udk awGU&wmrS r[kwfwmygbJvm;}} [k ajymrdMuawmh\/
vl t rsm; od k Y oabmayguf o G m ;onf u d k Munf h N yD ; xd k v l 0 BuD ; onf auseyf o G m ;[ef j zif h ud p u d k
tpysdK;onfhvlG,ftm; oa&mfjyHK;jyHK;vsuf ar;vdkufonf/
]]uJ .... b,fhES,fvJAs .... 'kuqdkwm wpfcgwpf&Hyg;pyfxJuvnf; xGufvmwwfao;w,fqdk .... tJ'g
cifAsm; owed nf;wmudjk ywmyJ .... tck usKyfajymvku
d af wmhvnf; bmjzpfovJ? olwUkd csHKqef;*dP
k ;f urS rvmMuwm....
b,folMum;rSm aMumufae&rSmvJ ....}}
xdkpOf BudK;wyfwl&d,mwD;aeaom tbdk;BuD;onf vl0BuD;\ a&SUodkYa&mufvmNyD; rsufESmudk aocsmpGm
pdkufMunfhvdkufonf/
vl0BuD;u a'gojzifh ....
]]tbdk;BuD; bmvkyfrvdkYvJ .... usKyfqDrSm ydkufqHr&Sdbl;? wjcm;vla&SUrSm oGm;qdkNyD; awmif;ayawmh}}
[katmfvdkufonf/
tbdk;BuD;u acgif;udk cg,rf;jyonf/
]]rif;u r[kwfr[wfawG avQmufajymaewmyJ ....}}
onfpum;ajymNyD;onfESifh tbdk;BuD;onf vSnfhxGufoGm;awmhonf/
vl 0 BuD ; onf vl t rsm;a&S U vrf ; awavtbd k ; BuD ; u apmf a pmf u m;um;ajymoG m ;onf u d k
rcHr&yfEkdifjzpfoGm;ojzifh ausmudk vSrf;udkif qGJvSnfhvdkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/
kwfw&uf "m;a&mifwpfcsuf vufceJ jzpfoGm;um ]xef;} ceJ pm;yGJay:rS zefcGufrsm;\ jrnfoHrsm;udk
Mum;vdkufMu&\/
vl0BuD;u "m;csufrsm; olYudk,fay:odkU usa&mufrnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifh a&Smifwdrf;vkduf\/
odkUaomf .... ol ckef a&SmifvdkufcsdefwGif tbdk;BuD;onf ol\"m;udk BudK;wyfwl&d,mtwGif;
odkUjyefvnfxdk;oGif;NyD;aeavNyD/
63
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tbd;k BuD;onf ol\"m;udk BudK;wyfw&l ,
d m\ atmufajcwGiu
f yf xd;k xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ "m;d;k om tjyifoYkd
tenf;i,fxGufaejcif;jzpf kwfw&uf "m;&SdrSef;rodEdkifacs/
xdktbdk;BuD;onf acgif;udk jznf;nif;pGm cg,rf;vdkufNyD; .....
]]rif;r[kwfr[wfawGudk avQmufajymraeygeJU}}
[kcyfapmapmu olajymcJhonfh pum;wpfcGef;udkom ajymvkdufNyD; qdkifxJrS vlwpfa,muf\ txdwfwvefY
atmf[pfvdkufoHudk Mum;vdkufMu&awmh\/
]][m .... [dk .... [dkrSm MunfhMuprf; .....}}
olvufn;Id Tejf y&modYk vlwikd ;f vSr;f Munfv
h u
kd Mf u\/ vl0BuD;\ pm;yGaJ y:wGicf sxm;aom zefcu
G cf ek pfv;kH \
vufr0ufcefU tay:ydkif;uav;ckepfck cHkay:wGif usaeonfudk awGU&onf/
odkYaomf zefcGufwpfvHk;rQ jydKvJusaejcif; r&Sdacs/
xdktjcif;t&mudk awGU&aomtcg0dkif;tHkvmMuNyD; wpfa,mufwpfrsdK;pD a0zefaeMuawmhonf/
vlwpfa,mufu ......
]]"m;wpfcsufwnf;eJY zefcGufckepfcGufudknDnDnmnm wdwdusus jzwfcsEdkifHkwifr[kwfbl; ....
wpfcGufrSvnf; vJusraebl; .... wu,fh"m;csufyJ ....}}
wpfa,mufurl vl0BuD;tm; Munfh&if; ....
]]awmfygao;&JUAsm .... tbdk;BuD;u cifAsm;udk rckwfcsifvdkYbJ ..... ckwfrsm;ckwfrdvdkuf&ifawmhvm;?
cifAsm;acgif;[m a[m'DzefcGufawGvdkjzpfoGm;rSmyJ ....}}
vl0BuD;rSm aMumufaoG;rTeaf eojzifh ausmufyk Bf uD;wpfyk u
f o
hJ Ykd jzpfaeawmhonf/ rnfo\
l pum;udrk Qvnf;
Mum;[efrwlawmh /
xdktcg jyempum;udk tpysdK;ay;ol vl&G,fu ....
]]usKyfajymw,fr[kwfvm; .... wpfcgwpf&H 'kuqdkwm yg;pyfxJu xGufvmwwfw,fvdkY .... 'DaeY
'Dudka&mufvmwJhvlawGxJu xGufvmwwfw,fvdkY ... 'DaeY'Dudk a&mufvmwJhvlawGxJrSm xdyfoD;odkif;orm;awG;
enf ; rS m r[k w f b l ; .... 'D t bd k ; BuD ; [m q&mBuD ; armf w m;&J U rd w f a qG y J j zpf & r,f .... q&mBuD ; armf w m;&J U
taMumif;aemufuG,frSm twif;tzsif; ajymaeawmh rausreyfjzpfNyD; cifAsm;udk ynmjyvdkufwmyJ jzpf&r,f ....}}
xkdtcg tcsdefawmfMum NidrfoufaecJhonfh rkwfqdwfjzLBuD;u 0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dtbdk;BuD;[m b,fuvm q&mBuD;armfwm;&JUrdwfaqGjzpf&rSmvJ ...}}
xdktcg vltrsm;u 0dkif;ar;vdkufMuonf/
]][m .... 'gjzifh 'Dtbdk;BuD;udk cifAsm; odw,faygh ..... 'Dtbdk;BuD;&JU"m;pGrf;u w,faumif;wmyJ ....
b,f*dkPf;uvJ}}
rkwfqdwfjzLBuD;u ....
]]tJ'g q&mBuD;armfwm;yJ .....}}
]][m ....}}
tm;vHk;wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;Muawmh\/ wpfa,muf wpfayguf 0dkif;ar;Muawmh\/
]]b,fvdkvJAs .....}}
]]olu q&mBuD;armfwm; [kwfvm; .....}}
]]cifAsm; b,fvdkvkyfodovJ ....}}
rkwfqdwfjzLBuD;u ol\rkwfqdwfjzLBuD;udk vufjzifhyGwfowf&if; &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
]]usKyfodwmaygh .... q&mBuD;armfwm;[m aw;*Dw tvGef0goemygw,f .... aemufNyD; BudK;wyfwl&d,m
wD;cwfw,f .... aemufwpfcsuf &Sdao;w,f .... a[m'D aemifBuD;u ajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm; .... vQdKusufzkef;u
odr;f iSuif g;aumifukd "m;csufwpfcsufwnf;eJU ckwcf sEkid w
f ,fwhJ .... q&mBuD;armfwm;u oH;k aumifuykd J ckwcf sEdik o
f wJh
.... uJ .... tck cifAsm;wdkYMunfhMuprf; .... olu "m;csufwpfcsufwnf;eJY zefcGufckepfcGufudk ckwfcsjyoGm;NyD ....
aemufNyD; [dkvlYudk ajymoGm;ao;w,f r[kwfvm; .... rif; r[kwfr[yfpum;awG avQmufajymraeeJYwJh}}
vl0BuD;onf aoG;qkyfjzLa&mfaom rsufESmjzifh qdkifwGif;rS vsifjrefpGm xGufcGmoGm;awmh\/
64
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdwfvefYzG,f tjzpfaMumifh wpfa,mufxGuf ESpfa,mufxGufjzifh xGufcGmoGm;Mu&m qdkifwGif;
vltenf;i,fom usef&Sdaeawmhonf/
vifrdefusufonf zefcGufxdyfrS jywfusaeaom zefcGuft0dkif;ckepfckudkMunfhum EIwfcrf;wvIyfvIyfjzifh
toHrxGufbJ a&&Gwfaeawmhonf/
]]'Dtbd;k BuD;u "m;csufwpfcsuf a0SY,rf;vdu
k w
f meJY zefcu
G cf ek pfcu
G &f YJ xdyzf sm;awGukd wdw&d &d jd zwfcsEdik w
f ,f
.... igomzlusdK;NrdKUxGufrvmcJhbl;qdk&if 'DvdkxufjrufwJh odkif;ynm&SifawG 'DavmurSm &Sdaew,fqdkwm odrSmawmif
r[kwfbl; .... t&ifwkef;uawmh ighudk,fig odyfawmfaew,fvdkY xifcJhw,f.... [if; .... a&Smif&Dvdk vlrsdK;udkawmif
odkif;ynmeJYEdkifatmif rwdkufEdkifcJhbl; .... [if; .... 'Dtbdk;BuD;qDrSm wynfhcHvdkuf&&ifawmhigh&JY &efa<u;rSeforQ
tajyay;qyfEkdifrSm ajrBuD;vufcyfrvGJbJ}}
olUpdwfxJwGif qufajymaerdonf/
]]ig .... tckyJ 'Dtbdk;BuD;udk vdkuf&Smr,f .... olYudk &Sdcdk;awmif;yefNyD; wynfhcHr,f .... vufcHaumif;yg&JU
....}}
xdkpdwful;aMumifh qwfceJ rwfwwf&yfvdkufrdonf/ odkYaomf kwfw&uf tawG;wpfck 0ifvmjyefonf/
]][if ; .... rjzpf a o;ygbl ; av .... ol u csH K ;qef ; *d k P f ; u *d k P f ; csKyf B uD ; .... ol w d k Y u
awmifBuD;ig;vH;k *dP
k ;f tzGUJ 0ifawGyJ .... csif;csef*P
kd ;f eJYvnf; r[mrdwaf wGyJ .... olu ighvv
kd w
l pfa,muftwGuef YJ awmh
csif;csef*dkPf;eJY rsufESmtysufcHrSm r[kwfygbl; ....}}
xdkYodkY pOf;pm;rdvdkufaomtcg pdwfysufvufysuf jzpfoGm;NyD; jyefxdkifcsrdawmhonf/
xdkpOf qdkiftjyifbufrS csdKvGifaom rdef;uav;a,muf\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]tpfudkESpf .... uRefrwdkY 'DqdkifrSm0ifNyD; rdk;cdkMu&atmif}}
vifrdefusuf&ifonf .... wxdwfxdwfckefvmawmhonf/tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf xdkrdefuav;\ toHonf
zkusdK;NrdKU t&ufa&mif;cJhonfh rdef;uav;\ toHjzpfae aomaMumifhwnf;/
olonf kwfw&uf pdk;&drfoGm;ojzifh ol\OD;acgif;udk uref;uwef; iHkYxm;vdkufonf/
tjcm;&ifhusufaom a,musfm;oHwpfoHu ....
]]aumif;NyDav .... 'DqdkifxJrSmyJ vufzuf&nfaomuf&if; rdk;cdkMuwmaygh ....}}
[k toHxGufvmonf/
xdkpum;oH qHk;onfESifh a,musfm;BuD;wpfOD;ESifh rdef;uav;wpfOD; qdkiftwGif;odkY 0ifvmMuawmhonf/
vifrdefusufESifh "m;vG,fckwf cyfapmif;apmif;xdkifcHkwGif 0ifxdkifvdkufaMumif; vifrdefusuf awGUvdkuf&onf/
]]vufpowfawmh olwdkYu *dkPf;wlarmifESrawGudk; ...}}
}}ajr;tbdk;[efaqmifvmMuNyD; ightwGuf 'kuawG o,fvmMuwmyJ .... igu tuef;qdkawmh 'gawG
r&dyfbJ 0ifulnDrdwm .... igawmif uHaumif;vdkUraowm ....]]
]]nDrav; [dkrSmMunfhprf; ....}}
rd e f ; uav;onf zef c G u f y d k i f ; jywf r sm;ud k jrif v d k u f & aomtcg yg;pyf u av; t0d k i f ; om;jzif h
tvGefthHMooGm;awmhonf/
]]wu,faumif;wJh "m;odkif;ygvm; .... wpfcsufwnf;eJY zefcGufckepfcGufudk wdwd&d&d jzwfcsEdkifw,f ....
b,folrsm;ygvdrfh}}
vlvwfydkif;BuD;onf ab;ywfywfvnfudk tuJcwfvdkufonf/
vl[l rsm;rsm;pm;pm; rSdvS/ cg;ukef;[efaqmifxm;aom vifrdefusuftjyif tjcm;axmifhSd pm;yGJay:
arSmuftdyfaeaom vlESpfa,mufudkom awGU&onf/
rdef;uav;onf cg;ukef;BuD;tm; ar;&efjyifvdkufonf/
odkYaomf vifrdefusufonf rsufESmudk tjcm;wpfbufodkYvSnfhxm;ojzifh olru rar;jzpfawmhay/
vlvwfydkif;BuD;u toHudk ESdrfhcsvdkufNyD; ....
]]nDrav; ....rif;rSefrSefajzEdkifovm; rajzEdkifblvm;qdkwmudk igar;Munfhr,f .... 'Dvkd"m;wpfcsufwnf;eJY
zefcGufckepfcGufpvHk;udk ckwfjzwfEdkifwJhol[m b,foljzpfEdkifrvJ ....}}
65
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
rdef;uav;u qdk;EGJUaom toHuav;jzifh ....
]]tdk .... tpfudkESpfuvnf; ....uRefru tckrSawGU&wm b,fvkdvkyfodEdkifrSmvJ ....}}
xdkpum;ajymNyD;rS kwfw&ufowd&oGm;[efjzifh vufckyfvuf0g;wD;vsuf &,farm&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]]od N yD .... od N yD .... uRef r od N yD .... 'g[m q&mBuD ; vQd K usuf z k e f ; &J U "m;csuf y J j zpf & r,f ....
olU&JU"m;odik ;f uGux
f rJ mS "m;wpfcsufwnf;eJY iSuu
f ;kd aumif xd;k csEdik w
f hJ "m;uGuw
f pfuu
G f w
dS ,fvYkd awmhajymMuw,f
....}}
xdkvlvwfydkif;BuD;u jyHK; acgif;cgjyonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef;u 'Davmuftqifh rjrifhEdkifao;bl; nDrav;&JU ....rif;cefUrSef;wm wpf0ufavmufawmh
rSefw,f}}
xdktcg rdef;uav;onf ol\ vufuav;udk cg,rf;&if; ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkESpf qufrajymeJYawmh .... uRefrodNyD ... 'g .. 'g .. csHKqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; armfwm;&JU vufcsufyJ
....}}
kwfw&uf qdkifcef;\ av;bufav;wefrS vloHrsm;kwfw&uf xGufay:vmawmhonf/
wcsdKU vufckyfwD; atmfvdkuf\/
]]nDrav; .... rsufpdw,fvsifygvm; ....}}
vifrdefusufonf xdktoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vefYoGm;onf/ ol\pdwfxJwGif tHhMoaerd\/
]]b,fhES,f .... vlawG 'DavmufxGufvmygvdrfh ....}}
ol\ rsufvHk;rsm;udk b,fbufaxmifhuyf apGMunfhvdkufaomtcg pm;yGJcHkwGifarSmuf tdyfaeaom
vlESpfa,mufonf rwfwyf&yfvsufSdaeNyD; tjcm; ig;a,mufonfvnf; twGif;bufrS avQmufxGufvmMuonf/
tcsdKUu txrf;orm;rsm;uJhodkU 0wfpm;xm;NyD; tcsdKUu ukefonfuJhodkU0wfpm;xm;onf/
tjcm;wpfa,mufrSmrl ycHk;ay:wGif arsmufwpfaumifwifxm;\/
xdkoltm;kwfw&ufMunfhvdkufygu rsufvSnfhorm;ESifhwlaeaMumif; awGUae&onf/
rdef;uav;u &,farm ....
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... b,fu uavuacs awavMurf;ydk;awG 'DqdkifxJ vmykef;aeMuwmvJ ...
uRefrawmif vefUoGm;w,f .... tpfudkBuD;aum ....}}
[kar;vdkufonf/
xdktcg rsufvSnfhorm;ESifhwlaom vlu &,farm&if; ....
]]b,fvdkvJ .... 'Daumifrav; igwdkUudk awGUawGUcsif; uavuacs ajymvdkUajym .... awavMurf;ydk;
ajymvdkYajymeJY}}
rdef;uav;u &,farm&if; jyefajymjyefonf/
]]cdk;aMumifcdk;0kufeJY uRefrudk ajcmufvSefYwmu uavuacsawG vkyfwJhtvkyf r[kwfbl;vm; ....
tpfudkBuD;uaum b,fhES,fygrvmwmvJ ....}}
xdkrsufvSnfhorm;u ....
]]'DjyifvlawGawmh wpfa,mufrS rar;bl; .... tpfudkBuD;udkyJ ar;aew,f ..... awGUawGUcsif; pum;oHk;cGef;yJ
ajym&ao;w,f .... ESpfcGef;u olYtpfudkBuD;udk ar;aewmyJ .... bmjzpfvdkY tpfudkajcmufjzpfwJh ighudkawmh rar;&wmvJ
....}}
[kajymonf/
rdef;uav;uajcaxmufudkaqmifh&if; ....
]]tdk ....tpfudkajcmufu tckawGUae&NyD .... ar;aezdkYvdkao;vdkYvm; .... rawGUwJhvludk ar;&wmyg ...}}
rsufvSnfhorm;u ....
]]rif;&JUtpfudkBuD;uaum aoaevdkYvm; ....}}
]]oGm; .... tpfudkajcmufeJY pum;ajym&if b,fawmhrS tayguftvrf;rwnfhbl; .... tpfudkav;udkyJ
ar;awmhr,f .... tpfudkBuD;aum ....}}
66
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
[kar;jref;awmhonf/
xdk txrf;orm;ESifh wlolu rajz&ao;rD usefvlrsm;u w0g;0g; &,farm&if; ....
]][if; .... tpfudkav;wpfa,mufyJ vlaumif;wJh .... usefwJhvlawGu vlqdk;ayghav .... tpfudkav;
bmrSrajymeJY}}
[kwm;jrpfMu\/
]]atmifr,f .... rajym&ifae Muaygh .... tpfudkav;wdkYu bmrSrajym&if uRefrvnf; vrf;rSmawGUcJh&wJh
xl;xl;qef;qef; tjzpfawGudk ajymrjybl;aygh ... [if; ....}}
xdktcg tpfudkav;qdkaom txrf;orm;u ....
]]igwdkY raeYnwkef;u tpfudkBuD;eJYcsHK;&efNrdKUrSm vrf;cGJcJhMuw,f .... olu igwdkYudk t&ifqHk;oGm;cdkif;w,f
.... oluawmh t&ufrl;ajyawmhrS 'DudkvdkufvmcJhr,fwJh ....}}
[kajymvkdufonf/
rdef;uav;onf rsufarSmifuav; ukwfoGm;NyD; ....
]]t&ufrl;jyefNyD ....[kwfvm; ....}}
]]at; .... [kwfw,f ....}}
ukefonfudk vl0u 0ifajymonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; 'Dwpfcgaomufwmu pHcsdefyJa[h .... tm;&yg;&udk aomufaewmyJ .... reufuae nae
txd aomufaewm ....}}
]]'Davmuftrsm;BuD;aomuf&if usef;rma&; xdcdkufawmhrSmaygh .... tpfudkwdkYu bmjzpfvdkY rwm;&wmvJ
.... rwm;awmh jzpfcsifwdkif; jzpfaeawmhrSm aygh ....}}
ukefonfvdkvlu vQmxkwf&if; ....
]][ .... tpfudkBuD;udkigwdkYuwm;vdkY&yghrvm;[ .... wm;vkduf&if urmBuD; aZmufxdk;jzpfoGm;r,f ...
nDrav;acsmh&if awmh ol uwpfcGufwpfavavmufawmh ... avQmhaomuf&ifaomufrSmayghav ...}}
[kajymonf/
usefvlrsm;u w0g;0g; w[m;[m; &,farmMuawmhonf/
rdef;uav;u xyfar;jyefonf/
]]bmjzpfvdkY tpfudkBuD;u 'Davmuf aomuf&wmvJ .... bmpdwfrcsrf;om&mudpawGUae&vdkYvJ ....
taMumif;xl;wpfckck rSdbJeJYawmh olraomufygbll; ....}}
ukefonfvdk vlu ...
]]'guawmh tpf u d k B uD ; ud k awG U rS ar;Munf h a yawmh .... igh t xif a wmh 'D c sH K qef ; Nrd K Uud k v m&if
nDrav;eJUawGU&awmhrSmyJqdkNyD; odyfaysmfoGm;vdkYtm;&yg;&aomufwm jzpfrSmyJ ...}}
]]oGm; .... bmawGavQmufajymaeMurSef; rodbl; ....}}
odkYaomf olr\ rsufESm trlt&mrSm odkY0dkif; aemufajymifaeonfudk auseyfoabmusaeaMumif;
ay:vGifae\/ usefvlrsm;url w[m;[m;&,farmaeMuawmhonf/
67
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
tydkif;(7 )
csif;csef*dkPf;\ajcvSrf;
vifrdefusufonf olwdkYawG\ tajymtqdkrsm;t& tm;vHk;onf *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkrsm; jzpfaMumif; odvdkuf\/
olwdkY &Twf&Twfaemufaemuf ajymqdkaeoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&vnf; tvGeftHMoaeonf/
]]ol w d k Y &J Y avoH u d k em;axmif j yD ; em;vnf & wmuawmY 'D r d e f ; uav;[m ol Y tpf u d k B uD ; tay:
arwm&SdaeovdkbJ.... 'gayrJY tpfudkeHygwfESpfuawmif toufav;q,fausmfavmuf &SdaeawmY ... olY&JY
*dkPf;wltpfudkBuD;[m toufig;q,favmufawmY &SdaeavmufjyD.. b,fYES,f tbdk;BuD;udkrS BudKufae&wmvJ........}}
okdYaomf csufcsif;yif tajzudk pOf;pm;vdkufrdjyefonf/
]]aMomf . ....[k w f j yD . ...[k w f j yD . .... ol Y &J Y &k y f & nf u 'D a vmuf q d k ; aeawmY b,f o l u ol Y ud k
MudKufawmYrSmvJ...'gaMumifYrdkY 'Dt&uform;tbdk;MuD;udk BudKufaewmbJ jzpf&r,f}}
xdkpOf rdef;uav;u.....
]]tpfudkBuD; b,fwkef;u t&ufpaomufaewmvJ}}
[kar;onf/
ukefonfESifYwlolu ......
]]'Dvakd [Y... reufwek ;f u igwdYk tm;vH;k 'Dux
kd u
G v
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MunfYvdkufawmYvm;vm;..... vrf;awavwpfa,mufu t&uftdk;wpfvHk;udk armYaewm awGY&wmyJa[Y... tJ'DawmY
tpfudkBuD;u t&ufydk;awG xvmjyD; vrf;awaveJY pum;oGm;ajymawmYwmbJ.... cifAsm;&JY t&ufaeYu bmaMumifY
'Davmufaumif;&ovJvdkY ar;awmYwmyJa[Y... vrf;awavu bmjyefajymw,frSwfovJ? }'guarsmuft&ufuG}
uGwJY..... tpfudkBuD;u }bmjzpfvdkY arsmuft&ufvdkY} ac:&ovJvdkY jyefar;w,f... vrf;awavu qufajymw,f....
usef;pD;e,f&JY awmtkyfwpftkyfxJrSm arsmufawGu opfoD;awGeJY t&ufcsufwm awGY&w,fwJY... arsmufawG u
taumif;qHk; ... tcsdKqHk; opfoD;awGudk cl;NyD; t&ufcsufawmY t&ufu odyfaumif;qdkyJ.... arsmufawGtvpfrSm
vrf;awavu t&ufoHk;tdk; cdk;vmowJY.... NyD;awmY arsmufwpfaumifvJ zrf;vmowJY.... awGYvm;... rif;&JY
tpfudkajcmuf&JY ykcHk;ay:u arsmuf[m vrf;awav zrf;vmwJY arsmufaygY.....}}
68
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
olYpum;qHk;aomtcg rsufvSnfYorm;ESifY wlol\ ycHk;ay:rS arsmufuav;udk vufndSL;xdk;jyvdkufonf/
xdktcg rdef;uav;u wcdk;cdk; wcpfcpfjzifY &,farmawmYonf/ rsufvSnfYorm; ESifYwlolurl rsufESmudk &lY HrJY
ajymvdkufonf/
]]igYrmS wu,fYukd ckua wGYae&wm.... 'Darsmufu tvum;ae&if; igYacgif;udyk J udu
k af ewmyJ.. 'geJY igvnf;
ao&vdrfYr,f.....}}
rdef;uav;u ....
]]uGsefrawmY odvdkufNyD... 'Darsmufudk vrf;awavqDu awmif;NyD; tpfudkajcmufudk xdef;xm;cdkif;wm
taMumif;rJYr[kwfbl;... 'Darsmufuav;u olYtwGuf t&ufcsufay;Edkifrvm;vdkY arQmfvifYNyD; xdef;xm;cdkif;wm
jzpf&r,f......}}
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifYwlolu
]][kwforS odwf[kwfaygY...}}
[k ajzvdkufonf/
rdef;uav; auseyftm;&pGmjzifY &,fvdkufNyD;.....
]]tpfudkBuD;u 'Dvdk xl;xl;qef;qef; udprsdK;qdk odyf0goemygwm... arsmufawGu awmxJrSm
olwdkYcsnf;ae&ifawmY t&ufcsufcsifcsufrSmaygY... olYudk zrf;vdkuf&ifawmY b,fcsufawmYrvJ... }}
rdef;uav;u rsufvSnfYorm;ESifY wloltm; xyfajzcdkif;onf/
]]tpfudkajcmuf qufajymav .....}}
]]at;...ajymrSmyg.... tpfudkBuD;u t&ufydk;xvmjyD; vrf;awavqDu t&ufawmif;aomufw,f....
vrf;awavuvnf; wu,fY,pfxkyfBuD;yJ... olYt&uftdk;xJrSm wpf0ufyJusefawmYvk ray;Edkifbl;wJY.... 'geJY
tpfudkBuD;u olYudk aiG'*Fg; oHk;jym;xkyfay;NyD; wpfarmYwnf;aomufr,fvdkY ajymw,f}}
rdef;uav;onf xdktjzpfudk Mum;&aomtcg &,fcsifpdwfay:vmonf/
ok d Y aomf ol Y tpf u d k B uD ; u rQtirf ; r& t&uf a omuf c sif a eonf u d k od & aomtcgwG i f r l
pdwfqdk;csifovdkvnf; jzpfvmonf/
]]wu,fbJ bmjzpfvdkY... 'Davmufawmif iwfae&wmvJ rodbl;...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;u ol\pum;udk qufajymonf/
]]aemufqHk;awmY vrf;awavu vufcHvdkufw,f.... 'gayrJY aiG'*FgoHk;jym;,lNyD;awmY aoaocsmcsm
xyfajymao;w,f... }wpfarmYwnf;aemf} .... ydkraomuf&bl;wJY... tpfudkBuD;u ..}pdwfcsprf;yg... usKyfu
wpfarmYwnf;aomufrSmyg} vdkY jyefNyD; tmrbaEcHw,f... aemufawmY tpfudkBuD;u t&uftdk;udk yg;pyfrSmawYNyD;
armYawmYwmyJa[Y.. tpfudkBuD;&JY wpfarmYu Mumvdkufwm ... ajymraeeJYawmY ... uGwfuGwf...uGwfuGwfeJYudk
jrnfaeawmYwmbJ..t&uftdk;vnf; wpfcgwnf; ukefoGm;awmYwmbJ.. wpfu,fawmY tpfudkBuD;u twGif;tm;
xkyfoHk;vdkufwmudk;... q&mY&JY avokdif;twGif;tm;udk oHk;NyD; toufr&lbJeJY t&ufawGudk wpfqufwnf;
armYcsypfvdkufwmav}}
rd e f ; uav; tm;yg;w& &,f a rmaeonf r S m wpf u d k , f v H k ; cg,rf ; aeonf t xd jzpf a wmY o nf /
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifY wlolu &,f&if;qufajymonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;u bmrqdk aygYysufysuf &Twfaemufaemuf aewwfayrJY wu,fYwu,f ta&;BuD;wJY
odkif;ynmawG ckvdk cufcJwJY twGif;tm;odkif;vdk ynmrsdK;udk ZGJaumif;aumif;eJY avYusifYEdkifcJYwmyJ ... igwdkY*dkPf;wl
nDtpfudkawGxJrSm 'DvdkvkyfEdkfifwm b,fol&SdvdkYvJ ... b,folrS rvkyfEdkifbl; .... tpfudkBuD;wpfa,mufyJ vkyfEdkifw,f
.... }}
rdef;uav;u auseyftm;&pGm acgif;ndrfYjyonf/
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifY wlolu qufajymjyefonf/
]]tpf u d k B uD ; u t&uf u d k wpf c suf w nf ; eJ Y tuk e f a omuf v d k u f a wmY vrf ; awav
rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;awmYwmaygY... bmajymaumif;rvJ... tpfudkBuD;&JY tuFsDpudkqGJNyD; &efaxmifawmYwmbJa[Y...
tpfudkBuD;u ydkaomufw,faygYuGm.. tpfudkBuD;u &,fjyD;jyefajymw,f... usKyfu wpfarmYwnf;aomufwmbJ..
69
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
cifAsm; toufr&SLbJeJY aomufawmY wpfarmYbJaygY? cifAsm;udk ESpfarmYoHk;armY armYr,fvdkYrS ajymwmrS r[kwfbJ..
wpfarmYbJvdkYajymw,f... wpfarmYbJaomufw,f... wu,fqdk&if usKyfwpfarmYawmif rjynfYao;bl;..
t&ufuukefoGm;awmY cifAsm;taeeJY '*Fg;wpfjym;cGJ jyefay;&r,fvdkY awmif;aeao;w,f...}}
rdef;uav;u &,f&if; ....
]]tif; ... 'grsKd ;uawmY tpfuBkd uD;u odyv
f yk w
f wfw,f? olrsm;&JY t&ufvnf; aomufao;w,f.. aiGuv
kd nf;
jyefvdkcsifao;w,f ...}}
[kajymonf/
rsufvSnfYorm;u ...
]][dk .. vrf;awavu csufcsif;yJ idkawmYrvdk jzpfoGm;awmYwmyJa[Y ... 'geJY tpfudkBuD;u &,fNyD; ...
cifAsm; 'Davmufjzpfae&ifawmY wu,fYudk t&ufBudKufwJYvl jzpf&r,f ... cifAsm;udk usKyft&uf 0,fwdkufr,f..
tm;&yg;&aomufayawmY vdkYajymNyD; t&ufqdkifudk oGm;awmYwmyJ.. igwdkYudkawmY t&ifoGm;ESifYwJY ... aemufrS
olvdkufvmr,fwJY ... rif;&JY tpfudkBuD; usef&pfcJYwJY tjzpfuawmY 'gyJ ....}}
rdef;uav;u a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkudk; ...}}
olronf uJYodkYajym&if;rS qdkifjyifokdY vSrf;MunfYvdkufaomtcg rdk;&Gmaeao;onf udkawGYae&ojzifY
EIwfcrf; wpfvSKyfvSKyfjzifY a&&Gwfaerdonf/
]]tm;vHk;eJY twlwlvkdufvm&if 'Dvdk rdk;xJavxJ vdkufvmzdkY rvdkawmYbl;aygY ... tckawmY ... }}
olr\avoHonf olYtpfudkBuD;twGuf pdk;&drfaomu jzpfaeaMumif; txift&Sm; jyovQuf&Sdacsonf/
xdkpOf rsufvSnfYq&m ESifYwlolu ...
]]q&mu igwdYk ukd csHK;qef;NrdKYukd vTwv
f u
kd w
f ,f ... tpfuEkd pS ef YJ rif;udak wGYzYkd bJ ... rif;wdUk u igwdYk xufawmif
apmaeygao;uvm; ... 'gawmif vrf;rSm xl;xl;qef;qef; awGawGYcJY&ao;w,fvdkY ajymao;w,f ... 'gawGrawGY&if
igwdYk xuf wpfvavmufrsm; apma&mufaervm; rodb;l ... uJ ... ajymprf;ygOD; ... vrf;rSm BuHKcJY&wJY tjzpfqef;awGukd
...}}
rdef;uav;u olwdkYudk pdwfryg[efjzifY ...
]]tpfudkESpf olwdkYudk ajymjyvdkufygvm; ...}}
olronf cg;ukef;BuD; vifrdefusuftm; wpfcsuf iJSYapmif;MunfY&if; ...
]]'DrSm vlrsm;w,f ... aemufrSajymjyr,f ...}}
rsufvSnfYorm; ESifYwlolu ...
]]'DrmS b,forl S r&Syd gbl; ... ta&;rBuD;ygbl;[m ... ajymrSm ajymprf;yg ... igwdYk u tpfuBkd uD;udk apmifYae&rSm
... apmifYae&rJY twlwl rif;wdkYajymjywm em;axmif&awmY tysif;ajywmaygY ...}}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
olonf &kwfw&uf toHudk ESdrfYcsvdkufNyD; wD;wdk;avoHjzifY ar;vdkufonf/
]]'Dwpfcg rif;wdkY zkusdK;NrdKYudkoGm;awmY bmawGodcJY&ovJ? tck r*FvmtmrcHXmerSm wu,fY tppftrSef
odkif;ynmr&Sdbl;qkdwm xif&Sm;aeNyDaygY ...}}
vifrdefusufonf olwdkY p0ifvmuwnf;u em;pGifYaeonfom jzpf\/
,ckuJYodkY olwdkY\ r*FvmtmrcHXme taMumif; yg0ifvmoH Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ol\ tm&kHrsm;udk
xdkvlrsm;qDodkY pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ydkYvTwf ydkem;pGifYaeawmYonf/
ta&;aumif; 'def;a'gif;zsufqdkouJodkY tpfudkESpfqdkolu rqDrqdkif 0ifajymvdkufonfrSm ...
]]q&mBuD; armfwm;u 'Du zefcGufawGudk bmaMumifYvmjzwfoGm;&wmvJ ...}}
[lyifjzpfawmYonf/
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifYwloluvnf; ...
]]at; ... [kwfw,f ... b,fvdkjzpfNyD; vmjzwfoGm;&wmvnf; rodbl; ....}}
70
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdktcg qdkifydkif&Sifu vQdKusufzkef;\ vufaq;r*FvmyGJ taMumif; aqG;aEG;MuyHkESifY aemufqHk;
q&mBuD;armfwm; a&mufvmyHkwdkYudk &Sif;jyvdkuf\/
xdktcg olwdkY tzGJYxJrS tpfudkESpfu rSwfcsufcsvdkufonf/
]]tjyifavmurS vTsKd usufzek ;f eJY q&mBuD;armfwm;wdYk roifYjrwfMubl;vdYk 'DvYkd vQdKYvQdKY0uf0uf vkyaf e&wmvJ
... q&mBuD; vQdKusufzkef;&JY vufaq;r*FvmyGJ tcsdefusrS 'Dvdkvkyfae&wmuvnf; tHYMop&myJ ...}}
xdkpOf ukefonfvdkvlu ...
]]tpfudkESpf ... xdkufpef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;csKyfBuD; udk,fwdkif 'DyGJudk vmw,fvdkY ajymoHMum;&w,f ... tckqdk&if
vQdKusufzkef;&JY tdrfudkawmif a&mufaeNyDwJY ... }}
xdktcg olwdkYtzGJYxJrS tpfudkESpfu wkefvSKyfoGm;[efjzifY
]]xdkufpef;*dkPf;u olwdkY awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf; tzGJY0ifawGbJ ... tckvdk xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;
xifrif;q&mBuD; udk,fwdkifvmwmuawmY vQKdusufzkef;udk tawmfuav; *kPfjyK&ma&mufoGm;w,f ... wu,fvdkY
t&mBuD;armfwm;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JY rsufESmudkaxmufNyD; bmrSvkyfEdkifawmYrSm r[kwfbl; ...}}
[kajymvdkufonf/
rdef;uav;u ...
]]tpfukdESpf ... 'Dvdkqdk&if csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;uaum b,folYbufygrSmvJ ...}}
[kjyefar;onf/
vifred u
f sufonf csif;csef*P
kd ;f csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;qdak om emrnfukd Mum;vdu
k &f aomtcg tonf;xJwiG f usOfceJ
emrdawmY\/ rdrd\ &efolawmfBuD; r[kwfygvm;/
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifYwlolu tHYMoaomavoHjzifY ...
]]q&mBuD; &Dcsef;vJ a&mufvmw,f[kwfvm; ...}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'Dvdkqdk&ifawmY csHK;qef;jrdKY[m rpnfum;pzl; odyfpnfum;awmYrSmbJ ...
wu,fYxdyfoD;BuD;awG vmpkaeMuNyDudk; ...}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ...
]]q&mBuD; &Dcsef; 'DNrdKYudk a&mufvmw,fqdkwm b,folajymovJ ...}}
rdef;uav;u ...
]]b,folrS ajymwm r[kwfygbl; ... uGsefrudk,fwdkif awGY&vdkY ajymwmyg ...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifYwlolu ...
]]b,frSmawGYvdkuf&wmvJ nDrav;&JY ...}}
]]'DrSmvnf; awGYwmyJ ... zkusdK;NrdKYrSmwkef;uvnf; awGYvdkufwmyJ ...}}
ukefonfvdkvlu ta&;BuD;aomavoHjzifY ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD;&Dcsef;udk,fwdkif zkusdK;NrdKYudk a&mufvmw,f [kwfvm; ... csif;csef*dkPf;u r*FvmtmrcHXmeudk
zGNH zdK;zdYk upd r mS q&mBuD; &Dcsef;ud,
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f ikd f qif;vmw,fqakd wmY uefYvefYum aemufu,
G rf mS ta&;BuD;wJY udpw
pfcak wmY
&Sd&r,f ... nDrav;vnf; bmrS rodbl;eJYwlw,f ...}}
rdef;uav;u EIwfcrf;pl&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]][if; ... tpfudkig;aemf ... uGsefrpdwfudk qGay;p&mrvdkygbl; ... uGsefr ajymcsifrSajymrSm ...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;vdkvlu
]]'gu olwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;eJY r*FvmtmrcHXme&JY udpy g ... tjyifvlMum;vnf; ta&;rBuD;ygbl; ... tpfudkESpf
uGsefawmfwdkYudk ajymjyprf;yg ... q&mBuD;&Dcsef;u zkusdK;NrdKYudk bmudpeJY oGm;&wmvJ ...}}
ar;cGef;onf vifrdefusuftwGuf tvGefwefzdk;&Sdaom ar;cGef;jzpfonf/
ar;cGef;\ tajzonf bkrodbrod cHvkduf&aom vifrdefusuf\ &SKyfaxG;aeaom tawG;rsm;udk
&Sif;vif;oGm;apEdkif\/
71
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
okdYaomf tajzxGufay:rvmao;rSD Mum;rS tjcm;pum;u azmuf0ifvmonf/ xdkpum;udk ajymvdkufolrSm
tpfudkESpfqdkolyif jzpf\/
]]rESpw
f ek ;f u tpfuBkd uD;u [efusHK;NrdKYrmS csif;csef*P
kd ;f &JY wynfYBuD;[dv
k ifeYJ [kev
f ifwYkd ukd t&Sucf v
JG u
kd af wmY
...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;ESifYwlolu xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg w[m;[m; atmf[pf&,farmawmY\/
rdef;uav;url rsufapmif;wpfcsuf xdk;vdkufum ...
]]bmrsm; 'Davmuf&,fp&m &SdaevdkYvJ ...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;vdkvlu rsuf&nfxGufrwwf &,farmae&mrS ...
]]&,fp&m&SdvdkYaygY[ ... olwdkYuawmY olwdkYudk,folwdkY odyf[kwfjyDxifaewmyJ ... wu,fawmY
bmtoH;k usvdYk vJ ... igYavmufawmif toH;k rusbl; ... [if; ... vkakd vmufawmf&if cufO;D r,f ... 'DaumifawGavmuf
nHYae&ifvnf; igYemrnfudk vkdkvkdY rrSnfYawmYygbl; ...}}
rsufvSnfYorm;vdkvl\ emrnfrSm vkdkjzpfaMumif; vifrdefusuf rSwfxm;vdkufonf/ aemufwpfa,mufu
0ifwm;onf/
]]wpfa,mufwpfaygufeJY ajymcsif&mawG avQmufajymraeMuprf;ygeJY ... tpfudkESpf&JY pum;awmif
jywfoGm;w,f ... tpfudkESpfajymjyprf;ygtHk; ...}}
vifrdefusufonf ,ckrS &if0rS tvHkBuD;usoGm;awmYonf/
vkdku ...
]]aumif;ygNyD ... aumif;ygNyD ... igwdkY rajymawmYygbl;}}
[k ajymNyD;onfESifY w[m;[m; &,farmaejyefojzifY rdef;uav;u rsufapmif;xdk;vkdufjyefonf/
]]uJ ... 'Davmufawmif &,fp&maumif; aerSjzifY ajymjyprf;ygtHk; ... em;axmif&atmif ...}}
vkdkonf olYudk,fol rxdef;Edkifatmif jzpfaeojzifY &,f&if;rS qufajymonf/
]]'Dvdka[Y ... 'Dvdk ... tJ'D [kdvifeJY [kefvifqdkwJY ESpfaumifudk tpfudkBuD; zifuGsrf;xdk;atmif
uefcsypfvdkufwmuG ... olwdkYuawmY b,folu uefvdkufrSef;awmif rodvkdufMubl;? igu'gawG pOf;pm;rdwdkif;
odyf&,fcsifwmyJ ... [m; .. [m; ... [m; ...}}
rdef;uav;u ...
]]tpfudkajcmufuawmYav ... ajymav ... uJav[m}}
vk&kdonf rsufESmydk;owf&if; qufajymjyefonf/
]]t&ufqdkifxJrSm tJY'DvlESpfa,mufu rdk;ajymvdkuf csdK;ajymvdkufeJY avBuD;aevdkufMuwm .... tpfudkBuD;u
Mum;vnf;Mum;a&m csufcsif; a'goxGufawmYwmyJ .... 'geJY t&ufaomuf&if;eJY atmfvdkufw,f ... ]csif;csef*dkPf;rSm
0uf0HBuD;av;aumif &Sdw,fvdkY ajymoHMum;&w,fwJY} tJ'Dvdkatmfvdkufwm ... wu,fawmY csif;csef*dkPf;rSm
wynfYBuD;av;a,muf&Sdwm odkif;avmuom;wdkif;vdkvdk odMuwmyJ ... tpfudkBuD;u 'Dav;a,mufudk emrnfzsufjyD;
ac:vdkufawmY 'DaumifESpfaumifu ,rf;yHk;rD;usjzpfNyD; tpfudkBuD;qDudk avQmufvmMuw,f ... tpfudkBuD;u
aemufawmif vSnfYrMunfYbJ aemufjyefuefvdkufwm ESpfa,mufpvHk; qdkiftaygufuae atmufxyfudk
uGsrf;xdk;arSmufcHk usoGm;awmYwmyJ ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ...}}
vifrdefusufonf xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGeftm;&auseyfoGm;\/
csif ; csef * d k P f ; om;[d k v if E S i f Y [k e f v if q d k o l w d k Y u d k ol rawG Y c J Y z l ; cJ Y / ok d Y a omf ol awG Y c J Y z l ; onf Y
csif;csef*dkPf;om;wdkif;vdkvdk vl,kwfrmcsnf; jzpfaeojzifY rawGYzl;aomfvnf; rkef;wD;rdaeonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;rS
tpfudkBu;Dqdkol\ vkyf&yfudk Mum;vdkuf&onfwGif olYpdwfxJwGif tvGefyif tm;&0rf;vm; jzpfoGm;rd\/
rdef;uav;u ...
]]tpfudkajcmufuawmY &efjzpfzdkY odyf0goemygwmyJ ... csif;csef*dkPf;&JY wynfYBuD;av;a,mufeJY
tpfudkajcmufwdkuf&if EkdifEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl; ...}}
vkdku ....
]]atmifrm ... rif;u bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufawmif taotcsm ajymEdkif&wmvJ ...}}
72
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
xdktcg tpfudkESpfu ...
]]tpfudkBuD;u olwdkY ESpfa,mufudk uefvkdufwkef;uawmY olwdkYu tpfudkBuD;udk b,f*dkPf;urSef;
rodvdkufMubl;/ aemufydkif; pHkprf;MunfYNyD;rS q&mYqDudk pmwpfapmifa&;wm ... a&;wmuvnf; av;av;pm;pm;yg
... pmxJrSmawmY olYwynfYawGudk aumif;aumif; ruGyfnSyf rqHk;rcJYvdkY olYwynfYawGu cifAsm;&JY wynfYudk
apmfum;rdygw,fwJY ... 'gaMumifY 'Dpmudka&;NyD; awmif;yefygw,fwJY ...}}
vkdku ...
]]'D&DcsefqdkwJY q&mBuD;uawmY aumufuspfwJYae&mrSm ESpfa,mufudkr&Sdbl; ... &kwfw&ufMunfYvdkuf&if
olYwynfYawGudk qkH;rwJY taMumif;? today;ovdkvdkeJY tpfudkBuD;&JY vkyfyHkudk wdkifvdkufwmyJ .... tpfudkBuD;vJ
q&modoGm;awmY roufomawmYbl; ... Mudrf'PfoHk;q,f tay;cHvkduf&w,f ...}}
[k ajymonf/
xdktcg rdef;uav;u wcpfcpf&,fjyD; 0ifajymvdkuf\/
]]tpfudkajcmufvnf; q,fcsuf tqpf t&dkufcHvdkufYao;w,f r[kwfvm; ...}}
vkdkuvnf; &,fonf/
]]ig t&dkufcH&wm ta&;rBuD;bl; ... csif;csef*dkPf;u b0ifjrifYaewJY ESpfaumif avSum;tay:u
zifuGsrf;xdk;jyD; usoGm;wmudk jrif&wmeJY q,fcsuft&dkufcH&wm wefw,f[ ...}}
xdkpOf tjcm;wpfa,mufu 0ifajymonf/
]]tJ'gom MunfYawmY ... vkdkqdkwJY aumifu Mudrf'Pfq,fcsufavmufawmY rIudkrrIbl; ... olYudk
yef;eJYaygufwmvdkYrsm; xifaeovm; rodbl; ...}}
vkdku ...
]]igvnf; bmwwfEdkifrSmvnf;uG ... tpfudkBuD;u vkyfr,fqdk&if igu b,fvdkvkyf 0ifwm;EdkifrSmvnf;
... rif;&Sdae&ifaum rif;aum 0ifwm;&JYrSmrdkYvdkYvm; ... }}
[k ar;vdkuf\/
xdkvlu ...
]]wdkufdkufBuD; rvkyfeJYvdkY wm;zdkYajymwm r[kwfbl;uG ... ab;uae wpfcGef;ESpfcGef;avmuf 0ifacsmYjyD;
wm;zdYk ajymwm ... 'gaMumifYrYkd q&muajymwmyJ ... vkkd uawmY ab;uae acsmYajymaerSm r[kwb
f ;l wJY ... rD;avmif&m
avyifYvkyfaerJYaumifwJY ... [m; ... [m; .... [m; ...}}
ab;rS vltm;vHk; &,farmrdMuawmY\/
vkdku ...
]]at; ... q&mu igYudk rD;avmif&m avyifYvkyfaew,fvdkY xifw,f r[kwfvm; ... tJY'g q&mrSm;wmyJ
... bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmY tpfudkBuD; uefvdkufwkef;u igu bmrSawmif rajym&ao;bl;uG ... tpfudkBuD;u olwdkYudk
ausmay;NyD; t&ufaomufaewm ... igu vSrf;NyD; ]tpfudkBuD; owdxm;} vdkY owday;vdkufw,f ... 'gayrJY
igYpum;awmif rqHk;ao;bl; ]bkef;} ]bkef;} qdkwJY toHESpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&NyD; vlpGrf;aumif; ESpfa,mufpvHk;
avSum;ay:uae atmufxyfudk jyKwfusoGm;awmYwmyJ ... igu aoaocsmcsm MunfYvdkufygw,f ...
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmY tpfudkBuD;&JY rdausmif;NrD; ajcuefenf;udk rjrifvdkuf&bl; ... ab;uae rD;avmif&m
avyifYvkyfzdkYua0;a&m ...}}
wpfa,mufu ...
]]vkdk ... igrif;udkar;r,f ... tpfudkBuD;u [dkESpfa,mufudk 0uf0HBuD;vdkY ac:vdkufwkef;u rif;uvnf;
ab;uae0ifrac:bl;vm; ... rSefrSefajymprf; ...}}
vkdku w[D;[D;&,fNyD; ...
]][ ... rif;wdkYbJ pOf;pm;MunfYygOD; ... tpfudkBuD;vkyfwJYolu ppfaMunmvdkufrSawmY nDvkyfwJY iguvnf;
ab;u opfwHk;BuD;vdk xdkifaevdkY jzpfygYrvm; ... igom atmf[pftm;ray;&if tpfudkBuD;bufrSm aemufcHtiftm;
r&Sdbl;vdkY xifoGm;rSmaygYuG ... 'Dvdk tpfudkBuD;bufu tm;ray;bJeJY [dkbufuaeNyD; tpfudkBuD;udk jyefqJ&rSmvm;
...}}
73
wuokdvf aevif;atmif
[k ajymawmYonf/
vkdktm; ar;vkdufolu w[m;[m;&,fvQuf ...
]]'gqdk&if q&murif;udk tjypf'Pfq,fcsufay;wm b,frSm;rvJuG ... tifrwefrSefwmaygY ...}}
xdkpOf tpfudkESpfu ...
]]at; ... 'DudpeJY ywfoufNyD; tck igajymwJY pum;udk 0Sufxm;Mu ... tpfudkBuD;u [kdvifeJY [kefvifwdkY
ESpfa,mufudk avSum;ay:uae uefcsvdkufwJY udpudk csif;csef*dkPf;u b,folYrS today;wm r[kwfbl;uG ...
olwdkY *dkPf;twGufvnf; &Sufp&mBuD; jzpfaewmudk; ... 'gaMumifY 'Dudpudk olwdkY *dkPf;om;wdkif;awmif rodMubl;
... igwdkY&JY q&muvnf; 'Dudpudk vHk0zHk;zdxm;ygvdkY rSmxm;w,f ... 'DawmY 'Dudpudk aemufxyf rajymeJYawmY ...}}
vkdkurl vHk0*&krpdkuf[efjzifY ...
]]tpfudkESpfuvnf;Asm ... 'DaumifawGudk bmjzpfvdkY*kpdkuf&rSmvJ ... csif;csef*dkPf;&JY okdif;ynmu
rjzpfpavmufav;yg ...}}
olYpum;yif rqHk;ao;/ tpfudkESpf\ atmf[pfoHu us,favmifpGm atmfvdkufojzifY tcef;xJ&Sd vlrsm;yif
vefYoGm;Mu\/
]]vk&dk ... rif; t&rf;avQmufajymraeeJY ... q&muom 'Dpum;Mum;&if rif;ausmudk ta&vefoGm;atmif
xyf&dkufvdrfYr,f em;vnf&JYvm; ... tpfudkBuD;u rdausmif;NrD;ajcuefenf;eJY [dkESpfaumifudk uefcsvdkufEdkifwmu
&kww
f &uf tidu
k rf o
d mG ;vdYk yJ ... aemufNyD; tpfuBkd uD;u igwdYk 0gqef;*dP
k ;f &JY wynfYawGxrJ mS tawmfq;kH wynfYjzpfvYkd
'Dvu
kd efEikd w
f m ... b,forl S olYvkd uefEikd rf mS r[kwb
f ;l ... rif;uefvYkd [dEk pS af ,muf tJovdk vGiYf omG ;r,fxifaevm;
...}}
vkdkonf vQmxkyf&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudk ESpfu rsufESmwnfwnfjzifY ajymvdkufonf/}}
]]csif;csef*dkPf;&JY *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;qdkwm odkif;avmurS wu,fwef; t&nftcsif;&SdwJY odkif;orm;BuD;uG
... olYudk txifao;&ifrSm;oGm;rSmaygY ... nDrav; rif;u q&mBuD;&Dcsef;udk awGYzl;w,farmYvm;... b,fvdkxifvJ
...}}
rdef;uav;u ...
]]q&mBuD;&Dcsef;vm; ... [ifYtif; ... uGsefrawmY olYudkjrif&if aMumufwmyJ ... oleJY rawGYcsifbl; ...
aMumufp&m aumif;w,f ...}}
]]uJ ... uJ ... tck tpfudkBuD;vnf; a&mufrvmao;bl;qdkawmY tcsdefawmfawmfav; &aew,f ... tm;vHk;
taMumif ; pH k o d o G m ;atmif igajymjyr,f .... aemuf q d k & if csif ; csef * d k P f ; om;awG e J Y awG Y &if
b,fvdk&ifqdkif&r,fqdkwmvnf; pOf;pm;EdkifwmaygY ... [kdwpfaeYwkef;u igwdkY q&mBuD;[m q&mBuD;&Dcsef;qDu
wdkifpmudk &vdkufawmY a'gojzpfNyD; tpfudkBuD;eJY vkdkudk dkufw,f ... aemufwpfaeYusawmY pmwpfapmifa&;NyD; ...
igYudk csif;csefawmifudk oGm;cdkif;w,f ...}}
wpfa,mufwpfayguf 0ifajymMujyefonf/
]]tpfudkESpfav ... avmavm avmavmeJY xGufoGm;wm csif;csef;awmifudk oGm;wmudk; ...}}
tpfudkESpfu ...
]]at; ... [k w f w ,f ... pmxJ r S m a&;xm;wmu q&mBuD ; ol Y wynf Y vl r d k u f E S p f a ,muf u d k
dkufESufqHk;rvkdufygNyDwJY ... trSefqdk&if olYtaeeJY 'DwynfYvlrdkufESpfa,mufudk csif;csef;awmifay: wufNyD;
0efcsawmif;yefcdkif;rvdkYygbJwJY ... 'gayrJ ... 'DwynfYrdkuf ESpfa,muf[m ol &dkufxm;wJY 'Pf&mawGeJY tdyf&may:
vJaeMuvdkY csif;csefawmifudk rvTwfEdkifwmygwJY ... 'gaMumifYrdkY eHygwfESpf wynfYBuD;NzpfwJY avmifwufudk
udk,fpm;apvTwfNyD; awmif;yefcdkif;vkdufwmygwJY ...}}
onfwynfY eHygwfESpf\trnfrSm avmifwwfjzpfaeonf/
viffrdefusufonf avmifwwfajymaeonfY pum;rsm;udk tptqHk;Mum;aeonf jzpf&m olYpdwfxJwGif
tajctaersm;udk oHk;oyfaerd\/
pmpOf(1) NyD;\/
74
odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH
pmpOf (2)
pmpOf(2)
rmwdum
tceff;(8)
tcef;(9)
tcef;(10)
tcef;(11)
tcef;(12)
tcef;(13)
csif;csef*dkPf;\ ajcvSrf; rStquf

vsKdU0Sufodkif;usrf;
rif;orD;t&ufqdkifBuD;
xl;qef;aom"m;odkif;NydKifqdkifjcif;
ajrmufydkif;ukvm;tkwf
vifh[lcsKH;
0gqef;*dkPf;
scanned by NEO@mmcp
yxrtqifh wnf;jzwfol hotrod

'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol HarryLwin
tacsmowf wnf;jzwfol sideeffect
thunderhawk
thunderhawk
bLaCk DeViL & Devil_Killer
thunderhawk
charcol
yannaning
yannaning
83
86
101
130
141
150
161
odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH - 2
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DavmifwufqdkwJhol&JU ajympum;t&awmh 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY csif;csef*dkPf;[m awmfawmfuav; qufqHa&;

aumif;aewmud;k . . . 'gaMumifhvnf; 'Drdef;uav;u igwkdYrdom;pkuav;twGufeJY csif;csef*dkPf;eJY rsufESm
rysuf&JwmbJ . . . .}}
xdkpOf avmifwufu quf . . . .
]]ig csif;csef*dkPf;udk a&mufawmh [kefvifwdkYeJY awGUwmyJ? 'DaumifawGu rauseyfbl;a[h . . . . ighudk
oa&mfovdk avSmifovdk vkyfMuw,f . . . igeJUwpfyGJwpfvrf; tuJprf;csifw,fayghav . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]]awmuf . . . tpfudkESpf&m ynmrjyvdkufbl;vm; . . . . 'DaumifawGudk bmrS aMumufp&mr&Sdbl; . . . .
tpfudkESpfudk 'DaumifawG b,fvdkrS rEdkifEdkifygbl; . . . .}}
]]b,fjzpfrvJuG . . . . roGm;cifuwnf;u q&mu ighudk aoaocsmcsm rSmvdkufwma[h . . . igcsif;csef
awmifudkoGm;wm &efjzpfzdkUr[kwfbl;wJh awmif;yefzdkUwJh . . . . cspfMunfa&;aqmifGufzdkU oHwrefoabmoGm;wm
wJh . . . . 'gaMumifhrdkU bmudprqdk onf;cH&r,fwJh . . . b,fvdkvkyfrvJ . . . onf;rcHbJjyefcs&if q&mvnf;
rsufESmysufr,f . . . . jyefvm&if igvnf;'PfcH&r,f . . . . 'Dawmh atmifhtnf; onf;cH&awmhwm ayghuGm . . .
ighudk npfxm;wmvnf; MunfhMutHk; . . . csif;csefawmif a&mufa&mufcsif; *dkPf;csKyfq&mBuD; &Dcsef;eJU vkH;0
awGUcGifhray;bl;a[h . . . . ajcmuf&ufavmuf ysif;ysif;&d&deJYudk apmifhae&wm . . . ckepf&ufaeUrSmrS igu
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;eJU awGUcGifh&awmhw,f . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]][if; . . . BuD;us,fvdkufMuwm . . . ajcmuf&ufBuD;awmif rsufESmi,fi,feJU apmifhae&w,fqdkawmh
tMumBuD;yJ . . . udk,feJY"avhpdkufrwlwJh vlawGMum;rSm tpfudkESpf aeae&wm awmfawmftaecufrSmyJaemf . . .}}
avmifwufu wnfwnfMunfMunfjzifh qufajymonf/
]]'gaygh . . . tae&odyfcufwmaygh . . . 'gayr,fh Mum&Snfjcif;[m xm0&r[kwfygbl;uGm . . .
b,favmuf MumrvJ Mumprf; . . . olUtwdkif;twm ukefqHk;oGm;&if Mum&Snfjcif; ukefqHk;oGm;wmyJ . . . 'gudk
odxm;awmh atmifhtnf; onf;cHEdkifpdwf ydk&dw
S mayghuGm . . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
83
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifwufonf olwdkU\*dkPf;wltpfudkrsm;xJwGif touftawmftwefBuD;ol jzpfjcif;aMumifh tm;vHk;u

wav;wpm; &SdMuonfom/ avmifwuf\ [efyefESifh ajymyHkqdkyHkrsm;aMumifh olUpum;ukd tm;vHk;u tvGef
pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;uvnf; ighudk axGaxGxl;xl; bmrSodyfajymwmr[kwfygbl; . . . olu ighudk t&uf
wpf0dkif; wnfcif;NyD; {nfhcHw,f . . . aemufwpfaeUrSm wHcg;0txd vdkufydkUay;w,f? &Dcsef;eJYawGUwJh Zmwfvrf;
uawmh 'gyJ . . . 'gurxl;jcm;ygbl;? xl;jcm;wmu ighudk &Dcsef;eJU awGUcGifhray;bJ ajcmuf&ufawmif apmifhcdkif;
xm;wmyJ . . . udk,fhvnfyif; udk,fBudK;uGif;wyfw,fqdkwm 'grsdK;yJ . . . igu ajcmuf&ufBuD; apmifhvdkuf&vdkU
ightzdkU tusdK;r,kwfygbl; . . . . bmjzpfvdkUvJodvm; . . .}}
[k avmifwufu ar;ar;ajymajymvkyf&mrS pum;udkkwfw&uf &yfvdkufojzifh em;axmifaeolrsm; rcsifhr&J
jzpfoGm;Muonf/ vkdku . . . .
]][m . . . tpfudkESpfuvnf; ajymrSmomajymprf;yg? uRefawmfwdkUudk ar;raeygeJU . . .}}
avmifwufu NyHK;vdkuf&if; . . . .
]]rif;wdkUuvnf; pdwfr&SnfvdkufMuwm vGefyga&m . . . . 'Dajcmuf&uftwGif;rSm ysif;ysif;eJU wpfa,muf
wnf; vrf;avQmufcsnf;yJ xGufawmhwmyJ . . . tJ . . . wpfnrSm xl;xl;qef;qef; awGUawmhwmyJa[h . . . .
csif;csef*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; uGif;jyifrSm "m;odkif;avhusifhaeMuw,f . . . . olwdkYavhusifhyHku wpfa,mufwpfrsdK;
r[kwfbl;uG . . . . ,drf;wdkufovkd wpfyHkpHwnf; avhusifhaeMuwm . . . . aemufNyD; ckrSpusifhaerSef; odyfodom
w,f . . . ajcvufawGu oGufrSroGufwm . . . 'gayr,fh csufcsif;yJ owd&NyD; igjyefvSnfhvmcJhygw,f . . . .
bmjzpfvdkUvJqdkawmh olwpfyg; *dkPf;om;awG odkif;avhusifhwmudk Munfhwm[m odkif;avmu&JU pnf;rsOf;udk
csdK;azmufwmyJ r[kwfvm; . . . .}}
avmifwufonf tmajcmufoGm;[efjzifh a&aEG;Murf;wpfyef;uef iSJUaomufvdkufonf/ NyD;rS . . . .
]]ightcef;xJa&mufrS ig jyefpOf;pm;Munfhrdw,f . . . . odyftHhMop&m aumif;aew,f . . . . *dkPf;csKyfBuD;
&Dcsef;u b,fhES,faMumifh *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk wpfNydKifeuf "m;odkif;uGuf usifhcdkif;&wmvJ . . . . b,f*dkPf;tzGJU
rqdk wynfhwpfOD;csif;pD&JU t&nftcsif;tvdkuf oifMum;jyo ay;Mu&wmcsnf;yJ . . . . b,fawmhrS wpfcsdef
wnf; wpfcgwnf; oifMum;ay;avh r&SdMubl; . . .}}
avmifwufonf . . . . *dkPf;wl tpfudktm;vHk;udk tuJcwfMunfhvdkufonf/ tm;vHk;u olUpum;ukd pdwf0if
wpm; em;axmifaeMuonfudk awGU&aomtcg auseyfoGm;NyD; olUpum;ukd qufonf/
]]igvnf; raeEdkifbl;a[h . . . aemufwpfaeYnus igxyfoGm;w,f . . . olwdkYavhusifhwJhyHkpH wpfuGuf
ESpfuGufavmuf rSwfoGm;NyD;awmh q&mhudk jyefar;Munfhr,fvdkU pdwful;NyD; oGm;Munfhwm . . . ig cgwdkif;ae&m
a&mufawmh uGif;v,frSm [dkvifeJY[kefvifwdkYu wpfwGJ? zef;vifeJY &DvifwdkUu wpfwGJ . . . wpfwGJpD wpfwGJpD
"m;ckwfaeMuwm awGU&w,f . . . olwdkUa&SUrSmawmh tuspdrf;0wfxm;wJh t&yfykykvlwpfa,muf xdkifaewm
awGU&w,f? iguvnf; t&ifwkef;u csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk wpfcgrS rjrifbl;cJhbl; . . . 'gayr,fh csif;csef
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;[m t&yfawmfawmfykw,fvdkU ajymaeMuwmawmh Mum;zl;w,f . . . tckvdk rsufpdeJU wyftyf
jrifvdkufawmhrS t&yfawmfawmf ykw,fqdkwmudk ,Hkawmhw,f . . . olU&JU ab;ESpfzufrSmawmh csif;csef*dkPf;om;
awG&yfNyD; wdkufcdkufaeMuwJh twGJ ESpfwGJudk MunfhaeMuw,f . . . olwdkYoHk;wJh "m;uGufawGuvnf; bmrS
topftqef;rygbl; . . . . t&ifESpfnwkef;u avhusifhaewJh "m;uGufawGyJ . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
84
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkESpf&m . . . . olwdkUu "m;uGufawGeJU bmvkyfaeMuwmvJ . . . uyGJwpfckck vkyfrSmawmh r[kwfyg

bl;aemf . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]][m . . . . BuHBuHzefzefuGm r[kwfwm . . . tJ'Dwkef;u igh&JUtajctaeu odyfraumif;bl; . . . tE&m,f
tvGef rsm;wJhtajctaeuG . . . ig acsmif;Munfhaewm olwdkYodoGm;&if b,favmuf&Sufp&m aumif;rvJ . . .
odkif;avmurSmom 'Dowif;ysHUoGm;&if igwdkU0gqef;*dkPf;&JUodum b,favmufusvdkufrvJ? tpfudkBuD;eJY igeJY
uGmjcm;oGm;wJh tajctaeudk rif;wdkY owdjyKrdMu&JUvm; . . .}}
*dkPf;wlnDtpfudktm;vHk;u rnfodkYrQ oabmrayguf[ef&Sdaeojzifh avmifwufu quf&Sif;jyvdkuf&onf/
]]csif;csef*dkPf;u wynfhBuD;ESpfa,mufudk tpfudkBuD;u ajcaxmufeJYuefcsvdkufvdkY q&mu tjypf'Pf
ay;w,fr[kwfvm; . . . b,fvdkyJ tjypf'Pfay;ay; q&muawmh BudwfauseyfaerSmyJ . . . tpfudkBuD;u igwdkY
0gqef;*dkPf;&JU odumudk wifay;vdkufovdk jzpfoGm;w,fr[kwfvm; . . . ighusawmh 'Dvdk r[kwfawmhb;l . . .
ig cdk;Munfhaewmudk csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef; rdoGm;&if igwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;&JUodum tBuD;tus,f usoGm;NyD . . .
q&muvnf; ighudk *dkPf;xJu wpfcgwnf; armif;xkwfvdkufrSm taotcsmyJ . . .}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu . . . .
]][kwfw,fav . . . tpfudkESpftzdkU MunfhomMunfhae&wm odyfvG,fvSwmr[kwfbl; . . . pOf;pm;Munfh
&if;eJU. . . uRefawmfawmif aMumufvmw,f . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . .
]]'geJUigvnf; rSwfEdkifoavmufrSwfNyD; aMumufaMumufvefYvefYeJY wjznf;jznf; aemufqkwfvmcJh&w,f . .
. . aemufaeUawmh igoGm;rMunfh&Jawmhygbl; . . . aemufqHk;awmh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;u ighudkawGUNyD;
aumif;aumif; rGefrGefajymw,f . . . . tpfudkBuD;udk q&mu bmjzpfvdkY dkufESufqHk;r&wmvJwJh . . . . csif;csef
*dkPf;[m awmifBuD;ig;vH;k *dkPf;tzGJU0if r[kwfayr,fh 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY tifrwef &if;ESD;ygowJh . . . *dkPf;om;
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vufESpfzufeJU ighudk tomav; rvdkufw,f . . . olU&JUtwGif;tm;u wu,faMumufp&m aumif;wmyJa[h . . .
ighwpfudk,fvHk; avxJvGifhxGufoGm;awmhrvm; xifoGm;&w,f . . . ightwGif;tm;udk vHk;0xkwfvdkUr&awmhbl; .
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. . olu vufudkjyefkyfNyD; NyHK;&if; ar;w,f . . . ]rif;&JU *dkPf;wl tpfudkBuD;u rif;xuf b,fESpfESpfapmNyD;
*dkPf;xJ0ifcho
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]iguvnf; [kwfygw,f? odkif;ynm oifcJhzl;yg w,f . . . aemufrS 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ a&mufvmwmyg? 0gqef;
*dkPf;xJudk uRefawmfu tpfudkBuD;xuf q,fESpf aemufusNyD;rS a&mufvmwmyg} vdkUajymvdkufw,f . . . 'geJU
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;u NyHK;NyD; ]q,fESpfydkapmwmudk;} vdkY olUbmom a&Gwfovdkvdk ajymw,f . . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
85
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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xdktcg rde;f uav;u ajymvkdufonf/
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avmifwufu NyHK;ajzvdkufonf/
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ighxuf q,fESpfavmufuav; ydkapmwJh tpfudkBuD;&JUodkif;ynmu odyfaumif;Edkifr,f r[kwfbl;qdkwJh oabmrsdK;
vJ jzpfvdrfhr,f . . . .}}
rdef;uav;u bmrSqufrajymawmhbJ Nidrfaeonf . . . ./ avmifwufu qufajymonf/
]]igjyefa&mufawmh igjrifcJhorQ wpfuGufrSrusefatmif q&mhudk jyefajymvdkufw,f . . . . q&mu ighudk
[dk"m;odkif;uGufawG jyefupm;jycdkif;w,f . . . . iguvnf; rSwfrdorQ twdtus jyefupm;jyvdkufwmyJ . . . .
tJ'Dawmh q&muMunfhNyD; bmajymw,frSwfovJ . . . . ]'gu zkusdK;jrdKUu r*FvmtmrcHXme acgif;aqmifBuD;&JU
bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uGufyJ} vdkYajymawmhwmyJ . . .}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkefvIyfoGm;awmhonf/
tajctaet&yf&yfudk NcHKiHkodcsifonfhqErsm;onfvnf; wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh
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bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uGufudk usifh&wmvJvdkY q&mhudkar;rdawmhwmyJ . . . aemufNyD; ightjrift&awmh 'D"m;odkif;uGuf
awGu odyfqef;vSwmvnf; r[kwfygbl; . . . cyfdk;dk;tuGufawGygyJ . . . 'gayr,fh q&majymwmuawmh
awmfawmf pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;w,fuG . . . q&mu ]rif;wdkYrodbl;? csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;&JUq&m
vli,fb0wkef;u vifusefeef&JUtbdk; vifG,fwludk IH;cJhzl;w,f . . . IH;cJh&wmvnf; 'D bDvl;rD;odki;f aMumifhyJ}
wJh . . . igvnf; odyftHhMooGm;wmyJ . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]]tpfudkESpfuvnf; q&mhudkbmjzpfvdkY tjynfhtpHk rar;&wmvJ . . . wpfcgwnf;ar;vdkufa&maygh . . .} [k
ajymvdkufonf/
avmifwufu . . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
86
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;uvnf; pum;qHk;atmifyJ em;axmifprf;ygtHk; . . . tJ'Dawmh q&muqufajymw,f . . . vifG,fwl

qdkwmu vifusefeef&JUtbdk; . . . r*FvmtmrcHXmeBuD;udk pwifwnfaxmifwJhvlwJh . . . tJ'Dwkef;u
vifG,fwl&JU bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;eJU vuf0g;apmif;okdif;ynmawG[m wu,fhudk NydKifpH&Sm; aumif;rGefwmqdkyJ?
'kpkdufodkif;avmuom;rajymeJY txufvrf; odkif;avmuom;awGuawmif vifG,fwlemrnfBuD;vGef;vdkY oGm;NyD;
ynmprf;MuowJh . . . . b,favmufyJprf;prf; prf;wJhvlwdkif; vifG,fwludk HI;Muw,fqdkyJ . . . . tJ'D
HI;oGm;wJhvlawGxJrSm *dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef;&JUq&m csifusdvnf;ygwmayghwJh . . . .}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf olwdkY Murmqdk;0ifcJh&jcif; taMumif;&if;udk wjznf;jznf; Mum;odae&ayNyD/
tjynfhtpHk ajymaeonfh avmifwufudk pdwfwGif;rS Budwf aus;Zl;wifaerd\/
pum;wpfvHk;wavrQ rMum;rdrjzpfatmif txl;*kpdkuf em;axmifvu
dk fonf/
xdkpOf avmifwufu olUpum;udk qufajymaeonf/
]]igu q&mhudk ar;vdkufw,f? bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;u wu,fhudk tm;vHk;udk Edkifwmvm;vdkY . . . . tJ'D
tcgusrS q&mu tjynfhtpHkxyf&Sif;jyw,f . . . *dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef;&JUq&m csif;usdeJY igh&JU t&ifu q&mh q&m[m
odyfcifrifMuw,fqdkyJ . . . . csif;usdu ol vifG,fwludk IH;edrfhcJhwJhtaMumif; vHk;0rajymbl;wJh . . . . 'gayr,fh
igh&JU q&mh q&m qDvmNyD; bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk b,fvkdzsuf&if&rvJqdkwm vmNyD; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;owJh . . .
'gayr,fh zsufuGufudk vHk;0&SmrawGUbJ jzpfaeMuowJh . . . . tJ'Dwkef;u q&mu olwdkYab;em;rSm&Sdaeawmh
'Dodkif;uGufudk rSdwfrdaewmqdkyJ . . . . q&majymwm wu,f,kwd&Sdw,fuG . . . csif;csefawmifay:u igMunfhcJh
wJh odkif;uGuf wpfuGuf ESpfuGufavmuf upm;jyvdkufwmeJY bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;rSef; q&mu aumif;aumif;BuD;
odvkdufawmhwmyJ . . . .}}
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r,SOfEdkifawmhojzifh tvGefpdwf"mwfusaecJo
h nf/
q&maumif;wpfa,mufxHwGif wynfhcH ynmoifNyD;rS csif;csef*dkPf;\ &ufpufrIudk jyefvnfta<u;
qyf&ef ydkif;jzwfxm;cJhonf/
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pdwf"mwfrsm; Edk;Mum;wuf<uvmawmhonf/ olUpdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]vufpowfawmh igwdkYrsdK;dk;tarG bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;u wu,fxufjrufwJh odkif;ynmBuD;udk . . . csif;csef
*dkPf;&JU q&mawmifrS IH;edrfhcJh&wJh odkif;ynm[m b,fomrn tnw&okdif;ynmuav; [kwfvdrfhrvJ . . .
'gayr,fh tazhusawmh bmjzpfvdkY csif;csef*dkPf;&JU wynfhawGudkawmif rEdkifcJh&wmvJ . . . {uE taz[m
'D"m;odkif;&JU wu,fta&BuD;wJh tuGufawGudk r&vdkufzl;eJYwlw,f/}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ tawG;prsm;udk avmifwuf\pum;oHu zsufqD;ypfvdkufonf/ avmifwufu . . .
]]igu q&mhudk ar;Munfhw,f . . . . tck csif;csef*dkPf;u bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uGufawGudk avhusifhaeMu
wmu bmvkyfMuzdkYvJ . . . . 'geJY q&mu qufajymw,f . . . *dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;&JUq&m csif;usd[m tifrwef
oabmxm; ao;odrfwJhvlwJh . . . . ol vifG,fwludk IH;edrfhcJh&wJhtwGuf vHk;0tcJausyHk r&bl;wJh . . . .
aemufNyD; q&mu ydkif;jcm; a0zefjyw,f . . . . wHkjyefjcif;wHkUjyef&if &Dcsef; wHkjyef&rSmu vifG,fwl&JUom;
vifusHK;&efudk wHkYjyef&rSmwJh . . . . tck &Dcsef;vkyfyHkuawmh tawmfav; &,fp&maumif;aeowJh . . . bmjzpfvdkY
vJqdkawmh tJ'Dwek f;utjzpfawGudk bmrS rodawmhwJh vifusefeef vufxufusrS wHkUjyefawmhvdkYwJh . . .}}
vkdku Mum;jzwfar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkESpfu ar;rMunfhbl;vm; . . . bmjzpfvkdUvifusefeefusrS wHkUjyefwmvJvdkU . . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
87
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifwufu . . . .
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tEdkif&ovJvdkY ar;cJhrdw,f/ 'Dawmh q&mu NyHK;NyD; ajymw,f . . . . &Dcsef;&JU odkif;ynmu olYq&mxuf
ydkaumif;w,f . . . . vifusefeef&JU odkif;ynm b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwm rodawmh cefYrSef;&cufw,f . . . .
'gayr,fh vifusefeefwdkYu HI;zdkYrsm;aew,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh vifusefeef udk,fwdkifu olUtbdk;&Jhynmudk
rDyHkr&wmu wpfaMumif; . . . . csif;csef*dkPf;u tarSmifxJu BudwfBuHaewmuwpfaMumif; . . . . tJ'D
ESpfaMumif;aMumifh wdkufyGJrpcifwnf;u r*FvmtmrcHXme[m q,fyHkyHk&if ckepfyHkavmuf HI;aeNyDvdkY q&mu
ajymw,fuG? aemufNyD; ]avmifwuf . . . . rif;'DyGJudk Munfhcsifovm;} wJh}}
em;axmifoltm;vHk; wjznf;jznf; Zmwf&nfvnfvmMuawmhonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;wltpfudk rsm;rSmrl
Mum;y&dowfjzpfae pdwfcHpm;rI odyfr&SMd u/
olwdkUu yGJMunfhy&dwfrQom &SdMuonf/ um,uH&Sif vifrdefusuf tzdkYrSmom rcHcsdrcHom emMunf;rI
rsm;jzifh tHwBudwBf udwfjzifh jzpfae&awmhonf/
avmifwufu . . . .
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wpfckawmh wif;wif;usyfusyfrSmvdkufw,f . . . . wjcm;vlawGudk rajym&bl;wJh? owif;aygufMum;rSm pdk;&drfvdkY
ayghuGm . . . . 'gayr,fh nDrav;uawmh vlvnfuG . . . . olu tifrwefyg;eyfwJh rdef;uav;qdkawmh csufqdk
em;cGufurD;awmufaeNyD . . . . q&mhudk twif;uyfNyD; ylqmaeawmh . . . . q&mvnf; rwwfEdkifawmhbJeJU
igeJYtwl xnfhvu
dk f&wmyJ . . . . tJ'Daemufydkif;usawmh igwdkY&JU vIyf&Sm;rIuav;awG tckvdk p&awmhwmyJ . . .}}
avmifwufonf NyHK;&if; ol\*dkPf;wlnDrav;xHodkY vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
rdef;uav;uvnf; NyHK;aeonf/
]]igwdkYESpfa,muf zkusdK;jrdKUjyifem;rSm&SdwJh t&ufqdkifrSm t&ufa&mif;wJhajr;tbdk; [efaqmifvdkufMuw,f . .
. . aeYwdkif; r*FvmtmrcHXme&JU tajctaeudk oGm;MunfhMuwmyJ . . . . igwdkYoGm;wdkif;vdkvdk vifusefeefeJY
olUom; vifrdefusufwdkY "m;odkif;avhusifhaewm awGU&wmyJ . . . . nDrav;uawmh acgif;wcgcgeJYa[h?
aemufNyD; olYyg;pyfu ajymvdkufao;w,f . . . . ]'gu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;vm;} wJh . . . ]ykGufqdwf"m;odkif;vdkU
emrnfajymif;zdkY aumif;w,f} vdkY wwGwfwGwf ajymaeao;w,f . . . .}}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf w0g;0g;w[m;[m;jzifh &,farmMuawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufrSmrl &SufvGef;ojzifh acgif;udk razmf&Jatmif jzpfaeawmh\/ odkYaomf olUpdwfxJwGif wpfckawmh
csD;usL;aerdonf/
]]vufpowfawmh olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; igwdkYtmrcHXmeudk wdwfwdwfuav; vmavhvm aeMuwmudk; . . .
. igwdkYu vH;k 0awmif rodvdkufMubl; . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . .
]]igwdkYESpfa,muf a&mufvdkYodyfrMumbl; . . . . csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG a&mufvmawmhwmyJa[h . . . t&if
OD;qHk; a&mufvmwJhESpfaumifuawmh [dkvifeJU[kefvifyJ . . . olwdkUESpfa,mufu tmrcHXmeudk aeYwdkif;oGm;NyD;
tajctae avhvmMuw,f . . . . rkqdk;[m olypf&r,fh om;aumif&JU ypfuGif;udk oGm;aG;aeMuovdkyJ . . . . [dk
vifusefeefwYdk rdom;pkuawmh rod&Smbl;a[h . . . . wpfaeUawmh rarQmfvifhyJeJU igwdkU&JUt&ufqdkifudk tmrcH
Xme&JU q&mBuD;&JUom; vifrdefusuf a&mufvmw,f . . . . igwdkYuvnf; rifaoaoeJY t&ufawG xkwfa&mif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
88
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wmyJ . . . . tJ'DtcsdefrSm csif;csef*dkPf;&JU tnHhqHk;wynfhESpfa,mufjzpfwJh usm;avmifqdkwJhaumifeJU a&Smif&DqdkwJh

aumif ESpfaumif a&mufvmMuawmhwmyJ . . . .}}
avmifwufonf pum;pudk jzwfvdkufNyD; a&aEG;Murf;yef;uefudk vSrf;,larmhaomufvdkufonf/
ol\*dkPf;wlnDtpfurkd sm;rS aumif;cef;a&mufrS kwfw&uf &yfvdkufojzifh rdk;rGjzpfoGm;Mu aomaMumifh
avmifwuf a&aEG;Murf;aomufaeonfudk pdwfr&SnfpGmjzifh MunfhaeMuonf/
avmifwufu . . . .
]]tmrcHXmeu vifrdefusuf&JU odkif;ynmuawmh wu,fhtnHhpm;odkif;ynmyg. . . . 'gayr,fh owduawmh
wu,faumif;wJhtaumifuG . . . . *dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef;&JU toHk;ruswJhom; a&Smif&DqdkwJhaumifuawmh vufo&rf;
csifwmu vGefa&m . . . . 'geJU vifrdefusufu rcHcsifjzpfNyD; pwdkufawmhwmyJ . . . .}}
xdkpOf vifrdefusuf &ifwpfckvHk; vIyf&Sm;aeonf/ olUpdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]tJ'Dwkef;u igu a&Smif&DudkowfrdvdkY wHkUjyefa<u;qyfMuwmvdkY txifrSm;cJhw,f . . . . b,f[kwfvdkYvJ . .
. olwdkYu a&S;ya0oPDu &efa<u;qyfzYo
dk ufouf vmMuwmyJ . . . . igu a&Smif&Dudk rowfvnf;
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avmifwufonf a&Smif&DESifh vifrdefusufwdkY wdkufcdkufMuyHkESifh a&Smif&D tidkufrdNyD; "m;xdk;cH aoqHk;oGm;
&yHkudk ajymjyaeonf/
avmifwufu qufajymjyefonf/
]]tJ'DnrSm igwdkYtmrcHXmeudk oGm;MunfhMuw,f . . . . [dkvif? [kefvif? &DvifeJU zef;vifwdkY wynfhBuD;
av;a,mufu csif;csef*dkPf;om; q,fa,mufudk OD;aqmifNyD; tmrcHXmexJuvlawGudk wpfa,mufNyD;
wpfa,muf owfMuawmhwmyJ . . . . tawmfhudk &ufpufwJh vlawGygyJAsm . . . . vlawGudk Muufuav;? iSuf
uav;awG owfovdkudk owfMuwm . . . . XmexJu xGufvmwJhvlreS forQ wpfa,mufrusef owfwmyJ . . .
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vkdku . . . .
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avmifwufu . . . .
]]Munfh&wmuawmh vifusefeefwdkYrdom;pkudk XmexJu armif;xkwfHk vkyfMuwmeJY wlygw,f . . .
vifusefeefwYdk om;trd? om;tzoHk;a,muf xGufvnf;ajy;a&m csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;udk,fwdkif a&mufvmawmh
wmyJ . . . . xl;xl;qef;qef;uGm . . . . r*FvmtmrcHXmexJrSm oHk;&ufawmif aeoGm;vdkufao;w,f . . . .
'Dwpfcsufu awmfawmf pOf;pm;&cufaew,f}} [kajymonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &ifckefoGm;rdonf/ avmifwufuJhodkYyif awG;r&atmif
jzpfoGm;rd\/
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taMumif;&SdvkYv
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avmifwufu . . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
89
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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nDrav;u ighudkajymw,f . . . vifrdefusufu olUtwGufeJY a&Smif&Dudk owfwmwJh . . . 'gaMumifhrdkY tckvdk
tusOf;tusyf tcsdefrsdK;rSm igwdkYu olwdkYudk ulnDoifhw,fwJh . . . iguawmh &Dcsef;eJY jyemrwufcsifvdkY
wm;ygao; w,f? nDrav;u ZGwfqdkZGwfyJ . . . ighpum;udk vufrcHyJ 0ifpGufawmhwmyJ . . . .}}
odkYjzifh olwdkY\nDrav;u usm;avmifudk usifBuD;usifi,f ueftwGif;odkY usoGm;atmif vkyfyHkudk
tao;pdwf ajymjyvdkufonf/
tvGef&,fp&maumif;aomtjzpf jzpfaeojzifh rnfolrQ yg;pyfydwfrxm;EdkifMuawmh/ w0g;0g; w[m;[m;
&,farmaeMuawmh\/
xdkpOf vkdku 0ifajymonf/
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&Sdw,fuG . . . .}}
rdef;uav;u EIwfcrf;pl&if;ajymonf/
]]uRefrrSmbm&nfG,fcsuf&Sd&rSmvJ . . . . r[kwfr[wf avQmufrajymeJYaemf . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]]igu csif;csef*kP
d f;twGufeJY Budrf'Pfq,fcsuf dkufcHvdkuf&w,fr[kwfvm; . . . . nDrav;pdwfxJrSm
rausEdkifrcsrf;EdkifjzpfNyD; tpfudkYtwGuf vufpm;acsvdkufwm r[kwfvm; . . . . aus;Zl;wifygw,fuGm . . .}}
rdef;uav;u cpfceJ &,fvdkufonf/
]]nDrav;u vufpm;acsw,f qdkwmuawmh rSefygw,f? rif;wpfa,mufwnf; twGuf vufpm;acsay;
wmawmh r[kwfbl; . . . . q&mdkufwkef;u rif;wpfa,mufwnf; cH&wmrSr[kwfbJ . . . .}}
avmifwufu &,f&if;ajymonf/
]][kwfw,fuGm . . . . nDrav;u vkdktwGuf vufpm;acsay;&wmyg . . . . igwdkY 0gqef;awmifa&mufvkdY
q&muar;&if 'Dtwdkif;yJajyma[h nDrav; . . . .}}
vkdku xckefum vufw,rf;,rf;jzifh wm;jrpfvdkufavonf/
]]'g . . . 'gawmh rvkyfygeJYnDrav;&m . . . . q&m aemufxyf Budrf'Pfq,fcsuf xyfay;aeygOD;r,f . . .
.}}
rdef;uav;u wcpfcpf&,f&if; . . .
]][if; . . . tpfudkajcmufu Budrf'Pfq,fcsufudk tusdK;rJh tdkufcH&wmrS r[kwfwm? tusdK;&Sd&SdeJY
tdkufcH&wmrsm; aMumufae&ao;ovm; . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]]bk&m;a& . . . tdkufcH&wmrsm; tusdK;&Sd&Sd tdkufcH&w,fvdkY nDrav; vufxufusrS Mum;zl;w,f . . .}}
rdef;uav;url t&,frysufacs/
]][if; . . . [efaqmifcsifao;w,f? uRefr rodbl;rSwfaeovm; . . . . tpfudkajcmuf wpfa,mufwnf;
awmifukef;aemufrSm ajcaxmufudk aemufjyefuefavhusifhaewmav . . . . opfyifawGudk ,kdifaewmyJ . . .
wpfyifrS wnfhwnfhrwfrwf r&Sdawmhbl; . . . 'gu tpfukdBuD;qDu cdk;oifvdkY tusdK;&SdoGm;wm r[kwfvm; . . .}}
vkdkonf kwfw&uf &SufoGm;ojzifh rsufESmBuD; eDjref;vmawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
90
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD;u [dkvifeJY [kefvifwdkYudk wpfcsufwnf;eJY uefcsvdkufwm jrifvdkuf&awmh igvnf; odyftm;us

oGm;w,f? 'gaMumifh igu tpfudkBuD;qDu rdausmif;jrD; ajcuefenf;udk oifvdkuf&wmyg . . . tpfudkBuD;
udk,fwdkif oifay;wm[}}
rdef;uav;u . . . .
]]'gjzifh tpfudkajcmuf tck wwfoGm;NyDaygh . . . .}}
]]BuHBuHzefzef 'DavmufvG,fvG,fav;eJY wwfyghrvm; . . . . bmvJ nDrav;uaum oifcsifvdkYvm; . . .
nDrav;oifcsif&if tpfudkBuD;u rif;udkoifay;rSmaygh . . . .}}
rdef;uav;u EIwfcrf;pl&if; . . .
]][if; . . . [kwfw,f? tpfudkajcmuf oifNyD;awmhrS uRefru aemufuvdkufoif&r,f . . . . b,fawmhrS
roifao;bl; odvm; . . . .}}
xdkpOf tjcm;wpfa,mufu 0ifar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkESpf . . . . nDrav;u usm;avmifudk uefcsvdkufawmh aemuf bmjzpfoGm;ao;ovJ . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]][dk zef;vifqdkwJhaumifu ,kwfrmoavmuf rsufpdodyfvsifwJhaumifuG . . . nDrav;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;
urSef; odoGm;awmh enf;enf;vefUoGm;Muw,f . . . rvefYb,fcHEkdifrvJuG . . . [J[J [J . . . tpfukdBuD;u
olwdkYudk erlem jyNyD;oGm;NyD r[kwfvm;? nDrav;u vifrdefusufudk vTwfay;zdkY BudK;pm;w,f . . . [dk . . .
zef;vifeJY &DvifqdkwJh ow0gESpfaumifu oabmrwlMubl;uG? 'geJY nDrav;uvnf; igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU
aq;vHk;udkxkwfNyD; vufzuf&nfMurf;eJY azsmfwdkufvdkufawmhwmyJ . . . .}}
vkdku . . . .
]]'Dcsif;csef*dkPf;u aumifawGuawmh wpfa,mufrS vlaumif;r[kwfbl;eJY wlygw,f . . . toHk;rus
vdkufwmuvnf; vGefyga&m . . . . <um;csifvdkufwmuvnf; vGefyga&m . . . &ufpufvdkufwmuvnf;
vGefyga&myJ . . . .}}
[kajymonf/
avmifwufu . . . .
]]at; . . . . 'Dvl,kwfrmawG,Hkatmif awmfawmfuav; vkyfvdkuf&wm . . . . 'Drl;aq;u odyfjyif;wm . . .
rif;wdkYvnf; odMuom;yJ? [dkzef;vifwdkYESpfaumifuawmh aomufudk raomuf&Jwm . . . . vifrdefusufqdkwJh
aumifuawmh wu,fh owdcJaumifuGm . . . wu,fhudk armhcsypfwmyJ . . . . aomufvnf;aomuf arhvnf;arh
awmhwmyJ . . . . aq;uvnf;jyif; vifrdefusuf&JUtwGif;tm;uvnf; raumif;awmh wu,fhvlaovdkjzpfoGm;
wmyJ . . . zef;vifqdkwJhaumifu wu,fhvlvnfuG . . . . 'DavmufwHk;ceJ vJoGm;wmawmifrS r,Hkao;bl;uG .
. . toufSLrSLudk prf;Munfhao;w,f . . . .}}
ukefonfvdkvlu . . . .
]]tJ'Daumifudk 'Dtwdkif; ypfxm;cJhMuwmyJvm; . . . . bmjzpfoGm;ao;vJ . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]]igeJY nDrav;u vifrdefusufudk wGif;wl;NyD; jrKyfypfcJhwmyJ . . . 'gayr,fh wGif;0rSm opfudkif;eJY
ausmufwHk;awGcHNyD; avSLayguf&atmif vkyfxm;cJhMuw,f . . . . [dkaumifESpfaumifuawmh vifusefeefwdkY
vifr,m;udk zrf;ac:NyD; xGufoGm;Muw,f . . . igwdkYuvnf; vifrdefusufudk jrKyfNyD;wmeJY csif;csef*dkPf;aemuf
qufvdkufcJhMuwmyJ . . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
91
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtcgrS rdef;uav;onf ol\ toufocif aus;Zl;&SifjzpfaMumif; vifrdefusuf

aumif;pGm oabmayguf em;vnfoGm;awmh\/
,cifu rdef;uav;tay: xm;&SdcJhonfh rauseyfcsufrsm;onf avESif;wdrfES,f vGifhyg;aysmufjy,f
oGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkpOf olwkdYtm;vHk; qmavmifMu[efjzifh pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm; rSmMum;pm;aomufMuawmhonf/
pm;aomuf&if; ajymaompum;rsm;rSm csif;csef*dkPf;ESifhvnf;aumif;? vifrdefusufESifhvnf;aumif; rnfodkYrQ
ryufoufacs/
avmifwufonf 0gqef;*dkPf;\ 'kwd,wynfhjzpf\/wwd,wynfhrmS vefzm;jzpfonf/
pwkwwynfhrSm pDusdKufqdkoljzpfNyD; . . . yrwynfhrSm aumif;wef;jzpfonf/
q|rwynfhrSm rsufvSnfhorm;ESifhwlol vkdkjzpfNyD; owrwynfhrSm xdkrdef;uav;yifjzpfawmhonf/
xdkpOf eHygwfoHk;vefzm;u . . .
]]tpfudkESpf apmapmuajymwJh pum;xJrSm *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;[m . . . r*FvmtmrcHXmexJrSm oHk;&ufawmif
aeoGm;w,fvkYyd gw,f . . . tJ'gbmjzpfvdkYvJ . . . taMumif;rJhoufoufawmh vmaeyHkr&ygbl; . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]]ckudprSm... *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;vkyforQ taMumif;rJhwm wpfckrSr&Sdbl;uG . . . olu aoaocsmcsmudk pepf
wus tuGufcsNyD;rS vufoD;ykef;xdk;vdkufwm . . . . tvif;&Sdaom tiftm;BuD;rm;onfh &efolxuf tarSmifxJ
&Sdaom tiftm;ao;i,fonfh &efoludk ydkaMumuf&onf qdkwJhpum; rMum;zl;Mubl;vm;? tarSmifudk
tumtuG,f ,lxm;wmudku aMumufp&mtiftm; jzpfoGm;awmhwmyJ . . . . *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;&JY csif;csef*dkPf;
qdkwmu enf;enf;aemaem *dkPf;BuD;rS r[kwfbJ . . . 'Dvdk*dkPf;BuD;rsdK;u tarSmifxJu vkyfBuHw,fqkad wmh . . .
r*FvmtmrcHXmexuf tiftm;awmifhwif;wJh XmersdK;awmif NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;rSm taotcsmyJ}}
avmifwufonf ol pm;aomufaeonfhudpudk tpowfvdkufNyD; taotcsm jyefajymonf/
]]nDrav;u vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m;udkygu,fzdkY ajymw,f . . . igwkdYtzdkY vifrdefusufudk u,fvdkufwm
awmif csif;csef*dkPf;eJY awmfawmfav; rsufESmysufp&mjzpfaeNyD . . . . vifrdefusufudkawmh u,foifhygw,fav .
. . olu nDrav;udk ulnDcJhzl;w,fr[kwfvm; . . . 'Dae&mrSm csif;csef*dkPf;om;r[kwfbJeJY wjcm;
r[mrdwfr[kwfwJh *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;jzpfae&if taMumif;r[kwfbl; . . . wpfbufuvnf; rsufESmaxmufp&mawG
&Sdaeawmh . . . wifayzl;onfh aus;Zl;&Sdvsuf tqyfcufqdkwJhudef; qdkufae&w,f? vifusefeefwYdk vifr,m;
udkawmh uroumyJ oabm xm;vdkuf&w,f . . . .}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf 0gqef;*dkPf;om; avmifwufESifh rdef;uav;jzpfolwdkYtm; Budwf aus;Zl;wifaerdonf/
olwpfyg;\ aus;Zl;udk tpOftjrJ owd&wwfaom tusifhpdkufonf ol,kwfrmwdkY r&Sdwwfay/
avmifwufu qufajymonf/
]]igwdkYarmifESr ESpfa,mufuvnf; zkusdK;jrdKUudk jyefa&mufvmNyD; jyefMunfhawmh bmajymaumif;rvJ . . .
csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG[m r*FvmtmrcHXmeBuD; wpfckvHk;udk apmifhMuyfaeawmhwmyJa[h . . . . bmjzpfvdkY
'Davmuf apmifhMuyfae&wmvJvdkY igwdkYarmifESrESpfa,mufawmif tcsif;csif; ar;rdMuao;w,f . . . . igwdkYvnf;
odyfodcsif wmeJY nbufusrS wdwfwdwfuav; 0ifMunfhMuw,f . . . olwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG bmvkyf
aeMuw,f rSwfovJ . . . tmrcHXmeBuD;wpfckvHk; arTaESmuf&SmazGaevdkufMuwm ajrwGif;xJu<uufawmif
ykef;p&m r&Sdawmhavmufatmif jzpfaew,f . . . aTawG aiGawG &wemawGuvnf; tvQHty,fyJ?
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
92
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
'gawGawGYvnf; ab;rSm yHkxm;vkdufwmyJuG . . . qufNyD; &SmjyefwmyJ . . . olwdkYu ta&;BuD;wJhypnf;wpfckudk

r&rae &SmaeMuw,fqdkwm odyfxif&Sm;w,f . . .}}
wwd,nD vefzm; u . . .
]]tpfudkESpf r[kwfrSvGJa&m olwdkY&Smaewm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;udk &Smaewmjzpf&r,f . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . igeJY nDrav;vnf; 'Dtwdkif;wGufMuwmyJ . . . olwdkYvkyfwm Munfhygvm; . . . r*Fvm
tmrcHXmexJrSm &SdwJhvlawGudk wpfa,mufrusef armif;xkwfNyD;rS XmewpfckvHk; pdwfBudKuf&SmMuwmyJ . . .
'gayr,fh olwu
dkY dk Munfh&wmawmh bmrS&SmawGUyHk r&Mubl; . . .}}
vkdku 0ifar;onf/
]]tpfudkESpfwdkYu b,fuae ykef;NyD; MunfhaeMuwmvJ}}
avmifwufu &,f&if;ajymonf/
'DvdkyJ tE&m,fuif;r,fhae&mu ykefNyD; Munfhae&wmayghuG . . . 'gayr,fh igwdkYESpfa,mufvnf; quf
rMunfhEkdifawmhygbl; . . . olwdkYu ae&mtESHU ydkufpdyfwdkufNyD; &SmMuwmudk; . . . 'geJY igwdkYvnf; jyefvpf
xGufvm &wmyJ . . .}}
xdkpOf eHygwfig; aumif;wef;u 0ifar;jyefonf/
]]tpfudkESpf bmjzpfvdkY olwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk,fwdkif qif;vmwmvJ . . . olwynfhawGcsnf;
vTwfvdkuf&ifvnf; NyD;wmyJr[kwfvm; . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]]csif;csef*dkPf;u t&ifwpfqufwkef;u vifG,fwludk IH;edrfhcJh&w,f . . . 'DbDvl;rD;"m;okdif;ukd tIH;ay;cJh&
wmyJ . . . tck vifusefeefqdkwJhvl vufxufusawmh olYbdk;ab;awGxuf ydkawmfrawmfqdkwm b,fol
uodEdkifrvJ . . . wu,fvdkY *dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef;u olYwynfhawGudkom apvTwfNyD; aqmifGufcdkif;&if odyfaygh&m
usrSmaygh . . . tck vifusefeefu nHhaevdkYaygh . . . . rnHh&if csif;csef*dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk; ajrwGif;xJa&mufae
avmufNyD}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf rdrdwdkY\ rsdK;qufusrS odkif;ynm nHhzsif;ae&onfudk &Sufrdawmh\/ tcsdefu ukefvGef
cJhavNyD/
rdrdwdkY\ nHhzsif;rIu rdrdwdkYtm; qHk;HI;ysufpD;jcif;odkY a&muf&SdcJhavNyD/ xkdpOf avmifwuf\ av;eufaom
pum;oHrsm;udk Mum;&jyefonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyf&Dcsef;[m tifrwef pepfwus vkyfwwfw,fqdkwm igajymcJhw,fr[kwfvm; . . . cRwf,Gif;
csufuav; wpfckaMumifh olUtpDtpOfBuD; wpfckvHk; ysufpD;oGm;&r,hf tjzpfrsdK;udk &Dcsef;u b,fawmhrS
ta&mufcHrSm r[kwfbl;uG . . . . ]trsm;BuD;aumif;rS wpfckomaumif;rnf} qdkwJhxHk;udk &Dcsef;u ESvHk;rlw,f?
'Dawmh oludk,fwdkifqif;vmNyD; trSm;t,Gif;r&Sdatmif BuD;Muyfawmhwmaygh . . . 'gayr,fh olUtrlt&m
Munfh&wmawmh vufpm;acswmudk t"duxm;yHkr&ygbl; . . . [dk bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk vdkcsifwmu t"du
jzpfyHk&w,f . . .}}
eHygwfav; pD;usdKufu . . . .
]]tpfudkESpf ajymwkef;u . . . olwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;om;awGu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uGufawGudk avhusifhxm;
Muw,fqdk . . . 'D"m;odkif;uGufawGudk wwfxm;vsufeJY bmjzpfvdkY 'D"m;odkif;usrf;udk tyifyef;cHNyD; &Smae&
wmvJ . . . wjcm;ypnf;wpfck &Smwmaum rjzpfEdkib
f l;vm; . . .}} [kar;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
93
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifwufu acgif;udk cg,rf;jyonf/

]]jzpfEdkifyghrvm; nDav;& . . . &Dcsef;vdk xdyfoD;odkif;q&mBuD; wpfa,mufu odkif;ynmuvGJ&if wjcm;
bmudkrS pdwf0ifpm;rSm r[kwfbl; . . . igwdkYu tckudprSm olwdkYaemufudk t&dyfvdk vdkufaeMuwJholawGqdkawmh
aoaocsmcsm ykdodwmaygh . . . &Dcsef;u vrf;c&D;rSmawGUwJh olY&JUtzGJUawGudk ar;wJhar;cGef;u wpfckwnf; . . .
]igvkdcsifwJhypnf;awGU&JUvm;} wJh . . . awGUwJh wynfhwdkif;uvnf; acgif;csnf;cgMuwmyJ . . . .}}
pD;usdKufonf Pfxufjrufol r[kwfojzifh olYpdwfxJrausvnfaom xkdar;cGef;udkyif xyfar;jyef onf/
]]olwdkYu 'D"m;odkif;uGufudkvnf; wwfao;w,f . . . 'D"m;odkif;pmtkyfvnf; &Smao;w,f . . . bmoabm
vJ . . . uRefawmfawmh vHk;0oabmraygufbl; . . .}}
avmifwufu jznf;nif;pGm &Sif;jyonf/
]]nDav; pOf;pm;Munfhav . . . vifG,fwl vufxufwkef;u csif;csef*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfcsifusdudk
vifG,fwlu tomuav; tEdkif,lcJhw,f . . . olU&JU bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; odyfaumif;w,fqdkwm odyfaocsm
aewmaygh . . . 'gayr,fh tcktjzpftysufudk igajymjyvdkY rif;wdkYtm;vHk;odNyD;MuNyD . . . vifusefeef
b,favmuf cHoGm;&ovJ . . . trJzsufovdkudk tzsufcHvdkuf&wm . . . 'Dawmh vifusefeef&JU vufxJrSm&SdaewJh
odkif;ynm[m wpfckckawmh rSm;aeNyDqdkwm xif&Sm;aewmaygh . . . .}}
pD;usdKufu . . .
]]bmrsm; rSm;aevdkYvJ tpfudkESpf& . . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . .
]]'DbDvl;rD; "m;odkif;uGufxJrSm ta&;BuD;wJh vQdKU0SufusifhpOf aysmufaevdkYjzpf&r,f . . . 'gaMumifh 'D"m;odkif;
u olUpGrf;&nfudk a&ukefa&crf; tHhMooGm;Muatmif rjyEdkifbJjzpfae&wmaygh? vifusefeefu,
dk fwdkifvnf;
'DvQdKU0SufusifhpOfudk &vdkuf[ef rwlbl; . . . tay:,H "m;uGufav;avmufom wwfuRrf;cJhvdrfhr,f?
'DvQdKU0SufusihfpOfudkom ol&cJh&if olUwpfzGJUom;vHk; . . . olUrdom;pktm;vHk; 'Davmuf'kua&mufaewJh
tcsdefrsdK;rSm xkwfoHk;awmhrSmaygh . . . . tck r&vkdufawmh olwpfyg;&JUvufxJrSm olrsm;jyKorQ Ek&r,fhb0ukd
a&mufaeMu&&SmNyD . . . .}}
pD;usdKufu twefMumatmif pOf;pm;vdkufao;onf/ NyD;rS
]]aMomf . . . vufpowfawmh 'Dvdkudk;? 'gayr,fh olwdkYcsif;csef*dkPf;u olrsm;&JU bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; usifhpOfudk
bmjzpfvdkY'Davmuf tirf;r&jzpfae&wmvJ . . .}}
avmifwufu NyHK;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]nDav; . . . csif;csef*dkPf; &JU "m;odkif;ynmu igwdkUawmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;ynm
eJY,SOf&if b,fvdkaervJ? nDav;&JUxifjrifcsuf ajymprf;ygOD; . . . .}}
pD;usdKufu . . .
]]tpfudkESpfuvnf; uRefawmf b,fcefUrSef;wwfrvJ}}
avmifwufu rnfodkUrQ rajymao;bJ pD;usdKuf\ tajzudkxyfraH pmifhqdkif;aeonf/ pD;usdKufonf
EdIifEdIif;qq avoHjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]csif;csef*dkPf;&JJU"m;odkif;u awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;udk rrDbl;eJYwlw,f . . . .}}
xdktcg avmifwufu auseyfpGmNyHK;&if; ajymvdkufonf?
]][kwfw,f rrDbl; . . . tJ'Dvkd rrDbJjzpfaewmudku 'DjyemawGjzpfapcJhwmyJ . . . . &Dcsef;u odyf
b0ifjrifhwJhvl . . . . olu olrsm;xuf tjrJwrf; ESmwpfzsm;avmuf ausmcsifwJhvl . . . olwdkU&JU"m;odik f;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
94
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmifBuD;ig;vH;k *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;xuf 0g;wpfdkufavmuf aemufusaewm olUtaeeJU b,favmuf

tcH&cufaervJ . . . wu,fvdkU 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;rSm wu,fhvQdKU0SufusifhpOf&SdcJh&if 'DusifhpOftwdkif;
bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uGufudkoHk;&if wu,fhvQrf;vQrf;awmufodkif;uGuf jzpfvmrSmyJ? tpGrf;odyfxufrSmu
taotcsmyJ . . . 'Dvdkqdk&if 'DusifhpOfudk csif;csef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;xJrSm xnfhoHk;vdkuf&ifaum . . .}}
xdktcgusrS pD;usdKuf oabmaygufoGm;\/ ol\aygifudk wpfcsufdkufum . . .
]][kwfNyD . . . tckrS oabmaygufawmhw,f . . . vufpowfawmh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;[m "m;odkif;tzGJU
tm;vHk;xJrSm Adv
k fwumhbk&if vkyfcsifaewmudk; . . . awmfawmfav; tBuHBuD;wJhvlyJ ....}}
xdkpOf . . . tcef;axmifhwpfae&m&Sd 0ufom;vHk;rsm; xrf;a&mif;aom tbdk;BuD;u kwfw&uf ajymvkduf
onf/
]]vmNyD . . . vmNyD? jrefjrefoGm;Muawmh . . .}}
tbdk;BuD;\ ta&;wBuD;ajymvdkufonfh xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg aumif;wef;u tvefYwMum;
jyefar;vdkuf\/
]]b,folvJ . . . b,folvmwmvJ? &Dcsef;vm; . . .}}
0ufom;vHk;a&mif;aom tbdk;BuD;onf pum;jyefrajymawmhbJ ol\yg;pyfudk wpfcsufGJUjyvdkufum ol\
opfom;armif;udk wa'gufa'gufjzifh acgufaeawmh\/
qdkifwGif;&Sd vlrsm;tm;vHk;onf qdkifjyifvrf;ray:odkU vSrf;MunfhrdMu\/ rdk;a&xJrS ajcoHrsm;udk pwif
Mum;vdkufMu&onf/
ajcoHrsm;onf vsifjrefpGm avQmufvmjcif;jzpfaMumif; odomaomvnf; toHrSm wdk;nif;vSaMumif;
tm;vHk;u owdjyKvdu
k frdMuonf/
rsm;rMumrD qdkifxJodkY r,foDv&Sifwpfpk 0ifa&mufvmMuawmh\/
udk,fvHk;udk,fxnf BuD;rm;vSaom r,foDv&SifBuD;wpfyg;onf a&SUqHk;rS0ifvmNyD; 0if0ifjcif; us,favmif
pGm atmf[pfvku
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]]a[h vifh[lcsHK; . . . xGufcJhprf; . . .}}
avmifwufwdkYwpfodkufonf xdkr,foDv&SifBuD;udk awGU&onfESifh uref;uwef; rwfwyf&yfum tdktao
ay;vdkufMu\/
avmifwufu y#doEm& pum;qdkvdkufonf/
]]q&mrBuD; aeaumif;ygw,faemf . . .}}
xdkr,foDv&SifBuD;\ trnfrSm wifh&Djzpfonf/
olronf awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;tzGJU0ifjzpfaom [efqef;awmifrS [efqef;*dkPf;\*dkPf;csKyf
r,foDv&SifBuD; wifh0Sef\ *dkPf;wlnDrjzpf\/
r,foDv&SifBuD;wifh&Donf ol\ [efqef;*dkPf;wGif emrnfausmfHkrQru odkif;avmuwpf0Sef;wGifvnf;
emrnfBuD;oljzpfonf/
vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;onf wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;[kqdkvQif aMumuf'l;wkefoGm;Muonfomjzpf\/
olronf avmifwufudk vHk;0*krpdkufbJ pGwfatmfaeonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . igaumif;aumif;ac:aew,faemf . . . b,frSm oGm;ykef;aewmvJ . . . xGufvmcJhprf; . . .}}
olr\toHonf qdkifcef;wpfcef;vHk;udk yGufavmnHoGm;apawmhonf/
a,musfm;oHxufyif us,favmif Murf;wrf;aeao;onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
95
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifwufu . . . .
]]q&mrBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK; 'DrSmr&Sdygbl; . . . . uRefawmfwdkUtm;vHk; tpfudkBuD;udk apmifhaeMu
wmyg . . . ckxufxd a&mufrvmao;ygbl; . . .}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf em;axmifae&if; pdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]vufpowfawmh . . . 'Dr,foDv&SifBuD;[m apmapmuolwUdk wpfcsdefvHk; trTrf;wifaewJh tpfukdBuD;udk
vdkuf&Smaewmudk;? 0gqef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;wlnDtpfukd nDrawG wpfavQmufvHk;ajymaewJhpum;awGxJrSm tpfudkBuD;
tpfudkBuD;eJU emrnfawmif rac:Mubl; . . . tckrS emrnfod&awmhw,f . . . vifh[lcsHK;wJh? Mum;&wmeJUyJ
'DaumifBuD;[m tifrwefjyem&SmwJh aumifBuD; jzpf&r,f . . . Munfh&wm tJ'Dvifh[lcsHK;qdkwJh vl[m
'Dr,foDv&SifBuD;udk oGm;&efprdjyefNyDeJUwlw,f . . . . ,rf;tdk;BuD; rD;IdYvdkufovdkygyJvm; . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf qdkifwpfqkid fvHk; wpfvufrrQrusefatmif pl;pl;&S&SMunfhvdkuf\/
wu,fyif vifh[lcsHK;r&SdaMumif; awGUvdkuf&aomtcgrS rdef;uav;bufodkU rsufESmvSnfhvmawmhonf/
rdef;uav;\ rsufESmudk aphaphMunfhum . . .
]]rif;uvdefvdefvm; . . . . bmjzpfvdkYrsufESmudk 'DavmufaMumufp&maumif;atmif kyfzsufxm;wmvJ . . .}}
[kar;vdkuf\/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\ toHonf . . . raysmhaysmif;aomfvnf; apmapmuuJhodkU wif;rmvSawmhonf
r[kwfacs/
xdkYaMumifh rdef;uav;u &,farm&if; ajzvdkuf\/
]]vlqdk;wpfa,mufu vdefvdefYudk 'kuay;aevdkUyg . . . 'gaMumifh vdefvdefu kyfzsufNyD; tJ'Dvlqdk;udk
a&Smifykef;ae&wm}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\a'goonf kwfjcnf;aygufuGJ xGufvmjyefawmhonf/
]]b,faumifvJ . . . . rif;udk 'kuay;aewm? 'Daumifu bmaumifrdkU 'Davmuf twifh&Jae&wmvJ[if . .
. olUudkajymvdkufprf; . . . rif;vkyfcJhwJh tvkyfrSeforQ igcdkif;vdkY vkyf&wmvdkY tJ'gudk rauseyf&if wifh&DqD
oGm;vdkY vTwfvu
dk fprf; . . . awmuf ighudk bmrSwfaeovJ . . . tJ'DaumifudkawGU&if ta&cGHcGmypfvkdufr,f . . .}}
rdef;uav;u NyHK; ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mrBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifygw,f . . . tck uRefrudk 'kuay;aewJhvlqdk;vnf; xGufajy;oGm;ygNyD . . . 'DrSm
r&Sdawmhygbl;? 'geJY tpfudkBuD;u q&mrBuD;udk bmrsm; apmfum;rdvdkufovJ rodbl; . . . tpfudkBuD;udk,fpm;
uRefru uefawmhNyD; awmif;yefygw,f . . . . q&mrBuD;taeeJY trdkuftrJawGjzpfwJh uRefrwdkU nDtpfudk
armifESr wpfodkufudk cGifhvTwfygaemf . . . .}}
vdefvdefonf 'l;axmufcs&if; uefawmhvdkuf\/ wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u olrtm; ruefawmh&ef
wm;vdkufao;onf/
olronf a'gorajyao;ojzifh wSL;SL;w&SJ&SJjzpfaeao;onf/
]]rif;wdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;[m wynfhawGtay:rSm xdef;csKyfrI tawmfuav; avsmh&Jvmygvm; . . . wynfh
awGudk t&rf;tvdkvdkufawmh wynfhawGuvnf; vkyfcsif&mawG avQmufvkyfaeMuawmhwmyJ . . . at; . . . .
'DudpNyD;jywf&if igudk,fwdkif 0gqef;awmifudk vmcJhr,f . . . rif;wdkUq&meJU&Sif;udk&Sif;&OD;r,f . . . .}}
vdefvdefonf tvGefpdwfyloGm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh uref;uwrf;wm;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
96
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mrBuD; aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh tcktcsdefrSm tazhqDudk roGm;ygeJYOD; . . . tckwavmuav;wifyJ

tpfudkBuD;[m Budrf'PfoHk;q,f tdkufcHxm;&w,f . . . tazu tjypfay;wmyg . . . tckwpfcg oGm;ajym&if
awmh tazuxyfdkufOD;rSmyJ . . . tpfudkBuD;vnf;aorSmyJ . . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u
]][if; . . . 'Dvdkwd&pmefrsdK;vm;? avmuBuD;rSm touf&Sifaewmxuf aowmuydkaumif;w,f . . .
tvum; qefukefajrav;yJ . . . 'DrSm vdefvdef nnf;u ighudk vdrfaew,faygh[kwfvm; . . . vifh[lcsHK;u
Budrf'PfoHk;q,fawmif tdkufcHxm;&w,fqdkawmh vrf;ravQmufEkdifbl;aygh . . . tck . . . b,fhES,f
vrf;ravQmufEdkifwJhaumifu ighwynfhrav;udk cdk;oGm;&wmvJ . . . ajymprf; . . .}} [kar;awmhonf/
onfpum; Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; OD;acgif;udk rdk;BudK;xdrSefoGm;onfhES,f
xdwfvefYwMum;jzpfNyD; rsufpdrsufESm ysufukefMuawmh\/
vdefvdefrSmrl idkvkrwwf jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ olru wkef,ifaom avoHjzifh ...
]]rjzpfEkdifbl; . . . 'gawmh b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifbl; . . . tpfukdBuD; b,favmufyJ ZGwfwGwfvkyfwwf
vkyfwwf q&mrBuD;wdkY&JU [efqef;*dkPf;u tpfrawGudkawmh olb,fawmhrS rxd&Jbl;? q&mrBuD;Mum;&wJh
owif;[m olrsm;vkyfBuHajymwJh owif;jzpfrSmyg . . .}} [k jyefajz&Smonf/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf rdk;Ncdrf;oHuJYodkY atmf[pf ajymvdkufonf/
]]&DuGrf; . . . vmprf;? rif; csHK;&efjrdKUrSm bmawGawGUcJhw,fqdkwmudk ajymjyvdkufprf; . . . .}}
xdktcg r,foDv&Sifwpfyg; avQmufxm;vmonf/ toufav;q,fcefY&SdNyD; wnfMunfaom kyfvuPm
vnf;&Sd\/ olru . . .
]]tck . . . uRefrajymwJhpum;awG[m trSefawGqdkwm opmqdk&Jygw,f . . . uRefru csHK;&efjrdKUrSm
udk,fwdkifudk,fus awGUcJh&wmyg . . . vifh[lcsHK;[m t&ufqdkifBuD;wpfqdkifay:rSm uRefr wdkU&JU*dkPf;wlnDrav;
&DvifeJUtwl t&ufaomufaeygw,f . . . nDrav;&Dvif[m b,fvdkt&ufaomufrSmvJ . . . . vifh[lcsHK;u
twif;tusyf aomufcdkif;vdkYom aomufae&wmjzpfrSmaygh . . . olY&JUtrlt&m[m aMumufGHUwkefvIyfwmawG&,f
. . . . aMuuGJaewmawG&,f pkaygif;aew,fvdkY uRefr xifw,f . . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;url taMumif;udk Mum;odcJhNyDjzpfaomfvnf; ,ck 'kwd,tBudrf Mum;vdkuf&jyef
onfwGif a'go[kef;[kef; xvmjyefawmhonf/
a'go tvGex
f Gufvmojzifh a&SU&Sdpm;yGJcHkudk vufjzifh 0kef;ceJdkufcsvdkuf\/
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSmrl rsufESmrxm;wwfatmif t&Suf&aerdMuawmhonf/
olwdkYtm;vHk;\pdwfwGif pOf;pm;aeonfhtcsufrSm wpfcsufwnf;om jzpfae\/
]]'Dwpfcg tpfudkBuD;vkyfyHkuawmh wu,fhudk vGefaeNyD? olUbmom olawmif;pm;eJY t&uftwlwl
aomufwmu ta&;rBuD;bl; . . . b,fhES,f r,foDv&Sifwpfyg;udk t&ufqdkifac:oGm;NyD; t&ufwdkufcdkif;&
wmvJ . . . vGefw,f . . . wu,hfudkvGefw,f? ydkqdk;oGm;wmu 'Dr,foDv&Sifuav;u [efqef;*dkPf;u
jzpfaewmyJ . . . q&mrBuD;wifh&Duvnf; a'goodyfBuD;awmh awmfawmhudk ajz&Sif;&r,fh udpyJ . . . tpfudkBuD;
udk q&mu aoatmifrdkufawmhbl;qdk&ifawmh *dkPf;xJu armif;xkwfrSmaocsmNyD}}
vdefvdefrSmrl rsuf&nfrsm; jynfhvQHvsuf&Sdaeawmhonf/olru wkef,ifaomavoHuav;jzifh . . .
]]q&mrBuD; . . . tpfr&duGrf;u vlrsm;rSm;oGm;ovm; rqdkEdkifygbl; . . . vlrSm;NyD; tpfudkBuD;vdkU
ajymrdvdkufwmvm;}} [kar;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
97
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r,foDv&Sif &duGrf;u rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfomG ;onf/ olr a'goudkrl zdwfvQHusrvmatmif xdef;odrf;

vdkufEdkifonf/ at;pufaomavoHjzifh vdefvdeftm; ajymvkdufonf/
]]uRefr b,fvdk vlMunfhrSm;&rSmvJ . . . nDrav;&Dvifqdkwmu uRefrwdkYeJU tNrJwrf; wwGJwGJaewJh
*dkPf;wlnDrav;yJ? olUudk rrSwfrdbJ b,f&SdyghrvJ . . . vifh[lcsHK;&JU yHkyef;oPmefudkaum uRefru tMunfh
rSm;yghrvm; . . . olUkyfudk uRefr jrifzl;xm;wmyJ . . .}}
vdefvdefu . . .
]]tJovdk awGUvsufom;eJY tpfr&duGrf;u bmjzpfvdkU &Dvifudk rac:vdkuf&wmvJ . . . wpfcgwnf; ac:cJh&if
'DavmufjyemawG Iyfrukefbl;aygh . . . .}} [kajymrdonf/
&duGrf;u ...
]][if; . . . [if; . . . uRefr b,fac:&JrvJ . . .}}
vdefvdefu . . .
]]tpfrudk tpfudkBuD;u twif;t&ufac:wdkufcdkif;rSm pdk;vdkUvm; . . .}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tm;vHk;u &,fcsifyufusd jzpfoGm;Mu\/ odkYaomf r&,f&JMu?
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;&Sdaeonfav/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u atmf[pfwm;jrpfvdkufonf/
]]vdefvdef pum;Munfhajymprf; . . . t&rf;avQmufajymraeeJU . . . .}}
&duGrf;u ol\pum; cdkifrmoGm;ap&efquf&Sif;jyonf/
]]olwdkUpm;yGJrSm wjcm;vlwpfa,muf&Sdaew,f . . . tJ'Dvlr&Sd&if nDrav;udk uRefrac:cJhrSmyg . . . tJ'DvleJY
rawGU&JvdkU uRefr rac:yJxm;cJh&wm . . .}}
vdefvdefu . . .
]]b,folrdkUvdkUvJ . . . .}}
&duGrf;u . . . r,foDv&Sifu xpfxpfaighaighjzifh ajzvdkufonf/
]]xif . . . xifayg . . .}}
]xifayg} [lonfhtrnfudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ork'&ma&rsm; vufwpfckyfpmrQ jzpfoGm;onfudk
awGUvdkuf&olrsm;ES,f ][m} ceJ jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ tm;vHk;vdkvdk ,drf;wdkufxm;MuonfhES,f wpfNydKifeuf
rwfwwf &yfvkdufrdMuonf/
xifaygqdkonfh vlonf vlaumif;wpfa,muf r[kwfacs/ odkif;avmxJwGif ]wpfudk,fawmf yef;bDvl;} [k
emrnfBuD;aeoljzpf\/
odkif;avmuom;tm;vHk;onf 'Dyef;bDvl; xifaygtwGuf tvGefacgif;cJaeMuonf/
wpfudk,fawmf yef;bDvl; xifaygonf odkif;ynm xufjrufHkrQru udk,fazmhokid f;ynmvnf;
tvGefawmfoljzpf\/
odkUaomf ol\tusifhpdkufrSmrl ol\twwfynmESifh qefUusifpmG uGJjym;jcm;emae\/
olonf rQodkif;ynmawmfoljzpfaomvnf; cdk;aMumifcdk;0Sufvnf; vQdKU0SufpGmvkyfBuHwwfonf/
ol\GHU&Smrkef;wD;zG,f taumif;qHk; tusifhwpfckrSm rdef;racsm rdef;rvSav;rsm;tm; yef;aumif; tGefUcsdK;
jyKjcif;jzpfavonf/
odkif;avmu&Sd ... odkif;orm;rsm;onf vludk tBudrftawmfrsm;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufcJhMuonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
98
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkUaomf xifaygonf vGwfajrmufxGufajy;oGm;Hkru olUtm; 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufonfh odkif;orm;rsm;

vlpkuGJoGm;aomtcgwGif wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfBuHowfjzwfavawmh\/
rQ aMumufrufzG,f qdk;oGrf;vSaom yef;bDvl;xifaygudkrS rxdwfvefYvQif tb,foludk xdwfvefY
Murnfenf;/
xdkUaMumifh xifayg\toH Mum;vdkufHkrQjzifh rQ rsufESmysufoGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
avmifwufu . . .
]]nDr &duGrf;u 'DxifaygqdkwJhvludk jrifzl;vdkYvm;}} [kar;vdkuf\/
&duGrf;u . . .
]]'Dvl&JU b,fbufyg;rSm trmGwfBuD;wpfck &Sdw,f... trmGwfay:rSm tarG;awG aygufaew,f ...}}
trSwftom;onf xifayg\ xif&Sm;aom trSwftom;yif jzpfawmh\/
wifh&D q&mrBuD;u atmfajymonf/ q&mrBuD;onf tjrJwrf;vdkvdk a'goxGufNyD; atmf[pfae
wwfonfh tusifh&SdaeaomaMumifh ,ckvnf; atmf[pfajymae\/
]]vifh[lcsHK;u xifaygvdk vleJYawmif aygif;oif;qufqHaewJhaemuf b,fvdk vlaumif;jzpfEdkifawmh rSmvJ . .
. rif;wdkUq&muolUudk tvdkvdkufNyD;cGifhvTwf&ifawmif igwdkUbufuawmh b,fawmhrS cGifhrvTwfEdkifbl; . . .
'Daumifhudk igowfr,f . . . olrsm;u xifaygqdk&if PfeDPfeufrsm;vdkUqdkNyD; aMumufMuw,f . . .
iguawmh raMumufbl;a[h . . . olaoudk,fao wdkufrSmyJ . . . ig owif;&&jcif; vdkufoGm;wmyJ . . . .
enf;enf;av; aemufusoGm;w,f . . . xifaygeJU vifh[lcsHK;wkdUu &Dvifudkzrf;NyD; wjcm;wpfae&mudk
ac:oGm;MuNyD . . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\avoHonf yxr aMumufrufzG,f&m wif;rmvSaomfvnf; pum;qHk; cgeD;
a&mufaomtcg wjznf;jznf; uGJtufvmawmhonf/ idkoHvnf;ygvmonf/ Muifemoem;[efjzihf . . . .
]][if; &Dvif . . . &Dvif . . . 'Duav;r uav;awmh}}
[efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&Sifrsm;xJrS wcsdKUonf 0rf;yef;wenf; idkMuawmh\/
&Dvif\ . . . oem;p&maumif;vSaom rsufESmuav;udkvnf; jrifa,mifvmrdMuonf/
uJhodkU EGJUaESmif;vSy cspfcsifpzG,faumif;aom rdef;uav;rsdK; yef;bDvl;xifayg\vufodkY a&mufoGm;
aomtcg tb,frSmvQif oufom&m &Edkifawmhrnfenf;/
avmifwufwdkY *dkPf;wlnDtpfukd tm;vHk;onf wxdwfxdwf &ifckefaeMuawmh\/ olwdkUpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tpfudkBuD;om &DvifeJU t&ufaomufwm trSefqdk&ifyJ tjypfu tawmfhudk BuD;av;aeNyD . . . . tckawmh
tpfudkBuD;u xifaygvkdvleJYyg twlwl xdkifaomufaewmqdkawmh bmajymp&m&SdawmhrvJ . . . b,folvm
u,fEdkifawmhrvJ . . . .}}
[kawG;aerdMuawmh\/
twefMumaomtcgrS avmifwuf . . .
]]q&mrBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD;u xifaygeJY rarQmfvifhbJ qHkMuwmjzpfvdrfhr,f . . . wrifoufouf aygif;
oif;wmawmh b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifbl; . . . tpfudkBuD;u . . . . 'D&ufawGrSm t&ufawGaomufwmrsm;NyD; pdwfawG
ua,mufu,ufjzpfaewmyg . . . t&ufodyfrl;vmawmh aygif;tyf? raygif;tyfwJhvludk cGJjcm;rodawmhbJeJY
awGUu&mvleJU 0ifxdkifwmjzpfygvdrfhr,f . . . 'gudk twnf,l&if rSm;r,fvdkY xifygw,f . . .}} [k ajymvdkuf
onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
99
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u a'gojzifh jyefatmfonf/

]]bmajymw,fuG . . . 'Davmuf BuD;aumifBuD;rm;BuD;u t&ufrl;NyD; vlqdk;vlaumif; rcGJjcm;wwfbl;
qdkwm [kwfyghrvm;}}
avmifwufuvnf; aMumufvefYoGm;um . . .
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJY? uRefawmfwdkUtm;vH;k vnf; tpfudkBuD; b,fa&mufaew,fqdkwm rodMuygbl; . . .
tjrefqHk;awGUatmif&SmNyD; awGUwmeJU q&mrBuD;qD tjypf'PfcHcdkif;vdkufyghr,f}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf rnfolrQ arQmfvifhrxm;aomtvkyfBuD;wpfvkyfudk vkyfvdkufonf/ vdefvdefudk
kwfw&uf zrf;csKyfvdkufjcif;jzpf\/
vdefvdefu tvefUwMum;atmfvdkuf\/
]]q&mrBuD; . . . .}}
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u . . .
]]rif;wdkU 0gqef;*dkPf;u wynfhBuD;u igh&JU wynfhrav;udk zrf;oGm;w,f . . . tck rif;wdkU 0gqef;
*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufudk igu zrf;xm;vdkuNf yD . . . igh&JUwynfhrav; &Dvifudk vTwfay;&if igu vdefvdefudk
vTwfay;r,f . . . .}}
ajymajymqdkqdk ESifh vdefvdef\ vufudkqGJum xGufoGm;awmh\/
avmifwufESifh vefzm;wdkYu uref;uwrf; ajy;vTm;NyD; wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;a&SUwGif wm;qD;vdkuf
Muonf/
avmifwufu . . . .
]]q&mrBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD; tjypfusL;vGefwmeJU nDrav;eJY b,fvdkrS ywfoufwmr[kwfygbl; . . .
nDrav;udk vTwfay;zdkU uRefawmfwdkUawmif;yefygw,f . . . .}}
]]aMomf . . . rif;wdkYu ighukd wm;qD;Muw,fayghav . . . aumif;NyD . . . ig vTwfay;vdkufr,f . . .}}
olronf nmvufudkajrmuf a&SUodkUckefxGufvdkufonf/ xdktcg avmifwufESifh vefzm;wdkYonf
jyif;xefaom twGif;tm;vdIif;\ dkufcwfjcif;udk cHpm;vdkufMu&NyD; olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; taemufbufodkU
vGifhpOf xGufoGm;Muawmhonf/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\ twGif;tm; rnfrQjyif;xefoenf;qdkaomf vGifhpOfxGufoGm;aom avmifwufrSm
vufzuf&nfqkid fwHcg;udk 0ifaqmifhrd wHcg;yif usdK;ysufoGm;&\/
vefzm;rSrl 0ufom;vHk;a&mif;aom tbdk;BuD;xHodkY vGifhxGufoGm;onf/
xdkpOf tbdk;BuD;u vefzm;\aemufausmodkU vufjzifhwpfcsufaxmuf xdef;ay;vdkufonf/ vefzm;onf
oufoufomomESifh ajrBuD;ay:odkUjyefusoGm;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
100
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rif;orD;t&ufqdkifBuD;
vefzm; oufoufomom usoGm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifh wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf 0ufom;vHk;
a&mif;aom tbdk;BuD;udkvSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/
]]aMomf . . . &Sifudk;}}
tbdk;BuD;u &,f . . .
]][kwfygw,f usKyfyJAsdKU . . . q&mrBuD;u w,fa'goBuD;wmyJ . . . uav;awGtay: 'Davmufrvkyf
ygeJU}} [kajym\/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\ a'goudkqGay;vdkufouJhodkUjzpfoGm;jyefonf/ r,foDv&SifBuD;u . . .
]]&SifeJUbmqdkifvdkU 0ifajymae&wmwkef; . . .}}
xdkpOfvufzuf&nfqdkifa&SUodkU vlESpfa,mufa&muf&Sdvm\/ olwdkUucyfvSrf;vSrf;rSmyif . . .
]][efqef;*dkPf;q&mrBuD;&Sdygovm; . . .}}
wifh&D oDv&SifBuD;u . . .
]]igu [efqef;*dkPf;u wifh&DyJ . . . rif;wdkUuaum b,fuvJ . . .}} [kjyefar;vdkuf\/
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg xdkvlESpfa,mufonf a&SUem;odkUwdk;uyfvmNyD; a&SUqHk;uvlu
]]uRefawmfwdkU&JUq&mBuD;u q&mrBuD;eJU nDtpfrtm;vHk;udk tdrfudk<ucJhMuygvdkU zdwfMum;cdkif;vdkufygw,f .
. q&mrBuD;wdkU csHK;qef;jrdKUudk a&mufvmwJhtaMumif; rodvdkufwm uRefawmfwdkUcRwf,Gif;csufygyJ . . .
odvdkuf&if jrdKUwHcg;rSmxGufNyD;BudKEdkifvdkufrSmygyJ . . .}}
xdkvlonf pum;qHk;onfESifh tdktaoay;vdkuf\/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u . . .
]]rif;wdkUu vQdKusufzkef;&JU wynfhawGvm; . . .}}
xdkvlu [kwfaMumif; 0efcHvdkufonf/ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf xdkvlESpfa,mufrSm olUudk av;av;
pm;pm; ajymqdkqufqHonfudkawGU&ojzifh pdwfxJwGifauseyfoGm;\/
olru ]]aumif;NyDav . . . igwdkUvnf; rif;wdkUq&mqDvmMuwmygyJ . . . 'gayr,fh Mum;udpav;
ay:vmvdkU 'Duadk &mufaeMu&wm . . .}} [kajymvdkufonf/
tajymtqdk &nfrGefaomxkdvlonf avmifwufwdkUvlpktm;MunfhvdkufNyD; . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
101
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DuaemifBuD;awGu . . .}}
avmifwufu . . . ]]usKyfwdkUu 0gqef;*dkPf;uyg . . .}}
xkdvlonf tvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpfoGm;[efESifh . . .
]]vufpowfawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;uudk; . . . tqifoifhvdkufwm . . . 'Dvdkqdk&if tm;vHk; uRefawmfwkUd qD
vdkufcJhzdkU zdwfac:ygw,f . . . q&mu uRefawmfwdkUudkrSmMum;xm;wm&Sdygw,f . . . odkif;avmuom;rSeforQ
zdwfac:ygwJh . .}} [kajymawmh\/
avmifwufu . . .
]][kwfygw,f . . . usKyfwdkUuvnf; usKyfwdkU*dkPf;wltpfudkBuD;udk apmifhaeMuwmyg. . . olvmwmeJU
cifAsm;wdkU q&mBuD;udkr*Fvmpum;ajymzdUk vmMurvdkUygyJ . . .}}
xkdvlu . . .
]]aemifBuD;u avmifwufxifw,f . . . uRefawmfwdkUq&mu 0gqef;*dkPf;u aemifBuD;wdkYnDtpfudkawG udk
csD;usL;aewm . . . txl;ojzifhaemifBuD;wdUk &JU tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;qdk ydkNyD;awmifcsD;usL;ygao;w,f . . .
tckaemifBuD;wdkU&JU tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK; ra&mufao;ayr,fh aemifBuD;wdkUcsnf; t&ifvdkufcJh&ifvnf; jzpfwm
ygyJ . . . tpfudkBuD; vifh,lcsHK;u aemufawmh vkdufvmvnf;jzpfygw,f . . .}}
avmifwufu pdwfxJwGif ta&;wBuD;pOf;pm;vkdufonf/
]]tif; . . . nDrav;udk wifh&Dq&mrBuD;uvnf; vTwfay;rSmr[kwfbl; . . . 'DawmholUem;rSm tjrJwrf;
t&dyfvdkygaeatmif olwdkUeJUtwlvdkufoGm;rSyJ . . .}}
BudKqdkonfhvu
l ...
]]uJ uJ . . . 'Dvkdqdk&if tm;vHk; uRefawmfhaemufudkvkdufcJhMuyg . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf 0ufom;vHk;a&mif;aomtbdk;BuD;udkvufdSK;xdk; . . .
]]'Dq&mBuD;udkaum rzdwfbl;vm; . . .}}
xdkvlonf tbdk;BuD;udk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ kwfw&uf wpfpHkwpf&mudk trSwf&oGm;[efjzifh
csufcsif;yif tdktao ay;vdkufawmh\/
EIwfrSvnf; . . .
]]cGifhvTwfygcifAsm . . . uRefawmfwdkU kwfw&uf rrSwfrdvdkUyg . . . q&mBuD;u &if;&efawmifu odkif;q&m
BuD;[dkqef; r[kwfygvm; cifAsm . . .}}
trSefwu,fyif &if;&efawmifu odkif;q&mBuD; [dkqef;jzpfae\/ oli,fpOfu 0ufom;vHk;a&mif;onf/
odkif;ynmudk tywfwpfukwf qnf;yl; q&mwpfqlrQ uRrf;usif wwfajrmufxm;aomfvnf; at;at;aq;aq;
dk;dk;ukyfukyfjzifh 0ufom;vHk;yif a&mif;cspm;aomufaeonf/ rodolrsm;qdkvQif olUtm; odkif;wwfol[k
rnfolurQ xifMuvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs/
[kdqef;u w[m;[m;&,fvsuf . . .
]]tif;av . . . rif;wdkYu ighudkzdwfMuawmh iguvnf; vmaESmifh,Suf&awmhayraygh . . .}}
odkUjzifh vltm;vkH; wpfpkwpfa0;BuD; xGufcGmoGm;Muawmh\/
olwdkYvlpkxJwGif rodrom a&maESmvkdufygoGm;olrSm vifrdeu
f suf jzpfonf/ vifrdefusuf pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]igu olwdkUaemufu tomuav; vdkufoGm;&r,f . . . vQdKusufzkef;&JU tdrfxJudk0ifzdkUwpfcsufawmh
cufvdrfhr,f . . . b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpfav . . . rD;pifMunfh u&awmhrSmyJ . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
102
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rsm;rMumrD olwdkYtm;vHk; tdrfBuD;wpftdraf &SUodkY a&muf&SdvmMu\/ tdrfa&SUwGif rD;rsm; xdefvif;vQuf&SdaeNyD/

{nfhBudKrsm;vnf; ysm,mcufvsuf &SdaeMuonf/ vQdKusufzkef;\ wynfhrsm;u vSdKufvSJysLiSmpGm qD;BudKMuvsuf
twGif;odkYzdwfac:Muonf/
vifrdeu
f suftwGuf ta&;BuD;qHk; tcsdeftcgaywnf;/ vifrdefusufonf t&JpGefU vltkyfESifh a&maESm
vdkufonf/ wHcg;0rS BudKqdka&;tzGJUrsm;onf vifrdefusuftm; wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD; tzGJUrS[k xifrSwfoGm;
Muum aumif;rGefpGm BudKqdkEIwfqufNyD; twGif;odkY ac:0ifoGm;awmh\/
vifrdefusuf tvGeftHhMooGm;onf/ twGif;bufcef;rBuD;wGif vlESpf&mrQ &SdaeMuayNyD/ xdkUaMumifhyif
tenf;i,f pdwfoufom&mvnf; &oGm;\/ olUpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tif; . . . 'DavmufvlawGrsm;aewm ightzdkU cyfaumif;aumif; jzpfoGm;wmyJ . . . vlawGrsm;awmh b,fol
urSvnf; ighudk *kpdkufEkdifawmhrSm r[kwfbl; . . . ta&;tBuD;qHk;uawmh csif;csef*dkPf;uvlawGudk awGUatmif
&SmzdkUyJ . . . olwdkYudkawGUrS ighrdbawGudkvnf; awGU&awmhrSmyJ . . .}} [kawG;aerdawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufonf . . . olUtm; tar;tjref;vGwfEkdifrnfh axmifhwpfae&mwGif 0ifa&muf xkdifcsvdkufawmh
\/ xkdif&if; ab;ywfvnfodkU tuJcwfvdkufonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&Sifrsm;onf b,fbufcHkwGif
xkdifaeMu\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;url nmbufxkdifcHkrsm;wGif xkdifvsuf&SdMuNyD; olwdkY\ *dkPf;wlnDrav;
rSmvnf; olwdkUESifhyif a&maESmxkdifvsuf&SdaMumif; awGU&\/
olrjrifrawGU&bJ jzpfaeolrSm wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;ESifh 0ufom;vHk;a&mif;aom &if;&efawmifu [dkqef;
wdkYudkrl rawGUrjrif&acs/ vifrdefusuftzdkU xdkESpfa,mufxuf ta&;BuD;olrsm; &dSao;ojzifh wpfcHkcsif;
taotcsm Munfh&onf/ kwfw&uf ol\cEmudk,ftwGif;&Sdaom aoG;rsm; yGufyGufqlouJhodkU cHpm;vdkuf
awmh\/
zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkYonf olESifh ESpfcHkausmfwGif xkdifvsuf&Sdaeonfwum;/
ol\tazESifh tarudkrl rawGU&acs/ wpfae&m&mwGif csKyfaESmifxm;cJhrnfuawmh taotcsmyif jzpfawmh
onf/ vifrdefusufonf rdbrsm;twGuf tvGefyif pdk;&drfoGm;\/ zef;vifESifh &DvifwdkUu wpfckckrsm;
vkyfvdkufNyDvm;[k pdk;&drfaMumifhMuoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkpOf tjyifbuf kwfkwfoJoJjzpfoHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&NyD;? vlwpfcsdKUonf xrf;pifESpfckudkxrf; a&;BuD;
okwfysmjzifh cef;rBuD;xJodkY ajy;0ifvmMuawmh\/ xrf;pifay:wGif vlESpfa,muf vJavsmif;vsuf ygvmonf/
olwdkYudk,fay:wGif ydwfjzLwpfxnf vTrf;NcHKxm;onf/ ydwfjzLay: eD&JaomaoG;rsm; pGef;xif;ae\/
cef;rBuD;xJ&Sd vltcsdKUonf xrf;pifrsm;em;odkU ajy;uyfMunfhvdkufMuonf/ MunfhNyD;onfESifh tvefYwMum;
atmfvdkufMu\/
]][m . . . xkdufqef;*dkPf;om;yJ . . .}}
xkdufqef;*dkPf;rSm awmifBuD;ig;vH;k *dkPf;ig;*dkPf; tzGJU0ifjzpfonf/
xkdpOf vltcsdKU\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]][m . . . 'gu xdkufqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD; wdawmufyJ? 'Pf&m tjyif;txef &xm;w,fa[h . . .
aemufwpfa,mufuawmh b,folrSef; rodbl; . . .}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu . . .
]]'gvnf; xkdufqef;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;&JU wynfhyJ . . . oluawmh aoNyDeJYww
l ,f}} [k ajym
onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
103
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][kwfw,f . . . aoaeNyD? "m;csufudkvnf; Munfhprf;ygOD; . . . &if0u xdk;oGif;xm;wm aemufausmu

aeawmif aygufxGufaew,f . . . 'DvlrSrao&if b,folaorvJ . . .}}
vltrsm;onf wpfa,mufwpfayguf a0zefajymqdkaeMuonf/ yxr a0zefajymqdkaeolrsm;onf 'Pf&m&
olrsm;? aoqHk;olrsm;ESifh ywfowfaomfvnf; aemufydkif; a0zefcsufrsm;rSm xdkufqef;*dkPf;ESifh ywfowfNyD; a0zef
ajymqdkvmjcif;jzpf\/ xkdolwdkY a0zefaeMuonfh pum;rsm;rSm . . .
]]wdawmuf . . . q&mBuD;u xkdufqef;*dkPf;&JU xdyfoD;odkif;orm;BuD;yJ . . . olUavmuf b,folowd&Sd
rvJ . . . olUavmuf b,folwdkufcdkufEdkifrvJ . . . 'Pf&mawG &xm;yHkudk Munfhprf;ygOD;? xdkufqef;*dkPf;u
wu,f *kPf,lavmufygw,f . . .}}
]]wdawmuf . . . q&mBuD;udk 'Davmuf'Pf&m&atmif wkdufEdkifwJhvluawmh wu,fhudk awmfwJhvl jzpfrSmyJ .
. .}}
tm;vHk;u trsdK;rsdK;a0zefaeMupOf vQdKusufzkef;\ wynfhwpfa,mufonf 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; &Sdaeonfh
ae&modkU avQmufvmNyD; avmifwuftm; ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;avmifwuf . . . uRefawmfh q&mu ac:cdkif;vkdufygw,f . . .}}
avmifwufonf xkdolUaemufodkU vdkufoGm;NyD; tcef;wpfcktwGif;odkU avQmuf0ifoGm;vdkuf&onf/ xkdtcg
twGif;buf&Sd tcef;\ tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif usm;om;a&cif;xm;aom xkdifcHkig;ck&Sd\/ xkdxkdifcHkig;ckwGif
av;cHku vGwfaeNyD; . . . wpfcHkay:wGif rsufESmeDeDESifh tvGefxGm;usdKif;aom tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf xkdifae\/
avmifwufonf xdkxkdifcHkrsm;udk jrifaomtcg csufcsif;yif oabmaygufoGm;onf/ awmifBuD;ig;vH;k
*dkPf;ig;*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfBuD;rsm;xkdif&ef cif;usif;xm;jcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
aumif;qef;*dkPf;? [efqef;*dkPf;? 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh csHKqef;*dkPf;wdkUrS *dkPf;csKyfBuD;rsm; a&mufrvmMuao;/
,ckxkdifcHkwGif a&muf&SdaeolrSm xdkufqef;*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfBuD;xifrif;jzpf\/
ab;ESpfbufwGif odkif;avmurS xdyfoD;odkif;orm;BuD; udk;a,mufxkdifaeMu\/ [efqef;*dkPf;rS wifh&D
r,foDv&SifBuD;? csif;csef*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;? 0ufom;vHk;a&mif;aom tbdk;tdk [dkqef; wdkUyg0ifMu\/
atmufbufwGif&Sdaom xdkifcHkwGif tdrf&Sif vQdKusufzkef; xkdifaeonf/
avmifwufonf tdrf&Sifjzpfaom vQdKusufzkef;udk OD;pGm tdktaoay;vkdu\
f /
]]0gqef;*dkPf;u wynfhavmifwufu q&mBuD;wdkYudk tdktaoay;ygw,f . . .}}
xdkufqef;*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;\ rsufESmrSm wif;rmaeNyD; ol\ aygufuGJvka'gorsm;udk BudK;pm;
xdef;odrf;aeyHk&ae\/ olonf xkdifcHkudkvufjzifh ]jzef;} ceJaeatmifdkufvdkufNyD;
]]vifh[lcsHK; b,frSmvJ . . .}} [kar;awmh\/
ol\ar;cGef;onf tvGefus,favmifvSojzifh tcef;wGif;rS [def;xGufwkefcgoGm;um tjyifbuf cef;rBuD;&Sd
vltm;vHk;yif Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ cef;rBuD;rS vlrsm;yif xdwfvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;Mu&onf/
0gqef;*dkPf;rS vdefvdefu pdk;&drfaom avoHuav;jzifh
]]tpfudkoHk; . . . olwdkYuvnf; tpfudkBuD;udk &SmaeMujyefNyD . . . b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ[if . . .}} [kar;vdkuf
\/
vefzm;u acgif;wpfcsufndwfNyD; vdefvdef\em;em;odkUuyfum wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf/
]]igwdkUtm;vHk; aÈrysufapeJU . . . wnfwnfNidrfNidrfjzpfaeatmif BudK;pm;Mu . . . vla&SUola&SUrSm igwdkU
0gqef;*dkPf;&JU odumudkrusapeJU . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
104
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifrdeu
f sufonfvnf; xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;\ rdk;Ncdrf;ouJhokdUaom atmf[pfoHBuD;udk
Mum;vdkuf&NyD;jzpf olUpdwfxJwGif rSwfcsufcsvdkufrdonf/
]]tif; . . . xkdufqef;*dkPf;uvnf; vifh[lcsHK;udk&SmNyD . . . 'Dvifh[lcsHK;qdkwJh tbdk;BuD;u wu,f jyem
&SmwJhtbdk;BuD;ud;k ? oljyem&SmyHkrsdK;eJUqdk&ifawmh 'DxJrSm&Sd&SdorQ odik f;orm;awGeJYrS vGwfyghrvm; rodbl; . . .}}
tcef;wGif;&Sd avmifwufrSmvnf; 'kua&mufaeonf/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;\ atmfoHaMumifh ol\
em;ESpfzufpvHk; tloGm;NyD; ajcaxmufrsm;vnf; aysmhacGusrwwf jzpfoGm;&\/ twefMumrS tm;wif;NyD; udk,fudk
rwfrwf&yfEdkifawmhonf/
]]q&mBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[cl sHK;eJU uRefawmfwdkUu csHK;&efjrdKUrSm vrf;cGJcJhMuygw,f . . . 'DcsHK;qef;NrdKU
rSmqHkr,fvkUd uRefawmfwdkUudk rSmvdkufwmygyJ . . . 'DaeUxdawmh ola&mufrvmao;ygbl;? reufjzefqdk&ifawmh
a&mufr,fvdkUxifygw,f . . .}}
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;\ a'gorsm;onf txGwt
f xdyfodkY a&mufaeqJom&Sdao;onf/
]]bm . . . 'Daumif vm&Jao;ovm; . . . vifh[lcsHK;u rif;wdkY0gqef;*dkPf;&JU wynfhBuD;yJ . . . olu
txufvrf;*dkPf;om;wpfa,muf r[kwfbl;vm; . . . tqdk;t,kwfrSeo
f rQ tukefpkaewJh xifaygqdkwJh
atmufvrf;*dkPf;om; yef;bDvl;eJU twlwl&Sdaewmu bmoabmvJ ajymprf; . . .}}
avmifwufu . . .
]]uRefawmfod&oavmufawmh tpfudkBuD;u xifaygeJY vHk;0oduRrf;wm r[kwfygbl; . . . tpfudkBuD;u
t&ufBudKufwwfawmh xifaygrSef; rodbJeJU t&uftwlwl 0ifaomufrdwmeJU wlygw,f . . .}}
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vifh[lcsHK;eJU xifaygwdkU&if;ESD;ovm; . . . r&if;ESD;bl;vm; qdkwmawGudk . . .}}
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w,f . . . tJ'Dt&ufqdkifxJrSm vifh[lcsHK;&,f . . . xifayg&,f . . . r,foDv&Sifuav; wpfyg;&,fudk awGU
vdkuf&w,f . . .}}
wdawmufq&mBuD;tzdkU 'Pf&mBuD;us,fvSojzifh rQavmuf pum;ajymvdkuf&vQifyif tvGefarm[dkuf
aeawmhonf/ xkdtjzpfudk rMunfh&ufaom tdr&f Sif vQdKusufzkef;u . . .
]]aemifBuD;wdawmuf . . . cifAsm;rajymeJUawmh? 'Pf&moufomatmifom oufoufomom aeygawmh . .
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vQdKusufzkef;onf avmifwufbufoUdk vSnfhvdkufum . . .
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vlawGqdkawmh ightaeeJY aus;Zl;wifvdkYrqHk;ygbl; . . . 'gayr,fh . . . [dkxifaygqdkwJh yef;bDvl;eJU aygif;ae
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
105
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
w,fqdkwm rSefae&ifawmh igwdkYawmifBuD;ig;vHk; . . . *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;u rdom;pkawGu vifh[lcsHK;udk aumif;

aumif;qHk;r&awmhrSmyJ . . .}}
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;onf a'gojzifhatmfjyefonf/
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jzpfoGm;rSmaygh . . . owfypfvdkuf . . . rdkufp wkef;oGm;&if NyD;wmyJ . . .}}
avmifwufrSm *dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;\ rsufESmtrlt&mESifh [kef;[kef;xaeonfh a'gorsm;udk awGU&aom
tcg vGefpGm aMumuf&GUHoGm;awmh\/ olUpdwfxJwGif onfwpfBudrfawmh olUtpfudkBuD;tm; u,fEdkifzdkY rvG,fawmh
[k rSwfxifaerdawmh\/ olonf olUywf0ef;usifudk kwfw&uf tuJcwfvdkufonf/ csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;
&Dcsef;ESifh wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;wdkU\ auseyftm;&aom tNyHK;rsm;udk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg ydkyif pdwfysuf
tm;avsmhoGm;awmh\/
odkUaomf avmifwufonf csufcsif;yif pdwfudkwif;um
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uRefawmf wpfckajymcsifwmu uRefawmfwdkU&JU q&mudkvnf; q&mBuD;wdkUtm;vHk; oduRrf;&if;ESD;aeMuwmyJ?
tJ'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkUq&m&JU pdwf"gwfudkvnf; odMuvdrfhr,fvdkUxifygw,f . . . uRefawmfwdkU q&m[m
tjypf&SdwJh*dkPf;om; wynfhudk b,fawmhrS SmwmcGifhray;ygbl; . . . tjypf'Pfudk wdwdusus cH,lapavh
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oGm;cJhMuw,f . . . [dkrSm t&uf0ifaomufwJhtcgusawmh . . . t&ufqdkif&JU tay:xyfrSm vloHk;a,muf
pm;aomufaeMuwm awGUowJh . . . wpfa,mufu xifayg . . . wpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK; . . . aemufwpf
a,mufu q&mrBuD;wifh&D&JU wynfhrav;&DvifyJ . . . aemifBuD;wdawmuf[m olwdkUoHk;a,mufudk awGUvdkuf
wmeJU yHkrSeftajctae r[kwfbl;qdkwm tvdkvdkodvdkufrdowJh . . . wpfu,fawmh aemifBuD;wdawmuf[m olwdkY
oHk;a,mufpvHk;udk jrifzl;wmr[kwfbl; . . . 'gayr,fh . . . t0wftpm;awGMunfhNyD; wpfa,mufu 0gqef;*dkPf;
u? wpfa,mufu [efqef;*dkPf;u qdkwmodvdkufwmyJ . . . xifayguawmh . . . toufoHk;q,fausmf
avmuf&SdNyD; tust0wftpm; awmufawmufajymifajymif 0wfxm;wm awGU&owJh? tpyxrawmh xifayg
rSef;rodygbl; . . . aemufydkif; vifh[lcsHK;&JU pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&rS tJ'Dvl[m xifaygrSef; odvdkufowJh . . .
vifh[lcsHK;ajymyHu
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aomufwJhae&mrSmawmh usKyfavmuf rawmfEkdifbl; . . .} wJh . . . uJ tJ'Dawmh xifaygqdkwm aoaocsmcsm
odoGm;NyDaygh . . . olwdkYoHk;a,muf t&uftwlwl aomufaewm awGU&awmh a'govnf; xGufvmw,f . . .}}
avmifwufonf qifjcifwHkw&m; enf;yg;olr[kwf? tajctaersm;udk ,xmblwusus a0zefydkif;jcm;
wwfonf/ ,ckuo
Jh dkU Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg olUpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]wpfa,mufu yef;bDvl;? wpfa,mufu r,foDv&Sif? wpfa,mufu 0gqef;*dkPf;om; . . . uJ
aumif;a&m . . . 'DoHk;a,mufpkNyD; t&ufaomufrSawmh b,folu rsufpdrpl;bJaeawmhrvJ . . . xifaygvdk
vlwpfa,mufeJU &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajymqdkqufqHaewJhaemuf tpfudkBuD;udk taumif;rxifMuwmvnf; tjypfajym
vdkUrjzpfbl; . . . vlUavmuBuD;rSm taygif;toif;udkMunfhNyD; wefzdk;udk qHk;jzwfwwfMuwmyJ . . .}} [kajymaerd
awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
106
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifwuf ,ckMum;ae&onfh tjzpftysufrsm;onf ed'gef;rQom &Sdayao;onf/ aemufykdif;tjzpf

tysufrsm; Mum;NyD;onfhtcgrl olUtpfudkBuD;udk tjypfajymolrsm;tm; ydk tjypfrwifEdkifatmif&Sdawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;u quf . . .
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rqkdk;bl;qdkwm rif;yJpOf;pm;MunfhOD; . . . xifaygu ]igu okdif;avmuxJrSm wpfudk,fawmfBuJaewJhaumifu?G
igMunfhvdkYr&wmu txufvrf;u vlBuD;vlaumif;awGqdkNyD; ukwfujrif;xaewJh odkif;q&mBuD;awGudkyJ} wJh . .
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w,f? rif;vdkvleJU t&uftwlwl aomuf&wmudkawmh igauseyfw,f? uJ . . . igwkdU t&ufNydKifaomufMu&
atmif . . . rif; ighudk HI;rSmyJ? q&mav; . . . rif;vnf; igwdkYeJY t&uftwlwl aomuf&r,faemf . . .
raomuf&if igu twif;wdkufrSmyJ} wJh . . .}}
vQdKusufzkef;onf pum;udk cP&yfwefYvdkufonf/ NyD;rS
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xifaygeJU odkif;uGufESpf&mausmfavmuf wdkufcdkufNyD;awmhrS u,fcsifwJhpdwfaZmBuD;NyD; owdwpfcsufvGwfoGm;
vdkU yef;bDvl;&JU"m;csufudk cHvdkuf&wmyJ . . . 0rfusufuvnf; toufudkpGefUNyD; 0ifwdkuf&Smw,f? aemufqHk;
awmh xifayg&JUvufcsufeJU 0rfusuf aoqHk;oGm;&w,f . . . tJ'DwpfcsdefvHk; vifh[lcsHK;u tNrdefUom;
xkdifMunfhaeowJh . . . bmrS 0ifa&mufulnDay;jcif;vJ r&Sdbl; . . . 'Dwpfcsufuawmh tifrwefudk kyfqdk;wmyJ .
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xifrif; a'goBuD;aewmuvnf; 'DtcsufaMumifhygyJ . . .}}
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;onf a'goESifh . . .
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olonf ajym&if; a'goxGufvm rsufESmeD&Jum qHyifrsm;vnf; axmifvmonf/ xdkpOf tjyifbufrS
vlwpfa,muf\ cGifhawmif;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
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pdwfwdkaeaom toHjzifh
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ay;vdkuf\/ NyD;aemuf q&mBuD;tm;vHk;udk tdktaoay;vdkuNf yD; *dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;em;odkU avQmufoGm;
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awmh tavmif;wpfavmif; awGUvdkufMu&w,f . . . "m;'Pf&m wpfcsufyJ&xm;w,f . . . "m;uawmh vifh[lcsHK;
&JU"m;yJ . . .}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
107
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfcGef;onf csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;bufodkUMunfhum

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aeonfh yrm
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tjyifrS vlwpfa,mufu . . .
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]]aus;Zl;jyKNyD; tavmif;udk 'DtxJ ,lvmcJhygvm;}}
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cefYom usefawmhonf/ xkdUaMumifh udk,fcEmxJokdY 0ifaeaom"m;onf ESpfaycefY epf0ifvsuf &Sdayvdrfhrnf/
"m;zsm;onf vnfrsdKem;txd a&muf&SdaeaMumif; q&mBuD;rsm;u od&v
Sd dkufMu\/
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qHk;uawmh 'DrSm&SdwJh q&mBuD;awGxJu wpfa,mufESpfa,mufavmuf vdkufvmNyD; tultnDay;&if tajctae
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pum;onfvnf; olwdkUESpfa,muf\ EIwfrS wpfjydKifeufxGufay:vmjyefonf/
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od&SdvdkufMuonf/ twGif;buftcef;&Sd vlrsm;onf wpfpHkwpfck xl;jcm;oGm;onfudk &dyfrdMuojzifh olwdkYvnf;
NidrfoufpGm apmifhMunfhaerdMuonf/
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tm;vHk;onf wHcg;aygufodkU vSrf;MunfhvdkufrdMuonf/ yef;bDvl;ESpfaumif\ vufcsufjzifh twif;tusyf
t&ufaomufcJh&onfqdkonfh r,foDv&Siaf v;\ kyf&nfudk odvdkufMuonf/ wHcg;cef;qD; yGifhoGm;onfESifh
twl vlwdkif;\ rsufvHk;rsm;wGif awmufyTef;vufaom Mu,fyGifhwpfyGihfukd jrifvdkuf&ouJhokdU 0if;vufoGm;
Mu&\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
108
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wu,fyif acsmarmvSaom r,foDv&Sifuav;ygay/ Eke,fysdKrspfvSojzifh yGifhopfpyef;uav;ESifh wl

ae\/ toufrSmvnf; q,fhckESpfrQom &Sdayao;onf/ olru wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;xH ajy;vTm;NyD;
'l;axmuftdktaoay;um ]q&mr} [kqdkUepfpGmac:vdkufonf/ kwfw&ufyif rsufESmudk vuf0g;jzifhtkyfum
csHK;yJGcs idkvdkufawmh\/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\ rsufESmonf tvGefwif;rmoGm;NyD; csufcsif;ar;vdkufonf/
]]rif; . . . rif; . . . b,fvdkjyefa&mufvmwmvJ . . .}}
&Dvifonf rsuf&nfawGawG usqif;ae&mrS . . .
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olr\pum;ajymoHonf prf;a&pD;oHES,f Nidrfhanmif;om,mvS em;axmifolwdkif; e0ifyD,H &SdvSayonf/
vlwdkif;\ pdwfxJwGifpOf;pm;aeonfrSm ...
]]'Davmuf kyf&nfacsmarmvSyNyD; cspfp&maumif;vSwJh rdef;uav;u bmjzpfvdkU r,foDv&Sifjzpf
oGm;&wmvJ . . .}} [lyifwnf;/
olr\ ao;oG,fjzLEkaom vufuav;ESpfzufjzifh wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;\ tusvufpudk qkyfudkif
xm;\/ &Dcsef;url &Dvifudk wpfcsufrQom Munfhonf/ olUrsufvHk;rsm;onf vdkvif\ csufatmuf xdk;pdkuf
aeaom "m;dk;udkom pdkufMunfhaeonf/ "m;dk;ay:wGif ]0gqef;? vifh[lcsHK;} [laom pmwef;uav;u &Sdae\/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;onf avmifwufudk at;pufpGm pdkufMunfhvdkuf\/ avmifwuf tawmfuav;
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wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onfa'gowBuD;jzifh jyefatmfvkdufonf/
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wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf rdrdwdkY*dkPf;om;rsm;udk tvGefumuG,favh&Sdonf/ rSm;rSef;odonfhwdkif ZGwfyif
jiif;avh&Sd\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
109
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ckvnf; &Dvifu vifh[lcsHK;udk tpfudkBuD;[k ac:vdkufonfhpum;udk olrvnf; owdjyKrdNyD;jzpfayonf/

xkdpum; Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh olr a'goxGufvSavNyD/ tu,f &Dcsef;uomaxmufrjybJ acwrQ apmifhMunfh
aevdkufygu r,foDv&SifBuD;onf &Dvifudk atmf[pfqJqdkayawmhrnf/
odkYaomf &Dcsef;u pajymvdkufonfhtcgwGif &Dvifudk qJqdkBudrf;armif;jcif; rjyKawmhonfomru
olrbufuyif umuG,fajymqdkawmhonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;ac:wm qef;ovm; . . . uRefrwdkU awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;u r[mrdwfzGJUxm;wmyg . .
. 'Dig;*dkPf;pvHk;[m nDtpfudkarmifESrawGcsnf;yJ . . . 'Dawmh tpfudkBuD;vdkYac:wm[m bmxl;qef;awmhrSmvJ ..}}
olrqdkvdkonfh tcsufrSm csif;csef*dkPf;onf awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; tzGJU0ifr[kwfojzifh
csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;\ pum;rsm;udk tav;teufxm;em;axmif&ef rvdk[
l qdkvdkjcif;yif/
&Dcsef;uvnf; csufcsif; oabmaygufoGm;onf/ oluoa&mfNyHK;NyHK;&if; . . .
]]aumif;w,f . . . aumif;w,f . . . vifh[lcsHK; ckvkyfaeyHkrsdK;u cifAsm;wdkU&JU r[mrdwftzGJUxJrmS &SdEdkif
ao;vdkYvm; . . .}}
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf &Dcsef;\pum;udk vHk;0*krpdkuf/ ol ar;vdk&mudkom &Dviftm;ar;aeonf/
]]&Dvifvmprf; . . . rif;b,fvdk tzrf;cH&w,fqdkwm ighudkaocsmajymjyprf; . . .}}
ajym&if;qd&k if;jzifh olronf &Dvif\vufudkqGJum tjyifodkYxGuf&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/ wifh&D
r,foDv&SifBuD;\ tjyKtrludk tm;vHk;u oabmaygufMuonf/
rQacsmarmvSyaom r,foDv&Siu
f av;tzdkU ab;roD&efrc jyefa&mufvmzdkUqdkonfrSm vHk;0rjzpf
Ekdifacs/ xifayguJhodkU yef;bDvl;vdkvlrsdK;vufodkU a&muf&SdoGm;jcif;twGuf ydkqdk;0g;vSonf/
olr\ tysdK&nfudk xdef;odrf;Edkif&efudponf oJxJa&oGefouJhokUd om t&mrxif tcsnf;tESD;jzpf&ayrnf/
xkdUaMumifh wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u vltrsm;Mum; roifhavsmfonfph um;rsm; vlyHktv,f rajymMum;rdap&ef
tjyifodkY xGufvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
okdUaomf csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;onf kwfw&uf ckefxGufvmNyD; wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;udk umqD;
vdkuf\/
olu . . .
]]'Dudp[m vlESpfa,muf&JUtoufeJU ywfoufaeygw,f . . . 'gaMumifh &Dvifudk 'DrSmyJajymcdkif;vdkufyg . .
.}}
&Dcsef;onf pum;udk acwjzwfNyD; tm;vHk;udk wpfcsufrQ tuJcwfvdkufonf/ NyD;rS . . .
]]0rfusufu xkdufqef;*dkPf;om;? wenf;tm;jzifhajym&if cifAsm;wkdU&JU awmifBuD;ig;vHk; *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;&JU
tzGJUom;jzpfw,f . . . 'Dawmh wu,fvdkU olUudk vifh[lcsHK;u owfrdwJhtwGuf cifAsm;wdkUtaeeJU ausat;csif
ausat;Edkifw,f . . . 'gayr,fh usKyf&JUwynfhvdkvifu cifAsm;wdkU*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;eJU b,fvkdrS rywfoufbl;?
'Dawmh usKyfwynfh ao&wJhtwGuf usKyfuawmhvufydkufrMunfhEkdifbl; . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;rSm odkif;avmuwGif tvGefa'goBuD;olwpfa,muftjzpf ausmfMum;onf/ olronf
&Dcsef;\ rma&ausma&pum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg vHk;0a'gorxdef;EdkifawmhbJ rsufpdrsm; ta&mifawmufvm
awmhonf/ olr\ wpfudk,fvHk; wdkufcdkuf&ef toifhtaetxm;odkU jyifqifvdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
110
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olrESihf &Dcsef;onf odkif;avmu xdyfoD;odkif;orm;BuD;ESpfa,muf jzpfMuonf/ olwdkUESpfa,mufom

wdkufcdkuf MuvQif wu,fhyGJBuD;yGJaumif; jzpfEkdifonfrSm aocsmvSawmhonf/
xdkpOf vQdKusufzkef;u uref;uwef; ajy;xGufvmNyD; ESpfa,muftMum;wGif &yfvdkufum ...
]]cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;[m usKyf&JU {nfhonfawmfawGyg . . . usKyf&JUrsufESmudkvnf; axmufxm;MuygOD;
. . . pdwfvdkufrmefyg rvkyfMuzdkU usKyfu tdrf&Sifwpfa,muftaeeJU awmif;yefygw,f ..}}
vQdKusufzkef;onf xkdpum;qHk;aomtcg &efapmifaeolESpfa,muftm; tdt
k aoay;vdkufonf/
trSefpifppf . . . wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;a&m &Dcsef;yg wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf pdwfwGif;rS xdwfvefY
aeMuonfomjzpfonf/ ,ckuJhodkU Mum;rS 0ifa&mufjzefajzol ay:vmaomtcg olwdkUESpfa,mufpvHk; aemufodkY
qkwfvdkufMuonf/ *kPfodum&Sd&Sd aemufqkwfvkdufMujcif;jzpfojzifh ESpfOD;pvHk;twGuf t&Suf&p&mrvkday/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf &Dvif\vufukq
d GJum rlvxdkifcHkae&modkU jyefoGm;NyD; ...
]]&Dvif . . . [kdaeUwkef;u b,fvdkvlpkuGJNyD; aemufusefcJh&wmvJ . . . aemufydkif;usawmh b,fvdkjzpfoGm;
cJh&wmvJ}}
&Dvifonf tvGefi,fG,fvSonfh q,fausmfoufrQom jzpfonf/ vlrSKa&;udk odyfem;vnfol r[kwfojzifh
vla&SUola&SU rajymtyfonfhpum;rsm;udk kwfw&ufajymvdkufrnfpdk;ojzifh csufcsif; owday;vdkuf&onf/
]]&Dvif . . . ta&;BuD;wmudkyJajymaemf . . . ta&;rBuD;wmawGeJU tydkawGrajymeJU ..}}
&Dvifu . . .
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. . xif . . . xifaygqdkwJhvludk oGm;NyD; owf . . . owfay;yg? ol . . . olu}}
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf csufcsif; acgif;ndwfvdkufNyD; . . .
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rowf&vdkU b,fausvdrfhrvJ . . . pdwfcs . . . 'DacG;qdk;ESpfaumifudk owfudkowfypfrSm}}
&Dvifu rcsdwifuJ toHjzifh . . .
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olr\ rsufvHk;rsm;rS rsuf&nfaygufBuD;rsm; wvdrfhvdrfhusqif;vmawmhonf/ vltm;vHk;onf &Dviftm;
em;rvnfEdkifaom tMunfhrsm;jzifh 0dkif;MunfhrdMu\/
&Dvifu . . .
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK; . . . ol ol aoNyD . . .}}
][if} ][,f} ][m} [laom tmar!dwfoHrsm; wpfcef;vHk;vTrf;NcHKoGm;awmh\/ tm;vHk;onf olwdkY\
em;rsm;udkyif r,HkEdkifavmufatmifjzpfoGm;rdMuonf/ xifrif;*dP
k f;csKyfBuD;u atmfar;vkdufonf/
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&Dvifu ..
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olronf . . . ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh&Dcsef;\wynfh vdkvif\tavmif;udk vufdI;xkd;jyvdu
k fawmh\/
xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;onf vifh[lcsHK;aoNyD[k Mum;&aomtcg a'gorsm; kwfjcnf;ajyoGm;
awmh\/ csif;csef *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;uvnf; auseyfoGm;\/ ol\pdwfxJwGif
]]vwfpowfawmh acG;aumif vihf[lcsHK;udk . . . ighwynfhvdkvifu olaoudk,fao wdkufcdkufcJhwmud;k . . .
aumif;w,f? odyfaumif;w,f . . . 'DaumifaooGm;w,fqdkawmh toufcsif; vJvdkuf&wmyJ . . . bmjzpfovJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
111
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
. . . tif; vdkvif . . . vdkvif . . . ighwynfh odyfawmfw,f . . . igwdkUcsif;csef*dkPf;&JUodumudk aowJhtxd

xdef;odrf;cJhwmyJ ..}}
[kawG;vdkuo
f nf/ &Dcsef;onf &Dvifudk rcdk;rcefUNyHK;&if;ajymvdkufonf/
]]ighwynfh vdkvifudkawmh vlqdk;wJh[kwfvm; . . . rif;wdkU *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;u vlawGtm;vHk;uawmh
vlaumif; awGaygh [kwfvm; ..}}
&Dvifonf idk,dk&if; . . .
]]uRefr . . . uRefr rodbl; . . . uRefru q&mBuD;wkdUudk ajymwmr[kwfbl; . . . 'D aowJhvludk vlqdk;
vdkYyJajymwm}}
olronf vdkvif\tavmif;udk vufdI;xdk;jyvdkufjyefonf/ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u &Dcsef;udk a'goa&mif
wzdwfzdwfawmufaeaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh pdkufMunfhvdkufum . . .
]]&SifubmjzpfvdkY uav;udk ajcmufvSefYae&wmvJ . . . &Dvif raMumufeJY . . . 'Daumif b,fvdkqdk;
w,fqdkwm ajymjyprf;? tptqHk;ajymjy . . . q&mr &Sdw,f . . . nnf;udk b,folrSrxd&bl;}}
ajym&if; &Dcsef;udk rsufapmif;wpfcsuf xkd;vdkuf\/
&Dcsef;u . . .
]]r,foDv&SifvkyfwJhvlu rkom;pum; rajym&bl; . . . &Dvif rif;bk&m;udkwdkifwnfNyD; opmqdk&J ovm; ..}}
&Dcsef;taejzifh pum;udkajym&jcif;rSm taMumif;&Sdonf/ vdkvifhtaMumif; r[kwfrrSef rawmf rw&m;
ykwfcwfajymqdkrnfudk pdk;&drfajymvku
d f&jcif;jzpf\/ &Dvifu . . .
]]uRefrvm; . . . q&mrudk wpfoufvHk; rkom;pum;rajymcJhz;l bl; ..}} [kajymonf/
olronfvuftkyfcsD rsufpdrSdwfvsuf bk&m;udktmHkjyKNyD; usrf;usdefopm qdkvkdufawmhonf/ vltm;
vHk;onf &Dvif\wnfMunfav;eufaom trlt&mrsm;udk awGUjrif&aomtcg &Dvif\ ajympum;rsm;tay:
t<uif;rJh ,HkMunfvufcHMurnfh pdwfxm;rsm; ay:vmawmh\/ cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk;&Sd vlrsm;onf vHk;0 wdwfqdwf
Nidrfouf oGm;MuNyD; &Dvif\pum;udk apmifhqdkif;aeMuawmhonf/
&Dvifu pajymawmhonf/
]]raeUunaeapmif;rSm q&mraum uRefrwdkU*dkPf;wlnDtpfrawGtm;vHk;aum csHK;&efjrdKUudk vmMuw,f . . .
vrf;wpf0ufrSm uRefrajcacsmfusNyD; vufaxmufvdkufrdw,f . . . THUawGayukefwmyJ . . . awmifukef;
atmufem;u acsmif;uav;rSm vufoGm;aq;rdw,f . . . a&xJrSm vufaq;aewkef; uRefraemufrSm
vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmwmudk a&xJrSm jrifvdkuf&awmh uRefrvefUNyD; xvdkufrdw,f . . . uRefraemufausm
rSm qpfceJemoGm;NyD; taMumydwfcHvdkuf&w,f . . . aMumufvGef;vdkU q&mrudkatmfac:wmyJ . . . 'gayr,fh
toHu vHk;0xGufrvmbl; . . . 'Dvlu uRefrudk ausmuf*lBuD;wpf*lxJ ac:oGm;w,f . . . tJ'DtcsdefrSm
uRefrtpfrawG vdkuf&SmNyD; atmfac:aeoHawG Mum;ae&w,f? tJ'Dvlu&,fNyD; toHwdk;wdk;eJUajymaew,f?
]olwdkUom 'Dbufvm&Sm&ifawmh rkwfqdwfysm;qGJwmyJ? tm;vHk;udkzrf;xm;vdkufrSmyJ} wJh? aemufawmh? tpfrwdkU
toHawG wjznf;jznf; a0;oGm;wmyJ ..}}
]]'Dvlu vloHawG vHk;0rMum;&awmhwJhtcgusrS uRefr&JU taMumawGudk ajzay;vdkufw,f . . . uRefru
csufcsif;xGufajy;wmyJ . . . 'gayr,fh 'Dvl&JUudk,fazmhodkif;ynmu odyfaumif;wm . . . uRefr b,favmuf
ajy;ajy; tjrJwrf; uRefra&SU a&mufa&mufvmwmyJ . . . uRefr "m;udkqGJxkwfvdkufw,f . . . olUudkxdk;rvdkYaygh .
. . 'gayr,fh &Sifjrwfbk&m;u tMuifemw&m;xm;&r,fvdkU a[mMum;qHk;rxm;awmhuRefr rxdk;jzpfygbl; . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
112
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
owdawmh ay;vdkufw,f . . . ]&SifbmjzpfvdkU uRefrudkzrf;xm;&wmvJ . . . uRefra&SUu z,fray;&ifawmh &Sifhudk

"m;eJYxdk;&vdrhrf ,fvdkU} ajymvdkufawmh 'Dvlu&,fawmhwmyJ?
]r,foDv&Siaf v;u awmfawmfoabmaumif;w,f . . . cPavmufxkdifNyD; pum;pjrnfav; ajymprf;ygOD;
. . .} wJh?
uRefruvnf; jyefajymvdkufw,f . . . ]&Sifab;z,fyg? uRefr&JUq&mru b,fa,musfm;eJUrS pum;rajym
&bl;vdkU qHk;rxm;w,f . . . uRefrq&mru odyfawmfwmyJaemf . . . &Sifh&JU dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif; tjyKtrlawGawGU&if
&SifhajcESpfacsmif;udk dkufcsdK;ypfvdkufvdrfhr,f} vdkUajymvdkufawmh . . . 'Dvlu w[m;[m; &,fawmhwmyJ . . .
aemufNyD; ]rif;q&mu ighudk ajcESpfacsmif;kdufcsdK;r,fqdk&if igtcsdK;cHvdkufyghr,f . . . [if; [if; . . .
rif;q&mrawmhvm;? olu G,fBuD;tdkrjzpfaeNyD . . . igrBudKufbl;} wJh . . .}}
xdktcgwifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u csufcsif;xatmfawmh\/
]]wdwfprf; . . . tl;pum;awG bmjzpfvkUd tptqHk;ajymae&wmvJ . . . ta&;BuD;wmyJajym . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;taejzifh wynfhrav;taMumif; aumif;pGmodxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ &Dvifonf
i,f&G,fvSonfjzpf tG,fa&mufNyD;olrsm; ajymqdkqufqHMuonfh zdkrudprsm;udk em;rvnf? xifayg ajymonfh
npfnrf;onfh pum;rsm;udkvnf; aumif;onf? qdk;onf cGJjcm;a0zefwwfonfr[kwf? xkdUaMumifh ajymoifhonf
rajymoifhonf em;rvnfyJ ajymcsvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
tm;vHk;u &,fcsifMuaomfvnf; wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;udk aMumufvefUMuojzifh r&,f&JMuacs/
&Dvifu . . . ]]ol . . . 'DvdkajymwmyJ}}
wifh&Du . . .
]]at; xm;vdkufawmh . . . 'Dtl;&JU pum;awGudk qufajymraeeJUawmh . . . nnf;eJU 0gqef;*dkPf;u
vifh[lcsHK; b,fvdkawGUcJh&wmvJ . . . tJ'gudkajym . . .}}
&Dvifu . . .
]]uRefrudkzrf;xm;wJhvlu uRefrudk rvTwfawmhbl;wJh . . . ausmuf*lxJrSm oleJUtwlwl tdyf&r,fwJh . . .}}
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u aigufvdkufjyefonf/
]]wdwfprf; . . . b,fES,f 'Dpum;awGajym&jyefwmvJ}}
&Dvifu . . .
]]olajymwmudk uRefrajymjywmyg . . . uRefru oabmrwlygbl; . . . uRefru oleJY twlwlrSrtdyfwm .
. .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;tzdkU qkyfvnf;pl; pm;vnf;l;jzpfawmhonf/ udp pum;aMum&SnfaevQif ydk
t&SufuGJrnfudk pdk;&drfrdojzifh ...
]]uJ uJ . . . qufajym . . . qufajym . . . ta&;BuD;wmyJajym}}
&Dvifu . . .
]]aemufawmh uRefrvnf; pdwfrxdef;EdkifawmhbJeJY olUudk "m;eJYxdk;csvdkufawmhwmyJ . . . 'Dvl&JU odkif;ynmu
wu,fyJ aMumufp&maumif;wm . . . olua&SmifoGm;NyD; uRefrvufxJu "m;udkvkw,f . . . aemufNyD;
"m;dk;udk b,fbufvufuudkifxm;NyD; b,fbufvufdI;vufreJU "m;xdyfudk csdK;ypfvdkufw,f? uRefr&JU"m;u
odyfnHhwJh"m; r[kwfygbl; . . . 'gayr,fh 'DvlcsdK;vdkufawmh xdyftcRefu wpfvufravmuf usdK;oGm;wmyJ ..}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD; txdwfwvefU ar;vdkuf\/
]]b,fvdk . . . wpfvufravmuf csdK;ypfvdkufw,f [kwfvm; ..}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
113
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][kwfw,f q&mr . . . olcsdK;vdkufwm . . . wpfvufr t&SnfavmufyJ &Sdw,f ..}}

wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;xifrif;udk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;
xifayg\ odkif;ynmtwdrfteufudk aumif;pGm cefYrSef;vdkufEdkiMf uonf/ "m;t&Snfwpfacsmif;udk tv,frS
xufydkif;csdK;vdkufonfqdkvQif xl;qef;vSonf r[kwfacs/
odkUaomf ,ckuJhodkU vufacsmif;uav;ESpfacsmif;jzifh "m;&SnfwpfvufrcefU csdK;ypfEdkifonfrSm
olYvufacsmif;rsm;\ aMumufrufzG,f&m oefrmtm;aumif;yHkudk jyovdkufjcif;yifjzpfawmh\/
xkdtcg xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;onf olUab;em;&Sd wynfhwpfa,mufxHrS "m;&Snf wpfacsmif;udk
vSrf;,lvdkufNyD; xifaygcsdK;ovdk csdK;jyvdkufonf/ csdK;jyNyD;onfESifh &Dviftm; . . .
]]'Dvdk csdK;vdkufwmvm; . . .}}
]][m . . . q&mBuD;vnf; 'Dynmwwfwmudk; . .}}
olr\rsufESmav;onf csufcsif; dI;EGrf;oGm;um oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufrdonf/ aMuuGJaom
avoHuav; jzifah jymvdkufonf/
]][if . . . q&mBuD;taeeJU [dkwpfcsdefrSm vmrulnDEdkifwm odyfESajrmp&maumif;wmyJ . . . EdkUrdkU&if
tpfudkBuD;vifh[cl sHK; 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f &rSmr[kwfbl; . . . ulnDr,fholr&Sdawmh tpfudkBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD; ..}}
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;u . . .
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&Dvifu . . .
]][kwfw,fav . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK; 'Pf&mtjyif;txef&oGm;vdkYom [dkvlqdk;u owfoGm;Edkifwm aygh
. . . EdkUrdkU&ifvm; . . . owfzdkUrajymeJY tem;awmif uyfEdkifrSmr[kwfbl; . .}}
&Dvifu ol\wynfhudk vlqdk; . . . vlqkd;[k xyfwvJvJ ajymaeojzifh &Dcsef;tzdkU tvGefyif tcH&
cufaerdonf/ odYak omfvnf; taMumif;pHkrod&ao;ojzifh atmifhtnf;onf;cH aevdkuf&awmh\/
vltm;vHk;onf &Dvif\rsufvHk;rsm; rsuf&nfrsm; &pf0dkif;vmonfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg olrtm;
ar;rnfholrsm;onf rar;&ufatmif jzpfoGm;Muonf/ &Dvif pdwfxdcdkufcHpm;ae&onfudk tm;vHk;u em;vnf
od&SdrdMuonf/ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;\ wynfhrav;jzpfaomfvnf; rsufESmjrifcspfcifygap [laom kyf&nfrsdK;
&Sdoljzpfojzifh tm;vHk;ucspfoem;rdMu\/
&Dvifonf rsuf&nfrsm;udkokwfvdkufNyD; dIufoHESifhajymvdkufonf/
]][dk vlqdk;BuD;xifaygu uRefr&JU tusudk twif;vdkufqGJw,f . . . uRefr vufeJYjyefkdufawmh olu
uRefrudk vufESpfzufpvHk; zrf;csKyfvdkufw,f . . . tJ'DtcsdefrSm ausmuf*ltjyifbufu w[m;[m; &,foHBuD;
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awmhbl; . . . b,folvJvdkY atmfar;awmhwmyJ . . . tjyifuajzoHawmh rMum;&bl; . . . w[m;[m; &,foHBuD;
awmh Mum;&jyefwmyJ . . . tJ'Dtcgusawmh xifaygu &,foHudk*krpkdufyJ uRefrtusudk vdkufqGJjyefa&m . . .
awmfawmhukd ,kwfrmwJhvlBuD;ygyJ . . . tjyifbufu w[m;[m;&,foBH uD; xyfay:vmjyefw,f . . . xifayg
uawmh a'goodyfxGufaew,f . . . uRefruvnf; tjyifuvl uRefrudk jrefjrefu,fygapvdkY qkawmif;ae&
w,f . . . 'gayr,fh tJ'Dvlu ausmuf*lxu
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114
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xifaygvnf; wI;I;w&Sm;&Sm;eJY *lxJudk jyef0ifvmw,f . . . uRefrem;udkvnf; uyfvma&m tjyifu
w[m;[m; &,foHBuD;uvnf; ay:vmjyefa&m . . . xifayg a'gowBuD; jzpfaewmudkMunfhNyD; uRefr
odyf&,fcsifwmyJ . . . 'geJY uRefrvnf; &,fvdkufw,f . . .}}
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&DvifonfolUq&mr\ aigufoHaMumifh rsufESmuav;eDoGm;onf/
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tjyifuvltwGuf pdwfylNyD; tjyifu owdxm;aemf . . . 'Dvl tayguf0em; a&mufaeNyDvkdY atmf[pf
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ausmuf*lxu
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ta0;BuD;u atmfajymaeayr,fh . . . atmfNyD;wmeJU ausmuf*l0em;rSm vmykef;aewm? 'gaMumifh xifaygvnf;
tjyifbufudk vkdufa&m oluausmuf*lxJ 0ifvmawmhwmyJ . . . olutoHwdk;wdk;uav;eJU uRefrudkajymw,f .
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ta&;BuD;w,fwJh . . . aemufNyD; taMumajzzdkY BudK;pm;awmhwmyJ . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf rodrom rsufarSmifukwfoGm;awmh\/ aygifaMumajz&onfrSm a,musfm;jcif;
jzpfvQif raxmif;om/ rdef;rESifha,musfm; jzpfaeojzifh em;axmif roifhavsmfovdk jzpfaeonf/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf aygifaMumajzonfqdkvQif rvTJra&Smifom aygifudk yGwfoyfukdifwG,f ajzay;&jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
115
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tm;vHk;[m nDtpfudkarmifESrawGyJ . . . udk,fhnDrwpfa,muf 'kua&mufaewm awGYvsufom;eJY rulnD&if
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wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;? &Dcsef;? vQdKusufzkef;? *dkPf;csKyfBuD;xifrif;wdkUtm;vHk; ][m} ceJ jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xkdvlonf vifh[lcsHK;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k olwdkY vHk;0rarQmfvifhaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;rS avmifwufonf ,ckrS ][if;} ceJ oufjyif;csvdkuEf dkifawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;ESihf ywfowf
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ulnDaeolonf vifh[lcsHK;jzpfvdrfhrnf[k rSef;qxm;Muaomfvnf; twdtus rowfrSwf&JMuao;ay/ aemufqHk;
&Dvif\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcgrS aocsmoGm;awmhonf/
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vdkY uRefrudkvnf;rawGUa&m . . . tBuD;tus,f a'goxGufNyD; avQmufqJawmhwmyJ . . . olu uRefr&JU"m;udk
,lNyD; csHKzkwfawG? jrufawmawGudk avQmufckwfw,f . . . uRefrwdkUtwGuf uHaumif;oGm;wmu rdk;om;awG
wufNyD; va&mifvHk;0r&SdwmbJ . . . 'Dawmh uRefrwdkYudk rjrifEkdifbl;aygh . . . olckwfvdkufwJh "m;wpfcsufu
uRefrwdkYacgif;ay:u ]0SD} ceJuyfoGm;w,f . . . aemufawmh wjcm;wpfae&mudk xGufoGm;awmhwmyJ}}
&Dvifonf xkdae&mokdYa&mufaomtcg kwfw&uf pum;&yfoGm;onf/ dIufoHuav;ESifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]tJ'DtcsdefrSm uRefrrsufESmay:udk aoG;awGusvmwmudk uRefrodvdkuf&w,f . . . vufpowfawmh
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awmif xGufrvmbl; . . . uRefru tvefUwMum;eJY ]&Sif 'Pf&m&oGm;NyDvdkU} ajymawmh olu uRefryg;pyfudk
twif;ydwfawmhwmyJ . . . xifayg&JU jrufawmxJ"m;eJU avQmufckwfoGm;wJhtoH ta0;BuD;a&mufoGm;rS wdk;wdk;
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. . . olU'Pf&mudkawmh vufeJYtkyfxm;w,f . . . oddyfrMumbl; . . . xifayg jyefajy;vmNyD;? ][m; [m; [m; . .
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xifaygawmh uRefrwdkUESpfa,mufudk awGUoGm;NyDvdkUodvdkuf&awmh pdwfxJrSm odyfaMumufoGm;wmyJ . . . uRefr
csufcsif; rwfwwf&yfzdkY BudK;pm;rdw,f . . . 'gayr,fh ajcaxmufawGu aysmhacGaeawmh rwfwwf&yfvkdYudk
r&awmhbl;}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
116
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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ajzvdkuf\/
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yg;pyfudk twif;ydwfxm;wmyJ . . . uRefru aMumuftm;vefYtm;eJU toHxGufoGm;rSmpdk;vdkUaygh? xifaygu
oHk;av;cgavmuf xyfatmfao;w,f . . . aemufqHk; toHrMum;&awmhwJhtcg jrufawmwpfckvHk; avQmufckwf
jyefawmhwmyJ ..}}
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&Dvifu . . .
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f Gm;wm tawmfa0;a0;a&mufoGm;w,f . . . tJ'DawmhrS tpfudkBuD;
vifh[lcsHK;u toHwdk;wkd;uav;eJU ]nDrav; aemufxyfem&D0ufavmufqdk&if rif;&JUtaMumawG jyefyGifhNyD . . .
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r[kwfbl; . . . 'Dawmh igwdkY t&JpGefU&vdrfhr,f . . . ausmuf*lxJjyef0ifae&if 'Daumif wkdYudkawGUrSm r[kwfawmh
bl;} vdkYajymw,f . . .}}
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olu uRefrudkayGUcsDNyD; ausmuf*lxJ jyef0ifvdkufw,f . . . ausmuf*lxJa&mufawmh uRefruajymvdkufw,f . . .
uRefrtdwfxJrmS 'PfaMuvdrf;aq;&Sw
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taMumif; uRefruajymygw,f . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK;u tcktcsdefrSm ,lvdkYodyftqifrajybl; . . .
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b,fbufycHk;rSm "m;wpfcsuf tckwfcHvdkuf&w,fqdkwm odvkduf&awmhw,f . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK;u
uRefrqDuaq;udk bmjzpfvdkY r,lwmvnf; rodbl; . . .}}
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&Dvifonf olYq&mr\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;[efjzifh rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;
onf/ em;rvnfEkdifatmifvnf; jzpfoGm;onf/ xkdUaMumifh ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
117
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]]rif;u olYudkrodayr,fh olu rif;&JursufESmudk tapmBuD;uwnf;u jrifxm;wmjzpfvdrfhr,f? EdkYrkdY&if

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vdkufonf/
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]tm;} ceJ atmfoH Mum;vdkuf&w,f . . . tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK; 'Pf&mwpfcsuf xyf&oGm;jyefa&m? xifayg
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118
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&Dvifonf pum;udk tqufrjywf ajymae&ojzifh armoGm;[efjzifh cP&yfoGm;onf/ cef;rBuD; wpfckvHk;&Sd
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ajymvdkufw,f? tpfudkBuD;u ]'Dvdkvdk&if rif;&JYq&mrudk igqJ&vdrfYr,f . . . . wynfYraumif; q&mYacgif;
qdkwm 'gyJ . . . wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;[m wu,fawmh bmrStoHk;rusbl; . . . . toufBuD;av toHk;rus
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
119
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aMumifh wkefaewmyJ? ]tawmf toHk;ruswJY r,foDv&Sif? oGm;prf;yg? u,fcdkif;csif&ifvnf; jrefjrefoGm;NyD;
u,ffcdkif;yg . . . igYemrnfu avmifwufvdkY ajymawmYwmyJ . . . .}}
avmifwufonf . . . . xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGefw&m thHMooGm;onf/ olYtpfudkBuD;onf
tb,faMumifY olt
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acgif;IyfoGm;awmY\
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jzpfonf/
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avmifwufu olY*dkPf;wlnDawGxJrSm touftBuD;qHk;r[kwfvm;/ avmifwufu vifY[lcsHK;xuf0gi,fwm
rSefayr,fh toufusawmY awmfawmfBuD;aew,f . . . . &DvifeJYqdk&if om;tzavmufjzpfEdkifw,f}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom tcgusrS vifY[lcsHK;\ &nfG,fcsufudk
oabmaygufoGm;awmYonf/ trSefpifppf vifY[lcsHK;u &Dvif\ *kPfodumudk umuG,fay;vkdufjcif;om jzpf\/
ausmuf*lxJwGif rdef;rESifha,musfm; twlwl&SdaecJhMuNyD;rS tu,f &Dvif vGwfajrmufoGm;onfhtcg
olrtm; u,fwifvdkufolrSm olr\ zciftG,f&SdoljzpfaMumif; ywf0ef;usifu od&SdoGm;ygu r[kwfr[wf
odumusaprnfh pum;rsm; xGufay:rvmap&ef avmifwuf\emrnfukd ,loHk;vdkufjcif;jzpfayonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
120
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wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf xdkodkY pOf;pm;vdu

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onf/ olru acgif;ndwfjyNyD; . . .
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&Dvifu qufajymonf/
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bmjzpfovJqdkawmY ]tif; . . . vufpowfawmY 'Dr,foDv&Sifu xifaygeJYyl;aygif;NyD; ighudkvkyfBuHwmudk . . . .
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"m;uGufawGawmif rxkwfEdkifawmhbl; . . . . awmfNyD . . . . awmfNyD . . . a[Y xifayg . . . ighudk wpfcsufwnf;
eJYom ckwfowfvdkuaf wmh} vdkYajymw,f . . . tJ'Dvdk ajymoHMum;awmYrS uRefrvnf; vefYoGm;w,f . . . olqJwm
uRefrudk emapcsifvdkYqJwm r[kwfrSef;odayr,fY ausmuf*lxJrSmqdkawmh tpfudkBuD;twGuf wdkuf&cdkuf&wm
taESmuft,Suf jzpfcsifjzpfEkid fw,fvdkY wGufvdkufrdw,f . . . 'DawmYrS uRefru ]tpfudkBuD; avmifwuf . . .
uRefroGm;awmhr,f . . . owdxm;aemf} vdkYajymawmhvnf; tpfukdBuD;u xyfqJwmyJ . . . olu ]<u . . . <u
jrefjref<u? r,foDv&SifawGeJYw;dk &if zJIH;wwfw,fqdkwJh pum;vnf; &Sdao;w,f . . . . igu zJupm;wm
0goemygwJhvlrdkY rif;wdkYeJY b,fawmhrSrawGYcsifbl;? rif;wdkYvdk r,foDv&SifawGeJY tckvdkom wdk;ae&ifawmh
igwpfoufv;Hk zJupm;vdkY EdkifrSmr[kwfawmYbl; . . . .} vdkY qJawmYwmyJ}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf vifY[lcsHK;u &DvifxGufoGm;ap&ef y&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh ESifxkwf
aejcif;jzpfaMumif; odaomfvnf; wu,fhwu,f Mum;vdkufaomtcgwGif a'gojzpfvdkufrdao;onf/
&Dvif\ xlyHk tyHkrsm;twGufvnf; rcsifYr&JjzpfvmrdojzifY . . .
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uRefru tjyifrSm apmifYaecsifao;wm? 'gayr,fhrjzpfbl; . . . xifaygEdkifoGm;&if uRefrudk xGufzrf;rSmpdk;&drf&
w,f . . . . *lxJrSmae&ifvnf; tpfudkBuD; zJIH;rSmpdk;&w,f . . . 'Dawmh q&mrwdkYudk rDatmifvdkufNyD; tpfudkBuD;
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vGwf&muRwf&majy;atmif y&d,m,fqifNyD; ajymaewm[Jh . . . bmrStoHk;rusbl;? tck 'Dtcef;xJu vlawG
nnf;eJYighukd awGYaeMuNyD . . . olwdkYtm;vHk; uHqdk;ukefNyDvm; . . .}}
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&Dvifu quf . . .
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wmyJ . . . . uRefr olYudkvnf;awGYvkdufa&m ajcaxmufawG aysmYacGusrwwf jzpfoGm;&wmyJ . . . csHK;&efNrdKUrSmu
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
121
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vlrsm;awmh xifaygu uRefrudk twif;tusyf rapmfum;&Jbl; . . . olu uRefrudkajymw,f? ]rif; ighaemufu

at;at;aq;aq;vdkuv
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uJ . . . uRefr bmvkyf&rvJ? rvdkuf&if 'DvlBuD;u wu,fvkyfrSm q&mr&JU . . . uRefrvnf; aMumufawmY
olYaemufu vdkufae&awmYwmyJ . . . olu uRefrudk csHK;&efNrdKUu rif;orD;t&ufqdkifBuD;udk ac:oGm;w,f . . .
uRefrudk twif;Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; pm;aomufckdi;f w,f . . . uRefru &Sif;jyygw,f . . . uRefrwdkY [efqef;*dkPf;u
r,foDv&SifawG[m t&ufraomuf&bl;? tom;rpm;&bl; . . . 'gaMumifYrdkY rpm;yg&apeJY ajymawmY olu
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&Dvifonf pum;udk xdkae&modkY a&mufaomtcg wifY&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;tm; wpfcsufrQ acsmif;MunfhvkdufNyD;
olr\ pum;udk qufrajym&JawmYay/
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twdtus jyefajymaezdkY rvdkbl; . . .
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acsycJhygao;w,f? &Sif r[kwfr[wfawG avQmufajymraeeJY . . . uRefrwdkY&JU q&mru b,fawmYrS t&ufeJY
acG;om;udk cdk;rpm;bl;vkdY . . .}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD; taejzifh vlwum &,fp&mjzpfaprnfh pum;rsm;udk rajym&ef vrf;aMumif;
owday;aeonfhMum;rS &Dviftaejzifh ajymjzpfatmif ajymaeayao;onf/ wifY&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;rSm pdwfqdk;&
tcuf a'goxGu&f tcuf jzpfaeawmhonf/
cef;rwGif;&Sd vlrsm;url . . . . &Dvif\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&unf;u Budwf&,faerdMuawmY\/ wifY&D
r,foDv&SifBuD;onfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkifawmhojzifh Oayum jyKxm;vkduf&awmhonf/
&Dvifu quf ajymvdkufonf/
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tom;[if;awGrSmNyD; twif;auR;awmYwmyJ . . . uRefru rpm;yg&apeJYvkYd awmif;yefvnf;r&bl; . . . tJ'D
tcsdefrSmyJ vlwpfa,muf tay:udkwufvmw,f . . . cg;rSmvnf; "m;wpfacsmif; csdwfxm;w,f? rsufESmu
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uRefrwdkYpm;yGJem;vnf; a&mufa&m . . . bmrajymnmrajymeJY xdkifcsawmYwmyJ . . . aemufNyD; uRefrukd
xifaygu twif;aomufzdkYay;xm;wJh uRefra&SYu t&ufcGufudk aumuf,lNyD; armYaomufypfvdkufwmyJ . . .
aemufxyfvnf; wpfcGufNyD;wpfcGuf iSJYaomufaeawmYwmyJ . . . 'Dvdk ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; vmvkyfwJhvlukd xifaygu
aoaocsmcsmMunfYNyD; ]aMomf . . . rif;udk;} vdkY ajymvdkufw,f . . . . olu ][kwfw,f? usKyfyJ} vdkYjyefajymNyD;
wmeJY t&ufawG xyfarmYaejyefwmyJ . . . . tJ'DawmYrS uRefru olY&JYtoHudk csufcsif;rSwfrdvdkufw,f . . .
uRefravmuf 0rf;omwJYvl 'DavmuxJrSm &SdrSmr[kwfawmYbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmY 'Dvl[m uRefrudk *lxJu
u,fwifzdkY BudK;pm;cJYwJYvl jzpfaevdkYyJ . . . . ol[m tifrwef uHaumif;vGef;vdkY raowmbJjzpf&r,f . . .
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
122
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127
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131
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
140
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
141
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
142
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifrdeu
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
143
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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*dkPf;wGif ajracG;uJhodkU Pftrsm;qHk; taumufuspfqHk;aom zef;vifaywnf;/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
144
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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rQavmufESifh odkU tkwftkwfusufusuf &,faep&mrvdk/ olUtaejzifh pOf;pm;r&Ekdifavmuf atmif
jzpfaeawmh\/
xdktcg zef;vifu olUq&maemufausmodkYoGm;NyD; aemufausmtusay:rS pm&Gufwpf&Gufukd cGmcs
ay;vdkufonf/ &Dcsef;u xdkpm&Gufudk uref;uwef;vSrf;,l Munfhvdkuf&m puLay:wGif vdyfBuD; wpfaumifyHk
a&;qGJ xm;onfudk awGU&awmhonf/
{uE rdrd\tvpfwGif uav;rav;u uyfxm;vdkufjcif;omjzpf&ayrnf/ rdrd uav;rav;tm;
acsmharmhaepOf uyfxm;vdkufjcif;jzpf&rnf[k pOf;pm;rdvdkuf\/
xdkrSquf pOf;pm;rdaomtcg &Dcsef;onf a'goaMumifh wpfudk,fvHk; wqwfqwf wkefvIyfvm
awmhonf/
]]'DvdyfyHkudk tapmBuD;uwnf;u qGJxm;wmyJ? 'Dvdkqdk&if uav;rav;udk aemufuae TefMum; ay;aewJh
vlBuD;wpfa,mufa,muf &dSae&r,f ...}}
olonf vQdKusufzkef;udk wpfcsufMunfhvdkufNyD; pdwfxJwGif ...
]]'Duav;rav;[m vQdKusufzkef;&JUtdrfu uav;rav;yJjzpf&r,f? 'Dvdkqdk&if 'Duav;rav;udk
aemufuG,fu TefMum;ay;wJhvl[m vQdKusufzkef; yJjzpf&rSmaygh ...}} [k awG;vdkufrdawmhonf/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
145
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dcsef;uolYtm; odkYwpfcsufrQMunfhvdkufonfESifh rnfonfhoabmESifhMunfhaMumif; vdQKusufzkef;u

odvdkufNyD;jzpf\/ &Dcsef;u rdrdudktxifvGJaeavNyD/ rdrdrSmtdrf&Siw
f pfa,muftaejzifh odkU txifvGJrSm;rI
rcHEkdifay/
xdkYaMumifh csufcsif;a&SUodkYwdk;vmum rdef;uav;tm; nifompGmar;jref;vdkufonf/
]]wlrav; rif;&JYazazeJUararaum? wlrav; b,ftdrfrSmaewmvJuG,fh ..}}
ar;cGef;rsm;onf &Dcsef;udk oG,f0dkufaomenf;jzifh ajz&Sif;csuf xkwfvdkufjcif;om jzpf\/
rdef;uav;ESifh rdrd rnfodkUrQrywfoufaMumif; xif&Sm;aeacsNyD/
xdktjyif vdQKusufzkef;taejzifhvnf; uav;r\Zpfjrpfudk vdkvdkvm;vm; odcsifpdwfay:aecJhonf/
rdef;uav;u ..
]]tazeJYtaru udp&SdvdkYxGufoGm;MuNyD? azazwdkYu uRefrudk aoaocsmcsmrSmoGm;w,f? 'DrSm
vdrfvdrfrmrmav;xdkifaewJh? awmfMumus&if 'DrSm jyyGJBuD;wpfckjyvdrfhr,fwJh? vlESpfa,mufysH0ifvmNyD;
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tJh'DynmawGMunfhcsif&if orD;av; 'DrSm NidrfNidrfoufoufaevdkY rSmoGm;w,f? tJ'Dynmu csif;csef*kdPf;&JU
taumif;qHk;odkif;ynmwJh? bmygvdrfh aMomf... aMomf ]zifrdk;arQmfodkif;uGuf} wJh? odyfMunfhaumif;wmyJwJh ...}}
[k ajymawmh\/
rdef;uav;onf ajym&if; tvGefoabmus[efjzihf vufckyfvuf0g;wD;aeawmh\/
uav;rav;\ rsuf0ef;tdrfrsm;wGif apmapmu idkxm;onfh rsuf&nfpav;rsm; cdkwGJaeao;onf/
odkYaomf ,ck ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf NyHK;&,fvsuf&SdacsNyD/ cef;rtwGif;&Sd y&dwftm;vHk;url rdef;uav;\
ajympum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg tvGefoabmusaeMuawmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf csif;csef*dkPf;tm; t&SufwuGJ tudsK;enf;jzpfaponfhpum;rsm; jzpfaeaom
aMumifhwnf;/
&Dcsef;onf vJaeaom wynfhESpfa,mufteufrS wpfa,muf\taMumudk ajzay;&ef BudK;pm; vdkufonf/
odkYaomf xdkwynfh\cEmudk,fonf at;pufawmifhwif;vsuf &SdaeavNyD/
&Dcsef;onf xdwfceJjzpfoGm;awmh\/
]]'kuyJ ... 'DESpfaumif towfcHvku
d f&wmygvm; ...}}
&Dcsef;onf olYwynfhESpfa,muf\udk,fudk yufvufvSefvdkuf\/ xdktcg wynfhESpfa,mufpvHk;\
rsufESmwGif xl;qef;aom tNyHK;yGifhrsm;yGifhvsuf&Sdae\/ aoyef;yGifhonf[k ajym&rnfvm; rqdkEdkifay/ olwdkYum;
0dnmOfcsKyfvsuf &dSaeMuayNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
146
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dcsef;onf xl;qef;aomtNyHK;udk jrifawGUvdkuf&aomtcg o&JwapudkawGUvdku&f ouJhodkY wkefvIyf

acsmufcsm;oGm;awmh\/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf vuPmonf csif;csef*dkPf;\ vQdKU0Sufodkif;ynmjzpfaom ESvHk;kduf
vuf0g;apmif;odkif;uGufjzifh kdufowfcH&aom vlrsm;\rsufESm awGUjrifavh&Sdaom vuPmjzpfjcif;aMumifh
aywnf;/
trSefpifppf tNyHK;onf &Tifvef;jcif;\ vuPmr[kwfay/ ESvHk;om;uGJaMuonftxd tkdufcH
vdkuf&olrSm
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wGefUvdrfoGm;cJh&onf/
<uufom;rsm;
wGefYvdrfoGm;rIonf qef;us,fvSpGm uJhoYdk xl;jcm;aom tNyHK;rsm;udk ay:aygufapcJhjcif;jzpf\/
odkYqdkygu wynfhESpfa,mufonf olwdkYtcsif;csif;\ vufcsufjzifhyif toufaysmufcJhjcif;
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ rarQmfvifhaom tjzpftysufrsm;aMumifh &Dcsef;onf kwfw&uf pum;rajymEkdifatmif
jzpfoGm;&awmhonf/
ewfqdk;\kyfyHkudk eH&Hay: a&;vdkufolxHodkY ewfqdk;udk,fwdkif wjznf;jznf;a&mufvmbdouJhodkY
tjypfrJholrsm;udk &ufpufpGmowfjzwfcJhonfh csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;xHodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmcJhavNyD/
xdkpOf vifrdefusufonf kwfw&uf atmf[pfvu
dk frdawmh\/
]]ESvHk;kduf vuf0g;apmif; ESvHk;kduf vuf0g;apmif;}}
vifrdeu
f suftzdkY vuPmonf q,foufrQrarhEkdifaom vuPmrsm;jzpf\/ olwdkYtmrcHXme\
rsm;jym;vSpGmaom a&mif;&if;rsm;\ rsufESmay:0,f xl;jcm;vSaom tNyHK;yGifhrsm;udk aMuuGJpzG,f ajrmuf
jrm;pGm awGUcJh&NyD;NyD r[kwfygavm/
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zvS,fvsuf&SdaeMuacsNyD/
]]vufpowfawmh olwdkYcsif;csef*P
dk f;uvlawG tcsif;csif; owfjzwfaeMuwmudk;? tif;ayghav
wjcm;*dkPf;u owfwmqdk&if tus,ftus,f rNidrf;zG,f jzpfaeOD;r,f ...}}
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xdkUaMumifh toHwk;d wdk;jzifh zef;viftm; ajymvdkufonf/
]]tavmif;awGudk tjyifxrf;NyD; xkwfoGm;vdkufprf;}}
zef;vifonf olwdkY\*dkPf;om;tcsdKUudk vuf,yfac:vdkufNyD; tavmif;ESpfavmif;udk xrf;xkwfoGm;
awmh\/
tavmif;rsm;r&SdvQif a0zefoHrsm;vnf; avsmhyg;oGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
&Dcsef;onf wif;rmaomrsufESmxm;jzifh uav;rav;tm; Munfhum ajymvdkufonf/
]]rif;tazemrnf b,fvdkac:ovJajymprf;? apmapmu rif;ajymwJhpum;awG[m rif;taz oifay;wJh
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rdef;uav;onf ol\pum;udk vHk;0*krpdkufkHrQru tjcm;wpfbufodkUyg vSnfhvdkufao;\/ &Dcsef; onf
a'govnf;xGuf? &Sufvnf;&Sufvmojzifh xyfatmfvdkufonf/
]]a[h igar;aew,f? rif;udkar;aew,f}}
uav;rav;onf olr\OD;acgif;udk wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;\ &ifcGifwGif;odkU aMumufaMumuf vefYvefYjzifh
wdk;0ifvdkufNyD; us,fus,favmifavmif idka<u;vdkufawmhonf/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;url uav;rav;\ausmjyifudk yGwfoyfacsmharmhum ESpfodrfhvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
147
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]uav; ... raMumufeJU? bmrSraMumufeJU? bGm;bGm;&Sdw,f ...}}

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]]&Sifub,fvdkvJ? udk,ftoHk;rusvdkY udk,fhwynfhawGudk rxdef;csKyfEkdifwmeJY olrsm;om;orD;udk bmjzpfvdkY
atmfvm; aigufvm; vkyfae&wmvJ ...}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
&Dcsef;\rsufESmonf rJh&GJUoGm;awmh\/
xdkpOf uav;rav;onf wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;\&ifcGifxJrS olr\acgif;uav;udkxkwfum &Dcsef;tm;
vQmxkwfjyNyD; wcpfcpf&,faeawmhonf/
&Dcsef;onf rcsifhr&J a'goxGufaeaomfvnf; rnfuJhodkU vkyf&rSef;rodatmif jzpfae\/
xdktcsdefwGif &Dvifr,foDv&Sifuav;onf jyefvnfowd&NyD;aeavNyD/ olronf uav;rav;\
tjyKtrlrsm;udk tm;vHk;awGUjrifae&onf/
]]'Duav;rav;udk igawGUzl;ygw,f? b,frSmawGUzl;wmygvdrfh ...}}
&Dvifonf olr\rSwfPfrsm;udk tjyif;txef wGef;xdk;vIHUaqmfpOf;pm;aerdonf/ kwfw&uf olr
owd&oGm;\/
]][kwfNyD ... [kwfNyD ... raeUnu rif;orD;t&ufqdkifxJrSm awGUcJhwmyJ? olvnf; t&ufqdkifxJrSm
&SdaewmyJ? 'gaMumifh olUudkawGUzl;w,fvdkU xifaewm ...}}
olr\tawG;vdyjf ymonf raeUnu tjzpftysufrsm;qDodkU ysH0JoGm;awmh\/
xifaygu olrudk t&ufqdkifodkYac:vmpOf t&ufqdkifxJwGif vlrsm;jynfhaecJhonf/ aemufydkif;wGif
xifaygu xdkufqef;*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufudk owfvdkufNyD; aemufwpfa,muftm; 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm &&Sdap
vdkufaomtcgwGifrl t&ufqdkif&Sdvlrsm; aMumufvefYwMum; xGufajy;ukefMuawmh\/
odkYaomf tcef;axmifhwpfaxmifhwGifrl vlESpfa,muf xdkifNrJxdkifaeMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;towfcHvdkuf&
aomtcg rdrdu vifh[lcsKH;\tavmif;udkayGUydkuf qdkufatmufxyfodkU qif;vmonftxd xdkESpfa,muf onf
xdkifjrJxdkifaecJMh uonf/
xdkpOfu pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef;ojzifh olwdkYESpfa,mufudk rawGUrdovdk pdwfuxifrSwfaeaomfvnf; ,ckuJhodkY
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vmawmhonf/
xdkvlESpfa,mufwGif wpfa,mufonf a,mufsm;BuD;wpfa,mufjzpf usefwpfa,mufrSm uav;r
av;yif jzpfawmhonf/
cef;rxJ&Sd vltm;vHk;vdkvdk &Dcsef;ESifhrdef;uav;wdkUudkom MunfhaeMu\/ uav;rav;\ aemuf ajymifyHkESifh
&Dcsef;\ a'gojzpfaeyHkrSm olwdkUtwGuf jyufvHk;ozG,f jzpfaeawmh\/
&DvifrSmrl raeUnu tjzpftysufrsm;udo
k m jyefvnfjrifa,mifaerdawmhonf/
aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfaeaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\ MuifemaomtjyKH;rsm;um; olr\rsufpdxJrS rxGufEdkif aom
t&mrsm;yifjzpfawmhonf/
vdkviftm; y&d,m,fqif nmac:yHk? ol\"m;jzifh yifhwifxdk;owfvdkufyHk? vifh[lcsKH;\tavmif;udk ayGUcsD
qdkifwGif;rS olrxGufcJhyHk? tdyfrufruf a,mif,rf;xavQmufolyrm trSwfonmrJh jrdKUwHcg;rS xGufcJhyHk/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
148
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf vifh[lcsKH;\ cEmkyftvmif;onf wjznf;jznf;at;pufvmonfudk cHpm;rdyHkESihf aemufqHk; a&uef

wpfckem;odkYa&mufaomtcg owdvpfNyD; arhvJusoGm;yHkwdkYudk wpfuGufcsif;wpfuGufcsif; jyefvnf jrifa,mif
vmrdawmh\/
olrjyefvnfowd&vmaomtcgwGif vifh[lcsKH;\tavmif;udk rawGU&awmhojzifh txdwfwvefYjzpf
oGm;&NyD; a&uefxJodkY qif;&SmcJhyHkrsm;udkyg jyefvnfjrifa,mifrdcJhonf/
aemufq;Hk wGif olronf csKH;qef;jrdKUodkYa&muf&SdcJhNyD; vdQKusufzkef;\tdrfoYv
dk dkufvm&mrS ,ck rdrd\ q&mr
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;ESifh awGUqHkcJh&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
odkYaomf olr\ESvHk;om;xJ vifh[lcsKH;udk rnfodkYrQ arhaysmufr&Ekdifatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh &Dvifcrsm ...
]]ig... ig... olUudk owd&aevdkUrjzpfygbl;av? 'g... 'gu bk&m; rBudKufwJhtvkyf? q&mrod&if vnf;
ighudkqlrSm... 'gayr,fh tpfudkBuD; tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;&JUtavmif; b,frsm;a&mufoGm;ygvdrfh? igarhvdkY
r&ygvm;aemf ...}}
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
149
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;
xdkpOf ...
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf uav;rav;ESifh ywfouf pOf;pm;aerdonf/
olrtaejzifh cspfp&maumif;aom uav;rav;udk tvGefoabmusaerd\/
xdkYaMumifh &Dcsef;u xdkuav;rav;udk tEdkifusifhvmvQif olrtaejzifh rnfodkYrQ vufydkuf&yfMunfh
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odkY&mwGif &Dcsef;onfvnf; omrnvlwpfa,mufr[kwf? *dkPf;BuD;wpf*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;
wpfa,mufjzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh &Dcsef;ESifh tjyif;txef wdkufcdkufMuvQifvnf; ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;twGuf
aumif;vdrfhrnfr[kwf/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf taumif;qHk;jzpfEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;wpfckukd &&Sdvdkufojzifh &Dviftm;
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r,fholr&Sdawmh vlwumu olYudktEdkifusifhcsifaeMuwm ...}}
]][kwfuJhq&mr ... olYtazeJYtarudk awGUatmif uRefr vdkuf&Smay;vdkufyghr,f ...}}
&Dvifonf uav;rav;\ vufudkqGJum tjyifodkY xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif atmifhoufoufjzifh tHwBudwfBudwf usef&pfcJholrSm &Dcsef;yifjzpfavawmhonf/ &Dcsef;
taejzifh uav;rav; xGufroGm;ap&ef rnfodkYrQ wm;jrpfrjzpfEdkifrSef;odojzifh xdkrQ a'gojzpf usef&pf
aejcif;jzpf\/
&Dvifonf tjyifvrf;rodkY a&mufaomtcg uav;rav;tm; ar;vdkuf\/
]]nDrav;emrnf b,fvdkac:vJ[if ...}}
rdef;uav;onf rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymbJ wcpfcpf &,faeawmh\/NyD;rS ...
]]uRefremrnfu vifh[lcsKH;wJh ...}}
&Dvif xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;\/ xdkYaemuf rsufarSmifukwfNyD; ajymvdkufonf/
]]rru nDrav;udk aumif;aumif;ar;aewm? bmjzpfvdkY nDrav;u avQmufaemufae&wmvJ ...}}
uav;rav;u &,f ...
]]bmvJ... rruom rr&JUoli,fcsif;udk vifh[lcsKH;vdkY ac:Edkifwmaygh... olrsm;udk rac:Edkifbl;aygh...}} [k
ar;onf/
&Dvifonf csufcsif;yif rsuf&nfrsm;0Jvmawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
150
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tudkBuD;vifh[lcsKH;[m rr&JUtoufocif aus;Zl;&SifyguG,f? ol[m rraMumifh aocJh&wmyg?

rrudku,fvdkY ol toufqHk;IH;cJh&wmyg? rru olY&JUoli,fcsif; b,fjzpfEdkifyghrvJuG,f ..}}
xdkpOf vQdKusufzkef;\tdrfrS cg;ukef;BuD;ESpfa,muf xGufvmMuonfudk awGUvdkufMu&\/
xdkESpfa,mufrSm vifrdefusufESifh ajrmufydkif;ukvm;tkwf rkaumif;zkef;wdkYyif jzpf\/
uav;rav;onf xdkESpfa,mufudk MunfhNyD; wcpfcpf &,fawmh\/
]]rr... 'DavmuBuD;[m wu,fxl;qef;wJh avmuBuD;yJaemf? tbdk;uvnf; cg;ukef;BuD;? ajr;us
awmhvnf; cg;ukef;av;jzpfaewm odyf&,fp&maumif;wmyJ ..}}
&Dvifonf vifh[lcsKH;taMumif; awG;aerdojzifh tvGefw&mrS pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfae&m ...
]]nDrav; rracgif;odyfudkufaevdkY nDrav;eJY rvdkufEdkifawmhbl;uG,f? nDrav;udk &efjyKr,fholawG vnf;
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]][if... rr acgif;udkufw,fqdkwm nmajymwmyg... uRefrodygw,f? vifh[lcsHK;qdkwJh emrnfvnf;
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olronf &Dvif\vufudk kwfw&uf qGJvdkufum ...
]]rru uRefremrnfar;w,f r[kwfvm;? uRefrudk bdk;bdk;ua&m azazeJYararua&m az;az;vdkY
ac:Muw,f? rruvnf; az;az;vdkYyJ ac:aygh ...}} [k ajymonf/
uav;ru olr\emrnf ajymjyojzifh &Dvifonf auseyfoGm;avonf/
az;az;u &Dvifudk wpfcsuftuJcwfNyD; quf ...
]]rrom r,foDv&Sif rvkyf&if b,favmufaumif;rvJ}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &Dvif wkefvIyfoGm;onf/ az;az;url &Dvif\ trlt&mudk vHk;0rod&b
Sd J
ol ajymcsif&mudo
k m qufajymaeawmh\/
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qHyifeJYomqdk&if b,favmuf vSvdkufrvJaemf ...}}
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az;az;uyif quf ...
]]rr ... uRefreJYvdkufNyD; vlwpfa,muf&JYtoufudk u,fay;rvm; ... rrwdkY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU
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... 'Daq;om r&&if 'DvlaorSm}} [k ajymonf/
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151
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152
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
154
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olYtpm;oGm;&r,fvdkYajym&if rr i&Judkb,fESpfBudrfoGm;&oGm;& oGm;ygw,fuG,f ...}}
xdkpOf ...
ckwifay:rS vlem\ nnf;nLoHudk Mum;vdkufMu&onf/ rMumrD jyefvnfNidrfoufoGm;jyefonf/
az;az;u ...
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vHk;0oduRrf;wmr[kwfbJeJY tepfemcHNyD; Mum;xJuaooGm;vdkY rr pdwfraumif;jzpfrdwmyg ..}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
156
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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..}}
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... ukefukefajymvdkufr,f ... rr&JU toufeJYvJvdkY&&ifawmif vJay;vdkufyghr,f ..}}
xdktcg az;az;u kwfw&uf atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]tudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH; ... Mum;ovm; ... rr&Dvif ajymaewmawG ..}}
&Dvifu a'gooHESifh aigufvdkufonf/
]]az;az; ... nnf; bmawGavQmufatmfaewmvJ}}
az;az;url olrudk vHk;0ta&;rpdkufbJ olUtoH pl;pl;uav;ESihf quf atmfaejyefawmhonf/
]]rru ajymaew,f? tudkBuD; toufjyef&SifzdkY twGufqdk&if bmrqdk vkyfay;Edkifw,fwJh ..}}
&Dvifonf az;az;tm; a'gojzpfaeaomfvnf; az;az;\tjyKtrl xl;jcm;aeonfudk wjznf;jznf;
odvmrdonf/ wpfpHkwpfckudk kwfw&uf awG;vdkufrdaomtcg tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;
awmhonf/
]]nnf; ... nnf; ...}}
az;az;u kwfw&uf rD;tdrfwpfckudk xGef;dSvdkufaomtcg tcef;wpfckvHk; vif;xdefoGm;awmh\/
csufcsif;yif ckwifay:tdyfaeol\ rsufESmudkzHk;tkyx
f m;onfh vufudkify0gudk qGJz,fvdkufawmhonf/
&Dvifonf wpfcsufrQ vSrf;MunfhvdkufrdonfESifhwNydKifeuf rdkufceJjzpfoGm;um aemufodkY ,drf;,dkif
oGm;awmh\/ az;az;u aemufrS tomt,m xdef;ay;xm;&if; &,f&,farmarmESifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]'gudkjrifvu
dk f&if rr tBuD;tus,f pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;r,fqdkwmodom;yJ ... uJ ... jrifNyDvm; ... ol
b,folvJ ...}}
&Dvifu ...
]]ol ... ol ... ol ..}}
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ajcaxmuf cdkifcdkifNrJNrJr&yfEdkifovdk jzpfaerdonf/
ckwifay: rsufpdrsm;rSdwfvsuf tdyfaeolonf rsufcHk;aumif;aumif;? EIwfcrf;yg;yg;ESifh cefYnm;
acsmarmvSonfh vifh[lcsKH; jzpfaeacsonfwum;/
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]]nD ... nDrav; ... ol ... ol ... ol ... raobl; r[kwfvm; ...}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
az;az;u ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf &,fvdkufNyD; ...
]]olckawmh raoao;ygbl;... 'gayr,fh rr&JUvdrf;aq; tpGrf;rxuf&ifawmholaorSmaygh... tudkBuD;
vdkvlrsdK;uawmh awmfawmfeJY aorSmr[kwfygbl;av... bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh olu ao&rSmraMumufbl;av?
aorif;u ao&rSmaMumufwJhvlawGudkom aG;ac:wwfwm r[kwfvm; ...}}
rSefygonf/
vifh[lcsKH;uJhodkYaomvlrsdK;onf awmfkHESifh aovdrfhrnf r[kwfyg/ arwm? apwemESifh tMuifem w&m;wdkYudk
yxrwef;rSxm; rdrdtouf&SifoefrIudk 'kwd,xm;aomvlrsm;twGuf arwm apwemESifh tMuifemw&m;
wdkYuom yxrvmNyD;? aojcif;u 'kwd,rS a&mufvmwwfonf r[kwfygvm;/
]]ol ... ol ... raoEdkifawmhygbl; ..}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
157
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dvifonf csKH;yGJcsidkawmh\/
az;az;u ...
]][if ... rr bmjzpfvdkY idk&wmvJ [if ..}}
&DvifrSm ajcaxmufESpfzufpvHk; aysmhacGaeojzifh vHk;0 rwfwwf&yfEdkifjcif; r&Sdawmhacs? xdkYaMumifh
ckwifapmif;wGif rsufESmtyf 0rf;om0rf;enf; idkavawmh\/ olru Iduf&if;ajymvdkufonf/
]]rr... odyf0rf;omvdkY idkwmyguG,f... nDrav;udk rr odyfaus;Zl;wifygw,f... aMomf... vufp owfawmh
nDrav;wdkYu tudkBuD;vifh[lcsKH;udk u,fvdkufMuwmudk;}}
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]]&Dvif ... &Dvif ..}}
[l pdk;&drfwBuD;atmfac:aeonfhtoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufMu&awmh\/ wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;\
toHomwnf;/
&Dvifonf xdwfvefYoGm;ojzifh jyefxl;&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/ az;az;onf tcef;rD;udk kwfw&uf
Nidrf;vdkufNyD; &Dvif\yg;pyfudk ydwfxm;vdkufawmh\/ olru &Dvif\em;em;odkYuyfum wdk;wdk;uav;
ajymvdkufonf/
]]rr ... toHrjyKeJY ... 'Dtdrfu bmtdrv
f Jqdkwm rrodNyD;NyD r[kwfvm; ..}}
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xdwfvefYaeawmhonf/ rdrd\q&mrac:oHudk Mum;vsufu rxl;bJaecJhonfrSm onfwoufwGif onf
wpfBudrfom&Sdawmh\/
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r[kwfvm;}}
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taoay;oifhwmuawmh trSefygyJ ... 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhab;em;rSm rif;orD;uav;oHk;a,muf &Sdaeawmh
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tysufruav;rsm; yifwnf;/
wcsdKUu ...
]]tpfudkBuD;... b,futbGm;BuD;u vmac:aewmvJ... ta&;pdkufraeeJY... uRefrudk arT;arT;ay;yg...}} [k
ajymae\/
xdkYaemuf rdef;uav;rsm;\ &,farmoHrsm; xyfrHay:vmjyefawmhonf/ &,foH? pum;ajymoHrsm; onf
wdk;oGm;onfr&SdbJ ydkydk us,favmifvm\/ onfrSm wrifoufouf jyKvkyfaeMujcif;jzpfNyD;
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;udk tdrfrS ESifxkwfaeMujcif;om jzpfawmh\/
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;onf tvGefa'goxGufvm ...
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ckwfxpfypfr,f ..}} [k Budrf;armif;awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
158
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xifaygu w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...

]]usKyfxGufvm&ifvnf; q&mrBuD;u usKyfudk ckwfowfrSmyJ... rxGufvm&ifvnf; ckwfowfrSmyJ... 'Dawmh
ajctanmif;cHNyD; xGufraeawmhygbl;Asm... uJ... uJ... usKyfawmif;yefygw,f... q&mrBuD;wdYv
k dk vlrsdK;u
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olu bk&m;w&m;udk 'Davmufdkaoudkif;Idif;wJh r,foDv&Sifuav;[m b,f ... 'Dvdkae&mrsdK; vmvdrfhrvJ ...}}
wifh&D r,foDv&SifBuD;u ...
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awGU&wmaygh}}
xifaygu ...
]]q&mrBuD; ... 'DtdrfudkrD;IdUwmu ta&;rBuD;ygbl; ... 'gayr,fh odkif;avmuu vlawG ar;vm
Muvdrfhr,f... bmjzpfvdkY [efqef;*dkPf;uq&mrBuD;wifh&Du 'Dtdrfudk rD;IdUwmvJvdkY? 'Dawmh vlawGu
ajymMurSmaygh ... q&mrBuD;u olYwynfhudkvdkuf&Smwm rawGUwmeJYrD;IdUwmvdkY ... tJh'Dawmh vlawGu taotcsm
xyfar;MurSmyJ ... b,fhES,f q&mrBuD;wifh&D&JUwynfhru 'DvdktdrfrsdK; bmjzpfvdkY vm&wmvJ vdkY... uJ... tJ'D
wpfcGef;omar;vdkuf&if oGm;NyD... [efqef;*dkPf;&JU *kPfodumawmh olrsm;wHawG;cGufxJ yufvufarsmawmhrSmyJ...
uJ... 'grS cifAsm;u r,Hkao;bl;qdk&ifawmh usKyfodum txdcdkufcHNyD; trSef twdkif; ajymjyvdkufr,f...
xifaygqdkwJhusKyfu b,folYudkrS aMumufwmr[kwfbl;As... 'gudk cifAsm;wdkY vnf;todyJ? at; ...
usKyfaMumufwm cifAsm;&JU wynfhrwpfa,mufyJ&Sdw,f... olYudkawmh usKyf rsufESmcsif;rqdik f&Jbl; ...
olYudkawGU&if usKyf ta0;BuD;uxGufajy;&wmyJ... uJ... 'Dawmh usKyfu olYudk bmawG vkyf&J&awmhrSvJ ..}}
wifh&D\pdwfxJwGif tvGefyif tBuHtdkufaeawmhonf/ &Dvif tdrfxJodkY 0ifoGm;aMumif; rdrd\
wynfhru owif;ay;onf/ xdkowif;ay;aomwynfhryif xifayg\vufcsufjzifh 'Pf&mtenf;i,f &cJhonf/
odkYaomf ,ck xifaygajymaeonfh tajctaet& rdrdtaejzifh rnfodkYrnfyHk vkyfudkif&rnfudk rawG;wwfatmif
jzpfaeawmh\/
xdkpOf ...
rsufESmcsif;qdkif tdrfacgifrdk;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf\ toHu us,favmifpGm xGufay:vmonf/
]]xifayg ... igh&JUwynfhudk rif;u bmaMumifh owfvdkuf&wmvJ ..}}
csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;\ toHomwnf;/
]]aMomf ... csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD; udk,fwdkif <uvmwmudk;? [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... csHK;qef;jrdKUrSm
'Dtdrf&SdaewmMumNyD? 'Davmuf emrnfBuD;rSef;rodbl; ... tckqdk&if csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;awmif vmw,fqdk awmh
tawmfudkemrnfBuD;vdkYomjzpf&r,f... cifAsm;&JUwynfhvm;bmvm;awmhrodbl; ... olY"m;odkif;uawmh
csif;csef*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;yJ ... tJ'Dvludkawmh usKyf owfypfvdkufw,f ..}}
&Dcsef;u ...
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Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf "m;csufdkufcwfoHrsm;udk em;axmif&if; pdwfwGif;rSusdwf
csD;usL;rd\/
]]tif; ... xifaygqdkwJhaumif&JU"m;odkif;u wu,fhudkrqdk;ygvm; ... olu csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfudk awmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
159
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf ]bef;} ceJjrnfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&NyD;aemuf "m;oHrsm; rMum;&awmhay/ &DvifrSmrl

az;az;\vufudkqkyfudkif&if; xdwfvefYvSojzifh wpfudk,fvHk; acR;jyefaeawmh\/
xdktcsdefyif tdrfESifh tawmfvSrf;vSrf;ae&mrS xifayg\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef; ... tcef;usOf;awmh ... usKyfwdkYupm;&wm tm;r&bl;Asm ... ajruGufvyfudk oGm;MupdkY
... us,fus,fjyefYjyefYeJY tm;&yg;& upm;Muwmaygh... cifAsm;Edkif&ifawmh 'Drdef;racsmav; av;a,mufudk
cifAsm;udk ay;vdkufr,f ... cifAsm;IH;&ifawmh usKyfypnf;ayghAsm ..}}
xifayg\avoHrSm &Dcsef;onf ,ckuJhodkY olESifh vma&muf,SOfNydKifwdkufcdkufjcif;rSm rdef;rysuf uav;rsm;udk
vk,ufvdk vma&mufwdkufcdkufonfhoabmrsdK; jzpfaeonf/ xifaygrSm e*dkuwnf;u emrnfysuf&SdaeoljzpfNyD;
odkif;avmu
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t&ufaomufjcif;?
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aom
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awmh\/ xdkpOf vQKdusufzkef;\toHonf qdwfNidrfrIudkjzdKcGJNyD; kwfw&ufxGufay:vm\/
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&Dvifonf rl;arhvJusrwwf jzpfae&mrS pdwfxJ ...
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a,mufsm;wpfa,mufeJY twlwl&Sdaewmudk olwdkYawGUoGm;Muawmhr,f... tudkBuD;vifh[lcsKH;u 'Pf&m&xm;wJh
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[k awG;rdvdkufonfESifh &Dvifonf kwfw&ufyif ol\i,fxdyfudk vuf0g;apmif;jzifh kdufcsum aoyGJ0if&ef
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______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
160
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0gqef;*dkPf;
az;az;onf i,fG,foljzpfaomfvnf; tvGefvsifjrefvSpGm &Dvif\vufudk zrf;qJGvdkufEkdif\/
]]rr ... rvkyfeJYav ... uRefrwkdY twif;xdk;azmufxGufajy;&if vGwfygw,f ... 'Davmuf pdk;&drfraeprf;ygeJY
... }}
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]]za,mif;wkdifrD;xGef;vdkuf ... }}
az;az;u .... ]]bmvkyfrvdkYvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]igajymovdkvkyf ... }}
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]]'DapmifBuD;udk ighudk,fay:NcHKvdkuf ... }}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
161
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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csif;csef*dkPf;\
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]]vifh ... vifh[lcsHK; ...}}
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vkdufvH&SmazGay;ae\/ tdrf&Sif\ {nfh0wfausyGefrIudk jyojcif;yifjzpfawmhonf/ tcg tdrfBuD;\ tjyif
bufwGif rkaumif;zkef;ESifh vifrdefusufwdkYESpfOD;om usef&pfcJhawmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;onf w[m;[m; &,fvkduf&if; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
166
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;uvlacsmyJ ... rif;taeeJY ighudk bdk;bdk;vdkYrac:eJYawmh [kwfvm; ... ig rif;udk oabmus oGm;NyD?
ighwynfhtjzpf vufcHvdkufr,f ... ighwynfhwpfa,muftjzpf aevdkufawmh}}
vifrdefusufonf cg;ukef;BuD; rkaumif;zkef;udk txifBuD;oGm;rdonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
&Dcsef;vdkvlrsdK;uawmifrS tavQmhay;qufqHcJhonfudk olYudk,fawGYrsufjrifyif r[kwfygvm;/
odkYaomf ...
rdrdtzdkY awG;p&mrsm;&Sdaeonf/ tdrfBuD;em;odkYa&mufp &Dcsef;ESifhawGYpOfurl rdrdtm; &Dcsef;\vuf odkY
&uf&ufpufpuf 0uGuftyfcJhonf/ aemufydkif; r*FvmtmrcHXme acgif;aqmifBuD;\om;rSef; odoGm; ojzifh ...
csufcsif;yif 0ifu,fjyefonf/ tb,faMumifhenf;/ bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk vdkcsifyJ 0ifu,fonf vm;rqkdEdkif/
csufcsif;vufiif; tajymif;tvJjrefvSaom &ifESD;cifrifrIudk vifrdefusuf rsm;pGmoHo,&Sd\/
rkaumif;zkef;onf vifrdefusuf awGa0aeonfudk awGY&aomtcg u&m;a&vTGwf wwGwfww
G fajym awmh\/
]]igh&Jhodkif;ynmpGrf; b,favmuf&Sdw,fqdkwm rif;odNyD;om;yJ ... 'DaeYtxd ighqDrSm wynfhqdkvdkY
wpfa,mufrSr&Sdao;bl; ... &Sif;&Sif;ajym&&if rif;&Jhowdukd igoabmusvdkY wynfhtjzpfvufcHrSmyg ...
awmfHkwefHk owd&SdwJhvlqdk b,fwynfhtjzpf vufcHrvJ... a0;ao;w,f/ rif;omighqDrSm wynfhcHvkduf ...
igwwforQ odkif;ynmtm;vHk; rif;udk tdwfoGefzmarSmufoifay;r,f ... ighodkif;ynmawGudkomwwf&if
csif;csef*dkPf;om;awGudkawmifrajymeJY ... olwdkY&Jh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;qdkwJh &Dcsef;vdkaumifrsdK;udkawmif rif;aMumuf
p&mrvdkawmhbl; ... uJ... wynfhtjzpfvufcHygvdkY awmif;yefwJhtaeeJY rif; ighudk OD;rcsao;bl;vm; ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf olYrdbudk u,fwifcsifpdwf jyif;xefaeojzifh pdwfxJwGif ...
]]tazeJY taru vlqdk;awGvufxJrSmqdkawmh igu olwdkYudku,fxkwfzdkYu q&mwpfa,mufawmh
&SdaerSjzpfr,f... 'Dcg;ukef;BuD;&Jhynmurqdk;vSbl; ... olYudk q&mwifNyD; tazeJYtarudk u,fwifrSyJ ... }}
[k awG;vdkurf d\/
odkYESifholonf 'l;axmufNyD;OD;cs&ef pdwful;vdkufonf/ xdktcsdefwGif rkaumif;zkef;onf vifrdefusuf u
olYxHwGif wynfhrcHcsifrnfudk tvGefpdk;&drfpdwfay:ae\/ xdkYaMumifh vifrdefusufycHk;udk tay:rS twif;zdNyD;
'l;axmufapvdkufonf/ NyD;aemuf OD;acgif;udk atmufodkYzdvkdufNyD; ...
]]rif; ighudk OD;rcsao;bl;vm; ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf tpyxr 'l;axmuf OD;cs&ef pdwful;NyD;jzpf\/ odkYaomf ,ckuJhodkY twif;
tusyfvkyfvdkufaomtcg rme&Sdaomolrsm;wGif &Sdwwfonfh pdwfobm0twdkif; rkaumif;zkef;tm; &GH&Sm
rkef;wD;oGm;awmh\/ OD;csuefawmh q&mwif&ef qHk;jzwfcsufudkvnf; vHk;0 y,fzsufvdkufawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh
ol\OD;acgif;udk atmufokdY rTwfawmhbJ awmifhcHxm;vdkufawmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;u a'goxGufvmojzifh ...
]]rif;u bmawmifhcHaewmvJ ... ighudk OD;rcsao;bl;vm; ... }}
ajymajymqdkqkdESifh ol\tm;udk ydkrdkxkwfum vifrdefusuf\ OD;acgif;udk ydk zdESdyfvdkuf\/ vifrdefusufonf
rme&SdNyD; tvGefacgif;rmaom vli,fwpfa,mufjzpf&m odkY twif;tusyfvkyfav rkaumif;zkef;tm;
ydkqefYusifav jzpfawmh\/ vHk;0tavQmhray;awmhacs/ xkdYjyif atmf[pf ajymvdkufao; onf/
]]cifAsm;u usKyfrdbawGudk u,fxkwfay;r,fvdkY uwday; ... 'gqdk&if usKyfu cifAsm;udk q&m wifr,f ...
tck vdk tcsdefrsdK;rSmawmh q&mrwifEdkifao;bl; ... }}
rkaumif;zkef;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
167
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]bm ... q&mrwifEdkifbl; [kwfvm;? MunhfMuao;wmayghuGm ... q&m wifEdkifr,f? rwifEdkifbl; qdkwm
...}}
olonf ajym&if; ol\tm;udk xyfxkwfum OD;acgif;udk zdvdkufjyefonf/ vifrdefusufu
ol\cg;udkqefY rwfwwfx&ef BudK;pm;onf/ odkYaomf OD;acgif;udk t&rf;zdxm;ojzifh ol\BudK;pm;csuf
vHk;0ratmifjrifay/ vifrdefusufonf ol\vufESpfzufudk ajrBuD;ay:axmuf OD;acgif;udk awmifhcHxm;
vdkuf\/
rkaumif;zkef;onf ol\tm;udk tjrifhqHk;xkwf zdcsawmh\/ vifrdefusuf\ Zufdk;rsm;onf usdK;usrwwf
wzspfzspf jrnfvmawmh\/ MumvQif Zufdk;usdK;oGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
rkaumif;zkef;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...
]]b,fhES,fv.J .. OD;rcsao;bl;vm;? ig aemufxyfwpfcsufyJ tm;xkwfvdkuf&if rif;&JhZufdk; usdK;oGm;
vdrfhr,f ... aumifav; rdkufraeeJY ... vdrmprf; ... ighudk OD;csvdkuf ... }}
xdkpOf vifrdefusufonf olYaemufausmrS aEG;ceJjzpfoGm;NyD; tm;vdIif;wpfck cEmudk,fxo
J kdY jzwf
oef;0ifa&mufvmonfudk cHpm;vdkuf&\/ xdk w'*FtwGif;rSmyif olYacgif;udk zdxm;aomtm;rSm kwfw&uf
avsmhenf;oGm;aMumif; odvdkuf&onf/ olonf vufESpfzufudk tm;pdkufaxmufuefvdkufaomtcg csufcsif;yif
rwfwwf&yfvdkufEdkifawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f suftzdkY tvGefw&mtHhMooGm;apHkrQru rkaumif;zkef;onfvnf; tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefY
oGm;awmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;taejzifh aumif;pGmod&dv
S kdufonf/ apmapmwkef;u vifrdefusuf\cEmudk,fxJrS xGuf
ay:vmaom twGif;tm;vdIif;onf 0gqef;*dkPf;\ a&vdIif;twGi;f tm;odkif;jzpf\/
kwfw&uf tidkufrdoGm;ojzifh vifrdefusuf\OD;acgif;udk zdxm;aomvufudk vTwfay;vdkufrdonf/
vifrdefusuf xHrS&SdaomtwGif;tm;onf olYtm; a&vdIif;ozG,f tqufrjywf dkufcwfaeao;onfudk
cHpm;od&Sdvdkufrdonf/
rkaumif;zkef;onf a'goxGufvmojzifh vifrdefusuf\ycHk;udk twGif;tm;xkwf kwfw&uf zdcs
vdkufjyefonf/ xdktcgrkaumif;zkef;\twGif;tm;onf a&vdIif;twGif;tm;ESifhwkdufcdkufrdoGm;NyD; rkaumif;zkef;
\vufwpfzuf xHkusOfoGm;awmhonf/ ydk tcH&qdk;onfrSm &if0wGif qpfceJ emusifoGm;cJh&jcif;yif
jzpfawmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;onf aemufbufodkY ajcESpfvSrf;rQ uref;uwef; qkwfvdkuf&awmh\/ NyD;rS w[m;[m;
&,fvdkufNyD;
]]&ufykcRef ... cifAsm;u b,fhES,f opfyifatmufrSm ykef;ae&wmvJ... usKyfqDvmr,fqdk&ifvnf; ajymifyJ
vma&mayghAsm ... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg vifrdefusuf\aemufausm&Sd opfyif\aemufuG,frS &,foHwpfoH xGufay:vmNyD; vlwpf a,muf
xGufvmawmhonf/ ol\vufwGif ,yfawmifwpfacsmif;udkudkifum jznf;nif;pGm ,yfcwfae\/ olu ...
]]rkaumif;zkef; ... cifAsm;udkrawGY&wm tawmfMumNyDyJ... cifAsm;&Jh tusifhuawmh b,fawmhrS
ajymif;r,frxifb;l ? t&iftwdkif;ygyJvm; ... }}
[k ajymawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
168
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rkaumif;zkef;taejzifh twGif;tm;odki;f ynmaMumifh &ufykcRef[k cefYrSef;ajymvdkufjcif;omjzpf\/ wyftyf

aocsmod ajymvdkufjcif;r[kwfay/ opfyifaemufrSxGufvmolrSm tu,fyif &ufykcRefjzpfaeonfudk awGYvdkuf&
aomtcg kwfw&uf xdwfvefYoGm;awmhonf/
ydkqdk;onfhtcsufrSm vli,fuav;wpfa,muftm; rdrduJhodkY odkif;orm;t&ifhtrmBuD; wpfa,mufu twif;
t"r tEdkifusifhaeonfudk awGYjrifoGm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ tvGefyif tae&txkdif& cufaeawmh\/ odkYaomf
vlqdk;vl,kwfrmwdkY t&Sufw&m;ESifh taMumufw&m;jzpfaom [D&dMowyw&m;wkdY vHk;0r&Sdjcif;aMumifh csufcsif;
yif w[D;[D;&,farmNyD; ajymcsif&majymaeawmhonf/
]]&ufykcRef ... cifAsm;u toufBuD;av EkysdKavyguvm;? usKyfawmif cifAsm;qDrSm wynfhcHcsifae NyD?
cifAsm;qDrSm ]kyfysdKudk,fEk} aq;aumif;0g;aumif;wpfvufvufawmh &SdaeNyDeJYwlw,f ... }}
&ufykcRefuvnf; wpfcsufrQ &,fvdkufNyD; ...
]]tif; ... cifAsm;uvnf; toufBuD;av tajymiftjyufawG ajymavygyJvm; ... }}
rkaumif;zkef;u aemufokdYckefqkwfoGm;ojzifh vifrdefusuf oufomoGm;onf/ olYudk u,fwifvkduf oltm;
aemufokdYvn
S fh tuJcwfvdkufrdonf/
xkdolonf toufig;q,fcefY&Sdonfhwkdif rsufESmrSm vGefpGmcefYnm; wifhw,fvSayonf/ toufESifh pmvQif
rsm;pGmEkysdKonf[v
k nf; qkdEkdif\/ kyf&nfudk jrifvdkufonfESifh vifrdefusuf\ pdwfwGif; dkaoav;pm;
pdwfrsm; ay:vmcJhawmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]'Dq&mBuD;[m odkif;avmurSm tifrwefemrnfBuD;wJh 0gqef;*dkPf;&JY *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRef tppfyJvm; ...
Oy"dkyfuawmh wu,fcefYnm;wmyJ ... jzpfEkdifzdkYvnf;rsm;ygw,f ... olYudkMunhfvdkuf&if toufav;q,f
avmufyJ &Sdw,fvdkYxif&w,f ... }}
[k awG;aerdonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf olYrdcif i,fpOfuajymcJhonfhpum;rsm;udk owd&vdkufrdonf/ twGif;tm; odkif;ynm
tvGefawmfolonf ol\kyf&nfudk tNrJwrf;EkysdKatmif xdef;odrf;xm;Edkifonf[k ajymcJhayonf/ rdrd\ rdcifBuD;
pum;om rSefuefcJhvQif q&mBuD;&ufykcRefonf twGif;tm;odkif;ynm tvGefxufjrufayvdrfhrnf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap q&mBuD;\ cefYnm;aomkyf&nfESifh wnfNidrfaom trlt&mrsm;u rkaumif;zkef;
olYudk,fol udk,f&nfaoG;ajymonfph um;rsm;xuf vifrdefusuf\ pdwfESvHk;udk odrf;usHK;qJGiifoGm;aponf
uawmh trSefyifjzpfawmhonf/
tjyKtrlrsm;onf ... pum;vHk;axmifaomif;xuf us,favmifonf[laom pum;yHkyif &Sdonfr[kwf
ygavm/
&ufykcRefu NyHK; ajymvdkufonf/
]]rkaumif;zkef; ... 'Doli,fav;[m rdbaus;Zl;udk odyfodwwfwJh oli,fav;yg ... owdvnf;
wu,f&Sdw,f? wu,fxl;cRefwJh odkif;orm;wpfa,mufjzpfEkdifwJh t&nftcsif;tjynfht0&SdwJh oli,fqdkawmh
cifAsm;taeeJY olYudk wynfhjzpfapcsifrSmyJ... 'Doli,fav;[m tckqdk&if 'kuokuawG trsm;BuD;a&mufaecJh &NyD...
tJ'g usKyforD;udk ulnDay;cJhrdwJhtwGufaMumifhygyJ? 'gaMumifh olY&JU'kuudk vufydkufMunfhaevdkYjzifh usKyf[m
b,fvdkrS vlBuD;vlaumif;wpfa,muf tac:cHEdkifrSmr[kwfygbl; ... aemufqHk; usKyfajymcsifwmu usKyfrsufESm
udkaxmufyg ... olYudk tEkdifrusifhygeJYvdkY awmif;yefcsifwmygyJ ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
169
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rkaumif;zkef; odvkdufNyD/ &ufykcRefvdkvlrsdK;0ifvmvQif rdrd\tBuHtpnf rnfodkYrQ atmifjrifawmh

rnfr[kwfonfudk aumif;pGmodvdkufonf/
xdkYaMumifh ...
]]aumif;ygNyDav ... apmapmuawmh usKyfpdwfxJrSm olYudk usKyfwynfhtjzpf vufcHcsifpdwu
f av;
enf;enf;&SdaevdkYyg/ tckawmh vufcHcsifpdwfr&Sdawmhygbl; ... usKyf oGm;r,f? tif; usKyfrxifcJhrdbl; ...
0gqef;*dkPf;u 'DavmufemrnfBuD;aeawmh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;udk 'Davmufrufarmvdrfhr,fvdkY rxifcJh rdbl;
... }}
rkaumif;zkefonf ajym&if; aemufodkYckefqkwfvdkufawmh\/ &ufykcRefonf a&SUokdYajcwpfvSrf;wuf vdkufNyD;
...
]]rkaumif;zkef; ... cifAsm; usKyfudk bmpum;ajymvdkufovJ? jyefajymprf;ygOD; ... }}
[k cufxefpGm ar;vdkufonf/
&ufykcRef\rsufESmwGif vdarmfa&mifuJhoYt
dk a&mifrsm; ,Suforf;vmawmhonf/ odkYaomf ... csufcsif; yif
aysmufoGm;NyD; e*dktwdkif; tjzLa&mifjyefjzpfoGm;awmh\/ rkaumif;zkef;onf &ufykcRef\rsufESm vdarmfa&mif
orf;oGm;onfukd awGYvdkuf&aomtcg aMumufvefYoGm;awmhonf/
]]'g ... 'g ... 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;yJ ... 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;u 'Dhjyif*dkPf;awG tm;vHk;xuf
ydkaumif;w,fvdkY ajymoHMum;xm;w,f? ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm &meJYcsDMumcJhwJhumvtwGi;f rSm 'Drdk;BudK;twGi;f tm;odkif;
udk atmifatmifjrifjrif usifhEdkifcJhwJhvl r&Sdzl;bl; ... tckqdk&if &ufykcRefu usifhvdkY atmifjrifoGm;NyDdudk; ... }}
rkaumif;zkef;onf w[D;[D; w[m;[m; &,fvdkufonf/ ol\pum;udk ayghysufoGm;atmif wrif
&,fvdkufjcif;omjzpf\/
olu ...
]]bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;qkdwm usKyfvnf; rodygbl;Asm... 'gayr,fh csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef;u tao
tvJvdkcsifaewmudkawGY&vdkY ajymMunfhwmyg ... pdwfr&SdygeJY ... }}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh vSnfhxGufoGm;awmh\/ &ufykcRefonf rkaumif;zkef;\ ausmjyifBuD;udkMunfhvdkuf &if;
oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsuf csrdawmh\/
olu ...
]]tif; ... 'Dvl&Jh odkif;ynmuawmh awmfawmfuav; xufjrufygw,f ... 'gayr,fh tusifhpm&dw
ysufjym;aewJhvlqdkawmh olYodkif;ynmawG[m ESajrmp&maumif;aew,f}}
______
pmpOf (2) NyD;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
170
pmpOf (3)
pmpOf(3)
rmwdum
tceff;(14)
tcef;(15)
tcef;(16)
tcef;(17)
tcef;(18)
tcef;(19)
tcef;(20)
tcef;(21)
0gqef;*dkPf;rStquf
tMuifemarwmw&m;
[moyHkjyif
r[mrdwftzGJUcsKyf\tvH
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;
usLyifckwfusLikwfrusef
EIwfydwfjcif;
*lydwfjypf'Pf wpfESpfcH
arwmavajy
thunderhawk
thunderhawk & htetkgkin
thanderhawk & htetkgkin
htetkgkin
thanderhawk & htetkgkin
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
yannaning & htetkgkin
htetkgkin
scanned by NEO@mmcp
yxrtqifh wnf;jzwfol
'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol
tacsmowf wnf;jzwfol
hotrod
HarryLwin
sideeffect
173
176
189
194
204
215
231
244
254
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf . . . .
vifrdeu
f sufonf &ufykcRefa&SYodkY ayghyg;pGm a&muf&Sdvmum 'l;axmufjyD; OD;cstdktaoay;awmh\/
EIwfrSvnf; . . . .
]]q&mBuD; . . . uRefawmfudk wynfhwpfa,muftjzpf vufcHygvdkY awmif;yefygw,f . . . q&majymwJh
pum;udkvnf; ajr0,frus em;axmifygr,fvdkYvnf; uwday;ygw,f . . . }}
[k dkaoav;pm;pGm ajymvdkufawmh\
&ufykcRefu NyHK; ...
]]jzpfyghrvm;uG ... igu rif;udk wynfhtjzpf vufcHvdkuf&if [dkcg;ukef;BuD;u olYwynfhudk bmjzpfvdkY
vk,l&ovJvdkY tjypfwifaeygOD;r,f ... }} [k ajymonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu OD;csvsufrSyif ajymaeonf/
]]uRefawmfu q&mBuD;udk jrifjrifjcif; dkaoav;pm;pdwf ay:cJhygw,f ... wynfhjzpfcsif;jzpf&if wjcm;vl&JY
wynfhjzpf&wmxuf q&mBuD;&JYwynfh jzpfcsifygw,f ... 'gaMumifhrdkY uRefawmfhudk wynfhtjzpf owfrSwfyg ... }}
&ufykcRefu NyHK;ar;vdkuf\/
]]aumif;jyDav ... igu rif;udk wynfhtjzpf vufcHzdkY rcufygbl; ... 'gayr,fh rif;&JYrdbawGu oabmwl
Edkifyghrvm; ... }}
]][m ... 'DtwGufawmh rylygeJYq&mBuD; ... q&mBuD;u uRefawmfhudk ... wynfhtjzpf vufcHvkdufw,f
qdkwmudkom uRefawmfhrdbawGod&if odyf0rf;omBurSmyg ... }}
]]at; ... at; ... 'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; rif;udk ighwynfhwpfa,muftjzpf vufcHvdkufygjyD ... uJ ... rif;vnf;
rwfwwf&yfygawmh ... }}
&ufykcRefonf vifrdefusuftm; ajymjyD;onfESifh ol\aemufbufodkY vSnfhajymvdkufawmhonf/
]]tm;vHk;xGufvmMuawmh ... }}
xdktcg axmifhtoD;oD; tumtuG,ftoD;oD;rS vlwpfpk tvQdKvQdKxGufvmMuawmh\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;
wynfhrsm;yif jzpfBuawmhonf/
avmifwufu 0rf;omtm;&aom avoHjzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
173
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&m ... tckvdk wynfhaumif;wpfa,muf vufcHvdkufwmudk *kPfjyKygw,f ... }} [k ajymvdkufonf/

&ufykcRefonf NyHK; vifrdefusuftm; ajymjyvdkufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... tcka&mufvmwJh rif;&JY tpfudkBuD;awGudk vufzuf&nfqdkifrSm awGYzl;cJhjyD;jyD r[kwfvm; ...
uJygav xyfjyD; rdwfqufay;wmu rif;eJY ydk&if;ESD;ygw,f ... }}
&ufykcRefonf wynfhjzpfol vifrdefusuftm; wynfha[mif;jzpfolrsm;ESifh rdwfqufay;aeawmh\/ wynfh
eHygwfESpfonf avmifwuf? wynfheHygwfoHk;onf vefzm;? wynfheHygwfav;onf pD;usdKuf? wynfheHygwfig;
onf aumif;uef;? wynfheHygwfajcmufonf vkdk? wynfheHygwfckESpfonf axmifuGif;ESifh wynfheHygwf&Spfonf
&if;ayjzpfaMumif; vifrdefusuftm; ajymjyjyD; cifrif&if;ESD;aponf/ xdkpOf ...
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]]taz ... uRefru olY&JYtpfrvm; ... nDrvm; ... }}
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tvSydkif&Sifuav; jzpfaeonf/
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nDrav;u ....
]][ifhtif; ... [ifhtif; ... r&bl; ... r&bl; ... 'DaeYupjyD; orD; tpfrae&muae aeawmhr,f ...
vifrdefusufvnf; uRefrudk tpfrvdkYyJac:&r,f ... aemufydkif; tazhwynfhawG b,favmufyJ vufcH vufcH
olwdkYu orD;udk tpfrvdkYyJ ac:&awmhr,f ... }}
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[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
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xdktcg tm;vHk;u w[m;[m; &,fvdkufrdMuawmhonf/
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wpfcsuf xyftdkufcHvku
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
174
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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onf/
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yif olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;\ twGif;rS vSrf;ajymoHudk Mum;vdkufBu&awmhonf/
]]q&m ... tpfuBdk uD; 'DrSmr&Sdawmhbl; ... }}
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]]avmifwuf ... rif; vdkufoGm;Munfhprf; ... }}
avmifwufu acgif;ndwf jywif;aygufem;odkY ckefxGufoGm;awmhonf/ vdefvdefu ...
]]azaz ... orD;vnf; vdkufoGm;Munfhr,faemf ... }}
&ufykcRefonf orD;jzpfol\vufudk vSrf;qGJvdkufjyD; ...
]]orD; ... 'Dvdkae&mrsdK;udk rdaumif;zcif om;orD;awG r0if&bl; ... }} [k ajymvdkufonf/
vdefvdefonf idkrJhrJhrsufESmuav;jzifh ..
]]taz ... tpfudkBuD; 'Pf&mawG b,favmuf&xm;jyDqdkwm tazvnf;odom;eJY ... }}
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vdrf;ay;xm;jyD;jyD ... vifh[lcsHK; b,fvkdrS raoEdkifawmhbl; ... }}
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&ufykcRefonf EIwfcrf;udk vufdSK;jzifh uefYvefYjzwfjy\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
175
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tMuifemarwmw&m;
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vifh[lcsHK;onf tvGefowd&Sdoljzpf\/ wavmuvHk;ESifh ,SOfvQifvnf; aMumufGHUtHI;ay;rnfholr[kwf/
odkYaomf olYwGif cRif;csufwpfckawmh&Sdonf/ wavmuvHk; rnfolYudkrQ raMumufaomfvnf; olYq&m wpfa,muf
udkawmh taotvJaMumufonf/ ,ck rD;cdk;<uufavQmuf aoG;tvdrf;vdrf;jzifh jzpfyGm;cJh&aom jyemBuD;onf
rdrdaMumifhyif r[kwfygvm;/ q&mu olYtm;awGYoGm;cJhvQif rnfrQ'Pfay;rnfudk rodEdkif/ xdkYaMumifh q&m
vmonfudk Mum;odvdkuf&aomtcg ol\&if0rS emusifaom'Pf&mukdyif *krpdkufEdkifawmhbJ uref;uwef;
xajy;&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/
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vifh[lcsHK;onf 'Pf&mrsm; jyif;xefpGm&&Sdxm;ojzifh kwfw&uf xajy;&efrjzpfojzifh toHudkom em;pGifhae
&avonf/ xdkYaemuf olYtm; atmf[pf&SmaeMuaomolrsm; cyfa0;a0;odkY a&mufoGm;avmufrS olonf 'Pf&mrS
emusifrIudk BudwfrSdwfcH&if; ykef;atmif;a&Smifae&eftwGuf ajcudk wpfvSrf;csif; vSrf;vdkufonf/
xdktcdkuf vifh[lcsHK;onf rcHr&yfEdkifatmifemvmojzifh ypfvJrvdk jzpfoGm;aomtcg az;az;ESifh &DvifwdkYu
uref;uwef; ab;rS0ifxdef;vdkufMu&\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf tHudkwif;wif;usdwf pBuqHk;onftxd avQmufvmonf/ xdkYaemuf nmbuf&Sd tcef;xJ
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f nf/ NyD;aemuf az;az;tm; ...
]]wHcg; ydwfvdkufawmh ... }}
[k vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/
az;az;ESifh &DvifwdkYonf wHcg;ydwfNyD;onfESifh tcef;wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufawmh\/ wHcg;ydwfNyD;onfESifh
pdwfwif; vrf;avQmufvmaom vifh[lcsHK;onf vHk;0r[efEdkifawmhbJ ckwifay:odkY vSJcsvdkufrdawmhonf/
oHk;a,mufom; wpfOD;udkwpfOD; pum;rajymrdBuawmhay/
twefMumaomtcg cyfvSrf;vSrf;ae&mrS &ufykcRef\toHudk Mum;vdkufBu&onf/ &ufykcRefu ...
]]'DbufrSm r&Sdbl;a[h ..[dkbufudkoGm;MupdkY ... }}
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176
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefwdkY xGufoGm;NyD; watmifhMumaomtcg ajcoHwpfcu

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]]vkdkyg ... tpfudkBuD;udk vdkuf&Smaewm ... }}
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vifh[lcsHK;udk jyefvm&Smjcif; jzpf[efwlonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]vkdk[m ighukd wu,fcspfwmygvm; ... }}
[k awG;vdkurf donf/
xdkYaMumifh csufcsif;yif jyefxl;vdkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/ odkYaomf &Dvif\wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwkef,if,if
jzpfaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg pdwfwpfrsdK; ajymif;oGm;jyefawmh\/
]]ig xl;vdkufvdkY rjzpfao;bl; ... xl;vdkuf&if 'DFr,foDv&Sifav;&JYodum usaeOD;r,f ... }}
odkYESifh vHk;0jyefrxl;awmhbJ Nidrfoufaevdkufawmhonf/ vkkd\ ]tpfudkBuD;b,frSmvJ ... tpfudkBuD;
b,frSmvJ} [k cyftkyftkyfar;aeaom toHonf wjznf;jznf;a0;uGmawmhum aemufqHk; vHk;0aysmufuG,f
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vifh[lcsHK;u
]]igu b,fhES,fao&rSmvJ ... igaooGm;&if igu [efqef;*dP
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]]bmjzpfvdkY ... }}
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... tck igh&JY'Pf&mawGudk 'Daq;eJY vdrf;xm;vsufeJY igaooGm;&if 'Dr,foDv&Sifav;udk odumcsovdk jzpfoGm;rSm
aygh ... }}
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pum;rsm; ajymaeao;onfudk awGY&Sd&aomtcg rsm;pGmpdwfoufom&m&oGm;onf/ olru ...
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK; ... tpfudkBuD;rSm 'Pf&mawG 'Davmuf&cJh&wm uRefrtwGufaMumifhyg ... 'Dawmh
uRefrtaeeJY tpfudkBuD;twGuf twwfEdkifqHk; ukoay;&rSmyJ ... tpfudkBuD;taeeJY q,fhESpfem&Davmuf NidrfNidrf
uav; tem;,lvdkufyg ... 'gqdk&if 'D'Pf&mawGudk vHk;0pdk;&drfp&m &SdawmhrSm r[kwfygbl;? pdwfat;oGm;&ygNyD
... }}
az;az;u kwfw&uf ajymvdkufonf/
]]rr&Dvif ... 'DrSmaecJhOD;aemf ... vlqdk;awGvmrSmudkvnf; owdxm;OD; ... bdk;bdk;u uRefrudk apmifhae
avmufNyD? uRefr oGm;&awmhr,f ... }}
&Dvifu ...
]][ifhtif; ... [ifhtif; ... nDrav; roGm;ygeJY ... rrwpfa,mufwnf; 'DrSmaecJhvdkY b,fjzpfyghrvJ ...
roGm;ygeJYOD;aemf}}
az;az;u NyHK; ...
]]tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK; 'DrSm &SdaewmyJ ... rrwpfa,mufwnf;rS r[kwfwm .... bmaMumufp&m&SdvJ ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
177
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[kajymvdkufawmhonf/
pum;qHk;onfESifh wpfNydKifeuf az;az;onf jywif;aygufrS ckefxGufoGm;awmh\/ &Dvifonf uref;uwef;
vSrf;qGJvkdufaomfvnf; rrDvdkufawmhacs/ xdkYaMumifh olrvnf; jywif;aygufrSckefxGuf az;az;udk &SmMunfh
vdkufonf/ tjyifbufwGif az;az;\ t&dyfta,mifudkrQ rawGY&ygacs/
&Dvifonf rBuHwwfatmif jzpfoGm;ojzifh tcef;twGif;odkY vsifjrefpGm jyef0ifvdkufum ...
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK; ... az;az;awmh olYtbdk;qDqdkNyD; xGufajy;oGm;NyD ... tckr&Sdawmhbl; ... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
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xdkYaMumifh &Dvifonf wpfudk,fvHk; wqwfqwfwkefvmonftxd aMumuf&GHYvmawmhonf/ rnfonfht&mudkrQ
rpOf;pm;EkdifawmhonftxdaMumuf&GHUojzifh ckwifab;em; wkefwkef,if,ifESifhxdkifaerdawmhonf/ twefMumrS
owd0ifvmNyD; jywif;aygufudk qGJydwfvkdufawmh\/
olr\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]ig 'Dae&mu jrefjrefxGufoGm;rSjzpfr,f ... tpfudkBuD; tdyf&muEdk;vmNyD; igeJY pum;ajym&if ig b,fvdk
vkyf&yghrvJ}}
[k awG;aerdawmh\/
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]]ig 'Dvdk vufvGwfpy,f xGufoGm;vdkY b,fjzpfyghrvJ? olYrSm 'Pf&mBuD;udk 'Davmuf BuD;BuD;us,fus,f
cHpm;ae&wm? uav;wpfa,mufa,muf0ifvmNyD; olYudk owf&ifawmif olbmrS vkyfEdkifrSm r[kwfbl; ...
ightaeeJY OayumjyKNyD; b,fypfxm;vdkYjzpfyghrvJ ... }}
narSmifaomtcg ta0;rS qGJqGJiifiiftlvdkufaom acG;tloHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&onfrSty ywf0ef;usif
wpfckvHk; vHk;0wdwfqdwfNidrfouf aeawmh\/ &Dvifonf ol\xdkifcHkuav;wGif wpfcsufuav;rS rvIyf0HhbJ
ausmufkyfuav; wpfkyfuJhodkY xdkifaeawmh\/ odkYjzifh rdk;pifpifvif;cJh&awmh\/
xdktcsdefusrS &Dvif tvGefpdwfylvmonf/ olr\ tawG;xJwGif ...
]]rdk;vif;vm&if vlawG vrf;ay:rSm O'[dkavQmufBuawmhr,f ..tJ'DtcgusrS ig 'kua&muf&awmhrSm ... ig
b,fvdkvkyf&yghrvJ ... cufvdkufwmaemf ... }}
[k a&&Gwfaerdawmhonf/
&Dvifonf i,fpOfumv uav;b0uwnf;u r,foDv&SifBuD;\ xdef;odrf;uGyfuJrIatmufwGif aecJh&m
olrwGif vlrIa&;&m tawGYtBuHKqdk ESrf;wpfaph qHjcnfwpfrQifpmrQr&Sd? tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:vm
onfhtcgrsm;wGifvnf; pdwfylaewwfonfrSvGJ rnfonfhtBuHPfrQ rxkwfwwfay/
xdkpOf ajcoHrsm;udk wNzdK;NzdK; wzsyfzsyf Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ qdwfNidrfaecsdefjzpfojzifh rQxifxif
&Sm;&Sm; Mum;vdkuf&jcif;jzpfonf/
vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]rif;wdkYu taemufbufuae&Sm ... igwdkYu ta&SYbufuae&Smr,f ... wu,fvdkY vifh[lcsHK;udkawGY&if
taorowfvdkufMueJY ... t&Sifzrf;cJhMu ... 'Daumif 'Pf&mjyif;jyif;xefxef&xm;awmh rif;wdkYudk b,fvdkrS
umuG,fEdkifrSm r[kwfbl; ... 'Dawmh &J&Jom 0ifzrf;cJhMu Mum;Mu&JYvm; ... }}
&Dvifonf tpyxr xdktoHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&vQifMum;vdu
k f&jcif; i,fxdyfodkYwdkifatmif taMumuf
w&m;rsm; ysHYESHYwufukefonf/ rnfodkYrnfyHk vkyfudkif&rnfudkvnf; vHk;0rpOf;pm;Edkifatmif jzpfaerdawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
178
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf xdkvlrsm;onf ol\aus;Zl;&Sif vifh[lcsHK;udk zrf;qD;&efvmMuolrsm;jzpfaMumif; oabmayguf

em;vnfvdkufaomtcgwGifrl csufcsif;yif tawG;wpfck 0ifvmawmhonf/
]]bmyJjzpfjzpf igu tpfudkBuD;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rSmyJ ... 'DvlawGvufxJudkawmh vHk;0ta&mufrcHEdkif
bl; ... olwkYv
d ufxJa&muf&if tpfudkBuD; i&Jjynfa&mufwmeJY twlwlyJaygh ... }}
xdktawG;u olr\aMumufpdwfrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ypfvkdufonf/ olr\OD;aESmufrsm;onfvnf; csufcsif;yif
vef;qef;Munfvifvmonf/ av;wGJwHkYqdkif;aeaom olr\cEmudk,fonfvnf; zswfzswfvwfvwf Edk;Edk;Mum;
Mum; jzpfvmawmh\/ csufcsif;yif ckwifem;odkY ajy;uyfvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;\udk,fudk apmifjzifhywfvdkufonf/
tcef;rD;udk Nidrf;owfvdkufNyD;onfESifh vifh[lcsHK;\udk,fudkayGYcsDum wdwfwqdwf xGufvmcJhawmhonf/
tcef;jyifodkY a&mufonfESifh &Dvifonf ta&SUtaemufrcGJjcm;awmhbJ &efolrsm;toHESifh a0;&modkYom
ajy;awmh\/ olrrnfrQ ajy;xGufvmoenf;qdkaomf NrdKUwHcg;aygufrSxGuf NrdKUjyifodkY a&mufvmonfudkyif
owdrjyKEdkifatmif jzpfaerdawmhonf/
aemufq;Hk ...
awmtkyfwpfckxJodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD; ausmuf*lBuD;wpfcktem;odkY a&muf&Sdvmawmh\/ xdktcgusrS
&Dvifonf pdwfoufom&m &oGm;awmhonf/
olrtaejzifh t&rf;uma&m ajy;xGufvmojzifh vifh[lcsHK;\ tajctaeudkMunfhI&ef vHk;0owdr&cJhay/
xdkYaMumifh pdwaf t;oGm;csdefwGif iHkY Munfhvdkufrdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf owd&vsuf&SdaeNyD; olrudkNyHK;MunfhaeaMumif; awGYvdkuf&aomtcg &Dvifonf olr\
vufESpfzuftwGif;rS vifh[lcsHK;udk jAKef;ceJvTwfcsvdkufrdawmh\/ odkYaomf uref;uwef;yif vifh[lcsHK;\
udk,ftm; jyefayGYvdkufjyef\/ tcsdefrDoGm;ao;\/ olrjyefayGY,lvdkufonfrSm tvGefoGufvuf jrefqefoGm;ojzifh
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ajray:odkY usroGm;cJh&acs/
&Dvifonf armyef;EGrf;e,faom toHuav;jzifh ...
]]pdwfrqdk;ygeJY tpfudkBuD;&,f ... 'Pf&mawGu emoGm;ao;ovm; ... }}
[k ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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&Dvifonf apmapmu csif;csef*kP
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&G,fcsufrSm ol\aus;Zl;&Sif vifh[lcsHK; tzrf;rcH&a&;twGufjzpfonf/ ,ck vifh[lcsHK;u tem;,l&ef ajymvdkuf
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vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;ajymvdkufonf/
]]nDrav; ... rif;u ajy;zdkYyJowd&NyD; toufrSefrSefIzdkYusawmh arhaewmudk; ... 'gu odkif;orm;awG
twGuf odyf'kuay;EdkifwJhtcsufyJ ... tJ'Dtcsufudk *krpdkuf&if twGif;'Pf&m&Edkifw,f ... }}
&Dvifonf &SufaoG;wufoGm;NyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD;owday;wmudk uRefr aus;Zl;wifygw,f? uRefr&JY q&mruvnf; tNrJyJ owday;ygw,f ...
tck uRefr? uRefr ... arhoGm;vdkYyg ... }}
[k ajym&Smonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
179
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olronf acwrQ tem;,lvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;tm; ar;vdkufonf/

]]tpfudkBuD;&J'Y Pf&m b,fvdkaeao;ovJ[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]'Pf&mu remawmhygbl; ... 'gayr,fh enf;enf;awmh ,m;,HvmovdkyJ ... }}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &DvifrSm tvGef0rf;omoGm;awmhonf/ 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]]aysmufNyD ... aysmufNyD ... 'Pf&mrSm ,m;,Hvmw,fqdkwm[m aysmufuif;awmhr,fqdkwJh vuPmyJ ...
'Dhjyif'Pf&mawGudk uRefrwdkY aq;ukoay;wkef;uvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ ... tpfudkBuD;&JY 'Pf&maysmufwm[m
awmfawmfuav; jrefw,fvdkY qdk&r,f ... }}
[kajymvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK; jyefajymonf/
]]'gu bmudk jyovJqdk&if nDrav;wdkY&JY [efqef;*dkPf&JY aq;pGrf;udk jyvdkufwmyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufNyD;
]]igh'Pf&m odyfjyif;xefoGm;vdkY [dkaumifawGvmtEdkifusifh&Jwm ... EdkYrdkY&if tem;awmifuyf&Jr,fh aumifawG
r[kwfbl; ... 'Pf&mom rjyif;xef&if 'DaumifawG rSwfavmufom;avmufatmif qHk;rvdkufEdkifw,f ... }}
&Dvifu ...
]]tpfudkBuD;u apmapmu csif;csef;*dkPf;om;awG aemufxyf 0ifvmwmudk odaew,faygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;ndwfjyvdkufonf/
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vufwGif;rS vifh[cl sHK;onf olrudk rnfrQMumjrifhpGm MunfhaecJhonf rodacs/
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rodacs/ armyef;vGef;om rsufESm&Jaeonf[k xifrSwfrdonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;ajymvdkuf\/
]]nDrav; ... rif; bmrS pdwfryleJYawmh ... ig tck tm;awmfawmf&SdvmNyD ... cPavmuf xyftem;,lvdkuf&if
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vdkufOD;r,f ... }}
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]]tpfudkBuD; ... pum;odyfrajymeJYOD; ... cPavmuftdyfNyD; tem;,lvdku&f if tpfudkBuD; vlaumif;wpfa,muf
eD;eD; jyefaumif;oGm;vdrfhr,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
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q&mudk,fwdkif vmrSm r[kwfbl; ... }}
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]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'DrSmyJ cPem;vdkufOD;aemf ... tpfudkBuD;aomufzYdk uRefr a&oGm;&SmvdkufOD;r,f ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
180
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pdkufcif;awG awGYcJh&w,f ... z&JoD;pm;&if a&iwfajywmyJ ... tJh'Dz&JoD;awG oGm;cl;vdkufygvm; ... a&&Sm&wm
cufaeOD;r,f ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD; awGYcJhovm; ... 'gqdkvnf; aumif;om;yJav ... uRefr oGm;vdkufyghr,f ... }}
olronf ajymajymqdkqdkESifh olr\ tdwfuyfxJodkY vufEdIufvdkufavawmh\/ odkYaomf wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ
rEdIufrdacs/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;tm; ar;vdu
k fonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;qDrSm aiG&Sdao;ovm;[if ... }}
]]aiGu bmvkyfrvdkYvJ nDrav;&JY ... }}
]]z&JoD;0,frvdkYav ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf w[m;[m; &,farmawmh\/
]]aMomf ... cufyJcuf&csnf&JY ... b,fhES,f z&JoD;oGm;0,f&rSmvJ ... 'Dtwdkif;cl;vdkuf&if NyD;wmyJ ... teD;
tem;rSm vlrajymeJY acG;wpfaumif aMumifwjrD;awmif r&Sdbl; ... z&JoD;pdkufcif;rSm vluvnf; 'Dem;rSmaewm
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ajymaeawmh\/
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aigufief;csifpdwf aygufvmawmh\/ odkYaomf rdrdtwGuf rQ 'kucH? tepfemcH u,fwifvmonfudk
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ajymonfhtwdkif;yif jzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh olronf z&Jcif;xJodkY avQmufoGm;rdawmh\/
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]]t&Sifbk&m; ... wynfhawmfronf olwpfyg; cGifhrjyKaomypnf;udk cdk;,lvdkpdwf tvsOf;r&Sdyg ...
,cktcsdeftcgwGif 'Pf&mtemw& &vsuf a&iwfaeaomolwpfOD;\ qEudk jznfhpGrf;&eftwGuf z&JoD;udk
qGwfcl;&jcif;jzpf cGifhvTwfapcsifygonf bk&m; ... }}
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]]olrsm;u eifhtoufu,fzdkYtwGuf olYtoufudkawmif pGefYvTwfcJhw,f ... tck eifhtvSnfhusawmhrS
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vdkY eifajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm;? tckrS bmwGefYqkwfwGefYqkwf vkyfae&wmvJ ... }}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
181
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jzpfovdkaewwfoljzpfonf/ ol\pdwf"mwfonf tvGefajzmifhpif;oljzpf tao;tzGJudprsm; olrsm;tay:
tjypfr,lwwfovdk oludk,fwdkif usL;vGefvnf; tjypf&Sdonf[k cH,lwwfol r[kwfay/ xdkYaMumifh
z&JoD;wpfvHk; ,laqmifvm&onfhtwGuf &DviftzdkY rnfrQpdwfyifyef;qif;&JcHcJh&onfudk vH;k 0r&dyfrdcJhacs/
z&JoD;udkayGYydkuf jyefvmaom &Dviftm; awGYvdkuf&aomtcg 0rf;omtm;& qD;BudKajymvdkuf\/
]]ignDrav;uawmh wu,fvdrmwmyJa[h ... igvnf;a&odyfqmaeawmh z&JoD;udk awmfawmfpm;csifaewm
... }}
&DvifrSmrl vifh[lcsHK;\ csD;rGrf;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &ifckefoGm;NyD; vufxJrS z&JoD;yif vGwfusrwwf
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]]nDrav; ... b,fhES,f 'Davmuf uwkefu,ifjzpfae&wmvJ ... rif; z&JoD;cl;vmwmudk olrsm;uawGYNyD;
vdkufzrf;vdv
kY m; ... }}
[k ar;vdkufonf/
&dDvifu ..
]][ifhtif; ... b,folrS vkdufrzrf;ygbl; ... }}
olronf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh xdkifcsvdkufNyD; olr\ xdyfzsm;usdK;aeaom"m;udk aocsmpGm yGwfoyf
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cGHYay;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf wpfpdyfpm;vQif wpfcgcsD;usL;\/ csD;usL;rqHk;jzpfaeonf/
&DvifrSmvnf; vifh[lcsHK; odkY tm;yg;w& pm;aomufaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg tvGefauseyf 0rf;om
oGm;onf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf z&JoD;wpf0ufcefY ukefonftxd pm;aomufNyD;rS rdrdwpfa,mufwnf; pm;aomufaeonf
udk owd&vdkufrdojzifh ...
]]nDrav; ... rif;vnf;pm;OD;av ... rif;u ighxufawmif armao;w,f ... }}
]][ifhtif; ... tpfudkBuD;om 0atmifpm;yg ... tpfudkBuD;pm;vdkY0rS uRefr pm;yghr,f ... }}
&Dvifonf vifh[lcsHK;tm; aemufxyfz&JoD;ESpfpdwf xyfauR;NyD;rS olrpm;vkdufonf/ pm;ae&if;rS vifh[lcsHK;
tm; kwfw&uf Munfhvdkufrd&m rdrdtm; ai;armaeonfh vifh[lcsHK;tm; awGYvdkuf&ojzifh &SufaoG;zsef;oGm;NyD;
wpfbufodkY vSnfhvdkufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u kwfw&uf csD;rGrf;vdu
k fonf/
]][m ... wu,fvSyguvm; ... }}
ol\pum;oHxw
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t&SufwdkYwGif onfwpfBudrfom t&SufBuD; &Suf&jcif;aywnf;/
taMumif;rqdkufbJESifh odkY csD;rGrf;vdkufonfudkvnf; em;rvnfEkid f/ xdkYaMumifh xajy;&ef BuHvdkufrd
awmhonf/ pdwfuxajy;&ef BuHaeaomfvnf; cEmudk,fu kwfw&uf rajy;0HhbJ jzpfaejyefonf/
wpfudk,fv;Hk xlxlylyljzpfvmNyD; rsufESmrS vnfwdkifxdatmif &SufaoG;aMumifh &J&JeDvsuf &Sdaeawmh\/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;u ....
]]nDrav; ... [dkrSm Munfhvdkufprf; ... b,favmufvSovJqdkwm .... awmfMum rawGYvdkuf&bJ jzpfaeOD;r,f
... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
182
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dvifonf acgif;uav;udkapmif;iJh vifh[lcsHK;jy&modkY Munfhvdkufonf/

vifh[lcsHK;onf vufdI;Tefaeonfh taemufbuft&yf&Sd awmtkyfrsm;\aemufbuf cyfvSrf;vSrf;wGif
tvGefvSyaom a&mifpHkoufwefYBuD;wpfckudk awGY&awmhonf/ xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsHK; csD;rGrf;aeonfht&mrSm
oufwefYBuD;omjzpfaMumif; odvdkuf&awmhonf/
olrtzdkY aemufwpfBudrf xyf&Suf&jcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/ wpfBudrf &Suf&jcif;wGif pdwfysuf&jcif;u
wpf0ufrQ a&maESmyg0ifaeonf/ apmapmu &Suf&jcif;wGifrl yDwdjzpfjcif;u wpf0ufrQ yg0ifcJhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u qufajymonf/
]]nDrav; ... aoaocsmcsmem;axmifprf; ... apmapmuqdk&if igawmifrMum;rdbl; ... bmoHMum;ovJ ... }}
&Dvifu aoaocsmcsm em;pdkufaxmifvdkufaomtcg a&usoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ xdkYaMumifh
olr\EIwfrS ...
]]a&wHcGefeJYwlw,f ... }}
[k ajymvkdufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][kwfw,f ... 'D&ufawGrSm rdk;&Gmxm;awmh awmawmifawGxJrSm&SdaewJh pdrfhprf;a&wHcGefawGrSm a&odyfaygae
rSmyJ ... uJ ... tJ'Dbufudk oGm;MunfhBu&atmif ... }}
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&Dvifvnf; uref;uwef;xum vifh[lcsHK;tm; ab;rSwGJulaz;ray;&awmh\/ twefMumavQmufrdonfESifh
a&usoHudkydk yDjyifpGm Mum;vmBu&awmhonf/
aemufq;Hk awmtkyfuav;wpfckudk vGefvmaomtcg wu,fyif a&wHcGefBuD;udk awGYvkdufMu&awmh\/
jrifhrm;rwfaom ausmufawmifwpfckay:rS pD;oGefusqif;aejcif;jzpfonf/
wa0ga0g usqif;aeaom a&vHk;BuD;rsm;udkMunfh vifh[lcsHK;u 0rf;omtm;& ajymvkdufonf/
]]nDrav; ... igwdkY 0gqef;awmif&JY rif;orD;awmifrSmvnf; a&wHcGefBuD;wpfc&k Sdao;w,f ... igh*dkPf;wl
nDrav; vdefvdefeJY tJ'Da&wHcGefab;rSm tNrJvdkvdk "m;odkif;avhusifhMuwmyJ? olu uav;vdkyJ odyftNidrfaewm
r[kwfbl; ... wpfcgwpfav a&wHcGefxJckef0ifvdkufao;w,f ... wu,fhudk aysmfzdkYaumif;wJhae&m nDrav;&JY ...}}
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]]tif; ... ol a&wHcGefem;vmwmu a&wHcGefudk MunfhcsifwJhpdwfoufoufeJY vmwmr[kwfb;l ... ol
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ol ajymcsif&mudo
k m tm0Zef;&Tif&Tifjzifh qufajymaeawmh\/
]]wpfcgwpfav vdefvdefu ighudk tBuHay;ao;w,f ... a&pD;usaewJh a&wHcGefatmufrSm "m;odkif;usifh&if
aumif;r,fwJh ... a&zdtm;atmufrSm "m;odkif;usifhawmh "m;odkif;tiftm; ydkaumif;vmEdkifw,fwJh ... iguvnf;
olajymwm [kwfEdk;Edk;eJY a&wHcGefatmuf 0ifusifhwmyJ ... aemufqHk;usawmh ESpfa,mufpvHk; tat;ywfwmyJ
tzwfwifw,f ... bm"m;odkif;rS r&ygbl; ... uHaumif;vdkY rzsm;Muwm ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf twdwfudk jyefvnfjrifa,mifvm[efjzifh NyHK;&,f&if; ajymjyaeawmh\/ &Dvifu at;puf
aomavoHjzifh ar;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
183
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD;qDrSm *dkPf;wlnDrav; b,fESpfa,mufawmif&SdovJ ... }}

]]igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm rdef;uav;wynfhru ckepfa,mufawmif&Sdw,f ... vdefvdefuawmh igwdkY*dkPf;csKyf
BuD;&JY orD; ... usefwJh ajcmufa,mufuawmh q&muawmf vufcHxm;wJh wynfhnDrav;awGyJ ... }}
]]aMomf ..vdefvdefu q&mBuD;&ufykcRef&JY orD;udk; ... olu tpfudkBuD;eJY odyfcifwmaygh [kwfvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ajz;nif;pGm xdkifcsvdkufNyD; ..
]]igu rdbrJhwpfaumif<uufyJ ... ighq&mu ighudk vufrcHcJh&if ig uavuacsav;wpfa,muf jzpfoGm;rSm
trSefyJ ... ightouf q,fhwpfESpfrSm q&mu ighudkarG;pm;NyD; wynfhtjzpfvufcHvdkufw,f ... tJ'Dwkef;uqdk&if
vdefvdefu av;ESpfavmufyJ &SdvdrfhOD;r,f ... tJ'Dawmh igu tNrJwrf;vdkvdk olYudk xdef;ae&wmaygh ... olYudkcsDNyD;
opfoD;awGcl;ay;w,f ... ,kefzrf;Muw,f ... tJh'DvdkeJY igwdkYESpfa,muf BuD;vmMuwmyJ ... q&mhrSm om;r&Sdawmh
ighudk om;wpfa,mufvdkyJ oabmxm;w,f ... q&muawmfuvnf; ighqdk&if odyfcspfwmyJ ... }}
&Dvifu ..
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkudk; ... uRefrvnf; tpfudkBuD;vdkygyJ ... i,fi,fuwnf;u q&mrBuD;qDudk a&mufcJh&wm
... }}
]][kwfvm; ... rif; tJh'D*dkPf;xJ a&mufoGm;wm ESajrmp&maumif;vdkufwm ... igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;xJom
a&mufvm&if rif; odyfaysmfrSmyJ ... igwdkYtm;vHk; vloHk;q,f&Sdw,f ... tm;vHk;aysmfaysmfyg;yg; &,fvdkuf armvdkuf
eJY "m;odkif;usifhNyD;wmeJY udk,fhtazmfeJYudk,f oGm;upm;MuwmyJ ... "m;odkif;usifhNyD;vdkY upm;wmudkawmh q&meJY
q&muawmfu b,fawmhrS rwm;jrpfbl;? cGifhjyKxm;wmyJ ... rif;vnf; vdefvdefudk awGY&if oabmusrSmyg ... }}
&Dvif\pdwfxJwGif vifh[lcsHK;ajymjyonfrsm;udk tm;usrdawmhonf/ olwdkY [efqef;awmifwGif tpfudkBuD;
vifh[lcsHK;ajymonfh vGwfvyfaysmf&TifrIrsdK;udk tdyfrufawmif rufEdkifcJhonfr[kwfyg/
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vifh[lcsHK;ajymouJhodk &,f&,farmarm aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aexdkifjcif;awmh vHk;0r&SdMuay/
odkYaomf &Dvif\pdwfxJwGif ..
]]igolwdkY 0gqef;awmifudk a&mufoGm;&ifaum bmjzpfrSmvJ ... tpfudkBuD;u olYnDrav;vdefvdefeJY
wpfcsdefvHk; tazmfvkyfupm;aerSmyJ ... ighudkvnf; b,fta&;pdkuftm;rSmvJ ... igu b,fawmhrS &if;ESD;cifrifrI
r&Sdawmh [dkrSm b,fvdkaysmfEkdifawmhrSmvJ ... }} [k awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]igeJY nDrav;vdefvdef "m;odkif;wpfck avhusifhMuw,f? 'D"m;odkif;u tvGwfavhusifh&wJh "m;odkif;rsdK;
r[kwfbl; ... a&wHcGef&JU a&wdkuftm;udk,lNyD; "m;uGufawGrSefatmif usifh,lMu&wm ... nDrav; ... 'Dvdk"m;odkif;
avhusifhwm bmtusdK;aus;Zl;&SdovJ od&v
JY m; ... }}
&Dvifu acgif;cgjy&if; ...
]]rodbl; ... }} [k ajymvdkufonf/
olr\avoH aqG;ajrhjcif;jzifh uGJtufouJhodkY jzpfaeonf/ vifh[lcsHK;uawmh &Dvif\toHudk
vHk;0*krjyKrdacs/ olajymvdk&mudkom qufajymaeonf/
]]igwdkYu &efoleJY wdkufcdkufwJhtcgrSm &efolu udk,fhxuftwGif;tm;odkif; ydkBuD;rm;aer,fqdk&if igwdkY&JY
"m;udk ab;a&mufatmif cgcsEdkifw,f ... igeJY vdefvdef a&wHcGefatmufrSm usifhcJhwJhoabmu a&wHcGef&JYzdtm;udk
&efol&JY twGif;tm;vdk oabmxm;NyD; usifhMuwmyJ ... igwdkYu jyefwdkufcdkufEdkifzdkY BudK;pm;MuwmyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u rQavmuf tm;&yg;&ajymaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg &Dvifonf olr\ tpfudkBuD;\
pdwftm;wuf<urIudk rzsufqD;csifawmh/ xdYak Mumifh tvdkufoifhpum;axmufay;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
184
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD;wdkY&JY tJ'D"m;odkif;avhusifhvdkY atmifjrifoGm;NyDvm; ... }}

vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;cgjyonf/
]]b,fuvm avhusifhvdkY atmifjrifEdkifrSmvJ ... "m;odkif;wpfck wDxGifw,fqdkwm vG,fwJhudprS r[kwfwm
... awmfHkwefHkvlwpfa,mufu wDxGifEdkifwmvJ r[kwfbl;? aemufNyD; q&mu igwdkYudk oifMum;ay;xm;wJh
"m;uGufxJu tvsOf;oifhovdk xkwfoHk;MunfhwmyJ&Sdw,f ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD;&JY "m;odkif;udk b,fvdkemrnfay;xm;ao;vJ}}
]]vdefvdefuvnf; ighudk emrnfay;zdkY ajymao;w,f ... 'geJY igu ajymvdkuf&w,f ... ight&nftcsif;eJY
"m;odkif;wpfckwDxGifr,fqdk&if Mum;wJholawG &,fwmeJYyJ aoMuvdrfhr,f ... 'Dudpudk tjyifvlawGudk
vHk;0rajymeJY ... aemufNyD; bmemrnfrQ ray;&bl;vdkYyJ ajymvdkuf&w,f ... }}
&Dvifu uref;uwef; ajymvdkuo
f nf/
]]uRefr ... uRefr tjyifvlawGudk 'DudpvHk;0rajymygbl;}}
&Dvifonf olr\pum;udk acw&yfvdkufNyD;rS NyHK;&if;qufajymjyefonf/
]]'gayr,fh ... tpfudkBuD; "m;odkif;wpfck wDxGifvdkufwJhudpudk olrsm;awGu tapmBuD;uwnf;u
odaeMuygNyD ... tpfudkBuD; vQdKY0Sufxm;csifvdkYvnf; r&awmhygbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf tvGefw&m xdwfvefYoGm;awmhonf/
]][kwfvm; ... nDrav; b,fvdkvkyfodovJ ... vdefvdefu nDrav;udk ajymjyvkdufvdkYvm; ... }}
&Dvifu wcpfcpf&,fvdkufNyD;rS ..
]]tpfudkBuD;udk,fwdkifyJ xifaygudk ajymjyaewmyJav ... tpfudkBuD;ajymwmyJ r[kwfvm; ... xdkifNyD;
,ifaumifawGukd "m;eJY xdk;r,fqdkwJhodkif;udk ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf tm;&yg;& &,farmawmh\/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'Dvludk igu wrifaygufu&awG avQmufajymwmuG ... nDrav;u
rSwfxm;wmud;k ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm pum;ajymrsm;ojzifh yifyef;EGrf;e,foGm;[efwlonf/ rsm;rMumrDyif tdyfaysmfoGm;awmh\/
&Dvifurl olYab;em;wGifxdkif rSuf? jcif ,ifrsm;udk vufjzifh cg,rf;xkwfay;aeonf/
odkYjzifh wpfem&DcefYMumaomtcg &Dvifonf tawG;wpfckay:vmawmh\/ olr\tawG;rSm ...
]]awmfMum tpfudkBuD; wpfa&;Edk;vmawmhrSmyJ ... tJ'Dtcgus&if tpfudkBuD; qmvmrSm taotcsmyJ ... 'DrSm
vnf;pm;p&mr&Sdawmhbl; ... tpfudkBuD;Edk;vm&if tqifoifhpm;Edkifatmif z&JoD;wpfvHk;awmh oGm;cl; xm;vdkuf
OD;rSyJ ... }}
[lonfh tawG;yif jzpfawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh z&Jcif;odkY tjrefqHk; taomhESifawmh\/ z&Jcif;xJr z&JoD;ESpfvHk;udk tjrefcl;,lvdkufNyD;
vifh[lcsHK;tdyfae&modkY tjrefjyefvmcJhawmhonf/ olrtaejzihf odkY z&JoD;vmcl;aeonfh tcsdeftwGif;
vifh[lcsHK;tm; &efol(odkYr[kwf) om;&Jwd&pmefrsm;u wdkufcdkuf&efjyKMurnfudk tvGefyif pdk;&drfaMumifhMu
jzpfaeonf/
olr\ pdk;&drfaomursm;vnf; vifh[lcsHK;tdyfaeonfhae&modkY a&mufaomtcg at;Nidrf;oGm;awmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vifh[lcsHK;rSm rlvtdyfaysmfaeonfh ae&myif ab;roD&efrc ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf tdyfaysmf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
185
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aeaomaMumifhaywnf;/ &Dvifonf z&JoD;rsm;udk tomt,m csxm;vdkufum vifh[lcsHK;ab;wGif jznf;Sif;pGm

xdkifvdkufawmh\/
xdktcdkufrSmyif vifh[lcsHK;\rsufvHk;rsm; yGifhvmawmh\/
]]iguawmh rif; jyefoGm;NyD xifvu
dk fwm ... }}
[k ajymawmh\/
&Dvifu wtHhwMojzifh jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]uRefr jyefoGm;NyD [kwfvm; ... }}
]]at; ... [kwfw,fav ... rif;&JYq&mreJY tpfrawGu rif;udk vdkuf&SmaeMuwm r[kwfvm; ... olwdkYu
rif;twGufodyfNyD; pdwfylyefaeMuawmhrSmyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\ pum;aMumifh &Dvifcrsm qwfceJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/ &Dvifonf olYq&mrESifh olYtpfrrsm;xHodkY
jyefzdkYudpudk vHk;0 owdr&cJhacs/ ,ckrl vifh[lcsHK; ajymrSyif olwdkYudk owd&awmhonf/ olr\pdwfxJwGif ..
]]ighq&mreJY tpfrawG ighudk awGU&ifawmh qlawmhrSmyJ}}
[k awG;aerdonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]nDrav; ... rif;u ighudk 'Davmuf jyKpkapmifha&SmufcJhwm ig trsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,fu,
G f ... tck
igvnf; tawmfBuD; oufomaeygNyD ... rif;q&mrvnf; pdwfylaerSmqdkawmh rif; jyefoGm;awmh ... }}
&Dvifu acgif;cg,rf; ajzvdkufonf/
]][ifhtif; ... b,fjzpfrvJ ... 'Dvdk awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJrSm tpfudkBuD;wpfa,mufwnf; xm;cJhvdkY b,fjzpf
rSmvJ ... }}
]]ightwGuf pdwfryleJY nDrav; ... rif;om vQdKusufzkef;tdrfudk ta&mufjyefayawmh ... [dkus&if igh&JY *dkPf;
wlnDtpfudkawGudk wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf ajymjyvdkuf ... olwdkY vdkufvmMuvdrfhr,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &DviftwGuf apwemjzifh ajymjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; &Dvif\pdwfxw
J Gifrl tawG;wpfrsdK; ayguf
oGm;awmhonf/ olr\pdwfxJwGif ..
]]aMomf ... vufpowfawmh olYnDrav;vdefvdefudk vmapcsifaewmudk; ... 'gaMumifhrkdY ighudk twif; jyef
vTwfaewmyJ ... }} [k awG;vdkufrdawmh\/
xdktawG;udk awG;rdvdkufonfESifh &Dvif\rsuf0ef;tdrfrS rsuf&nfaygufBuD;rsm; ydk;ydk;aygufayguf usvm
awmhonf/
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;onf tvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;NyD; ..
]]nDrav; ... bmjzpfvdkY idk&wmvJ ... rif; jyefoGm;&if q&mr tqlcHxdrSm pdk;&drfvdkYvm; ...]] [k ar;vdkuf
rdonf/
&Dvifu acgif;cgjyonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u quf ...
]][m ... igodNyD ... igodNyD ... rif; xifaygudkawGYrSm aMumufaevdkY jzpf&r,f ... raMumufeJY ... raMumufeJY
... [dkaeYupNyD; rif;udk rsufESmcsif;rqdkif&Jawmhbl; ... rif;eJYawGYwmeJY xGufajy;NyDvdkYomrSwf ... vSnfhawmif
rMunfh&Jap&bl;}}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
&Dvifu acgif;cgjyjyefonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
186
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK; oabmraygufEkdifbJ jzpfae\/ odkYaomf olr\ab;em; z&JoD;ESpfvHk;udk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg

aumif;pGmoabmaygufoGm;onfh[efjzifh ...
]]aMomf ... nDrav;u bk&m;rBudKufwJh tvkyfudk vkyfcJh&vdkY pdwfraumif;jzpfaewmvm; ... 'DtwGufawmh
rif; bmrSpdwfraumif;rjzpfeJY ... rif;pdwfrif;udk,f vkyfcsifvdkY vkyf&wmr[kwfbl; ... ighaMumifh vkyf&wmqdkawmh
rif;rSm tjypfr&Sdygbl;}}
[k ajymjyefonf/
odkYaomf &Dvifurl acgif;cgNrJ/ rsuf&nfpufrsm;uvnf; wpfpufpuf wpfaygufaygufusqJ/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh rnfodkYrQ em;rvnfawmhay/ xdkYaMumifh ..
]]aumif;ygNyD ... ig pum;ajymrSm;oGm;w,feJY wlw,f? ig rif;ukd awmif;yefygw,f ... pdwfrqdk;eJYaemf
nDrav;}}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
&Dvifu vifh[lcsHK;\acsmharmhESpfodrfhaom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg pdwfajyoGm;onf/ tenf;i,f
vnf; aysmf&Tifvef;qef;oGm;onf/
odkYaomf wpfpHkwpfckudk csufcsif;pOf;pm;rdjyefawmhonf/
]]olYpum;oHawGudkMunfh&if odyfodomwmyJ ... olY*dkPf;wlnDrav;udk tNrJwrf; 'DvdkacsmharmhaeMu jzpfrSmyJ
... olajymaeusjzpfvdkYom vTwfceJ ajymvdkuw
f mjzpfrSm ... }}
xdktawG;aMumifh &Dvifonf vHk;0rxdef;odrf;EdkifawmhbJ csHK;yGJcsidkvdkufawmhonf/ olru ...
]]uRefru tpfudkBuD;&JY *dkPf;wlnDrav;rS r[kwfwm ... olYudkyJ owd&aeawmh uRefr jrefjrefjyefoGm;
aeapcsifwmaygh}}
[k ajymvdkufrd\/
pum; EIwfrSxGufoGm;NyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf rdrd\pum;rSm uRHoGm;aMumif; csufcsif;owd&rdawmhonf/
rdrdrSm omoemh*dkPf;0if r,foDv&Sifwpfa,mufjzpfojzifh uJhodkYaom pum;rsm; vHk;0rajymoifhaMumif;
trSwf&vdkufonf/ odkYaomf Burf;uRHvQif EIwf&ao;onf/ EIwfuRHvQifrlum; EIwfr&awmh/ xdkYaMumifh
rsufESmwpfjyifvk;H &SufaoG;wufum eD&Jvmojzifh wpfbufodkY rsufESmvSnfhvdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;url &Dvif\pum;udk trIrJhtrSwfrJh jzpfoGm;ojzifh rnfodkYrQ*krjyKrdacs/ odkYaomf &Dvif\
acsmarmvSyaom rsufESmuav;udk aocsmpGm MunfhvdkufNyD; ..
]]tif; ... 'Dr,foDv&Sifuav;u wu,facsmwmyJ ... ighrSm 'DvdknDrav;rsdK; wpfa,mufavmuf&Sd&if odyf
aumif;rSmyJ? tckawmh igu 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm nDtpfudkarmifESr r&SdwJh wpfaumif<uuf jzpfae&w,f ... }}
[k olYpdwfxJwGif awG;aevdkufrdonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap &Dvif pdwfcsrf;omoGm;onfudk jrifvdkojzifh nifomaomavoHjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]nDrav; ... rif;[m ighxuf touftrsm;BuD;i,fw,f? aemufNyD; igwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;pvHk;[m
r[mrdwf zGJYNyD; nDtpfudkarmifESrawGvdk aeMuwmyJ r[kwfvm; ... 'Dawmh rif;vnf; ighnDrav; jzpfoGm;wmaygh
... ajymprf; nDrav;udk ig b,fvdkapmfum;rdovJ ... igapmfum;rdwJh tcsufudkajymjy ... 'grSvnf; igu
aoaocsmcsm awmif;yefEdkifrSmaygh ... }}
&Dvifu ..
]][ifhtif; ... tpfudkBuD;u uRefrudk bmrSrapmfum;ygbl;? 'gayr,fh tpfudkBuD;u uRefrudk 'Dae&mu
jrefjrefxGufomG ;apcsifw,f r[kwfvm; ... EdkYrdkY&if uRefrudkjrifwdkif; tpfudkBuD;a'goxGufaer,f ... uHqdk;ae
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
187
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r,f ... bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tpfudkBuD;yJ ajymcJhw,f r[kwfvm; ... r,foDv&SifawGeJY awGYNyD;wJhtcgwdkif; zJcs&if
tNrJIH;w,fvdkY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf &Dvif\pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg cGufxdk;cGufvef &,fawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif
vnf; ...
]]tif; ... 'Dr,foDv&Sifuav;[m bmrSem;rvnf&Smyguvm; ... pum;y&d,m,fawG bmawGvnf;
em;vnfyHkr&bl;? igajymwmawGudk trSwfxm;NyD; pm&if;&Sif;aewmudk; ... olYudk ig jyefawmif;yef&r,f ... }} [k
awG;vdkufrd\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ... igqdkwJh raumif;qdk;0g;aumif[m wu,fawmh aooGm;zdkYyJ aumif;w,f ...
[dkaeYuvnf; t&ufqdkifrSm r[kwfr[wfawG avQmufajymvdkY olrsm;awG ighaMumifh odumcsukefNyD ... uJ ...
ajymOD; ... ajymOD;}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzihf vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\vufudk ajrmuf wzsef;zsef;ESifh rdrdyg;udk dkufvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg &DvifrSm xdwfvefYoGm;NyD; uref;uwef; 0ifwm;awmhonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; ... rvkyfygeJY ... bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdkvkyf&wmvJ ... awmfNyD ... rdkufygeJYawmh ...
uRefru tpfuBdk uD;udk pdwfqdk;vdkYajymwm r[kwfygbl; ... tpfudkBuD; uHqdk;rSmpdk;vdkY ajymwmyg ... }}
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
188
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[moyHkjyif
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]rif; wu,fpdwrf qdk;bl;aemf ... }}
&Dvifu acgif;cgjy\/
]][if; ... pdwfrqdk;wJhvlu &,fvnf;r&,fbl; ... 'gqdk&if pdwfqdk;aevdkYyJaygh ... pdwfrqdk;wJhvl[m
b,fawmhrS okefokefrIefrIefBuD;raebl; ... }}
&Dvif tm;wif; NyHK;jyvdkuf\/ odkYaomf rsuf&nfudkxdef; r&ao;ojzifh wpfbufodkY vSnfhvdkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf &Dvif tidkrpJao;onfudk awGY&aomtcg oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsuf csvdkufrdawmh\/
xdktcg &Dvifonf csufcsif;yif tidk&yfoGm;um wdk;nif;aom avoHjzifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... bmjzpfvdkY oufjyif;cs&wmvJ[if}}
&Dvif\ar;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif &,fcsifpdwfaygufvmonf/
rsufESmudkawmhrl cyfwnfwnfyif [efaqmifxm;onf/ olYpdwfxJ ..
]]olu i,fi,fav; &Sdao;wmyJ ... ighvSnfhuGufudk bmcHEdkifrSmvJ ... ig rifeJY armif;eJYvkyf&if
'Daumifrav; wu,fatmufarhrSmyJ ... }}
olYtaejzifh uJhodkYaom tawGYtBuHKrSm dk;aeavNyD/ vdefvdefESifh olonf i,fpOfu twlwlyif upm;cJh
Buonf/
vdefvdefonf rMumcP pdwfaumufwwfonf/ ol pdwfaumufaeonfhtcgwGif vifh[lcsHK; rnfodkYyif
acsmhacsmh vifh[lcsHK;udk rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmay/
xdktcgrsdK; BuHKonfhtcgwdkif; oufjyif;&SnfBuD; csvdkufNyD; pdwfraumif;[ef [efaqmifvdkufvQif vdefvdef
onf pum;rajymbJ raeEdkifawmh/ tNrJvdkvkyd if olYtm; pum;jyefajymcJhonf/
,ckvnf; twdkif;yif/ vifh[lcsHK;onf [efESifh yefESifh oufjyif;&SnfBuD; csvdkufaomtcg &Dvifonf
csufcsif;yif pd;k &drfwBuD; jyefar;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rajymbJ aemufxyfoufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufjyefonf/ acgif;udkvnf;
&DvifbufodkY rvSnfhawmhbJ wpfbufodkY vSnhv
f kdufjyefonf/
&Dvifu ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
189
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrudk pdwfqdk;oGm;NyDvm;[if ... pdwfrqdk;ygeJY tpfudkBuD;&,f ... uRefr rSm;wmudk pdwfxJ
rSm rrSwfxm;ygeJYaemf ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf..
]]r[kwfygbl; ...bmrS r[kwfygbl; ... }}
[kwGifwGifajymaeaomfvnf; [efaqmifxm;onfhrsufESmudk vHk;0rysufapbJ wpfbufodkYom vSnfhaeawmh
\/ uJhodkY vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESm romr,mjzpfav &Dvifcrsm pdwfylavjzpfNyD; ajcrudkifrd vufrudkifrd jzpfvm
awmhonf/ &Dvif odkYjzpfav vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif &,fcsifav jzpfaeawmh\/
&Dvifu ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrudk pdwfqdk;aewkef;yJaemf ... uRefrtwGufeJY tpfudkBuD;&JYyg;udk tpfudkBuD; jyefdkufw,f
... uRefru trdu
k fr ... uRefrudkuRefr tjypfay;r,f ... uRefryg;udkvnf; uRefrjyefdkuf&r,f ... uJ ... uJ ... }}
&Dvifonf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh olr\yg;udk jzef;ceJ jyefdkufvdkuf\/ 'kwd,tcsufdkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufpOf
rSmyif vifh[lcsHK;u ol\vufwpfzufjzifh &Dvif\vufudk vSrf;qGJvdkufawmh\/
odkYaomf vufudk kwfw&uf vIyf&Sm;vdkuf&jcif;aMumifh &if0rS 'Pf&monf tvGefyif emusifoGm;rdawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh kwfw&uf rsufESm&SHkYrJhvdkufrdawmhonf/
&Dvifu uref;uwef; wm;vdkufawmhonf/
]]tdk ... tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; bmjzpfvdkY vufudk kwfw&uf vIyf&wmvJ ... 'Pf&mu emrSmaygh ...
rvIyfeJYaemf ... tpfudkBuD; ... tomuav; vSJtdyfaevdkufyg ... 'grS 'Pf&muoufomoGm;rSm ... }}
olronf vifh[lcsHK;udk jznf;Sif;pGm vSJtdyfcdkif;onf/ rdrdudk,fudkvnf; rdrdtjypfwifaeonf/
]][if; ... uRefr[m wu,ftoHk;ruswJhvlyg ... bmyJvkyfvkyf t&m&meJY taMumif;aMumif;csnf;yJ ...
uRefraMumifh 'kua&mufBu&wJh vlawGcsnf;yJ ... tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD;&JY'Pf&m emaeao;vm;[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\ 'Pf&mrSm emonfuawmh trSefyifjzpf\/ odkYaomf rcHr&yfEkdifavmufatmif emusifonfawmh
r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf olYpdwfxJwGif tBuHwpfck&vkdufonf/ xdkYaMumifh rsufESmudk &SHkYrJhvdkufNyD; w[if;[if;ESifh
nnf;nLvdkufawmh\/
&DvifrSm pdk;&drfwBuD;jzifh ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... aoG;rxGufapeJYawmhaemf ... odyfNyD; emaeovm;[if ... }} [k ar;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ezl;udkvnf; ol\jzLEkoG,af jzmifhaom vufuav;rsm;jzifh prf;oyfvdkufNyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... temoufomNyDvm; ... }}
[k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;url wuRwfuRwf pkyfoyf&if; ...
]][ifhtif; ... roufombl; ... 'Pf&mu odyfemwmyJ}}
[k ajymaeawmh\/
&Dvifonf rsufESmuav; idkrJhrJhjzpfvmNyD; bmvkyf bmudkif&rSef;rodatmif pdwfIyfaxG;oGm;rdawmhonf/
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;u ...
]][if; ... cktcsdefrsdK;rSm igh&JY *dkPf;wlnDav; vkdk&Sd&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ ... }}
]]&Sdw,f ... olYyg;pyf[m temoufomwJhaq;yJ ... t&ifwkef;uvnf; ig 'Pf&mcPcP&zl;wmyJ ...
'Pf&mawGu odyfNyD;emusifvmNyDqdkwmeJY vkdku [mopum;awG ... tajymiftysufpum;awGajymawmhwmyJ ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
190
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
igem;axmif&if; &,f&if;eJY 'Pf&mu temoufomoGm;wmyJ ... tif; ... emvdkufwm? emvdkufwm ... emvdkuf
wm ... vkdkom'DrSm&Sd&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ ... uRwf ... uRwf ... uRwf ... }}
&DvifrSmrl wu,fyif tusOf;tusyfodkY a&mufae&Smawmh\/ olr\b0wpfavQmufvHk; wifh&D r,foD
v&SifBuD;\ wynfhtjzpf jrKyfESHcJhonf/ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;\ wynfhwdkif;onf rsufESmudk wnfwnfxm;NyD;
bk&m;pm w&m;pmudkom usufrSwf&GwfzwfaecJhBu&onf/ "m;odkif;avhusifhcsdefa&mufvQif "m;odkif;avhusifh&\/
olwdkY\b0 tajymiftjyufajymjcif;? aemufajymifjcif;? &,farmjcif;[l vHk;0r&SdcJhBuay/ olwdkY\bk&m;
ausmif; &,foH[lonfrSm rMum;aumif;aomt&myif jzpfawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh olrtm; [mopum; vmajymcdkif;vQif vlwpfa,muftm; owfcdkif;onfESifh twlwlyif jzpfawmh
onf/
olrtzdkY rnfodkYrQ rvkyfwwfaom tvkyfwpfckjzpfawmh\/ olrpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]'kuyJ ... tpfudkBuD;uvnf; [mopum;awG Mum;csifw,f ... iguvnf; rajymwwfbl; ... cufawmh
wmyJ ...}}
[k awG;&if; pdwfaomu a&mufae&Smawmh\/
xdkpOf kwfw&uf tBuHwpfck&vdkuf\/ olru ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... [mopum;awG tajymiftjyufawGawmh uRefr rajymwwfbl; ... 'gayr,fh usrf;pmawGxJ
rSmawmh yHkjyifawmfawmfrsm;rsm; zwfzl;ygw,f ... 'DyHkjyifawGxJu yHkjyifwcsdKYuawmh &,fp&maumif;w,f ...
tpfudkBuD; em;axmifrvm;}}
[k ar;vdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf odkYjzpfvmap&ef zefwD;vdkufjcif;jzpf&m ,ck ol jzpfapcsifouJhodkY jzpfvmayNyD/
ol\pdwfxJ NyHK;vdkufrdonf/ ol\rsufESmudk vHk;0rysufapbJ ..
]]aumif;w,f ... odyfaumif;w,f ... igu vlwpfrsdK;? yHkjyifuav;awG em;axmifae&&if 'Pf&mu
oufomvmwmyJ ... }} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
&Dvifu NyHK; ...
]]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefr ajymjyr,f ... tck uRefrajymjyr,fh yHkjyifu ]acgif;wHk;eJY ausmufwHk;} qdkwJh yHkjyifyJ ...
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef; acgif;wHk;BuD;wpfa,muf&SdowJh tpfudkBuD;&JY ... olYacgif;u arG;uwnf;u qHyifwpfacsmif;rS
raygufbl; ... tJ'Dacgif;wHk;udk teD;tem; ywf0ef;usifu vlawGu ausmufwHk;vdkY ac:Buw,f? wpfaeYawmh
olu olYtdrfab;u v,form;wpfa,mufeJY pum;rsm;&efjzpfMuw,f ... v,form;u olYacgif;udk aygufwl;
eJYdkufvdkufawmh acgif;aygufoGm;awmhwmaygh ... 'Dacgif;wHk;BuD;u aygufwl;udk vHk;0ra&Smifbl; ra&SmifHkrubl;
... NyHK;NyHK;uav;eJYawmif aevdkufao;owJh ... ab;u vlawGu odyftHhMoMuwmaygh ... bmjzpfvdkY ra&SmifbJ
NyHK;awmif NyHK;&ovJvdkYar;owJh? tJ'Dawmh acgif;wHk;BuD;u &,fNyD;jyefajymw,f ... 'Dv,form;BuD;[m
vltBuD;yJwJh ... olu ighacgif;wHk;udk ausmufwHk;xifNyD; aygufwl;eJY dkufwmwJh ... iga&Smifvdkuf&if 'Dv,form;
udk pOf;pm;Pf&Sdatmif vkyfay;ovdk jzpfoGm;rSmayghwJh ... }}
&Dvif\yHjk yif tqHk;owfoGm;aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;u [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmvdkufonf/ EIwfrSvnf; ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'Dacgif;wHk;u olYudk,fol odyfvnfw,fvdkY xifaewmudk; ... w,faumif;wJh
yHkjyifygvm;? &,fvnf;&,f&w,f ... aumif;vnf;aumif;w,f ... }}
&Dvifu vifh[lcsHK;&,fonfudk awGY&aomtcg tvGefoabmusoGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh olru ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
191
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD; em;axmifvdkY aumif;w,fqdk&if ... uRefr aemufxyf yHkjyifav;wpfyk'f ajymjyOD;r,f ... yHkjyifu
]orm;awmfBuD;eJY rif;orD;} wJh ... [dk;t&ifwkef;u bk&ifBuD;wpfyg;rSm orD;awmfav;wpfyg; xGef;um;cJhw,f ...
bk&ifBuD;u b,fae&mrqdk tavmwBuD;vkyfwwfw,f ... pdwfqEapmwwfw,f? olYorD;awmfuav;u
i,fi,fuav; arG;uif;puav;jzpfaewmudk olYpdwfxJrSm tm;rvdktm;r&jzpfaew,f ... csufcsif;yJ tG,f
a&mufwm jrifcsifw,f ... 'Dawmh orm;awmfBuD;udk qifhac:w,f ... orD;awmfav; wpfcgwnf;eJY BuD;xGm;
tG,fa&mufEdkifr,fhaq;udk azmfpyfcdkif;w,f ... tJh'Dawmh orm;awmfBuD;u ajymw,f ... aq;awmh&Sdygw,f ...
'gayr,fh 'Daq;udkazmfpyfzdkYuawmh tcsdefawGtrsm;BuD;,l&ygw,fwJh ... 'Dawmh rif;orD;uav;udk olYtdrfrSmyJ
xm;yg ... wpfbufuvnf; aq;azmfpyf ... wpfzufuvnf; aq;auR;yghr,fwJh ... wpfckawmh&Sdw,f ... 'Daq;
udkazmfcsdefrSm bk&ifBuD;taeeJY vHk;0rvm&bl;? pdwfqErapm&bl;vdkY avQmufxm;owJh ... bk&ifBuD;uvnf;
oabmwlvkdufw,f ... 'geJY orm;awmfBuD;u rif;orD;av;udk olYtdrfrSmac:xm;w,f ... aeYwkdif;aeYwdkif;
aq;jrpfaq;0g;awG pkaqmif;&SmazGaeygw,fvdkY bk&ifBuD;udkavQmufw,f ... 'DvdkeJY q,fhESpfESpfMumoGm;wJhtcg
usrS aq;0g;azmfpyfvNdkY yD;ygNyDvdkY avQmufw,f ... 'DaeYyJ rif;orD;av;udk aq;auR;NyD;ygNyDwJh? tJ ... aemufawmh
olu rif;orD;av;udkac:vmNyD; bk&ifBuD;&JYvufxJudk tyfowJh ... [dk; ... vGefcJhwJh q,fhESpfESpfu arG;uif;p
uav;av;u tckusawmh t&G,fa&mufaeawmhwmaygh ... 'gudkvnf; bk&ifBuD;uawGYa&m orm;awmfBuD;[m
wu,fyJawmfw,fqdkNyD; qkawmfvmbfawmfawG trsm;BuD;csD;jrifhvdkufowJh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u yHkjyifqHk;aomtcg w[m;[m; &,fvdkufjyefonf/
]]avmBuD;wJh bk&ifBuD;vdkYom ajymw,f ... q,fhESpfESpfawmh apmifhEdkifao;oudk; ... 'Dorm;awmfBuD;u
bmrS[kwdywdrS rwwfbJ ... igom orm;awmfBuD;jzpf&if [dkrif;orD;av;udk q,fh&SpfESpft&G,f&SdwJh rif;orD;
av;jzpfoGm;atmif vkyfay;Edkifw,f ... }}
&Dvifonf rsufvHk;uav;jyL;oGm;um ...
]]&Sif ... tpfudkBuD;u b,fvdkvkyfrSmvJ[if ... }}
[k ar;vdkufawmh\/
]]tHr,f ... bmrsm; cufwmrSwfvdkY ... igqdk&if rif;orD;uav;udkcsDNyD; tdrfjyefr,f ... csufcsif; tuscsKyf
orm;av;a,mufudk ac:vdkufr,f ... }}
]][if ... tpfudkBuD;uvnf; ... tuFsDcsKyform;awGu bmvkyfzdkYvJ ... }}
]][ ... bmvkyf&rSmvJ ... tusopfudk tjrefqHk;csKyfcdkif;&rSmaygh ... igu b,folY udk,ftwdkif;twm,lNyD;
csKyfcdkif;r,frSwv
f dkYvJ ... rif;&JYudk,fwdkif;udk,Nl yD; csKyfckdif;rSm ... tJ'Dtusopfudk rif;udk 0wfcdkif;NyD; eef;awmfxJudk
vSvSyy ausmhausmharmharmhav; ac:oGm;r,f ... bk&ifBuD;qDa&muf&if OD;cdkufNyD; orD;awmfav;[m
orm;awmfBuD;vifh[lcsHK;&JY aq;aumif;0g;aumif;rsm;udk oHk;aqmifvu
dk fvdkY tckqdk&ifwpf&ufwnf;eJY q,fh&SpfESpf
orD;awmfav; jzpfcJhygNyDvdkY avQmufwifvdkufr,f ... bk&ifBuD;u rif;vdkcspfp&m;aumif;wJh rif;orD;av;udk
jrifvkduf&&if 0rf;omvGef;vdkY b,f ... twkeJY tppf cGJjcm;EdkifygawmhrvJ ... tJ'Dtcgusawmh orm;awmfBuD;
vifh[lcsHK;vnf; qkawmfvmbfawmfawG trsm;BuD; csD;jrifhcH&awmhrSm aocsmw,f ... }}
&DvifrSmrl vifh[lcsHK;\ tajymaMumifh w&,fwnf;&,fae&aomaMumifh arm[dkufaeawmh\/ twefMumrS ..
]]tpfudkBuD;u BuHBuHzefzefajymwJhae&mrSmawmh ... ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl; ... xifaygeJY "m;NydKifwkef;uvnf;
'Dtwdkif;yJ ... uRefrvdk tMunfh&qdk;wJholu b,fvdkvkyf rif;orD;jzpfEdkifrvJ}}
[k ajymawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
192
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]b,fhES,fajymwmvJ nDrav;&JY ... rif;vdk rdef;uav;rsdK;om kyfqdk;w,fvdkYac:&if 'DavmuxJrSm

vSywJhvl wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhbl;? twdkif;wdkif; tjynfjynfrSm tifrwefvSwJh rif;orD;awG wpfaomif;ru
&Sdcsif&Sdvdrfhr,f? 'gayr,fh wpfa,mufrS rif;vSwmudkawmh rDrSmr[kwfbl;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u rdrdudk rQ csD;rGrf;aeonfudk Mum;&aomtcg olr\em;xJodkY ysm;&nfrsm; avmif;xnfhvdkuf
onfhES,f csdKjryDwdjzpfaerdawmh\/ olru NyHK;&,f&if; ...
]]'D ... axmifaomif;ruwJh rif;orD;awGudk tpfudkBuD;awGYzl;vdkYvm; ... }} [k ar;vdkufonf/
]]awGYzl;wmaygh ... igu tNrJwrf; tdyfrufrufaewJhaumif ... tdyfrufxJrSm wpfa,mufNyD;wpfa,muf
awGYae&wm ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD;uvnf; ... b,fES,fh tdyfrufrufwdkif; rif;orD;awGeJYcsnf; awGYae&wmvJ ... }}
]]'guawmh igu pGJvrf; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf w[D;[D;&,f&if; ajymae&mrS r,foDv&Sifav;wpfyg;tm; uJhodkYaom pum;rsm; vHk;0
rajymoifhaMumif; owd&vdkufNyD; kwfw&uf olYpum;udk t&Sdefowfvdkuf&onf/ xdkYaMumifh [efaqmif
wpfcsufrQ orf;a0vdkuf&\/
&Dvifu ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... pum;ajym&vdkY odyfyifyef;aeNyD ... tdyfvdkufOD;aemf ... }}
]]at; ... aumif;w,f ... ig wpfarS;avmuf tdyfvdkufOD;r,f ... rif;&JY [moyHkjyifawGuawmh wu,fhudk
tpGrf;xufwmyJudk; ... igh'Pf&mawGu remawmhbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\&nf&G,fcsufrSm &Dvif &,farmaysmf&Tifvmap&efyifjzpfonf/ ,ck &Dvif &,farmaysmf&Tif oGm;NyD
jzpf olu pum;qufrajymawmhacs/ olY'Pf&mrsm;uvnf; tem;,lEdkifav aumif;avjzpfojzifh rnfonfh
pum;rQ qufrajymawmhbJ rsufpdrsm;udk rSdwfvdkufawmh\/
&DvifrSmrl vifh[lcsHK;tm; ab;em;wGifxdkif ydk;? yk&pfrsm; vifh[lcsHK;tm; taESmifht,Sufray;Ekdifap&ef
,yfcwfay;aeonf/
xdkodkY ,yfcwfay;ae&if;rS olronfvnf; wjznf;jznf;rsufcGHrsm; av;vmNyD; aemufqHk; tdyfaysmfoGm;
avawmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
193
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[mrdwf tzGJYcsKyftvH
awmtkyfBuD;wpfckvHk;onf vHk;0wdwfqdwfNidrfoufvsuf &Sdaeaomfvnf; csHK;qef;NrdKU&Sd vQdKusufzkef;\
tdrfa*[mBuD;wGifrl odkif;orm;aygif;pHk pHknDpGm a&muf&SdaeMuNyD/ tkwftkwfusufusuf jzpfaeawmhonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRefonfvnf; vifrdefusufudk wynfhtjzpf vufcHvdkufNyD;aemuf ol\wynfh
rsm;udk OD;aqmif vQdKusufzkef;\ tdrfa*[modkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;rSm 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRefudk,fwdkifvmonf[k Mum;odvdkuf&aomtcg tvGefw&m
0rf;omwkefvIyf oGm;awmh\/
rdrdtm; tBuD;tus,fqHk; vma&mufcsD;jrifhjcif;yif r[kwfygvm;/
olonf uref;uwef;ESifh xGuf BudKqdkvdkufonf/
&ufykcRef .../
odkif;avmuBuD; emrnftvGefBuD;aeonfh ]opm&Sif"m;orm;} &ufykcRefonfudk,fwidk fvma&muf
csD;jrifhjcif; onf awmfawmfwefwef csD;jrifhjcif;r[kwfay/
tifrwefrS vma&mufcJonf/ xdkYaMumifh vQdKusufzkef;taejzifh &ufykcRefudk txyfxyf aus;Zl;wifpum;
ajymMum;jcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf cufxefarmufrmrI vH;k 0r&Sday/
tvGefdk;om;ESdrfhcsaom trlt&mjzifh ,Ofaus;odrfarGYpGm r*Fvmpum; ajymMum;onf/
ol\rsufESmrl tpOftNrJvdkvdk NyHK;csdKaeonf/
vQdKusufzkef;ESifh wNyHK;NyHK;pum;ajym&if; cef;rBuD;xJodkY 0ifvmBuonf/
xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; xifrif;? wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;ESifh csif;csef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &Dcsef; tp&Sdaom
odkif;avmu\ xdyfoD;odkif;q&mBuD;rsm;uvnf; xGuf c&D;OD;BudKjyKBu\/
tjcm;olrsm;onf av;pm;cifrifrIjzifh c&D;OD;BudKMujcif; jzpfaomfvnf; &Dcsef;taejzifhrl tajctaet&om
dkaoorI jyKBujcif;jzpfonf/ ol\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]tif; ... 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk,fwdkif 'DyGJudkvmwm[m b,fenf;eJYrS taMumif;rJh rjzpfEdkifbl; ... wpfckck
awmh xl;jcm;csuf&SdaeNyD ... 'grSr[kwf&ifvnf; ightwGufeJY a&mufvmwmjzpfvdrfhr,f ... olwdkY *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;
u vlrsm;wm rSefayr,fh ighwdkY csif;csef*dkPf;uvnf; racygbl; ... taotvJ jyefwdkuf&if olwdkYvnf; emrSmygyJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
194
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
... iguawmh Buufacgif;qdwfrcHbJ &ufykcRefuom ighudk apmfum;armfum; ajymr,fqdk&if iguvnf; olYwynfh

vifh[lcsHK; raumif;wJhtdrfrSm rdef;rysufuav;awGeJY aysmfyg;wJhtaMumif; zGifhcsypfvdkufr,f ... }} [k tawG;jzifh
armif;wifxm;vdkufonf/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefonf &Dcsef;udkawGYaomftcg tdktaoay;vdu
k fNyD; ..
]]q&mBuD;eJY vlcsif;rawGY&wm awmfawmfMumaeNyDaemf? q&mBuD;u toufBuD;vmav EkysdKvmavygyJvm;
... }} [k ,Ofaus;odrfarGYpGm y#doEm&pum; ajymvdkufojzifh &Dcsef;onf txifESifhtjrif vGJrSm;oGm;um
uref;uwef; tdktaoay;NyD; EIwfqufpum; jyefajymvdkuf&awmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;\ tdrfa*[modkY odkif;avmurS {nfhonfrsm;tqufrjywf qdkufa&mufvsuf&SdaeBuonf/
odkYjzifh vQdKusufzkef;\ vufaq;r*Fvmae&modkY a&muf&SdcJhacsNyD/
vufaq;r*FvmaeY .../
eHeufapmapmuyif vQdKusufzkef;onf ol\tcef;xJodkY 0ifoGm;awmh\/
tjyifodkY jyefxGufrvmawmhacs/
ol\wynfhvufom;rsm;u {nfhonfrsm;udk BudKqdk{nfh0wfjyKaeBuawmh\/
aeYvnfrGef;wnfhcsdefa&mufaomftcg {nfhonfrsm; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmjyefonf/
vrf;awav*dkPf;rS 'k*dkPf;csKyf? ta&SYyifv,frS ig;ref;*dkPf;csKyf tp&Sdonfh te,fe,ft&yf&yf&Sd *dkPf;tzGJY
toD;oD;rS yk*dKvfrsm; wzJGzGJa&muf&SdvmBuawmh\/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;xifrif;ESifh wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;url twGif;cef;rS rxGufBuawmhay/
xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmolrsm;udk EIwfrqufBuawmh/
olwdkY\pdwfxw
J Gif rausreyf jzpfaerdBuonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef;qdkwmu csHK;qef;*dkPf;&JY xdyfoD;odkif;orm;wpfa,mufyJ ... 'DvdkxdyfoD;wpfa,muf[m
b,fhES,f odkif;avmuxJu uavuacsodkif;tzGJYav;awGeJY aygif;oif;ae&wmvJ ... olu igwdkY*dkPf;BuD;
ig;*dkPf;eJY r[mrdwfzGJYxm;wJhvlqdkawmh igwdkYawGvnf; 'Duavuacsodkif;tzGaJY wGeJY r[mrdwftvdkvdk jzpfukefNyD;
odumawG usukefawmhwmaygh ... }}
olwdkYtxJwGif txl;jcm;qHk;vlrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRefyifjzpfawmh\/
&ufykcRefonf *dkPf;csKyfBuD;wpfa,muf jzpfaomfvnf; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;wpfa,muf\ [dwf[efvHk;0rxm;acs/
{nfhonfrsm;xJrS olYtm; EIwfqufpum;ajymol rnfolYudkrqdk jyefvnfEIwfqufpum;ajym acsiHpGm
qufqHojzifh tjcm;xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh vHk;0jcm;em;aeawmh\/
xkdpOf vQdKusufzkef;\ wynfhi,fom;rsm;u pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk jyifqifwnfcif;vdkufawmhonf/
twGif;tjyif pm;yGJ0dkif;ESpf&mcefY cif;usif;xm;onf/
jyifqifNyD;onfESifh vQdKusufzkef;\wynfhBuD; wm;eif;u {nfhonfrsm;udk pm;yGJ0dkif;rsm;odkY ae&mcsxm;ay;
onf/
xdkpOf ..
a*[mBuD;\tjyifbufrS ]w*srf;*srf;} jzifh armif;xkoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufMu&awmh\/
vrf;&Si;f ay;&ef atmfoHrsm;udkvnf; Mum;Mu&onf/ t&m&SdBuD;wpfOD;OD; a*[ma&SYrS jzwfausmfoGm;jcif;
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xdktcsdefwGif vQdKusufzkef;onf tust0wftpm;topfESifh tcef;wGif;rS okwfoD;okwfysm ajy;xGufvm
ojzifh {nfhonftm;vHk; rifoufai;aMumifoGm;Muawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
195
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
{nfhonfrsm; kwfjcnf;owd0ifvmNyD; 0rf;omtm;&EIwfquf *kPfjyKBuawmh\/

odkYaomf vQdKusufzkef;onf {nfhonfrsm;udk wpfcsufrQom tdktaoay;vdkufNyD; a*[mBuD;\wHcg;0odkY
ajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/
rMumrDyif t&m&Sdt0wftpm;rsm; 0wfqifxm;aom vlBuD;wpfOD;ESifhtwl vQdKusufzkef; jyefvnf 0ifa&muf
vmonfudk awGv
Y dkuf&awmh\/
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xdktcsufay;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh t&m&SdBuD;udk a&S;OD;pGm ckwfowfMuayrnf/
odkYaomf olwdkY\rsufvHk;rsm;udk r,HkEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;Mu&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
196
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&Snfygap ... }}
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tHhMoaeMuawmhonf/
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odkif;orm;tm;vHk; odvdkufMu&NyD/
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197
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tckvdk aemifBuD;wdkYudk zdwfMum;{nfhcH&wmuawmh uRefawmfh vufaq;r*FvmyGJrSm todoufaovkyfcdkif;wJh
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
198
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qGJxkwfum "m;udkcsdK;ypfvdkufawmhonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
199
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taumif;qHk;vdkY ... igwdkY odkif;orm;awGtzdkY odkif;avmurSm toufxufqHk;aeoGm;wm taumif;qHk;yJ ...
bmjzpfvdkY bk&ifhtrIxrf;vkyfcsif&wmvJ ... vQdKusufzkef;u tm;vHk;pDpOfNyD;NyDqkdvdkY igu bmrSrajymbJ aevdkuf
wm ... }}
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wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;u 0if ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
200
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
201
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
202
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______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
203
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
204
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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205
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206
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207
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208
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209
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vQdKusufzkef;u wnfNidrfpGmjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]az;&efuajymw,f ... oltwwfEdkifqHk; onf;cHr,fwJh ... olraeYuyJvlvTwfNyD; usKyfudkajymcdkif;vkdufw,f
... 0gqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsHK; 'Pf&mjyif;xefNyD; touftE&m,f&Sdaewkef; ol0ifu,fay;vdkufw,fwJh ... }}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tm;vHk;vdkvdk wkefvIyfoGm;Muawmhonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh [efqef;*dkPf;
wdkYuvnf; wD;wdk;aqG;aEG;Muawmhonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;u vdefvdefonf vHk;0ratmifhEdkifawmhbJ vQdKusufzkef;tm; vSrf;ar;vdkufawmh\/
]]q&mBuD; ... uRefrtpfudk vifh[lcsHK; tckb,frSmvJ[if ... wu,fyJ ... [dk ... [dk ... az;&efu u,fvdkuf
ovm; ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u ..
]]'guawmh tpfudkBuD;az;&efu ajymwmyJ ... [kwfr[kwfawmh aemufydkif; tajzay:vmrSmyJ ... vifh[lcsHK;
jyefvmwJhtcgusawmh twdtus od&rSmaygh ... }}
az;ajymif;u ceJYNyHK;NyHK;&if; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
210
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'guvnf; bmxl;qef;wmrSwfvdkY ... raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;&JY vSnfhuGufyJ ... awmfMum vifh[lcsHK;uvnf;

olYudk aus;Zl;xyfwifvdku&f if usKyfwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;rSm aemufxyfopmazmufwpfa,mufawmh xyfwdk;vm
awmhrSmyJ ... }}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
vQdKusufzkef;\ avoHonf csufcsif;wif;rmoGm;NyD; ..
]]az;ajymif; ... cifAsm;u ajymvkdufw,f ... aemufxyfopmazmufwpfa,muf xyfwdk;vmr,fwJh [kwfvm;
... 'Daemufxyfqdkwm bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ ... }}
[k ar;vdkufawmh\/
az;ajymif;u ..
]]'guajymp&mrvdkygbl; ... udk,fhtaMumif; udk,fodMuwmyJ ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u cufxefaomavoHjzifhyif ...
]][if; ... cifAsm;u usKyfudk opmazmufvdkY qdkvdkwmaygh [kwfvm; ... usKyfrdwfaqG taygif;toif;awGeJY
aygif;oif;aewJhudprSm b,foleJYaygif;&r,f ... b,foleJYraygif;&bl;vdkY trdefYay;ydkifcGifh wm;jrpfydkifcGifh b,folY
qDrSmrSr&Sdbl; ... usKyf[m usKyf&JYq&morm;? usKyf&JY*dkPf;udk b,fwkef;urS opmrazmufzl;bl; ... 'Dopmazmuf
qdkwJhpum;vHk;udk cifAsm;udkyJ usKyfujyefay;vkdufw,f ... }}
[k ajymvkduf\/
vlwdkif;vlwdkif;u vQdKusufzkef;\ wnfMunfcefYnm;vGef;vSonfhavoHudk Mum;vkdufMu&aomtcg pdwfxJ
wGif Budwf csD;usK;rdMuawmh\/
az;ajymif;u ..
]]'Dvdkqdk&if cifAsm;u az;&efudk vHk;0rowfzl;aygh [kwfvm; ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u ..
]]wu,fvdkY tzJGYcsKyfacgif;aqmifu usKyfwdkYrdom;pkwpfckvHk;udk owfzdkYtrdefYay;w,fqdk&ifawmh cifAsm;vkyf
ayawmh}}
az;ajymif;u ..
]]cifAsm;u 'DrSmvlawGtrsm;BuD;&Sdw,fqdkNyD; usKyfrvkyfEdkifbl; xifaeovm; ... tJ'gqdk&ifawmh cifAsm;
txifrSm;aevdrfhr,f ... }}
az;ajymif;onf pum;qHk;onfESifh q,fwif;udk vuf,yfac:um ...
]]'DudkvmcJhprf; ... }}
q,fwif;onf avQmufvmonf/ q,fwif;\vufxJr tvHukd qJG,lajrmufudkifvdkufNyD; az;ajymif;u ...
]]vQdKusufzkef; em;axmifyg ... wu,fvdkY wpfvtwGif;rSm az;&efudkowfzdkY oabmrwl&if cifAsm;eJY
ywfouforQ tm;vHk;udk usLyifckwu
f sLikwfrusef tjrpfuae ckwfxGif&Sif;vif;ypf&vdrfhr,f ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;onf aMuuGJpGmNyHK;vdkuf&if; ..
]]usKyf vQdKusufzkef;u ... 'Davmuftiftm;csdeYaJ ecsdefrSm cifAsm;wdkYeJY b,f,SOfEdkifawmhrvJav ... aemufNyD;
cifAsm;wdkYu yJGr0ifcifwnf;u tjyifrSm avhusifhNyD;om;qdkawmh usKyfuawmh'Dtwdkif;yJ Munfhae&awmhrSmyJ ...
tif; ... cifAsm;wdkY[m usKyf&JYtacgif;awmif 0,fxm;NyDxifw,f ... uJ ... cifAsm;wdkY owfcsif&if owfayawmh
... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
211
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
az;ajymif;onf tvHukd wpfcsufvIyf,rf;vdkuf&if; ..

]]q&mBuD;xifrif; ... q&mBuD;&ufykcRef ... q&mrBuD;wifh&DeJY csHK;qef;*dkPf;u aemifBuD;wdkY ... tzGJYcsKyf
acgif;aqmifu rSmMum;vdkufygw,f ... usKyfwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;taeeJY raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJY b,fawmhrS
raygif;oif;Edkiyf gbl; ... tck vQdKusufzkef;[m raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJY yl;aygif;vdkufwJhtwGuf usKyfwdkY *dkPf;BuD;
ig;*dkPf;uvlwdkif; olYudk owfEdkifw,f ... trdefYudk emcHwhJvlawG[m vuf0b
J ufrSm &yfMuyg ... }}
xdkufqef;*dkPf;rS *dkPf;csKyfBuD;xifrif;u yxrOD;qHk; rwfwwf&yf vuf0JbufodkY avQmufoGm;awmh\/
taMumif;rSmxifrif;\ q&mrSm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;rS rdef;rwpfa,muf\vufcsufESifh aoqHk;cJh& jzpfonf/
xifrif;onf raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;udk cg;cg;oD;oD;rkef;oljzpf\/
&ufykcRefonfvnf; x&yfvkdufonf/ odkYaomf vuf0JbufodkY csufcsif;avQmufroGm;ao;bJ vQdKusufzkef;
tm; vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef; ... cifAsm;uom acgif;wpfcsufndwfvdkuf&if tm;vHk;tqifajyoGm;rSmyg ... cifAsm;rSm
oli,fcsif;qkdwJh az;&efwpfa,mufyJ&Sdawmhovm; ... olwpfa,mufwnf;om usKyfwdkYtrsm;xuf ydkta&;BuD;ae
ovm; ... cifAsm; pOf;pOf;pm;pm;eJY tajzay;yg ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u acgif;cg,rf;vdkufNyD; ..
]]&ufykcRef ... cifAsm;[m pmayorm;wpfa,mufyJ ... 'Dawmh a,mufsm;aumif;wpfa,muf vkyfoifh
vkyfxdkufwJhtvkyfudk cifAsm;odrSmyg ... tck usKyftwGuf azsmif;zsw,fqdkwm usKyfodygw,f ... 'DtwGuf
aus;Zl;wifygw,f ... tck olrsm;u usKyfudktusyfudkifNyD; az;&efudkowfcdkif;w,f ... 'g b,fvdkenf;eYJr rjzpf
Ekdifbl; ... wu,fvdkY wpfa,mufa,mufu cifAsm;wdkYxJuvlwpfa,mufudkowfzdkY usKyfudkapcdkif;&if usKyf
b,fhES,fowfEdkifyghrvJ ... 'Doabmtwdkif;ygyJ ... usKyf&JYrdom;pkwpfpkvHk; touftE&m,f&SdaerSef; usKyfodyg
w,f ... 'gayr,fh b,fenf;eJYrS usKyf acgif;rndwfEdkifygbl; ... }}
[k NyHK; &Sif;jyonf/
&ufykcRefu acgif;udk cg,rf;vdkufNyD; ..
]]vQdKusufzkef; ... cifAsm;rSm;aeNyD ... cifAsm;u az;&efudk usKyfwdkY txufvrf;odkif;orm;awGeJY xyfwljyK
EdIif;,SOfvdkY b,fjzpfrvJ ... olu cifAsm;tBudKufudkvku
d fNyD; a>yav;rIwfvdkuf wl&d,mav;wD;jyvkdufwmeJY
cifAsm;taeeJY om;r,m;awGudk 'Davmufrypfy,foifhygbl; ... cifAsm;&JYcifrifrIudk olYtay: 'DavmufyHktyfvdkuf
wmvnf; roifhavsmfygbl; ... wu,fawmh cifAsm;u opmw&m;udk t"dym,faygufwm rSm;aeNyD ... }}
[k ukPma'gaomjzifh ajymvdkufawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;onf wpfcsufNyHK;um ..
]]&ufykcRef ... cifAsm;u pmaytaMumif;yJem;vnfwmyg ... aw;*DwtaMumif;em;rvnfygbl; ... 'gaMumifh
vnf; usKyfwdkY&JYqdkvdk&if;udk cifAsm; oabmraygufbJjzpfaewmyg? cifAsm; wpfckodxm;&rSmu pum;eJY pmayu
vdrfEdkifw,f ... nmEdkifw,f ... [efaqmifEdkifw,f ... aw;*Dwqdkwmu ESvHk;om;&JY toHAs ... b,fawmhrS
rvdrfEdkif ... rnmEdkif ... [efraqmifEdkifbl; ... usKyfeJY tpfudkBuD;az;&ef aygif;oif;wmu pdwfcsif;aygif;oif;
wmyJ ... 'gaMumifh usKyfu usKyfrdom;pkwpfpkvHk;eJY tmrcH&Jw,f ... tpfudkBuD;az;&efu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u
vljzpfayr,fh vHk;0rdkufrJdkif;pkdif;wJhpdwfrsdK;r&Sdbl;? 'gudk usKyf&JYESvHk;om;xJuudk odaewmygav ... }}
[k aMuuJGpGm &Sif;jyvkduf\/
&ufykcRefonf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum xifrif;ab;odkY avQmufoGm;vkdufonf/ avmifwuf? vdefvdefESifh
vkdkwdkY vlodkufuvnf; olwdkY\ q&maemufodkY vdkufoGm;Muawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
212
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onfvnf; av;vHaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh avQmufoGm;awmh\/

olr\[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onfvnf; olraemufrS twlwuG vkdufygoGm;Mu\/
az;ajymif;onf qufatmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]'Dudp[m vQdKusufzkef;&JY udpwpfckwnf;jzpfwht
J wGuf usefwJhcsHK;qef;*dkPf;om;awGeJY bmrSrywfowf
ygbl; ... csHK;qef;*dkPf;uvlawGvnf; vQdKusufzkef;eJYtwlwl tjypfay;rcHcsif&if vuf0Jbufudk avQmufvmMuyg
... }}
xdktcg csHK;qef;*dkPf;rSvltcsdKY avQmufxGufvmMu\/ olwdkYonf vQdKusufzkef;\ wynfh&if;rsm; r[kwfMu
acs/
az;ajymif;u qufatmfjyefonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef;&JY wynfh&if;awGvnf; ... b,fbufudkavQmufvmMu ... avQmufrvm&if vQdKusufzkef;eJY
twlwl tjypf'PfcH&r,f ... }}
xdktcg vQdKusufzkef;\wynfhBuD; wm;eif;u a'gowBuD; jyefatmfvkdufonf/
]]usKyfwdkYu q&mhaus;Zl;udk b,fawmhrSrarhEdkifbl; ... tck usKyfwdkYq&m 'kua&mufaewJhtcsdefrSm usKyfwdkYu
b,fvdkvkyfNyD; ab;uif;&efuif; oGm;&yfEdkifrvJ ... q&m'kua&mufaecsdefrmS usKyfwdkYu q&mhab;rSmyJ&yfr,f ...
aotwl&SifruGmbJ}}
wm;eif;\pum;rsm;onf vQdKusufzkef;\ESvHk;om;rsm;udk xdcdkufemusifoGm;awmhonf/ vQdKusufzkef;onf
wkef,ifaomvdIufvSJaomavoHjzifh ..
]]awmfygayw,f wm;eif; ... awmfygayw,f ... igwynfhawG&JYq&m jzpf&usdK;eyfygw,f ... rif;qDu
'Dpum;Mum;vdkuf&wmeJY q&maoaysmfygNyD ... 'gayr,fh 'Dudpu q&mhudpoufoufyg ... rif;wdkYtm;vHk;
[dkbufudkoGm;Muyg ... }}
[k aMuuGJpGm ajymvdkufonf/
ol\pum;rqHk;rDyif ol\'kwd,wynfhrDa0;onf "m;udk]&Trf;}ceJ qGJxkwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]usKyfwdkY q&mwynfhawG[m *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk ,SOfvdkYr&rSef; usKyfwdkYodaew,f ... 'DaeY cifAsm;wdkYu
usKyf&JYq&mudk owfzdkY BuHaeMuw,f r[kwfvm; ... usKyf raoao;oa&GY usKyfq&mudk cifAsm;wdkY owfvdkYr&bl;
... }}
[k &JY0HhpGm ajymvkdufawmh\/
xdyfoD;odkif;q&mBuD;rsm;onf vQdKusufzkef;\ *kPf,lEdkifavmufaom wynfhrsm;twGuf csD;usL;aom
rsufvHk;tpHkjzifh MunfhvkdufrdMuonf/
rDa0;onf "m;udkudkif olYq&ma&SYwGifum &yfxm;vdkufawmh\/ az;ajymif;onf rDa0;udk wpfcsufMunfh
vdkuf&if; rJhNyHK;NyHK;um vuf,rf;jyvkdufonf/ xdktcg ]&Trf;} ceJ toHwpfcsufMum;vdkuf&NyD; tyfacsmif;
wpfacsmif;onf vQyfwpfjyufa&muf&Sdvmawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;onf xdwfvefYoGm;NyD; rDa0;udk wGef;z,fypfvkduf\/
tyfacsmif;onf rDa0;udk vGJacsmfoGm;NyD; vQdKusufzkef;xHodkY pdkufvmawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;u rDa0;udk wGef;z,fvkdufonfhtcsdefESifh wpfNydKifwnf;vdkvdk wm;eif;u vQdKusufzkef;\a&SYodkY
0ifumvkdufawmh\/
olYxHr S]tm;} ceJ atmfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkufMu&awmh\/
vQdKY0Suftyfwpfacsmif;onf wm;eif;\&ifwnfhwnfh xdk;pdkufvsuf&SdaeacsNyDwum;?
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
213
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wm;eif;onf csufcsif;yif 0kef;ceJ vJusaoqHk;oGm;awmh\/

vQdKusufzkef;onf wm;eif;\tavmif;udk ayGY,lvdkufNyD; prf;oyfMunfhvkdufao;onf/ NyD;rS wif;csHK;bufodkY
vSnfh ...
]]wif;csHK; ... cifAsm;wdkY aumif;qef;*dkPf;u vlu usKyf&JYwynfhudk t&ifowfvdkufNyDaemf ... }}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
xdktcg wif;csHK;u ..
]][kwfw,f ... owfvdkufw,f ... cifAsm;u bmvkyfcsifvdkYvJ ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;onf wm;eif;\tavmif;udk wif;csHK;xHodkYypfaygufvdkuf\/ wif;csHK;u ol\twGif;tm;udk
xkwf tavmif;udk zrf;,l&efjyiffqifvdkufonf/ odkYaomf vQdKusufzkef;\vufonf kwfw&uf jyefvnf
kyfodrf;oGm;NyD; tavmif;udk az;ajymif;xHodkY ypfvkdufawmh\/
az;ajymif;onf kwfw&uf tidkufrdoGm;ojzifh ol\vufESpfzufudk a&SYwGif uysmu,mumxm;vkdufonf/
xdktcdkuf twefYtwGif;rSmyif olYcg; wpfcsufrQ xHkusOfoGm;onfudk cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/
taMumif;rSm vQdKusufzkef;onf tavmif;udk vSrf;ypfNyD;onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf ckef0ifvmum az;ajymif;\
taMumudk xdk;ydwfvdkufjcif;jzpfawmh\/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif az;ajymif;\vufwGi;f rS tzJGYcsKyftvHudk ,lvkdufNyD; nmvufu az;ajymif;\"m;udk
qJG,lvkdufum az;ajymif;\vnfyif;wGif wifxm;vkdufawmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
214
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usLyifckwf usLikwfrusef
vQKdusufzkef;onf wpfcsufwnf;ESifh az;ajymif;udk xdef;csKyfEdkifNyD;aemuf atmfajymvdkuf\/
]]wif;csHK; ... vkzm; ... cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufudk usKyfwpfck awmif;qdkcsifw,f ... }}
wif;csHK;wdkYESpfa,mufonf wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf MunfhrdMuNyD; olwdkY\pdwfxJwGif ..
]]az;ajymif;u olYvufxJrSm a&mufaeNyDqdkawmh olY&JYpum;udk em;axmifMu&awmhrSmyJ ... }} [k awG;vdkuf
rdMuonf/
wif;csHK;u ..
]]bmudk awmif;qdkrSmvJ ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u ..
]]usKyfwdkYrdom;pkeJY q&mwynfhawGtm;vHk; 'Dodkif;avmuuae xGufoGm;r,f ... az;&efeJYvnf; vHk;0rawGY
awmhbl; ... 'DwpfoufrSm ajrjyefYudk usKyfwdkY vHk;0jyefrvmawmhbl; ... }}
wif;csHK;onf awGa0oGm;um ..
]]'Dudpudkawmh usKyfwdkY*dkPf;csKyfBuD;eJY aqG;aEG;rSjzpfvdrfhr,f ... }}
[k ajymonf/
vQdKusufzkef;u
]]tck 'DrSmqdk&if xkdufqef;*dkPf;? 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrBuD;wdkY &SdaeMuNyDyJ ... aemufNyD;
0g&ifhq&mBuD;awGvnf; tm;vHk; 'DrSm&SdaeMuwmyJ ... olwdkY oufaovkyfEdkifygw,f ... }}
olu ajym&if; {nfhonftm;vHk;udk Munfhum ...
]]'Du aemifawmfBuD;tm;vHk;udk usKyf awmif;yefygw,f? usKyfwdkYro
d m;pkawGukd SmwmwJhtaeeJY usKyfajymwJh
twdkif; aqmif&Gufay;Muyg ... }}
[k awmif;awmif;yefyef ajymvkdufawmhonf/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf tjyifyef;tm;jzifhom rmausmNyD; twGif;pdwfoabmxm;url tvGef aysmhaysmif;
oljzpfonf/
a'goBuD;aomfvnf; pdwfoabmxm;aumif;oljzpf&m olru a&S;OD;pGm ajymvkdufawmhonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; aumif;wmyJ ... tm;vHk;vnf; rdwfrysufMubl; ... wif;csHK; ... olY&JY awmif;qdkcsufudk
ajrjyefYudk jyefrvmawmhbl;qdk&if 'Dudptm;vHk; jywfoGm;NyDyJ ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
215
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf vkzm;u at;pufpGmjzifh ajymvkduf\/

]]b,fjzpfEdkifrvJ ... usKyfwdkYu olY&JY awmif;qdkcsufudk vufcHvdkuf&if usKyfwdkYu olYudkaMumufvdkY
vufcHw,f jzpfoGm;rSmaygh ... olu usKyfwdkY*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufwnf;udkom csKyfudkifxm;wmyg ... }}
olu ol\*dkPf;om;rsm;bufodkY vSnfh trdefYay;vkduf\/
]]tm;vHk; toifhjyifxm;Mu ... }}
NyD;aemuf trdefYay;vkdufjyefonf/
]]SL;csL; ... rif;uyxr pvkduf ... }}
xdktcg vQdKusufzkef;\ om;aemufwGif&yfaeaom aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufu "m;udka&SYodkYxkwfNyD;
vQdKusufzkef;\om;udk axmufxm;vkdufawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;\om;rSmrl tHudkwif;wif;Budwfxm;NyD; cdkifrmaompdwf"mwf&SdaMumif; trlt&mtm;jzifh jyo
vsuf &Sdaeay\/
vkzm;u at;pufpGm ajymvkdufonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef; ... cifAsm;vufxJu tzJGYcsKyftvHeJY az;ajymif;udk csufcsif; usKyfwdkYvufxJvTJyg ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;onf &J&ifhwnfMunfaom rsufESmjzifh olYom;udkMunfhum ..
]]om;av; ... rif;ao&rSm aMumufaeovm; ... }}
]][ifh ... om;raMumufbl; ... 'Dvdk rw&m;tiftm;oHk;NyD; tusyfudkif tEdkifusifhwmrsdK;udk ykdraMumuf
ao;w,f}}
]]vdrmw,f ... ighom; vdrmw,f ... }}
xdkpOf vkzm;\toH ay:vmawmh\/ iSufqdk;xdk;oHES,fyifwnf;/
]]owfvkduf ... }}
SL;csL;u "m;jzifh xdk;pdkufvdkuf&m vQdKusufzkef;\om;onf yJGcsif;NyD; aoqHk;oGm;awmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;\ZeD;onf pl;pl;0g;0g;atmfum olrom;&Sd&modkY ckef0ifoGm;&m vkzm;u xyfatmfvkdufjyef
onf/
]]owf ... }}
xkdtcg SL;csL;onf "m;jzifh olr\aemufausmodkY xdk;pdkufvdkufjyefawmhonf/ ZeD;onfvnf; 0dOf
csKyfoGm;&jyefayNyD/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf tBuD;tus,fa'goxGufvmojzifh SL;csL;xHodkY ckef0ifoGm;NyD; vuf0g;apmif;jzifh
ckwfcsvdkufawmhonf/
wif;csHK;uvnf; csufcsif;ckef0ifoGm;um vuf0g;apmif;csif; kdufvkdufawmh\/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf SL;csL;udk ajcmufvSefYaomoabmjzifh vuf0g;apmif;dkufjcif;jzpf&m tm;ukef
xkwf kdufjcif;r[kwfay/ odkYaomf wif;csHK;url tm;xkwf ckcHvdkufjcif;jzpfojzifh wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;
taejzifh jyif;xefaom'Pf&mudk &&SdoGm;awmh\/
olr\&ifbwfwGif oHwlESifh xkESufvkdufouJhodkY jyif;xefaom 'Pfcsufwpfckudk cHvkduf&awmh\/
olr twGif;'Pf&m&oGm;rSef; odvdkuf&ojzifh olr\*dkPf;om;rsm;tm; vSnfh ajymvkdufawmh\/
]]igwdkY jyefMur,f ... }}
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;onf olr\ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifhtwl jyefoGm;awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
216
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcsdefwGif vkzm;\atmf[pftrdefYay;oH Mum;vkduf&NyD; vQdKusufzkef;\wynfhEpS fa,muf towfcHvkduf&

jyefonf/
xdkYaemuf vQdKusufzkef;\orD; towfcHvdkuf&jyefonf/
cef;rBuD;xJwGif odkif;orm;rsm; rsm;jym;pGm&SdaeMuaomfvnf; tm;vHk; NidrfoufwdwfqdwfpGm MunfhI
aeMuonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ... udponf odkif;avmu\ txufvrf;ESifh atmufvrf;*dkPf;wdY\
k &efNidK;ESifh
ywfoufaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/
wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;yifvQif 0ifpGufrdonfhtwGuf twGi;f 'Pf&m &&SdoGm;cJhNyD r[kwfygvm;/
xdkYjyif xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;ESifh 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;wdkYyif NidrfoufaeMuojzifh rnfonfhodki;f orm;onf
udp 0ifpGufzuf&Jawmhrnfenf;/
odkYjzifh aemufqHk;wGif vQdKusufzkef;\ om;ti,fqHk;wpfa,mufom usefawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;ESifh ywfouforQwdkY tm;vHk;vdkvdk aoqHk;cJhMu&NyD/
cef;rBuD;wpfckvHk; &J&JeDaomaoG;rsm; zHk;vTrf;cJh&avNyD/
vQdKusufzkef;\ om;ti,fqHk;rSm kyf&nfacsmarmvSaomfvnf; tenf;i,f aysmhnHh&Smonf/
vQdKusufzkef;\om;orD;rsm;teuf oowdtenf;qHk;aom om;i,fuav;jzpfonf/
olYudk a&SYxkwfvdkufaomtcg wpfudk,v
f Hk; wqwfqwfwkefvsuf &Sdaeawmh\/
vkzm;onf vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,f wkefvIyfaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg tcsufudk tjrwfxkwf&ef
pdwful;vkdufawmhonf/
olu ...
]]rif; ao&rSmaMumufovm; ... }}
om;i,fu acgif;ndwfjyonf/
vkzm;u ...
]]ao&rSmaMumuf&if ighukdawmif;yefvdkuf ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;u 0ifajymvkdufonf/
]]om;av; ... rif;a&SYrSmyJ rif;&JYtpfudk rif;&JYtpfr &J&J0Hh0Hh aooGm;Muwm om;av;jrifw,f r[kwfvm; ...
om;av;vlwdkif;vlwdkif; arG;zGm;vmcJh&ovdk wpfBudrfawmh ao&rSmyJ ... vlwdkif;awGY&r,fh aojcif;w&m;udk tck
om;av; awGY&wmyJ? bmrsm; aMumufp&m&SdovJ om; ... }}
]]'gayr,fh ... ol ... olwdkYu ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,fonf xpfxpfaighaigh jzpfae&mrS t&Sdef&oGm;[wfjzifh toHukdjrif kwfw&uf
ajymvdkufonf/
]]taz ... oabmwlvdkufyg taz ... [dk ... [dk ... az;&effqdkwJhvludk owfzdkY oabmwlvdkufyg taz ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;onf ,rf;yHkrD;us a'goxGufvmawmhojzifh pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufonf/
]]acG;rom; ... bmajymw,fuG ... ighaoG; wpfpufrS rygwJhaumif ... }}
q,fwif;u "m;jzifh xkdom;\ESmacgif;udk csdefxm;vdkufNyD; ..
]]a[haumif ... rif; rawmif;yefao;bl;vm;? rawmif;yef&ifawmh igu rif;&JYESmacgif;udk ckwfjzwfcsvdkuf
r,f ... uJ? wpf ... ESpf ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
217
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q,fwif;\yg;pyfrS ]oHk;} [l ratmfrDyif vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,fonf kwfw&uf 'l;axmufxdkifcs

vdkufNyD; ..
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vkzm;onf tvGefoabmusoGm;ojzifh olYwpfudk,fvHk;udkvIyfatmif &,faeawmhonf/ olonf
vQdKusufzkef;\ aysmhuGufudk eif;rdvdkufNyD r[kwfygavm/
vkzm;u ..
]]aumif;NyD ... rif;udk igrowfwmuawmh vG,fygw,f? rif;u 'DvlBuD;awGtm;vHk;a&SYrSm rif;taz
vQdKusufzkef;udk tjypfwif HIUcs&r,f ... 'grS rif;touf csrf;om&m&rSm ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,fonf wHawG;wpfcsufrsdKcsvdkufNyD; dI;i,faomrsufESmjzihf vQdKusufzkef;udk vSrf;
Munfhvdkuf\/
vQdKusufzkef;onf ol\orD;i,f aoqHk;onftxd &J&ifhwnfMunfcdkifrmpGm ausmufkyfBuD;ozG,f wnfNidrf
aecJhonf/
,cktcsdefrl olYudk,folxdef;odr;f &ef vHk;0rwwfEdkifawmhay? a'goaMumifh wpfudk,fvHk; wkef,ifvsuf
&Sdaeayawmhonf/
ol\om;i,fonf olYudk t&Suf&aeapNyD r[kwfygavm/
xdkpOf vkzm;u atmf ..
]]rif;taz raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;eJY aygif;wm aygif;oifhovm; ... raygif;oifhbl;vm; ... }}
]]raygif;oifh raygif;tyfwJh vleJY aygif;wJhtwGuf rif;tazudk owfoifhovm; ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,fonf acgif;iHkYvdkufonf/ rnfolonf udk,fhzcifudk owfoifhonf[k ajym&Jygrnf
enf;/ ol rajz&Jawmhojzifh acgif;udkom wGifwGifiHkYxm;awmh\/
vkzm;u ..
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q,fwif;u ..
]][kwfuJh ... }}
[k qdkum "m;udk wu,fckwfcsawmhrnfh[efESifh avxJodkY ajrmufwifvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,f\ wpfudk,fvHk;odkY taMumufw&m;rsm; ysHYESHYukefawmh\/
olYpdwfxJwGif zcifudkvnf; rjrifawmh/ wjcm; rnfolYudkrQvnf; rjrifawmh/
aojcif;udk aMumufvefYonfhpdwf"mwfu vTrf;rdk;aeawmhojzifh tvefYwMum; xpfxpfaighaighjzifh ajymvkduf
awmh\/
]][kwf ... [kwfuJh ... owf ... owfoifhygw,f ... }}
vkzm;u ..
]]aumif;NyD ... 'DaeYupNyD; rif;[m csHK;qef;*dkPf;om; r[kwfawmhbl; ... vQdKusufzkef;&JYom;vnf; r[kwf
awmhbl;? rif;[m raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJYywfoufNyD; rSefuefwJhtjrif rif;rSm&Sdw,f ... 'Dawmh rif;udk touf
csrf;omcGifh ay;vkdufNyD ... }}
vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,fonf ajrBuD;wGif 'l;axmufae&mrS jyefvnfrwfwwf&yfEdkifpGrf; r&Sdatmif jzpfae
awmh\/
ol\'l;rsm; aysmhacGaeayNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
218
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkif;orm;tm;vHk;rSm tcsif;t&mudk awGY&aomtcg vQdKusufzkef;\om;i,ftpm; &Sufrdonfhpdwfrsm;

wpfudk,fvHk; ysHYESHYvmMuojzifh xkdom;i,ftm; rMunfhcsifatmif jzpfvmMuawmh\/ tcsdKYrl xdkom;i,ftm;
rMunfhrdap&ef rsufESmvTJaevdkufMuawmh\/
zcift&if;acgufacgufjzpfaom vQdKusufzkef;tzdkYqdkvQif tb,fqzdk G,f&m &SdEdkifawmhtHhenf;/
vQdKusufzkef;onf oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsuf csvdkufum
]]vkzm; ... cifAsm;wdkY EdkifoGm;NyD ... }}
[k aMuuGJpGm ajymawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;onf xdkcPtwGif; awGYBuHK BuHKBudKuf&onfh pdwfyifyef;EGrf;&dzG,ftjzpfaMumifh csufcsif;vdkvkd
tdkpmoGm;awmhonf/
olonf tvHudk ypfay;vkduf&if; az;ajymif;udk b,fajcjzifh uefxw
k fypfvkdufawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;u wdk;Sif;aomavoHjzifh ..
]]'DaeYjzpf&wJhtjypfuawmh usKyf&JYtjypfeJY usKyfygyJ}}
[k ajymajymqdkqdk ol\vufwGif udik fxm;aom "m;jzifholYvnfyif;udk vSD;jzwfvkdufawmh\/
odkYaomf xkdtcsdeftwGif;rSmyif tuseuf0wfqifxm;aom vlwpfa,mufonf vQyfwpfjyuf ckef0ifvmNyD;
vQdKusufzkef;\vufudk qGJxm;vkduonf/ olu vQdKusufzkef;tm; ajymvdkuf\/
]]&efa<u; ... &efa<u; ... ay;acszkdYrarheJY ... oGm;MupdkY}}
xdkvlonf vQdKusufzkef;\vufudkqJG tjyifodkYxGufajy;oGm;awmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;onf tHhtm;BuD;oifhae&mrS vTwfceJ atmfvdkufrdawmhonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... az;&ef ... }}
tuseufjzifh kwfw&uf ckef0ifvmolum; raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;\ 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvf az;&ef jzpfaeacsonf
wum;/
az;&efESifh vQdKusufzkef;wdkYonf oHk;vSrf;cefYrQom ajy;&ao;onf/ wif;csHK;? vkzm;ESifh az;ajymif;wdkY
oHk;a,mufu vuf0g;ajcmufckjzifh az;&ef\aemufausmodkY tjyif;txefqHk;tiftm;udkoHk;um dkufcsvdkufMu
onf/
az;&efu tajctaeudk aumif;pGmoHk;oyfrdonf/
tu,f oluom tcsdef jyefvSnfhwdkufcdkufcJhvQif olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; aocsmayguf towfcH&
ayrnf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wif;csHK;? vkzm;ESifh az;ajymif;wdkYomru rsm;jym;vSpGmaom xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm;
ae&m pka0;a&muf&SdaeMuonf r[kwfygavm/
xdkYaMumifh az;&efonf jyefvnfwdkufcdkuf&ef pdwfrul;bJ ol\twGif;tm;udk pkpnf;vdkufNyD; awmifhcHvkduf
awmhonf/
bkef;ceJ dkufcwfrdoH Mum;vdkuf&NyD;onfESifh az;&efrSm a0ghceJ aoG;rsm;xdk;tefvdkufawmh\/
olonf csufcsif;yif olYvufudk aemufjyefwpfcsuf a0SY,rf;vdu
k f&m rnf;eufaom tyfacsmif;rsm;onf
rdk;oD;rdk;aygufyrm jyefYBuJoGm;awmh\/
wif;csHK;u pdk;&drfwBuD; atmf[pfowday;vdkufonf/
]]tqdyftyfacsmif;awG ... }}
olonfyif atmf&if;ajym&if; uref;uwef; ab;odkY ckefxGufa&Smifwdrf;vdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
219
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
cef;rxJ&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;onfvnf; tqdyftyfacsmif;[laom atmfoHMum;vkduf&onfESihf kwfkwfoJoJ

jzpfoGm;Mu&awmhonf/
tcsdKYrSm aMumufvefYwMum;xGufajy;a&Smifwdrf;Muonf/
rQ 0kef;oHk;um; jzpfaeMuojzifh tqdyftyfacsmif;rsm;udk tcsdKUodkif;orm;rsm;taejzifh ra&Smifwdrf;EdkifbJ
jzpfoGm;Mu&onf/
]tm;} ]atmifr,fav;} ponfh atmfoHrsm; b0*fnHonfhwdkif qlno
H Gm;Muawmhonf/
xdktcsdefwGif az;&efESifh vQdKusufzkef;wdkYrSm tdrfa*[mBuD;ESifh tvSrf;uGma0;onfht&yfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;Mu
avNyD/
______
vifh[lcsHK;\&if0rS 'Pf&monf touftE&m,feD;onftxd 'Pf&mjyif;xefcJhaomfvnf; [efqef;*dkPf;\

xufjrufvSaom tom;uyf tdk;qufvdr;f aq;aMumifh touftE&m,frS vGwfuif;cJh&onf/
xdkYjyif a&wHcGefab;wGif ESpf&ufESifh ESpfnrQ tem;,lvdkufaomtcg 'Pf&maumif;pGmusufoGm;awmhonf/
odkY tem;,laepOftwGif; tpm;taomuftwGuf axGaxGxl;xl; &SmazGjcif; rjyKMuay/
olwdkYESihf tvSrf;ruGmhwuGmwGif&Sdaom z&Jcif;BuD;onf olwdkY\&dumrsm;yif jzpfawmh\/
0rf;AdkufqmavmifvmonfESifh z&JoD;rsm; cJGpdwfpm;oHk;u tqmajzMuonf/
,aeYnae arSmifpysdK;tcsdefumv olwdkYESpfa,mufonf ausmufwHk;BuD;rsm;wGif rSDxdkifum tem;,l
aeMuonf/
jrufyifrsm;Mum;rS wvif;vif; wvufvuf rSdwfwkwfrSdwfwkwf ysHoef;aeaom ydk;pkef;MuL;uav;rsm;udk
MunfhaerdMuonf/
vif[lcsHK;u ..
]]nDrav; ... rif; ... ydk;pkef;MuL; taumifwpfaxmifavmuf zrf;zl;&JYvm; ... }}
]][ifhtif; ... tpfudkBuD;uvnf;BuHBuHzefzef ... zrf;&ifvnf; wpfaumifESpfaumif ... tvGefqHk;
q,faumifavmufawmh zrf;rSmaygh ... }}
]]at; ... nDrav; ... rzrf;zl;ayr,fh ig zrf;zl;w,fuG? ydk;pkef;MuL;taumif wpfaxmifausmfavmufudk zrf;
... Zmtdwfq,ftdwfxJudkxnfh ... tcef;xJrSm csdwfxm;vkdufawmh ... [m ... bmajymaumif;rvJ ... odyfMunfh
aumif;awmyJ ... }}
&Dvifonf vifh[lcsHK;\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg olr\pdwfxJwGif awG;aevkdufrdonf/
]]olu 'Davmuf jzpfuwwfqef; aewwfwJhvlyJ ... Zmtdwfq,ftdwfcsKyfzdkYqdkwm vG,fwm r[kwfbl; ...
ol b,fenf;eJYrS ZmtdwfawG csKyfrSmr[kwb
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vdefvdefyJ jzpf&r,f ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
220
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkY awG;vkdufrdjcif;aMumifh aumufumiifum ar;vkdufonf/

'Dydk;pkef;MuL;awGudk tpfudkBuD;&JYnDrav; vdefvdefu zrf;cdkif;wm r[kwfvm/ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf w[m;[m; &,farm&if; ..
]]rif; odyfawmfwmyJ ... vdefvdef zrf;cdkif;wmudk b,fhES,fvkyf odwmvJ ... odyftHhMop&maumif;w,f ... }}
[k ajymawmhonf/
&Dvifuvnf; ..
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avmufwJh ... uav;vnf; r[kwfbl; ... 'Davmufrsm;wJh ykd;pkef;MuL;awGudkzrf;zdkY tpfudkBuD;pdwfeJY tpfudkBuD;
udk,f b,fzrf;vdrfhrvJ ... 'Dawmh vdefvdefu zrf;cdkif;vdkYom jzpfrSmaygh ... }}
[k jyefajzvkduf\/
xdktcsdefwGif aumif;uif,HrS Mu,fysHwpfcku jzwfoef;oGm;onfudk awGYvkdufMu&onf/ &Dvifu ..
uRefr&JY *dkPfwltpfrawGu ajymw,f ... Mu,fa<uwmudk awGYvkdufwJhvlwpfa,muf[m cg;pnf;rSm
txHk;wpfxHk; xHk;NyD; wpfcsdefxJrSm udk,fvdk&mqkudkawmif;&if qkawmif;jynfhw,fvdkY ajymMuw,f ... tJ'Dpum;udk
tpfudkBuD; ,Hkovm;[if}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
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atmif igwdkYvufu jrefyghrvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ajyajymqdkqdkjzifh ol\cg;pnf;udk udkifxm;vkduf\/
&Dviftm; ..
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[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;aMumifh &Dvifuvnf; cg;pnf;ESpfpudk udkifxm;vdkufonf/
olru aumif;uifodkY armMunfhvsuf jzwfoef;a<uqif;vmrnfh Mu,fysHrsm;udk &SmazGvsuf&Sdaeonf/
twefMumaomtcg Mu,fysHwpfck jzwfoef;oGm;onf/
odkYaomf tcsdefwdkawmif;vGef;vS olr\cg;pnf;udk rxHk;vdkufEdkifay/ xHk; rNyD;ao;rD Mu,fysHrSm aysmuf
uG,foGm;cJhavNyD/
xdkYaMumifh xyfrHapmifhqdkif; MunfhIaeMujyefawmhonf/
onfwpfBudrfwGifawmh odyfrapmifhvdkufMu&ay/ Mu,fysHwpfckonf &Snfvsm;pGm ta&SYbufrS taemufbuf
odkY ysHoef;oGm;awmh\/
&Dvifonf vsifjrefpGm vIyf&Sm;vdkufjcif;jzifh olr\cg;pnf;wGif wpfxHk;jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ar;vkdufonf/
]][m ... rif;xHk;vdkY&oGm;NyD ... [ ... w,f[kwfygvm;? awmfw,f ... awmfw,f ... bmawGrsm; qkawmif;
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[k ajymrdawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
221
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf &Dvif\tjzpfudk w[m;[m;&,farm&if;

]]'Dvdkqdk&if rif; jrefjrefpOf;pm;vkdufaygh ... wpfckckpOf;pm;xm;NyD; jrefjref&Gwfvdkuf ... Mum;vm; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
&Dvifonf aemufwpfBudrf xHk;Edkif&ef tuscg;pnf;udk udkifxm;&if; pdwfxJwGif ...
]]ig bmukdqkawmif;&rSmygvdrfh ... bmudkqkawmif;vkduf&if aumif;rvJ ... }}
[k awG;&if; vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESmudk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;Munfhvdkufrdonf/
MunfhNyD;onfESifh olr\rsufESmwpfjyifvHk; eD&JoGm;awmhonf/
olr\acgif;udk uysmu,m vSnfhvkdurf d\/
&Dvif pdwfrsm; xdkuJhodkYaxGjym;aepOf aumif;uifxuf0,f Mu,frsm; wpfvHk;NyD;wpfvHk; a<uvsuf&Sdaeawmh
\/ vifh[lcsHK;u atmfvdkufonf/
]]aemufxyf Mu,fwpfvHk;a<uoGm;jyefNyDa[h ... 'Dwpfcga<uwJhMu,fu w,fMumygvm; ... tMumBuD;udk
a<uusaewmyJ ... nDrav; rif;qkawmif;vdkY rDvdkufovm; ... }}
&Dvif\pdwfxJwGif IyfaxG;ayGvdrfaeonf/ olr\pdwfxJ wpfpHkwpfckudk qkawmif;csifrd\/
odkYaomf wu,fhwu,f qkawmif;&rnfqkdaomtcgvnf; qkrawmif;&J/ tcufwumhtcufBuD;
BuHKae&Smawmhonf/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK; atmfvdkufjyefonf/
]]nDrav; ... bmawGai;aewmvJ ... jrefjrefqkawmif;vkdufav ... }}
&Dvifurl pdwfxJwGif wD;wdk;a&&Gwfaeawmhonf/
]]ig bmudkqkawmif;&rSmvJ ... ig bmudq
k kawmif;&rSmvJ ... }}
xdkpOf aemufxyf Mu,fwpfvHk; &Snfvsm;pGm a<uusaejyefonf/ &Dvifonf tvif;a&miftjrD;wef;vef;jzifh
a<uusoGm;aom Mu,fa<uudkom ai;armMunfhaerdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf NyHK;&,f ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... rajymeJY ... rajymeJY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ..
]]tHr,f ... bmta&;BuD;vdkYvJ ... 'gav; cefrSef;wmrsm;? igoHk;ckcefYrSef;r,f ... rif;pdwfxJrSm
qkawmif;wmeJY udkufovm;? rudkufbl;vm;qdkwm ajymaygh ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
&Dvifu rwfwwfx ajcaxmufuav;aqmifh&if;
]][if;aemf tpfukdBuD; ... aemufxyfajym&if uRefrxGufoGm;awmhr,f ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;url oabmusvGef;ojzifh w[m;[m;om &,farmaeawmhonf/ NyD;rS ..
]]aumif;ygNyD ... aumif;ygNyD ... ig rajymawmhygbl;? xdkifyg ... xdkifyg ... rif;ae&mrSmyJ jyefxdkifygawmh ...}}
[k ajymvkduf&awmh\/
xdkpOf [dkta0;qDrS BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfc\
k *DwoHonf avxJ0,f vl;vGefYvGifharsmvsuf vifh[lcsHK;wdY&k Sd&m
odkY vGifhysHvmawmh\/
wpfpHkwpfa,mufu wD;cwfvdkufjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;ESifh &DvifwdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfh&if; tvGeftHhMoaeMuawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
222
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;\pdwfxJwGif wlnDaom tawG;wpfckudk awG;vsuf&SdaeMuonf/

]]b,fhES,f 'Dvdk awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJrSm BudK;wyfwl&d,moHudk Mum;ae&wmvJ ... }}
xdkBudK;wyfwl&d,m\toHonf tvGefyifom,m Nidrfhanmif;vSonf/ Mum;vdkuf&olrSm rnfolrqdk xdk
vufoHwGif ,pfrl;&Da0oGm;&rnfjzpfonf/
twefMumaomtcg xdkBudK;wyfwl&d,mtoHrSm a>yoHwpfcku avvdIif;udk ,drf;EGJYpGm cdkpD;vmjyefaMumif;
vifh[lcsHK;a&m &DvifwdkYyg owdjyKvdkufrdMuonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u &Dviftm; ..
]]tck wD;MurIwfMuvkyfaewJh vlESpfa,muf[m b,folawGvJ rodbl; ... igwdkYESpfa,muf tomuav;
oGm;Munfh&atmif ... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf toHxGufay:vm&m t&yfodkY jznf;Sif;pGm csOf;uyfoGm;Muawmh\/
ausmufwk;H BuD;wpfwHk;\a&SYwGif vloHk;a,muf xdkifaeonfudk awGUvkdufMu&onf/
rIef0g;0g;jzpfaeojzifh rsufESmrsm;udk taotcsm rjrif&ay/
odkYaomf a,mufsm;ESpfa,mufESifh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf jzpfrSef;awmh odEdkifMuonf/
a,mufsm;ESpfa,mufpvHk; ausmufwHk;BuD;udk rSD xdkifaeonf/ wpfa,mufu BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfckudk
wD;cwfvsuf&SdaeNyD; wpfa,mufu a>yrIwfvsuf&Sdae\/
rdef;uav;rSmrl tenf;i,f t&yfykNyD; BudK;wyfwl&d,mwD;cwfol\ab;wGif&yfvsuf Munfhaeonf/
xdktoHESpfoH aygif;pyfvdkufaomtcg tvGefw&m em;axmifaumif;vSojzifh em;aMumpdrfhoGm;onf[k
ajym&rnfuJhokYd jzpfaeonf/
xdk*DwoHpOfESpfckwdkYonf wD;cwfaeolESifh a>yrIwfaeolwdkY\ cHpm;csufrsm;udk &ifzGifhjyaeonfhtvm;
xifrSwfae&awmh\/
xdkpOf *DwoHpOfESpfckwdkYonf aysmhaysmif;Nidrfhanmif;pGm vl;vGefYvIyf&Sm;ae&mrS kwfw&uf pl;&Sjyif;xef
vmawmhonf/
ppfwyfBuD;rsm;onf vdIif;vHk;BuD;rsm;ES,f csDwufvIyf&Sm;vmonf[k pdwfxJwGif xifa,mifjrifa,mif jzpf
vmonftxd oHpOfrsm; Murf;wrf;vmawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;yif xkdoHpOfrsm;udk em;axmif&if; ckefcsifaygufcsif
Murf;csif&rf;csifpdwf aygufvm\/
xdkpOf aw;oGm;onf kwfw&uf csufcsif;ajymif;vJoGm; jyefawmh\/
onfwpfBudrfawmh aqG;ajrYaMuuGJpGm idka<u;aeouJhodkY rSwfxif&jyefawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf idkcsifpdwfaygufvmojzifh &Dvifudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufrdonf/
xdktcg rsuf&nfaygufaygufusvsuf ikdaeaom&DvifudkawGY&ojzifh vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\ usvkvkrsuf&nf
rsm;udk BudK;pm;odrf;qnf;vdkuf&awmh\/
xdkpOf kwfw&uf ]xef;} ceJ us,favmifaomtoHwpfcsufMum;vkduf&NyD; aw;oHtm;vHk; wdwfqdwf
Nidrfouf oGm;awmh\/ vlESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufu ...
]]nDav; ... rif;eJY igeJYawmh 'DrSmyJ toufqHk;Mu&awmhr,f ... igtoufqHk;IH;&wJhtwGuf 0rf;renf;ygbl;
... nDav;&,f ... ighaMumifh rif;wdkY wpftdrfom;vHk; 'kua&mufcJhMu&wmudk ig vHk;0pdwfraumif;bl; ... ig[m
wu,fhj*dK[faumifyJ nDav; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
223
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usefwpfa,mufu ..
]]uRefawmfet
JY pfudkBuD;[m pdwfeJYaygif;MuwmyJ ... ESvHk;om;csif; em;vnfaewJh vltcsif;csif; 'Dvdkpum;rsdK;
ajymzdkY rvdkygbl; ... }}
&Dvifonf xdkol\toHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkefvIyfoGm;awmhonf/ olru vifh[lcsHK;tm; wD;wdk;
ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'g[m q&mBuD; vQdKusufzkef;&JYtoHyJ}}
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf vQdKusufzkef;\a*[m jzpfysufcJhonfrsm;udk vHk;0rod&Sdojzifh ,ckvdk q&mBuD;
ESpfa,muf ajymqdkaeonfph um;rsm;udk vHk;0em;rvnfEdkifatmif jzpfaeawmhonf/ tvGefw&mvnf; tHhMoaerd
\/
xdkpOf vQdKusufzkef;u ..
]]vlwdkif; wpfaeYao&rSmyJ tpfudkBuD;&,f ... r&Paorif;[m vlawGeJY wpfoufrSm wpfBudrfawmh awGYqHk&
pNrJygyJ? bmrS pdk;&drfp&mrvdkygbl; ... ta&;BuD;wmu raocif udk,feJYpdwfwludk,fwl&SdwJh rdwfaqGwpfa,muf
&SdvdkufzdkYygyJ ... tck uRefawmhfrSm tpfudkBuD;vdk rdwfaqGwpfa,muf&vdkufNyDyJ ... uRefawmfawmh aoaysmfygNyD ...}}
usefvlwpfa,mufu ...
]]nDav;&JY pdwfoabmudk zGifhajymaezdkY rvdkygbl; nDav;&m ... tck nDav;jyKrlcJhwJh tjyKtrlu
rdwfaqGaumif;wpfa,muf[m aqGrsdK;wpf&mxuf wefzkd;&Sdw,fqdkwJhpum;udk twnfjyKvdkufovdkygyJ ...
ighaMumifh rif;tifrwefcspfvSwJh ZeD;? om;orD;awG&JY toufudk qHk;IH;cHcJhw,faemf ... 'gayr,fh nDav;&Jha>yoH
xJrSm a'gooHenf;enf;ygaew,f ... nDav;&JY ti,fqHk;om;av;twGuf a'gojzpfaeovm; ...}}
vQdKusufzkef;onf oufjyif;csvdkufum ..
]]tpfudkBuD;xifwm rSefygw,f ... 'Duav;udk odyftvdkvdkufchrJ dvdkY tckvdkjzpfcJh&wmyg ... }}
[k jyefajzvdkufonf/
vQdKusufzkef;ESifh tjyeftvSef pum;ajymqdkaeaom yk*dKvfrSm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;\ 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvf
wpfOD;jzpfaom az;&efyif jzpfonf/
olu ..
]]nDav; ... nDav;&JY om;axG;av;twGuf bmrS pdwfa'gojzpfraeygeJY ... ol&JabmaMumifwmyJjzpfjzpf?
owd&SdwmyJjzpfjzpf aemufESpfwpf&mqdk&if tm;vHk; ajrBuD;xJa&mufukefrSmcsnf;yJ ... tJ'Dawmh bmxl;OD;rSmvJ ...}}
vQdKusufzkef;onf vHk;0wdwfqdwf NidrfoufoGm;onf/
twefMumaomtcgrS ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD;&JY aemufausmrSm &vdkufwJh'Pf&mu ESvHk;aMumudk xdcdkufrdoGm;ovm; ... }}
[k ar;vkdufonf/
az;&efu ..
]]aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JY vuf0g;apmif;u w,fjyif;wmudk;? ighudk,fuwpfqifh rif;qD ul;pufxdcdkufoGm;w,f
qdkuwnf;u b,favmufjyif;xefw,fqdkwm odEdkifwmyJuG,f ... 'DvdkrSef;od&if igu [dktqdyftyfacsmif;
awGudk rypfawmhygbl; ... aemufxyf toufawG tv[qHk;vdkuf&w,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;awmh\/
]]q&mBuD; vQdKusufzkef;u b,fhES,f tqdyfvufeufoHk;wJhvleJY aygif;ae&wmvJ ... 'Dvl[m raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;u vlrsm;vm;awmh rodbl; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
224
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vQdKusufzkef;u NyHK; ...

]]NyD;wmawG NyD;ygapawmh ... jyefawG;&if pdwfraumif;Hk;yJ &SdawmhrSmyg ... bmrSvnf; tusdK;xl;rSm r[kwf
awmhbl; ... tck uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,muf aemufxyfwpfyk'favmuf wD;rIwfMu&atmif ... 'DaeY[m uRefawmfhtzdkY
vlYavmuBuD;xJrSm aemufqHk;aevkduf&wJh&uf r[kwfvm; ... 'Dawmh aemufxyfigha>yoHeJYtwl BudK;wyfwl&d,m
wD;rIwfoHawGudk b,fawmhrS Mum;EdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl; ... }}
az;&efu oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsufcsum ..
]]uJ ... tck igwdkYESpfa,muf&JY taumif;qHk;vuf&mjzpfwJh ]odkif;avmu&Jhpdefac:oH}udk wD;rIwfMupdkY ... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmhonf/
vQdKusufzkef;u ..
]]tpfudkBuD;az;az;twGuf pdwfylyefaeovm; ... }}
&Dvif\&ifxJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmh\/
]]aMomf ... oluav;u az;az;yJu;dk ... }}
wu,fyif az;az;yifwnf;/ olr\toHuav;udk vifh[lcsHK;wdkY Mum;vkdufMu&onf/
]]bdk;bdk; ... bmrS pdk;&drfraeMuygeJY ... bkd;bdk;eJY bbvQdKusufzkef;wdkY'Pf&m aysmufoGm;rSmyg ... az;az;wdkY
'Dtwdkif;b,faervJ ... aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; aumif;qef;*dkPf;udkoGm;NyD; [dkvlqdk;awGudk wpfa,mufNyD;
wpfa,muf owfypfr,f}}
xdkpOf ausmufwHk;BuD;aemufuG,frS us,favmifpGm &,fvdkufonfh &,foHBuD;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
xdk&,foH rqHk;rDyif ausmufwHk;aemufrS vlwpfa,mufckefxGuv
f mawmhonf/
vufxJwGif "m;wpfacsmif; udkifxm;\/ xdkvlum; aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS az;ajymif;wnf;/
az;ajymif;onf at;pufpGm &,fvkdufNyD; ..
]]'Daumifrav;u wu,ftajymBuD;ygvm; ... igwdkY&JYaumif;qef;*dkPf;om;awGudk wpfa,mufNyD;
wpfa,muf owfypfr,fwJh ... igwdkYvufcsufeJY eifhtbdk; b,fvdkjzpfaeovJqdkwm}}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;u rwfwwf&yfvdkufNyD; ..
]]az;ajymif; ... cifAsm;[m usKyf&Jhwpftdrfom;vHk;udk &uf&ufpufpuf owfypfNyD;NyD ... tckvnf; usKyfwdkY
ESpfa,mufpvHk; aoMu&awmhr,f ... 'gawmif cifAsm;u rauseyfao;bl;vm; ... bmvdkcsifao;vdkYvJ ...}}
[k wnfNidrfat;aq;pGm ar;vdkufawmh\/
az;ajymif;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ..
]]'Daumifrav;u usKyfwdkY aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk owfr,fvdkYajymw,fr[kwfvm; ... 'Dawmh
usKyfuvnf; tm;vH;k udk tjrpfygrusef owf&awmhrSmaygh ... }}
&Dvifonf vifh[lcsHK;tm; avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; az;az;eJY olY&JYbdk;bdk;[m tpfudkBuD;udk u,fcJhwJhvlawGyJ ... uRefrwdkY olwdkYudku,f&r,f ...
b,fvdku,fMurvJ[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf olr pum;rajymcifuwnf;u rnfodkYu,fwif&rnfudk pOf;pm;aeavNyD/
odkYaomf wpfcsufpOf;pm;&onfrSm az;ajymif;onf aumif;qef;*dkPf;\ xdyfoD;odkif;orm;jzpf rdrd 'Pf&m
r&&SdvQifyif olYudk,SOfEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwaf cs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
225
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ck rdrdrSm 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f &&Sdxm;cJhavNyD/

xdkpOf vQdKusufzkef;u cufxefpGm ajymvkdufawmhonf/
]]az;ajymif; ... rif;u odkif;avmurSm emrnf&SdwJhvlyJ? rif;taeeJY igwdkYESpfa,mufudk owfcsifowfvdkuf ...
'Duav;rav;udkawmh tEdkifrusifhoifhbl; ... 'gt&ifhtrm odkif;orm;awG&JY tvkyfr[kwfbl; ... }}
odkYaomf az;az;rSm i,fG,fEkysdKoluav; jzpfaomfvnf; pdwf"mwftvGefrmaMumoluav;jzpf\/
olronf xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg olr\bdk;bdk;teD;odkY ydk wdk;uyfoGm;awmhonf/
ae&mrS xGufajy;vdrfhrnf r[kwfaMumif; jyovdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/
xdkYjyif olr\"m;udk qJGxkwfum atmfvu
dk fonf/
]]vmyg ... owfcsif&ifvmcJhyg ... uRefr ao&rSmraMumufbl; ... uRefrbdk;bdk;eJYtwl aojyr,f ... }}
az;ajymif;onf az;az;"m;qJGxkwfvdkuo
f nfudkMunfhNyD; tvGefoabmusoGm;awmh\/ olu&,fvdkuf&if;...
]]eifu ighudkawmif t&ifwdkufcdkufzdkY BudK;pm;aewmudk; 'Dvdkrdef;uav;rsdK;u apmfum;aewmudk igu
vufydkufNyD; iHkYcHaevdkY awmfyghrvm; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
vQdKusufzkef;\ az;az; vufudkqJG ..
]]az;az; ... oGm;prf; ... jrefjrefoGm;prf; ... 'Daumifhudk ig wm;xm;r,f ... }}
[k atmfvdkufawmh\/
odkYaomf olYrSm ESvHk;aMumudk xdcdkufcHxm;&onfjzpf vHk;0 twGif;tm; rxkwfEdkifawmhay/
xdkYaMumifh az;az;onf vQdKusufzkef;\vufxJrS tvG,fwul kef;xGufEdkifvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif az;ajymif;\"m;onf jyefvnfckcHvdkufonf/
odkYaomf tiftm;csif;? ynmcsif; vHk;0r,SOfomojzifh olr\"m;rSm vGifhxGufoGm;&NyD; az;ajymif;\"m;zsm;
u olr\vnfrsdKudk xdk;csdefvdkufawmh\/
az;ajymif;onf w[J[J&,farm&if; ...
]]az;&ef ... tck usKyfu cifAsm;&JYajr;rav;&JY b,fbufrsufvk;H udk t&ifazmufr,f ... aemufrS
em;wpfbufukjd zwfr,f ... aemuf nmbufrsufvk;H ... }}
olYpum;rqHk;ao;rDyif az;az;onf kwfw&uf a&SYodkYckefwdk;vkdufNyD; olr\vnfrsdKudk "m;oGm;xdk;pdkufomG ;
atmif jyKvkyfvkdufonf/
az;ajymif;u ol\"m;udk vsifjrefpGm aemufqkwfvkdufNyD; az;az;\taMumudk xdk;ydwfvkduaf wmh\/
az;ajymif;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...
]]'DavmufvG,fvG,fuav;eJY aocsifvkYb
d ,f&rvJ ... eif cufcufcJcJ aoap&r,f ... }}
[k ajym&if; az;az;\ b,fbufrsufvk;H udk xdk;azmuf&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/
xdktcdkuf ..
]]aeOD; ... }}
ol\aemufbufrS xdktoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg az;ajymif;onf tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;NyD;
pdwfxJ ua,mifacsmufcsm; awG;vkdufrdawmh\/
]]tvdk ... ighaemufudk b,fvdka&mufvmwmygvdrfh ... bmajcoHrSvnf; rMum;&ygvm; ... wefawmh ... }}
trSefpifppf vifh[lcsHK;wdkYESpfa,mufrSm ausmufwHk;BuD;\aemufwGif tapmBuD;uwnf;u a&mufaecJhMujcif;
jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
226
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tcsufudk az;ajymif; vHk;0rodacs/

xdkYaMumifh vloHMum;vkdufonfESifh olYxHodkY tE&m,fkwfw&uf usa&mufvmjcif;r&Sdap&ef "m;jzifh olYudk,f
udk umuG,fxm;vkdufawmh\/
xdktcg olYaemufwGif aoG;r&Sd? jzLa&mfa&mfrsufESmjzifh rwfwwf&yfaeaom vli,fwpfa,muf cg;axmuf&yf
aeaMumif; awGY&awmhonf/
az;ajymif;u ...
]]a[haumif ... rif;u b,folvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]uRefawmfu 0gqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsHK;yg ... q&mBuD;udk *g&0jyKygw,f ... }}
[k ajym&if; az;ajymif;tm; OD;nTwftdktaowpfcsufay;vkdufonf/ az;ajymif;u acgif;wpfcsufndwf
vdkufNyD; ...
]]aMomf ... rif;u aemifBuD;&ufykcRef&JY wynfhBuD;udk;? b,fhES,frif;u 'Dudka&mufae&wmvJ ... bmvmvkyf
aewmvJ}}
[k ar;vkduf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]uRefawmfu ... csif;csef*kdPf;uvl&Yv
J ufcsufaMumifh 'Pf&mtBuD;tus,f&cJhygw,f ... 'D'Pf&m
aysmufatmif 'DrSmvmukae&wmyg ... }}
az;ajymif;onf kwfw&uf tBuH&oGm;[efjzifh ..
]]rif;vmwmeJY tawmfyJ ... ig owfvdkY tjzpfbl; ... ig owfvdkuf&if vlBuD;u uav;udk tEdkifusifhovdk
jzpfaer,f? rif; olYudk owfvkdufprf; ... }}
[k ajymvkduf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;udk cg,rf; ...
]]'Duav;rav;uvnf; uRefawmfeJY,SOf&if vlBuD;eJYuav;yJ&Sdygao;w,f ... uRefawmf owfvdkuf&ifvnf;
odkif;avmuuvlawGu uRefawmfhudk tjypfwifMuawmhrSmygyJ ... vlBuD;uuav;udk &uf&ufpufpuf tEdkifusifh
w,fvdkY ... aemufNyD; tck q&mBuD;az;&efeJY q&mBuD;vQdKusufzkef;wdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; 'Pf&mjyif;jyif;xefxef
&xm;w,f ... olwdkYa&SYrSm uav;rav;wpfa,mufudk tEdkifusifhwm odkif;orm;aumif;wpfa,muf ryDoygbl;?
'Dvdkodrfzsif;wJhtvkyfrsdK;udk uRefawmfwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;u b,fawmhrS vkyfavhvkyfx r&Sdygbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;rSm &Sif;\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;onf udprsm;udkrvkyf/ tb,faMumifh[lrl odumusjzpf
onf/
tu,f aumif;qef;*dkPf;u jyKvkyfrdvQifvnf; odumus&ayvdrfhrnf/
az;ajymif;\rsufESmwGif aoG;qmaomt&dyfta,mifrsm; ay:vmawmh\/
ol\&ufpufaom rsufvHk;rsm;uvnf; aorif;\tcsufay;oHudk &vkdufonfhES,f awmufajymif 0if;vuf
vmonf/
]]vufpowfawmh rif;uvnf; raumif;qdk0g;*dkPf;om;awGeJY aygif;NyD;NyDudk; ... [kwfNyD ... [kwfNyD ... ig
owd&NyD ... 'gaMumifhrdkY apmapmwkef;u vQdKusufzkef;u ajymcJhwmudk; ... rif;udk [dkraumif;qdk;0g;aumifBuD;
az;&efu u,fvkdufwmvdkY? tif; ... awmfawmfuav; aMumufp&maumif;yguvm; ... rif;vdk txufvrf;
*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufu 'Davmuf jrefjrefraumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;buf a&mufoGm;r,fvdkY ig rxifrdbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
227
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
az;ajymif;\"m;onf vlYaoG;aomufawmhrnfhES,f wvIyfvIyf w&rf;&rf; jzpfaeawmh\/

olY"m;onf vifh[lcsHK;tm; tcsdefra&G; xdk;pdkufvmEdkifayonf/
vQdKusufzkef;onf az;ajymif;\ &ufpufaom pdwfxm;udk aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;oljzpfojzifh vifh[lcsHK;tm; ..
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... 'Dudpu rif;eJY bmrSrqdkifygbl; ... rif;0ifrpGufygeJY ... pGufp&mvnf; rvdkygbl; ... 'Dae&m
u jrefjrefxGuo
f Gm;prf;yg ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf w[m;[m;&,f&if; ajymvkduf\/
]]OD;av; ... uRefawmfwdkYu vlomrefawG r[kwfMuygbl;? omreft&yfom;awG r[kwfMuygbl; ... odkif;
orm;awGyg ... uRefawmfwdkYodkif;orm;awG[m opm&Sdw,f ... ajzmifhrwfrSefuefw,f ... raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;
om;awGeJY qefYusifw,fvdkY vla&SYolYa&SYrSm *kPf,lNyD;ajymMuw,f ... uRefawmfwdkY&JY tusifhodumvdkY aMunmw,f
... tck 'Dpum;[m b,frSmvJ ... 'Pf&m&aewJh vlwpfa,mufudk tEdkifusifhwm ... tm;EGJYwJhrdef;uav;
wpfa,mufudk owfypfwm ... 'gawG[m uRefawmfwdkY txufvrf;odkif;orm;awG&JY tusifhodumvm; ... 'Dvdkqdk
... uRefawmfwdkY txufvrf;odkif;orm;awGu ... atmufvrf; raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;om; awGeJY bmxl;awmhrSmvJ
... }}
um; vifh[cl sHK;\ pdwf&if;yif jzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf olwpfyg;udk MuifemwwfNyD; ulnDaompdwf&Sdol jzpfonf/
tcsnf;tESD; <um;0g*kPf,lrIrsdK;udk vdkcsifwyfrufol r[kwfay? az;&efu oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;ajymwJhtjyKtrlrsdK;udk igwdkY*dkPf;uvnf;rvkyfygbl; ... 'gawmh,Hkyg? uJ uJ ... rif;vnf;
oGm;ygawmh? olwdkYaumif;qef;*dkPf; vkyfcsifwmvkyfygap ... }} [k ajymvdkufonf/
]][ifhtif; ... uRefawmfu ydkawmifroGm;ao;w,f ... uRefawmfu 'DrSm wrif&yfMunfhaewm ... odkif;
avmurSm tifrwefemrnfBuD;aewJh aumif;qef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;az;ajymif;u vlpGrf;aumif;trltusifhawG
b,fvdkjyrvJvdkY apmifhMunfhaewm ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf pum;qHk;onfESihf opfyifudkrSD vufydkufumpdrfajyeajy apmifhMunfhaeawmh\/
az;ajymif;\ vlowfcsifonfh pdwf"mwfrsm;onf tvQHwnD;nD; rD;awmufrsm;ES,f xdk;xGufvsuf&Sdvmay
NyD/ olu pOf;vJaomtNyHK;jzifh ..
]]rif;u ighudk pum;eJYxdef;Edkifr,fvdkY xifaeovm; ... tJ'Dvdk tdyfruf rufraeeJY ... 'DoHk;a,mufudk
owfvnf; owfwmyJ ... av;a,mufudk owfwmvnf; owfwmyJ}} [k ajym&if; a&SYodkY wpfvSrf;wuf
vmonf/
olu vifh[lcsHK; 'Pf&m&xm;rSef;odaomfvnf; 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;\ wynfhBuD;wpfa,mufjzpf odkif;
ynm acvSrnfr[kwfaMumif; od&Sdxm;onf/
tu,f vifh[lcsHK;om vGwfajrmufxGufajy;oGm;vQifawm rdrd\odumtm;vHk;usHkrQru 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh
aumif;qef;*dkPf;wdkYvnf; aoG;ajrusvufpm;acsyJGBuD;rsm; qifETJ&ayawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh ,ckuwnf;u
vifh[lcsHK;udkEIwfydwf&ef BuHG,fvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf [efudk,fhzdkY rmefolYzdkYpum;twdkif; *krpdkuf[ef? tav;rxm;[ef aqmifae&aomfvnf;
udk,fhtajctaeud,
k fodxm;oljzpf pdwfat;vSonf r[kwfacs/
xdkpOf az;ajymif;\rsufESm aumufuspfaomtBuHudk awGYvkduf&aomtcg xdwfceJYjzpfoGm;awmh\/
odkYaomf ... olYrsufESmwGif vHk;0rsufESmrysufap&ef BudK;pm;[efaqmifxm;NyD; tusOf;tusyfrS vGwf&ef
rnfodkYrnfyHk aqmif&Guf&rnfudk tBuHxkwfaerd/ NyD;rS ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
228
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mBuD;u ... uRefawmfhudkEIwfydwfzdkY pdwful;aew,f r[kwfvm;}} [k ar;vkdufawmh\/

az;ajymif;u ..
]]at; ... [kwfw,f? rif;awmfw,f ... }}
az;ajymif;onf ajym&if; a&SYodkY wpfvSrf;wufvmjyef\/
xdkpOf i,f&G,fEkysdKaom r,foDv&Sifwpfyg; avQmufxGufvmawmh\/ olru ..
]]q&mBuD; ... tck q&mBuD;u raumif;rSludk pdwfeJYomusL;vGefao;wmyg ... um,uHajrmuf rusL;vGef&
ao;ygbl; ... um,uHa&m raemuHa&m aygif;NyD;usL;vGefvdkuf&ifawmh q&mBuD;tzdkY wrvGefb0twGuf
raumif;Edkifawmhygbl; ... tcktcsdefrSm aemufqkwfzdkY tcsdefrDygao;w,f ... aemufqkwfvdkufyg q&mBuD; ... }}
odkY ajymvdkufolrSm &Dvifjzpfonf/ &Dviftm; ausmufwHk;aemufuG,fwGif ykef;ae&efESifh tjyif rnfodkY
jzpfysufaeae xGufrvm&ef vifh[lcsHK;u rSmMum;xm;cJhNyD;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf ... ,ck vifh[lcsHK; tE&m,fESifh awGYBuHKae&aomtcg olrtzdkY rnfodkYrQ qufvufykef;uG,f&ef
rwwfEdkifawmhbJ ausmufwHk;tjyifodkY xGuv
f mNyD; odkY ajymvkdujf cif;jzpf\/
az;ajymif;onfvnf; &Dvif\pum;aMumifh xdwfceJY jzpfoGm;\/
olu csufcsif; jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]rif;u ... [efqef;*dkPf;ur[kwfvm; ... bmjzpfvdkY 'DrSm cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf vmykef;ae&wmvJ ... }}
&Dvif\rsufESm &SufaoG;wpfcsuf vTrf;oGm;NyD; ..
]]uRefr ... uRefr ... }}
olr\pum;udk qHk;atmifqufrajymEdkifbJ jzpfaeawmh\/
az;az;onf taMumydwfcHxm;&ojzifh ajrBuD;ay:wGif rvIyfr,Sufjzpfaeonf/ odkYaomf EIwfuawmh
atmf[pfajymqdkEdkifao;ojzifh ..
]]rr&Dvif ... uRefr tapmBuD;uwnf;u xifom;yJ? tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK;&Sd&if rrvnf; &SdaerSmyJvdkY ...
rru tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK;&JY'Pf&mudk aysmufuif;oGm;atmif wu,fyJukEdkifcJhwmudk; ... 'g ... 'gayr,fh tck
uRefrwdkYtm;vHk; ao&awmhr,f}} [k vSrf;atmfajymvdkufonf/
&Dvifonf acgif;udk cg,rf; ..
]]rjzpfEdkifygbl; ... q&mBuD;az;ajymif;qdkwmu odkif;avmurSm emrnfBuD; vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;wpfa,mufyJ
... 'Pf&m&aewJhvlawGeJY rif;vdkuav;wpfa,mufudk owfr,fqkdwm b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEkdifygbl; ... }}
&Dvifonf ... pdwf&if;jzLpifoluav;jzpf olr\pdwfoabmESifhEIdif;um ajymvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/
vlwdkY\ aumufuspf,kwfrm&ufpufrIwdkYudk odyfem;vnfvSonfawmh r[kwfacs/
odkYaomf ... az;ajymif;tzdkYrl olr\pum;rsm;onf olYtm;oa&mfovdkvdk? ceJYovdkvdk pum;rsdK;jzpfaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh olu pOf;pm;vkdufonf/
]]'DaeYawmh rxl;awmhbl; ... vkyfvufpeJY tm;vHk;udk tjywf&Sif;ypfvdkufwmat;w,f ... olwdkYxJu
wpfa,mufa,mufom vGwfoGm;vdkYuawmh ighodumudk tzwfq,fvdkYr&atmif usoGm;vdrfhr,f ... }}
xdktawG;aMumifh az;ajymif;onf &Dviftm; "m;ESifhxdk;csdefvdkufawmh\/
]]rif;u 'Pf&mvnf;r&bl; ... uav;vnf;r[kwfawmh igowfvdkY odumrusEdkifbl; ... 'Dawmh rif; bk&m;
w&m;om wayawmh ... }}
&Dvifu atmf ..
]]tdk ... uRefr ... uRefrudk q&mBuD;u bmjzpfvkdY owf&rSmvJ ... uRefrrSm bmtjypf&SdvdkYvJ ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
229
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
az;ajymif;u ..
]]bmtjypf&d&S rSmvJ ... raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJY aygif;wm[m tjypfyJ ... 'gaMumifh rif;ukd t&Sifxm;vdkY rjzpf
awmhbl;}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh "m;ESifh xdk;&efjyifvdu
k fpOf vifh[lcsHK;u &Dvif\a&SYwGif umxm;vkdufawmh\/
xdkYjyif EIwfrSvnf; atmf[pfowday;vkdufonf/
]]nDrav; ... jrefjrefajy;prf;? rif; q&mrudk jrefjrefoGm;ac:cJhprf; ... }}
pum;udk vifh[lcsHK;u jzD;jzef; ajymvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/ az;ajymif; kwfw&uf wHkYqdkif;oGm;ap&ef
omjzpfonf/
uJhodkY awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJ wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;xHodkY csufcsif;a&muf&Sd&efqdkonfrSm vHk;0rjzpfEdkif
aom udpwpf&yfomwnf;/
xdkYjyif aemufwpfaMumif;rSm wifh&Dr,foDv&SifBuD;udk oGm;ac:cdkif;jcif;jzifh &Dvif\touftE&m,f
vGwfajrmufap&ef xGufayguf&Smay;vdkufjcif;omjzpf\/
xdktcsdefwGif az;ajymif;u pwifwdkufcdkufvkduo
f nf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm oDoDuav; vGwfoGm;cJh&\/
&Dvifonf xdktajctaeqdk;udk awGY&aomtcg vHk;0xGufajy;&efpdwfrul;awmhbJ olr\"m;usdK;udk qJGxkwf
um az;ajymif;tm; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufawmh\/
olru wdkufcdkuf&if; atmfvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;rSm 'Pf&m&xm;w,f ... aemufqkwfvdkuf}}
az;ajymif;u w[m;[m;&,f ...
]]'Dr,f ... r,foDv&Sifuav;u vl0wfaMumifpdwf0ifaeNyDyJ ... omoemh0efxrf;pdwfr&Sdawmhbl; ... {uE
vifh[lcsHK;ukyfacsmawmh vifh[lcsHK;udk oabmusaeNyDeJYwlw,f}} [k ajym&if; &DvifudkvSnfh wdkufcu
dk fawmh\/
&Dvif\odkif;ynmESifh az;ajymif;\odkif;ynmrSm jrif;rdk&fawmifESifhqD;aphyrm uGmjcm;onf/
xkdw'*FtwGif;rSmyif olYtwGuf touftE&m,fqHk;IH;awmhrnfh tajcodkY qdkufa&mufcJh&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; rnfonfhtBuHrQ rxkww
f wfawmh/ pdwfvnf;yef; vlvnf;EGrf;aeNyD/
onfwpfBudrfawmh olwdkYtm;vHk; 'DrSmyJ aoqHk;Mu&ayawmhrnf/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
230
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
EIwfydwfjcif;
xdkpOf awmtkyfxJrS BudK;wyfol&d,m wD;cwfow
H pfcsuf Mum;vkduf&awmhonf/
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om; az;&ef wD;cwfjcif;vnf; r[kwfay/
xdkwl&d,moHonfvnf; oufjyif;csoHvv
dk dk idka<u;oHvdkvdkESifh tvGefw&m aqG;jrnfhaMuuGJzG,f aumif;vS
awmhonf/
az;ajymif;onf wl&d,moHudk Mum;vkduf&onfESifh kwfw&uf aoG;rsm;&yfqdkif;oGm;ouJhodkY cHpm;vkduf&NyD;
&ifxJwGifvnf; xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
csufcsif;yif aemufodkY ckefqkwfvdkufNyD; olYpdwfxJwGif ..
]]csHK;qef;*dkPf;&JY*kdPf;csKyfBuD; armfwm; a&mufvmwmrsm;vm;rodbl;}} [k awG;vkdufrd\/
&DvifrSmrl az;ajymif;ESifh yifyef;BuD;pGm wdkufcdkuf&ojzifh tvGefarm[dkufEGrf;e,faeonf/
vifh[lcsHK;em;odkY wdk;uyfoGm;NyD; tajctae rnfodkYxl;jcm;vmrnfudk wxdwfxdwf apmifhMunfhaerdMuonf/
twefMumonftxd wl&d,moHrSwpfyg; rnfhonfhtoHudkrS rMum;&awmhojzifh az;ajymif;u onfhrcHEdkifawmhbJ
atmf[pfrdawmh\/
]]q&mBuD;armfwm; a&mufvmwmvm; ... a&mufvm&ifxGufvmcJhygvm; ... }}
xdktcg wl&d,moHonf vHk;0wdwfoGm;NyD; awmtkyfBuD;xJr ydefydefyg;yg;vlwpfa,muf xGufvmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh csHK;qef;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;armfwm;\emrnfudk aumif;pGmMum;zl;xm;onf/ vludk,f
wdkifudkrl wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGYjrifbl;cJhacs/
,ck va&mifatmufwGifjrifae&aom csHK;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;armfwm;rSm ydefvSDvSaom tbkd;BuD;jzpfaeonfudk
awGY&\/
vufxJwGifvnf; BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfvHk;udk udkifxm;onf/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;armfwm;u az;ajymif;tm; ..
]]az;ajymif; ... cifAsm;&JY*dkPf;csKyfBuD; aeaumif;w,faemf}} [k EIwfqufpum; ajymvkdufonf/
armfwm;u rdrdtm; aumif;aumif;rGefrGef EIwfqufpum;ajymonfudk BuHKawGYvkduf&aomtcg tvGef tm;&
0rf;om jzpfoGm;onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
231
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYjyif q&mBuD;armfwm;ESifh vQdKusufzkef;wdkY roifhrjrwfjzpfaerSef;udkvnf; odxm;ojzifh q&mBuD;armfwm;

tm; vSrf;ar;vkdufonf/
]][kwfuJh ... uRefawmfhtpfudkBuD; aeaumif;ygw,f ... tck q&mBuD;wdkY*dkPf;u vQdKusufzkef;[m raumif;
qdk;0g;*dkPf;uvleJY aygif;oif;NyD; uRefawmfwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk zsufqD;zdkYBuH&,
G faeygw,f ... tJ'Dudpudk
q&mBuD;taeeJY b,fvdkajz&Sif;vdkygovJ ... }}
q&mBuD;armfwm;u vQdKusufzkef;&Sd&modkY avQmufvmNyD; at;pufrmaMumpGm ajymvkdufawmh\/
]]owfypfvdu
k f ... }}
ol\pum;qHk;onfESifh "m;a&mifwpfcsufvufoGm;um q&mBuD;armfwm;\"m;onf az;ajymif;\&if0odkY
xdk;pdkufvdkufawmh\/
az;ajymif;onf tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;NyD; aemufodkY uref;uwef; ckefqkwfvdkuf&awmhonf/
odkYaomf "m;csufuawmh vGwfoGm;onf r[kwfay/
&if0rS tusppkwfjyJoGm;NyD; "m;jcpfaMumif;wpfcsuf xifoGm;awmhonf/
csufcsif;yif ol\"m;udkxkwf tjyif;txef jyefvSefckcHawmhonf/
rnfodkYyifwGef;vSefonfjzpfap? q&mBuD;armfwm;u vufOD;oGm;NyDjzpf cHppfrS wdkufppfodkY vHk;0rajymif;Edkif
awmhbJjzpfaeonf/
q&mBuD;armfwm;\"m;rSm yg;yg;vSyfvSyfuav; jzpfNyD;wkefcgaeonf/ tvGefvsifjrefvSonf/
az;ajymif;u atmf[pfwm;qD;&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; wkdufuGufrsm;rSm wpfckNyD;wpfck tvGefvsifjrefpGm
qufwdkufusa&mufvmojzifh vHk;0atmfcsdefr&bJ wpfqkwfwnf; qkwfae&awmhonf/
az;&ef? vQdKusufzkef;ESifh vifh[lcsHK;wdkY oHk;a,mufrSm "m;odki;f wGif 0g&ifholrsm;jzpfMu\/
,ck armfwm;\ aMumufrufpzG,f "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk awGY&aomtcg tm;vHk; wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;
aeMuawmhonf/
q&mBuD;armfwm;\ wkdufuGufrsm;onf rkefwdkif;BuD;wpfck a0SY,rf;usa&mufoGm;ouJo
h dkY jyif;xefvSay
onf/
vQdKusufzkef;rSm q&mBuD;armfwm;ESifh odkif;ynmtwlwl oifMum;vmcJholjzpfaomfvnf; ol\*dkPf;wl
tpfukdBuD;\"m;odkif;rSm rQavmuf tHhrcef; xufjrufvdrfhrnf[k wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rxifrdcJhacs/
kwfw&uf az;ajymif;onf wpfcsufpl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufNyD; tay:odkY ckefwufvdkuf\/
q&mBuD;armfwm;url ol\"m;udk jyefodrf;vdkufNyD; aemufodkY vHk;0vSnfhrMunfhawmhbJ xGufcGmoGm;av
awmhonf/
az;ajymif;rSm ckefwuf&mrS jyefvnfjyKwfusvmNyD; vJusoGm;\/ xdktcg olY&if0rSaoG;rsm; yef;xGufvm
avawmhonf/
&DvifrSm wkef,ifpGmESifhyif vifh[lcsHK;udk qJGxm;vdkuf&onf/
tm;vHk; wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeMuojzifh awmtkyfBuD;wpfckvHk; vlolwpfa,mufrQ r&SdouJhodkY xifrSwfae&
awmh\/
az;ajymif;rSm ajrBuD;ay: vJusaoqH;k vsuf &SdaeayNyD/
twefMumaomtcgrS az;&efu oufjyif;csum ...
]]nDav;vQdKusufzkef; ... rif;ajymawmh rif;&JYtpfudkBuD;armfwm;eJY rif;eJYrwnfhbl;qdk ... tckawmh rif;udk
olu 0ifu,foGm;yguvm;}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
232
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vQdKusufzkef;uvnf; oufjyif;csum ajymvkdufonf/

]][kwfw,f ... uRefawmfh*dkPf;wl tpfudkBuD;&JYpdwfudk b,fawmhrS uRefawmf em;vnfEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfyg
bl;}}
xdkpOf az;az;u atmf ..
]]bdk;bdk; ... uRefr&JYtaMumudk ajzay;ygOD; ... uRefrwdkYvnf; 'Dae&mu xGufcGmzdkYoifhaeNyD}} [k ajym&Sm
onf/
az;&efonf az;az;\taMumudk ajzay;&ef csufcsif;x&yfvdkufonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif jyefvJusoGm;awmh\/ az;&efonf acgif;udk cg,rf;vkduf&if; ...
]]ig rvkyfEidk fawmhbl;}} [k aMuuGJpGm ajymvkdufawmhonf/
ollonf vif[
h lcsHK;bufodkY vSnfhvkdufum ajymvkdufonf/
]]nDav; ... rif;udk ig wpfck awmif;qdkcsifw,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]q&mBuD;ajymyg ... uRefawmf wwfEdkifoavmuf ulnDr,fvdkY uwday;ygw,f ... }}
az;&efonf vQdKusufzkef;&Sd&modYk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;MunfhvkdufNyD; ...
]]igeJYvQdKusufzkef;wdkYESpfa,muf a&;pyfxm;wJh a[m'D ]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH} vdkYac:wJh aw;oDcsif;pmtkyf
udk rif;xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufay;yg ... 'Daw;oDcsif;rsdK;udk aemufxyf&SmawGYzdkYqdkwm 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm tifrwef
rvG,fwJhtvkyfjzpfygvdrfhr,f ... 'Daw;oDcsif; 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm vHk;0raysmufysufoGm;apcsifbl; ... 'Dawmh
'DoDcsif;&JYrsdK;quf jywfroGm;bl;qdk&if igwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; aoaysmfygNyD}} [k aqG;jrnfhaMuuJGpGm ajymvkdufawmh
onf/
olonf ajymNyD;onfESifh BudK;wyfwl&d,mESifha>ywdkYudk aygif;pyfwD;rIwf&onfh ]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH}
[laom aw;*Dwpmtkyfudk xkwfay;onf/ NyD;aemuf ...
]]'Dpmtkyfukd aw;*Dwudk jrwfjrwfEdk;Edk;eJY 0goemygwJhvludkawG&Y ifvnf; ay;Edkifygw,f}} [k qufajymvkduf
onf/
vQdKusufzkef;bufodkYvSnfhum ..
]]uJ ... nDav;a& ... igwdkY oGm;zdkY tcsdefawmfNyDeJY wlw,f}}
[k ajymvkdufaomtcg ...
vQdKusufzkef;u ...
]][kwfuJh tpfudkBuD; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufum vufudk vSrf;ay;vkdufawmhonf/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf wpfOD;vufudk wpfOD;u qkyfudkif&if; ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuf &,farmvdkufMuawmhonf/
&,foH qHk;aomtcg ESpfOD;pvHk; toufaysmufoGm;Muawmh\/
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]]tpfudkBuD; bdk;bdk; qHk;oGm;NyDvm;[if ... }}
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&Dvifonf az;az;em;odkY ajy;uyfoGm;NyD; olr\ydwfaeaom taMumudk yGwfoyf ajzay;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tawGYtBuHK &ifhusufoljzpf olu ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
233
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jy'frD;avmifqdkwmvdk jzpfukefvdrfhr,f}} [k ajymvkduf\/
xdkYaemuf tavmif;oHk;avmif;udk ajrBuD;xJwl; ajrjrKyfvkdufawmhonf/ az;az;rSmrl 0rf;enf;aMuuJGrI
aMumifh w&SdkufIdufidka<u;vsuf&Sdawmh\/
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vifh[lcsHK;url aumif;uifudk armhMunfhaeonf/ olonf aumif;uifudk Munhfaejcif;r[kwf/ awG;aejcif;
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xdkodkY pOf;pm;aepOf ta0;qDrS "m;a&mifwvufvufxaeonfudk awGUvkduf&onf/
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"m;oHrSm tvGefpdyf wkdufyGJtvGefjyif;xefaeaMumif; odvdkuf&\/ vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif ..
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yifhudkifxm;onf/
xdkolrSm ol\q&m &ufykcRefyif jzpfawmhonf/
olYq&m &ufykcRefudk vsifjrefpGm vSnfhywfwdkufcdkufaeolrSm tawmftwef t&yfykonfh vlykwpfa,muf
jzpfaMumif; awGY&onf/
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vifh[lcsHK;onf olYq&mudk jrifvdkuf&onfhtwGuf tm;wufoGm;onfhenf;wl &Dcsef;ESifh odkY tjyif;txef
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
234
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jyefom ckcHumuG,fonf/
&Dcsef;onf wdkufppfom rem;wrf;qifaeonf/ &ufykcRefurl cHppfjzifhom ckcHaeonf/
wdkufuGuf vH;k 0rxkwfay/
vifh[lcsHK;url olYq&m\odkif;uGufrsm;udk Munfhav tm;&av? Munhfav csD;usL;avjzpfaeawmh\/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
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a'got&dyfta,mif vHk;0r&Sdygbl; ... }}[k awG;vdkufrdonf/
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]]aumif;NyD ... aemufrS xyfawGYMuao;wmaygh ... }}
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vifh[lcsHK;onf olYq&m\vIyf&Sm;rIavoHu &Dcsef;xuf odkif;ynmomvGefaeaMumif; txift&Sm;azmfjyae
aomtcg tvGeftm;&auseyfrdonf/
olYq&maemufodkYvdkuf&ef rnfodkYrQrjzpfEdkifojzifh opfyifaemufuG,frSxGufvmNyD; [dk[dkonfonf avQmuf
Munfhvkdufonf/
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bk&m;ausmif;0if; a[mif;BuD;wpfck jzpf[ef&Sdonf/
oludk,fwdkif tvGefyifyef;EGrf;e,fojzifh xdkausmif;0if;twGif;oGm;um tem;,l&ef pdwful;vdkufrd\/
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ausmif;0if;odkY avQmufoGm;rdawmhonf/
bk&m;ausmif;0if;tem;odkY a&mufaomtcg 0if;eH&HtwGif;rS pum;ajymoHrsm; Mum;vkduf&ojzifh tvGeftHhMo
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xdktcg bk&m;ausmif;twGif;rS tbdk;tdkwpfa,muf ajymvdkufonfhtoHrsdK; Mum;vkduf&onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
235
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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aygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ajrmufydkif;ukvm;tkwf rkaumif;zkef;rSef; odvkdufojzifh pdk;&drfaMumifhMupdwfrsm; &if
jynfhoGm;awmh\/ xdYak Mumifh olYpdwfxJwGif ..
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xdkpOf a,mufsm;oH wpfoHu ..
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xdkpum;udk ajymMum;vkdufolum; r*FvmtmrcHXme\acgif;aqmifBuD; vifusefeefyif jzpfawmh\/
xdkol\toHudk qufMum;&onf/
]]q&mBuD;u usKyfwdkYtwGuf vufpm;acsay;r,fqdkwmudk usKyfwdkYu txl;aus;Zl;wifygw,f ... 'gayr,fh
'Dcsif;csef*dkPf;u tifrwef &ufpuf,kwfrmwJeh nf;awG oHk;aewmawmh aemufydkif;rSm olwdkYtjypfeJYolwdkY jyefcH
&rSm trSefygyJ ... q&mBuD;uracsrIef;awmif onfhjyifwpfa,mufa,mufu acsrIef;ypfrSm taotcsmygyJ ... }}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if ... usrf;pmtkyf b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm rif;urajymbl;aygh ... ig b,folvJqdkwm od&JYvm; ...
rif;wdkY ]ajrmufydkif;ukvm;tkwf} qdkwJhemrnfudk rMum;zl;bl;eJYwlw,f ... }}
]]q&mBuD;u odkif;avmurSm 'DavmufemrnfBuD;aewJhvlyJ ... vlwdkif;odMuwJhOpm ... usKyfwdkYvnf;
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]]q&mBuD;u usKyfwdkYvifr,m;udk tMurf;udkifr,fqdkwm usKyfwdkY tapmBuD;uwnf;u wGufNyD;om;yJ ...
'gayr,fh usKyfwdkYqDrSm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf; vHk;0r&Sdbl; ... wu,fvdkY &SdcJh&ifawmif b,folu b,fvdkyJ
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'Dpum;udk oHk;vkdufwmyJ ... }}
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]]vifusefeef ... rif;uawmh wu,fhudk EHktwJhaumifyJ? 'Dusrf;udk bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufwefzdk;xm;ae&wm
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vifusefeefu ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
236
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rkaumif;zkef;u &,fum ...

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rkaumif;zkef;u acgif;cgNyD; ...
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rkaumif;zkef;u ..
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[k awG;aerd\/
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xdkYaMumifh olu ...
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... }}
rkaumif;zkef;onf tusyfawGYoGm;onf/
odkYaomf vHk;0[efrysufapbJ jyef tusyfudkifvdkufonf/
]]igoGm;ac:&ifawmh jzpfygw,f ... 'gayr,fh rif;wdkY&JYodkif;usrf; b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwmudkom t&ifajymvdkuf
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
237
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tu,f olYom;om cg;ukef;BuD;\vufxJ&SdaevQif olYom;udk csufcsif;ac:aqmifvmNyD; ESdyfpuf

ar;jref;rnfrSm taotcsmjzpf\/
vifusefeef\ZeD; 0rfzl;url tcsufudk owdrjyKrdacs/ xdkYaMumifh tvefYwMum;jzifh ...
]]uRefrom;av; aeaumif;&JYvm;[if ... ol bmrS rjzpfygbl;aemf ... }}
[k tarmwaum 0ifar;awmh\/
vifusefeefu 0if owday;onf/
]]0rfzl; ... qufNyD;ajymraeeJYawmh ... igwdkY&JYom;av;u olYvufxJrSmr&Sdygbl; ... EdkYrdkY&if om;av;udk
olac:vmrSmaygh ... igwdkYa&SYrSm ESdyfpuftusyfuidk far;&if ydkNyD;rxda&mufbl;vm; ... }}
rkaumif;zkef;u w[m;[m;&,fNyD; ...
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trSefyJ ... 'gayr,fh igolYukd vG,fvG,fav;eJY owfEdkifw,f ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
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vifusefeeftm; wkef,ifpGmjzifh wD;wdk;vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... olu om;av;udk wu,foGm;&ef&Smae&if om;av;'kua&muf ... }}
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cg;ukef;BuD;[lom ac:vdkufawmh\/ 0rfzl;onfvnf; olra,mufsm;&Sif;vif;jyonfudk aumif;pGm oabm
aygufoGm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh olru ...
]][kwfw,f ... cg;ukef;BuD; ... &Sif uRefrwdkYudk csufcsif;owfypfvdkuf ... uRefrwdkY ao&Jw,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdkpum;udk Mum;vdku&f aomtcg kwfw&uf pdk;&drfoGm;rdonf/
rkaumif;zkef;uJhodkYaom vl,kwfrmrsdK;dk;onf &Suf&rf;&rf;NyD; olwdkYvifr,m;ESpfa,mufudk csufcsif;
owfypfEdkifayonf/
xdkYaMumifh toHjrifh atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]q&mBuD; rkaumif;zkef; ... uRefawmf 0gqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsHK;yg ... uRefawmfwdkY&JY *dkPf;csKyfq&mBuD;u
q&mBuD;rkaumif;zkef;udk cP<uvmzdkY oGm;zdwfprf;ygqdkvdkY q&mhtrdefYeYJ uRefawmfa&mufvmygw,f ... q&mBuD;
rkaumif;zkef;eJY aqG;aEG;p&m&Sdw,fwJh ... t'g cP<uyg ... }}
rkaumif;zkef;onf vifh[lcsHK;\atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;awmh
\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
238
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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ta,mifudk jrifcJhNyD;onfhtcsdefup ydkrdkaMumuf&GYHcJhrd\/
xdkYaMumifh olYpdwfxJwGif ..
]]&ufykcRefu ighudkawGYzdkY olYwynfhudk ac:cdkif;vkdufwm bmaqG;aEG;p&mrS&SdvdkYr[kwfbl; ... ig vifusefeefwdkY
vifr,m;udk ESdyfpufwmodvdkY ighudkIHUcsrvdkY ac:wmyJjzpfrSmyJ ... rjzpfbl;? odkif;usrf;&zdkYvnf; vrf;rjrifbl; ...
vpfrSyJ ... }}
odkYESifh olu jyefatmfvdkufonf/
]]ig tck udpwpfckaqmif&u
G faewm rNyD;ao;bl; ... rif;q&mudk jyefajymvdkufyg ... aemufrS ig vmawGYygh
r,fvdkY}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh 0if;eH&H\ tjcm;wpfbufrS ckefausmfxGufajy;oGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf rkaumif;zkef; xGufajy;oGm;onfudk awGY&aomtcg pdwfxJwGif tvGef0rf;omtm;&
jzpfoGm;onf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'Dcg;ukef;BuD; ighq&mudk 'Davmuf aMumufr,frxifrdbl; ... tckawmh
ajy;vkdufwmaemufaMumif;awmifvSnfhrMunfhawmhbl; ... olomxGufrajy;&if ightzdkY tawmftE&m,f&SdrSm ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf bk&m;ausmif;0if;twGif;odkY 0ifvmawmhonf/
xdktcg bk&m;ausmif;0if;twGif; a,mufsm;wpfa,mufESifh rdef;rwpfa,muf eH&HudkrSD vJavsmif;aeonf
udk awGYvdkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf tdktaoay;vkdufNyD; ...
]]uRefawmfu 0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;&ufykcRef&JY wynfhBuD; vifh[lcsHK;yg ... tck vifrdefusuf[m
uRefawmfh&JY *dkPf;wlnDav; jzpfoGm;ygNyD ... }}
vifusefeefonf tvGef0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh olu ...
]]usKyf&JYom;av;[m wu,fyJ 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ 0ifvkdufNyDvm; ... }}
0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykefcRefonf csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;xuf odkif;avmuwGif ydkemrnfBuD;onf/
opm&Sif"m;orm;[k ausmfMum;onf/
,ck rdrdwdkYrsufjrif rkaumif;zkef;uJhoadkY om vlqdk;BuD;wpfa,mufonfyifvQif &ufykcRefemrnfudk Mum;vkduf
&onfESifh xGufajy;oGm;onfr[kwfygvm;/
rdrdwdkY\om;av;onf xdkuJhodkYaom yk*dKvfrsdK;xH wynfhcHEdkifjcif;rSm ukodkvfuHaxmufrom jzpfayvdrfh
rnf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][kwfygw,f ... cg;ukef;BuD;u vifrdefusufudk twif; olYwynfhvkyfcdkif;cJhygw,f ... vifrdefusufu
vufrcHawmh cg;ukef;BuD;u ESdyfpufrvdkYvkyfaewkef; q&ma&mufvmNyD; u,fvdkufygw,f ... vufrdefusufu
olYudk wynfhtjzpfvufcHygvdkY q&mhudkawmif;yefwJhtwGuf q&mu wynfhtjzpfvufcHvkdufygw,f ... apmapm
wkef;u 'Dausmif;eJYreD;ra0;rSm q&meJY&Dcsef;wdkY wdkufcdkufaeMuygw,f ... &Dcsef;xGufajy;oGm;vdkY q&muaemufu
vdkufoGm;ygw,f ... q&m rMumcif vifrdefusufudkac:NyD; 'Dudkvmvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifh ygw,f ... }}
vifusefeefu ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
239
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tif; ... ighom;av; tcsdefrD a&mufEdkifyghrvm; ... [ifhtif; ... r&awmhbl; ... r&awmhbl; ... aemufus
aeNyD ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vifusefeef\ xGufoufrsm;NyD; 0ifoufenf;aeonfudk awGY&aomtcg ol\ twGif;tm;udk
xkwf vifusefeef\toufudk xdef;ay;&ef pdwful;rdonf/ odkYaomf olYrSm tjyif;txef'Pf&m&xm;cJh
twGif;tm;xkwf r&ao;aMumif; od&Sdvdkufrdawmhonf/
olu ..
]]OD;av; pum;rajymygeJYawmh ... uRefawmfh q&ma&mufvm&if OD;av;udk aumif;aumif;u,fEdkifrSmyg ... }}
vifusefeefonf rsufpdudkrSdwf arS;aevdkufonf/
twefMumrS wdk;Sif;aomavoHjzifh ..
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... usKyfawmhjzifh usKyfom;a&mufcsdeftxd rae&awmhbl; ... om;av; 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ 0ifEdkifcJhwJh
twGuf usKyftrsm;BuD;0rf;omw,f ... pdwfvnf; at;oGm;cJhygNyD ... aemufydkif;rSm olYudk aumif;aumif;
apmifha&SmufzdkY usKyf arwm&yfcHygw,f ... }}
[k ajym&Smawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]OD;av; pdwfcsyg ... uRefawmfwdkYu *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkawGyJ ... OD;av;urrSmawmif wu,fhaoG;&if;om;&if;
nD&if;tpfudkawGxuf uRefawmfwdkYu apmifha&SmufMuygw,f ... tck OD;av;u rSmw,fqdkawmh uRefawmfwdkYu
ydkapmifha&SmufrSmyg}}
vifusefeef\ toufSLoHonf wjznf;jznf;jyif;xefvmawmhonf/ olu jywfawmif;jywfawmif;ESifh ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... aus;Zl;jyKNyD; ighom;av;udk ajymjyvkdufyg? ]zkusdK;e,f aeMumyef;vrf;} u igwdkYtdrfa[mif;&JY
ajratmufcef;xJuypnf;u igwdkY ]vif} rsdK;dk;&JYypnf; ... aoaocsmcsmxdef;odr;f yg ... 'gayr,fh olY&JYtab;
]vif&G,fwl} u rSmcJhwm&Sdw,f ... ]vif} rsdK;quf&JU om;ajr;awG[m 'Dypnf;udk rMunfh&bl;wJh ... Munfh&if
'kutrsm;BuD; cH&vdrfhr,fwJh ... olYudk aoaocsmcsm rSwfxm;cdkif;vdkufyg ... }}
[k cufcJyifyef;pGm ajymvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]][kwfuJh ... pdwfcsyg ... 'Dpum;awGudk tptqHk;ajymjyvkdufyghr,f ... }}
vifusefeefu ..
]]aus; ... aus; ... Zl; ... }}
olYcrsm aus;Zl;wifygw,f[laom pum;udkyif qHk;atmifrajymEdkifawmhbJ ZufusdK;NyD; toufxGufoGm;
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toufxGufoGm;onfrod&ay/ aoqHk;vsuf &SdaeayNyD/
vifh[lcsHK;onf oufjyif;wpfcsuf dIufvdkufrdonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]&Dcsef;eJY rkaumif;zkef;wdkYu olwdkYudk twif;ESdyfpufNyD; ajymcdkif;wmawmif olwdkYrajymcJhMubl; ... tck olwdkY
aoMuawmhr,frSef;odvdkY ighudk wpfqifhajymcdkif;cJhMuwmyJ ... 'gayr,fh olwdkY&JYrsdK;dk;"m;odkif;usrf;udk ig ,lrSm
pdk;vdkY rMunfh&bl; ... Munfh&if'kutrsm;BuD;cH&r,f ... bmnmeJY ... [if; ... ighudk b,fvdkvlpm;rsm; rSwfoGm;
ovJrodbl; ... igu igwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;&JY odkif;ynmudkawmif aoaocsmcsm roifEdkifao;wJhOpm ... olwdkY&JY
vifrsdK;dk;odkif;ynmudk oGm;vSrf;yghrvm; ... [if; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
240
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olonf 0if;eH&Hudkr
SD
tem;,lvdkufonf/ twefMumaomtcg tjyifbufrS &ufykcRef\toHudk
Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;txJrSm&Sdovm; ... }}
]][kwfuJhq&m ... uRefawmf &Sdygw,f ... }}
olYrsufpdrsm; zGifhvdkufaomtcg tjyifbufwGif a0vDa0vif;jzpfaeacsNyD/ &ufykcRefonf vifusefeefwdkY
vifr,m; aoqHk;aeonfudk awGY&aomtcg rsufarSmifwpfcsuf ukwfoGm;NyD; ..
]]aoNyD ... }}
[k tmar!dwfoHjzifh a&&Twfaerdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ... taMumif;pHk&Sif;vif;ajymjyvdkufonf/ aemufqHk; olwdkYvifr,m;u olwdkYom; vifrdefusuf
tm; jyefajym&ef pum;vufaqmifyg;cJhonfudkvnf; ajymjyvdkuf\/ &ufykcRefonf wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ
0ifaxmufjcif;? ar;jref;jcif; rjyKbJ tptqHk; aocsmpGm em;axmifNyD;rS ..
]]&Dcsef;awmh 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHvkdufNyD;rS bmwpfckrS r&vku
d f&Smbl; ... }} [k ajymvdu
k frdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]q&m ... &Dcsef;u q&mhudk awmif;yefvdkufovm;}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]rif;u &Dcsef;taMumif; aumif;aumif;rodygbl; ... 'Dvlu ajcodyfjrefwm ... igu olYudkvkdufvdkYrrDbl; ...
olwdkY csif;csef*kP
d f;&JY udk,fazmhynmu igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;xuf trsm;BuD;omw,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,fvkdufNyD; ..
]]q&muvnf; olwdkY&JY udk,fazmhokid f;ynmwif omwmr[kwfbl; ... olwdkYcsif;csef*dkPf;&JY zifrdk;arQmfodkif;
uvnf; wjcm;*dkPf;awGxufawmif omwmyJ ... }}
[k &,foGrf;aoG;&if; ajymvdkufawmh\/
&ufykcRef\ rsufESmonf csufcsif;wif;rmoGm;NyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;yg;pyfu wu,fo&rf;wmyJ ... ]Murf;uRH&ifEIwfvdkY&w,f ... EIwfuRH&if EIwfvdkYr&bl;}
qdkwJhpum; rMum;zl;bl;vm; ... pum;ajym&if b,fawmhrS wnfwnfMunfMunfrajymbl; ... 'Dvdkom
ayghwdaygh&w
T fajymae&if aemufydkif;rSm rif;&JY *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkawGudk b,fvdktkyfcsKyfawmhrvJ ... }}
[k cufxefpGm ajymMum;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;url q&mrjrifatmif vQmwpfcsuf wpfvpfxkwfNyD;rS ][kwfuJhq&m} [k ajymvkdufonf/
&ufykcRefonf NyHK;rJhrJhjzifh ..
]]'DwpfcsDawmh rif; awmfawmfav; cHvdkuf&w,f r[kwfvm; ... }} [k xyfar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;&,f&if; ..
]][m ... q&m wpfcgcH&&if wpfcgykdNyD; vdrmwmaygh}}
[k jyefajzvdkufawmh\/
&ufykcRefonf &ifcGifwGif;rS rD;usnfwpfckudkxkwfum rD;dIU aumif;uifodkYypfwifvkduf\/ xdkrD;usnfonf
0kef;ceJ aygufuGJoGm;um aiGa&mifwef;wpfcktjzpf tay:odkY xdk;wufoGm;awmh\/
onfrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u ol\wynfhom;ajr;rsm;udk pkpnf;&efac:vdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; tcsufjy
enf;wpfckyifjzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
241
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twefMumaomtcg ajcoHrsm;udk pwifMum;&onf/ bk&m;ausmif;a[mif;bufqDodkY OD;wnfvmae

MuaMumif; od&SdEdkifMuonf/
rsm;rMumrD 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; jzpfoGm;awmh\/ &ufykcRef\orD; vdefvdefESifh
rMumao;rDurS 0gqef;*dkPf;om;opfjzpfvmaom vifrdefusufwdkYvnf; a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf rdbESpfyg;\tavmif;udk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg olru,fEdkifcJhonfh rdbrsm;twGuf
aMuuGJ0rf;enf;pGm csHK;yGJcsidka<u;rdawmhonf/
rdbESpfyg;\tavmif;udk zufidkaeaom vifrdefusufudkMunfhNyD; tm;vHk; pdwfraumif;bJjzpfMu&onf/
vdefvdefrSmrl vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf ab;roD&efrcbJ touf&Sifaeao;onfudk awGYvkduf&aomtcg tvGef
0rf;omoGm;\/
vQdKusufzkef;\ tdrfa*[mBuD;wGif&SdMupOf vifh[lcsHK;aoNyD[kajymcJhojzifh vdefvdeftaejzifh tBuD;tus,f
idkyGJqifcJh&onf/
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wpfBudrfrQ rawGYcJh&acs/
,ck awGYvkduf&aomtcgwGif vifh[lcsHK;\ tuspudkqJG csHK;yGJcsidkrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u olr\ ycHk;udk jznf;Sif;pGmykwf ESpfodrfhvdkufNyD; ..
]]nDrav; bmjzpfvdkY idk&wmvJ ... }}
[k ar;vdkufonf/
vdefvdefu rajz/ twefMum tm;&atmifidkNyD;rS ...
]]tpfudkBuD; raobl;aemf ... }}
[k jyefar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u &,farm&if; acgif;cgjyum ...
]]tpfudkBuD;avmuf toufjyif;wJhvl 'DavmurSm &SdwmrS r[kwfbJ ... tpfudkBuD; b,faovdrfhrvJ ... }}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;udk armhMunfhvku
d faomtcg vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESm aoG;vHk;0r&SdbJ jzLzyfjzLa&mf
jzpfaeonfudk awGYvkduf&\/
olr\&ifxJ0,f tvGefpdk;&dro
f Gm;NyD; ..
]]tpfudkBuD; 'Dwpfcg'Pf&m&wm jyif;xefwmyJaemf... awmifay:jyefa&muf&ifawmh tpfudkBuD;aumif;aumif;
tem;,l&r,f ... }}
[k owday;ajymMum;rdawmh\/
&ufykcRefuvnf; 0rf;yef;wpfenf; idka<u;aeaom vifrdefusuftm; ...
]]vifrdefusuf ... aowJhvlvnf; aoNyD;aeygNyD ... udk,fh&JY ylaqG;0rf;enf;rIawGudkvnf; xdef;EdkiforQ
xdef;vkdufawmh ... rif;&JY taztarudk oN*K[fzdkYupd vkyfMu&r,f ... }}
[k azsmif;zsESpfodrfh&if; vkyf&rnfhudpudkyg ajymjyvkdufawmhonf/
]]tazeJY tarudk touf&Sifvsufav;awmif rawGUvdkuf&bl; ... olwdkYu uRefawmfhudk bmrsm;rSmcJhovJ
rodbl; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;u ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
242
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nDav; ... rif;&JY tazeJY tar raoqHk;cifrSm ig 'DrSm&SdaecJhw,f ... olwdkYu rif;udk apmifha&SmufvdkufygvdkY
rSmoGm;w,f ... aemufNyD; rif;twGuf ta&;BuD;wJh pum;wpfck ajymcJhao;w,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;qufajymrnfhpum;udk apmifhaevdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]rif;&JY rdbESpfyg;u &Dcsef;eJY rkaumif;zkef;wdkYESpfa,muf ESdyfpufwJh'PfeJY twGif;'Pf&m&NyD; aooGm;cJh&w,f
... olwdkYu rif;rdbawGqDu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;udk awmif;w,f ... r&vdkY rif;rdbawGudk ESyd fpufwmyJ ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf tHudkBudwf oGm;aphaomavoHjzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]'D&efa<u; racs&orQ uRefawmf raoEdkifao;bl; ... 'DvlawGudk wpfoufrajymeJY q,foufawmif
rausbl; ... }}
vdefvdefu 0if ..
]]armifav; ... 'Dudp[m ighaMumifhjzpfcJh&wmyJ ... rif;&JY&efa<u;acswJt
h cg iguvnf; vufydkufMunfhraeyg
bl; ... igvnf; 0ifulyghr,f ... }}
[k tmrcHay;vkduf\/
Eke,faom ykxkZOfvlom;rsm;\ ESvHk;om;0,f &efa<u;ay;acsvdkjcif;wnf;[laom a'gorD;onf wnD;nD;
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vHk;0owdrjyKEdkifMuacswum;/
vifrdeu
f sufonf vdefvdeftm; tdktaowpfcsuf ay;um ..
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f rr ... }}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
&ufykcRefrSm oufjyif;wpfcsufom csvdkufrdawmhonf/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
243
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*lydwfjypf'Pf wpfESpfcH
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;u quf ...
]]nDav; ... rif;&JYtaz rqHk;cifu rSmcJhwmu zkusdK;e,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;rqHk;rD &ufykcRefu vSrf;wm;vkdufonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... 'gu vifrdefusufrdb&JY tarGpum;yJ? 'Dpum;udk vifrdefusufwpfa,mufwnf; &SdwJhtcgrSm
ajymjyvdkufaygh ... wjcm;vlawG odp&mrvdkbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u olYq&m\pnf;urf;&SdyHkudk tvGefdkaoav;pm;oGm;rdonf/ okdYESifh vifrdefusufudkac:um
tjyifodkY xGufomG ;vkdufonf/
xdkaeYu vifrdefusuf\rdbrsm;udk ajrjrKyfoN*K[fvdkufNyD;aemuf olwdkYu 0gqef;awmifodkY OD;wnfxGufcGm
vmcJhMuonf/
olwdkYrSm 0gqef;awmifESifh &uftwefMum uif;uGmvmcJhMu&ojzifh jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvmaomtcg awm
awmifa&ajrwdkY tvGefom,mvSyaeonf[k xifaerdMuawmhonf/
*dkPf;om;rsm;twGuf wnfaqmufxm;aom tdrfrsm;rSm tcdkiftcHh trsm;tjym;yif/
xdkpOf toufav;q,fcefY rdef;rwpfa,muf xGufvmNyD; olwt
dkY m; 0rf;omtm;& BudKqdkawmhonf/
vdefvdefu a&S;OD;pGm ajy;oGm;NyD; ..
]]tar ... orD;wdkYrSm armifav;wpfa,muf wdk;vmNyD}}
[k ajym&if; aemufrSygvmaom vifrdefusuftm; vufdI;xdk;jyvdkufonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf ol\*dkPf;wlnDtpfudkrsm;rSwqifh q&muawmfonf q&mESifh *dkPf;wlarmifESrjzpf
odkif;ynmtqifhrSm q&mESifh rwdrf;r,drf;rSef; odxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh uref;uwef; a&SYodkYwufum
OD;csuefawmhvdkuf\/
q&muawmfzl;vifu NyHK;&TifpGmESifh ..
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244
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
245
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
246
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
247
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
248
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
249
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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[k aMumuf&GYHtufuGJaom avoHjzifh ajymjyvkdufonf/
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[k toem;cHvdu
k fonf/
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[k Budrf;armif;vkdufojzifh vdefvdefrSm idkrJhrJhjzifh NidrfoufoGm;awmh\/ &ufykcRefu quf ...
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ajymvdkufao;w,f ... }}
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&ufykcRefu ..
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ay:rvmawmhbl; ... aemufNyD; q&mvkyfwJhvluvnf; aumif;aumif;oGefoif qHk;rjcif;r&Sb
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
250
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]][kwfuJh q&m ... uRefawmf rSm;oGm;ygw,f ... }}
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&wmvJ ... olYtbdk;u rif;&JYtoufukdu,fcJhvkdYvm; ... 'gawG[m bmrS txifBuD;csD;usL;p&mrvdkbl; ...
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;&JY vSnfhuGufawGyJ ... rif;u uav;vnf;r[kwfawmhbl; ... bmjzpfvkdY 'DvSnfhuGufudk
rod&wmvJ ... }}
&ufykcRef\toHonf wjznf;jznf; a'gooHygvmonf/
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d fcJhw,f ...
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vifh[lcsHK;onf cg;udkudkif; ...
]][kwfuJh q&m ... uRefawmf tjypf'PfcH,lygw,f}}
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vdefvdefu ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
251
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f /
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Mumao;&JYvm; ... }}
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u orD;awmifay:wufNyD; pum;oGm;rajym&bl; ... }}
vdefvdefonf twefMumawG;aeNyD;rS ..
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[k xyfar;vkdufjyefonf/ zl;vifonf olr\orD;udk cyfwif;wif; MunfhvkdufNyD; ...
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pnf;urf;eJY ywfoufNyD; ajymaewJhtcsdefrSm r[kwfw,kwf tao;tzJGuav;awGudk vmajymraeprf;eJY ... }}
[k wm;jrpfydwfyifvkdufawmh\/
xdkaeY naeapmif;wGifyif vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\q&mESifh q&muawmfwdkYudkEIwfqufum "m;wpfacsmif;qJG
ewforD;awmifxdyfodkY wpfa,mufwnf; wufoGm;awmhonf/ xdkawmifxdyfwGif ausmuf*lBuD;wpfvHk;&Sd\/
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]]ESpfaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmMumcJhwJh tcsdefumvwpfavQmufvHk;rSm igwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;awG b,fESpf
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awmhwmyJ ... igqdkwJhaumifuawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;u vlqdk;awGxJrSm tqdk;qHk;taumifyJ ... 'Dawmh ighvdkaumifrS
'DausmufwHk;ay:rxdkif&if b,folxdkif&OD;rSmvJ ... }} [k awG;vkdufrd\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ausmufwHk;BuD;udk wpfcsufykwfvkduf&if; ..
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rysif;&awmhygbl;av ... igu rif;eJY tazmfaezdkY a&mufvmNyDyJ ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
trSefpifppf &ufykcRef\b0wpfoufwmtwGif; ol\wynfhrsm;udk wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ uJhodkY tjypf'Pf
ray;cJhbl;ay? ,ck vifh[lcsHK;onf yxrqHk;tBudrf tjypfay;cH&jcif;jzpf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
252
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf ausmufwHk;BuD;ay:wGif wufxkdifvdkufNyD; rsufESmudk ausmufeH&HbufodkY vSnfhxm;

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om;awGeJY pdwfwludk,fwlaygif;NyD; 'DavmuBuD;udk 'kuay;wmvdkY qdkEdkifNyD ... }}
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ajcaxmufajrBuD;ay:a&muf Munfhvkdufaomtcg olYajcaxmufrsm;onf awmifurf;yg;\ tpGef;odkY
a&mufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; tonf;xdwfpzG,f awGY&Sdvdkuf&awmh\/
acsmufurf;yg;odkYus&ef ESpfayavmufomvkdawmhonf/
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toufqHk;IH;&ayawmhrnf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf rsufpdrSdwf udk,fudk ausmuf*ltjyifbufodkY jyefvSnfhvkdufonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]tif; .... [kwfNyD ... 'DrSmae&wm tifrwefysif;p&maumif;w,f ... 'Denf;eJYupm;&wm enf;enf;
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f nf/ odkYaomf ...
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]]aemufxyf acsmufeJY wpfayavmufuyfoGm;wJhtxd ckefEdkifrS aysmfp&maumif;rSm ... 'gayr,fh igu
tJ'Davmuf owdr&Sdawmhcufw,f ... }}
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]]awmfw,f ... tpfudkBuD; awmfw,f ... }}
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
253
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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vifh[lcsHK; taysmfvGefoGm;onf/ vSrf;Munfhvkdufaomtcg vdefvdefonf qJGjcif;wpfvHk;udk udkifqGJwufvm
onfudk awGUvdkuf&\/
olru NyHK;&TifpGmESifh ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefr tpfudkBuD;twGuf xrif;vmydkYwm}}
[k ajymonf/
olru ausmuf*lxJodkY 0ifvkduf\/ NyD;aemuf ausmufwHk;BuD;ay:wGif wufxdkifum ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... apmapmu tpfudkBuD; aemufjyefckefaewm uRefrawGYw,f ... awGU&wmawmif aysmfp&m
aumif;w,f ... uRefrvnf; prf;Munfrh ,faemf ... }}
[k ajymawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tusOf;tusyf awGUae&awmhonf/ acsmufurf;yg;pGef;em;odkY aemufjyefckefjcif;? Aemuf
uRrf;ypfjcif;rSm tvGeftE&m,frsm;aom tl;xjcif;wpfrsdK;omjzpfonf/ ckef&m tm;xkwfrI tenf;i,frsm;
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odkYaomf olurl acsmufurf;yg; tpGef; &yfaevdkufonf/
vdefvdefrSm tNrJwrf; tEdkif,lvkad ompdwf&Sdonf/ olronf acsmufurf;yg;pGef;udk pdwfxJcefYrSef;NyD;
aemufuRrf;ypfum ckefxGufvdkuf\/ olronf vifh[lcsHK;xuf tom&&SdvdkonfhpdwfaMumifh tm;udkydkxkwf
vdkufonf/ avxJodkYa&mufaomtcgrS olronf aMumufvefYwMum;atmfvkdufrdawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u vufjzifh
vSrf;qGJvkduf&\/ vdefvdef\ajcaxmuf ajrBuD;ESifhxdawGYaomtcg acsmufurf;yg;pGef;ESifh wpfaycefYomuGma0;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
254
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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oGm;NyD; &,fEdkifNyHK;Edkifawmhonf/ vdefvdefu ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefru tpfudkBuD;xuf ydka0;w,faemf}}
vdefvdef &,fEdkifNyHK;Edkifjzpfaomfvnf; olr\aoG;qkwfaeaom rsufESmonf e*dkrlvaoG;a&mifokYd jyefra&muf
ao;acs/ vifh[cl sHK;u olr\rsufESmudk Munfu
h m ..
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... }}
[k ajymrdawmh\/
vdefvdefu vifh[lcsHK; olrtwGuf tvGefpdk;&drfxdwfvefYoGm;onfudk od&Sdvdkuf&onfhtjyif olrudk,fwdkif
vnf; tvGefxdwfvefYcJhNyD;jzpf pum;vrf;aMumif;ajymif; ajymvkdufawmh\/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... taru tpfudkvkdkudkvmydkYcdkif;vkdufwm uRefru tpfudkvkdkqDu 'Dwm0efudk Mum;jzwfvkNyD;
vmydkYwm tpu olray;bl; ... uRefru pdwfqdk;NyD; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;&,f&if; ajymvkdufonf/
]]"m;qJGNyD; acsmufvdkufa&m r[kwfvm; ... }}
vdefvdefu acgif;cg ...
]]tpfudkBuD;rSm;NyD ... uRefru pdwfqdk;NyD;idkawmhrS uRefrudkacsmhNyD; 'DqGJjcif;ay;vkdufwm ... }}
[k vkdk\wm0efudk rnfodkYvk,lcJhyHkudk ajymjyaeonf/
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\/ ol\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]tif; ... vdefvdef[m ightay:rSm wu,foHa,mZOf&SdwmyJ ... 'DavmufoHa,mZOf&SdwJh rdef;uav;twGuf
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[k awG;vkdurf dawmhonf/
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l kduf\/ olru ..
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vifh[lcsHK;u ..
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vdefvdefonf t&ufu&m;udkzGifh vifh[lcsHK;\vufxJodkY xnfhay;vkduf\/ vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESmudk aphaph
Munfhum &,fNyD;ajymvkdufonf/
]]'gayr,fh rsm;rsm;aomufvdkY r&bl;aemf tpfudkBuD; ... uRefru wpfaeYenf;enf;yJ cdk;,lvmEdkifwm ...
tmomajyav;aomufaygh ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
255
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYaemuf ESpfa,mufpvHk; waysmfwyg; tm;&yg;&pm;aomufvkdufMu\/ naeapmif; arSmif&Dorf;vmcsdef

rSm vdefvdefu awmifatmufodkY jyefqif;oGm;awmhonf/
odkYjzifh aeYpOfaeYwdkif; vdefvdefu xrif;[if;vmydkYaeonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm awmifxdyfwGif wpfa,muf
wnf;ae&ojzifh ysif;aernf[k ,cifuxifrSwfaecJhrdygonf/ wu,fhwu,f aeaomtcgwGifrl ysif;&dcsdef
r&SdaMumif; od&Sdvmawmhonf/
eHeuftdyf&mrSxonfESifh yxr xxdkifonf/ twGif;tm;odkif;usifhonf/ NyD;aemuf ,cifoifcJhNyD;? wufcJhNyD;
onfh "m;odkif;rsm;? vufodkif;rsm;udk jyefvnfavhusifhupm;onf/ tvkyfwpfckESifhwpfck Z,fpufouJhodkY
vnfywfaeojzifh ysif;&dcsdefvHk;0r&Sdawmhay/ odkYjzifh ESpfvrQ vGefajrmufcJhacsNyD/
awmifxdyfwGifvnf; wpfaeYxufwpfaeY at;jrvm\/ aeYeHeufydkif; rdk;vif;onfqdkonfESifh ajrmufjyef
av wokefokef wdkufcdkufaeojzifh tat;"mwfuvnf;ydkvmonf/ aeYv,fodkYa&mufaomtcg ESif;rsm; wzJGzJG
usvmonfudk awGY&awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif ..
]]tif; ... ESif;awG'Davmufusaewmuawmh aumif;wJhvuPmr[kwfbl; ... ESif;awGaMumifh awmifay:wuf
wJh vrf;wpfavQmufvHk; acsmaerSmyJ ... tJ'Dawmh tE&m,fodyfrsm;aer,f ... nDrav; 'DaeYxrif;vmrydkYrS
ab;uif;rSm ... xrif;vmrydkYygapeJY ... }}
[k pdwfxJrSBudwf qkawmif;rdonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif wpfpHkwpfckudk jyefpOf;pm;rdjyefonf/
]]q&meJY q&mrwdkYu nDrav; ighqDxrif;vmydkYaewmudk rodbJaeyghrvm; ... q&mrodwm r&Sdoavmuf
bJ ... ig 0gqef;awmifuqif;oGm;NyD; q&muG,f&mrSm vkyfcsif&mawG avQmufvkyfaewmawmif q&mu odao;
wmyJ ... nDrav; xrif;vmydkYwmudk rod[efaqmifaeMuwm ... 'DaeY &moDOwku 'Davmufawmif qdk;0g;aerS
awmh nDrav;udk xrif;ydkYcGifh jyKMuawmhrSm r[kwfbl; ... }}
wu,fyif naea&muf cgwdkif;xrif;ydkYcsdefodkY a&mufaomtcg vdefvdefay:rvmawmhay/ ESif;rsm;um;
usNrJusvsufom;/ vifh[lcsHK;onf oufjyif;csEdkifoGm;NyD; *lBuD;xJodkY 0iftdyfvdkufawmh\/
odkYaomf arSmif&Dorf;p&Sdao;onf/ *ltjyifrS ajcoHwpfoHudk kwfw&ufMum;vkduf&awmh\/ vdefvdef\
toH/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf 0rf;ompdwfESifh pdk;&drfpdwfudk 'Gd[cHpm;vsuf ausmuf*ltjyifodkYajy;xGufrd\/ xdktcg
vdefvdefcrsm wpfvSrf;avQmufvdkuf wpfvSrf;ajcacsmfvkdufjzifh awmifay:odkY cufcJyifyef;pGm wufvmonfudk
awGYvkduf&ownf;/
vifh[lcsHK;onf olr\vufudk ajy;wJG,lvkdufonf/ awmifay:odkY wJGwifvm&onf/ tay:odkY
a&mufaomtcg olr\wpfudk,fvHk;rSm ESif;yGifhrsm;jzifh jzLazG;vsuf&SdaeNyD; ezl;wGifa,mifaeonf/ aoG;vnf;
tenf;i,fpdkYaeonfudk awGYjrifvdkuf&\/ vrf;c&D; qdk;qdk;0g;0g; vJuscJh&onfudk oufaojyKonfh
trSwftom;rsm;yifjzpf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u pdk;&drfylyefpGmjzifh ...
]]nDrav; ... nDrav; ... rif; ... rif; ... }}
[k pum;ajymrdaomfvnf; pdk;&drfwkefvIyfrIaMumifh pum;udk tptqHk;rajymEdkifbJ jzpfaeawmh\/
vdefvdefu idkrJhrJhjzifh ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
256
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefr acsmfusvkdufwm xrif;awGtm;vHk; acsmufxJusoGmNyD ... vlawmif uHaumif;vkdY ...
uRefraMumifh tpfudkBuD; 'DaeY xrif;iwf&NyD ... }}
[k ajymawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGmjzifh ol\tusvufpudk udkif vdefvdef\ezl;rS a,mif,rf;aeaom 'Pf&mudk
zday;aeonf/ olu ...
]]nDrav; wu,frdkufwmyJ ... awmifwufvrf;u ESif;awGeJY 'DavmufacsmfaewJhOpm bmjzpfvkdY wufvm
&wmvJ[if? 'DvdktcsdefrsdK;rSm xrif;vmydkYzdkYroifhbl; ... nDrav;om wpfpHkwpfckjzpfoGm;&if ig b,fvdkvkyf
ajz&awmhrSmvJ[if ... }}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;\vufudk qkyfudkifMunfhvkduf\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm olr\udk,fuav;tm; odrf;BuHK;
ayGYzufvkdufcsifaomfvnf; owdr&Sdacs/ xdkYaMumifh awmBuD;awmifBuD;twGif; a,mufsm;ysdKwpfa,mufESifh
rdef;rysdKwpfa,mufwdkYonf wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,mufMunfhvsuf NidrfoufaeMuawmhonf/
twefMumaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\pdwfudk xdef;odrf;vkdufNyD; ...
nDrav; ... 'Dnawmh rif;wpfa,mufwnf; jyefvdkYrjzpfbl; ... arSmifvnf;arSmif ... ESif;awGuvnf;us
qdkawmh 'Dnjyefqif;&if rkcsacsmufxJusrSmyJ ... awmifxdyfudk nDrav;wufvmwmudk q&meJYq&mrod&JYvm; ...
taumif;qHk;uawmh olwdkY vlvTwfNyD; BudKcdkif;vkduf&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ ... }}
[k ylyefpGm ajymrdonf/
vdefvdefu ..
]]tazeJY tarwdkYu 'DrSmr&Sdawmhbl; tpfudkBuD;&JY ... reufwkef;u r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyfacgif;aqmifBuD;qDu
pm&vdkY aumif;qef;*dkPf;udk xGufoGm;MuNyD ... }}
]]'Dvdkqdk nDrav; awmifay:wufvmwm b,folrS rodMubl;aygh ... }}
]]b,fodrvJ ... aMomf ... odw,f ... odw,f ... vifrdefusufwpfa,mufawmhodw,f ... 'gayr,fh
uRefru b,folYudkrSrajym&bl;vdkY jcdrf;ajcmufxm;w,f ... EdkYrdkY&if uRefru dkufr,fvdkY ... }}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... b,fhES,f tpfrvkyfwJhvlu w,fvnf; aMumufp&maumif;yguvm; ... }}
]]cpf ... cpf ... cpf ... 'gaygh tpfukBd uD;& ... uRefrudk tpfrvdkY ac:wJhvlu cyf&Sm;&Sm; r[kwfvm; ... 'Dawmh
tpfrBuD; yHkaygufatmifawmh [efvkyfOD;raygh ... tpfudkBuD;usawmh vlwkdif;u tpfudkBuD;vdkY ac:aeawmh
b,fxl;qef;awmhrvJ}}
ESpfa,mufpvHk; pum;wajymajymESifh &,farmrdMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;url ...
]]'Dvdkqdk&if 'Dnawmh nDrav; 'DrSmyJtdyf&awmhr,f ... nBuD;rif;BuD; b,fenf;eJYrS jyefqif;EdkifrSm
r[kwfbl; ... reufjzef reufapmapm jyefqif;ayawmh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf vdefvdefudk *lxJodkYac:vdkufNyD; rsufESmcsif;qdkifxdkifvdkufum &,fp&mpum;rsm; ajymae
rdMuawmh\/ aemufqHk; vdefvdefrSm yifyef;EGrf;e,frIaMumifh tdyfaysmfoGm;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf vdefvdeftm;
tat;rdrnfudk pdk;&drfojzifh ol\tay:tusudkcRwfum olr\udk,fay:odkY NcHKay;vkdufonf/
jyifyrS wdrf;apmif;0ifa&mufvmaom va&mifatmufwGif vdefvdef\ cspfpzG,frsufESmuav;udk ai;arm
Munfhaerdonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ..
]]nDrav;[m ightay:rSm odyftepfemcHwmyJ ... 'DaeYupNyD; olYtwGufqdk&if bmrqdk ig vkyfay;r,f ... }}
[k qHk;jzwfvdkufrdonf/
xdktcdkuf ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
257
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifrdefusuf ... eif ighpum; em;raxmifbl; ... tdkufcHcsifovm; ... }}

[k vdefvdef\EIwfrS pum;oHudk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm kwfw&uf xdwfvefYoGm;onf/ olr\
rsufESmudk aocsmpGm Munfhvkdufaomtcg rsufvHk;rsm;rdSwf ESpfNcdKufpGmtdyfaysmfaeonfudk awGYvkduf&ojzifh
a,mif,rf;ajymaerSef; odvkduf&awmh\/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif &,fcsifvmonf/
]]tif; ... nDrav;uawmh olYudk,fol vifrdefusuf&JY*dkPf;wltpfr twif;vkyfaeawmhwmyJ ... vifrdefusuf
&JUtoufu vdefvdefxuf ESpfESpfavmufBuD;w,f ... tck vdefvdefu vifrdefusuf&JUtpfr vkyfvkduf&awmh
olYudk,fol odyf[kwfaeNyDvdkY xifaeawmhwmaygh ... vifrdefusufuawmh N*dK[f0ifNyD; tatmftaiguf tBudrf;
tarmif;udk aumif;aumif;cH&awmhr,f}}
rdk;vif;cgeD;tcsdefusrS vdefvdef tdyf&mrS Edk;vmonf/ olru vifh[lcsHK;tm; NyHK;jyum ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tdyf&muxwm apmvdkufwm}}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;&if;ar;vdkufonf/
]]nDrav; ... ntdyfaewkef;u bmawG tdyfrufrufaewmvJ ... vifrdefusuf qdk;vGef;vdkY dkufESufqHk;r
ae&ovm;}}
vdefvdefonf acgif;uav;udk apmif; wpfcsufrQ pOf;pm;vkdufonf/ aemufrS pOf;pm;rd[efjzifh ...
]]{uE uRefr ... tdyfrufrufNyD; a,mif,rf;pum;ajymrdw,fxifw,f ... tpfudkBuD; rodbl; ...
vifrdefusufu odyfacgif;rmwm ... tpfrBuD; uRefr&JYpum;awmif aumif;aumif;em;axmifcsifwm r[kwfbl; ...
uRefruawmh aeYa&mna&m aigufaewmyJ ... }}
[k wcpfcpf&,f&if; auseyfpGm ajymvku
d fonf/
]]olu bmjzpfaevdkYvJ ... }}
]][m ... tpfudkBuD;uvnf; ... bmjzpf&rSmvJ ... ol toHk;rusvGef;vdkYaygh ... yxrqHk; "m;odkif;wpfck
oifwm oHk;v&SdNyD ... ckxufxd uRrf;uRrf;usifusif rupm;wwfao;bl; ... }}
]]tJ'gawmh nDrav;&JYtjypfyJ ... udk,fharmifav; "m;odkif; uRrf;uRrf;usifusif upm;Edkifatmif oifjyzdkYu
tpfrvkyfwJhol&JY wm0efyJ ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... }}
xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsHK;u awmifatmufokYd jyefqif;cdkif;awmh\/ tu,f rdrdwdkY\*dkPf;wlarmifESrrsm;u
vdefvdefrSm wpfnvHk; rdrdESifh awmifxdyfwGif&Sdaeonfudk &dyfrdoGm;Muygu odkYavmodkYavm awG;p&mjzpfoGm;Mu
ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkaeYnaeapmif;wGirf l vkdka&muf&Sdvmonf/ vdefvdef tat;rd zsm;aeonfhowif;udkyg
,laqmifvmojzifh vihf[lcsHK; tvGefpdwfyloGm;awmhonf/ xdkowif;udk Mum;vkduf&vQif Mum;vkduf&jcif;
iSufozG,f tawmifwyf vdefvdeftm; oGm;Munfhvkdufcsifrdawmh\/
vkdkonf olYtpfudkBuD;u vdefvdet
f ay: arwmouf0ifaerSef; odojzifh ESpfodrfhvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... vdefvdeftwGuf bmrSpdwfryleJY ... a&m*gu odyfBuD;us,fwm r[kwfygbl; ... aq;aomuf
&if aysmufoGm;rSmyg ... }}
odkYaomf wu,fhwu,fwGifrl vdefvdef\tzsm;onf wpf&ufESpf&ufESifh raysmufbJ t&ufESpfq,fcefYMumrS
aysmufawmh\/ tzsm;aysmufrSrMumrDyif vdefvdefonf awmifay:odkYa&muf&Sdvmawmh\/ &Tifvef;0rf;ajrmuf
aomolum; vifh[lcsHK;yifjzpfawmhonf/
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;\ rsufESmudMk unfhum ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
258
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD;vnf; aeraumif;bl;eJY wlw,f ... bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufawmif ydefoGm;wmvJ ... }} [k ar;vkduf

\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]ig aeaumif;ygw,f ... ig ... igu ... }}
vdefvdefonf csufcsif;oabmaygufoGm;\/
]]tpfudkBuD;u uRefrtwGuf odyfNyD;ylyefaMumifhusaewmudk; ... uRefr bmrSrjzpfawmhygbl; ... aumif;oGm;
ygNyD}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf vdefvdef\vufuav;udk w,kw,udkif ...
]]vdefvdef ... tck ig rif;udk awGUvkduf&vdkY pdwfat;oGm;ygNyD ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmhonf/ vdefvdefu &,f&if; ..
]]uRefruawmh tpfudkBuD;udk aeYwdkif;awGYw,f ... }}
[k jyefajymonf/
]]b,fvdk ... nDrav;u ighudkawGUw,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u wtHhwMoar;vkdufawmhonf/
vdefvdefu&,f ...
]][kwfwmaygh ... uRefr aeraumif;wJt
h csdefrSm tdyfrufrufwdkif; tpfudkBuD;udkawGYwmyJ ... [dkaeYwkef;u
tzsm;awGodyw
f ufNyD; ua,mifuwrf;awG avQmufajymrdw,f ... tpfudkBuD;eJYuRefr ajymcJhwJhpum;awGudkyJ
a,mif,rf;NyD;ajymaew,fvdkY tarujyefajymw,f ... aemufNyD; [dkaeYu uRefr awmifxdyfrSm wpfnvHk;aeoGm;
wmudkyg odoGm;w,f ... }}
[k ajymjyonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESmonf &JceJjzpfoGm;NyD; txdwfxdwftvefYvefYjzifh ar;vdkufrd\/
]]q&mr pdwfq;dk oGm;ovm; ... }}
vdefvdefu ..
]]taruawmh pdwfawmhrqdk;ygbl; ... 'gayr,fh ... }}
olronfvnf; pum;udk qHk;atmifrajym&Jawmhay/ &SufaoG;vTrf;onfh rsufESmuav;udk acgif;iHkYom
aevdkufawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; qufrar;&Jojzifh pum;vrf;aMumif;ajymif;um ...
]]nDrav; ... rif;u tckrS emvefxqdkawmh usef;rma&;udk *kpdkufaemf ... }}
vdefvdefu ..
]]uJ ... tpfudkBuD;vnf; xrif;pm;OD; ... tpfudkvkdku uRefrudkajymvkdufw,f ... tpfudkBuD;u xrif; vHk;0
rpm;awmhbl;wJh ... t&ufcsnf;yJ aomufaewmyJwJh ... [kwfvm; tpfudkBuD; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &Suf&rf;&rf;onfhavoHjzifh ..
]]tvum; ... 'Daumif r[kwfu[kwfuawG avQmufajymaewm ... }}
[k ajymvkdufawmh\/
xdkpOf
av;at;uav;wpfcsuf
a0SY,rf;wdkufcwfvkdufaomaMumifh
vdefvdef\wpfudk,fvHk;
wkefcgoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u pdk;&drfwBuD;jzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
259
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nDrav; ... rif;u tckrS aeaumif;pyJ &Sdao;w,f? b,ftat;cHvdkY jzpfrvJ ... jyefawmh ... nDrav;
jyefawmh? aEG;aEG;axG;axG;ae ... rif;vnf; usef;usef;rmrm&SdwJhaeYusrS ighqDudk vmawGYawmhaemf ... }}
]][kwfuJh tpfudkBuD; ... uRefr jyefawmhr,faemf ... usef;rma&;udk owdxm;aemf ... }}
xdkaeYrSm vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY taysmfqHk;aeYyifjzpfawmh\/ vdefvdef jyefqif;oGm;onfESifh avxJwGif xckefaerd
awmhonf/ aemufwpfaeYwGif vdefvdefwpfa,muf vifh[lcsHK;\trSmpum;t& awmifxdyfodkY wufrvmawmhacs/
vkdkxHrS vdefved fusef;usef;rmrm &SdaeaMumif; od&Sd\/
&ufaygif;ESpfq,fausmfrQ Mumvmaomtcg vdefvdefonf opfoD;jcif;wpfjcif;udkqG
J wufvmawmh\/
olru vifh[lcsHK;udk aphaphMunfhum ...
]]tpfudkBuD; jyef0vmNyD ... }}
[k 0rf;omtm;& ajymvkdufawmh\/
vdefvdef\rsufESmwGif aoG;a&mifrsm; vTrf;wufaeonfudk awGYvkduf&ojzifh aumif;pGm usef;rmoGm;NyD
jzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsHK; odvkdufonf/ xdkYaMumifh NyHK;&,f&if; ...
]]nDrav; ... rif;&JYtom;t&nfawGawmif jyefNyD;pdkpdkjynfjynf jzpfvmNyD ... ig odyf0rf;omwmyJ ... }}
[k ajymvkdufrdawmh\/
]]uRefr 'DavmufMumrS tpfudkBuD;udkvmMunfhwm tpfudkBuD; uRefrudkpdwfrqdk;bl;vm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;cgjyojzifh vdefvdefu qufajymonf/
]]taru vmcGifhrjyKbl;odvm; ... &moDOwku odyfat;w,fwJh ... }}
olronf pum;udk acw&yfem;vdkufNyD;rS ...
]]tpfudkBuD;udk 'DopfoD;awG pm;apcsifvdkY wrifvmydkYwm}}
[k ajymawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGmjzifh awG;vkdufrd\/
]]nDrav;u ightay: wu,fhudk oHa,mZOf&SdwmyJ}}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;pm;&ef opfoD;rsm;\tcGHudk ETmay;onf/ olru vifh[lcsHK;pm;aeonfudk
NyHK;Munfh&if; ..
]]'DopfoD;awGudk uRefreJY armifav; twlwl oGm;cl;Muwm ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]b,fol ... armifav; [kwfvm; ... }}
vdefvdefu &,f ..
]]aMomf ... vifrdefusufudk ajymwmavtpfudkBuD;&JY? tckwavm uRefru olYudk armifav;vdkYyJac:w,f ...
wpf&ufrSm olu uRefrudkvmajymw,f ... 'DopfoD;awGudk awmxJrSmawGYcJhowJh ... 'geJY uRefru olYudkac:NyD;
oGm;cl;cJhwm ... b,fhES,fvJtpfudkBuD; ... pm;vkdYaumif;&JYvm; ... }}
[k opfoD;&yHkudk &Sif;jy&if; jyefar;vkdufonf/
]]aumif;w,f ... pm;vkdYawmfawmfaumif;w,f ... 'geJY nDrav;u olYudk raigufawmhbl;vm; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
260
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aigufwmaygh ... uRefrpum; em;raxmif&ifvnf; aumif;aumif;qlypfwmyJ ... tckwavm awmfawmf

vdrmvmw,f ... 'gaMumifh odyfrqlawmhygbl; ... ol "m;odkif;usifh&ifvnf; BudK;BudK;pm;pm;usifhvmw,f ...
'gaMumifhrdkY wpfcgwpfavawmif csD;usL;rdao;w,f ... }}
]]nDrav;udk,fwdkif olYudk oifay;aewmvm; ... }}
]][kwfw,f tpfudkBuD; ... olYpum;u zkusdK;e,foHaygufaeawmh usefwJhvlawGu odyfem;rvnfMubl; ...
uRefru zkusdK;e,fa&mufzl;awmh olY&JYpum;udk em;vnfaewmaygh ... 'gaMumifh tazu uRefrudkoifay;cdkif;wm
... uRefr awmifay:rwuf&awmhb;l wJh ... olYudk "m;odkif;oifay;ae&awmh uRefrvnf; rysif;awmhbl;aygh ...
olu Pfodyrf qdk;bl; tpfudkBuD;&JY ..twwfvnf;jrefw,f ... }}
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ajymvdkufyg\/
]]nDrav;udk aMumufawmhrSmaygh ... rif;u tpfrBuD;vnf; [kwfw,f ... q&mrvnf; [kwfw,fqdkawmh
... olurif;&JYpum; em;raxmif&JbJ aeyghrvm; ... }}
]]olu wpfrsdK;tpfuBdk uD;&JY ... vHk;0pum;em;raxmifwmvnf; r[kwfbl; ... raeYnu olYudkac:w,f ...
awmMuufoGm;zrf;r,fvdkYac:w,f ... olu rvdkufbl;wJh ... olu [dk ]vQyfpD;aMumif;eJYa&wHcGef} qdkwJh "m;odkif;
uGufESpfuGuu
f dk aumif;aumif;avhusifhvdkY r&ao;bl;wJh ... tJ'DESpfuGufavhusifh&rSmrdkY olrvdkufEdkifbl;wJhav
...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u wtHhwMoajymvkdufonf/
]]tvdk ... bk&m;a& ... ol 0gqef;*dkPf;udak &mufwmurS oHk;av;vavmufyJ&Sdao;w,f ... olu b,fhES,f
'D"m;odkif;ESpfuGuftqifhxdatmif a&mufae&wmvJ nDrav; ... igwdkY*dkPf;&JY"m;odkif;u tajccHuae wpfxpf
csif; wuf&wmaemf ... t&rf;ckefwufNyD; usifhray;eJY ... }}
]]tdk ... tpfudkBuD;uvnf; pdwfcsprf;yg ... uRefru b,fausmfvTm;NyD;oifay;rvJ ... 'gayr,fh olu
odyfBudK;pm;wm tpfudkBuD;& ... olu aeYvnf;usifh ... nvnf;usifh wpfcsdefvHk;"m;eJY eyrf;vHk;aewmyJ ... olYudk
pum;ajym&ifawmif oHk;av;cGef;avmuffyJjyefajymw,f ... ol avhusifhaewmudk vHk;0tysufrcHbl; ... olu
'Davmufusifhaeawmh olrsm;awGu wpfESpfavmufusifh&r,fhodkif;uGufawGudk olu wpfvavmufeJY wwfoGm;
wmyJ ... uRefru wpfcgwpfav upm;zdkYac:&ifawmif rvdkufcsifbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf NidrfoufwdwfqdwfoGm;awmhonf/ ol\&ifxJ rGef;usyfouJhodkY cHpm;vm&\/
olYyg;pyfxJrS opfoD;rsm;\t&omudkyif olrodawmhacs/ vifh[lcsHK; awG;awmai;armaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;\vufudkqJG &,farm&if; ar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... bmawGawG;NyD; ai;aewmvJ ... ajym}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf rcsdNyHK;uav; NyHK;um yg;pyfxJrS 0g;vufpopfoD;rsm;udk 0g;rsdKvdkuf\/ ol\pdwfxJ ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;bmjzpfaewmvJ ... nDrav;u aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aewwfw,fqdkwm rif;rodbl;vm; ...
igr&Sdawmh olYcrsm vifrdefusufudk tazmfvkyf&awmhrSmaygh ... 'gbmrsm; xl;qef;aevdkYvJ ... rif;u bmrsm;
'Davmuf o0efwdkNyD; oabmxm; ao;ae&wmvJ ... }}
[k olYudk,fol jyefajymaerdawmh\/
xdkodkY olYudk,fol jyefvnfqef;ppfvdkufaomtcgusrS olY&ifxJ ayghyg;vef;qef;oGm;awmhonf/
o0efwdkrIrygaom tcspfonf tcspfppfr[kwf[k qdkaeMuonf r[kwfygavm/
vdefvdefonf ,ckwpfacguf awmifay:rSjyefqif;oGm;NyD;onfhaemufydkif;wGif vkdkom xrif;vmydkYaeawmh
\/ vkdkxrif;vmydkYwdkif; vdefvdeftaMumif;udk vkdktm; ar;jref;rdonfcsnf;omjzpf\/ vkdk\trlt&mrsm;rSm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
261
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vnf; wpfpHkwpfckxl;jcm;aeyHk&onf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;\&ifxJwGif rcsifhr&Jjzpfvmawmhojzifh vkdktm;

taotcsm ar;jref;rdonf/ odkYaomf vkdkuvnf; aoaocsmcsm a&a&&m&mrajzacs/
vdefvdeftwGuf tvGefpdk;&drfylyefpdwfay:vmNyD; twif;tusyf ar;aomtcgrS vkdku ajymawmhonf/
]]nDrav;u aeaumif;ygw,ftpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD;qD rvmwmuawmh q&mu cGifhrjyKvdkYeJYwlygw,f
... tpfudkBuD; awmifay:rSmodkif;avhusifhaewmawG ysufpD;rSmpdk;vdkYvm; rodbl; ... }}
vkdkqDrS od&onfhowif;rSm rQomjzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap vdefvdef usef;usef;rmrm&Sdonf qdkojzifh
0rf;omae&awmhonf/
odkYjzifh wpf&ufNyD;wpf&ufukefqHk;vmcJh&m vifh[lcsHK;rSm vdefvdefudkom apmifharQmfaerdawmhonf/ xdkpOf
vdefvdefawmifay:odkYwufvmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefw&m 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfoGm;awmh\/ vdefvdef
rSm ,cifuxufydk jynfhjynfh00jzpfvmum tom;t&nfvnf; pdkpdkjynfjynfjzpfvmonfudkawG&Y \/
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;\&ifxJwGif ..
]]aMomf ... ol aumif;aumif;aeaumif;aeNyDyJ ... bmjzpfvdkYrsm; ighudkvmrawGYwmygvdrfh ... 'Davmuf
&ufawGMumrS ighudk 'DwpfacgufyJvmawGYw,f ... wu,fyJ q&meJYq&mru 'DudkrvmzdkY wm;jrpf xm;vkdYrsm;
vm; ... }}
[k awG;awmvdkufrdonf/
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESm&dyfrsufESmuJudkMunfh&if; &SufaoG;vTrf;aomrsufESmjzifhar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'D&ufawGrSm tpfudkBuD;qDukd uRefrvmrawGYvkdY pdwfqdk;aeovm;[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ..
]]pdwfrqdk;ygbl; ... {uE q&mu 'Dudkrvm&bl;vdkY nDrav;udk wm;jrpfxm;vdkYaerSmaygh ... }}
]][kwfygw,f tpfudkBuD;&JY ... tazu uRefrudk "m;odkif;topfwpfck oifay;aew,f ... 'D"m;odkif;u odyf
cufwmyJ ... uRefrawmifay:wuf&if pdwfysHUvGifhNyD; "m;odkif;aumif;aumif; rusifhEdkifrSmpdk;vdkY uRefrudk awmif
ay:ay;rwufwm ... }}
]]bm ... "m;odkif;topf [kwfvm; ... bmwJhvJ ... }}
]]rdk;oD;rd;k aygufq,fhudk;uGufav ... }}
vifh[lcsHK; wtHhwMo ajymvdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... nDrav;awmif 'D"m;odkif;udk pusifhaeNyD [kwfvm; ... at; ... [kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ...
'D"m;uGufawGu odyfIyfwm ... enf;enf;rS pdwfysHUvGifhvkdYr&bl; ... }}
odkYaomf olYpdwfxJwGif tvGefYtvGef tHhMoaerdonfuawmh trSefyif/ "m;odkif;uGufwGif tuGuf
q,fhudk;uGufom&Sdaomfvnf; vSnfhajymif;uGufrsm; tvGefrsm;\/ vSnfhajymif;uGufwpfuGufarhvQif "m;odkif;
wpfckvHk; avhusifhr&awmhay/
vdefvdef\vuf&Sdodkif;ynmt& rQcufcJaom"m;odkif;udk ravhusifhEdkifao;ay/ tb,faMumifh q&mu
avhusifhoifMum;ay;aeonfudk ol oabmraygufEdkifatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]nDrav; ... q&mudk,fwdkifrif;udk 'D"m;odkif;usifhwJhae&mrSm avhusifhbuftjzpf oifay;aewmvm; ... }}
vdefvdef\rsufESmuav;onf &JceJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
olru ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
262
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tazu tcsdefr&Sdbl; tpfudkBuD;&JY ... 'gaMumifh armifav;vifrdefusufudk uRefr&JYavhusifhbuftjzpf

avhusifhcdkif;w,f ... tazuajymw,f ... armifav;&JYrsdK;dk; "m;odkif;jzpfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;uGufawGu qef;w,fwJh
... uRefr&JY rdk;oD;rdk;ayguf "m;uGufeJYqdk tawmfyJwJh ... vifrdefusufeYJ wJGzufNyD;avhusifhqdkNyD; cdkif;xm;vdkY tck
armifav;eJY wJGNyD; avhusifhae&w,f ... }}
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkvm; ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD; 0rf;rombl;vm;[if ... }}
]][ ... igu bmjzpfvdkY0rf;rom&rSmvJ ... rif;taeeJY 'DvkdcufcufcJcJ"m;odkif;rsdK; pEdkifNyDqdkwm rif;&JY
"m;odkif; wd;k wufvmw,fqdkwmudk jywmyJ ... }}
]][ifhtif; ... uRefrawmh r,Hkbl; ... tpfudBk uD;&JY rsufESmtrlt&mudMk unfh&wm odyfraysmfovdkbJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;jyvkdufonf/ ol rnfodkYrnfyHk NyHK;onfjzpfap ol\tNyHK;rSm EGrf;,Jh,hJom jzpfaeaMumif; ol
udk,fwdkif rod&Smay/ vdefvdefu ..
]]tpfudkBuD; rajymayr,fh uRefr odygw,f ... tpfudkBuD;pdwfxrJ Sm rTifrvef;BuD; jzpfoGm;&wmu uRefreJY
vifrdefusuf "m;odkif;avhusifhaeMuvdkY r[kwfvm; ... olY"m;odkif;ynmu tpfudkBuD;&JYynmeJY b,f,SOfvdkY&rSmvJ
... wjcm;pDyJOpm}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&rS pdwfxJTifTifvef;vef; jzpfvmonf/ xdkYaMumifh vdefvdeftm;
ajymvkdufonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if tck nDrav;wwfxm;wJh rdk;oD;rdk;ayguf"m;odkif;uGufudk prf;MunfhMu&atmif ... }}
vdefvdefuvnf; 0rf;omtm;&atmf ...
]][m ... odyfaumif;wmaygh ... uRefr 'DaeYvmwmuvnf; ... }}
vdefvdefonf pum;udk wpf0ufwpfjyufBuD;ESifh &yfxm;vdkufonf/ olronf &SufNyHK;uav; NyHK;ae\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'DaeY nDrav;vmwmuvnf; ighudk odkif;uGuftopfudk <um;rvdkYayghav
[kwfvm; ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... uJ ... uJ ... prf;Munfh&atmif ... "m;xkwf ... }}
vdefvdefuvnf; &,f&if; "m;udk qJGxkwfvkdufonf/
]]uRefr 'D"m;odkif;uGufudkwwfoGm;&if tpfudkBuD; uRefrudk tEdkifusifhvdkYr&awmhbl; ... }}
]]tHr,f ... nDrav;udk b,fwkef;u tEdkifusifhcJhzl;vkdYvJ}}
]]uJ ... xm;yg ... tpfudkBuD;&JY"m;udk rxkwfao;bl;vm; ... }}
]]rvdkao;bl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\nmvuf0g;udk "m;ozG,fvkyfjyvkdufonf/ csufcsif; a&SYodkYckefxGufvkduf\/ yg;pyfrS ...
]]'gu csifcsef;*dkPf;&JY xif;SL;"m;odkif;uGufyJ ... }}
[k ajym&if; ol\nmvufjzifh vdefvdef\ycHk;udk ykwfcsvdkufonf/
vdefvdefonf aemufodkYqkwfvdkufum "m;jzifh vihf[lcsHK;\vuf0g;udk z,f&Sm;vdkuf\/ olru atmfajym
vkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; owdxm;aemf ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK;&,f&if; ..
]]upm;prf;yg ... pdk;&drfraeeJY ... ig rckcHEdkifbl;xif&if "m;udkxkwfrSmaygh ... tckawmh &ygao;w,f ... }}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
263
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefu rausreyfjzifh ar;vdkufonf/

]]tpfudkBuD;u uRefr&JYrdk;oD;rdk;ayguf"m;odkif;udk vufeJYwu,f&ifqdkif&Jovm; ... }}
]]&ifqdkif&Jwmaygh nDrav;&JY ... rif;u tckavhusifhvdkYrS rNyD;ao;wm ... 'Dawmh igu vufeJYNydKif&wmaygh
... wu,fvYkd avhusifhNyD;oGm;NyDqdk&ifawmh ig b,f&ifqdkif&JrSmvJ ... }}
vdefvdefonf i,fpOfuwnf;u vifh[lcsHK;utvdkvkdufojzifh t&m&mwGiftEdkifvdkcsifonfhpdwf udef;atmif;
aeonf/
olronf &ufrsm;twGif; rdk;oD;rdk;ayguf"m;odkif;udk yifyifyef;yef; avhusifhcJhonf/
xdkYaMumifh olrudk,folr tawmfwdk;wufaeNyD[k xifrSwfaecJhonf/
odkYaomf ,ckrl olr\tpfudkBuD;u "m;ESifhrNydKif vufESifhNydKifrnf[kqdkaomtcg pdwfqdk;a'goxGufvm
awmh\/
olr\rsufESmuav;onf wjznf;jznf; wif;rmvmum
]]wu,fvdkY uRefr&JY"m;eJY tpfudkBuD; 'Pf&m&oGm;&if uRefrukd pdwfrqdk;&bl;aemf ... tazeJY tarudkvnf;
wkdifrajym&bl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,f ..
]]wdkufyg nDrav;&m ... ighudk xdcdkufrSm pdk;&drfraeygeJY? tm;ukefomxkwfNyD;wdkuf ... 'grS ynmppfppf
xGufvmrSm}}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
ajymNyD;onfESifh ol\b,fbufvufuvnf; vdefvdeftm; ]0SD;} ceJ ckwfcsvkdufjyef\/
vdefvdefu atmf ..
]]b,fvdkvJ tpfukBd uD;&JY b,fbufvufuvnf; "m;yJvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\vufudk jyefkyfvkdufonf/ rkyfvQif rjzpfacs/ vdefvdef\vufudk xdcdkufoGm;rnfjzpf
ayonf/ olu &,f&if; &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
]]csif;csef*dkPf;&JY xif;SL;"m;odkif;uGufrSm "m;udk b,fnmajymif;udkifwJh "m;uGuf&Sdw,f ... }}
vdefvdefu wtHhwMojzifh ...
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkvm; ... }}
[k ajymvkdufonf/
ajymNyD;onfESifh olruvnf; jyefvnfwdkufcdkufawmhonf/ olr\"m;odkif;uGuf rqdk;vSaMumif; awGY&Sd&
ojzifh vifh[lcsHK;u csD;usL;vkdufonf/
]]"m;uGufuawmh aumif;w,f ... 'gayr,fh odyfrjrefao;bl; ... }}
]]rjrefao;vdYak ygh tpfudkBuD;&JY ... jref&iftpfudkBuD;&JY ycHk;jyKwfoGm;NyD ... }}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'gjzifh ckwfMunfhav}}
vdefvdefrSm a'goxGufvmNyD; "m;udk tpGrf;ukefxkwf wdkufcdkufawmh\/
wpfBudrfwGifrl vifh[lcsHK;yif aemufodkY uref;uwef; qkwfvdkufavonf/
ausmjyifrSm ausmufeH&HESifhyif uyfoGm;awmhonf/
vdefvdefonf tm;&auseyfpGm&,f&if; ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... "m;udk rxkwfao;bl;vm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
264
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; &,f&if;jyefajzvkdufonf/
]]xkwfrSmaygh ..cPapmifhygOD; ... }}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;udk qufwdkufjyefawmh\/ twefMum wkdufckdufNyD;aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf
kwfw&uf a&SYodkY wpfvSrf;wufvkdufNyD; vuf0g;apmif;udk "m;tjzpfoHk; ckwfcsvdkufonf/
vdefvdefu uref;uwef; "m;udkajrmuf umvkduf&awmh\/
tuGufrSm vifh[lcsHK;vdkcsifaom tuGujf zpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\b,fbufvufudk kwfw&ufxkwfvdkufNyD; vufdI;jzifh vdefvdef\"m;udk awmuf
vkdufonf/
vdefvdef\vuf0g;wpfckvHk; xHkusOfoGm;um "m;udk vHk;0rqkyfudkifEdkifawmhbJ vTwfcsvkduf&awmhonf/
"m;rSm avxJodkY vGifhpOfxGufoGm;&mrS acsmufBuD;xJodkY usoGm;awmhonf/
vdefvdef\rsufESmwpfjyifvHk;onf jzLa&mfoGm;um vifh[lcsHK;udk pdkufMunfhvkduf\/ olr\EIwfcrf;udkvnf;
jywfusvkrwwf udkufxm;awmhonf/
tcspf rsufpdr&Sd? xdkYtwl trkef;vnf; rsufpdr&Sdacs/
______
pmpOf (3) NyD;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
265
okdif;avmu\ pdefac:oH
pmpOf (4)
pmpOf(4)
rmwdum
tceff;(22)
tcef;(23)
tcef;(24)
tcef;(25)
tcef;(26)
tcef;(27)
arwmrkefwkdif;
xl;qef;aom "m;uGuf
rzdwfac:bJa&mufvmaom{nfhonf
wdkufav awmfav
{u&mZf udkuGuf
*dkPf;csKyfvkjcif;
scanned by NEO@mmcp

'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol nnnaing
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
268
280
294
301
317
327
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
arwmrkefwdkif;
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wxdwfxdwf &ifckefaeawmh\/ ol\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]ig b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ? ig b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvJ? nDrav;eJYig "m;odkif;usifhupm;cJhBuwm q,fESpfausmfjyD
wpfcgrS 'Dvdkrnmrwm r&SdcJhzl;bl;? ig b,fhES,faBumifh 'Davmuf &uf&ufpufpuf vkyfrd&wmvJ}} [k ,lusHL;
r&awG;awmaerd\/ ol\ tjyKtrltwGuf tvGefaBuuGJaerdonf/
vdefvdefonf ajcuav;udk aqmifhum csufcsif;vSnfh awmifajcodkY ajy;qif;oGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]nDrav; .. nDrav; .. ig &Sif;jyyg&apOD; }}
vdefvdefu vHk;0ta&;rpdkufawmh/ awmifatmufodkYom wpf&Sdefxdk; qif;ajy;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl xdkae&myif ausmufkyfBuD;ozG,f ai;aBumif&yfaerdawmhonf/
ol\OD;acgif;wpfckvHk; qlyGufaeojzifh rnfonfht&mudkrQ ,xmblwusus pOf;pm;&ef rwwfEdkifbJ jzpfae
&awmhonf/ twefBumawmhrS olYpdwfudk tenf;i,f xdef;odrf;Edkifawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf pdwfxJ pOf;pm;vkdufonf/
]]cgwdkif;qdk&if ig tjrJwrf; olYudkiJhnSmcJhwmyJ? igu olY"m;udk bmjzpfvdkY dkufxkwfvkduf rd&wmvJ? ig
bmawGrausreyf jzpfae&wmvJ? tif; [kwfjyD ... [kwfjyD ... igpOf;pm;rdjyD? igwpfa,mufwnf; 'DrSmae&vdkY
a'goBuD;aewm jzpf&r,f? aemufwpfcg olvm&ifawmh olauseyfatmif awmif;yef&awmhrSmyJ ...}}
odkYaomf vdefvdefrSm vHk;0ay:rvmawmhay/ xdkYaBumifh vihf[lcsHK;rSm pdwfaomuaBumifh pm;r0if tdyfraysmf
jzpfvmawmh\/ aemuf 18 &uf BumaomtcgrSom olronf vkdkESifhtwl a&mufvmawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;\
&ifxJ ajymp&mpum;rsm; jynfhusyfaeonf/ vdefvdeftm; awmif;yefvdkonfh pum;rsm;onf ESvHk;om; tjynfh
todyf&Sdaeonf/ odkYaomf vkdk&Sdaeojzifh rnfodkYrQ vSpf[ rjzpfEdkifawmhay/
vkdkonf olYtpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfukd odem;vnfoljzpf&m olu ... ]]nDrav; .. tpfudkBuD;eJY
pum;ajymaecJhOD;? ig t&ifjyefESifhr,f}}
olu vifh[lcsHK;zuf vSnfh ajymvdkufjyefonf/ ]]tpfudkBuD; uRefawmfjyefr,f ..}}
vdefvdefu&,f ...
]]bm&rvJ? tpfudkvkdku ... twlwlvm&if twlwljyef&rSmaygh}} [k ajym&if; olronfvnf; rwfwwf
&yfvkdufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
268
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]nDrav; cPaeygOD; .. ig rif;eJY pum;ajymp&m&Sdw,f? jznf;jznf;jyefwmaygh ..}}

vdefvdefu jyHK;&,f&if; .. ]]'gjzifhajymav ... tpfudkBuD; ajymp&m&Sdwmomajym? vm ... tpfudkvkdkvnf;
em;axmifaygh}} [k ajymaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]nDrav;&JU"m; ..}}
vdefvdefu pum;pjzwf ajymvkdufonf/
]]'gvm; ... 'gu ta&;rBuD;ygbl;? uRefru tarhudkajymjyD;ygjyD? "m;odkif;avhusifh&if; acsmufxJusoGm;
w,fvdkY ajymvkdufw,f? tazu aemufxyf "m;aumif;wpfvuf &Smay;r,fwJh? ta&;rBuD;ygbl; ..}}
olru ta&;rpdkufovdkajymav ... vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY tae&cufavyif jzpfaeawmhonf/ vdefvdef\ tjyKtrl
tajymtqdkrsm;onf vifh[lcsHK;\ tonf;ESvHk;udk wpfppD ajcGcsouJhodkY jzpfaeawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u .. ]]nDrav;twGuf"m;udk igawmifay:u qif;wJhtcgusrS tjyifrSm&Smay;r,f ..}}
vdefvdefu&,f&if; ... ]]tdk ... udk,fhnDtpfudk armifESrtcsif;csif; Opm ... bmjzpfvdkY 'D"m;wpfacsmif;
twGufeJY tyifyef;cHae&wmvJ ... "m;vGwfusoGm;&wmuvnf; uRefr&JUodkif;ynmu nHhvGef;vdkYr[kwfvm;?
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
269
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
270
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271
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wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
308
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
309
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
310
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ol\pum;qHk;onfESifh vufESpfzufonf oHnyfyrm rdrd\vufESpfzufudk wif;usyfpGm vma&muf
qkyfudkifxm;vkdufonfudk odvkduf&awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfrQ "g;okdif;ynmawmfonfjzpfap ,cktcsdef rsdK;
rnfodkYrQ ckcHEdkifpGrf;r&Sdawmhacs/ xdkpOf tjcm;wpfa,mufu ...
]]rif;u vdrmygw,fuGm/ jidrfjidrfuav;aeyg?/ aumifrav;u rif;udkawGYcsifaeowJh ... igwdkY pum;udk
aumif;aumif;em;axmif/ rif;u vdrmygw,f}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ... ]]ao&ifraumif;bl;uG? rif;om udk,fhukd,fudkowfaor,fqdk&if igu rif;udk
raor&SifjzpfatmifvkyfjyD; aumif;aumif;ESdyfpufjyr,f}}
aemufwpfa,mufu 0ifajymvmjyefonf/
]]rif; bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ/ olaooGm;wJhaemuf rif;uolYudk b,fvdkvkyfjyD; raor&Sif
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xdkpOf tjcm;wpfa,muf 0ifajymjyef\/
]]rif;wdkYESpaf ,mufu olYudkacsmufvSefYcsif&if 'Dvdk ajAmifzGifhrajym&bl;uG/ ajAmifzGifhajym&if b,fajcmuf
vSefY&m usawmhrvJ}}
xdktcg raor&Sif ESdyfpufrnf[k ajymcJholu ... ]]igbmom acsmufcsifvdkY acsmufwm rif;eJY bmqdkifovJ/
rif; bmvkyfcsifvdkYvJ}}
xdktcg racsmufvSefY&[kajymaom vlxl;vlqef;onf rnfonfhpum;rQ rqdkbJ jidrfoufaeawmh\/
odkUaomf tjcm;wpfa,mufu ... ]]rif;wdkY ajymaewmawGu r[kwfao;ygbl;/ tm;vHk;r[kwfwmawG
avQmufajymaeBuw,f/ ighpdwfxifawmh olYudk aumif;aumif;acsmhjyD; ajymoifhw,f}}
xdkpOf acsmufvSefYcsifpdwf&Sdolu ... ]]racsmhbl;/ igawmh acsmufrSmyJ}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ... ]]igawmh racsmufbl;/ acsmhrSmyJ}}
odkYjzifh xdkESpfa,mufonf xdkpum;vHk;udo
k m tjyeftvSef jiif;ckefaeBuawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;onf
tdwfBuD;xJwGif a&muf&Sdaeojzifh aBumufvnf;aBumufvefYaeonf/ a'govnf; xGufaeonf/ xdkpOf
vlxl;vlqef;ajcmufa,muf\ r[kwfwkwf jiif;ckefaeyHkukd Bum;od&aomtcg xdkolrsm;ESifh ywfouf vnf;
awG;awmaerdonf/
]]tif; ... 'Dvlajcmufa,muf[m odkif;ynmawmh awmfawmfuav; awmfyHk&Buw,f/ 'gayr,fh OD;aESmuf
odyfaumif;yHkawmhr&bl;? OD;aESmufomaumif;r,fqdk&if 'Dr[kwfr[wf pum;av;awGudk b,f tBuD;tus,f
jiif;ckefaeyghrvJ}}
xdkYaBumifh olu atmf ajymvkduf\/
]]usKyfudk cifAsm;wdkYacsmufvJ tvum;yJ/ acsmhvnf;tvum;yJ/ usKyfvQmusKyfudkufjyD; aoypfvkdurf ,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
332
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcg olYyg;ESpfzufpvHk; emusifoGm;awmhonf/ vlwpfa,mufu tdwftjyifrS ol\yg;ESpfzufudk

vufjzifhnyfudkifxm; vkdufaomaBumifhjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\yg;pyfrSm vHk;0vIyf&Sm; r&awmhacs/
wpfa,mufu ajymvkdufonf/
]]a[haumifawG 'Daumifav;u awmfawmfacgif;rmwJhaumifav;/ olYvQmol udkufjzwfvdkuf&if b,f
pum;ajymEdkifawmhrvJ? ol pum;rajymEkdif&if [dkaumifrav;u olYudk oabmusygOD;rvm;}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ... ]]vQmudkudkufjzwfjyDqdk&if aojyDuG/ pum;ajymEkdifwm rajymEkdifwm ajymraeBu
eJYawmh}}
aemufwpfa,mufu 0ifajymjyefonf/
]]raoEkdifbl;uG/ r,Hk&if prf;Bunfhygvm;}}
t&ifajymonfh wpfa,mufu ...
]]ig taotcsmajymw,f/ aoudkao&r,f/ 'gaBumifh igawmh rudkufbl;/ rif;r,Hk&if rif;udkuf Bunfhaygh}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ... ]]rif;wdkYu ighudk&efpwmvm;/ igu bmjzpfvdkY udk,fhvQmudk,f udkuf&rSmvJ/ [kd; ...
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xkdpOf vkkd\ ]tm;} ceJ atmfoH Bum;vkduf&awmhonf/ vkkdtm; 0dkif;zrf;vkdufjyDjzpfaBumif; vifh[lcsHK;
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dk fBunfhprf;/ aoovm; raobl;vm;/ ig odcsifw,f}}
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]]rudkufbl;? usKyf rudkufbl;}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf vkkdtwGuf pdk;&drfvSojzifh tdwfBuD;xJrS atmfvkdufawmh\/
]]vTwf .. usKyfudkvTwf}}
xdkpOf vlwpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;udkBunfhEkdif&ef rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;ae&m tdwfay:rS taygufESpfayguf
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xkdvlqef;rsm;xJrS wpfa,mufu ...
]]rif; ... udk,fhudk,fudk owfraobl;vdYk ighudkuwday;&if rif;udkvTwfay;r,f? b,fhES,fvJ uwd
ay;ovm;}}
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wpfa,mufu ... ]]awGUvm;? vQmudkudkuf&if aorSmwJhuG? ol ajymaejyD}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ... ]]olrS raoao;wm? 'DvdkajymvdkY b,f&rvJ/ vufawGUolYvQmudk udkufcdkif;jyD;rS ol
ajymwm ,Hk&r,f}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ... ]]rif;wdkYbmrS ajymraeeJY/ ol vQmrudu
k fao;wmayghuG? vQmudu
k fwmeJY aoaejyD}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf tjyif;txef kef;uefygaomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rwwfEkdifbJ jzpfaeonf/ aemufrS
tBuHwpfck&vkdufjyD; ]tm;} ceJatmfum arhvJusoGm;[ef aqmifvkdufawmh\/
xdktcg vlxl;vlqef; oHk;a,mufwdkYu wpfjydKifeuf atmf[pfvdkufBuawmh\/
]][m ... 'kuyJ}}
]]'Daumifav; vefYjyD;aooGm;wmuG}}
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]]wu,faow,fxm;OD;/ ao&if 'Dvdkawmh ratmfbl;uG}}
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aooGm;jyD[k xifrSwfoGm;jyD; csHK;yJGcs idkaBuG;avawmhonf/
xdkpOf wpfa,mufu ... ]]a[haumifawG? ig taotcsmajym&Jw,f? 'DaumifvefYjyD; aooGm;wmuG}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
333
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]'Daumifu b,fvdk aowmvJuG}}

vlqef;rsm; wpfa,mufwpfayguf ajymcsif&m ajymaeonfudk onf;rcHEkdifawmhbJ vifh[lcsHK;u atmfajym
vkdufonf/
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aojyD[k xifrSwfxm;aom vifh[lcsHK;xHrS pum;ajymoHudk Bum;vkduf&aomtcg vlxl;vlqef;
ajcmufa,mufwYo
dk nf vefYzsyf xckefrdBuawmh\/ jyD;rS oabmaygufoGm;Bu[efjzifh w[m;[m;
&,farmBuawmh\/
]]vufpowfawmh 'Daumifu raoao;bl;udk;/ tif; ... awmfawmf [efaqmifaumif;wJh aumifyJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]usKyfu [efaqmifwm r[kwfbl;As ... wu,faooGm;wm ... tckrS jyef&Sifvmwm ...}}
xdktcg wpfa,mufaomolu ... ]]rif; wu,fawmfwJhaumifyJ ... udk,fhtaBumudk,f ydwfjyD; owfaowJh
ynmu odyfcufrSmyJ ... ighudk oifprf;yguGm ...}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ... ]]a[haumif ... rif; 'Daumifav;qDrSm oGm;ar;raeeJY/ 'Daumifav; bmrS
rwwfbl;uG ... 'Dynmu odyfcufwJh ynm 'Daumifav;u rif;udknmaewmuG ..}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf pdwfwGif;rS &,fcsifaeaomfvnf; r&,fEdkifacs/ olu ... ]]cifAsm;wdkYu usKyfudk nmw,f ...
'Dynmrwwfbl; .. bmnmeJY ajymaeBuw,f ... 'gjzifh&if usKyf apmapmwkef;u udk,fhtaBumudk,fydwfjyD;
aojywmudk cifAsm;wdkYu bmjzpfvdkY arhxm;BuovJ}}
xdkolu acgif;ukwfum ... ]]at; .. [kwfom;yJuG ... 'g awmfawmfxl;qef;wm}}
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh vlxl;vlqef; ajcmufa,muftaBumif; aumif;aumif;od&avjyD/ olrsm;onf
odkif;ynm vGefpGmxufjrufvSolrsm; jzpfaomfvnf; aygoGyfoGyf cyfaBumifaBumif jzpfaeBumif; odvkdufjyD;
jzpfayonf/ xdkYaBumifh olu ... ]]cifAsm;wdkY usKyfudk vTwfray;bl;qdk&ifawmh usKyfudk,fusKyf taBumydwfjyD;
aoawmhr,f ... aemufwpfcgqdk&ifawmh b,fenf;eJYrS usKyf jyefr&SifEdkifawmhbl; ...}}
xdktcg olwdkYxJrS ESpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;\ ajcvufrsm;udk csKyfudkif xm;vkdufBuawmh\/ xkdtcg
vkkdu atmf[pfvkduaf wmhonf/
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wpfa,mufu ... ]]'Daumif odyfvQm&Snfygvm; ... 'DavmufvQm&Snw
f Jhaumif ... owfypfrSat;r,f ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u uref;uwef;atmf[pf wm;jrpfvkduf&awmhonf/
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pum;rajymEkdifatmifawmh vkyfxm;rSjzpfr,f ...}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh olu vufacsmif;jzifhxdk;vkduf&m jyif;xefaom avvIdif;wpfck xGufay:vmjyD; vkkdrSm
wpfcsufrQomatmf[pfEdkifum aemufxyf vHk;0toHrxGufEdkifawmhbJ vJusoGm;awmh\/ vkkd\ taBumudk
xdk;ydwfvdkuf[efwl\/
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ay:vmawmh\/
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tifeJYtm;eJY vltiftm;odyfrsm;aew,f... igwpfa,mufwnf; vdkufoGm;vdkYvnf; odyftusdK;xl;p&m rjrifbl; ...
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odkY pdwful;vkdufrdojzifh olwdkYudknmac:Ekdif&ef ol\ aoe*FAsL[mudk pwifawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK; u
acgif;udkwGifwiG fcg,rf;&if; .. ]]cifAsm;wdkY&JU odkif;ynmav;u rjzpfpavmufuav;udk;}} [k rcHcsifpdwf
ay:atmif qGay;vkdufawmh\/
xdktcg olwdkYxJrSwpfa,mufu ... ]]rjzpfpavmuf uav;qdk&if rif;u igwdkYzrf;wmudk bmjzpfvdkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
334
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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rkef;Ekdifbl;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]usKyfu 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm tnHhqHk;wynfhyJ ... usKyfudkzrf;wm bmrsm;cufvdkYvJ ...
usKyfudkzrf;EkdifvYdk cifAsm;wdkYajcmufa,mufudk bmrStxifBuD;p&mr&Sdbl; ... tckavmavmq,f usKyfwdkY
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orm;awG a&mufaeBujyD ... olwdkYeJY cifAsm;wdkY ynmjydKif&Jovm; ...}}
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'DaumifawG tckb,frSmvJ ... vm .. tckoGm;awGYr,f ...}}
xdkpOf rsufESmIHUwGaeaom tjcm;wpfa,mufu ... ]]a[haumif ... rdef;uav;u igwdkYudk aumif;qef;*dkPf;
wdkY bm*dkPf;wdkYeJY &efjzpfcdkif;vkdufwmr[kwfb;l ... jyemoGm;r&SmeJY ... vmyg? igwdkY oGm;p&m&SdwmoGm;r,f ...
udk,fhvrf;udk,o
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dk dk odyfrkef;qdkyJ ... tJ'DvlawG awGY&if
yk&Gufqdwfukd vufeJYzdacsowfovdk owfypfr,f ... 'gayr,fh 'Dvlajcmufa,mufu olwdkYemrnf udkBum;wmeJY
ta0;uae xGufajy;oGm;awmh olwdkYudk b,fvdkrS &SmrawGYEkdifatmif jzpfaeawmh pdwfnpf w,fwJh ... wu,f
o&JabmaBumifwJh ajcmufa,mufvdkY ajymvkduaf o;w,f ..}}
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]]bm aumif;qef;*dkPf; ... bm xdkufqef;*dkPf;vJ ... igwdkY tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu 'DaumifawGudk igwdkYeJY
wlw,fwefw,fvkYd tdyfrufxJawmif xnfhrrufbl;uG ...}}
]]'DaumifawGu aoGmudk awmfawmfoGm;csifBuw,fayghav ... owfr,f ... 'DaumifawGudk ykGufqdwf
acsovdkudk owfjyr,f ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]cifAsm;wdkYuawmh ... cifAsm;wdkYudk,f cifAsm;wdkY tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufvdkY ac:Buw,f ...
[dkvlawGusawmh wpfrsdK; ... usKyfem;xJrSmawmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufvdkY rBum;rdygbl; ... bmwJh ...
o&JajcmufaumifwJh ... tJ'g tjrJwrf; ac:aeBuwmyJ ... 'DrSm cifAsm;wdkY ajcmufa,mufpvHk;udk usKyfu
owday;vkdufr,f ... apwemeJY owday;wmyg ... 'DvlawGudk oGm;rawGYygeJY ... 'DvlawG&JU odkif;ynmu
wu,fhudk aBumufp&maumif;ygw,f. .. rawGUwm[m cifAsm;wdkYtzdkY ab;&efuif;wmygyJ ...}}
xdktcg rsufESmeDeDESifh vlqef;wpfa,mufu atmfvkdufonf/
]]r&bl;uG ... igwdkY 'Daumifhudk owf&rS auseyfr,f}}
rsufESmIHUwGaeaomvlu ... ]]a[haumifawG ... Bunfh&wm tajctae odyf[efyHk r&bl;uG ...
aumif;qef;*dkPf;u vlawG 'Dvdkajym&Jw,fqdkawmh olYrSm wu,fh xdyfoD;odkif;ynm &SdvdkYjzpfr,fuG ... igwdkYu
tJ'Dvludk EdkifcsifrSEkdifrSm ... igwdkY oGm;&efr&Smwm taumif;qHk;yguGm ...}}
rsufESm&Snf&Snf vlqef;wpfa,mufu 0if ajymawmhonf/
]]tpfudkav;u owdtenf;qHk;yJ ... 'DaumifawGeJY csawmifrcs&ao;bl; ... b,fhES,fh IH;r,fvdkY taotcsm
ajymae&wmvJ ...}}
rsufESmIHUwGaeonfh tpfudkav;qdkolu ... ]]rif;rBum;bl;vm; ... olwdkYajymwJhpum;udk ykGufqdwf acsovdk
acsowfvdkuf&if igwdkY 'kura&mufaybl;vm; ..}}
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335
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
'DrSm&Sdaew,fqdkwm owif;Bum;jyD; vku

d fvm&if cifAsm;wdkY xGufajy;zdkY tcsdef&SdawmhrSm r[kwfbl; ...}}
xdktcg rsufESmIHUwGaeaomvlonf xdkpum;udk Bum;vkdufonfESifh csufcsif;yif ckefayguf ajy;xGuf
oGm;awmh\/ vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; xkdvl\tpteudkyif rjrif&awmhacs/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl xdkvl\ udk,fazmhodkif;ynm rQ aumif;rGefaeonfukd awGUvdkuf&aomtcg tvGefw&m
xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/ rsufESm&Snf&SnfESifh vlqef;u ...
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aBumufwwfwv
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uwdwpfckay;&r,f ...}}
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[dka&muf&if usKyfajymwJhpum;udk cifAsm;wdkY em;axmif&r,f ..}}
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aygufu&awGvnf; avQmufrvkyfBuygeJY ... awmfawmfBum okdif;avmu u xdyfoD;odkif;orm;awGa&SYrSm
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'gaBumifh usKyfajymovdkvkyfyg ... cifAsm;wdkY t&SufuGJ&if usKyfvnf;rsufESm ysufwmyJ ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;\ pum;rsm;udk vlxl;vlqef; ig;a,mufwdkYu omomBunfBunfESifhyif vufcHoabmwl
Muonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ... ]]aumif;jyD ... cifAsm;wdkYuwdudk usKyf,Hkw,f ... aumif;qef;*dkPf;u cifAsm;wdkYudk
apmfum;wJhvludk oGm;wkdufBupdkY ... usKyfaemufudk vdkufcJhBuayawmh ...}}
oluajymajymqdkqdkESifh a&SUrS cyfwif;wif;avQmufoGm;awmh\/ twefBumaomtcgrS rsufESmIHUwGae
aomvlrSm awmtkyfwGif;rS acgif;wjyLjyLESifh aemufbufrS wdwfwqdwf cdk;aBumifckd;0Suf vkdufygvmonfudk
awGU&\/ rsm;rBumrD olwdkYvltkyfem;odkY a&Smuf&Sdvmawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u xdkol\ owdenf;yHkudk od&SdjyD;jzpf
olwdkYESifhtwlwuG xdkol vdkufygvmatmif pum;wpfrsdK;jzifh pnf;Hk;&awmh\/
]]a[hvl vmprf;yg ... usKyfwdkYeJYtwlwlyJ vdkufcJhprf;yg/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;u odkif;ynmrSm cifAsm;wdkYeJY
trsm;BuD;uGmygw,f ... olwdkYudk vHk;0aBumufzdkYrvdkygbl; ... usKyfwdkYu pm&if;&Sif;zdkY oGm;BuwmyJ Opm ... vm
vkdufcJh ...}}
xdkvlonf vifh[lcsHK;\ pum;udk Bum;vdkuf&aomtcg pdwfoufom&m &oGm;jyD; ol\tkyfqdk; vSaom
rsufESmBuD; tjyHK;yef;rsm;yGifhvmawmh\/ vif[
h lcsHK;wdkYESifhtwl pdwfygvufyg vdkufygvmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJ ... ]]tif; ... 'Dvlxl;vlqef; ajcmufa,mufu enf;enf;aBumifawmifawmif
aygoGyfoGyfjzpfaewmuvGJvdkY pdwfoabmxm; rqdk;vSygbl; ... &kd;ajzmifhyHkvnf;&w,f? vlqdk;vl,kwfrmawG
awmh [kwf[efrwlbl; ... olwdkYeJY taygif;toif;vkyf&wmvnf; odyfrqdk;vSygbl; ...}} [k awG;aerdonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u jyHK;&,f&if; ... ]]cifAsm;wdkY tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuawmh .. wu,fhudkausmfBum;ayghAsm ..
cifAsm;wdkY *kPfowif;udk usKyfawmh tjrJBum;ae&wmyJ .. cifAsm;wdkY wpfa,mufpD&JUemrnfudk usKyf
odcGifhr&Sdbl;vm; ...}} [k olwdkYtm; ajrmufyifhar;jref;vkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
336
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vlxl;vlqef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf olwdkY\ *kPfowif;udk vifh[lcsHK;u tjrJwrf;Bum;ae&onf[k

ajymBum;vkdufaomtcg tvGeftm;& auseyfoGm;awmh\/
rsufESmIHUwGaeaomvlu a&S;OD;pGm vufraxmif ajymvkdu\
f /
]]iguawmh tpfudkBuD; axmifuef;yJ ...}}
]]iguawmh 'kwd, axmif&Srf; ..}}
]]igu wwd,vm; pwkwvm;awmh rodbl;uG? emrnfuawmh axmifusuf ..}}
]]at; ... [kwfw,f .. igeJY oleJYu cJG&cufaew,f ... igvnf; pwkwvm; wwd,vm; rodbl; ..
ighemrnfu axmifcsuf ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u wtHwBo ar;vkduf\/
]]b,fvdk ... cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufu b,fol wwd,? b,fol pwkwqdkwm rodBubl;vm; ..}}
axmifusufu ... ]]igwdkYESpfa,mufu rodwm r[kwfygbl; ... igwdkYtaru arhoGm;wmyg ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdkpum;udk Bum;vkdu&f aomtcg ydk wtHhwBo jzpfoGm;jyefawmhonf/
]]b,fvdkaBumifh cifAsm;wdkYudk tazeJYtaru arhoGm;Bu&wmvJ ...}}
axmifusufu &Sif;jyonf/
]]taru igwdkYESpfa,mufudk a&SUqifhaemufqifharG;wmyJ ... tpwkef;uawmh b,fol wwd,? b,fol
pwkwqdkwm aoaocsmcsmodw,f ... aemufawmh arhoGm;awmh igwdkYESpfa,mufvnf; a&mukef awmhwmyJ ...}}
xdkpOf axmif&ufu axmifusuftm; vufnSdK;xdk;jyD; ...
]]olu ighqDu wwd, twif;vkaewJhaumifaygh ... ighudkawmh pwkwvkyfcdkif;w,f ... igu olYudk
]tpfudkoHk;} vdkY ac:&rwJh? rac:&if igeJY&efjzpfwmyJ ... iguvnf; oem;jyD; vkdufavsmvdkufygw,f ...}} [k
ajymavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if;... ]]vufpowfawmh cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufu tjrTmyl;nDtpfuku
d dk;...}}
ajym&if;rS olYpdwfxJwGif wD;wdk;ajymvkdufrdawmhonf/
]]'Dvdk oGyfacsmifacsmiftarrsdK; &SdaerSawmh tckvdk l;aygaygom;awGvnf; arG;vmawmhwmaygh ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf usefESpfa,muftm; ar;aigh ar;vdkyfonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,mufua&m ...}}
]]igu axmif0g;uG ...}}
]]igu axmifquf ...}}
xdkpOf axmif0g;u ...
]]igwkdYnDtpfudkawGxJrSm ighemrnfu tvSqHk; r[kwfvm;? rif; ajymprf; ..}}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,farm ... ]][kwfw,f ... cifAsm;emrnfu odyfvSwmyJ ... usefwJhemrnfawG uvnf;
vSwmcsnf;yJ .... usKyfrSmom 'DavmufvSwJh emrnfrsdK;&Sd&if b,favmufrsufESmyGifhvkdufrvJ rodbl; ...}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf[k ac:wGifaom vlxl;vlqef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf usyfrjynhfpdwfxm; &Sdol
rsm;jzpf&m vifh[lcsHK;\ csD;usL;oHrsm;udk Bum;vkduf&aomtcg tvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpfjyD; tvGefauseyfoGm;
Muawmhonf/ olwdkY\pdwfxJ vifh[lcsHK;tm; taumif;qHk; tawmfqHk;vl[k owfrSwfvdkufBuawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u &,farm&if; .. ]]uJ .. usKyfwdkY&JU &efolawGqD csDwufBupdkY ..}} [k ajymvkdufawmhonf/
odkYjzifh rBumrDyif 0gqef;*dkPf;\ cef;rBuD;wnf&Sd&modkY a&muf&Sdvmawmh\/
_____
pmpOf (4) NyD;ygNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
337
pmpOf (5)
pmpOf(5)
rmwdum
tceff;(28)
tcef;(29)
tcef;(30)
tcef;(31)
tcef;(32)
tcef;(33)
tcef;(34)
tcef;(35)
thHzG,fajcmufa,muf
twGif;tm;jzifh ukojcif;
a&Smifwdrf;jcif;
aoaygif; &Sifaygif;
rdk;xJavxJ wdkufyGJ
tEdkifrcH tHI;ray;
ajymrxGufaom a0'em
aT"m;&Sif tdrfBuD;
scanned by NEO@mmcp

'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol HarryLwin
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
htetkgkin
HarryLwin
HarryLwin
HarryLwin
HarryLwin
HarryLwin
340
350
362
373
387
402
409
421
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf
cef;rwnf&Sd&modkY a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg avmifwuf? vefzm;? pD;usdKuf? vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusuf tp&Sd
onfh *dkPf;wlnDtpfudk armifESrrsm;u tjyifbufwGif &yfaeonfudkawGY&\/ olwdkYav;a,mufpvHk;\ rsufESm
rsm;onf dI;i,fEGrf;a&mfvsuf&MSd uonf/ kwfw&uf jzpfay:vmaom jyemrsm;onf olwdkY\ESvHk;om;udk
pdk;&drfaomu Asmyg'wdkYjzifh ylavmifapvsuf&SdaecJhacsNyD/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;udk kwfw&ufawGUvkduf&aomtcg olwdkY\ dI;i,faeonfh rsufESmrsm;onf csufcsif;vdkvkd
yif 0if;xdefawmufyoGm;awmh\/ olwdkY ukefqHk;avsmhyg;aeaom tm;tifrsm; jyefvnfjynfhjzdK;vmouJhoYdk xif
rSwfvdkufMuawmhonf/
avmifwufonf vifh[lcsHK;em;odkY tajy;tvTm; a&muf&Sdvmum ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... q&mwdkY txJrSm {nfhonfawGeJY pum;ajymaeMuw,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYtm; acwrQ&yf&ef vuf[efajc[efjzifh jyvdkufonf/ tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,mufuvnf; vifh[lcsHK; tcsufjyonfudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifh&yfaeMu\/ vifh[lcsHK;u avmifwuftm;
...
]]avmifwuf ... 'gu igholi,fcsif;awG ... rif;wdkY bmrSpdk;&drfraeMueJY ... ig txJ0ifMunfhr,f ... }}
[k ajymvkduf\/
xdkYaemuf olu jywif;aygufodkY avQmufoGm;NyD; twGif;bufodkY vSrf;Munfhvkdufavawmhonf/
xdktcg {nfhonfrsm;xdkifonfhxdkifcHkwGif udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfBuD;rm;aom tbkd;BuD;wa,mufxkid fae\/
ol\nmvufwGif r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyftvHudk udkifxm;\/ xdkvlonf vkdkajymonfh aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS xdyfoD;
odkif;orm; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xdkvl\ atmufbufwGifrl toufav;q,fausmfcefY&Sdaom &aohwpfyg;xdkifaeonf/
olESifhcyfvrS f;vSrf;tuGmwGifrl toufoHk;q,fausmfcefY&Sdaom r,foDv&Sifwpfyg;ESifh toufig;q,ft&G,f
cefY&Sd tbkd;BuD;wdkYxdkifaeMu\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
340
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkY\ t0wftpm;rsm;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh csHK;qef;? [efqef;? xdkufqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;jzpfaMumif;

uJGuJGjym;jym;yif od&SdEkdif\/
xdkoHk;a,muf\ aemufbufwGifrl toufig;q,fausmf vloHk;a,muf xdkifaeMu\/
olwdkYtm;vHk; "m;udk,fpD csdwfqJGxm;Muonf/
"m;rSm 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; udkifqJGtoHk;jyKavh&Sdaom "m;trsdK;tpm;yif jzpfawmh\/
yxrwpfa,muf\ rsufESmrSm tvGew
f &m wif;rmcufxefaeayonf/
vkdkajymxm;onfh pum;rsm;t& rSe;f qMunfhaomtcg xdkvlonf zkef;ykrdefqdkoljzpf[ef&Sdayonf/
q&mESifhq&mrwdkYurl tdrf&Sifxdkifonfhpm;yJG xkdifvsuf&Sdae\/
xdkpOf csHK;qef;*dkPf;rS tbdk;BuD;u ...
]]aemifBuD; &ufykcRef ... cifAsm;wdkY*dkPf;&JYudpudk usKyfwdkYtjyifvlu 0ifrpGufwmawmh trSefygyJ ... 'gayr,fh
usKyfwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;u r[mrdwfzJGUxm;Muawmh 0ifrpGufoifhayr,fh 0ifpGufae&wmygyJ ... bmaMumifh
pGuf&ovJvdkYar;&if taMumif;&Sdaew,fvdkY ajz&rSmygyJ ... wu,fvdkY usKyfwdkYxJu wpf*dkPf;*dkPf;u raumif;
awmhbl; ... emrnfysufp&m tvkyfwpfckck vkyfNyDqdk&if usefwJhav;*dkPf;vnf; emrnfysuf&awmhrSmygyJ ...
r[mrdwfawGzJGUxm;Muwmudk; ... 'gaMumifhrpGufcsifayr,fh 0ifpGufaeMu&wmyg ... usKyfwdkY csHK;qef;*dkPf;?
[efqef;*dkPf;eJY xdkufqef;*dkPf;awG 0ifrpGufoifhbl;qdkwm rrSefawmhygbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf aqG;aEG;aeonfh pum;oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vGefpGmpdwfoufom&m&oGm;onf/
olwdkY &efrjzpfMuao;/
,ck ol a&mufvmNyDjzpf q&mwdkYbufu wpfpHkwpfck 0ifulnDEdkifaeayNyD/
&ufykcRef\ZeD; zl;vifu ...
]]&SifhajymyHk qdkyHku r[kwfao;ygbl; ... &Sifhpum;u uRefrwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;u r[kwfrrSefwmawG avQmuf
ajymaew,fvdkY qdkvkdaeyHkaygufw,f ... uRefrwdkY*dkPf;&JUvkyf&yf[m &SifwdkY*dkPf;awGudk odumusapw,fvdkY qdkvdk
aewmvm; ... }}
csHK;qef;*dkPf;rS vl\emrnfrSm zefvifHkjzpf\/
trSefpifppf csHK;qef;*dkPf;rS vlonf 0gqef;*dkPf;\twGif;a&;udpESifh rnfodkYrQ rywfoufacs/
okdYaomf xdkolrSm pum;tvGefrsm;oljzpf udk,fESifhqdkifonfjzpfap rqdkifonfjzpfap 0ifa&mufpGufzufrnfh
vlrsdK;omjzpf\/
,ck zl;vif\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg oa&mfNyHK; NyHK;vkdufonf/
]]0gqef;*dkPf;udk wu,ftkyfcsKyfwmu b,folrsm;vJ rodbl; ... }}
zl;vifu ... olr\a,musfm;jzpfol &ufykcRefESifhtwl tusdwfte,f 0ifa&mufaqG;aEG;aeojzifh a,musfm;
jzpfol *dkPf;csKyfBuD;xufyif tmPmydkjyif;aeoa,mif apmif;csdwfvku
d fNyD; &ufykcRefu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;avm
zl;vifu *dP
k f;csKyfBuD;avm[k oa&mfajym ajymvdkufjcif;omjzpfay\/
zl;vifu ..
]]uRefrwdkYu &SifwdkYudk {nfonfqdkNyD; cGifhvTwfygw,f ... 'gayr,fh {nfhonfu {nfhonfpum;ajymwmyJ
aumif;ygw,f? 'gaMumifh &SifhtaeeJY pum;ajym&if qifqifjcifjcifajymyg ... }}
zefvifHku ceJYNyHK;NyHK;vdkufNyD; ..
]]usKyfuvnf; {nfhonfjzpfaevdkYaygh ... wu,fvdkY 'Dae&mrSmom 0gqef;*dkPf;&JYXmecsKyfr[kwfbJ wjcm;
wpfae&m&momqdk&if usKyfu cifAsm;acgif;udk jzwfypfvdkufNyD ... }} [k kdif;pdkif;pGmajymawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
341
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zl;vifu ..
]]uRefrawmh 'Dvdk rvkyf&Jbl; ... uRefrwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;u &SifwdkY*dkPf;&JYudpudk 0ifrpGufbl; ... uRefrwdkYu
bDvl;pnf; vlpnf; cJGjcm;xm;w,f ... pnf;rJhurf;rJh ajymcsifwdkif;ajym ... vkyfcsifwdkif; vkyfwmr[kwfbl; ...
&SifwdkY*dkPf;uvl raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJYaygif;vdkY aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfu 0ifajz&Sif;vdkufwmyJ r[kwfvm; ...
&SifhwdkY*dkPf;udpudk uRefrwdkYu 0ifpu
G fzdkY rvdkygbl; ... }}
olr\pum;rsm;onf tvGefw&mudk xdrdvSawmh\/ csHK;qef;*dkPf;rS vQdKusufzkef;rSm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;
om;ESifh aygif;rdojzifh aemufqHk; wpfrdom;pkvHk; towfcHcJh&ayonf/ xdktcsufudk odkif;avmu wpfckvHk;u
od&SdcJhNyD;jzpf\/
olru udpudk jyefazmfvdkufjcif;rSm csHK;qef;*dkPf;om;wdkYonfvnf; r[mrdwftzJGY\pnf;urf;rsm;
usL;vGefazmufzsufwwfMuyHkudk xkwfazmfceJYvkdufjcif;omjzpf\/
zl;vif ypfcwfvkdufaom jrm;csufonf ypfuGif;wnfhwnfhodkY xdrSefoGm;awmh\/
zefvifHkonf zl;vif\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tBuD;tus,f rsufESmysufoGm;NyD; cufxefpGmjzifh
atmf[pfvkdufawmh\/
]]cifAsm; pum;ajym&ifMunfhajymyg ... b,f*dkPf;rSmrqdk raumif;wJhwynfhqdkwm &SdpNrJyg ... odk;tkyfwpftkyf
rSm odk;rnf;wpfaumifawmhygpNrJyJ ... usKyftck 0gqef;*dkPf;udk vm&wmuvnf; taMumif;rJhvmwm r[kwfbl;
... zkef;ykrdefudk ulnDNyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;xJu vlq;dk awGudk z,f&Sm;ypfzdkY vdkufvm&wm ... }}
zl;vifu ceJNY yHK;NyHK;&if; at;at;aq;aq;yif jyefajymvkdufonf/
]]b,folvJ vlqdk;qdkwm ... uRefra,musfm;u vlqdk;vm; ... uRefrwdkYuawmh udk,fha,musfm;udk kd;kd;yJ
ac:wmyJ? 'gayr,fh odkif;avmuu yk*dKvfawGuawmh uRefra,musfm;udk ]opm&Sif"m;orm;} vdkY ac:Muw,f ...
emrnf*kPfqdkwm udk,fhvnfyif;udk,fcsdwfvdkY &wmrsdK;r[kwfbl; ... olY&JY twdwfypKyef vkyf&yfawG awmfwnfh
ajzmifhrSefrSom xdkufwefwJh emrnf*kPfudk oufqdkifwJh avmutodkif;t0kdif;u *kPfjyKay;tyfMuwm ... emrnf
*kPfvdkcsifvGef;vdkY emrnf*kPf&Edkif&atmif xrif;0dkif;BuD;awGyifhauR;NyD; tzdk;te*wefwJh wefpdk;vufaqmifawG
ay;vkdYvnf; ppfrSefwJhemrnf*kPfudk r&Edkifbl;&Sifh ... a&SUrSmom tm;emyg;emeJY [efaqmif*kPfjyKMurSm ... taoG;
tom; tdk;xJuawmh tJ'Dvludk bmemrnf*kPfrS ay;tyfrSmr[kwfbl; ... uRefra,musfm;&JU emrnfuawmh
tvsOf;oifhvdkY ajymjy&wmyg ... odyfajymcsifvSvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl; ... &Sifhemrnf*kPfudkawmh odkif;avmu u
b,fvdkay;xm;vJrodbl; ... }}
zefvifHkrSm rsufESmwpfcsuf eDjref;oGm;awmh\/ olYtm; odkif;avmuom;rsm;u ]odrf;iSuf} [k ac:Mu\/
]odrf;iSuf} [laom trnfrSm olYa&SUwGifac:aomtrnfjzpfNyD; olUaemufuG,fwGifrl ]usD;uef;} [kom ac:Mu
\/
taMumif;rSm zefvifHkonf pum;tvGefrsm;NyD; tifrwefpyfpkaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
zefvifHkonf acgif;wjyLjyLjzpfvmaom ol\a'gorsm;udk rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmhay/
]]tif; ... opm&Sif"m;wJh ... bmopm&Sif"m;vJ ... opmrJh"m;vdkYac:wmu ydkt"dym,fjynfh0ao;w,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ol\q&m &ufykcReftm; odkY yufyufpufpuf apmfum;onfh pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg
pdwfudk vHk;0rxdef;Ekdifawmhay/ a'gowBuD; atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]usD;uef;BuD; ... owd&Sd&ifxGufcJh ... }}
&ufykcRefonf {nfhcef;rtjyifbufrS vifh[lcsHK;\atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg csufcsif;yif wm;jrpf
vkdufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
342
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif; b,fvdkajymvkdufwmvJ ... q&mBuD;awGukd 'Dvdk dkif;kdif;pdkif;pdkif; rqufqH&bl; ... }}
zefvifHk\rsufvHk;rsm;um; rD;awmufrwwf jzpfaeacsNyD/ ol\a'goonfvnf; tqHk;pGefaom tajctae
odkY a&muf&SdaeacsNyD/ 0gqef;*dkPf;\wynfhBuD; vifh[lcsHK; csHK;qef;jrdKUxJ &SKyfaxG;ayGvDcJhaom owif;rsm;udk
vnf; olMum;rdNyD;jzpf olucsufcsif;yif jyefatmfvdkufawmh\/
]]aMomf ... igu b,folrsm;vJvdkY ... [dk rdef;rysufawGaewJhtdrfrSm oGm;aysmfyg;aewJhaumifudk; ... 0gqef;
*dkPf;u vlawmfawmfpHkwmyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf;&,fvsuf ..
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ... usKyf csHK;qef;jrdKUu cifAsm;ajymwJhtdrfa&mufawmh usD;uef;rav;wpfaumif
eJYawmif odcJhao;oAsdKU ... }} [k &,fusJusJjzifh jyefoa&mfawmh\/
&ufykcRefu a'gojzifh atmfvkdufawmh\/
]]rif; ... rif; bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK; qufrajym&Jawmhay/
xdkpOf zefvifHku wHcg;udk ]0kef;}ceJ aqmifhuefum tjyifbufodkY ckefxGufvkdufawmh\/
olonf vifh[lcsHK;udk jrifbl;olr[kwfay/
xdkYaMumifh 0gqef;*kdPf;om;rsm;bufodkY vufdSK;xdk; atmfvkduf\/
]]apmapmu atmfaewJh wd&pmef[m b,faumifvJ}}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; qdwfqdwfaeMu\/ zefvifHku aemufwpfBudrf atmf[pfar;vkdufjyefonf/
]]igar;aew,f ... apmapmu atmfaewJh wd&pmef[m b,faumifvJ ... }}
xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ..
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343
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344
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345
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
346
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
347
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&ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;onf xdktjzpfudkjrifrS kwfw&ufowd0ifvmNyD; xdkvlrsm;aemufodkY ckefxGufvdkuf
Muonf/
odkYaomf tjyifoYadk &mufaomtcg tHhzG,fvlxl;vlqef; ajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm rnfonfhae&modkY a&mufoGm;rSef;
vHk;0rod&awmhacs/ tjyifwGif tm;vHk;Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfvsuf&Sdaeacs\/
______
vifh[lcsHK;udk tHhzG,fvlxl;vlqef;ESpfa,mufwdkYu xrf;vmMuonf/ olwdkYqif;vm awmifwpf0ufcefY

a&muf&SdvmaomtcgrS vifh[lcsHK; jyefvnfowd&vmawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u rsufvHk;zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg tHhzG,fvlqef;ajcmufa,mufteufrS axmif0g;u rdrdtm;
pdk;&drfylyefpGm Munhfaeonfudk awGUvkduf&awmhonf/
axmif0g;onf vifh[lcsHK; rsufpdyGifhvmonfudk awGYvkduf&aomtcg 0rf;omtm;& atmf[pfvdkuf\/
]]Edk;vmNyD ... Edk;vmNyD ... 'Daumifav; Ekd;vmNyD ... }}
tHhzG,fvq
l ef;axmifqufu ...
]]raoygbl;vdkY igajymom;yJ ... 'Dvdk tomav; vuf0g;eJYwpfcsuf tdkufcHvdkuf&HkeJY aoEdkifyghrvm; ...
rif;wdkYyJ pOf;pm;MunfhMuygOD; ... }}
axmif0g;u ...
]]rif;ajymwm [kwfawmh[kwfw,f .... tJ'Dvuf0g;eJY rif;&JYudk,fudkkduf&ifawmh 'Pf&mb,f&EdkifrvJ ...
'Daumifav;eJYrif;eJYu wlwmrSr[kwfwm ... tck 'Daumifav;qdkawmh aocsifaorSmuG ... }}
axmifqufu ...
]]rif; bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ ... 'DrSmMunfhprf;? 'Daumifav; tckrSraowm ... rif;u bmjzpfvdkY
aor,f aor,feJY ajymae&wmvJ ... }}
axmif0g;u jyefacsyonf/
]]igu aocsifaor,fvdkY ajymwmuG ... taotcsmaor,fvdkY ajymwm r[kwfbl; ... }}
axmifqufu ..
]]tckqdk&if owdawmif jyef&aeNyDyJ ... aocsifaor,fqdkwJh pum;udk vHk;0roHk;&awmhbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ,ck vlxl;vlqef;BuD;ESpfa,muf\ t"dym,fr&Sd jiif;ckHaeyHkudk awGU&aomtcg 'Pf&m
tjyif;txef&xm;onfhMum;rS &,fcsifpdwfay:vmrdonf/ r&,fEdkifaomfvnf; tenf;i,fNyHK; ajymvkduf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
348
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]cifAsm;wdkY usKyftwGuf ylraeMuygeJYawmh ... vifh[lcsHK;qdkwJhaumifu tifrwef toufjyif;wJhaumifyg ...

awmfawmfeJY raoEkdifygbl; ... }}
axmifqufu 0rf;omtm;& atmfBuD;[pfus,fajymvkdufawmh\/
]]uJ ... rif;Mum;NyDvm; ... oludk,fwdkifajymwmyJ ... ol raoEdkifygbl;wJh ... olu tifrwef toufjyif;
w,fwJh ... 'geJYrsm;uGm ... rif;u apmapmwkef;u aocsifaor,f ajymaeao;w,f ... }}
axmif0g;u ..
]]rif; ighudk pum;uyfrajymeJY ... ig apmapmwkef;u tJ'Dpum;ajymwkef;u olu pum;rS rajymao;wm ...}}
axmifqufurl ol\pum;udk tcdkiftrm xyfajymaeawmh\/
]]olu rsufpdawmif zGifhvmNyDqdkawmh pum;vnf;ajymawmhrSmayghuG ... 'gu b,folrqdk cefYrSef;EdkifwmyJ
... }}
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
349
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twGif;tm;jzifhukojcif;
vifh[lcsHK;onf ESpfa,mufu qufjiif;aevQif wpfoufvHk; NyD;qHk;awmhrnfr[kwfrSef; odojzifh
wpfcsufrQ NyHK;vdkufNyD; ajymvkduf\/
]]usKyfu tpuawmh aorvdkYygbJ ... 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wdYv
k dk vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;ESpfa,mufu raozdkY ajymae
awmh usKyfu cifAsm;wdkY&JUpum;udk em;raxmifvkdY jzpfygawmhrvm; ... 'Dawmh usKyf b,f aojzpfawmhrSmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\ ajrmufvHk;yifhvHk;rsm;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tHhzG,fvlqef;ESpfa,mufpvHk; ESvHk;yDwd *Grf;
qDxdoGm;Muawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;udkvnf; ydkrdkcifrifpdwf aygufoGm;Mu\/
xdkYaMumifh olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;u ...
]]uJ ... igwdYt
k pfudkBuD;awGudk oGm;ac:vdkufOD;r,f}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh ajy;xGufoGm;Muawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;onf ywf0ef;usifudk rsufpdupm;vkdufaomtcg
tdrfBuD;wpftdrfxJodkY a&mufaeaMumif; odvkduf&awmh\/
ol tuJcwfrQ rqHk;ao;rD tjcm;tHhzG,fvlqef;av;a,mufyg a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/
xdkolwdkYonf at;csrf;pGm jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmMujcif;r[kwfay/ ajcmufa,mufpvHk; wpfa,mufwpfayguf
jiif;cHkvmMujcif;jzpf\/
wpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;\'Pf&mudk a&S;OD;pGm ukoay;oifhonf[k tqdkwif\/ tjcm;wpfa,mufu
xdktqdkudky,fcsNyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;udk jyefwdkufcdkuf&rnf[kajym\/ aemufwpfa,mufu xdkajymcsufudk y,fcsNyD;
tjcm;pdwfxif&mwpfckudk ajymjyefawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\'Pf&mrSm vGefpGmjyif;xefvSojzifh pum;oHk;av;cGef;rQomajymEdkifNyD; jyefvnfarhajrmoGm;jyef
awmh\/
uJhodkYowdvpfaepOf ol\wpfudk,fvHk;&SdaoG;rsm; ajymif;jyefvSnfhpD;aeouJhodkY &ifbwfwGif ysdKUcsiftefcsif
jzpfae\/
tvGefw&m tcH&qdk;0g;vSaom a0'emwpfckudk cHpm;ae&awmhonf/ twefMumaomtcg tenf;i,f
oufomvmouJhokYd cHpm;ae&mrS csufcsif; rD;yHktwGif; usa&mufoGm;ovdk ylylavmifavmifBuD; cHpm;vkduf&
jyefawmhonf/ xdYak Mumifh wpfcsufrQ nnf;nLvkdufrdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
350
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vlwpfa,muf\ toHudk vifh[lcsHK; Mum;vkdufrdonf/

]]toHrxGufeJY ... }}
xdktoH Mum;vkdu&f rS vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\rsufvHk;rsm;udk zspfSpftm;wif; zGifhMunfhvdkufrdawmhonf/
rdrdrSm t0wfrJhcEmudk,fjzifh ajrBuD;ay: vJavsmif;vsuf&SdaeNyD; ajcESpfzuf vufESpfzufudk tHhzG,fvlqef;
av;a,mufu udkifxm;Mu\/
tjcm;ESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufu ol\csufatmufudk vuf0g;jzifh zduyfxm;NyD; aemufwpfa,mufu
ol\i,fxdyfudk vuf0g;jzifh zduyfxm;\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm vGefpGmxdwfvefYwkefvSKyfoGm;rdawmhonf/
xdkpOf aEG;axG;ylavmifaom tm;vdIif;wpfcku ol\b,fbufvuf0g;rS0if b,fbufvufarmif;
wpfavQmuf &if0? csufatmuf? nmbufajc xdkrSwpfqifh aemufqHk; nmbufajcz0g;odkY a&muf&Sdjzwfoef;
aeonf/
xdkYjyif tjcm;ylaEG;aom tm;vdIif;wpfckuvnf; nmbufvuf0g;rS0if &if0? csufatmuf? b,fajcwdkYrS
wpfqifh b,fbufajcz0g;odkY 0ifa&mufaejyefonf/
uJhodkY ylaEG;aom tm;vdIif;ESpfckwdkYu olYcEmudk,ftwGif;udk uefYvefYjzwfNyD; pD;qif;ae&mu vifh[lcsHK;\
wpfudk,fvHk; acR;oD;acR;aygufusvsuf vGefpGmtae&cufaeawmh\/
olYtaejzifh tajctaeudk aumif;pGmoHk;oyfrdNyD;jzpfonf/
tHhzG,fvx
l l;vlqef; ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf rdrdudk olwkdY\twGif;tm;jzifh ukoay;aejcif;om jzpfonf/
xdkYtwGuf olwdkYudk aus;Zl;BuD;pGm wifrdonf/
olu olwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;\ twGif;tm;odki;f usifhpOfudktoHk;jyK ol\twGif;tm;udk csufatmufrS qJGwif&ef
BudK;pm;vkdufonf/
odkYaomf xdkodkYjyKvkyfvdkufrdonfESifh ol\csufatmufrS kwfw&uf "m;jzifhxdk;ckwfcHvkduf&ouJhodkY pl;&S
emusifoGm;rdawmhonf/ csufcsif;yif ]a0gh} ceJ aoG;rsm; xdk;tefvdkufrdawmh\/
tHhzG,fvq
l ef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf xdwfvefYwMum; atmfvkdufrdMuawmh\/
]][m ... 'kuyJ ... udk,fusdK;awmh enf;ukefNyD ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm owdjyefvpfoGm;awmh\/
xdkaemufydkif; wpfcsdefvHk; vifh[lcsHK;rSm owdvpfaeawmhonf/ ol\cEmudk,frSmrl tylwpfjcrf;? tat;
wpf0uf jzpfonfhtcgjzpfonf/
wpfcgwpf&H aEG;axG;ylavmifaom tm;vdIif;ESpfcku cEmudk,ftwGif; vSnfhywfajy;vTm;aeonfudk tcH&
cufvSpGm cHpm;vdkuf&NyD; wpfcgwpf&H tm;vdIif;av;ig;ajcmufckwYu
dk cEmudk,ftwGif;odkY wpfjydKifwnf;0ifum
wdkufcdkufwdk;a0SUaeonfudk qdk;qdk;0g;0g; cHpm;ae&jyefonf/
olYtaejzifh tcsdefrnfrQMumMum a0'emcHpm;ae&onf roday/
olYem;xJwiG f tHhzG,fvlqef;ajcmufa,muf\ pum;ajymoHrsm;udk uGJuGJjym;jym; Mum;ae&onf/
]]rif;wdkYMunfhMuprf; ... 'Daumifav; acR;wdwfoGm;NyD? igh&JUukoenf;urS wu,faumif;wmuG ... ighenf;
u enf;rSefqw
dk m aocsmoGm;NyD ... igu ightwGif;tm;udk 'Dvrf;aMumif;uaeydkYNyD; olYudk,fxJ vSnfhywfvTwfay;
vdkufw,f ... ol aumif;oGm;NyD ... }}
xdktcg olwdkYajcmufa,muf tjyeftvSef jiif;cHkMujyefawmh\/ tjcm;taMumif;t&mukd jiif;cHkMuonf
r[kwf/
vifh[lcsHK;tay: ukoenf;ESifh ywfouf olYenf;rSefonf ighenf;rSefonf jiif;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
351
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rsm;rMumrDyif olwdkYajcmufa,mufpvHk;u axGaxGxl;xl; pOf;pm;jcif;rjyKawmhbJ ukd,fhukoenf;ESihu

f dk,f
vifh[lcsHK;\ cEmudk,ftwGif;odkY twGif;tm;oGif;um vSnfhywfydkYvw
T fMuavawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm oufom&mvHk;0r&bJ atmhtefcsifovdk cHpm;vm&awmhonf/
ol\toHonf tjyifodkY vHk;0rxGufaomfvnf; olY&ifxJrl aMumufrufzG,f&m atmf[pfaeonfom jzpf
awmh\/
]]'kuyJ ... 'Dvlajcmufa,mufu apwemeJY ig&JY'Pf&mudk aysmufatmif ukowmrSefayr,fh olwdkY
ajcmufa,mufu wpfa,mufwpfrsdK;pDjzpfaeMuawmh ig olwdkYvufcsufeJY 'kua&muf&awmhrSmyJ ... }}
tHhzG,fvq
l ef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm wpfa,mufwpfcGef;jiif;&if; vifh[lcsHK;\cEmudk,fwGif;odkY olwdkYpdwfxif
ovdk olwdkY\twGif;tm;rsm;udk vSnfhywfaeap&m vifh[lcsHK;rSm wjznf;jznf; toufIaES;vmNyD; ESvHk;ckeftm;
vnf; aES;vmawmhonf/
twdkif;om qufoGm;aeygu rsm;rMumrDtcsdeftwGif; vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf toufxGuf&ayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;twGuf ukodkvfuHaxmufronfhtcsufum; tHhzG,fvlqef;ajcmufa,mufteufrS axmifusufqdk
ol\OD;aESmuftwGif;odkY taMumufw&m; 0ifa&mufvmjcif;yifjzpfawmh\/
axmifusufonf yxrOD;qHk; aMumufvefYvmNyD; ...
]]ig rvkyfawmhbl;a[h ... Munfh&wm odyftajctaeaumif;yHkr&bl;}} [k ajymvkdufawmh\/ NyD; ol\vuf
udk vifh[lcsHK;\udk,af y:rS z,f&Sm;vkdufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY tenf;i,fcHomoGm;onf/ axmifusufu aMumufvefYwMum; ol\vufudk vTwfvdkufaom
tcg axmifuef;uvnf; tvefYwMum; vTwfvdkufjyef\/
xdktcg usefvlrsm;uvnf; txdwfwvefY vTwfrdMujyefawmh\/
axmif&ufu ...
]]'DyHkeJYqdk&ifawmh 'Daumif 'Dawmifu ausmfEdkifr,frxifawmhbl; ... 'DaumifaooGm;&ifawmh 'kuyJ ... igwdkY
b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ...
]]rif;wdkY [dkaumifrav;udk oGm;ajymvkdufaygh ... 'Daumifhudk [dk*sykdkufvdkufwm aooGm;NyDvdkY ... }}
axmifuef;u ..
]]igwdkYtwGif;tm;eJY ukay;wJhudpudkaum ... ajymjy&ifaumif;rvm; ... }}
axmif&Srf;u cg;cg;oD;oD; wm;jrpfvkduf\/
]]'gudkawmh b,fenf;eJYrS ajymvdkYrjzpfbl; ... }}
axmifuef;u ..
]]aumifrav;u olYrSm 'Pf&m&xm;wmudkawmif igwdkYu bmjzpfvdkY ukoray;&wmvJvdkYar;&ifaum ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ..
]]'Dvdkqdk&if igwdkYuawmh ukawmh ukoay;w,f ... 'gayr,fh r&bl;vdkYyJ ajym&awmhrSmaygh ... }}
axmifuef;u ..
]]a[h ... 'Dvdkajymvdkuf&awmh aumifrav;u igwdkYudk taotcsmcsJawmhrmS yJ ... 'DtHhzG,fajcmufa,muf[m
enf;enf;rS toHk;rusbl;vdkY qJawmhrSmyJ ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ..
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
352
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aocsmw,f ... ajrBuD;udk vuf0g;eJYkduf&ifom vJGcsifvJGr,f ... aumifrav; qJr,fqdkwmuawmh

b,fawmhrSrvJGbl; ... igajym&Jw,f ... }}
axmifuef;u ..
]]'Daumifav;ao&if aumifrav;u a'goxGufr,f ... a'goxGuf&if igwdkYudk acG;vdkYqJr,f ... 'gyJ ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ..
]]aumifrav;u igwdkYudk wu,fqJr,fqdk&ifawmh acG;vdkYqJrSm r[kwfbl; ... }}
axmifuef;u ...
]]'gjzifh b,fvdkqJEdkifovJ ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ..
]]igwdkYajcmufa,mufu acG;eJYwlvdkYvm; ... olqJEdkifwmwpfckyJ&Sdw,f ... aMumifawGvdkY qJcsifqJr,f ... }}
xdktcg vHk;0pum;rajymao;onfh axmif&ufu 0ifajymawmhonf/
]]xDG ... igwdkYudk bmjzpfvdkY aMumifawGvdkY qJ&rSmvJ ... igwdkYajcmufa,mufu aMumifeJYwlvdkYvm; ... }}
axmif0g;uvnf; pum;0dkif;xJ 0ifvmawmh\/
]]olrsm;udk qJw,fqdkwm tJ'DaumifawGeJY wlzdkYrvdkbl;uG? qJcsifovdk qJvdkY&wmyJ ... wu,fvdkY wlwJh
aumifawGeJY qJr,fqdk&ifvnf; igwdkYurIp&mrvdkawmhbl; ... igwdkYu vlawGyJ ... 'Dawmh igwdkYudk vlvdkYyJ
qJ&awmhrSmaygh ... 'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; qJwmb,f[kwfawmhrvJ ... }}
axmifqufu 0ifajymjyef\/
]]aumifrav;u igwdkYudk vlvdkYqJvdkuf&if rif;u qJwmr[kwfbl;xifaeovm; ... tJ'g qJwmyJwJh ...
tJ'Dvl&JhaemufrSm pum;vHk;wpfvHk;wdk;vdkufNyD; igwdkYudk vlt? vle? vlqdk;? vlrdkufvdkYajym&if igwdkYudk tBuD;
tus,f qJwmayghuG ... acG;vkdYajymwmxufawmif ydkqdk;ao;w,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ckwifay: toufrQOf;rQOf;uav;om usef&Sdaeaomfvnf; vlxl;? vlqef;? vlt? vleBuD;
ajcmufa,muf\ jiif;cHkaeoHrsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg &,frdawmh\/
tb,fuJhoYdk tqifajyoGm;onf rodacs/ xdkuJhodkY &,fvkdufaomtcg toHxGufvmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\toHonf wdk;wdk;nif;nif; xpfxpfaighaighjzifh ...
]]cif ... cifAsm;wdkY usKyf ... usKyfudk 0gqef;awmifudk jyefydkYay;Muyg ... usKyf ... usKyf&JU q ... q&mu usKyf
toufudk u,fay;Ekdifygw,f ... }}
xdktcg axmifuef;u 0ifatmfawmh\/
]]bmajymw,fuG ... rif;q&mu rif;toufudk u,fay;Edkifw,fqdkawmh igwdkY tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuawmh
rif;toufudk ru,fEkdifbl;aygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf acgif;udkom tEkdifEkdifndwfjyEkdifawmh\/ toHvHk;0 rjyKEdkifawmhay/
axmif&ufu ...
]]rjzpfEdkifwm ... olYq&mu bmaumifrdkYvdkYvJ ... igwdkYtHhzG,fajcmufa,mufeJY ydkawmfvdkYvm; ... }}
axmif0g;u ..
]]tif; ... 'gjzifh&if igwdkY olYq&meJYt&ifqHk; pm&if;&Sif;vdkufMupdkY ... 'grS b,folawmfw,fqdkwm odoGm;
r,f ... }}
axmif&Srf;u ...
]]igwdkYav;a,muf wpfbufpD qJGypfr,f ... ]jAef;} ceJav;jcrf;jzpfoGm;&if udpjywfwmyJ ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
353
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifqufu ..
]]at; ... aumif;w,f ... 0gqef;*dkPf;u vlwdkif;udk av;jcrf;av;jcrf;pDjzpfoGm;atmif qJGypfr,f ... }}
axmif0g;u jznfhpGufajymvdkufonf/
]]0gqef;awmifay:u acG;? aMumif? Muuf? 0uf tm;vHk; av;jcrf;pDcJGypfr,f ... olwdkY usefae&ifvnf;
raumif;bl; ... }}
xdktcg olwdkYajcmufa,mufrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;rSvlrsm;udk rnfodkYrnfyHk qJGqkwfypf&rnfudk tjyif;txef jiif;cHk
aeMujyefavonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm aovkarsmyg; jzpfaeojzifh vHk;0r&,fEdkifawmhacs/
,ckxuf tajctaeuav; enf;enf;aumif;ygu rkcs[m;wdkuf&,farmrdayvdrfhrnf/
vlxl;vlqef;ajcmufa,mufESifh awGU&onfrSm vifh[lcsHK;\b0twGuf opfqef;aom b0tawGYtBuHK
wpfckyif jzpfawmh\/
vlrsm;\odik f;ynmuvnf; tHhrcef;aumif;rGefvSonf/
vlrsm;ESifh aocJG cJGoGm;&vQif rdrdtzdkY BuD;rm;aom epfemqHk;HI;rIBuD; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf raocsifonfh pdwfqEu zHk;vTrf;vm\/
xl;jcm;pGmyif olY tm;tifrsm; wd;k wufvmouJhodkY cHpm;vkduf&awmhonf/
]]usKyf ... usKyf ... t&ufaomufcsifw,f ... }}
tHhzG,fvq
l ef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg twdkif;rod 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpf
oGm;Muawmh\/ tm;vHk;uyif ..
]][m ... aumif;w,f ... odyfaumif;w,f ... ol t&ufaomufcsifvmNyD ... t&ufaomufcsif&if raoEkdif
awmhbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf wdk;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]usKyfu aoao&Si&f Sif *krpdkufygbl; ... usKyftwGuf bmrSta&;rBuD;bl; ... tckcsufcsif; t&ufaomuf
csifw,f? t&ufukd t&ifaomufypfr,f ... }}
axmif0g;u ..
]][kwfw,f ... vlYb0qdkwm aysmfzdkYyJ ... aysmfaysmfaerSvlyDow,f ... igwdkYudkMunfhygvm; ... igwdkYu
pdwfnpfp&m bmrSrawG;bl; ... raocifrSm vlYpnf;pdrfrSeforQ cHpm;oGm;&r,f ... }}
axmifuef;u ..
]]a[haumifav; ... rif;bmrSryleJY ... rif;aomufcsifwm aomuf&aphr,f ... igt&ufoGm;,lvkdufOD;r,f ...}}
rsm;rMumrD t&ufrsm; a&mufvmawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm toufarsmharsmhom &Sdaeaomfvnf; t&ufeHY&vdkufonfESifh tm;wufvmrdawmhonf/
ysufjyKef;vkeD;eD; ol\tmHkrsm;udk BudK;pm; pkpnf;vkdufonf/
axmufusufu t&ufudk vifh[lcsHK;\ yg;pyfem;uyf jznf;nif;pGm avmif;xnfhay;onf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rQ aovkarsmyg; jzpfaeaomfvnf; t&ufwpfcGufvHk; ukefatmifaomufypfEkdio
f nf/
xdktcgusrS ol\OD;aESmuf MunfMunfvifvif jzpfvmawmh\/ olYpdwfxJvnf; tenf;i,f awG;awm
vmEdkifawmhonf/
]]'Dajcmufa,mufu tajrmuftyifhBudKufw,f ... ig 'Denf;udkok;H rS tqifajyrSm ... 'Denf;yJ oHk;&r,f ...}}
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;u pum;pvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
354
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]usKyfq&mu ajymzl;w,f/ odkif;avmurSm tawmfqHk;u ... }}

]]ajymprf;ygOD;/ odkif;avmurSm tawmfq;Hk u b,folvJuG}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ... qufrajymao;yJ acwqkdif;xm;vdkufonf/
]]tHhzG,f ... tHhzG,f}}
csufcsif;yif tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu 0kdif;ar;Muonf/
]]odkif;avmurSm tawmfqHk;u b,folvJuG ... rif;ajymwJh tHhzG,fqdkwmu ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]tHh ... tHhzG,f ... }}
tHhzG,fvq
l ef;ajcmufa,mufwdkY\ odcsifpdwfudk vHIYaqmfonfhtaejzifh vifh[lcsHK;u wrifwpfydkif;wpfpjzifh
&yfxm;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm vHk;0onf;cHEkdifpGrf; r&Sdawmhojzifh twif;tusyf ar;Muawmh\/
]]tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk ajymwmvm;uG ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK; ...
]][kwfw,f ... usKyfq&mu 'DvdkyJ ajymwmyJ ... olu cifAsm;wdkYeJY rdwfzGJYcsifw,fwJh ... 0gqef;*dkPf;om;
awG&JYa&SYrSm cifAsm;wdkY&JU tHhrcef;odkif;ynmpGrf;udk jycdkif;csifw,fwJh ... }}
axmif0g;wdkYu wpfa,mufwpfcGef;pD ar;Muawmh\/
]]tck b,fvdkvkyfcsifovJajym ... }}
]]rif;wdkYq&mu igwdkYajcmufa,muftaMumif;udk b,fvdkodovJ ... }}
]]0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u wu,fhvlawmfBuD;yJ ... igwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;udk rapmfum;&bl;uG ... }}
]]'gaygh ... b,folu 0gqef;*dkPf;ukdxd&o
J vJ ... xd&JxdMunfhprf; ... xdwJhaumifudk igwdkYu vHk;0rSmbl;
... }}
]]igwdkYu rif;q&meJY rdwfzJGYcsifw,f ... tck igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;udk oGm;Mu&atmif ... }}
um;tHhzG,fvlxl;vlqef;ajcmufa,mufwdkY\ wpfa,mufwpfcGef; ajymvkduMf uonfh pum;rsm;omwnf;/
vifh[lcsHK;onf olwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf; jyefydkYay;Ekdifa&;twGuf onf,kefjrif onfcsHKxGifxm;jcif;jzpf&m aemuf
qHk; pum;oHMum;vkdufonfESifh uref;uwef; 0ifajym&awmhonf/
]]at; ... [kwfw,f ... usKyfwdkY tckcsufcsif; 0gqef;*dkPf;udk oGm;MupdkY ... }}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm oGm;MupdkY qdkvdkufonfESifh csufcsif;yif c&D;pxGufawmhonf/
olwdkYu vifh[lcsHK;twGuf xrf;pifav;wpfckvkyfay;NyD; vifh[lcsHK; oufoufomom vdkufygEkdifap&ef
jyKvkyfay;Muonf/
xl;xl;qef;qef; oGyfacsmifacsmif vlajcmufa,mufESifh 'Pf&mtjyif;txef&&Sdxm;aom vlemwpfa,muf
wdkYonf 0gqef;awmifbufodkY c&D;vSnfhMujyefawmh\/
oHk;av;&ufcefY Mumaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;wdkYonf 0gqef;*dkPf;awmifajcodkY qdkufa&mufvmMuawmh\/
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf olwdkYvlpkudkawGUvdkuf&aomtcg olwdkYq&mESifhq&mrwdkYxo
H dkY ajy; owif;ydkYMu
awmh\/
&ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;rSm tHhzG,fvlqef;ajcmufa,mufwdkYu vifh[lcsHK;tm; jyefac:vmonfudk Mum;odvdkuf&
aomtcg xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;Muawmh\/
olwdkY\0gqef;*dkPf;om; wynfhrsm;udk OD;pD; awmifajcodq
kY if;vmMuawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
355
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zl;vifrSm vifh[lcsHK;twGuf pdwfylyef xrf;pifteD;odkY ajy;oGm;Munfhawmh\/

vifh[lcsHK;rSm ydefcsHK;vsuf&SdaeNyD; toufr&SdawmhouJhodkY rSwfxif&ayonf/
xdkYaMumifh zl;vifrSm xdwfvefYwMum;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;\vufaumuf0wf aoG;aMumudk prf;Munfhvkduf\/
aoG;ckefEIef; vHk;0rrSef? tcsdefraG; &yfwefYNyD; toufqHk;yg;oGm;EkdifaMumif; od&Sdvdkufrd pd;k &drfBuD;pGmjzifh ...
]]vlav; ... vlav; ... vihf[lcsHK;}}
[k aMuuJG0rf;enf;pGm ac:vkdufrdonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\rsufvHk;rsm;udk tm;,l zGifhMunfhvkdufonf/ wdk;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifh ...
]]q&mr ... }}
aemufxyf toHxGufrvmawmhay/
zl;vifonf &ifwGif;rS wpfvdyfvdyfwufvmaom a'gorsm;udk rxdef;csKyfEkdifawmhojzifh olr\"m;udk
qJGxkwfum wdkucf dkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufawmh\/
odkYaomf tNrJwrf; EdIif;EdIif;csdefcsdef vkyfavh&Sdonfh &ufykcRefu ..
]]nDrav; ... cPaeOD; ... }}
[k wm;jrpfvkdufNyD; tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufbufodkY vSnfhum ..
]]cifAsm;wdkY ajcmufa,muf0gqef;*dkPf;ukd <uvmwmudk usKyfwdkYu BudKqdkygw,f? cifAsm;wdkYajcmufa,muf&JU
emrnfudkMum;odyg&ap}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm &ufykcRef\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg a'govnf;xGuf? pdwfvnf; tvGef
ysufoGm;Muawmhonf/ olwdkY vihf[lcsHK;\pum;Mum;&pOfu 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;onf olwdkYudk tvGefdkao
av;pm;aeonf[k rSwfxifvkdufMuonf/ ,ck olu rdrdwdkY\emrnfudkyif rod[kqdkaeyguvm;/
axmifuef;u ..
]]rif;wdkYvifr,m;u igwdkYtHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk odyfcsD;usL;aeMuw,fvdkY igwdkYMum;xm;&w,f ... tck
Munfh&awmh rif;wdkYu igwdkYudkawmif rodovdkvdkygvm; ... }}
axmif&Srf;uvnf; ..
]]rif;ajymwmr[kwfvm;? okdif;avmurSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuom tawmfqHk;qdk ... tJ'g [kwfovm; ...
rif;wdkYu tckawmh igwdkYtHhzG,fajcmufa,mufrSef;awmif rodbJjzpfaeMu&ovm; ... nHhyghuGm ... }}
axmifusufu 0ifajymjyefonf/
]]igwdkYu rif;wdkYeJU rdwfaqGzJGUzdkYvmwm ... wjcm; bmudprS r&Sdbl; ... }}
&ufykcRefrSm em;axmif&if; tHhtm;oifhaerdawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ..
]]'Dvlajcmufa,muf&JY kyf&nfawGuvnf; xl;xl;qef;qef; pum;ajymawmhvnf; tlaMumifaMumifeJY
vlaumif;awmh [kwfr,frxifbl; ... tckMunfh ... vifh[lcsHK;udkvnf; 'DaumifawG ESdyfpufxm;vdkuMf uwm ...
vlkyfawmif ray:awmhbl;? aorvm; &Sifrvm;awmif rodEkdifawmhbl; ... }}
olu at;aq;pGmjzifh ..
]]cifAsm;wdkYu tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufqdkawmh usKyfwdkYvdk bmrStHhMop&mr&SdwJh omrefvlawGu cifAsm;wdkYeJY
b,frdwfzJGU&JyghrvJ ... }}
&ufykcRef\pum;onf trSefpifppftm;jzifh ceJYwnfhwnfhajymvkdufaom pum;omjzpf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
356
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYonf xdkpum;Mum;vkduf&onfESifh tvGefoabmus auseyfoGm;Muawmh

\/
olwdkYpdwfxJwGif &ufykcRefonf olwdkYtm; wu,fyif txifBuD;av;pm;aeonf[k rSwfxifvkduMf uawmh
\/
olwdkYajcmufa,mufpvHk;u wpfjydKifwnf;vdkvdk ajymvkdufMu\/
]]ta&;rBuD;ygbl; ... igwdkYtHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu rif;&JuwynfheJY oli,fcsif;yJ ... 'Dawmh rif; rdwfrzJGY&J
bl;qdkawmhvnf; igwdkYtwGuf odyfta&;rBuD;awmhygbl; ... }}
axmifqufu ...
]]rif;&JUodkif;ynmu nHhayr,fh igwdkYu rif;udk vHk;0txifrao;bl; ... 'gawmh pdwfcs ... }}
axmif0g;u ..
]]rif;taeeJY odkif;ynmeJYywfoufNyD; em;rvnfwm&Sd&if igwdkYudkar;yg ... bmrStm;emraeeJY ... igwdkY tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,muf&JY oli,fcsif;jzpfzdkYu ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ ... oli,fcsif;jzpfoGm;NyDqdk&if ar;csif&mar;ayawmh ...
igwdkYu rif;em;rvnfrcsif; oifay;r,f ... pdwfomcs ... }}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYonf pum;rsm;udk wu,fh pdwf&if;apwem&if;jzifh ajymMujcif;jzpf\/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefuJhodkY xyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muftzdkYrl wrifoufouf apmfum;aeovdk jzpfae
awmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf tvGefyif a'goxGufaeaomfvnf; ynm&Sdtrsuf tjyifrxGufouJhodkY ol\a'gorsm;udk
xdef;odrf;um ...
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}} [k twwfEkdifqHk; acsiHpGmjyefajymvdkufonf/
axmifuef;u ..
]]aus;Zl;wifp&m rvdkygbl; ... igwdkYtHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu rif;udk oli,fcsif;rdwfaqGvdk oabmxm;vkduf
NyD;yJ ... }}
axmifqufu ..
]]uJ ... uJ ... ig tckyJ rif;wdkY*dkPf;om;awGudk igwdkY&JY odkif;ynm wpfuGufESpfuGufavmuf upm;jy&rvm;
... }}
zl;vifurl xdkolajcmufa,mufwdkYonf rdrdwdkYtm; tvGefrif;apmfum;vSonf[k rSwf,lvdkufojzifh olr\
pdwfudk vHk;0rxdef;EkdifawmhbJ kwfw&uf axmifquf\&if0odkY olr\"m;jzifh xdk;pdkufvdkufawmh\/
zl;vif\"m;rSm tvGefyif jrefqefvSonf/
xdkYjyif axmifqufrSm odkif;uGufupm;jy&ef pdwftm;xufoefaeojzifh zl;vifu olYtm; odkY kwfw&uf
wkdufcdkufvdrfhrnf[k vHk;0rxifrSwfcJhacs/
xdkYaMumifh vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; "m;a&mufvmaomtcg axmifqufonf tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;NyD;
aemufbufoYdk qkwf a&Smifwdrf;vkdufonf/
odkYaomf "m;rSm tvGefyif jrefqefveG f;vSaomaMumifh ol\&ifbwf xdk;pdkufoGm;awmhonf/
odkYaomf olu csufcsif;yif vuf0g;apmif;wpfcsuf kdufxkwfvdkufojzifh zl;vifrSm aemufodkYvGifhoGm;&
awmh\/
"m;rSmrl axmifquf\&if0 wef;vef;BuD; usef&pfcJhawmhonf/
axmifuef;wdkY ig;a,mufrSm wpfjydKifwnf; txdwfwvefY atmfrdMuawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
357
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifusufurl axmifqufudk ayGYcsDajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/

usefav;a,mufonf rsufpdwpfrSdwf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; zl;vif\ajcvufav;zufudk wpfa,mufpD udkif
qJG qJGajrmufvu
kd fMuawmh\/
vGefcJhaom&ufu csefykqdkaom "m;odkif;orm;BuD;udk qJGudkifvkdufonfhyHkpHyif jzpfawmhonf/
&ufykcRefonfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rwwfEkdifawmh/ xdkvlav;a,mufudk olYtaejzifh tm;vHk;wpfjydKifwnf; vJus
oGm;atmif rwdkufcdkufEkdifay/
olwdkY\vufrsm;udk qJGqefYvkdufonfESifh zl;vifrSm av;pdwfav;jcrf;uGJvsuf rIrvS aoyJG0if&ayawmh
rnf/
olYtzdkY wdkawmif;aomtcsdeftwGif; rnfodkYrQ vIyf&Sm;EkdifpGrf;r&Sdojzifh ol\"m;udkifxm;onfh vufonfyif
wqwfqwfwkef,ifaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ol\q&mr touftE&m,f&SdaeaMumif; kwfw&ufawGYvu
kd f&aomtcg tvdktavsmuf
tiftm;rsm;xGufvmNyD; kwfw&uf pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvkdufonff/
]]usKyfq&mrudk bmrSrvkyfeJY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm pum;uav; ajymNyD;onfESifh ]a0gh} ceJ aoG;rsm; xdk;tefvkdufum jyefvnfarhajrm oGm;jyef
awmhonf/
axmifuef; kwfw&uf ajymvdkufonf/
]]a[haumifawG aumifav;ajymvdkuw
f m Mum;w,fr[kwfvm; ... rowf&bl;wJh ... igwdkY 'Drdef;rudk vTwf
vdkufrSjzpfr,f ... }}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh olwdkYav;a,mufpvHk; zl;vifudk ajrBuD;ay:odkY ypfcsvdkufNyD; 'Pf&m&&SdoGm;onfh
axmifquftwGuf ylyefrIaMumifh axmifusufajy;xGufoGm;&maemufodkY tajy;tvTm; xGufcGmoGm;Muawmh\/
zl;vif\toufudk vifh[lcsHK;u,fvdkufjcif;omwnf;/
&ufykcRef? vdefvdefESifh? *dkPf;om;rsm;onf zl;vifem;odkY pdk;&drfwBuD; ajy;vmMuawmh\/
zl;vifrSm kwfw&uf ckefxvkdufaomfvnf; aMumufGYHwkefvIyfrIaMumifh olr\rsufESmwpfckvk;H aoG;qkwf
jzLa&mfvsuf &Sdaeawmh\/ wpfudk,fvHk;vnf; wkefwkef,if,if jzpfaeawmhonf/
&ufykcRefu wdk;nif;aomavoHjzifh ..
]]nDrav; pdwfudkwnfNidrfatmifjyefxdef;? olwdkYu nDrav;udk owfroGm;wm uHaumif;oGm;w,f ...
'Dajcmufa,muf[m wu,fhudk aMumufp&maumif;wJhvlawG ... }}
zl;vifrSm aMumufpdwfvHk;0 rjy,fao;ay/ wkefwkef,if,if &SdaeqJom/
olronf [kdaeYu csefykudk vlav;a,mufu 0dkif;qJGNzJvkdufyHkudk jrifa,mifvmNyD; aoG;avacsmufcsm;ae
awmhonf/ olru ...
]]'g ... 'g ... 'g ... }}
olronf rnfonfhpum;rQ qufrajymEkdifawmhay/ &ufykcRefonf onfwpfBudrf ol\ZeD;rSm wpfoufESifh
wpfudk,f tBuD;tus,fqHk; xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;&jcif;jzpfaMumif; odxm;ojzifh olu ...
]]vdefvdef ... rif;tarudkac:NyD; rsufESmoGm;opfvdkufprf; ... }}
vdefvdefonf olr\rdcifudkwJGac: xGufoGm;awmh\/ &ufykcRefrSmrl vifh[lcsHK;udk oGm;Munfhvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;crsm aovkarsmyg; jzpfaeonfhMum;rS ol\q&mrtwGuf &SdpkrJhpk tm;tifuav;xkwfum wm;jrpf
vdkuf&&Smojzifh xyfrHtajctae qdk;oGm;&jyef&Smonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
358
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol\rsufESmrSm aoG;[l vHk;0r&SdawmhbJ xGufouf0ifouf tvGefenf;vmonfudk awGU&awmhonf/

&ufykcRefu vifh[lcsHK;\aemufausmudk vuf0g;ESifhuyf ol\twGif;tm;ESifh vifh[lcsHK;\toufudk jyef
qufay;Ekdif&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/
ol\twGif;tm;udk oGif;vkdufaomtcg xl;qef;aom twGif;tm;vdIif;rsm;u vifh[lcsHK;\cEmudk,frS jyif;
xefaomtiftm;rsm;jzifh wefjyefwGef;uefvkduo
f nfudk cHpm;&awmh\/
&ufykcRef\vuf0g;rSm vifh[lcsHK;\ausmrS uefxGufoGm;rwwf jzpfomG ;awmh\/
um; tvGefw&m xl;qef;axGvm tjzpftysufyifwnf;/
&ufykcRefonfyif txdwfwvefY jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
&ufykcRefonf rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udk atmifjrifNyD;oGm;NyDjzpf&m odkif;avmuxJwGif twGif;tm;ynm
jydKifpH&Sm;oljzpfonf/
rkaumif;zkef;uJhodkYaom xdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifrsm;yif rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;\ t&dyfta,mifudk jrif&onf
ESifh wpfcsdK;wnf;aemufaMumif; jyefajy;oGm;cJh&onf/
odkYaomf ,ckrl vifh[lcsHK;\cEmudk,fwGif;rS xl;qef;aom twGif;tm;rsm;u rdrd\jyif;xefvSaom twGif;
tm;udk wefjyefwGef;vSefvdkufNyD; rdrdvufudk jyefuefxGufapaMumif; awGYvkduf&aomtcg wu,fyif wkefvIyf
acsmufcsm;oGm;cJhawmh\/
wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif ,if;twGif;tm;rsm;ESifh ywfouftcsufwpfckudk owdjyKvdkufrdonf/
,if;twGif;tm;rsm;onf vifh[lcsHK;\cEmudk,fxJwGif tpDtpOfwus aeom;wus&Sdaeonf r[kwfacs/
wpfckESifhwpfck tcsif;csif; wGef;uefwdkufcdkufaeMuonfh tcsufyifwnf;/
&ufykcRefonf ol\vuf0g;ESifh vifh[lcsHK;\&if0udkzduyf twGif;tm;udk zdoGif;ay;vkdufjyefonf/
onfwpfcgwGifvnf; ol\vuf0g;onf wefjyefwGef;uefjcif; cH&jyefonf/
&ufykcRefrSm ol\twGif;tm;udk vHk;0rxkwf&Jawmhacs/
ol\vuf0g;udk vifh[lcsHK; &if0rScGm jzpfEkdifonfh tajctaersm;udk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfvkduf\/
]]vifh[lcsHK;&JU cEmudk,fxJrSm twGif;tm;vdIif; ajcmufckawmif&Sdaeyguvm; ... 'gu [dkvlajcmufa,muf
oGif;ay;xm;wJh twGif;tm;awGjzpfrSmyJ ... w,f,kwfrmwJhvlawGyJ? olwdkY&JU tpDtpOfr&Sd y&rf;ywm oGif;ay;
vkdufawmh vifh[lcsHK;udk 'Dtm;awGu tBuD;tus,f 'kuay;aewmyJ ... tck igh&JYtwGif;tm;uawmif olwdkYudk
rxdk;azmufEkdifawmhbl; ... }}
trSefpifppf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYonf vifh[lcsHK;udk u,fwifcsifvGef;vSojzifh olwdkY\ jyif;xef
xufjrufvSaom twGif;tm;rsm; xnfhoGif;ukoay;Mu&mwGif pnf;pepfr&SdbJ udk,fpdwfxif&m xnfhoGif;
csifwdkif; xnfhoGif;ukoay;vkdufMuonf/
aemufq;Hk olwdkY\twGif;tm;tcsif;csif; tm;jydKifaeMujcif;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm aovkarsmyg; jzpfoGm;cJh&
awmh\/
rQ IyfaxG;wdkufcdkufaeaom twGif;tm;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;ay;NyD; vifh[lcsHK;udk rnfonfhtwGuf rdrdwdkYxH
jyefydkY&oenf;/
&ufykcRefonf xdktcsufudk vHk;0rawG;wwfatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
&ufykcRefonf aumif;uef;ESifh vkdkwdkYukd vSrf;ac:vdkufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;tm; MunfhIae&ef rSmMum;vkduf\/
oludk,fwkdifurl ZeD;jzpfol zl;viftm; oGm;a&mufMunfhIonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
359
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zl;vifrSm ckwifay:wGif xdkifvsuf&SdaeNyD; orD;jzpfol vdefvdefvufudk qkyfudkifxm;\/ olronf wnfNidrfrI

r&ao;ay/ aoG;avacsmufcsm;vsufom &Sdaeayao;onf/
&ufykcRef a&mufvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg olru ..
]]vifh[lcsHK;aum ... aumifav; 'Pf&moufom&JUvm; [if ... }}
&ufykcRefonf twefMum awGa0pOf;pm;ae&mrS ..
]]odyfxl;qef;wmyJ}} [k ajymvkduf\/
&ufykcRefu vifh[lcsHK;\cEmudk,fxJrS y#dyujzpfaeMuaom twGif;tm;vdIif;ajcmufck&Sdonfh taMumif;udk
ajymjyvkdufonf/ zl;vifu ..
]]tpfudkBuD; ... olwdkYu vifh[lcsHK;udk zrf;ac:oGm;w,f? aemufNyD; uRefrwdkYvufxJ vmjyefydkUw,f ... bm
oabmvJ? uRefrpdwfxJrSm tajzudk pOf;pm;vdYrk &bl; ... }}
&ufykcRefonf twefMumpOf;pm;aeonf/ ol\trlt&monf wnfMunfav;eufvmonf/ jznf;nif;aomf
vnf; at;pufaomavoHjzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]igem;vnfNyD ... olwdkYu vifh[lcsHK;&JU'Pf&mudk ukocdkif;NyD; igh&JUtwGif;tm;udk ukefcef;oGm;atmif vkyfcsif
wmjzpfvdrfhr,f ... }}
zl;vifonfvnf; kwfw&ufxckefum ...
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ... tpfudkBuD;u vifh[lcsHK;&JUtoufudku,fcsif&if 'DtwGif;tm;vdIif;ajcmufckudk
wpfckcsif; acszsuf&r,f ... tJ'DvdkacszsufNyD;wmeJY tpfudkBuD;&JUtwGif;tm; tawmfuav; ukefoGm;awmhrSmyJ ...}}
zl;vifonf pum;udk acw&yfvu
kd fonf/ NyD;rS ..
]]awmfygao;&JU ... 'Dvlajcmufa,mufxJu wpfa,mufavsmhoGm;ayvdkY ... tckqdk&if ig;a,mufyJusefawmh
w,f ... tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrem;rvnfwm wpfck&Sdaew,f apmapmwkef;u olwdkYu uRefrudkzrf;rdxm;NyD;rS
vifh[lcsHK; wpfcsufatmfvkdufwmeJY uRefrudk jyefvTwfvdkufMuw,f ... tJ'gbmoabmvJ ... }} [k &ufykcReftm;
ar;jref;vkdufonf/
olrtaejzihf vHk;0pOf;pm; rxGufom taMumif;udk jyefajymrdjcif;jzpfonf/
trSefpifppf tjzpfudk vHk;0jyefvSefrpOf;pm;csifay/
ajcmuftdyrf ufES,f rdrd\&ifESvHk;udk wkefvIyfapvGef;onfhtwGuf tm;vHk;udk vHk;0arhypfcsifonf/
odkYaomf rar;vQif olrbmom rnfoYrdk Q awG;awmBuHqjcif; rjyKEkdifojzifh ar;jref;vkduf&jcif;omjzpfonf/
&ufykcRefu OD;acgif;udk cg,rf;vkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf &ufykcRef? zl;vifESifh vdefvdefwdkYok;H a,mufpvHk; vifh[lcsHK;\tcef;odkY avQmufvmcJhMuonf/
zl;vifrSm vifh[lcsHK; toufrQOf;rQOf;uav;IaeyHkudk awGYjrifvdkuf&aomtcg rsuf&nfrsm;usvmawmh\/
olrtaejzifh wynfhwpfa,mufomru om;wpfa,mufES,fvnf; auR;arG;jyKpkcJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf rsufvHk;rsm;udkzGifhvkdufNyD; wdk;nif;pGm pum;ajymonf/
]]vifrdefusufaum ... }}
vdefvdefu wtHhwMojzifh ar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... olYudk bmajymrvdkYvJ[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf rsufpdrsm; jyefrSdwfvdkuf\/ odkYaomf ol\EIwfurl pum;rsm;udk qufajymaeonf/
]]olYtazaocgeD;rSm olYtwGuf rSmcJhwJhpum;udk igu olY olYudkajymjy&OD;r,f ... ig ... igrajym&if rjzpf
awmhbl; ... olYudkom jrefjrefac:cJhyg ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
360
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\aemufqHk;tcsdefudk odaeouJhodkY vihfrdefusuftm; ac:cdkif;vkdufjcif;jzpf&m vdefvdef

onf rsuf&nfrsm;pD;usvmNyD; tjyifodkYajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRefu zl;viftm; ajymvku
d fonf/
]]'Dpum;u odyfta&;BuD;w,f ... vifh[lcsHK;u olYtcsdefudkolodvdkY 'Dvdkta&;wBuD;ac:cdkif;wm ... olYudk,f
xJutwGif;tm;awGudk ighrdk;BudK;twGif;tm;eJY wm;ay;xm;&r,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif tcef;xJodkY ajy;0ifa&muf&Sdvmawmh\/ olu qdkYeifhpGmjzifhac:vku
d f
onf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... }}
]]nDav; ... vifrdefusufvm; ... }}
]][kwfygw,f tpfudkBuD; ... uRefawmf vifrdefusufyg}}
]]nDav; ... rif;taz aocgeD;wkef;u ighudk ta&;BuD;wJhpum; ajymjycJhw,f ... ae ... aeMumyef;vrf;u
tdrf ... tdrfa[mif;xJu ypnf; ... ypnf;udk ... aumif;aumif;apmifha&SmufygwJh ... 'gayr,fh vSef ... vSefrMunfh
&bl;wJh ... Munfhrd&if 'ku ... 'ku ... BuD;eJY awGU awGY&r,fwJh ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu wtHhwMojzifh ...
]]aeMumyef;vrf;u ... b,frSmygvdrfh ... uRefawmfwdkY uRefawmfwdkY zl;usdK;e,frSm aeMumyef;vrf;qdkwm
r&Sdygvm;}} [k a&&Gwfvkdufrdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]'D ... 'Dpum;yJ ... rif;taz rSmMum;cJhwm ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm jyefvnfarhajrmoGm;jyefawmhonf/
&ufykcRefrSm vifh[lcsHK; xdkpum;uav; ajymEkdif&eftwGuf vifh[lcsHK;\udk,fxJrS twGif;tm;vdIif;rsm;udk
ol\rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;vdIif;jzifh wGef;cHae&ojzifh ol\wpfudk,fvHk; acR;rsm;pdk&JT tm;tifukefcrf;oGm;ovdk
cHpm;vkduf&awmhonf/
zl;vifu vufudkifyk0gudkxkwf &ufykcRef\ezl;rS acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;udk nifompGm okwfay;vkduf\/
&ufykcRefrSm rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udk avhusifhatmifjrifNyD;uwnf;u udk,fay:rS acR;uscJvS\/ ,aeYawmh
wpfudk,fvHk; &TJ&JTpdkvsuf&SdaeayNyD/ zl;vifonf wkefvIyfoGm;awmh\/
rnfonfhynmrqdk urf;ukefvrf;ukef jynfhpHkatmifjrifNyD;pD;NyD[l r&SdEkdifay/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
361
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&Smifwdrf;jcif;
&ufykcRefonf twefMum tem;,lvdkufNyD;rS vifrdefusuftm; ar;vkduf\/
]]vifrdefusuf ... rif;wdkY zl;usdK;e,frSm aeMumyef;vrf;r&Sdbl; [kwfvm; ... wjcm;yef;emrnfeJY ay;xm;wJh
vrf;awGvnf; wpfvrf;rS r&Sdbl;vm; ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf twefMum pOf;pm;aeNyD;rS ..
]]r&Sdbl;q&m ... yef;emrnfeJY ay;xm;wJhvrf;vnf; wpfvrf;rSr&Sdbl; ... }}
zl;vif Mum;jzwf0ifar;vkduf\/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if rif;wdkY&JUtdrfa[mif;u b,frSmvJ ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]uRefawmfh&UJ tab;uawmh ]]aersufESmrlvrf;}} vrf;rSm aecJhMuwmyJ ... aemufawmhrS ....
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu kwfw&uf 0ifajymvkdufjcif;aMumifh vifrdefusufrSm ol\pum;udk qHk;atmifrajymvkduf
EdkifbJ jzpffoGm;onf/
&ufykcRefu ..
]]bm ... aersufESmrlvrf; [kwfvm; ... 'gqdk&if tJ'Dvrf;[m aeMumyef;vrf;yJaygh ... aeMumyef;qdkwm
ae&Sd&mudk rsufESmrlvkdufwmyJ ... aocsmNyD ... aeMumyef;vrf;qdkwm aersufESmrl vrf;yJjzpf&r,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]q&majymwm jzpfEkdifygw,fq&m ... uRefawmfwdkY&JU tbdk;vufxufa&mufawmhrS uRefawmfwdkYtm;vHk;
tmrcHXmeudk ajymif;vmcJhMuwm ... }}
zl;vifu ...
]]rif;tazajymwJh tdrfa[mif;u ypnf;qdkwm bmypnf;vJ ... }}
&ufykcRefu 0ifa&mufwm;jrpfvkdufonf/
]]'gudk aemufrSajym ... }}
xdkpum;udk ajymNyD;onfESifh vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwdkYtm; vSnfh ajymvkdufonf/
]]rif;wdkY 'Dtcef;xJrSmaeNyD; vifh[lcsHK;udk apmifha&SmufvdkufMu ... tajctae qdk;0g;vm&if ighudkvm
taMumif;Mum;Mu}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
362
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajymNyD;onfESifh zl;vifudkvSrf;ac:um olwdkYtcef;a&mufrS &ufykcRefu toHudkEdrS fh ar;vdkufonf/

]]nDrav; ... [dkypnf;qdkwm bmjzpfEdkifovJ ... }}
zl;vif ..
]]olwdkYtdrfa[mif;xJu ypnf;qdkawmh b,fvdkcefYrSef;&rSmvJ ... cefrY Sef;zdkYawmif cyfcufcufyJ ... }}
&ufykcRefu 0ifaxmufay;vkdufonf/
]]'gayr,fh ... tJ'Dypnf;udk ]vSefrMunhf&bl;} qdkwJh ynwfcsufu ygaeao;w,f ... }}
zl;vifu kwfw&uf oabmaygufoGm;um ..
]][m ... [kwfNyD ... [kwfNyD ... 'g ... 'g olwdkY&JU rsdK;dk;odkif;usrf;jzpfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;yJjzpf&r,f}} [k tm;
wufoa&majymvkdufonf/
&ufykcRefu awG;awG;qqjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]wu,fvdkY 'Dypnf;u bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf; jzpfw,fyJxm;vkdufygawmh ... olYtazu 'Dpmtkyfudk ]vSefr
Munfh&bl;? vSefMunfh&if 'kuBuD;MuHKvdrfhr,f ... } vdkY bmjzpfvdkY tav;teufxm; rSm&jyefwmvJ ... }}
zl;vifu NyHK; ...
]]'guawmh olwYrdk sdK;dk;okdif;ynmjzpfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;u tpGrf;rxufbl;qdkwm odaevdkYaerSmaygh ... }} [k
jyefajzvkdufonf/ &ufykcRefu NidrfoufpGm pOf;pm;aeojzifh zl;vifu jyefar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;uaum b,fvdkxifovJ[if ... }}
&ufykcRefu ..
]]bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; tpGrf;rxufbl;qdkwmawmh r[kwfEdkifbl; ... vifrdefusuf&JUtab; vif&G,fwlvufxuf
wkef;u vif&G,fwlu csif;csef*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Dcsef;&JUq&mudkawmif tEkdif,lcJhwmyJ ... odkif;avmu u
xdyfoD;"m;odkif;ynm&Sif awmfawmfrsm;rsm;vnf; vif&G,fwludk tEdkifr,lEkdifchMJ ubl; ... 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;om
toHk;rusbl;qdk&if vif&G,fwl[m tJ'Dwke;f u ]atmifEkdifol} b,fjzpfchaJ wmhrvJ ... }}
zl;vifrSm pdwfIyfaxG;oGm;[efjzifh ..
]]'Dudpu awmfawmfxl;qef;wmyJ ... 'Dypnf;[m bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;r[kwfbl;qdk&if bmypnf;jzpfrvJ}}
[k jyefvnfar;cGef;xkwfvdkufonf/
&ufykcRefurl rnfodkYrQ wHkYjyefrajymawmhbJ olYacgif;tHk;atmufrS oHbl;wpfbl;udk xkwf,lvkdufum tzHk;zGifh
vkduf\/
oHbl;xJrS rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk xkwf,lvkdufonf/
xdkpmtkyf aemuffqHk;pm&Gufudk vSefvdkufNyD; aemufqHk;pmaMumif;wpfaMumif;udk vufdI;xdk;jyvkduf\/
xdkpmaMumif;rSm ...
rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;onf tajccHtqifhrQomjzpf\/ ]aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk &&SdusifhBuHEkdifrSom
tqifhjrifhodkYa&mufrnf[k a&;om;xm;onf/
zl;vifrSm &ufykcRefESifh *dkPf;wlarmifESrjzpfaomfvnf; *dkPf;pnf;urf;t& rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odik f;udk
vifa,musfm;jzpfol\ tcGifhtrdefYr&bJ zGifhMunfhEdkifcGifhr&Sdacs/
,ck &ufykcRefjyojzifh ]aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyf} [laompmvH;k udk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg &ifxJ vIyf&Sm;
oGm;awmh\/ olr\EIwfrS ...
]]aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyf ... 'g ... 'gjzifh&if zl;usdK;e,fuaeMumyef;vrf;eJYrsm; ywfoufaervm; ...
'DavmurSm wu,fyJ ]aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyf} &SdaevdkYvm;}} [k wD;wdk;a&&Gwfaerdawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
363
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefu wnfMunfaomavoHjzifh ...

]]'D rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk ighq&mbdk;bdk;vufxufuwnf;u xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufvmcJhwmyJ ...
'D ]aeMumyef;odik f;aygif;csKyf} &Sdr&Sq
d dkwmawmh igvnf;rodbl;}} [k zl;viftm; ajymjyvdkufonf/
zl;vifu oufjyif;cs&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]]'DavmurSm 'D ]aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyf} qdkwm &Sdw,fyJxm;ygOD; ... usifh&rSmuawmh enf;enf;rS
vG,frSmr[kwfbl;aemf? tck rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udkawmif tpfudkBuD; tMumBuD;avhusifhch&J w,f r[kwfvm;
... }}
&ufykcRefu xdktaMumif;ESifhywfouf rnfodkYrQpum;rqufawmhyJ Nidrfaeojzifh zl;vifu pum;vrf;
aMumif;ajymif;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; tcktcsdefrSm [dkvlajcmufa,mufjyefa&mufvm&if tpfudkBuD;taeeJY olwdkYudk&ifqkdifEkdifyghrvm;
... }}
&ufykcRefu oufjyif;wpfcsufcs&if; ...
]]nDrav; ... olwdkY&Jhodkif;ynm b,favmuftqifhtwef;jrifhw,fqdkwm nDrav; rcefYrSef;Ekdifvdkufbl; ...
igwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,mufeJY olwdkYbufu ESpfa,mufwnf; wkdufckdufwmawmifrS igwdkYEdkifvdrhrf ,fvdkY tao
tcsm rajymEdkifbl; ... olwkdYbufu oHk;a,mufeJYomwdkufvdkYuawmh igwkYd taotcsmHI;rSmyJ ... }}
zl;vifrSm olr\a,musfm;u rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udk avhusifhatmifjrifNyD;oljzpf onfvlajcmufa,muf
udk aumif;pGmtEdkif,lrnf[k rSwfxifarQmfvifhxm;cJh\/
odkYaomf ,ck &ufykcRef\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg olr\pdwfxJ cJBuD;rsm;qJGxm;ouJhokYd av;vH
oGm;awmhonf/ tvGefvnf; pdwfyloGm;rdawmhonf/
xkdYaMumifh ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'Dwpfcg 'DvlawGjyefa&mufvm&if uRefrwdkYvufydkufNyD; taocH&awmhrSmaygh ... }}
]]nDrav; ... 'Davmuf pdwf"gwfrusygeJY ... b,ftcsdeftcgrqdk vdkvQifBuHqenf;vrf;&wmygyJ ... tck
avmavmq,f olwdkYeJY&ifrqkdif&if jzpfwmygyJ ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD;qkdvdkwJhoabmu uRefrwdkY xGufajy;Mu&r,fvdkY qkdvdkwmvm; ... }}
]][ifhtif; ... xGufajy;wmr[kwfbl; ... cPa&Smifaevdkufwm ... &efolu vlrsm;w,f ... igwdkYu vlenf;
w,f ... igwkdYESpfa,mufu olwdkYig;a,mufudk b,fvdkrSr,SOfEdik fbl; ... tck igwkdYbufu tcGifhta&;enf;enf;
omoGm;wmu &efolYtiftm;udk wpfa,mufavsmhoGm;atmifvkyfEkdifwmyJ ... olwdkYbufu wpfa,mufaoxm;
awmh igwkdYbufu txufpD;&xm;ovdjk zpfaew,f ... igwkdYtaeeJY odumrusygbl; ... tckudpudk igwkdYuom
rajym&if tjyifvl b,folrSrodEdkifbl; ... }}
]]uRefrwdkYu olwdkYxJuwpfa,mufudk owfEkdifwmawmhrSefyg&Jh ... 'gayr,fh vlav;vifh[lcsHK;awmh ... }}
olronf vifh[lcsHK;udk i,fpOfuwnf;u jyKpkauR;arG;okwfoifvmcJh&oljzpf om;t&if;wpfa,mufES,f
oabmxm;oljzpf\/
,ck vifh[lcsHK;rSm vGefpGm'Pf&mjyif;xefvsuf aeYaorvm;? naorvm; tajctaeodkYa&muf&Sdae&onfudk
pOf;pm;vdkufrdaomtcg &ifqdkYoGm;&awmh\/
rsuf0ef;tdrfrS rsuf&nfjzdKifjzdKif usqif;vmawmhonf/
tufuJGaomavoHjzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
364
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD;&Jh tpDtpOftwkdif;yJ vkyfMuwmaygh ... vifh[lcsHK;udkawmh twlwlac:oGm;Muwmaygh ... vrf;rSmyJ

olY 'Pf&mudk jznf;jznf;csif; ukoay;Muwmaygh ... }}
&ufykcRefu Nidrfaeonf/ zl;vifu pdwfylyefpGmjzifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;udkaum ac:roGm;bl;vm;[if}}
]]nDrav; vifh[lcsHK;&Jh 'Pf&mb,favmufjyif;xefw,fqdkwm nDrav;tjrifyJ ... olYudkom igwdkYc&D;Murf;
BuD;xJac:vm&if em&D0ufawmifcHrSmr[kwfbl; ... aooGm;vdrfhr,f}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ[if ... olYudk uRefrwdkY ru,fEdkifawmhbl;vm;[if ... }}
&ufykcRefonf oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsufcsum ...
]][if; ... [kdaeYwkef;u igu olYudk rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;oifay;rvdkY pdwful;xm;wm ... olu [dkxl;xl;
qef;qef;"m;uGufawG xkwfoHk;aewmeJY cP&yfxm;cJh&wm ... tJ'DaeYwkef;uom 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;ynmudk
oifcJh&if olYbmom twGif;'Pf&mudkukEkdifrSmyJ ... 'DaeY'DvdktajctaersdK;udk vHk;0ra&mufEdkifbl;}} [k av;wJGYpGm
ajymvkdufrdawmh\/
zl;vifu rwfwwf&yf ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'Drdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyf vifh[lcsHK;udk ay;xm;vkdufyg ... olYbmomolavhvmNyD; ukyg
ap}} [kajymvkdufawmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf zl;vifu vifh[lcsHK;tay:xm;onfh rdcifarwmudk aumif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufojzifh
zl;vif\vufudkqJG nifomaomavoHESifh azsmif;zsonf/
]]nDrav; ... igu vifh[lcsHK;udkcspfwm rif;xufravsmhygbl;uG,f ... 'gayr,fh ... rif;wpfckpOf;pm;Munfh
... igwdkYu 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudk 'DrSmxm;cJhvdkY [kdvlqdk;ig;a,mufjyefvnfoGm;NyD; awGYoGm;&if b,fvdkvkyfrvJ ...
vifh[lcsHK;u tJ'Dig;a,mufudk b,fvdkrS ckcHEkdifrSmr[kwfbl; ... 'Dawmh igwkdY0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh xdyfwef;vQdKU0Sufcsuf
jzpfwJh twGif;tm;pmtkyfu vlqdk;olcdk;awGvufxJa&mufoGm;rSmaygh ... 'Dvkdqdk&if ightjypfb,favmufBuD;av;
oGm;rvJ ... tJ'gudk nDrav;taeeJY acgif;at;at;pOf;pm;yg ... }}
zl;vifrSm rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymEkdifawmhay/ ylaEG;aomrsuf&nfaygufBuD;rsm;om wpfaygufayguf usvm
awmhonf/ &ufykcRefu ...
]]nDrav; ... igwdkY at;aevdkYrjzpfbl; ... [dkvlqdk;ig;a,mufu tcsdefraG; 'Dudka&mufvmEkdifw,f ... igwdkY
csufcsif;a&Smifwdrf;rS oifhvdrfhr,f ... }}
xdkpum;qH;k onfESifh &ufykcRefonf orD;jzpfol vdefvdeftm; vSrf;ac:vdkuf\/
]]orD; ... *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk cef;rBuD;xJ pka0;zdkY ac:vdkufprf; ... tazajymp&m&Sdw,f ... }}
vdefvdefuvnf; olYzcif\trdefYudk *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;tm; ajymMum;vdkufawmhonf/ xdktcg &Sd&SdorQ
0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; cef;rBuD;xJwGif pDwef;&yfaeMuawmh\/
vlpHkaomtcg &ufykcRefESifhzl;vifwdkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ &ufykcRefu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;xkdifonfh tv,fcHk
wGif xkdifvu
dk fonf/ zl;vifu ab;wGix
f kdifvdkuf\/ &ufykcRefu jznf;nif;oufompGmjzifh ...
]]"m;okdif;tzJGYjzpfwJh zkef;ykrdefwkdYtzJGUu r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyftvHudk,lvmNyD; igwkdYudkapmfum;zdkYBudK;pm;cJhw,f ...
igwkdYu NidrfcHaer,fqdk&if olwdkYu igwkdYaMumufaevdkYom NidrfcHaeMuw,fvdkY xifoGm;Muvdrfhr,f ... 'Dawmh
igwkdYtaeeJY ... }}
&ufykcRefonf ol\pum;udkcP&yfNyD; *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udkMunfhum ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
365
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tck igwkdY aumif;qef;awmifuko

d Gm;Mur,f ... r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyfacgif;aqmifeJY awGUMu&r,f ... zkef;ykrdefwkdY
a&mufvmwJu
h dpeJYywfoufNyD; ajz&Sif;&r,f ... }} [k aÈBuD;pGmjzifh ajymvdkufawmhonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onfolwdkY*dkPf;csKyfBuD;\pum;udkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;Muawmh
\/
aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS ]usdvifxef} rSm r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyf\ acgif;aqmifomjzpfonf/
xdkvlonf odkif;ynmxl;cRefxufjrufHkrQru PfeDPfeufvnf; tvGefrsm;oljzpf\/
,ck xdkuJhodkYaomvlrsdK;ESifh oGm;a&mufajz&Sif;rnfqkdjcif;um; 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;tzdkY xdwfvefYavmuf
aom taMumif;t&mjzpfoGm;onfrSm trSefyifjzpfawmh\/
ajz&Sif;onfqkdaomtvkyfrSm pum;ESifhaqG;aEG; r&awmhonfh aemufqHk;tcsdeftcg odkif;ynmjzifh ajz&Sif;
Mujcif;jzpfawmh\/
zl;vifurl olra,musfm;\pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkufaomtcg vGefpGmoabmusoGm;awmh\/
olr\ pdwfxJ ...
]]tpfudkBuD;&Jt
h BuHuawmh wu,faumif;wmyJ ... igwdkYtaeeJY [kdvlqdk;ig;a,mufudkaMumufNyD; a&Smifajy;
wJhudpudk odkif;avmu uvlawG&dyfrdEdkifw,f ... tJ'gudkomodoGm;vdkYuawmh igwdkY&SufNyD; udk,fhukd,fudk,fowf
aozdkYyJ&Sdawmhw,f ... tpfudkBuD;&JhtBuHu odyfaumif;oGm;awmh igwkdYa&Smifajy;MuwJhudpvnf; vlolrodawmh
bl; ... aumif;qef;*kdPf;eJY ajz&Sif;r,fqkdNyD; xGufvmMuawmh odkif;avmuom;awGMum;&if igwkdYudkawmif
csD;usL;MuOD;rSm ... aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf ]usdvifxef} qdkwJh vluvnf; rkdufrdkufdkif;dkif;vlpm;rsdK; r[kwfygbl;}}
]]igwdkY [dka&mufvkdY acsacsiHiHqufqH&if bmrS wkdufyJGjzpfp&mr&Sdbl;}} [k zl;vifu awG;awmaerd\/
xdkYaemuf &ufykcRefu wynfhtm;vHk;udk t0wftpm;? vdktyfonfh ypnf;yp,tm;vHk; xkyfydk;jyifqifcdkif;
vdkufawmh\/
zl;vifurl vifh[lcsHK;tm; aemufqHk;taejzifh oGm;Munfhvkdufonf/ olru vkdkudk vifh[lcsHK;tm; MunfhI
apmifha&Smuf&ef apcdkif;cJhonf/ olru rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh ...
]]vkdk ... igwkdYuawmh tck aumif;qef;*dkPf;udo
k Gm;Muawmhr,f ... rif;uawmh rif;&JhtpfudkBuD;udk MunfhI
apmifha&SmufvkdufyguG,f ... rif;om rapmifha&Smuf&ifawmh olYcrsm apmifha&Smufolr&SdbJeJY oem;p&mjzpf&Smawmh
rSm ... wu,fvdkYrsm; [dkvlqdk;ig;a,muf a&mufvmcJh&if rif;u wwfEkdiforQ atmifhtnf;onf;cHygaemf ...
toufraozdkY ta&;BuD;ygw,f? toufrao&if udk,fvkyfcsifwmrSeforQ tm;vHk;jyefvkyfEkdifwmyJ ... q&mr
pdwfcsyg&apaemf ... }} [k rSmMum;&Smonf/
vkdkuvnf; rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh acgif;ndwfjyvdkufawmhonf/
rsm;rMumrD 0gqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;vdkvdk awmifay:rS qif;oufoGm;MuavNyD/
0gqef;*dkPf;BuD;wpfckvHk;wGif vkdkESifh vifh[lcsHK;wkdYESpfa,mufom usef&pfcJhawmh\/
vkdkrSmvnf; olwpfa,mufwnf;usef&pfcJhojzifh tvGeftm;i,fae&Smonf/
olYtpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;rSm 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm &xm;oljzpf tjzpftysufrsm;udk vHk;0rod&Smay/
vkdkwpfa,mufwnf; tm;i,fwkefvIyfaeonfrSm rnfrQ tcsdefMumjrifhoGm;onf rodacs/
cyfvSr;f vSrf;rS ajcoHwpfoHudkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg vkdkonf qwfceJ wkefvIyfoGm;awmh\/
csufcsif;yif tcef;wGif; xGef;dSxm;aom rD;udkrIwfNyD; Nidrf;vdkufNyD; olY"m;udkqJGudkiu
f m vifh[lcsHK;\ ckwif
a&SU rm;rm;rwfrwf&yf umuG,fxm;vdu
k fawmh\/
ajcoHrSm wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmNyD; olwt
dkY cef;&Sd&modkY OD;wnfvmaeaMumif; vkdk&dyfrdvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
366
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdYaMumifh olYwpfudk,fvHk; acR;rsm;pdk &TJvsuf&SdaeNyD; pdwfxJrS ...

]]&efolu tpfudkBuD;tdyfwJhtcef;udkawmif odaeyguvm; ... }}
]]'kuyJ ... [if; bmyJjzpfjzpf tpfudkBuD;udk ightoufeJYvJNyD; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&r,f ... igraoorQ
tpfudkBuD;udk vufzsm;eJYrxdap&bl;}} [kajym&if; tHudkwif;aeatmif Budwv
f dkufrdawmh\/
xkdpOf rdef;uav;wpfOD;\toHay:vmawmh\/
]]tpfudkvkdk .. tpfudkvkdk ... 'Dtcef;xJrSm &Sdaeovm;}}
]]tvdk ... vdefvdefygvm; ... }}
vkdk\ 0rf;omtm;wufrIrSm rnfodkYrQ pmzJGYrjyEkdifawmhay/ 0rf;omvGef;vSojzifh wkefwkef,if,ifjzifh ajym
vdkufonf/
]]nDrav; ... nDrav; ig'DrSm&Sdw,f ... }}
vkdkonf uref;uwef; rD;jyefxGef;vdkufonf/ vkdkxGef;vkdufaomrD;a&mifaMumifh wpfcef;vHk;jyefvif;oGm;
awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl arhajrmvsufom ...
vdefvdefu vsifjrefpGm0ifvmNyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... b,fvdkaeao;vJ[if}} [k arQmfvifhwBuD; ar;jref;vdu
k fonf/
]]'Dtwdkif;yJ nnfawmif rnnf;Ekdif&Smbl; ... }}
vdefvdefonf ckwifem;odkYavQmufoGm;NyD; vifh[lcsHK;\ezl;udk prf;Munfhvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm udk,f
jcpfjcpfawmufylvQuf tzsm;BuD;zsm;aejyefavNyD/
vdefvdefonf olr\vufudkify0gav;udkxkwf vifh[lcsHK;\ezl;rS acR;rsm;udk tomt,m okwfoifay;
vdkuf\/
xdkpOf ...
]]nDrav; ... aus; ... aus;Zl;wifygw,fuG,f}}
vdefvdef kwfw&ufvefYoGm;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;u ajymvdkufjcif;omwnf;/ vdefvdefonf xdwfvefYrIajyoGm;
onfESifh vifh[lcsHK;pum;ajymEdkifonfudk tvGef0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; oufomw,faemf ... &ifxJrSm qdk;qdk;0g;0g;BuD; jzpfaeao;ovm;[if ... }}
]]roufomygbl; ... igh&ifxJ "m;ajcmufacsmif;eJY xdk;arTaeovdk cHpm;ae&w,f ... }}
vdefvdefonf olY&ifcGifxJrS txkyfwpfxkyfudk qJGxkwf,lvdkufNyD; wkd;nif;aom toHuav;jzifh ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... 'g ... 'gu rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;yJ ... tazuajym ... }}
]]bm ... rdk; ... rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif; ... }}
]][kwfw,f ... rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;yJ ... tazuajymw,f ... 'Drdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udkom tpfudkBuD;
wwfxm;&if udk,fhtwGif;'Pf&m udk,fhbmom ukvdkY&w,fwJh ... tpfudkvkdku tpfudkBuD;udk wpfvHk;csif; zwfjy
vdkufygaemf ... tpfudkvkdkuawmh oGm;rusifheJYawmh ... tpfudkvkdku twGif;tm;odyfraumif;awmh 'kujzpf
aeOD;r,f ... aemufNyD; tazodoGm;&ifvnf; ... [if; ... }}
vkdku 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]]nDrav; ... igu bmaumifrkdYvdkY 'DavmufcufwJh twGif;tm;odki;f ynmBuD;udk usifhEdkifrSmvJ ... 'DtwGuf
pdwfcsyg igvHk;0rusifb
h l;qdkwm usdefNyD;uwday;ygw,f ... ig0rf;omwmu tpfudkBuD;twGufu ... tpfudkBuD;
twGuf .... q&mu tpfudkBuD;twGufeJY 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudkxkwfay;wm tpfudkBuD;odyfuHaumif;wmyJ}} [k wuf<u
pGmajymvdkufrdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
367
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefu ...
]]tpfudkvkdk ... 'Dudpudk b,folYrS todray;eJYaemf ... uRefru 'Dpmtkyfudk tazhqDu cdk;vmwm ... }}
vkdku tvefYwMum;atmfvdkufonf/
]]tvdk ... bk&m;a& ... q&mhqDu cdk;vmwm ... q&mod&ifb,fvdkvkyfrvJ ... nDrav; q&mpdwfqdk;rSmqdk
wm rodbl;vm; ... }}
vdefvdefu ....
]]bmvkyfEkdifrSmvJ ... tazu uRefrudk pdwfqdk;NyD;owfEkdifrvm; ... tpfudkvkdku odyfpdk;&drfwmudk; ... taz
pdwfqdk;&if tvGefqHk; uRefrudkkdufHkaygh ... wu,fvdkY 'Denf;eJYom tpfudkBuD;touf&SifoGm;&if tazu uRefr
udk csD;awmif csD;usL;vdrfhOD;r,f ... }}
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;\toHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
]]nDrav; ... 'Dpmtkyfudk jyef,loGm; ... q&mhudk jyefay;vdkuf ... }}
vdefvdefrSm tHhMovGef;vSojzifh yg;pyfuav; ta[mif;om; jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ tpfudkBuD; ... uRefru cufcufcJcJ cdk;vmcJh&wm ... bmjzpfvdkY r,l&wmvJ ... tpfudkBuD;
aoaocsmcsm em;vnf&Jhvm;[if ... 'Dpmtkyfudk uRefrcdk;vmwm[m tpfudkBuD;&Jhtoufudku,fzdkY odvm; ...
tpfudkBuD;&Jhtoufudk u,fzdkY ... }}
vkdkuvnf; 0ifajymonf/
]][kwfw,f tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD;taeeJY tm;vHk;udkavhusifhzdkY rvdkygbl; ... tpfudkBuD;&Jh cEmudk,fxJrSm
'kuay;aewJh twGif;tm;awGudk azsmufypfEdkifwJhtxdyJ ... avhusifhaygh ... q&mu 'Dokdif;ynmudk tpfudkBuD;udk
oifay;zdkY &nf&G,x
f m;wmyJOpm tcktpfudkBuD;u BudKoifxm;vdkufawmh ydkawmifaumif;oGm;ao;w,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][ifhtif; ... jyef,loGm;Mu ... igaoawmif 'Dvkdrvkyfbl; ... q&mu ighudk 'Dodkif;ynm oifray;ao;bl;
vdkYajymxm;w,f ... q&mhtrdefYudk ig b,fhES,fvGefqefvdkYjzpfrvJ ... toufom taocHr,f ... q&mcGifhrjyK
ao;bJeJY igroifbl;nDrav; ... jyef,loGm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf pdwfaqmifaeom rQpum;&Snf&Snf ajymvdkufEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf xdkpum;qHk;
onfESifh jyefowdvpfoGm;jyefawmhonf/
vdefvdefu 0rf;enf;aMuuJGpGmjzifh ...
]]tpfudkvkkd ... uRefr jyefoGm;&awmhr,f ... awmfawmfMum tazeJYtaru pdwfylNyD; uRefrudk vdkuf&Smae
Muvdrfhr,f? 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk uRefrxm;cJhr,f ...tpfudkBuD;udkacsmharmhNyD; 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;udk
avhusifhcdkif;ygaemf ... }}
vkkdu ...
]]pdwfcsyg nDrav; ... igacsmhNyD; avhusifhcdkif;ygr,f ... pdwfat;at;om jyefoGm;yg ... }}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;udk wpfcsufrQMunfhvdkufNyD; ajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/
aemufxyf wpfem&DcefYMumaomtcgrS vifh[lcsHK;jyefvnfowd&vmawmhonf/ vkkdu csufcsif;yif twGif;
tm;okdif;pmtkyfukd aumufudkifum ...
]]tpfudkBuD; aoaocsmcsmem;axmifaemf ... uRefawmfzwfjyr,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf a'gowBuD;ESifh atmfvdkuf\/ ol\'Pf&mtajctaeESifh rQatmf[pfvkdufjcif;onf ol\
toufESifh&if; atmf[pfvdkufjcif;jzpfayonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
368
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vkkd ... rif;bmem;vnfovJ ... rif;[m rsufuef;wapraMumuf vkyfaewmyJ ... 'g[m 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh
xdyfwef;vQdKU0Sufodkif;ynm ... rif; q&mhtrdefYr&bJeJY zwf&Jovm; ... jrefjrefjyefydwfvdkufprf; ... ightoufao
vdkY ta&;rBuD;ygbl;uGm ... avmurSm vlwpfa,muf jyKoifhjyKtyf? usifhoifhusifhtyfwJh wm0ef0w&m;awGudk
aqmif&GufjyKusifzh dkYom ta&;BuD;wmyg ... 'grSvlyDorSm ... wynfhwpfa,muftaeeJY q&mcGifhrjyKwJhtvkyf
wpfckudkvkyfwm[m rjyKoifh rvkyfoifhwJhtvkyfyg ... rif; pmtkyfudk jrefjrefydwfvdkufprf;yg vkkd ... }}
vkkdu ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefawmf q&mhudk b,favmufdkaow,fqdkwm tpfudkBuD;todyJ ... tck uRefawmfvkyfae
wm[m tm;vHk; tusdK;rJhwJh vlrdkuftvkyf vkyfaewmr[kwfygbl; ... q&muvnf; tpfudkBuD;udk oifay;zdkY
&nf&G,fxm;wmvnf; wpfaMumif;? tpfudkBuD;&Jhtoufudk 'Denf;eJYom u,fwifEkdifr,fvdkY odxm;vdkYvnf;
wpfaMumif;? 'Dpmtkyfudk zwfjyaewmyg ... tcktcsdefrSm tpfudkBuD;&Jhtoufudku,fzdkYu ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ ...
usefwm bmrS *krpdkufEdkifawmhbl; ... uRefawmf qufzwfvdkufr,f ... tpfukBd uD;om BudK;pm;usifhyg ... }}
vkkdonf ol\pdwfudk ,wdjywf ydkif;jzwfNyD;jzpfojzifh rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk qufzwfaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl cEmudk,fa0'emuwpfzuf? vkkdtm; ajymr&bJ odkif;pmtkyfrSynm&yfrsm;udk rMum;csifbJ Mum;
ae&onfhtwGuf cHpm;ae&onfh pdwfa0'emuwpfzuf ponfha0'emrsm;udk wNydKifeufcHpm;ae&ojzifh l;oGyfcsif
onftxdjzpfvmawmh\/
aemufxyf wpfem&Davmufom vkkdqufzwfaeygu pmwpftkyfvk;H zwfNyD;pD;oGm;ayawmhrnf/
rdrdtaejzifh q&mtcGifhrjyKbJ rusifh&ef qHk;jzwfxm;aomfvnf; tjcm;olrsm;url rdrdu cdk;usifhonf[kyif
pGyfpJGMuayvdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf nnf;nLvkdufawmh\/
vkdku tvefYwMum;jzifh ...
]]tpfudkBuD; bmjzpfovJ[if ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]igh ... ighacgif;tHk;udk enf;enf;avmuf jrifhay;prf;yg}}
vkdku ol\vufESpfzufjzifh vifh[lcsHK;\acgif;tHk;udk udkif tay:okdY jrifhwifay;&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;u kwfw&uf vufdI;jzifh vkdk\&if0&SdtaMumudk xdk;ydwfvdkufawmh\/
vkdkrSm olYtpfudkBuD;u odkY taMumxdk;ydwfvdrfhrnf[k vHk;0rxifcJhojzifh kwfw&uf tHhMooGm;rdawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh taMumydwfcHvdkuf&NyD;onfESihf ckwifem;wGif aysmhacGoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u rcsdNyHK; NyHK;vdkuf&if; ...
]]nDav; ... ighudk pdwfr&SdeJYaemf ... ig rvkyfcsifygbl; ... rvkyfrjzpfvdkY vkyf&wmyg ... 'D twGif;tm;odkif;
pmtkyfudk rzwfygeJYvdkY twefwefajym&ufu rif;zwfjyaevdkY 'Dvkdvkyfvdkuf&wmyg ... rif;'DrSm oHk;em&Davmuf
aumif;aumif;tdyfvdkufyg ... rif;&JhtaMum ajyoGm;ygvdrfhr,f ... }} [k ajymvdkuf\/
pum;qHk;onfESifh ckwifay:rStm;wif; xxdkifvkdufonf/ rdk;BudK;twGif;tm; odkif;pmtkyfukd ckwif
acgif;&if;&Sd cHkay:wGifwifvkdufNyD; tcef;axmifhrS wkwfwpfacsmif;udk qJG,lvsuf wkef,ifcsdeJYpGmjzifh tcef;tjyifodkY
jznf;Sif;pGm avQmufxGufoGm;awmhonf/
vkdku pdk;&drfwBuD; vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; b,foGm;rvdkYvJ ... 'Davmuf 'Pf&mjyif;xefwJhvl vrf;avQmufoGm;&if tpfudkBuD; 'kua&muf
oGm;vdrfhr,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
369
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;u csdeJYpGmjzifh ajymvdu

k fonf/
]]nDav; ... igta0;BuD;udkoGm;r,f ... 'D rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfeJY a0;EkdiforQ a0;wJhae&mudk oGm;
r,f ... a0;av ightwGufaumif;avyJ ... ig 'Dokdif;pmtkyfem;rSm aoaewmudkawGY&if awmfawmfMum
olrsm;awGu ig 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudkcdk;usifh&if; ratmifjrifbJeJY aooGm;wmvdkYajymMuvdrfhr,f nDav;? tJ'Dvdk
tajymcH&rSmudk ightaeeJY q,fcgjyefao&wmxuf aMumufygw,f ... nDav;udk taMumydwfcJhwJhtwGuf ighudk
cGifhvTwfygawmhaemf ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf pum;qHk;oGm;onfESifh ]a0gh} ceJ aoG;rsm; xdk;tefvu
dk fawmhonf/
vkdktm; pum;ajymcsifao;aomfvnf; qufrajym&Jawmh/
qufajymvQif tcef;xJrS tjyifokdY avQmufxGufEkdifonfhtiftm;yif usef&Sdawmhrnfr[kwf/
xdkYaMumifh csnfhcsnfheJYeJY wkefwkef,if,ifjzifh wkwfudktm;jyKum avQmufxGufoGm;awmhonf/
rnfrQ vrf;avQmufvmrdonfukd olrodacs/ olYajcaxmufrsm; aysmhacGTwfusrwwf jzpfvmaomfvnf;
tm;wif; w&GwfqJGavQmufvmcJhonf/ olYOD;acgif; w0D0Djrnfvsuf&SdaeacsNyD/ olYrsufvHk;rsm;onfvnf;
jyma0pjyKvmNyD/
xdkpOf ol\ta&SUbuf jrufawmxJrS nnf;nLoHwpfcsufudk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh wpfcsufrQ wkefvIyfoGm;rd
\/ odkYaomf olYtm; ulnDEdkifol jzpfaumif;jzpfrnf[laomtodaMumifh tm;wufvmrdjyefonf/ ol\tiftm;rsm;
udk pkpnf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]a&SUu b,folvJ ... }}
xdktcg jrufawmxJrStoHwpfoH xGufay:vmawmhonf/ xdktoHaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefyiftHhMooGm;
rdawmh\/
]]vifh[lcsHK;vm; ... igu xifaygyg ... }}
xifaygxHrS nnf;nLoHudk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh vifh[lcsHK; pdk;&drfxdwfvefYpGm ar;vdkufonf/
]]xifayg ... cifAsm; b,fvdkjzpfaewmvJ ... }}
xifaygxHrS a0'emcHpm;ae&[efwlonfh jyefajymoHudk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... igao&awmhr,f ... ighudk vmowfay;prf;yguGm ... tm; ... }}
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vifh[lcsHK;\toHxuf rsm;pGmrmausmaeao;onf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]usKyfvnf; 'Pf&m &xm;w,f ... }}
ajym&if;qk&d if;rS vifh[lcsHK;onf wif;rcHEdkifawmhbJ vJusoGm;awmh\/
xifaygu wkefvIyfpGmjzifh vSr;f ar;jyefonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;vnf; 'Pf&m&xm;w,f [kwfvm;? b,folYvufcsufvJ ... }}
]]ajymvdkYrukefygbl;Asm ... cifAsm;aum b,folYvufcsufeJY 'D'Pf&m &wmvJ ... }}
]]igvnf; rodbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u wtHhwMojyefar;vdkuf\/
]]b,fvdk ... b,fhES,f udk,fh'Pf&m&atmif vkyfwJhvludk rod&wmvJ ... }}
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wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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a,mufuzrf;NyD; avxJqJGajrmufxm;vdkufwmyJ ... igu 'DvlawGu b,fvdkvlawGvJqdkwmawmif tuJrcwf
Edkifygbl;uGm ... }}
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]]vufpowfawmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufeJY oGm;wdk;aewmudk; ... usKyfvnf;olwdkYaMumifh 'Dvdkjzpf&wmyJ ...
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wpfa,mufudk vm&SmMuwm ... olwdkYu ighudk avxJqJGajrmufNyD;wmeJY ][kdvl b,frSmvJ} vdkY ar;awmhwmyJ ...
igu b,folvJvdkYjyefar;awmh olwdkYuighudkajymw,f ... olwdkYu ighudkzrf;xm;wmqdkawmh olwdkYuom ighudk
ar;cGifh&Sdw,fwJh ... igu olwdkYudk jyefrar;&bl;wJh ... wu,fvdkY iguom olwdkYudkzrf;xm;Edkif&if igu olwkdYudk
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... t&ifqHk;wpfa,mufu 0ifajymjyefw,f ... ]olwdkYudk av;jcrf;qJGjzJypfvkdufawmh olwdkYu bmudkrS aMumufp&m
r&Sdawmhbl;aygh? igwkdYu &Spfjcrf;rS qJGrjzJEdkifwmyJ? olwdkYu igwdkYudk raMumufawmhwJhaemuf igwkdYar;wJhpum;
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xifaygonf jywfawmif;jywfawmif;ESifh wwfEkdiforQjynfhpHkatmif ajymjyaeonf/
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wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
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aovk arsmyg; jzpfae&wmyJ ... }}
xifaygrSm tHhMovGef;vSojzifh ...
]]bm ... rif; ... rif;vJ olwdkYvufcsufeJY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u oufjyif;csum ...
]][kwfw,f ... olwdkY nDtpfudkajcmufa,muf&Jh vufcsufeJYyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u olYpum;udk acw&yfvdkufNyD; ...
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______
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aumif[m b,favmufawayw,fqdkwm rif;vnf;todyJ? bmrStaMumuftGHU&SdwJhaumifr[kwfbl;qdkwm rif;
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rodbl; ... }}
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igvnf; olwdkYvdk ajymrSjzpfawmhr,f qdkwJhtBuHyJ ... 'geJY ightBuHudk csufcsif; taumiftxnfaz:vkdufw,f ...
uJ ... cifAsm;wdkY usKyfudk ar;p&m&Sd&ifar; ... EdkYrdkY&if usKyftqdyfaiGYvTwfvdkufawmhr,faemf}} vdkY igu cyfwnf
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k frdawmh
onf/
xifaygu ...
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vifh[lcsHK;rSm ol\'Pf&mrsm; emusifaeonfhMum;rS w[if;[if;ESifh &,faerdawmh\/
xifaygu ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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vTGwfcsvdkufMuwmyJ ... ighudkausmay;NyD; olwdkYESmacgif;udk ydwfxm;Muw,f ... 'geJY igvnf;ydkifNyDqkdNyD; xGuf
ajy;zdkYBudK;pm;vdkufwm r&ygbl;uGm ... wu,fhudkjrefwJhvlawGyg ... igvnf;ajy;vdkufa&m csufcsif; igha&SU
a&mufvmNyD; wm;vdkufMuwmyJ ... ighaemufrSmawmh wpfa,mufrSr&yf&JMubl;uG ... aemufqHk;awmh olwdkYu
ighudkzdcsvdkuMf uw,f ... aemufNyD; olwdkYtcsif;csif;ar;vdkufw,f ... ]avvnf&if b,fuvnfwmvJ} wJh
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]]'Dvlajcmufa,mufu ighudkqufar;w,f ... igu rajymawmh ighudk a&a&vnfvnf ESdyfpufawmhwmyJ ...
vihf[lcsHK;? 'Dvlajcmufa,muf&Jhodkif;ynmu wu,fhudkaMumufp&maumif;wJh odkif;ynmuG ... rif;&Jhq&mbdk;bdk;
q&mBuD;zkef;csif;udk jrefjrefBudKwif taMumif;Mum;xm;vdkuf ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
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bdk;bkd; r[kwfygbl; ... }}
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375
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xifaygu ...
]]q&mav; ... &Dvif ... [m ... cRrf;aye,f ... }}
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vifh[lcsHK;u ...
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]]vifh[lcsHK; ... bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u ighvdk vlqdk;vl,kwfrmudk apmifha&Smufyghrvm;uG ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]][kwfw,f ... cifAsm;vdkvlrsdK;udkawmh apmifha&SmufcsifrSapmifha&Smufr,f ... 'gayr,fh usKyfygao;w,f ...
usKyfu usKyfbmom pnf;ysufurf;ysufaeayr,fh olrsm;udkb,fawmhrS rawmfrw&m; rapmfum;cJhbl; ... usKyf
toufudkawmifpGefYNyD; tultnDay;cJhwmyg ... 'Dawmh bk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u cifAsm;&Jhpdwf"gwfudk rBudKuf
vdkY rapmifha&Smufcsifawmif usKyfrsufESmaxmufxm;NyD; cifAsm;udk u,fwifapmifha&SmufEdkifygao;w,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;rsm;onf wdk;wdk;nif;nif;uav;om xGufay:vmjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; xifayg\ESvHk;om;
xJodkY pl;&Sepf0ifoGm;awmh\/ xifayg\rsufESm awGa0pOf;pm;aeaom trlt&mrsm;ay:aeawmhonf/
rsm;rMumrDyif ESpfa,mufpvHk; vJusae&mrS rwfwwfxMu&ef pdwful;rdvdkufMuonf/ odkYaomf ESpfa,muf
pvHk; tiftm;[l vHk;0r&SdMuawmhay/ xyfrHBudK;pm;Muaomfvnf; vHk;0rwfwwfr&yfEdkifMuawmhay/ xdkYaMumifh
w[m;[m; &,fvdkufrdMuawmh\/ xifaygu ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... igqdkwJhaumifu odkif;avmuxJrSm usifvnfvmcJhwmMumNyD ... rdwfaqGaumif;qdkvdkY
wpfa,mufrSr&Sdygbl; ... ig qdk;,kwfcJhvdkYvnf; rdwfaqGr&SdcJhwmwpfaMumif;aygh? tck rif;eJY twlwlao&awmh
r,f ... bmyJajymajym rif;eJYtwlwlao&wm ig *kPf,lw,f ... ig aysmfvnf; aysmfw,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; &,f
]]aemufydki;f rSm ... usKyfq&mu usKyfwdkYESpfa,muf&Jhtavmif;udkomawGYoGm;&ifawmh ... wpfa,mufeJY
wpfa,muf tjyif;txef owfykwfMu&if;eJY aow,fvdkYxifoGm;awmhrSmyJ? 'gayr,fh usKyfwkdYESpfa,mufu
nD&if;tpfudkvdk oabmxm;NyD; aooGm;Muwmudkawmh b,folrSodrSmr[kwfbl;}} [kajymvdkufrdawmh\/
xifaygu ol\vufwpfzufudk vSrf;um ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... ighvufudkqJGvdkufprf;yg ... igwdkYvufwJGNyD; aoMupdkY}} [k ajymavawmhonf/
xdktcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm wcsufrQawGa0oGm;awmh\/ xifaygu olESifhvufwJGcdkif;jcif;rSm aoaygif;&Sifaygif;
rdwfaqGtjzpf todtrSwfjyKcdkif;jcif;yifjzpfawmh\/ rdrdtaejzifh tqifhtxdawmh olESifhvufrwJGEkdifay/
xifaygqdkonfhvlrSm odkif;avmu ]yef;bDvl;} [laom emrnfqdk;wpfvHk;&xm;aomoljzpf\/ rdrdrSmrl odkif;
avmu tNrJwrf; rSefrSefuefuef jyKrlaqmif&Gufavh&Sdaom 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf ]opm&Sif"m;orm;} &ufykcRef\
wynfhBuD;jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
376
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rdrdtaejzifh xifaygESifh tb,frSmvQif aoaygif;&Sifaygif;rdwfaqGtjzpf vufwJGEkdifygtHhenf;/

xdkodkYpOf;pm;vdkufrdojzifh ol\vufudk xifayg&Sd&modkY rvSrf;Edkifatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
xifaygurl vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh pOf;pm;rdNyD; vufrvSrf;Edkifjzpfaeonfurdk od/ 'Pf&mjyif;xefvGef;vS
vufudkyifraTUEkdif[k xifaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh xifaygu wkef,ifvdIufvSJpGm vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;pdwfcsprf;yg ...igu rif;udk igh&Jhrdwf&if;aqG&if;wpfa,mufvdk owfrSwfvdkufygNyD ...
igwdkYESpfa,muf twlwlarG;cJhMuwm r[kwfayr,fh wpfaeYwnf;awmh twlwlaovdkYjzpfygw,f ... rif;u
ighxuft&if ydkapmNyD;ao&ifvnf; igwpfa,mufwnf; touf&Sifusefrae&pfcJhbl; ... igygvdkufaor,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; xifayg\pdwf&if;oabm&if;udk od&aomtcg &ifxJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmh\/ xkdYaMumifh
ol\vufudk vSrf;ykwf&if; &,fvdkufonf/
]]xifayg ... cifAsm;eJYusKyf twlwlaoawmh tazmf&wmayghAsm ... rysif;bl;aygh ... }}
olwdkYESpfa,mufvufwGJ&ef jyifvdkufpOfrSmyif at;pufrmausmaom &,foHwpfoHudk xdwfvefYpzG,f Mum;
vdkuf&awmh\/ vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]b,fhES,fjzpfaewmvJ ... 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jw
h ynfhBuD; ... b,fhES,f'Dvlqdk;eJYaygif;ae&wmvJ ... }}
xifaygu atmfar;vdkuf\/
]]b,folvJ ... }}
]]'kuyJ ... igu aocgeD;vljzpfaevdkY bmrSta&;rBuD;bl;? ightwGufeYJ q&mawmh odumus&awmhr,f ... }}
xdkpOf ... apmapmuajymvdkufonfhvlonf "m;udkif avQmufxGufvmonfudk awGYvdkuf&awmh\/ xdkvlu
oa&mfajymvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;taeeJY rif;&JhtrSm;udk jyifqifcsifw,fq&dk if jzpfEdkifao;w,f ... a[m'D"m;udk,lNyD;
xifaygudkowfvdkuf ... 'Dvdkqkd&if b,folurS rif;udktjypfrwifEdkifawmhbl;}}
ajymNyD;onfESifh ol\"m;udk ajrBuD;ay:odkY ypfpdkufvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf xdk"m;udkjrifvu
dk f&onfESifh
aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm; qJGudkifavh&Sdaom "m;rSef;odvkdufojzifh ...
]]aMomf ... aumif;qef;*dkPf;uudk; ... cifAsm; b,folvJ}}
]][m; ...[m; ... [m; ... rif;u rsufpdtjrifawmh awmfawmfoefom;yJ ... igu aumif;qef;*dkPf;u
ul&efuG}}
]]aemifBuD;ul&ef ... 0gqef;awmifay:udk bmudpwuf vmwmvJ odyg&ap ... }}
]]igvmwJhudpvm; ... at; ... rif;odcsif&ifawmh ajymjy&rSmaygh ... igwdkY&Jh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u ighudk
0gqef;awmifukv
d TwfNyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;taMumif; pHkprf;cdkif;vdkufwmyJ ... tjyifavmurSm owif;xGufaeovdk
0gqef;*dkPf;uvlawG wu,fysufpD;aewm [kwfr[kwf pHkprf;ckdif;vdkufwmyJ ... uJ ... tckyJMunfhprf; ...
igvnf;0gqef;awmifudkvnf;a&mufa&m rif;u 'Dvlqdk;eJY aygif;aewmudk awGY&awmhwmyJ ... }}
xifaygu atmf[pfqJqdkvdkufawmhonf/ ul&efurl xifaygudk vHk;0*krpdkufacs/ olu vihf[lcsHK;udk
t&SufcJG&efom qEjyif;xefaeonf/ vifh[lcsHK;t&SufuJGvQif 0gqef;*dkPf;t&SufuJGjcif;yif r[kwfygavm/
]]vifh[lcsHK; .. rif; olYudk rowfEdkifbl;aygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u a'gojzifh atmf[pfvkduo
f nf/
]]usKyf olYudk owfwmrowfwmu cifAsm;eJYbmrSrqdkifbl;? cifAsm;owd&Sdw,fqkd&if usKyfudk wpfcsufwnf;
eJY xdk;owfvdkufayawmh? owdr&Sdbl;qdk&ifvnf; 0gqef;awmifay:u qif;oGm;ayawmh ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
377
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ul&efu vifh[lcsHK;ajymonfhpum;udk *krpdkuf? olYpum;udkom olqufajymaeonf/

]]rif;u olYudkrowfbl;aygh? rif;pdwfxJrSm olYudk rdwfaqGvdk oabmxm;aewmaygh [kwfvm; ... }}
]]usKyf b,fvlqdk;olcdk;eJYaygif;aygif; cifAsm;eJYaygif;wmxufawmh omao;wmyJ ... }}
xifaygu ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;&Jhpum;uawmh wu,fhudkajymifajrmufygayw,fuGm ... }}
ul&efurl ...
]]rif;wkdYu iga'goxGufvmNyD; rif;wdkYukd wpfcsufwnf;eJY xdk;owfapcsifaewmvm;? 'Dvdkb,f&vdrfhrvJ?
igu rif;wkdYESpfa,mufudk udk,fwHk;vHk;cRwfNyD; BudK;eJYcsnfxm;r,f? rif;wdkY&JhtaMumawGudkvnf; xdk;ydwfxm;vdkuf
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vdkufjyr,f? [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... &ufykcRefu olYudk,fol opm&Sif"m;orm;qkdNyD; wu,fhq&mBuD;orm;BuD;
yHkpH zrf;aewm? 'Dwpfcgawmh [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
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tewpum; rsm;jzifh atmfqJaeawmh\/
ul&efu vifh[lcsHK;udk tusrSqJGrvdkufonf/ xkdpOf atmufbufrS rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\atmfoHudk Mum;
vdkuf&awmh\/
]]a[; ... 'du tpfudkBuD; bmvkyfaewmvJ ... }}
ul&efu aemufbufodkYvSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcg rdef;uav;wpfa,muf cyfvSrf;vSrf; &yfMunfhaeonfudk
awGYvdkuf&avojzifh vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]rif;'DrSm bmvmvkyfaewmvJ ... }}
xifaygurl xkdtoHMum;vdkuf&onfESifh tvGefw&m0rf;omtm;&jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ csufcsif;yif toHukef
atmfvdkufawmhonf/
]]q&m ... q&mav;&Dvif jrefjrefvm? jrefjrefvm? a[m'Draumif;qdk;0g;BuD;u q&mav;&Jh tpfudkBuD;
vifh[lcsHK;udk 'kuay;awmhr,f ... }}
xdktcg &DvifrSm ajrBuD;ay: vJavsmif;vsuf&SdaeolrSm olr\tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;jzpfaeonfudk
Mum;odvdkuf &aomtcg tvefYwMum;atmf[pfvsuf csufcsif;ckef0ifvmawmh\/
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK; [kwfvm; ... }}
&Dvifonf ul&efudk vHk;0*krpdkufrday/ vifh[lcsHK;udkom tmHkpdkufaeonf/ ul&efu vufdI;jzifh &Dvif\
taMumukd xdk;ydwf&ef vufjzifh&G,fvku
d fonf/
kwfw&uf ol\tusukyfrSm wpfcsufwif;ceJjzpfoGm;NyD; ol\cEmudk,frSm avxJwGif ajrmufwufoGm;
awmh\/ ul&efonf tBuD;tus,fxdwfvefYoGm;NyD; nmwHawmifauG;jzifh aemufvludk aqmifhvdkufonf/ odkYaomf
vHk;0rxd? ajcaxmufjzifh aemufjyefuefvdkufjyefonf/ onfwpfBudrv
f nf; vHk;0rxd? xkdYaMumifh ydkrdkaMumufGHU
vmNyD; aemuffrSvludk aemufjyefzrf;csKyfonfhoikd f;uGufjzifh toHk;jyK&ef [efjyifvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg ol\vnfrsdKodkY cufxefMurf;wrf;aom vufBuD;wpfzufu vma&mufqkyfudkifzspfSpfjcif;udk
cHvdkuf&NyD; vHk;0toufrIEdkifawmhbJ wpfudk,fvHk; aysmhacGusoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK; jyefvnfowd&vmaomtcgwGifrl rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ atmfac:aeoHudk Mum;vdu
k frdonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
378
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf &DvifhtoHrSef;odonf/ ol\rsufvHk;rsm;udk zGifhMunfhvdkufaomtcg wu,fyif &Dvifjzpfae

aMumif; awGY&awmh\/ xdkpOf us,favmifvSonfh toHBuD;wpfckudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&jyef\/
]]&Dvif ... 'Dbdef;pm;vlrrmu vifh[lcsHK;qdkwJhvlvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdktoH&Sifudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufaomtcg olYrSm xckefrdrwwf xdwfvefYoGm;awmhonf/ xdk
toH&SifrSm tvGef0zdkifhwkwfcdkifvSNyD; t&yftarmif;rSmvnf; tvGefaumif;vSonfh bkef;BuD;wpfyg;jzpfaeonfudk
awGY&onf/ ol\ouFef;rSm teDa&mifjzpfNyD; tarSmifxJwGif aoG;a&mifuJhokdYjzpfae\/ ol\ vuf0Jbufvuf
wGif ul&efukd qJGudkifxm;onf/ ul&efrSm xdkbkef;BuD;\vufxJwGif <uufaoav;wpfaumif udkifqJGxm;ouJhodkY
jzpfaeawmhonf/ touf&Sd[ef rwlawmh/
&Dvifu ...
]]taz ... olu tpfudkBuD;vifh[lcsHK;yJ? bdef;pm;r[kwfygbl; ... }}
olru vifh[lcsHK;\'Pf&mrsm;udk pdk;&drfwBuD;&SmazGae&mrS jyefajymvkdufjcif;jzpf\/ olr\pum;aMumifh
vifh[lcsHK; tBuD;tus,fxdwfvefYoGm;onf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]&Dvifu r,foDv&Sifav;yJ? olYrSm b,fhES,f bkef;BuD;taz&SdaejyefwmvJ? bkef;BuD;rSm orD;&Sdw,fqdkwmu
cyf&Sm;&Sm;yJ? 'Dvkd r,foDv&SifjzpfaewJh orD;&Sdw,fqdkwmu ydkawmif&Sm;ao;w,f}} [kawG;vdkufrdonf/
xdkbkef;BuD;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...
]]orD; ... eif aeYwkdif;nwdkif;pOf;pm;aewJh vifh[lcsHK;udk vlacsm? vlcefYBuD; awmifhawmifhwif;wif; usm;usm;
vsm;vsm; a,mufsm;BuD;vkdYxifaewm? tckawmh ajrBuD;ay:rSmvJus aocsif[efaqmifNyD; olrsm;apmfum;wmudk
bmrSjyefrvkyf&JwJhaumifrSef; od&awmhw,f? 'Dvdkbdef;pm;rsdK;udk igawmh om;rufrawmfEdkifbl;? 'Daumifudk
ta&;pkdufraeeJY? uJ ... igwdkYoGm;Mur,f}} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
&DvifrSm &Sufvnf;&Suf? a'govnf;xGufvmojzifh ...
]]tazaemf ... bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ? b,folu aeYwkdif;nwdkif;pOf;pm;aevdkYvJ? tazoGm;csifoGm;?
uRefrawmhrvdkufEdkifbl; ... }} [k qlaqmifh jyefajymvdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; bkef;BuD;u rdrdtm; ]bdef;pm;} [kvnf;aumif;? ]ol&JabmaMumifol} [kvnf;aumif;?
Iwfcsaeonfudk Mum;&aomtcg a'goxGufvmawmhonf/
]]cifAsm;oGm;csif&ifoGm;? b,folurS cifAsm;udkqJGrxm;bl;? cifAsm;oGm;av usKyfem;at;avyJ ... }}
xifaygu tvefYwMum; 0ifatmfonf/
]]oloGm;vdkY rjzpfbl;uG? olYudk roGm;ygapeJY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJAs ... }}
xifaygu ...
]]ightwGuf tqdyfajzaq;u olYqDrSm&Sdaewm? oloGm;&if igaorSmaygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]cifAsm; ylraeprf;ygeJYAsm? cifAsm;ao&if usKyfuvnf; cifAsm;eJt
Y wlwl vdkufaoay;yghr,f ... }}
xdktcg bkef;BuD;onf w[m;[m; &,farmawmh\/
]]aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? 'Daumifav;u pdwf"mwfawmfawmfrmwmyJ? orD; 'Daumifhudk igenf;enf;
oabmusvmNyD? 'gayr,fh igolYudk ar;&OD;r,f? ol t&ufaomufovm; ... }}
&Dvifu rajzrDyif vifh[lcsHK;u atmf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
379
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aomufwmayghAs ... aeYvnf;aomuf? nvnf;aomuf? tNrJwrf;aomufaewmyJ ... }} [k ajymvdkuf\/

bkef;BuD;onf vifh[lcsHK;\pum;udkMum;aomtcg tvGefoabmusoGm;NyD; ...
]]orD; ... eifhtaz[m b,fvdkbkef;BuD;rsdK; qkdwmajymjyvdkufprf; ... }} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
&Dvifu &SufNyHK;NyHK;&if; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrtazu bkef;BuD;tppfr[kwfygbl;? ta&NcHKbkef;BuD;yg? olYrSm bm0denf;rSvnf;r&Sdbl;?
t&ufaomufw,f? tom;pm;w,f? tm;vHk;vkyfw,f? aemufqHk; uRefrudkawmif arG;vdkufao;w,f ... }} [k
olrtaz\Zmpfjrpfukd t&Sif;qHk;ajymjyvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u vufraxmifvdkufNyD; ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... wu,fhbkef;BuD;yJ? usKyfeJYawmhudkufaeNyD ... }}
oluajym&if; vl;vJx&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/ &Dvifuvnf; az;rwJGxlay;vdkufojzifh rwfwwf&yfEdkifoGm;
\/ vifh[lcsHK;u &,farm&if; ...
]]OD;av;u bmrqdkvkyf&Jvsufom;eJY 'DvdkrGefjrwfwJhouFef;udk bmjzpfvdkYNcHKxm;&wmvJ? ouFef;udk apmfum;
&musaewmaygh ... }} [k ajymvdkuf\/
xdktcg bkef;BuD;u ...
]]igu 'gawGem;rvnfygbl;uGm ... ighemrnfu ykusufwJh ... rSwfxm; ... igbkef;BuD;0wfwmudkawmh
odyfrtHhMoeJY ... rif;vdkyJayghuGm ... r,foDv&Sifwpfyg;udkBudKufrdvdkYyJa[h}}
&Dvifu &SufaoG;aMumifh &J&JeDaeaom rsufESmuav;jzifh ...
]]tazuav odyfcufwmyJ ... bmawGavQmufajymaejyefNyDvJ rodbl;}} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
ykusufu ...
]]orD; ... eifubmem;vnfvdkYvJ ... a,mufsm;qdkwm [kwf&if[kwfw,f ... r[kwf&ifr[kwfbl;aygh ...
olrsm;udk bmjzpfvdkY*kpdkufae&rSmvJ ... &,f&,f qJqJ iguawmh b,folYrSrrIbl;uG ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;ESifhxifaygrSm ykusuf\ a[ma[m'dkif;'kdif;pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGefoabmus
oGm;ojzifh
]][kwfw,f ... 'g[kwfw,f}} [k oHNydKifatmf[pf axmufcHvdkufMuawmh\/
ykusufuxdkESpfa,muf\ tm;wufoa&mcsD;usL;axmufcHoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGefoabmusoGm;
ojzifh tm;vHk;yGifhxGufvmawmh\/
]]ighorD;&Jh taruvnf; r,foDv&SifyJuG ... }}
]]aMomf ... &Dvif&Jh taruvnf; r,foDv&SifyJudk;}} [k awG;vdkufrdonf/
bkef;BuD;a,mifykusufu ...
]]tJ'Dwkef;u igu 0ufowform;uG ... igu olYtarudkBudKufrdawmh aemufqHk;rwwfomawmhwmeJY
bkef;BuD;0wfvdkuf&wmyJ ... a,mufsm;BudKufawmhqkdufqkdufvm qkdwm 'grsdK;yJayghuG ... igpOf;pm;wmu wpfrsdK;
uG ... bkef;BuD;eJY r,foDv&Sifu ydkNyD;eD;pyfw,fr[kwfvm; ... 'gaMumifhbkef;BuD;0wfwm ... ighq&muvnf;
ighudk bkef;BuD;wpfoufvHk;0wfcdkif;w,f ... 'geJY igvnf; olYtar&Jhtcspfudk&NyD;awmhvnf; vl0wfrvJawmhbl;
... aemufqHk; &DvifudkarG;vmwmyJ ... vifh[lcsHK; rif;tzdkYawmh ighvdkr[kwfygbl;uGm ... trsm;BuD;tqifajyaeyg
NyD ... ighwkef;uvdk bkef;BuD;0wfp&m rvkdawmhygbl; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
380
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl bkef;BuD;a,mifykusuf\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg &,f&tcuf idk&tcufjzpfaeawmh\/

olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]nDrav;&Dvifudk iguu,fwifcJhawmh nDrav;&Dvifu ighudkwdrf;TwfoGm;wmrsm;vm;rodbl; ... olu
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
381
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
382
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]taz ... taz}} [k atmf uref;uwef;ajy;ayGYvdkufonf/

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wpfcsufwnf;eJY SpfowfypfzdkY pdwful;xm;wm ... 'gayr,fh rif;u vifh[lcsHK;ukd cufcufcJcJawGYatmif&Smay;cJh
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ykusufu ajymajymqdkqkdESifh aq;ykvif;udkxkwf aq;oHk;vHk;xkwfay;vdkufNyD; ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
383
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mBuD; ... tckvdk usKyfudk u,fwifukoay;wJhtwGuf trsm;BuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f ... }}

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igu rif;&Jha,mur ... uJ ... bmaus;Zl;wifp&m vdkao;vdkYvJ}}
[k jyefajymvkdufawmh\/
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ykusufu ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
384
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&meJY q&mrwdkY tJ'Dwkef;u awmifay:rSm r&Sdygbl;}}

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aowmxuf rif;tzdkY odumusw,f? em;vnf&Jhvm; ... }}
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olrsm;&JhorD;ysdKawGudk rapmfum;awmhygbl;wJh ... uRefawmf olY&JUpum;udk ,HMk unfygw,f ... 'gaMumifhrdkY ... }}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
385
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
NyD;aemuf ,drf;,dkifpGmjzifh xifaygxHodkY avQmufoGm;awmh\/ xifayga&SuodkY a&mufaomtcg ol\

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&ufykcRefu csufcsif;wm;jrpfvdkuf\/
]]rvkyfeJY ... orD;owf&if orD;&Jhemrnfysufr,f ... ighudk"m;ay;prf; ... }}
vdefvdefu "m;udkvSrf;ay;vdkuf\/ &ufykcRefu "m;udk vufjzifhvSrf;rudkifyJ ol\tusp&Snfjzifh &pfywf
vdkuf\/ ykusufonf xdktcsif;t&mudkawGYvdkuf&aomtcg tvefYwMum;atmf[pfwm;jrpfvdkufonf/
]]rvkyfeJY ... }}
olu uref;uwef;jzifh ol\zdeyfESpfzufudkcRwf vufwGif aumufudkifvdkufonf/
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu ol\tusvufp&Snfudk wpfcsufvJT,rf;vdkuf&m "m;onfvsifjrefvSaom t&SdefEIef;jzifh
xifayg&Sd&modkY xdk;pkdufoGm;awmh\/ rQvsifjrefvSaom"m;udk xifaygtaejzifh ckcHa&Smifwdrf;&efrvG,facs/
'Pf&m&xm;onfhtcsufu olYtwGuf ydkqdk;oGm;jcif;jzpf\/
ykusufuvnf; ol\zdeyfESpfzufudk csufcsif;vdkvkdyif ypfvTwfvdkufawmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
386
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rdk;xJavxJwdkufyJG
wu,fpifppf "m;onf oHjzifhjyKvkyfxm;jcif;aMumifh av;av;vHvHjzifhypfcwf&mwGif tm;ygonf/ ydkrkd
a0;a0;vHvHodkYa&mufEdkifonf/ zdeyfurl ayghyg;onf/ ta0;odkYa&muf&ef rvG,fvSacs/ xdkYjyif "m;udkt&if
ypfvTwfvdkujf cif;jzpf&m zdeyfonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ trDvdkufEkdifrnfr[kwfacs/
okdYaomf ykusuf\zdeyfESpfzufonf "m;udkrDoGm;NyD; xdwfvefYtHhMopzG,f kwfw&ufa0hywfoGm;NyD; "m;OD;udk
&ufykcRefbufokdY jyefvSnfhqJGac:vmav\/ &ufykcRefxHra&mufrD ayESpfq,fcefYtuGmta0;odkYa&mufrS "m;ESifh
zdeyfwkdYt&Sdefao atmufodkYjyKwfusoGm;awmh\/
ykusufonf pdwfysufvufysufjzifh atmf[pfaerdawmhonf/
]]'kuyJ ... 'kuyJ ... orD; tazawmh 'Doruf&Jh twGif;'Pf&mawG ukoay;vdkuf&vdkY tazhtwGif;tm;awG
b,favmufukefcrf;oGm;w,fqdkwm awGYovm; ... tvdkav; ... ighorufudk 'Dtwdkif;xyfNyD; ukoay;&r,f
qkd&ifawmh ighrSm twGif;tm;vHk;0usefrSmawmifr[kwfawmhbl; ... trSefqdk&if "m;[m ighorufq&m&Jh a&SUwpfay
tuGmrSm atmufjyefus&rSm ... tckawmh Munfhprf;ygOD; ... vrf;wpf0ufuwifusoGm;owJh ... &Sufp&maumif;
vdkufwmuGm ... }}
&Dvifurl olrtaz\tjyKtrlaMumifh &ufykcRef rsufESmysufaeonfudk awGY&aomtcg olr\tazudk
vSrf;qJGvdkufNyD; pdwfrysuf&eftm;ay;NyD; pum;vrf;aMumif;ajymif;&ef BudK;pm;aeonf/
&ufykcRefonf apmapmu tusvufp&Snfjzifh&pfywf "m;udkypfvkdufonfht&SdefEIef; rnfrQjyif;onfudk ol
aumif;pGmod&d\
S / ,ckuJhodkY xifaygtaejzifh 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm&aeonfr[kwfbJ vlaumif;yuwd&SdaevQifyif
"m;udk a&Smifwdrf;Ekdifrnfr[kwfacs/ wpfcsufwnf;ESifh xifaygudk xdk;pdkuftaoowfEkdifrnf[k wGufqxm;
onf/
odkYaomf ykusufu rdrd\"m;udk ol\zdeyfESpfzufjzifh wm;xm;EdkifHkrQru tm;vrf;aMumif;udkajymif;apNyD;
rdrdbufokdY "m;OD;jyefvSnfhvmapcJh\/ tcsif;t&monf ykusufbkef;BuD;\twGi;f tm; rnfrQjyif;xefonfudk
jyjcif;jzpf\/ xkdYjyif ykusuftaejzifh vifh[lcsHK;tm; twGif;tm;jzifhukoay;xm;& tm;ukefaeonf[k qkdEdkif
ayao;\/ xdktcsufrsm;aMumifh ykusuf\twGif;tm;onf rdrdxuf trsm;BuD;jynfY0aeaMumif; xif&Sm;aeay
onf/
odkYaomf rdrdu rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;udk rxkwfao; wu,fwrf; twGif;tm;csif;,SOfNydKifvQif rnfolu
twGif;tm;ydkomonf rodEkdifao;acs/ xifaygudkwkdufcdkufonfhudpwGif rdrduJhodkY *dkPf;csKyfBuD;wpfa,muftzdkY
wpfcsufrxdonfESifh aemufwpfBudrf odumuscH wkdufcdkufrjzpfawmhacs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
387
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYaMumifh wif;rmaomrsufESmxm;jzifh ykusuftm; vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/

]]q&mBuD;u 'Dvlqdk;vl,kwfrmudk tumtuG,fay;aewmqdkawmh 'DaeY 'Dvlqdk;udk cGifhvTwfvdkufr,f ...
'gayr,fh ... q&mBuD;eJY usKyfeJYuawmh &ifqkdifzdkYtajctaea&mufvmNyD ... uJ ... }}
ykusufu &ufykcRef\pum;udk vHk;0*krpdkufbJ vifh[lcsHK;bufodkYvSnfhum ...
]]orufav; ... oGm;MupdkY ... rif;&Jh*dkPf;wlnDrav;u ighorD;avmufeD;eD; kyfacsmw,f ... rif; oleJYeD;eD;
ae&if igodyfpdwfrcsbl; ... }}
vlrIa&;&mvHk;0rodbJ ajymcsif&majymaeaom ykusuf\pum;aMumifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm rsm;pGmtae&cufoGm;\/
xdkYaMumifh vif[
h lcsHK;u ...
]]q&mBuD; ... pum;udkowdxm;NyD;ajymyg ... q&mBuD;u uRefawmft
h oufudk u,fcJhwJhtwGuf uRefawmfu
aus;Zl;rarhygbl; ... 'gayr,fh q&mBuD; rqifrjcifajymvdkufwJhpum;awG[m nDrav;&DvifeJY [efqef;*dkPf;&Jh
*kPfodumudk xdcdkufapEkdifygw,f ... 'gaMumifh pum;ajym&if qifqifjcifjcifajymzdkY arwm&yfcHcsifygw,f ... }}
ykusufonf wtHhwMojzifh olYorD;&DvifbufodkYvSnfh ar;vdkuf\/
]]orD; ... eifhvlu b,fvdkvJ[ ... }}
&DvifrSm &SufvGef;vSojzifh olr\rsufESmuav;udk vuf0g;jzifhtkyfum atmfaeawmh\/
]]taz ... bmawGavQmufajymaejyefwmvJ ... olu olyJ ... uRefru uRefryJ ... bmqdkifvdkYvJ ... }}
&Dvifonf pum;ajym&if; MuLMuLygatmifidkum awmifatmufokdY qif;ajy;oGm;awmh\/ ykusufurl
olYorD;\pdwfoabmxm;udk em;rvnfEdkifatmifjzpfaeNyD; wtHhwMoajymvdkufonf/
]][ ... xl;qef;vScsnfvm; ... 'DaumifhudkrawGYcifwkef;uawmh awGYcsifvdkufwm aorvdkbJ ... awGYNyD;awmh
vnf; rawGYcsifjyefbl;wJh ... b,fvdkvJ[ ... 'Daumifrav;u olYtarvdkygyJvm; ... }}
ajym&if; olYorD;&DvifaemufodkY ajy;vdkufoGm;awmh\/ xifaygrSmvnf; ae&mqufaevQif olYtwGuf
tE&m,fruif;onfudk od&Sdojzifh ykusufaemufrS ajy;vdkufoGm;onf/
&ufykcRefonf xifaygta0; aysmufuG,foGm;rS ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;u [dkvlqdk;vl,kwfrmudk wu,fyJ opmapmifhodaewmudk; ... rif;u udk,fhudk,fawmh
"m;xdk;cHw,f ... [kdaumifhudkawmh rowf&ufbl; ... awmfawmfhudkaumif;aeNyD ... }} [k ajymvdkufaomtcg
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rajymEkdifawmhbJ rsufESmeDeDjzifh acgif;iHkYNidrfaerdawmhonf/
olYq&m tvGerf sufpd&Sifonfudk olodojzifh rnfokdYrQ apm'urwuf&JbJ jzpfaeawmh\/
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu vuf0g;jzefY ...
]]pmtkyfaum}} [k ar;um ol\rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk jyefawmif;vdkuf\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm ol\q&m
ESifh nDrav;vdefvdefwdkY jyefvSnfhvmonfudk awGY&uwnf;u pmtkyfudk jyefvm,ljcif;jzpfaMumif; &dyfrdNyD;
jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]pmtkyfu nDav;vkdkqDrSm xm;ypfcJhygw,f ... nDrav;u uRefawmfh'Pf&mawGukEdkifzdkY 'Dpmtkyf,lvmay;
wmyg ... nDrav;udk tjypfr,lygeJYq&m ... uRefawmfhaMumifh olvmwmqdkawmh uRefawmfuw&m;cHyg ...
'gayr,fh q&mhtrdefYr&bJ 'Dynmudk roif&Jygbl;q&m ... }}
&ufykcRef\rsufESmonf aysmhajymif;oGm;NyD; NyHK; ...
]]at; ... rSefw,f ... 'Dtwdkif;yJjzpf&rSmaygh ... igu 'Dynmudk rif;udk roifay;csifvdkYr[kwfbl; vifh[lcsHK;
... tckqdk igwdkY*dkPf;rSm tE&m,fawG 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaew,f ... 'DvdktcsdefrsdK;rSm igu oifjyay;raeEdkifbl; ... rif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
388
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
udk,fwkdif rif;bmomavhusifh&ifvnf; rif;rSm;NyD; 'kua&mufoGm;Ekdifw,f ... tJ'gudk rif;em;vnfxm;ayawmh}}

[k at;at;oufom &Sif;jyawmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf qufar;vkdufonf/
]]tck rif;&Jh'Pf&muaum b,fvkdjzpfaeovJ ... }}
]]tck uRefawmfhudk,fxJu ylvdkufat;vdkufjzpfaewJha0'emawmh r&Sdawmhygbl; ... 'gayr,fh uRefawmfh
twGif;tm;udkawmh xkwfvdkYr&ao;bl; ... }}
]]'guawmh rif;'Pf&mu tckrSaysmufumpqkdawmh tm;enf;aeao;wmaygh ... b,ftm;xkwfvdkY&EkdifOD;rvJ
... wjznf;jznf;awmh &vmrSmaygh ... }}
&ufykcReftaejzifh 0gqef;awmif MumMumraecsifay/ olYpdwfxJ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufESifh jyefawGU&
rnfudk pdk;&GHUaerd\/
,ckjyefvm&jcif;rSmvnf; rkd;BudK;twGif;tm;pmtkyfaMumifh jyefvm&jcif;jzpf\/ xdktcsufaMumifhr[kwfygu
vHk;0jyefvmvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
xdkYaMumifh olu vifh[lcsHK;tm; ...
]]uJ ... vifh[lcsHK; ... rif; igwkdYeJY aumif;qef;awmifudkvkdufcJhayawmh ... rif; c&D;&SnfoGm;Ekdifyghrvm;}} [k
ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGef0rf;omtm;& jzpfomG ;awmh\/
]][m ... q&m ... uRefawmfoGm;Edkifygw,f ... tckqdk awmfawmfoufomaeygNyD ... }}
odkYtm;jzifh olwdkYoHk;a,mufonf rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudkjyef,lEdkif&ef vkdktm;xm;ypfco
Jh nfh
tcef;twGif;okdY jyefavQmufvmMuonf/
vdefvdefu a&S;OD;pGm tcef;wGif;odkYajy;0ifoGm;awmh\/ rMumrDyif olr\ aMumufvefYwMum; pl;pl;0g;0g;
atmfvdkufoHudk Mum;vkduf&awmh\/ &ufykcRefESifh vifh[lcsHK;wkdYrSmvnf; csufcsif;yifvdkuf0ifoGm;Muonf/
twGif;buftcef;wGif vkdkrSm ckwifay: awmifhawmifhwif;wif; vJavsmif;aeonfudk awGYvdkufMu&awmh
onf/ vifh[lcsHK;u wpfcsufrQ &,fvdkufNyD; ...
]]nDrav; ... aMumufraeygeJY ... igudk vkdkudk taMumxdk;ydwfxm;cJhwmyg}} [k ajymvdkuf\/
]]uRefrjzifh vefYoGm;wmyJ ... tpfudkBuD;u bmjzpfvdkY vkdktaMumudk xdk;ydwfvkduf&wmvJ ... }}
]]rydwfvdkYb,fjzpfrSmvJ nDrav;&Jh ... vkdku apwemeJY ighudk 'Drdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfxJupmawGudk
twif;zwfjyaew,f ... rzwfjyygeJYvdkYvnf; ajymvdkYr&bl; ... aemufqHk; igvnf; rwwfEdkifawmhwmeJY
olYtaMumudk xdk;ydwfvdkuf&wmaygh ... }}
xdkpOf&ufykcRefu vkdk\&if0odkY oGm;a&mufprf;oyfMunfhaeavNyD/ csufcsif;vdkvdkyif ][if} ceJjzpfoGm;NyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... vkdkbmjzpfvdkYao&wmvJ ... rif;u olY&Jhb,ftaMumudk xdk;vdkufovJ}} [k wtHhwMo
ar;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vkdkaoNyD[k Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vdyfjymvGifhpOfxGufoGm;rwwf xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;\/
ol\cEmud,
k frSmvnf; ,drf;xdk;oGm;um arhvJusrwwfjzpfoGm;&awmhonf/
olu wkef,ifaomavoHjzifh ...
]]uRefawmf ... uRefawmf ... }}
pum;yifqHk;atmif rajymEkdifawmhacs/ vkdk\rsufESmudk oGm;a&mufudkifMunfhvdkufaomtcg at;pufae
onfudk awGYvdkuf&onfESifh csHK;yJGcsidka<u;awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
389
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nD ... nDav;vkdk aoNyD ... wu,faoNyD ... }}

&ufykcRefu ...
]]pmtkyfu b,frSmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rsuf&nfrsm;aMumifh oDa0aeaomrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh pmtkyfwifxm;onfh cHkay:odkYvSrf;Munfhvkduf
\/
olxm;cJhonfhcHkay:wGif rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk rawGY&awmhacs/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm wkefvIyfoGm;NyD; csufcsif;yif vkdk\udk,ftESHUtjym; &SmazGMunfhvkduf\/ okdYaomf
pmtkyfESifhwlaomt&m wpfckwavrQyif rawGY&awmhacs/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]q&m uRefawmfu vkdk&JhtaMumudk xdk;ydwfvdkufNyD; pmtkyfukd pm;yJGay:rSmwifcJhygw,fq&m ... tck ...
tck rawGY&awmhbl; ... }}
vdefvdefuvnf; ae&mtESHYtjym;vdkufv&H SmazGavawmh\/ olrvnf; &SmazG rawGYacs/
rdk;BudK;twGi;f tm;odkif;ynmrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;\ xdyfwef;vQdKU0Sufodkif;ynmwpf&yfjzpf\/
uJhodkY ta&;BuD;vSaomodkif;ynmpmtkyf aysmufqHk;aeonf[k od&aomtcg &ufykcRefrSm rwkefvIyfbJ
raeEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;&\/
&ufykcRefonf vkdk\tavmif;udk aocsmpGm xyfrHppfaq;vkdufonf/ 'Pf&mvHk;0rawGY&/
teD;tem; oJvGefp&SmazGMunfah omfvnf; wpfpHkwpfa,mufa&muf&SdcJhonfhtcsif;t&m wpfpHkwpfckrQ rawGY
&acs/ ol\pdwfxJ ...
]]'Dae&mudktjyifvlrvmbl; ... [kdtHhzG,fajcmufa,muf&Jh ajc&mvuf&mawGvnf; rawGY&bl; ... ykusuf
bkef;BuD;uvnf; awmifay:uqif;ajy;oGm;wmyJ ... olvnf; rjzpfEkdifbl;? 'Dawmh ... }} [k awG;vdkufrdonfESifh
cufxef pGmjzifh atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif; vkdk&Jh b,ftaMumudk xdk;vdkufwmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm 'll;axmufxdkifcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]q ... q&m uRefawmftJ'w
D kef;u 'Pf&mtjyif;txefcHpm;ae&vdkY tm;odyfr&SdcJhygbl; ... uRefawmfu olY
&ifbwfu wefusHK;taMumudk xkd;vdkufwmyg ... uRefawmfxdk;NyD;awmh olpum;awmifajymEkdifygao;w,f ...
tckawmh ...ol ... ol ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf kwfw&uf ol\"m;udkqJGxkwfvkdufNyD; ol\vnfyif;udk vSD;jzwfvdkufawmh\/ okdYaomf
&ufykcRefu olx
Y ufvsifjrefonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\"m;udk dkufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]aor,fqkd&ifvnf; ighpmtkyfudkt&if&mS OD; ... rif;u 'Dpmtkyfudk b,frSmzGufxm;vdkufovJ}} [k wif;rm
aomrsufESmxm;jzifh ar;vdkufawmh\/
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;\wudk,fvHk; at;pufawmifhwif;oGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif
...
]]q&muawmif ighudkr,Hkawmhygbl; ... igu olY&JUrdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odki;f pmtkyfudk zGufxm;NyDvdkYxifae
ygvm; ... }}
xdktawG;aMumifh vifh[lcsHK;crsm tvGefpdwfxdckdufoGm;awmh\/ kwfw&uf pum;yifrajymEdkifawmhacs/
twefMumrS aMuuJGpGmjzifh ajymvkdufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
390
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&m ... 'Dpmtkyfudk vlcdk;cH&wm aocsmaeygNyD ... uRefawmf 'Dpmtkyfukd rawGYawGYatmif jyef&Smay;yghr,f
... q&m? 'Dpmtkyfudk uRefawmf b,frSmrS rzGuf&Jygbl;q&m&,f ... }}
&ufykcRefrSm tvGefpdwfIyfoGm;NyD; ...
]]wu,fvdkY olrsm;u 'Dpmtkyfudk,lNyD; ul;xm;vdkuf&if 'grSr[kwf tvGwfusufxm;vdkuf&if igwdkYtaeeJY 'D
pmtkyfjyef&awmhvnf; bmvkyfawmhrSmvJ ... igwkdY&Jhxdyfwef;vQdKU0Sufodkif;ynmu olrsm;vufxJa&mufoGm;NyDyJ}}
[k ajymae&mrS olYavoHonf csufcsif; El;nHhaysmhaysmif;oGm;NyD; vifh[lcsHK;tm; xyfajymvdkufjyefonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif; 'Dpmtkyfudk wu,f,lxm;w,fqkd&if jyefxkwfay;vdkufyg ... igu rif;udk tjypfr,lyg
bl; ... tm;vHk; cGifhvTwfrSmyg ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\ESvHk;om;rSm; uJGaMurwwfjzpfoGm;\/
rdrdtm; q&mu twwfpGyfpJGaeacsNyD/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm vkdk\tavmif;udk ai;Munfhae&mrS w[m;[m;jzifh
[m; wdkuf&,farmrdawmhonf/ tm;&yg;&&,fNyD;rS ...
]]q&m ... uRefawmfawmh bmrS rajymwwfawmhygbl;q&m ... q&mhtaeeJY 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudk uRefawmfcdk;oGm;
w,fvdkYxif&if uRefawmfhudk 'Dae&mrSmyJ csufcsif;owfvdkufygawmhq&m? uRefawmfao&Jygw,f ... }} [k
aMuuJG0rf;enf;pGm ajymvdkufrdawmhonf/
&ufykcRefuvnf; acgif;udk jznf;Sif;pGm cg,rf;&if; ...
]]uJ ... rif;r,lbl;qdkvnf; NyD;wmygyJ ... *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkawGxJrSm rif;u vkdkudk tcifrifqHk;qdkwmvnf;
igodygw,f? rif; olYudk wrifoufoufowfwmawmh vHk;0rjzpfEkdifbl; ... tif; ... 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudk b,folrsm;
vmcdk;oGm;ygvdrfh}} [k awG;awm&if; jywif;aygufrS tjyifodkY ai;armaerdawmhonf/
vdefvdefuvnf; rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh ...
]]taz ... 'gorD;&Jhtjypfyg ... tckawmh tpfudkBuD;vnf; 'Dpmtkyfukrd Munfh& ... tpfudkvkdkvnf; Mum;xJu
oufouftaocH&eJY 'DrD;udkorD;arT;wmyg ... orD;tjypfyg ... taz orD;tjypfyg ... }} [k 0rf;yef;wenf;ikd&if;
ajym&Smonf/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]uJ ... aocsmoGm;atmif igwkdY xyf&SmvdkufMu&atmif}}
oHk;a,mufpvHk; tcef;wGif;tcef;jyif aocsmaphpyfpGm vdkufvH&SmazGMuonf/ odkYaomf odkif;pmtkyf\ t&dyf
ta,mifrQyif rawGYMu&acs/ aemufqHk; rnfokdYrQ &SmazGrawGYonfhtqHk;wGif &ufykcRefu
]]'Dudpudk igwkdY zHk;zdxm;Mu&r,f ... rif;&Jhq&mruvJGvdkY b,folrSrodapeJY ... igwkdY tck vkdktavmif;udk
ajrjrKyfNyD;wmeJY awmifatmufudkqif;Mur,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vkdkudkjrKyf&if; rsuf&nfrsm;pD;usvmum ol\pdwfxJ emMunf;pGm awG;awmaerdawmhonf/
]]vkdk[m ighudktcspfqHk;? ightay:rSmvnf; tifrweftEGHtwmcHw,f? tckawmh ightwGufeJY olYcrsm
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
391
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bk&m;ausmif;BuD;rSm a[mif;EGrf;vSNyDjzpf rdk;&GmonfqkdonfESifh rdk;pufrdk;aygufrsm; ,dkusvmawmhonf/
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aom rdk;pufrdk;aygufrsm;udk t"dym,fr&Sd ai;armaerdonf/
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ig aemufqkwfay;vdkufwm[m taumif;qHk;jzpfrSmygyJ}} [k awG;vdkurf d&Smonf/
vifh[lcsHK;crsm OD;aESmufrStodPfjzifh vdefvdef\b0 aysmf&Tifaumif;pm;a&;twGuf ol tepfemcH&ef
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ol\ESvHk;om;udk "m;xufxufjzifh xdk;arTaeouJhodkY cHpm;ae&&Smawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
392
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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aomua0'emrsm;onf vifh[lcsHK;omr[kwfbJ tjcm;wpfa,mufomqdkygu aoaomfvnf;aooGm;rnf?
l;aomfvnf; l;oGm;&rnf r[kwfygvm;/
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vifh[lcsHK; cefYrSef;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm &ifwxdwfxdwfjzpfoGm;awmh\/
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]]tm;vHk; NidrNf idrfaeMu ... }}
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tjyKtrljzpfNyD; &efoloabmaqmifaeaMumif; tjyKtrlt&yif od&SdEkdifvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf rD;a&mif olYrsufESm pl;aeaomfvnf;tarSmifxJodYk tm;pdkufMunfhvdkufonf/ xdktcg xdkol
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xdk&,foHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg xdkvltm;vHk; yxrwef;odkif;orm;rsm;rSef; odvkduf&\/ xkdYaMumifh
vifh[lcsHK;\&ifxJ xdwfceJjzpfoGm;awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
393
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bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudk tdyfrufxJawmif xnfhrufrSmr[kwfygbl; ... 'gaMumifh igwkdUvdk odkif;avmurSm vHk;0
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yefygw,f ... }}
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ydkaumif;aMumif;odomayonf/
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rkefwkdif;BuD;wpfck usa&mufaeouJhodkY w[l;[l;xum uarmufur uajymif;ujyef jzpfae&awmhonf/
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&ufykcRefonf pum;udk rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;udkxkwf ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ ab;em;rS em;axmifolrsm;
tzdkY xl;qef;onf[k rxif&aomfvnf; vlaygif;q,fhig;a,muf\ &,foHMum;wGifrl vlwdkif;vlwdkif; xif&Sm;
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pum;ajymoHuJhodkY &Sif;vif;yDopGm Mum;ae&jcif;jzpfNyD; atmf[pfajymqdkonfhtoHrsdK; vHk;0r[kwfjcif;yifjzpf\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
394
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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aom twGif;tm;vdIif;ajcmufckudk zdESdyfxm;vdkufjyefonf/
xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsHK;rSm aumif;pGmoabmaygufawmhonf/ bkef;BuD;a,mif ]ykusuf} u ol\twGif;tm;
jzifh ukoay;cJh&m tjyifyef;tm;jzifhMunfhvQif aysmufuif;NyD[kxif&aomfvnf; wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh rdrd\udk,f
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xdktwGif;tm;ESpfckonf tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ twGif;tm;vdIif;ajcmufckudk zdxm;onf/
xdktcg vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY vHk;0tm;rxkwfawmhacs/ ol tm;xkwfvdkufonfESifh twGif;tm;tkyfpkESpfckudk
rxdef;odrf;EdkifawmhbJ uarmufur jzpfvm&awmhonf/
xdktcsufudk oabmaygufoGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsHK;onf quftm;rxkwfawmhbJ NidrfNidrfoufouf aevdkuf
awmh\/
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vifh[lcsHK;rSm rsuf&nfusvmNyD; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
395
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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xdkpOf zl;vifrSm ajcaxmufwGif 'Pf&mwpfcsuf&vdkufNyD; rMumrDyif taMumxdk;ydwfcHvdkuf&um tzrf;
tqD;cHvdkuf&awmh\/
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tqD;cHvdkuf&awmhonf/
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xdkYaemuf olwdkYq,fhig;a,mufpvHk; &ufykcRefudk 0kdif;xm;vdkuMf uawmh\/
&Spfa,mufu &ufykcRefudkwkdufckdufNyD; usefckepfa,mufu rD;tdrfrStvif;a&mifwef;udk &ufykcRef\
rsufESmay:usatmif jyKvkyfxm;Muonf/
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xdkYaMumifh olY"m;jzifh wpfudk,fvHk;udk vSnfhywfumuG,fxm;&m &efolrsm;uvnf; &ufykcRefudk tEdkifr,lEdkif
atmif jzpfaeawmhonf/
xdkpOf rsufESmzHk;pGyfwpfa,mufu atmfvkdufonf/
]]&ufykcRef ... cifAsm; vufeufrcsbl;vm; ... }}
]]a[h ... igu taoomcHr,f ... b,fawmhrS vufeufrcsbl; ... }}
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rsufESm vdarmfa&miforf;vmawmh\/
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ol\"m;wGif rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif; tjynfht0yg&Sdaeojzifh "m;rSm tvGefw&mjrefqefvSNyD; xdkvl\
vufarmif;udk ckwfcsvdkufawmh\/
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&ufykcRefonf wpfqufwnf;yif aemufvlwpfa,muf\aygifudk xdk;vdkufEdkifonf/ xdkvlu wpfcsuf
qJvdkufNyD; csufcsif; aemufodkYqkwfoGm;awmhonf/
xdktcdkuf oHvHk;ysHwpfck ysH0ifvmNyD; &ufykcRef\aemufausmodkY xdckdufoGm;awmhonf/
&ufykcRefrSm ]a0gh} ceJ aoG;wpfcsuf tefcsvdkuf&awmhonf/ xdktcg &efoltm;vHk; 0rf;yef;wom
atmf[pfa<u;aMumfMuawmh\/
]]a[h ... 'DaumifBuD; twGif;'Pf&m &oGm;NyDuG}}
&ufykcRefonf xdkolwdkY\pum;oHESifh av,lavodrf;udk em;axmifMunfhaomtcg wpfe,fwpf&yfxJrS
vlrsm;r[kwfbJ e,faygif;pHkrS vlaygif;pHkjzpfaeaMumif; owdjyKvdkufrdawmhonf/
xdkYjyif olwdkY\okdif;ynmuvnf; trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzkH ynmpHkaeaMumif; awGYae&ojzifh *dkPf;tzJGYwpfckxJrS
r[kwfaMumif; aocsmoGm;onf/
]]b,fuvlawGvJ ... bmaMumifh 0gqefk;*dkPf;udk vm&efjyK&wmvJ ... wu,fyJ bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyu
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vdkcsifvdkYvm;? bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk taMumif;jyNyD; igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;udk acsrIef;csifMuvdkYyJvm; ... }}
tawG;rsm;udkawG;aeqJ ol\vufrsm;uvnf; &yfqdkif;aeonfr[kwfacs/
&efolrsm;udk tqufrjywf wkdufcdkufumuG,fqJyif/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
396
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q,fuGufausmfaomtcgwGif aemufxyf&efolwpfa,muf xyfrH'Pf&m&oGm;ojzifh aemufwpfa,mufu

tpm;xdk;0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufvmjyefonf/
xdkodkY aemufxyf0ifvmolwGif udkifxm;onfhvufeufrSm acG;oGm;pdwfrsm;ygaom "m;rBuD;yifjzpf\/
xdkolu ol\"m;rBuD;jzifh &ufykcRef\"m;udk csdwfxkwfypf&ef BudK;pm;aeonf/
okdYaomf &ufykcRef\ rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;rSm tpGrf;ukefxkwfxm;jcif;jzpfojzifh aMumufrufzG,f&m tvGefw&m
jyif;xefaeonf/
tqufrjywfwdkufcdkufae&if;rS &ufykcRefonf b,fbufvuf0g;jzifh kwfw&uf dkufcsvdkuf&m acG;oGm;pdwf
"m;ydkif&Sif\ eHdk;ESpfacsmif;usdK;oGm;awmh\/
odkYaomf xdkvlonf tvGefowd&SdNyD; cHEkdif&nf&Sdolwpfa,mufjzpfonf/
eHdk;usdK;oGm;onfESifh csufcsif;yif Murf;ay:odkYvSdrfhcsvdkufNyD; &ufykcRef\ajcaxmufESpfzufudk twif;yif 0if
zufawmh\/
&ufykcRefrSm tay:rS"m;rsm;udk tmHkpdkufwkdufcdkufae&ojzifh rarQmfvifhbJ atmufrSajcaxmufudk tzufcH
vdkuf&aomtcg kwfw&ufxdwfvefYoGm;\/
ol\"m;jzifh xdkol\aemufausmudk ckwfcsvdkufonf/
okdYaomf tjcm;0kdif;0ef;wdkufcdkufaeolrsm;xJrS "m;ESpfacsmif;xGufvmNyD; &ufykcRef\"m;udk umvdkuf\/
xdktcg rnfrQyiftwGif;tm;odkif;aumif;aomfvnf; &ufykcRefrSm udk,f[efrxdef;EdkifawmhbJ ajrBuD;ay:okdY
vJusoGm;awmh\/
rsufpdwpfrSdwfvQyfwpfjyuftwGif; vufeufrsdK;pHku &ufykcRef\ ta&;BuD;aom cEmudk,ftpdwftydkif;wkdYodkY
xdk;csdefxm;vdkufMuonf/
&ufykcRefonf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvdu
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xdktcg rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlrsm;u ol\taMumudkxdk;ydwfvdkufNyD; rwfwwf&yfEkdif&ef qJGxlray;vdkufonf/
&efolrsm;xJrS wpfa,mufu ...
]]opm&Sif"m;orm; &ufykcRefu wu,fyJ odkif;ynmaumif;wmudk; ... q,fhig;a,mufeJYwpfa,mufwkdufwm
awmif usKyfwkdYbufu ig;a,muf'Pf&m&oGm;ao;w,f ... csD;usL;ygw,fAsm ... csD;usL;ygw,f ... 'gayr,fh
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q,fhig;a,mufavmufawmif&Sdwm? cifAsm;wkdYbufu vlESpfq,favmuf&Sdaew,f ... usKyfwkdYu trsm;eJY tEkdif
usifhwm r[kwfwmawmh cifAsm;todygaemf ... }}
xdktcg usefq,fhav;a,mufwdkYonf oa&mf&,f&,fvkdufMuawmh\/
xdkvlu quf ...
]]&ufykcRef ... usKyfwdkYu cifAsm;eJY bm&efNidK;rSvJr&Sdbl; ... usKyfwdkYtaeeJY cifAsm;wdkYeJY taotaMuwkdufzdkY
&nf&G,fcsufr&Sdbl; ... usKyfwdkYvdkcsifwm wpfckyJ&Sdw,f ... bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;pmtkyfudkyMJ unfhcsifw,f ... 'D
pmtkyf[m cifAsm;wdkY0gqef;*dkPf;uypn;f r[kwfygbl; ...cifAsm;u enf;trsdK;rsdK;? y&d,m,ftrsdK;rsdK;eJY vifrdef
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okdif;avmuom;awG vHk;0rauseyfMubl; ... 'gaMumifh cifAsm;&xm;wJhodkif;pmtkyfudk tckcsufcsif;xkwfay;yg}}
[k wif;wif;rmrm ajymawmh\/
olwdkY wif;wif;rmrmajymonfu &ufykcRef\a'goESifhpmvdkufygu rjzpfavmufaom tao;tzJGuav;
jzpfoGm;avonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
397
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]bmajymw,fuG ... rif;wkdYighudk owfcsif&ifowfvdkuf ... ighvdkvlrsdK;udk 'Dvdkrapmfum;eJYuG ... igb,fvdkvl

qkdwm okdif;avmu uvlawG aumif;aumif;odw,f ... }}
xdkvlu w[m;[m;atmf&,f&if; ...
]]cifAsm;&Jhemrnfudk rapmfum;eJY[kwfvm; ... aumif;NyD? cifAsm;udkusKyfwkdYrapmfum;awmhbl; ... 'gayr,fh
cifAsm;&JhZeD;eJY wynfhruav;awGtm;vHk;uawmh tifrwefkyf&nfacsmarmMuwmyJ ... 'Dawmh usKyfwdkYtzJGYu
vlawG wpfa,mufpDa0pkcJGNyD; r,m;i,fvkyfcdkif;vdkufrSmyJ ... b,fhES,fvJ raumif;bl;vm; ... 'Dowif;om
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yufyufpufpufajymvmawmhonf/
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&Sdovm; ... r&Sdovm; &SmMunfhMuav}}
]]usKyfwdkYr&Smcsifygbl;Asm? cifAsm;udk,fwkdifxkwfay;wmyJ aumif;ygw,f? wpfa,mufcsif;&SmwJhtcg cifAsm;&Jh
ZeD;eJY wynfhrawGqDrSm&Smawmh b,faumif;awmhrvJ ... r[kwfbl;vm;}}
xdktcg vifrdefusufu 0ifatmfonf/
]]usKyfwdkYtmrcHXmerSm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfqdkwm vHk;0r&Sdb;l As? ,Hkcsif,Hk r,Hkcsifae? usKyfu trSef
twdkif;ajymwmyJ ... cifAsm;taeeJY rauseyf&if usKyfudkyg owfypfEkdifw,f}}
xdkvlu &,farm&if; ...
]]'Daumifav;u owdawmh&Sdw,f ... rif;&Jhq&mu emrnfuom opm&Sif"m;orm;uG ... vluawmh
vl,kwfrmyg ... 'Dvl,kwfrmqDrSmwynfhcHwmxuf ighqDrSmwynfhcHwmu rif;twGufydkaumif;rSmyg ... b,fhES,f
vJ ... ighqDrmS wynfhcHrvm;}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
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]]usKyfu 0gqef;*dkPf;om;As ... q&mBuD;&ufykcRef&Jh wynfhjzpf&wmudk usKyf*kPf,lw,f ... cifAsm;wdkYvdk
vlqdk; olcdk;awGqDrSm wynfhcHyghrvm; ... }}
xdkpOf vefzm;uvnf; 0if ...
]][kwfw,f ... usKyfwdkYvkd 0gqef;*dkPf;om;u cifAsm;wdkYvdk vlq;dk olcdk; ... }}
olYpum;rqHk;rDyif rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlwpfa,mufu wpfcsufatmf[pf&if; vefzm;\OD;acgif;udk "m;jzifhckwfcs
vdkufawmh\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkvlurl vefzm;udkckwfowfNyD;onfESifh w[m;[m; atmf&,f&if; zl;vif&Sd&modkY wpfvSrf;csif; avQmufoGm;
awmhonf/
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xdkpOf vdefvdefu pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvkdufawmhonf/
]]uRefr tarudk rxdeJY ... }}
atmfNyD;onfESifh vdefvdefcrsm arhajrmvJusoGm;awmh\/
zl;vifrSm rdef;uav;jzpfaomfvnf; ckwfxpfowfjzwfcH&jcif;udk auseyfonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf csufcsif;aooGm;ygu ,kwfrmdkif;pdkif;aom apmfum;rIab;tE&m,frS vGwfuif;oGm;
rnf jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
398
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYaMumifh olru OD;acgif;udkarmh &J0HhpGm atmfqJvkdufawmhonf/

]]vl,kwfrmawG acG;rsdK;awG? owdvnf;r&Sdbl;? owd&Sd&if wpfcsufwnf;eJY ckwfowfvdkufygvm; ... }}
xkdpOf tjyifbufrS jrif;cGmoHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ zl;viftm;owf&ef [efwjyifjyifvkyfaeaomolu
olY vlwpfa,muftm; trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]a[h ... tjyifu b,folawGvnf;rodbl; ... oGm;Munfhprf; ... }}
xdktcg rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlESpfa,muf ajy;xGufoGm;Muawmh\/
aemufrSMum;vdkuf&aom jrif;cGmoH&Sifrsm;onf bk&m;ausmif;0if;xJokdY a&muf&SdaeMuayNyD/ olwdkYxJrS
wpfa,mufu
]]0gqef;*dkPf;uygvm; ... [if ... aemifBuD;&ufykcRefu 'DrSmygvm; ... }}
&ufykcRefonf xdkpum;ajymoludk vSrf;Munfhvdkufaomtcg rsufESmeDjref;oGm;awmh\/ reDvQif tb,frSm
cHEdkifrnfenf;/
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a&muf&Sdvmonfh aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&mBuD;csef&if; jzpfaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ olYab;wGif&yfaeolrSm
0gqef;*dkPf;rS ESifxkwfcHxm;&aom ]"m;odkif;tzJo
GY m;} zkef;ykrdef jzpfae\/
xdkYjyif xdkaeYu 0gqef;awmifokdYvkdufygcJhMuonfh xdkufqef;*dkPf;? [efqef;*dkPf;ESifh csHK;qef;*dkPf;rsm;\
udk,fpm;vS,f odkif;orm;rsm;onfvnf; ,ckjyefvmMuonf/
okdYaomf wpfBudrfwGif vlydkrsm;ae\/ xdkpOf aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS csef&if;u ...
]]aemifBuD;&ufykcRef ... [kdaeYu cifAsm;u r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyf&JhtvHudk rav;rpm;vkyfvdkY r[mrdwftzJGYcsKyf
acgif;aqmif&Jhom;BuD;udk tzJGYcsKyftvHay;NyD; wpfcgapcdkif;vdkufjyefNyD ... usKyfwdkYu 0gqef;awmifay:wufMu
rvdkYyJ ... tck rarQmfvifhbJ cifAsm;wdkYeJYawGYvkduf&awmh [efusoGm;wmaygh ... }}
&ufykcRefonf BuD;rm;awmifhwif;vSonfh jrif;jzLBuD;ay:wGif tcefYom;xdkifaeonfhvlwpfa,mufudk
apmif;iJh Munfhvdkuf\/
toufrSm oHk;q,fausmfcefYom&SdayOD;rnf/ olu rdrdtm; at;pufrmausmaom tMunfhESifhMunfhaeNyD;
acgif;wpfcsufndwfjyonf/
ol\trlt&mum; vGefpGmarmufrmvSacs\/
a&S;OD;pGm a&muf&dSaeonfhrsufESmzHk;pGyfvlwpfa,mufu taqmwvsifx EIwfqufpum; ajymvdkufonf/
]]vufpowfawmh aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Jhom;BuD; ygvmwmudk; ... awGY&wm0rf;omygw,f ... a[m'D
uaemifBuD;uawmh aumif;qef;*dkPf;&Jh xdyfoD;odkif;orm; csef&if;xifw,f ... }}
csef&if;u auseyftm;&aomavoHjzifh ...
]][kwfw,f ... usKyf csef&if;ygyJ ... aemifBuD;u b,folrsm;ygvJ}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
xdk rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlu ...
]]usKyfwkdYu odkif;avmurSm emrnfvHk;0r&Sdao;wJhvlawGyg ... usKyfwkdYemrnfajymjyvdkYvnf; cifAsm;wdkY
Mum;zl;rSmr[kwyf gbl; ... tck aemifBuD;wdkY&SdaewJhtcsdefrSm tifrwefta&;BuD;wJh udpwpfckudk wifjycsifygw,f
... aemif BuD;wdkYtaeeJY 'Dudpudk rQrQww ajz&Sif;ay;apcsifygw,f ... }}
csef&if;u ...
]]ajymyg ... bmudpvJ ... t&ifqHk;em;axmifMunfhMuwmaygh ... }}
xdkvlu ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
399
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Du q&mBuD;&ufykcRefu odkif;avmurSm opm&Sif"m;orm;vdkY emrnfwpfvHk;&xm;ayr,fh wu,fawmh 'D

emrnfeJY oleJY rwefygbl; ... 'Dvl[m ajracG;wpfaumifvdk tifrwefaumufuspfpOf;vJwJhvlygyJ ... zkusdK;NrdKUu
r*FvmtmrcHXme tzsufqD;cH&wJhowif; cifAsm;wdkYtm;vHk; Mum;Muvdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmfxifw,f ... }}
csef&if;u ...
]][kwfygw,f ... 'Dudpu odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; odaewJhudpyJ ... 'gu qD;csef;e,fu csif;csef*dkPf;&Jh
vufcsufyJ ... }}
xdkrsufESmzHk;pGyfvlu acgif;ndwfjyNyD; ...
]]odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; odaeMuwmuawmh tJ'D tay:,HaMumudpuav;yJodMuwmyJ ... tJ'D tmrcHXme
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Xmeu acgif;aqmifvifr,m; aoqHk;&wmvJ ... tJ'DpmtkyftwGufygyJ ... }}
csef&if;u 0ifaxmufay;onf/
]]'Dawmh ... }}
xdkvlu ...
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NyD; olYwynfhcHckdif;w,f ... 'Dawmh tifrwefta&;BuD;wJh 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;u olwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;udk a&mufoGm;NyD
aygh ... }}
csef&if;u ...
]]0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh"m;odkif;u odkif;avmurSm emrnfBuD;aewmyg ... olwdkYtaeeJY olwdkY"m;odkif; emrnftysufcH
NyD; wjcm;"m;odkif;udkvdkcsifw,fqdkwm jzpfEkdifyghrvm; ... }}
xdkrsufESmzHk;pGyfvlu &,f ...
]]aemifBuD;wdYu
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udkodaew,f ... 'Dawmh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk r&ruvdkcsifaewmaygh ... }}
csef&if;u acgif;wqwfqwfndwfNyD; ...
]][kwfw,f ... cifAsm;&Jh usdK;aMumif;jypum;awGu jzpfEikd favmufw,f}} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
xdkrsufESmzHk;pGyfvlu ...
]]'DaeY aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&Jh om;BuD;udk,fwkdifa&mufvmw,fqdkawmh usKyfwkdYtwGuf tcsdefoifh
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oifhw,fqdkwm qHk;jzwfay;yg ... usKyfwdkYuawmh aemifBuD;wdkY&Jhpum;udk vufcHzdkYtoifhygyJ ... }}
xdktcg aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;\om; ]usdaz;&if;} u
]]0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfae&mudk q&mBuD;zkef;ykrdefudk vTJtyfzdkYoifhw,fvdkY usKyf&Jhtazuajymvdkufw,f ... tck
'DuaemifBuD;ajympum;t& GufykcRefu PfeDPfeufawGoHk;NyD; rtyfoifhrtyf&mawGudk BuHpnfcJhao;w,f
qdkawmh bmrSajymp&mrvdkawmhbl; ... uJ ... q&mBuD;zkef;ykrdeu
f dk,fwdkifyJ 'Dudpudk ajz&Sif;vdkufyg ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
400
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ukokdvfuH tvSnfhroifhonfhtckdufwGif Murmqdk;0ifNyDqdkygu aMumufrufzG,fqdk;0g;pGm 'kutaxGaxGESifh

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vGwfajrmufa&;arQmfvifhcsufum; a0;onfxuf a0;oGm;cJh&acsNyD/ Murmqdk;onf taygif;tazmfac: vmwwf
acsonfwum;/
usdaz;&if;\pum;udk olESifhvdkufygvmol vltm;vHk;u acgif;wndwfndwf vufdI;waxmifaxmifjzifh
axmufcHvdkufMuonf/
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]]aemifBuD;wdYu
k usKyfudk ckvdkcsD;jrifh tcGifhta&;ay;wJhtwGuf twdkif;rodaus;Zl;wifwJhtaMumif; usKyf
ajymyg&ap? &ufykcRef 0gqef;*dkPf;udk tkyfcsKyfvdkufwJhtcsdefupNyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;[m wpfaeYwpfjcm; ysufpD;
qkwf,kwfvmcJw
h myJ ... 'Dawmh usKyfu usKyfwkdY0gqef;*dkPf;&Jhpnf;rsOf;t& olwdkYudk csufcsif;tjypfay;vdkuf
yghr,f ... uJ ... nDav;aygifykcsd [dkopmazmuf &ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;udk owfvdkufayawmh}} [k trdefYay;vdkuf
awmh\/
xdktcg toufig;q,fcefY&Sdvlwpfa,muf avQmufxGufvmawmh\/ zkef;ykrdef\ *dkPf;wlnD aygifykcsd
yifjzpfawmhonf/
olonf "m;udkqJG &ufykcRefwdkY vifr,m;xHodkY avQmufvmcJhavNyD/ r&Paorif;\ aumif;csD;ay;oH
aomif; aomif;nH ayawmhrnfwum;/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
401
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tEdkifrcH tHI;ray;
vifh[lcsHK; rSm ajrBuD;ay:wGif vJavsmif;aeaomfvnf; tajctaetm;vHk;udk apmifhMunfhaeoljzpf\/ ol\
twGif;'Pf&mESifhywfouf ,cktcsdefwGif vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;ayNyD/
olYtaejzifh twGif;tm;vHk;0rxkwfEdkifawmhay/ twGif;tm;xkwfvku
d fonfESifh wpfudk,fvHk;aysmhacGum
wpfacgif;vHk; rl;a0emufusdpGm cHpm;&awmhonf/ tm;rxkwfbJaeygu omrefvlrsm;uJhokdY ajcvufaumif;pGm
vIyf&Sm;Edkifonf/
,ck ajrBuD;ay:wGif twGif;tm;vHk;0rxkwfbJ NidrfoufpGmvJavsmif;aecJhojzifh ajcvufrsm; aumif;pGm
vIyf&Sm;EdkifaeayNyD/
olu ol\q&mESifh q&mrwdkYtowfcH&rnfudk awGY&aomtcg NidrfoufMunfhraeEdkifawmhay/ ol\"m;udk
qJG kwfjcnf; rwfwwf&yfvdkufawmh\/
tm;vHk; kwfw&uf ai;aMumifoGm;Muawmh\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf rQ tjyif;txefwkdufckduf? &Sif;
vif;ajymMum;aeonfhwpfcsdefvHk; vifh[lcsHK;rSm ajrBuD;ay: vJusaecJh&m vlwdkif;u vifh[lcsHK;aoNyD? okdYr[kwf
'Pf&mtjyif;txef&eNyD[lom rSwfxifoGm;cJhMu jzpfonf/
,ck vifh[lcsHK;u kwfw&uf rwfwwf&yfvkdufaomtcg odkY aMumifoGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/ zl;vifrSm
0rf;om wkefvIyfaomtoHjzifh ...
]]vlav;}} [k ac:vdkufrd\/ zl;vif\arwmw&m;um; vifh[lcsHK;tay: tvGefw&mBuD;rm;vSayonf/
wu,fh 0rf;ESifhvG,f arG;xm;onfh om;i,fyrmaywnf;/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;u olYq&mESifh aygifykcsdefwdkYtMum;odkY avQmufoGm;NyD;&yfvu
dk fonf/
aygifykcsdefrSm rarQmfvifhaomtjzpfaMumifh kwfw&uf ai;aMumifMunfhaerdonf/ odkYaomf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif
vifh[lcsHK;\ csnfheJYwkef,ifaeaom cEmud,
k ftwGif; awGYvdkuf&aomtcg txifao;aompdwf0ifoGm;NyD; ...
]]oGm;prf;}} [k atmfNyD; vifh[lcsHK;\vnfrsdKudk "m;ESifh xdk;pdkufvdkufawmh\/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;xdk;csdefvdkufaomae&mrSm aygifykcsdef\ csdKif;Mum;jzpfae\/ aygifykcsdef\"m;u
a&SUokdYxdk;vdkufjcif;jzpf&m ol\vufarmif;&if;onfvnf; a&SUodkYwdk;vm&awmhonf/
xdktcg aygifykcsdef\csdKif;Mum;u vifh[lcsHK;\"m;&Sd&modkY wdk;0ifoGm;ouJhodkY jzpfoGm;awmh\/
tuGufrSm ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} wGifyg0ifaom "m;zsufuGufyifjzpfawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
402
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aygifykcsdrSm rdrd\"m;u a&SUodkYwdk;oGm;onfESifh rdrd\csdKif;uvnf; &efol\"m;xdyfodkY oGm;xdk;awmhrnfudk

awGY&aomtcg tBuD;tus,fxdwfvefYomG ;NyD; uref;uwef;tm;udkkyford f; aemufjyefvSdrfhum a&Smifvdkuf&
awmhonf/
tuGufudk a&SmifEdkifcJhjcif;rSm aygifykcsdefukd,fwdkif tifrwef vsifjrefzswfvwfvGef;jzpfonf/ tvGef
tE&m,frsm;aomtuGufjzpf&m aemufjyefa&Smifwdrf;rI tenf;i,faemufusonfESifh rdrd\vufwpfzuf BuD;pGm
aom 'Pf&m&&SdoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
a&Smifwdrf;&mrS rwfwwf&yfvdkufaomtcg olYwpfudk,fvHk;wGif &THUrsm;ayusHaeHkrQru rsufESmwpfckvHk;wGif
vnf; kyfysufqif;ysuf &THUrsm;ayaeawmh\/
xdktjcif;t&mudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg tcsdKUratmifhEdkifolrsm;u wckd;cdk;wcpfcpf &,fMuawmhonf/
&,fvnf; &,fp&mayudk; ...
odkYaomf &,fp&mjzpfom &,fvdkufMu&onf? taotcsm pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;\ "m;uGufudk
a&Smifwdrf;&efenf;vrf;rSm wpfenf;wpfvrf;wnf;om&SdaMumif; olwkYo
d djrifoabmaygufvmMuawmh\/
aygifykcsdrSmrl odkY &,foHrsm;Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tvGef&SufoGm;NyD; ol\a'gorsm;onfvnf; tqD;
twm;r&Sd zdwfvQHxGufvmawmh\/ olu vifh[lcsHK;xHodkY csufcsif;ckeftkyfvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; ... uHaumif;axmufrpGm pdwf"mwfMunfMunfvifvif jzpfaeonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]'DuaeY ightwGif;tm;udk a,mifvdkYawmifxkwfvdkYrjzpfbl; ... q&mbdk;bdk;oifay;xm;wJh "m;okdif;ynm
oufoufeJYyJ &efoludk wdkufcdkuf&awmhrSmyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} yg "m;zsufuGufrsm;udk wwfajrmufxm;NyD;jzpf&m olYtaejzifh aygifykcsdudk
aMumuf&GHUpdwv
f Hk;0r&Sday/
,ck aygifykcsdu ckeftkyfwkdufcdkufvdkufaomwdu
k fuGufonf tjyifyef;rSMunfhvQif vGefpGm aMumufrufzG,f&m
aumif;vSaomfvnf; vifh[lcsHK;tzdkYrl wpfcsufMunfhvdkufHkjzifh aygifykcsd\[muGufudk awGYvdkuf&NyD;jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfodkYrQ ysm,mcwfjcif;r&SdbJ "m;zsm;udk atmufrSyifh aygifykcsd\csufatmufodkY xdk;oGif;
vdkufawmhonf/
xdktuGufrSvGwfajrmuf&ef vifh[lcsHK;taeESifh aemufokdYckefa&Smifaomfvnf; a&Smif&rnf? odkYr[kwf aygifykcsd
\"m;udk rdrd"m;jzifh umaomfvnf;um&ayrnf/
xdkESpfckteuf wpfckck vifh[lcsHK;jyKrlvdkufygu aygifykcsdtzdkY csufatmuf&Sd[muGufonf tE&m,fr&SdEkdif
awmhay/ xdk[muGufudk *kwpdkufumuG,&f ef rvdkawmhay/
,ckrl vifh[lcsHK;onf a&Smifwdrf;jcif;? umuG,fjcif;wkdYudk vHk;0*krjyKbJ ol\"m;OD;udk aygifykcsd csuf
atmuf OD;wnfcsdef&G,fxm;vsuf aoG;aomuf&ef tqifoifhjzpfaeacsNyD/
aygifykcsdrSm avxJ 0JysHaepOftwGif; rdrd\csufatmufodkY xdk;pdkuf&ef toifhjzpfaeaom "m;OD;aMumifh
wpfoufESifhwpfudk,f rBuHKbl;aom tqkd;0g;qH;k aomtajctaeudk BuHKawGYvdkuf&awmh\/
xdk"m;OD;udk rnfodkYrQa&Smifwdrf;&ef rvG,fawmhacs/ olu uref;uwef;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;\"m;udk ckwfcsvdkuf
awmhonf/
okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;u onftuGufudk BudKjrifxm;NyD; ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \ "m;odkdif;ynm ckcHuGuf[l
vHk;0r&Sday/ &efol\[muGufrsm;udk wpfckNyD;wpfck &SmBuHwkdufcdkufjcif;jzifh rdrdudk,frdrd umuG,fxm;onfh
ynmomjzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
403
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYaMumifh ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;okdif;\ tESpfom&rSm &efoltm; tqufrjywfwkdufppfqifjcif;onf

rdrdtwGuf taumif;qHk; cHppfjyifjcif;jzpfonf[l\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf rdrd\"m;udk aygifykcsdu ckwfcsvdkufonfESifh csufcsif;yif "m;kyfvdkufNyD; aygifykcsd\
&ifbwfudk xdk;csdefvdkufjyef\/
aygifykcsdrSm vifh[lcsHK;\"m;udkdkufcsNyD; xdk"m;csif;xd&mrS wefjyeftm;udk,l aemufjyefckefxGuf&ef BudK;pm;
vdkufjcif;jzpf\/
okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;\"m;u kwfw&uf ajrmufwufvmaomtcg aygifykcsd\ dkufcsvdu
k faom"m;onf
avxJ vJGacsmfoGm;awmh\/ xdktcg avxJ ol\t&Sdefudk &yfwefYjcif;iSm vHk;0rwwfEdkifawmhbJ olY&iftHku
vifh[lcsHK;\ csdef&G,fxm;aom"m;OD;odkY 0ifwkd;avawmh\/
zkef;ykrdeu
f
kwfw&ufckefxGufNyD; aygifykcsd\aemufausmudk vSrf;qJGxm;vdkufaomfvnf; wpfvSrf;rQ
aemufusaeojzifh rrDawmhacs/ vifh[lcsHK;\"m;rSm aygifykcsd\ycHk;odkY ]pdG} ceJxdk;pdkufoGm;awmh\/
zkef;ykrdeo
f nf aygifykcsdudk aemufbufoYq
kd JG,lvdkufNyD; "m;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;\vnfyif;odkY ckwfcsvdkufawmh
onf/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;u jyefvnfwdkufppfqifrnfqdkvQif aemufokdYckwfqkwf jyifqifNyD;rS
wkdufppfqif&rnfjzpf\/
okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh twGif;tm;vHk;0xkwfEkdifolr[kwfojzifh aemufjyefckefqkwfvQif vHk;0vsifjrefrI
r&SdEdkifay/ aES;auG;aeojzifh zkef;ykrdef\"m;csufudkvnf; a&Smifwdrf;Ekdifrnfr[kwfacs/
xdkYaMumifh olu ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkdif;ynmudktoHk;jyKum "m;udk vufjyefxkd;vdkuf\/ "m;udk zkef;ykrdef
\vnfrsdKodkY xdk;pdkufvkdufonf/ tuGufudk kwfw&ufMunfhvdkufygu ESpfa,muftwlwl txdemonfh
olao udk,faowkdufuGufrsdK;[kxif&\/
okdYaomf wu,fhwu,fwGifrl vifh[lcsHK;\"m;u zkef;ykrdef\vnfrsdKudkpdkufNyD;rS zkef;ykrdef\"m;u
vifh[lcsHK;\vnfyif;odkY a&muf&Sdvmrnfjzpfonf/
xdk"m;OD;ESpfck a&muf&SdMuonfhtcsdefumvonf odyfuGmjcm;vSonfr[kwfaomfvnf; wu,fhxdyfoD;odkif;
orm;rsm;rSm rdrdu a&S;OD;pGm'Pf&m&NyD;rS &efoludk'Pf&m&aponfhwkdufuGufrsdK;udk rnfonfhtcgrS roHk;Muacs/
zkef;ykrdefonf onfwpfuGufudk awGYvkduf&onfESifh csufcsif;yif aemufjyefckefqkwfNyD; wqufwnf;ESihf "m;csuf
ckepfcsufwdwd xdk;ckwfvdkufawmh\/ "m;csufrsm;rSm wpfcsufxufwpfcsuf ydk ydk vsifjrefvmonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm zkef;ykrdef\ jyif;xefaom"m;csufrsm;udk awGY&aomfvnf; rsm;pGmwkefvIyfjcif;r&Sv
d Say/ ol\
pdwfrsm;twGif;0,f olYq&mbkd;bdk; oifay;aom"m;uGufrsm;u wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGufay:vmaeonf/
wpfcgwpf&H ausmuf*leH&Hay:&Sd "m;uGufrsm;ay:vmonf/ odkYtm;jzifh olYvufrSm tvdktavsmuf
xdk"m;uGufrsm;udkoHk;oGm;NyD; wkdawmif;onfh tcsdefumvuav;twGif; zkef;ykrdefESifh "m;uGufaygif;
ckepfq,fausmf wkdufcdkufEkdifcJhawmhonf/
olwdkY\wkdufyJGum; tHhrcef;wdkufyJGjzpf\/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf olwdkYESpfa,muf\"m;rsm;rSm wpfacsmif;ESifh
wpfacsmif; vHk;0xdrdjcifr&SdyJ wkdufcdkufaeMuaomaMumifhaywnf;/
ESpfa,mufpvHk;\ wdkufuGufrsm;rSm tvGefw&m xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSayonf/
zkef;ykrdeo
f nf vifh[lcsHK;xuf twGif;tm;omaomoljzpf vifh[lcsHK;\ wdkufuGufrsm;udk "m;uGufjzifh rum
uG,fEdkifonfhtcgwdkif; twGif;tm;xkwf "m;csif;dkufxkwfypf&ef tBudrfBudrfBudK;pm;onf/ xdktcgrsdK;wGif
vifh[lcsHK;u a&Smifwdrf;ay;&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
404
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ab;rSMunfhIaeaom odkif;orm;rsm;xJrStcsdKUu zkef;ykrdef\ uvdefuuspfvkyf wkdufcdkufaomenf;udk

rausreyfjzpfvmMu\/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;wpfa,mufu wtHhwMojzpfoGm;[efjyKNyD; zkef;ykrdef\
wkdufcdkufrIudk oG,f0dkufIwfcsvdkufonf/
]][m ... b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ ... 0gqef;avodkif;tzJGY&w
Jh ynfhu "m;odkif;aumif;NyD; "m;odkif;tzJGY&Jh
q&mBuD;usawmh avodkif;odyfaumif;aeyguvm; ... 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh avokdif;tzJGYeJY "m;odkif;tzJGYuawmh wu,fh
udk ajymif;jyefBuD;ygvm;a[h}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg zkef;ykrdefrSm rsufESmeDoGm;awmh\/ xdkYaMumifh ol\"m;udk ydkrdkjyif;xefonf
xufjyif;xefatmif wkdufcdkufawmhonf/
wu,fhwu,fwGif zkef;ykrdefrSm "m;odkif;tzJY\
G q&mBuD;jzpfojzifh "m;okdi;f ynm tvGefawmfoljzpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} udk xkwfoHk;aeonfjzpf&m oltEdkif,lEkdifonfh tuGufaygif;rsm;pGm
awGYcJh&onf/ okdYaomf olYcrsm twGif;tm;vHk;0rxkwfEdkifojzifh ajcvufrsm;aES;auG;av;vHaecJh&m olt&,l
Ekdifonfh EkdifuGufrsm;pGmudk vufvGwfqHk;HI;cJ&h onf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} udk trSm;t,Gif;r&Sd uRrf;usifvdrmpGm wwfajrmufcJhNyD;ol r[kwfao;
acs/ olYtaejzifh wu,fhxdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifjzifh yxrOD;qHk; wdkufcdkufaejcif;jzpfojzifh olY"m;uGufrsm;rSm
aoaooyfoyfr&SdbJjzpfae\/
ajyjypfnufanmjcif; odyfr&SdvSay/ xdktaMumif;rsm;aMumifh rQMumjrifhpGm wdkufcdkufaeygvsuf tHI;tEdkif
ray:ayguf&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
aemufxyf odkif;uGufoHk;q,fausmf wkdufcdkufNyD;aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf tcsufwpfcsufukd owdjyKrdvm
awmhonf/
rdrdu jzpfovdkwkdufcdkufvdkufonfhtcgwdkif; zkef;ykrdefrSm yHkysufyef;ysuf ckcHa&Smifwdrf;ae&onf/
okdYaomf rdrdwdkY\ 0gqef;*dkPf;rS "m;uGufwpfuGufudk xkwfvkdufrdonfhtcgwGifrl zkef;ykrdefu csufcsif;
wefjyef wdkufcku
d fEdkifaMumif; owdjyKrdvmonf/
xdkpOf olYem;xJ olYq&mbdk;bdk;\ oGefoifcsufrsm;udk Mum;a,mifvmrdawmhonf/
]]rif;&Jh"m;rSm "m;uGufr&Sdawmh&if &efolu b,fvdkrSrzsufEkdifawmhbl; ... "m;uGufr&SdwJh "m;odkif;[m
"m;odkif;ynm&Jh txGwftxdyfyJ ... }}
,cktcsdefwGif vifh[lcsHK;rSm ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \ eufeJaom oabmw&m;rsm;udk raemtmHkwGif; wpfppD
wpfrQifpD qkyfudkifrdp jyKavNyD/
xdkYaMumifh xdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sif zkef;ykrdef\"m;uGufrsm; rnfrQjyif;xefapumrl olwpfcsufMunfhHkjzifh
"m;uGuf\[muGufrsm;udk awGYEkdifcJhNyDjzpfawmh\/ xdk[muGufudk wpfcsufwdk;vdkufHkrQjzifh zkef;ykrdefrSm jyefvSef
umuG,f ckcHae&awmhonf/
twefMumwkdufckdufNyD;onfhtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf wjznf;jznf; olYudk,fol ,HkMunfpdwfcsvmawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh rdrdtaejzifh zkef;ykrdefudk tEkdi,
f l&ef vHk;0rcufcJrSef; odvmawmhonf/
ol\OD;aESmufxJwGif "m;uGufESpfq,fausmf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; ay:xGufvmonf/ olu rnfhonfhtuGuf
xkwfNyD;rS rnfonfhtuGufxkwfrnf[k tpDtpOfESifh pOf;pm;awmifraeawmhay/ tvdktavsmufyif avxJ
ay:vmorQtuGufrsm;udk xkwfypfvdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
405
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
"m;uGufrsm;rSm rnfonfhtzJGY\"m;uGufjzpfonf? rnfolrsm;u ,ckvufcHusifhoHk;aeonf? rnfonfh

"m;uGufjzpfonf? "m;u rnfokdYqufwdkuf wkdufcdkufoGm;vdrfhrnf ponfhtcsufrsm;udk oludk,fwdkifroday/
"m;uGufrsm;rSm vQyfjyufonfhES,f wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf qufxGufaeawmh\/
zkef;ykrdefrSmvnf; ...
]][m ... bm"m;uGufawGvJ}} [k pdwfxJrS tvefYwMum; a&&Gwfaerdawmh\/ olYtaejzifh xdk"m;uGufrsm;
rnfonfh"m;uGufrSef; rodojzifh rnfokdYzsuf&rnfrSef;vnf; rodEdkifbJjzpfaeawmhonf/ aemufqHk; wpfudk,fvHk;
udk "m;jzifh a0SY,rf;umuG,fxm;ae&awmh\/ okdYaomf olYtaejzifh rQumuG,faeonfhMum;rS vifh[lcsHK;\
"m;u ol\cg;udk kwfw&ufxdk;pdkufvmawmhonf/ zkef;ykrdefrSm uref;uwef;yif aemufokdYckefqkwfvdkuf&
awmh\/
xkdtcg [efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&Sifu &ifoyfIarm csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]tHhMop&maumif;vdkufwm ... 'Dvl&Jh"m;odkif;u wu,fhyJ csD;usL;p&maumif;wmyJ ... }}
olru vifh[lcsHK;\"m;odkif;ynmudk csD;usL;vdkufjcif;jzpfaMumif;rSm xif&Sm;aeonf/ zkef;ykrdefrSm xdkpum;
udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg pdwfxJ qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck csvdkufrdawmh\/
]]ighvdkvlu 'Dcsmwdwfuav;udkawmifrEdkif&if b,fvdkvkyfodkif;avmuxJrSm rsufESmjy&JawmhrSmvJ ...
0gqef;*kdPf;&Jh*P
kd f;csKyf b,fhES,fvkyfawmhrSmvJ ... igh&Jhynmudk zHk;0SufaevdkYrjzpfawmhbl; ... &SdorQynmudk
oGefcsjy&awmhrSmyJ ... }}
kwfw&uf csufcsif;yif ol\"m;uGufrsm; ajymif;vJvmawmh\/ ol\"m;rSm wpfcsufckwfvdkufwkdif;
avwdk;oH w[J[J xGufay:vmonf/ um; zkef;ykrdef awmxJ wpfq,fhig;ESpfwdwd avhusifhatmifjrifcJhaom
]rkefwdkif; "m;odkif;} yifjzpfawmh\/
trSefpifppf ynmonf zkef;ykrdef\ aemufqHk;xkwfoHk;vdkuf&onfh ynmyifjzpfawmhonf/ zkef;ykrdef
taejzifh ynmudk xkwfrjycsifay/ odkYaomf ,cktajctae xkwfrjycsifrjzpfawmh/ xkwfrjyvQif t&SufuJG
&ayawmhrnf/
]rkefwdkif;"m;uGuf} rSm trSefwu,ftm;ygNyD; jyif;xefvS\/ ab;ywfvnf &yfMunhfaeaom olrsm;\
rsufESmrsm;udkyif zkef;ykrdef\"m;rS dkufxkwfvdkufonfh avvdIif;tm;u oGm;a&mufdkufcwfae&m rsufESmrsm;
usdef;pyfukefonftxd jyif;xefvSayawmhonf/ xdktcg ab;ywfvnfrS vlrsm;tm;vHk; aemufokdYqw
k fcGmoGm;
Mu&awmh\/
,cktcsdefwGif aumif;qef;*kdPf;? xdkufqef;*dkPf;ESifh csHK;qef;*dkPf;rsm;rS odkif;orm;rsm;onf zkef;ykrdeftm;
vHk;0txifrao;&Jawmhacs/ aMumufrufzG,f&maumif;vSaom "m;odkif;ynm&SifwpfOD;jzpfaMumif; wnDwnGwf
wnf; vufcHvdkufrdMuawmh\/
]rkefwkid f;"m;uGuf} aMumifh tm;vHk;\tjrif vifh[lcsHK;rSm yifv,fjyifwGif rkefwdkif;rdaeaom avSuav;
ESifh yrmwlaeonf/ rkefwdkif;BuD;\ vdIif;twuftustwdkif; avSuav;vdkufygae&onf/ okdYaomf avSuav;
onf vdIif;ay:om&Sdaeonf/ vdIif;atmufokdYra&mufacs/ vIdif;BuD;avSatmuf? awmifBuD;z0g;atmufqdo
k nfh
pum;pkyrmtwkdi;f yifwnf;/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;ynmudkavhusifhNyD; "m;odkif;ynm tawmftwefxufjrufonfh
xifaygESifh pwifwdkufcdkufcJh&onf/ odkYaomf xifayg\"m;odkif;ynmrSm ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \eufeJrIudk
aumif;pGm rodjrifEdkifcJh&acs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
406
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ck zkef;ykrdef\ xufjrufaom ]rkefwkdif;"m;odkif;} ESifh xdyfwdkufawGYqHkaomtcgusrS ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \

"m;odkif;ynmrSmvnhf; ol\eufeJvSaompGrf;&nfudk xkwfvSpfjyovmawmhonf/ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \ vQdKY0Suf
csufwpf&yfrSm &efol"m;odkif;ynmydkawmfavav olu ESmwpfzsm;omaMumif; jyavavjzpfonf/
trSefpifppf ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \ eufeJrItptqHk;udk vifh[lcsHK; zrf;qkyf&,lEkdifNyD;NyDr[kwfacs/ "m;okdif;
uGufrSm cufcJeufeJvGef;vSojzifh olYb0wpfavQmufvHk; qnf;yl;avhusifh oGm;&rnfomjzpfonf/ olaoonfh
txdyif "m;odik f;ynm\eufeJrItqHk;udk zrf;qkyfod&SdEdkifaumif;rS od&SdEdkifrnf/
okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} \ oabmw&m; t&dyftaiGYudk oabmaygufHkrQESifhyif
zkef;ykrdef\ ]rkefwdkif;"m;uGuf} udk tEdkifwkdufcdkufEdkifayrnf/ wpfuGufwkdufcdkufvdkufwkdif; "m;okdif;\ oabm
w&m;topfudk em;vnfvdkufojzifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm topftopfaom "m;odkif;ynm&yfrsm;udk wkdufckduf&if;rS
qnf;yl;&&SdaeavNyD/ xkdYaMumifh olYpdwfxw
J Gif ...
]]zkef;ykrdefvdk "m;odkif;ynm&SifrsdK;udk awmfawmfeJY&SmvdkYawGYrSmr[kwfbl; ... igu wu,fvdkY olYudkomowf
vdkuf&if aemufqkd 'Dvdk"m;odkif;ynm&SifrsdK;eJY b,fawmhrS ynmzvS,fEdkifrSmr[kwfbl; ... 'DvludkowfvdkYrjzpfb;l
... }}
,cktcsdefwGif "m;odkif;ynm\ oabmw&m;rsm;udk wpfqifhNyD;wpfqifh oabmaygufvmNyDjzpf vifh[lcsHK;
u udk,fhudk,fudk,f ,HkMunfrIrSm >cif;csufr&Sd tjynfht0&SdaeavNyD/ xdkYaMumifh olYtaejzifhtavmwBuD;
tEkdifr,lcsifawmh/ &efol\"m;odkif;ynmudk cJGjcrf;pdwfjzm avhvmoHk;oyfaeawmhonf/
xdktcsdef zkef;ykrdef\ ]rkefwdkif;"m;uGuf} rSm ukefqHk;oGm;avNyD/ olu aemufqHk;0SufzJwpfcsyfjzpfonfh
]rkefwdkif; "m;uGuf} udk xkwfoHk;vdkufaomfvnf; vHk;0tEkdifr,lEkdifao;aMumif; awGY&Sdvmaomtcg &Sufpdwfjzifh
wpfacgif;vHk; xlylvmawmhonf/ "m;okid f;uGufudkyif tprSjyefoHk;oyf&ef [efjyifvdkuf\/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsHK;xHrS "m;av;csufonf vQyfjyufonfhES,f0ifvmawmhonf/ zkef;ykrdef\ vufESpfzufESifh ajc
axmufESpfzufwGif "m;wpfcsufpDtxdk;cHvdkuf&onf/ xdkYaMumifh ]xef;} ceJ jrnfoGm;oHESifhtwl zkef;ykrdef\"m;rSm
vufrS vGwfusoGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh zkef;ykrdeftm; taoowfcsifpdwfvHk;0r&Sdacs/ xdkYjyif oludk,fwdkif twGif;tm; vHk;0r&Sd
aomaMumifh zkef;ykrdef&oGm;onfh "m;av;csufpvHk;rSmvnf; BuD;us,fjyif;xefaom 'Pf&mBuD;rsm; r[kwfMuacs/
odkYaomf zkef;ykrdef qufrwkdufckdufawmh/ aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfaomrsufESmjzifh aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;\om;
]usdaz;&if;} tm; vSnfhajymvdkufawmh\/
]]cifAsm;&Jhtazudk ajymvdkufygawmh ... olY&Jhapwemudk usKyfu vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ aus;Zl;wifygw,fvkYd ...
'gayr,fh usKyf? usKyf&Jhodkif;ynmu olrsm;eJY,SONf ydKifvkdYr&awmh ... }}
zkef;ykrdeo
f nf pum;udkyif qHk;atmifrajymEkdifawmhbJ kwfw&uf ajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/ okdYaomf cyfvSrf;
vSrf;a&mufrS kwfw&uf&yfvdkufum ...
]]a[h ... ighudk tEdkif,loGm;wJholi,f ... rif;&Jh"m;odkif;[m wu,fhudk csD;usL;avmufygayw,f ... igrif;udk
ausauseyfeyfeJY tHI;ay;ygw,f ... 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk"m;odkif;rsdK;udk &ufykcRefawmif rupm;Edkifwmawmh tao
tcsmygyJ ... rif;&JhemrnfeJY 'D"m;odkif;udk oifay;wJh q&mBuD;&Jhemrnfukd rod&bl;vm;}}
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;u ...
]]uRefawmf vifh[lcsHK;yg ... q&mBuD;&ufykcRef&Jh wynfhBuD;ygyJ ... 'D"m;odkif;eJY q&mBuD;udkEkdifvdkufwmu
awmh ukodkvfuHaxmufrvdkYyg ... pum;xJxnfhajym&avmufatmif BuD;us,fwJhudpr[kwfygbl; ... }}
zkef;ykrdeo
f nf oufjyif;wpfcsufcs rnfonfhpum;rQrajymawmhbJ vSnfhxGufoGm;awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
407
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usdaz;&if;u csef&if;udk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/

olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk;\pdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufrdMuonfrSm ...
]]"m;odkif;ynmqdk&if igwkdYu 'Daumifhudk b,fenf;eJYrSEdkifrSmr[kwfbl; ... wu,fvdkY tm;vHk;pkNyHKNyD;
wdkufcdkufMur,fqkd&ifawmh EkdifEkdifw,f ... 'gayr,fh igwdkYxJrSm wjcm;*dkPf;u odkif;q&mBuD;awG ygaeao;w,f
qkdawmh 'Dvkad tmufwef;uswJhenf;rsdK; oHk;vdkYrjzpfawmhbl; ... }} [lyif jzpfawmh\/
xdkokdYawG;vdkufrdonfESifh usdaz;&if;u ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;&Jh "m;odkif;ynmudkawmh usKyfwkdYtm;vHk;u csD;usL;ygw,f ... aemufrSawGYMuao;wm
aygh}}
csef&if;uvnf; ...
]]uJ ... tm;vHk;oGm;MupdkY ... }}
ajymajymqdkqkdESifh ol\jrif;udkOD;vSnfh ausmif;0if;tjyifokdY xGufcGmoGm;awmhonf/ olYaemufrS ,cifu
vdkufygvmoltm;vHk; woDwwef;BuD; vdkuyf goGm;Muawmh\/
xdktcg bk&m;ausmif;0if;xJwGif 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlpkwkdYom usef&pfMuawmhonf/ rsufESmzHk;pGyf
vlwpfa,mufu acsmufuyfpGmjzifh &,farmvkdufNyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;&Jh"m;ynmuawmh wu,fhudk tHhMocsD;usL;p&mygyJ ... &ufykcRef&Jh "m;okdif;ynmawmif
rif;udkrrDygbl; ... wu,fvdkY trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jh *dkPf;csKyfae&mudk rif;,lzdkYoifhw,f ... ig
rif;&Jh"m;okdif;ynmudk tckawGYvdkuf&NyD ... [kd zkef;ykrdefawmif rif;udk r,SOfEkdifawmhwJhaemuf igwdkYvnf; r,SOfEkdif
bl; qkdwmuawmh odyfaocsmoGm;NyD ... 'gayr,fh igwkdYu rif;wkdY*dkPf;udk xdcdkufapmfum;xm;awmh aemufykdif;qdk
'D&efu at;rSmr[kwfbl; ... rD;<uif;rD;pudk csefrxm;aumif;ovdk &ef<uif;&efpudkvnf; csefrxm;aumif;bl;?
rD;<uif;rD;paMumifh wpfNrdKUvHk;wpfe,fvHk; rD;avmifuRrf;oGm;Ekdifovdk &ef<uif;&efpaMumifh wpfrsdK;wpfaqGvHk;?
wpf*kdPf;vHk; 'kua&mufwwfw,f ... 'Dawmh rif;udk'DaeY tjywfokwfoifypf&awmhrSmyJ ... rif;udk,frSm 'Pf&m
&xm;w,fqkdwm igwkdYaumif;aumif;odw,f ... 'gudktcGifhaumif;,lNyD; rif;udk trsm;eJYwpfa,muf tEdkifusifh
NyD; owfjzwf&awmhrSmyJ ... }}
ajym&if; ol\vufudk a0SY,rf;tcsufjyvdkuf&m usefq,fhav;a,mufpvHk; vifh[lcsHK;udk 0ef;&HvdkufMuNyD;
wjznf;jznf; pnf;0kdif;udk csHKUvmMuawmhonf/
r&Paorif; aumif;csD;ay;oH aomif;aomif;nH ayawmhrnfwum;/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
408
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajymrxGufaoma0'em
vifh[lcsHK;rSm apmapmu zkef;ykrdefudk tjyif;txefwdkufckdufcJh&ojzifh wpfudk,fvHk;rSm acR;rsm;TJepfaeawmh
onf/ olYtaejzifh xufjrufvSaom "m;odkif;ynm&Sif zkef;ykrdefudk tEkdif,lEdkifcJh&jcif;rSm olYq&mbdk;bkd;\
]{u&mZf udk;uGu}f aus;Zl;aMumifhyifjzpfawmhonf/
,ck q,fhig;a,mufrQ&Sdaomvlrsm;u vufeufrsdK;pHkjzifh rdrdtm; wpfNydKifeuf 0dkif;0ef;wkdufcdkuf&ef wjznf;
jznf; 0dkif;0ef;vmMuaomtcg olYtaejzifh rnfodkYckcHumuG,f&ygtHhenf;/ olYtaejzifh twGif;tm;udk xkwfEkdif
vQif q,fhig;a,mufudk vHk;0aMumufGHU*kpdkuf&efrvdkay/
okdYaomf ,ck rdrdrSm twGif;tm; vHk;0rxkwfEkdifbJjzpfae&onf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvdkuf
um vdefvdef\rsufESmuav;udk wpfcsufrQvSrf;Munfhvkdufrdonf/ rdrdraorD aemufqHk;tBudrftjzpf Munfhvdkuf
rdjcif;omjzpfonf/
okdY&mwGif vdefvdef\rsufvHk;rsm;xJ pdk;&drfaMumifhMuaom t&dyfta,mifrsm;udk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg
&ifxJ Tifvef;wuf<uoGm;awmhonf/ okdYaomf vdefvdef\vufwpfzufu a,musfm;wpfOD;\vufudk udkifxm;
aMumif;udkyg vifh[lcsHK;owdjyKrdvkdufonf/ xkdvufydkif&Sifum; vifrdefusuf jzpfaeownf;/
xdktcg vifh[lcsHK;\&ifxJ0,f qkdYepfaoma0'emwpf&yfudk cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/ apmapmu Tifvef;
wuf<ucJhaompdwf"mwfrsm;onfvnf; avESifhrdk;wdrfrsm;ES,f vGifhyg;aysmufuG,foGm;&awmhonf/ wkdufckdufvdk
pdwfrsm; vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;NyD; "m;udkypfcs taocHvdkufcsifaom pdwf"mwfrsm;omjzpfay:aerdawmhonf/
xdktcsdefonf rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlq,fhig;a,muf\ pnf;0dkif;onfvnf; wjznf;jznf; BuHKU0ifvmvsuf&Sdae
ayNyD/ wjznf;jznf; eD;uyfvmaeacsNyD/
okdYaomf xdkq,fhig;a,mufrSm vifh[lcsHK;\"m;okdif;ynmudk awGYxm;Mu&NyD;jzpf rnfolrQ kwfw&uf
0ifrwdkuf&JbJjzpfaeMu&onf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf pdwfysufvufysufjzifh xdkolrsm;udk Munfhvkdufaomtcg xdkolrsm;
\ aoG;qmawmufyaeMuaom rsufvk;H rsm;udkawGYvdkufrdawmhonf/
xdktcg vifh[cl sHK;onf kwfw&uf tBuHwpfck&oGm;awmhonf/ olYOD;aESmufwGif; ...
]]{u&mZfudk;uGufxJrSm &efolawG&Jhrsufv;Hk udk wNydKifeufxkd;azmufypfwJhtuGuf&SdwmyJ ... 'gu vQdKU0Suf
zsufuGufxJrSmygw,f}} [k awG;vdkufrdawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
409
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefw&m Pfaumif;olwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ r&SdEdkif rjzpfEkdifonfht&mrsm;udkyif pdwful;

pdwfoef;aumif;aumif;ESifh pOf;pm;awG;awmEdkifoljzpfonf/ ,ckuJhodkY olYacgif;xJoGif;xm;NyD;onfh {u&mZf
udk;uGufxJrS tuGufrsm;udkrl taMumif;wdkufqkid fvmwdkif; vif;ceJvufceJ tawG;xJay:vmNyD; toHk;csEdkif&ef
toifhjzpfvm&awmhonf/
xkdpOf xdq
k ,fhig;a,mufrS wpfa,mufu atmfajymonf/
]]uJ ... igwkdY 'Daumifhudk tcsdefapmifhNyD; wjznf;jznf;0ifaevkdYrjzpfbl; ... tm;vHk;wNydKifwnf; ckeftkyfNyD;
wNydKifeuf ckwx
f pfypfvdkufMu&if 'Daumifb,fcHEkdifrvJ ... }}
odkY olwdkYtcsif;csif; atmf[pfajymqdkoHonf vifh[lcsHK;tm; wpfpHkwpfckudkvkyfvdkuf&ef owday;vdkuf
onfESifh wloGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm olvkyf&rnfhtvkyfudk pOf;pm;raeawmhbJ vufrS tvdktavsmuf
wkdufcdkufrdNyD;jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\"m;zsm;jzifh xdkq,fhig;a,muf\rsufvHk;rsm;udk vQyfw
jyuf xdk;azmufypfvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg ]tm;} ceJ? ]tkd;} ceJ txdwfwvefY tmar#dwfoHrsm; tqufrjywfay:vmawmhonf/ rQ
wdkawmif;vSonfh tcsdeftawmtwGif; wpfbufvlrsm; vIyfyifrvIyfvdkuf&bJ olwdkY\rsufvHk;rsm; xdk;azmuf
cHcJh&avNyD/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xdkq,fhig;a,muf\rsufvHk;rsm;udk xdk;azmufNyD;onfESifh xdkvltkyfMum;rS twif;wdk;xGufum
avmifwuf\ycHk;udkudkif rDSaevdkuf&awmhonf/ vufxJ udkifxm;onfh"m;rSmvnf; vGwfusoGm;awmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ...
aoa&;&Sifa&; tvGefta&;BuD;onfhtckduftwefYjzpfojzifh pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef;NyD; owdarhum ol\twGif;
tm;udk xkwf&efBudK;pm;rdaomaMumifhaywnf;/ wpfudk,fvHk; aysmhacGrwwfjzpfoGm;NyD; OD;acgif;wpfckvHk;rSmvnf;
rl;a0aemufusdaeawmhonf/ avmifwuf\ycHk;udk rSDxm;Ekdifojzifhom vJusroGm;&jcif;jzpfonf/
xdktcsdefwGif rsufESmzHk;pGyfvlq,fhig;a,mufrSm olwdkY\rsufESmrsm;udk vuf0g;rsm;jzifh tkyfxm;Mu&m olwdkY
vufacsmif;rsm;Mum;rS aoG;rsm;,dkpD;usvmMuawmhonf/ tcsdKUu ajrBuD;ay:wGif xdkifvsuf&SdNyD; tcsdKUrSmrl
Murf;jyifwGifvl;vSdrfhvsuf emusifpGmatmfaeMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rdrd\touf? rdrd\0gqef;wpf*dkPf;vHk;toufudk u,fwif&eftwGuf vlrsm;\rsufvHk;
rsm;udk xdk;azmufvdkuf&jcif;jzpfaomfvnf; vlq,fhig;a,muf\ &ifeifhpzG,ftjzpfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg
rdrdjyKvkyfvkdufonfyif rSm;oGm;ovdkvdk xifa,mifjrifa,mi jzpfvmjyefawmh\/
xdkq,fhig;a,mufwkdYrSm kwfw&uf rnfonfht&mudkrQ rjrif&awmhojzifh wkefvIyfaMumufGHUoGm;MuonfrSm
rSefaomfvnf; xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm;yifjzpfMu rsm;rMumrDyif owdESifh qifjcifxdef;csKyfum wnfNidrfoGm;Mu
awmh\/ tm;vHk; NidrfoufpGm&yfvsuf tajctaeudk apmifh em;pGifhaeMuawmh\/
xkdpOf &ufykcRefu atmfvdkufawmhonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... 'DvlawG&JhajcaMumawGudkjzwfypfvdkuf? aemufrS jznf;jznf;csif;ppfaq;r,f ... wpfa,mufrS
vGwfroGm;apeJY ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ][kwf ... [kwfuJhq&m} [k 0efcHvdkufNyD; olY"m;udk aumufudkif&efBudK;pm;aomfvnf; wpfudk,f
vHk; wkef,ifcsnfheJYaeojzifh olY"m;udkaumuf,l&ef vHk;0rwwfEdkifbJjzpfaeawmh\/
xdkpOf rsufESmzHk;pGyf vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]tm;vHk; nmbufrSm vufeufudkifxm;Mu ... b,fbufvufu ukd,fhtazmf&Jhcg;pnf;udkudkifMu ...
ighaemufvdkufcJhMu ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
410
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usefq,fhav;a,mufwkdYonf xdkvl\pum;oHMum;vdkuf&aomtcg csufcsif; Murf;jyifwGifprf;

&&mvufeufrsm;udk udkifxm;vdkufMuonf/
NyD;aemuf wpfa,muf\cg;pnf;udk wpfa,mufu udkif pDwef; avQmufxGufoGm;awmhonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;wGif vifh[lcsHK;rSwpfyg; usefvltm;vHk; taMumydwfcHxm;vdkuf&ojzifh wpfa,mufrQ rvIyf&Sm;
Ekdifacs/ odkY&mwGif vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; ol\twGif;tm;udk a,mifxkwfrdojzifh tBuD;tus,f a0'emcHpm;ae&
onf/
trSefpifppf taMumydwfcHxm;&olrsm;xuf olu ydkqdk;0g;aeayao;onf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYtm;vHk;rSm
xdkrsufuef;q,fhig;a,mufxGufoGm;onfudk rnfodkYrQ wm;qD;Edkifjcif;r&SdbJ onftwdkif;Munfhaevdku&f awmh\/
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu at;pufrmausmaomavoHjzifh ...
]]odkif;ynm&SifBuD; vifh[lcsHK; ... usKyf&JhydwfaewJhtaMumudk ajzray;ao;bl;vm; ... usKyfwkdYu &Sdcdk;
awmif;yefrS cifAsm;uvmajzay;rSmvm;}} [kk ar;vdkufawmh\/
xdkpum;udMk um;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefo
Y Gm;um ...
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... uRefawmf csufcsif;ajzay;rSmyg}} [k pdwfraumif;jcif;BuD;pGmjzifh ajymvdkufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rdrdcHpm;ae&aom a0'emrsm;udk tHBudwfajzazsmufvsuf tm;wif;kef;umxvdu
k fonf/
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]]q&m ... uRefawmf b,ftaMumajzay;&rvJ q&m}}
&ufykcRefrSm a'gotvGefxGufaeonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf xdkq,fhig;a,mufwdYu
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,ck rdrdtaMumajzay;&mwGif wrifaESmifhaES;MuefYMumatmif tcsdefqJGaeonf[k ,lqvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh a'gojzifh ...
]]a[haumif ... aeawmh ... rif;taMumajzay;zdkYrvdkawmhbl;}} [k cg;oD;pGmajymvdkufawmh\/ ol\ rdk;BudK;
twGif;tm;odki;f udkxkwf tydwfcHae&aomtaMumudk jyefyGifhoGm;atmif BudK;pm;aeawmhonf/
odkYaomf &ufykcReftydwfcHvdkuf&onfhtaMumonf wpfaMumwnf;r[kwfay/ taMumrsm;pGm xdk;ydwfcHxm;&
jcif;jzpfonf/
xkdYjyif olYtm; taMumxdk;ydwfoGm;olrSmvnf; xdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifwpfa,mufjzpf olu taMumrsm;udk
jyefvnfyGifhatmifvkyf&mwGif rsm;pGm cufcufcJcJ&SdvSayonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vHk;0twGif;tm;rxkwfEdkifojzifh ol\ajcvuf&SdtwGif;tm;rSm oHk;av;ESpf uav;i,fomom
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f dkufonfESifh rsufvHk;rsm;wGif Mu,fyGifhrsm;ay:vmNyD; jyma0vmawmhonf/
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vJusrwwf jzpfoGm;&awmh\/
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ay;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
411
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zl;vifwkdYrSm rwfwwf&yf ajcvufrsm;&SdaoG;rsm; aumif;pGmvSnfhywfpD;qif;ap&ef upm;vdkufMu&onf/

okdYr[kwfygu olwdkYtm;vHk; xHkxdkif;aeMuayvdrfhrnf/
olwdkYtm;vHk; aoGmrSjyefa&mufcJhMuyHkupdk Of;pm;rdwdkif; uHMurm\ xl;qef; qef;Mu,fyHkudk awG;awmae
rdjyef\/ vefzm; ckwftowfcH&jcif;twGufrl 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; pdwfraumif;jcif;BuD;pGmjzpfMu&onf/
olwdkYtm;vHk;\pdwfxJwGif vifh[lcsHK;tm; usdwf aus;Zl;wifaeMu\/
]]awmfao;&Jh ... tpfudkBuD;&Jh"m;odkif;u odyfaumif;vGef;vdkY 'Dvlqdk;awGudk armif;xkwfEkdifcJhwm ... EdkYrdkY&if
awmhvm; ... igwdkYckvdk touf&SifaeMu&awmhrSm r[kwfbl; ... }}
aumif;uef;onf vifh[lcsHK;rSm ,ckwdkif ajrBuD;ay:vJusaeonfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg ajy;ayGYxlvdkuf
onf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfudk,fvHk; aysmhacGaeawmhonf/
&ufykcRefurl vHk;0*krpdkufbJ ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... [dkvl q,fhig;a,mufu b,folawGvJ}} [k cufxefpGm ar;vdkufonf/
]]uRefawmf ... uRefawmf rodygbl; q&m ... }}
]]bm ... rif; olwdkYeJY rodbl; [kwfvm; ... }}
]][kwfygw,f q&m ... 'DvlawGukd uRefawmf wpfcgrS rawGYzl;ygbl; ... }}
]]'Dvdk rodbl;qdk&if igzrf;xm;cdkif;wkef;u rif;u bmaMumifhrzrf;xm;&wmvJ ... ighpum;udk bmjzpfvdkY
rMum;csif[ef aqmifae&wmvJ ... }}
]]q&m ... uRef ... uRefawmfhrSm wpfudk,fvHk; tm;vHk;0r&SdawmhvdkYyg ... tck ... tckawmif ... }}
ajym&if;qd&k if; olYwpfudk,fvHk; uwkefu,ifjzpfvmNyD; ,drf;xdk;vmawmhonf/ Murf;ay:odkY vJusrnfuJhodkY
jzpfaeawmh\/ okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;rSm olYq&ma&SUarSmufjzpfaeojzifh vJrusap&ef tHudkwif;wif;Budwf usdwf
rSdwf&yfae&awmhonf/
]]rif;u wu,fh Zmwfrif;om;yJ}} [k ajymcsvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xdkpum;udkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg wpfudk,fvHk;at;pufawmifhwif;oGm;NyD; 'l;axmufusoGm;
awmh\/ olYq&monf olYudk vHk;0t,HktMunfr&SdbJjzpfaeygNyDaum/
]]q&m ... uRefawmfhudk q&meJYq&mrwdkYu i,fi,fav;wnf;u auR;arG;apmifha&SmufvmcJhMuwmyg ...
uRefawmfhrSm q&meJYq&mrwdkYauR;arG;cJhvdkY tckvdk vlvm;ajrmufcJh&wmyg/ q&mwdkYuom tJ'Dvdk rauR;arG;
rapmifha&SmufcJh&if vifh[lcsHK;[m i,fi,fuav;wnf;u ao&ifvnf;aooGm;cJhrSmyg ... raovdkY touf&Sif
vmvnf; tckvdk odkif;orm;wpfa,muf jzpfcJh&rSmr[kwfawmhygbl; ... q&mwdkY&Jhaus;Zl;[m uRefawmfhtwGuf
tifrwefBuD;rm;vSygw,f q&m ... uRefawmf q&mwdkYudk aus;Zl;uef;wJt
h vkyfrsdK; b,fawmhrSrvkyf0Hhygbl;
q&m ... aemufNyD; b,fwkef;urSvnf; q&mhudk rvdrfnmcJhygbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm 'l;axmuf&if; rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh aMuuJGpGm ajymaerdawmhonf/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]rif;u ighudk rvdrfbl;[kwfvm; ... rif; tckwwfxm;wJh"m;odkif;ynmu b,fuwwfvmwmvJ ...
rdk;ay:uusvmwmvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
412
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&m ... uRefawmf q&mhudk wu,frvdrf0Hhwmyg ... q&m ... uRefawmfhudk 'D"m;odkif;oifay;wJhq&mBuD;u
'D"m;odkif;eJYywfoufNyD; b,folYudkrS bmrSrajym&bl;vdkY uRefawmfhqDu uwdawmif;NyD;rS oifay;cJhwmyg ... 'g
aMumifh q&mhudk rajymjycJhwmyg ... }}
&ufykcRefu ceJYNyHK; NyHK;&if; ...
]]at;av ... rif;&Jhodkif;ynmu 'Davmuftxd tqifhtwef;jrifhaerSawmh q&mvkyfwJhvludk bmta&;pdkuf
p&m&SdawmhrSmvJ ... igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;&Jhokdif;ynmu rif;&Jhodkif;ynmeJY,SOfvdkuf&if rjzpfpavmufuav;yJudk; ...
aumif;NyD ... aumif;NyD ... uJ ... rwfwwf&yfNyD; rif;aeomovdk aeayawmh}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf rwfwwf&yf&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/ okdYaomf ol\'l;rsm;rSm vHk;0tm;r&SdbjJ zpfaeojzifh
csufcsif;vdkvdkyif jyefaysmhacGusoGm;awmh\/ teD;tem;&Sdaeonfh vifrdefusufu vifh[lcsHK;udk vSrf;qJG
az;rxm;vdu
k f&awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf; vifrdefusufudkom trdt&zrf;wG,fNyD; wkefwkef,if,if &yfvdkuf
&awmhonf/
&ufykcRefu ceJYNyHK; NyHK;vdkuf&if; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;&Jh"m;odkif;aumif;wmxuf rif;&Jh[efyeftrlt&mu ydkawmifaumif;aeao;w,f ... ighudk
'Davmuf[efaqmifjyaezdkYrvdkbl;}} [k ajymvdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfonfhpum;rQ cGef;wHkYrjyef&Jacs/ olYq&mESifhq&mrwkdYonf olYrdcif? zcifozG,f olYudk apmifh
a&SmufcJholrsm; r[kwfygvm;/ olYq&m\pum;rsm;url ol\&ifxJokdY cRefjraom"m;jzifh xdk;arTvkdufouJhodkY
tcH&cufaponfu trSefyifjzpfawmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG frl ...
]]q&mhaus;Zl;awG ightay: qyfrukefatmif&Sdaew,f? 'DaeY oluighudk txifvJGaeayr,fh tjzpfrSef
odoGm;&ifawmh ighudkcGifhvTwfrSmyg ... trSefw&m;qdkwmuvnf; wpfoufvHk;ray:bJ jrKyfaerSmr[kwfygbl;}} [k
olYpdwfudk olajzonfhtaejzifh awG;awmaerd&Smonf/
xdkYaemuf tm;vHk;pm;aomuf&ef rD;arT; xrif;[if;csufjyKwfMu&awmh\/ pm;aomufNyD;pD;Muaomtcg
a&SUc&D;pOftwGuf &ufykcRef\trdefYudk apmifhpm;aeMuawmh\/
&ufykcRefu zl;viftm; ...
]]nDrav; ... tck igwkdY b,foGm;Mu&ifaumif;rvJ ... tm;vHk;twGuf aumif;r,fhtpDtpOfwpfckudk pOf;pm;
Mu&atmif}} [k ajymvkdufonf/
zl;vifu ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tckqkd&if zkef;ykrdefwdkY&JhudpjywfoGm;NyDqkdawmh aumif;qef;*dkPf;udk oGm;zdkYvdkawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
... uRefrwkdY 0gqef;awmifu xGufvmMuwmvnf; &ufodyfrMumao;awmh csufcsif;jyefzdkYrvdkao;ygbl; ... }}
zl;viftaejzifh 0gqef;awmifokdY csufcsif;rjyefvdkay/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\&efudk tvGeftrif;
aMumufvefYaecJhonf/ trSefpifppfwGifrl zl;vifomru &ufykcRefyif aMumufvefYaecJhonfomjzpf\/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]at; .. [kwfw,f ... tck bmudprS r&SdawmhwJhaemuf at;at;aq;aq; c&D;oGm;Muwmaygh ... wynfhawG
tm;vHk;vnf; A[kokwwdk;wmaygh ... }}
vdefvdefu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]]aumif;w,f taz ... odyfaumif;wmyJ}} [k vufckyfvuf0g;wD; xatmfawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
413
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][if; ... vnfr,f? ywfr,f? c&D;xGufr,fqdk&if orD;uodyfaysmfaewmaygh[kwfvm; ... uJ ... uJ ...

'Dwpfcg b,fbufudkc&D;xGufMu&if aumif;rvJ ... tBuHay;MuygOD;}} [kajymNyD;onfESifh vifrdefusufudk
wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/
vdefvdefu jrL;&Tifaeaom avoHuav;jzifh ...
]]taz ... uRefrwdkY 'Dwpfcg at;at;aq;aq;eJY tvnftywfoGm;MurSmqdkawmh tifrwefa0;wJhc&D;udk
oGm;zdkYaumif;w,f? a0;avaumif;avaygh ... r[kwfbl;vm; ... a0;avA[kokw&avyJaygh ... c&D;wdkwdkav;
oGm; ... cPav;jyefvmeJY bmvkyfrSmvJ ... taz ... armifav; vifrdefusufwdkYtdrfudk oGm;vnfMu&if raumif;
bl;vm;[if ... oluajymw,f ... olwdkY zkusdK;e,frSm opfoD;vnf;aygw,f ... awmawmifa&ajrawGuvnf;
om,mwmyJwhJ ... orD;wkdY tJ'Dbuf c&D;xGufMu&atmifaemf ... }}
zl;vifu NyHK;vdkufum ...
]]orD; ... 'Duae zlusdK;e,fudk oGm;&r,fhc&D;udk vG,fvG,fuav; rSwfaeovm; ... enf;wJhc&D;r[kwfbl;
... 'Davmuf&Snfvsm;wJhc&D;BuD;udkoGm;zdkY b,frSm igwkdYc&D;p&dwf&SdrSmvJ ... awmfMum igwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;BuD;u
olawmif;pm;*dkPf;jzpfoGm;OD;r,f ... wpfvrf;vHk;avQmufNyD; awmif;pm;oGm;&r,f}}
xdktcg vifrdefusufu ...
]]q&meJY q&mr ... uRefawmf wpfckavmufajymyg&ap? reufjzefavmufqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY [dkeefe,fudk
a&mufavmufygNyD ... uRefawmfhtar&JhZmwdu aumh&efNrdKUrSm &Sdygw,f}}
zl;vifu ...
]]rif; tarbufu rif;&Jhbdk;bdk;u aumh&efNrdKUrSm emrnfBuD; "m;odkif;q&myJ ... igwdkYodxm;ygw,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]uRefawmfhrb
d awG uG,fvGefNyD;wJhaemuf uRefawmfhbdk;bdk;eJY wpfcgrSrawGYqHk&ao;ygbl; ... uRefawmfwdkY
rdom;pk&JhtjzpftysufawGudk uRefawmfhbdk;bdk;wdkY aoaocsmcsm jynfhjynfhpHkpHk odOD;rSmr[kwfygbl; ... tJ'D
taMumif;awGukv
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vdkufcJhr,fqdk&if uRefawmhftwGufvnf; tifrweftqifajyoGm;rSmyg ... q&mwdkYvnf; bdk;bdk;tdrfrSm oHk;av;
&ufavmuf tem;,lvdkY&ygw,f ... uRefawmfh bdk;bdk;eJY bGm;bGm;wkdYuvnf; q&mwdkYvmwmudkod&if odyfNyD;
0rf;om*kPf,lMurSmyg ... tJ'Duae zlusdK;e,fudkoGm;Muwmaygh ... c&D;Mum;rSm&SdwJh awmawmifa&ajrawG
vSnfhywfMunfhIomG ;&if aysmfp&maumif;wJh c&D;pOfBuD;jzpfoGm;rSmyg ... c&D;p&dwf twGufuawmh}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf ol\pum;udk acwrQ &yfwefYNyD;rS qufajymvdkuf\/
]]'Dvrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk;rSm uRefawmfwdkY&Jh tmrcHXmecJGawG&Sdygao;w,f ... olwdkYu wm0ef,lay;ygvdrfh
r,f ... 'DtwGufawmh pdwfrylMuygeJY ... }}
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aMumufGHUwkefvIyfaecJhonf/ nbufwGifyif tdyfrufqdk;rsm;rufNyD; a,mif,rf;atmf[pfrdonftxd aoG;av
acsmufcsm;aecJh&onf/
,ck zlusdK;e,fodkY c&D;xGufEkdifrnfhtpDtpOfrsm;udk Mum;odvkduf&aomtcg tvGefyif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ csufcsif;yif oabmwlvdkufawmh\/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufESifh vHk;0uif;a0;&ayawmhrnf/
&ufykcRefuvnf; zlusdK;e,fodkYoGm;&eftpDtpOfudk oabmwlvufcHvkdufaomtcg 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;
aysmfTifrIaMumifh atmf[pfqlnHoGm;Muawmh\/ vdefvdefESifhvifrdefusufwYrdk Sm taysmfqHk;vlrsm; jzpfaeMuawmh
onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
414
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkYxJ vHk;0raysmfTifqHk;olum; vifh[lcsHK;aywnf;/ c&D;pOfESifhywfouf aemiftvm;tvmrsm;udk

vifh[lcsHK;u awG;awmaerd\/
]]c&D;xGufr,fqk&d if zkusdK;e,fxuf awmawmifa&ajrom,mwJha'oawG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f ... tJ'D wjcm;
ae&mawGroGm;bJeJY 'D zkusdK;e,fudkrS aG;oGm;wmuawmh nDrav;vdev
f defudk nDav;vifrdefusufeYJ vufxyf
ay;csifwJhoabmyJ ... olwdkYtm;vHk; zkusdK;e,fukad &mufwmeJY olwdkYESpfa,muf&JhvufxyfyJGudk pDpOfMur,f
xifw,f ... 'gaMumifhom vifrdefusuf&hJ bdk;bdk;qD t&ifoGm;Muwmjzpf&r,f ... 'Dvdkqkd&if igu bmjzpfvkdY
vdkufIyfaeawmhrSmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ol\*dkPf;wlnDi,frsm; rxdef;Ekdifrodrf;Ekdif 0rf;omtm;&jzpfaeyHkudkjrif&aomf pdwfxJ0,f
roufromBuD; cHpm;aerdawmh\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkjzpfaom vefzm;wpfa,muf
aoqHk;cJh&onfrSm aeYyifrul;ao;aomaMumifhwnf;/ vefzm;aoqHk;rIudk rnfolurQ*krpdkufMubJ oHa,mZOf
enf;yg;pGm arhavsmhxm;Muavjcif;[k ,lBuHK;r&jzpfaeawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]'Dn igcdk;xGufoGm;awmhr,f ... olwdkYxJrSm [efaqmifNyD;vJ raecsifawmhbl;}} [k qHk;jzwfvkdufonf/
xdkYaemuf tm;vHk; c&D;pwifxGufMuawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm vlaumif;rsm;ESifh&ifaygifwef; vrf;avQmuf
Ekdifolr[kwfojzifh wjznf;jznf;aemufwGifusef&pfonf/ a&SUutkyfpkESifh uGma0;onfxuf uGma0;vmawmhonf/
a&SUtkyfpkESifhrsufjcnfjywfoGm;aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm ausmufwHk;wpfwHk;ay:wGifxkdifae&if; olYb0\txD;usef
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vdkuf&awmhonf/ avmifwufu ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... odyfyifyef;aeovm; ... uRefawmf apmifhNyD; ac:r,fav ... }}
]]at; ... igu twGif;tm;vHk;0r&Sdawmh rif;wdkYeJY trDrvdkufEdkifbl;uGm ... rif;udk odyfaus;Zl;wifwmyJ ... }}
]]tpfudkBuD; odyfrylygeJY ... q&mru uRefawmfhudk rSmvdkufw,f ... a&SUrSmjrif;vSnf;iSm;NyD; apmifhaer,fwJh
... tJ'Dtcgusawmh tpfukdBuD; jrif;vSnf;eJYvdkufaygh ... vrf;avQmuf&wmvdk ryifyef;awmhbl;aygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefw&m pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;rdawmhonf/ olYpdwfxJ a&&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]q&muawmh ighudk vHk;0taumif;rxifawmhayr,fh q&mruawmh ightay: oHa,mZOf&Sdae&Smwkef;ygvm;
... ightay:rSm om;wpfa,mufvdk oabmxm;wkef;yJ ... }}
rsm;rMumrDyif olwdkYESpfa,mufonf jrif;vSnf;ESifhapmifhaeonfhae&modkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;
taejzifh yifyef;BuD;pGmvrf;ravQmuf&awmh/ jrif;vSnf;ESifh oufawmifhoufom c&D;quf&awmhonf/
xdkc&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; vifh[lcsHK;em; avmifwuftNrJ&Sdaeayonf/ aeYcif;vnf; olYtem;rS wpfz0g;
rcGm? ntdyf&mwGifvnf; olESifh twlyiftdyfonf/ ESpf&uftwGif; avmifwufwpfa,muf rdrdtem; tNrJvdk
vdk&Sdaeojzifh rdrdtm; *kwpdkuf apmifha&Smufaejcif;omjzpfonf[k vifh[lcsHK;xifcJhrdonf/ odkYaomf tjzpfrSefudk
wwd,nwGif od&awmh\/
wwd,n ...
tarSmifysdK;ptcsdef ...
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\tdyf&mxuf rsufpdrSdwf oufawmifhoufomtem;,laepOf wdk;nif;aom pum;ajym
oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufrdawmhonf/ olyxrqHk;pwifMum;vdkuf&onfhtoH&SifrSm ol\*dkPf;wlnDi,fwpfa,muf
jzpfonfh pl;csDjzpfonf/ pl;csDu wHcg;em;wGifuyf avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh avmifwuftm;ar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkavmifwuf ... q&muar;vdkufw,f ... 'DuaeY tpfudkBuD;rSm b,fvdkxl;jcm;csuf&SdovJwJh ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
415
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf DT;ceJtoHMum;vdkuf&\/ toH\taetxm;t& pum;us,fus,frajym&ef avmifwufu EIwfydwf

avoHjzifh wm;jrpfvdkufjcif;jzpf[efwlonf/ csufcsif;yif ...
]]toHwdk;wdk;ajym ... vm ... tjyifusrS igrif;udkajymr,f ... tpfudkBuD; Mum;oGm;vdrfhr,f ... }}
pl;csDESifhavmifwufwdkY\ ajcudkzGeif; tjyifokdYxGufoGm;oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vdyfjymvGifhpOfrwwf acsmufcsm;wkefvIyfoGm;NyD; wpfudk,fvHk; at;pufawmifhwif;oGm;awmh
onf/ olYq&m\ r,HkouFmjzpfrIrSm tqHk;pGefodkYa&muf&SdaeNyDwnf;/ olYtm; vltapmifhcs apmifhMunfhckdif;onfh
tqifhodkY a&muf&SdaeayNyD/
avmifwufjyefvmaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf tdyf&mrSx aigufirf;Budrf;armif;&ef [efjyifvdkuf\/
odkYaomf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif ...
]]tif; ... 'Dudpu avmifwufeJY vHk;0rqdkifygbl;av? olYcrsm q&mhtrdefYt& aqmif&Gufae&wmyJ ... olYudk
igpdwfqdk;zdkYroifhbl;}} [k awG;vdkufrdonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ceJYNyHK;NyHK;&if; qufawG;rdonf/
]]q&mu ighudk txifrSm;w,f ... igbmraumif;rIrS rvkyfcJhbl; ... bmwpfckrS q&mhtay:aus;Zl;ruef;
cJhbl; ... [if; ... udk,faumif;&if acgif;raGUygbl; ... vlwpf&mavmufvTwfNyD; ighudk apmifhMunfhcdkif;vnf; igu
rwkefvIyfao;bl;}}
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pdwf"mwftwGuf tppftaq;cHEdkifoljzpfonf/ olonf tjcm;wpfzufrS pOf;pm;vdkufjyefonf/
]]q&mu ighudk wynfhwpfa,mufvdk oabmrxm;awmhbl; ... &efolwpfa,muf? olvQdKwpfa,mufvkyd J
oabmxm;aeawmh ig'DrSmqufaevnf; bmrSt"dym,fr&Sdawmhbl; ... 'Dawmh igxGufoGm;wmyJ aumif;ygvdrfh
r,f ... aemufydkif; tjzpfrSefodoGm;vdkY q&m cGifhvTwfvTwf rvTwfvTwf ta&;rpdkufawmhbl;}}
trSefpifppftm;jzifh vdefvdefu vifrdefusuftay: arwm&SdoGm;onfhtcsdefup vifh[lcsHK;rSm vHk;0aysmfydkuf
jcif;r&Sdawmhacs/ xdkYaemuf olYtwGufaMumifh ol\tcspfqHk;*dkPf;wlnDav;vkkd aoqHk;oGm;cJhaomtcgwGifrl
ol\pdwfESvHk;0,f ydkxdcdkufaMuuJGoGm;cJh&onf/ ,ck olYq&mu olYudk rQr,HkouFmjzpfaeNyD[k odvdkuf&
onfhtcgwGifrlum; olY&ifwGif; Avm[if;vif;jzpfoGm;ouJhodkY cHpm;vkduf&awmh\/
xdkpOf jywif;ayguftjyifbufrS ajymvdkufonfh wdk;wdk;nif;nif;avoHuav;udk vifh[lcsHK;u Mum;jzpf
atmif Mum;vdkufayao;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;Mum;vdkuf&onfhtoHrSm ...
]]NidrfNidrfae? tpfudkBuD; ... ckwifay:uqif;aeNyD}} [lownf;/
vifh[lcsHK;\wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwkef,if,if jzpfaeawmhonf/ olY tawG;wpfck 0ifvmawmh\/
]]igomtcktcsdefxGufoGm;&if igwu,fyJ tjypfwpfckckusL;vGefvdkY xGufajy;wmvdkY q&mwdkYuxifawmhrSmyJ
... aumif;NyD ... igroGm;awmhbl; ... wrifoufoufayawNyD;aejyr,f? rif;wdkY ighudkbmvkyfMurvJqdkwm apmifh
Munfh&ao;wmaygh ... [if; ... vifh[lcsHK;wkdYu GJYNyDqkd rdk;ay:wufNyD; GJUjyr,fhaumifuG ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ckwifay:rS avQmqif;vdkufNyD;onfESifh wnf;cdkcef;rS pm;yJGxdk;uav;udk vSrf;ac:vdkufonf/
pm;yJGxdk;uav;a&mufvmaomtcg t&ufrsm;udk csufcsif;t,lcdkif;vdkufawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf rl;
vJonftxd t&ufrsm;udk aomufypfvkdufawmhonf/
av;&ufcefYMumaomtcg olwdkYtm;vHk; aumh&efNrdKYodkYa&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ vifrdefusufu olwpfa,muf
wnf; ol\bdk;bdk;tdrfokdY xGufcGmoGm;awmh\/ &ufykcReftrI;jyKaom 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;wkdYrSm wnf;cdkcef;
wpfckyif pcef;csaevdkufMuawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
416
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwkdYonf wnf;cdkcef;wGifwnf;cdkaeMupOf opfvGifawmufyaom t0wftpm;rsm;udk

a&G;cs,f0wfqifaeMuawmhonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;yif t0wfopftpm;opfjzifh waoG;warG;jzpfaeMu
awmh\/
olwdkYxJwGif vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,mufom THUrsm;ayusHaeonfh t0wftpm;rsm;udk 0wfqifxm;vsuf&Sdonf/
xddkYaMumifh vdefvdefu tusopfwpfxnfvmay;onf/ olrudk,fwdkifonfvnf; opfvGifvSyaom tusopf
wpfxnfudk0wfqif txl;wvnf tvSjyifxm;onfudk vifh[lcsHK;awGY&onf/
vifh[lcsHK;u avSmifajymifceJY&ef pdwful;vdkufonf/ okdYaomf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif ...
]]igu a,musfm;&ifhrBuD;vkyfaeNyD;awmhrS 'Davmufoabmxm;ao;&ovm;}} olYpdwfudkol jyefxdef;vdkufNyD;
...
]]nDrav; ... ightwGuf tusrvdkygbl;? igr0wfbl;? jyefom,loGm;awmh}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
vdefvdefrSm rnfokdYrQ wkdufwGef; r&awmhojzifh tusudk jyef,loGm;&awmh\/
rsm;rMumrDyif wnf;cdkcef;\wHcg;tjyifbufrS us,favmifvSaomtoHBuD;wpfckudk Mum;vdkufMu&awmh
onf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; <ua&mufvmwmudk tckrS usKyfwdkYBudKqdkEdkifwJhtwGuf cGifhvTwfyg ... }}
&ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwkdYonf auseyftm;&pGmNyHK;vdkufrdMuonf/ olwdkY\ESvHk;om; yDwdjzpfoGm;jcif;udk olwdkY
rsufESmay:&SdtNyHK;rsm;u azmfjyvdkufjcif;omjzpfawmh\/ odkif;avmu emrnfwpfvHk;ESifh&Sdaeaom a&T"m;&Sif
"m;odkif;q&mBuD;udk,fwkdif olwdkYtm; vma&mufBudKqdkjcif;onf olwdkY\*kPfj'yfudk xyfqifhwkd;jrifhay;vdkufonfh
oabmyifr[kwfygavm/
xdkYaMumifh olwdkYESpfa,mufuvnf; tcef;tjyifodkYxGuf BudKqdkvdkufMuonf/ odkif;q&mBuD; a&T"m;&Sif
0rfG,frSm toufckepfq,fausmfaeavNyD/ okdYaomf rsufESm aoG;a&mif&JwufaeNyD; usef;rma&;aumif;vSonf/
olYvufxJwGif aTvHk;ESpfvHk;udkudkifupm;&if;rS wnf;cdkcef;\{nfhcef;odkY 0ifvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ol\[efyefudk
Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh trSefwu,f csrf;om<u,f0olwpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; aumif;pGmodEdkifayonf/
aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fonf &ufykcRefudkawGYonfESifh tvGefyif0rf;omtm;& ayGYzufEIwfqufawmhonf/ &ufykcRef
u NyHK; cefYnm;&nfrGefaompum;rsm;jzifh *kPfjyKcsD;usL;pum; ajymMum;onf/
aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fuvnf; olYaemufwGif&yfaeaom olYom;ESpfa,muftm; ac: ...
]]0rfaygh ... 0rfcsHK; ... rif;wdkY&JY OD;av;eJYa':av;udk EIwfqufvdkufygOD;}} [k rdwfqufay;awmhonf/ xdktcg
0rfayghESifh 0rfcsHK;wdkYESpfa,mufonf &ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;tm; vma&mufEIwfqufMu\/
&ufykcRefuvnf; olYwynfhrsm;ESifh jyefvSefrdwfqufay;vdkuo
f nf/ xdkpOf aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fu vdefvdefudk
wpfcsufrQMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]nDav; &ufykcRef ... rif;&JhorD;u wu,fhudkcspfp&maumif;wmyJudk; ... tdrfaxmifbufaum &SmawGYNyD;NyD
vm;}}
&ufykcRefuvnf; NyHK;jy&if; ...
]]orD;ui,fygao;w,f ... aemufNyD; olu wpfaeukef"m;odkif;yJusifhaeawmh wpfyg;rdef;uav;awGvdk
tdrfaxmifxdef;odrf;rI vHk;0rwwfbl; ... 'Dawmh b,fa,musfm;av;u olYudkvmBudKufygawmhrvJ}} [k jyefajz
vdkufonf/
xdktcg aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fonf w[m;[m;ESifh &,faeawmh\/ NyD;rS ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
417
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nDav; ... rif;u ighajr;av;&Jhq&morm;qdkawmh igwkdYeJY aqGrsdK;om;csif;awGjzpfaeNyD ... {nfhonfvm

{nfhonfjyefqdkwmrsdK;awmhrjzpfbl; ... ightdrfrSm tenf;qHk; oHk;av;vavmufawmh aeoGm;&r,f ... }}
csufcsif;yif jrif;vSnf;rsm;pDpOfNyD; &ufykcRefESifhwuG *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk olYtdrfokdYac:oGm;awmh\/
olYtdrfBuD;rSm BuD;rm;cefYnm;vSonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;jzifh touf0ifvmawmhonf/
xdknwGif aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fu &ufykcRefwdkYudk BudKqdk*kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh npmpm;yJGjzifh wnfcif;{nfhcHonf/
xdk{nfhcHyJGudk aumh&efNrdKUrS emrnfBuD;yk*dKvfrsm;? *kPfoa&&Sdola|;BuD;rsm;tm;vHk;udkzdwfac: &ufykcRefESifh
rdwfqufay;onf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm a,musfm;{nfhonfrsm;wGif &ufykcRefNyD;onfESifh 'kwd,*kPftBuD;qHk;{nfhonfjzpf\/ okdYaomf
ol\tusrSm pkwfNyJaya&vsuf&SdaeNyD; ol\rsufvHk;rsm;vnf; vHk;0toufuif;rJhvsuf&Sdae\/ t&ufrl;orm;
wpfa,mufESifh wlaeawmh\/
wufa&mufvmonfh {nfhonfrsm;url tvGefw&mtHhMoMuonf/ okdYaomf odkif;orm;rsm; xl;qef;aom
tavhtxrsm;&Sdonfudk odxm;Muojzifh EIwfrS a0zefajymqdkjcif;rjyKMuay/
vifh[lcsHK;ESifh wpf0kdif;wnf;xkdifaeolrSm 0rf&G,f\om;BuD; 0rfayghjzpf\/ olu vifh[lcsHK;\ at;wd
at;puftrlt&mESifh rnfolYudkrQ ta&;rpdkufonfh[efyefudk awGY&aomtcg olYpdwfxJ atmifhoufouf
jzpfvmonf/ vifh[lcsHK;udk rausreyfjzpfvmonf/
trSefpifppftm;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm 0rfayghudk rauseyfjcif;? ta&;rpdkufjcif;r[kwfay/ vifrdefusufrSm
rif;om;av;wpfyg;ES,f 0wfpm;qif,ifxm;NyD; vdefvdefESifhtwl {nfhonfrsm;udk {nfhcHpum;ajymaeonfh
jrifuGif;rsm;aMumifh tvGeftae&txdkif& cufcJaejcif;jzpfawmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]nDrav;[m wu,fawmh vifrdefusufeYJ a&SUoGm;aemufvdkufnDwmyJ ... igu rsufESmrJG wpfaumif<uufyJ
... vifrdefusufvdk ola|;om;rsdK;eJY,SOfvdkufawmh igurjzpfpavmufuav; jzpfoGm;awmhwmaygh}} [k awG;vdkuf
rdonf/
0rfayghrSm vifh[lcsHK;u olYtm;ta&;rpdkub
f J apmfum;aeonf[k rSwf,laeojzifh olYpdwfxJwGif wpfpHkwpfck
vkyf&ef qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkuf\/
]]'Daumif ighudk'Dvdkvkyfawmh iguvnf; 'Daumifhudk jyeft&SufcJGrSyJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;tm; t&ufudkomzdwdkufawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rsmvnf; ,cktajctaewGif t&ufaomufjcif;om
olYtwGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfaeojzifh 0rfayghwkduforQt&ufrsm;udk wpfcGufrjiif; armhaomufaeawmh\/
aemufqHk; trl;vGefum pm;yJG0kdif;ay: xdk;tefawmhonf/
xdktcg vifh[lcsHK;ESihf wpf0dkif;wnf;xdkifaeolrsm;rSm tvefYwMum;a&SmifMuawmh\/ 0rfayghurl ol\
&nf&G,fcsuf atmifjrifaeNyDjzpf ceJYNyHK;NyHK;um Munfhaeawmh\/ &ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;rSmrl rsufarSmifukwfae
\/ vifrdefusufu vifh[lcsHK;tm; vma&mufwx
JG lum ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tcef;xJoGm;NyD; tem;,lvu
dk fMu&atmifaemf ... }}
[k ajymvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]ig rrl;ygbl;uGm ... rif;u nDrav;eJYtazmfrvkyfbJ bmjzpfvdkYighukv
d mwJG&wmvJ ... oGm; ... rif;{nfhcH&
r,fhae&m rif;jyefoGm; ... }}
avmifwufu avoHwdk;wkd;jzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
418
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefawmfwdkYoGm;NyD; tem;,lMu&atmif? 'DrSm vlawGrsm;ygw,f ... pum;odyfrajymeJYaemf}}

[k azsmif;zsonf/
avmifwuf\pum;udkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;u a'gojzifhatmfawmh\/
]]pum;odyfrajymeJYqdkawmh igubmawGrsm;avQmufajymaevdkYvJ ... q&mu rif;udkvTwfNyD; ighudkapmifhMunfh
cdkif;xm;w,fr[kwfvm; ... rif; ighqDu bmoufaotaxmuftxm;awG &SmawGYNyDvJ ... }}
avmifwufonf vifh[lcsHK;u t&ufrl;rl;ESifh twGif;pum;rsm; avQmufajymaernfudk pdk;&drfojzifh
vifrdefusufEiS fh ESpfa,mufSyfwJGvsuf tdyfcef;twGif;odkY twif;t"rac:aqmifvmMu&awmhonf/
&ufykcRefrSm vifh[lcsHK;\ ]q&murif;udkvTwfNyD; ighudkapmifhMunfhcdkif;xm;w,fr[kwfvm;} [lonfhpum;ukd
Mum;&aomtcg tvGefw&ma'goxGuo
f Gm;rdonf/ aT"m;Sif0rf&G,fonf &ufykcRefudk aumif;pGmtuJcwfrd
vdkufojzifh wpfcsuf&,farmvdkufum ...
]]nDav; ... olu t&ufrl;NyD;avQmufajymwmyJ ... ta&;pdkufraeprf;ygeJY ... vm ... vm t&ufaomufMu
pdkY}} [k ajymMum;ESpfodrfhvdkuf\/
&ufykcRefu tm;wif; NyHK;um ...
]]awmom;qdkawmhvnf; bmrSem;rvnf&Smbl; ... tm;emp&maumif;vdkufwm}} [k jyefvnfajymMum;vdkuf&
awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm aemufwpfaeY aeYvnfusrS t&ufrl;ajyoGm;onf/ olt&ufrl;pOfu ajymrdonfhpum;rsm;udk
olvHk;0rrSwfrdawmh/
&ufykcRefu avmifwufudk apmifhMunfhckdif;onfhudpESifhywfouf vifh[lcsHK;&dyfrdoGm;aMumif; odvkdufNyDjzpf
avmifwufudk vifh[lcsHK;tm; apmifhrMunfhcdkif;awmhay/ vifh[lcsHK;tdyf&mrS xvdkufonfhtcg tcef;xJ
rnfolwpfO;D wpfa,mufrQr&SdaMumif; awGYvdkuf&onf/ olu tdrfazmfwpfa,muftm; pHkprf;wD;acgufMunfhaom
tcg taemufbuf&Sd yef;NcHBuD;wGif aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fwkdY odkif;ynmzvS,faeaMumif; odvkduf&onf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJ ...
]]igolwdkYeJY oGm;a&maevdkYvnf; bmvkyfEdkifrSmvJ ... igwpfa,mufwnf; tjyifavQmufvnfwmu ydkaumif;
vdrfhOD;r,f}}
[k awG;vdkurf dojzifh NrdKUxJodkY wpfa,mufwnf; avQmufoGm;awmh\/
xdkokdYavQmufvnf&if; vrf;Mum;wpfck&Sd t&ufqdkifwGif awavMurf;ydk;rsm; t&ufaomufzJdkufaeonfudk
awGYvdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm xkdtkyfpkwGif;0if ygorQaiGESifh zJdkufawmhonf/ aemufqHk; arSmif&DysdK;onfh
tcsdefusrSom t&ufrl;rl;ESifh wnf;ckdonfhtdraf *[mBuD;odkY jyefvmcJhonf/
odkYjzifh oHk;&ufrQ upm;vdkuf? t&ufaomufvdkufjzifh awayaevdkufonf/ odkYaomf aemufwpfaeYwGifrl
uHraumif; taMumif;rvSojzifh &SdpkrJhpkaiGuav;tm;vHk; HI;oGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaemuf xdkMurf;ydk;awavrsm;ESifh
pum;rsm;&efjzpfawmh\/
,ciftcsdefrsm;u vifh[lcsHK;qkdvQif Murf;ydk;awavuav;rsm;udk rsufpdrSdwf tEkdifwkdufcdkufEdkifay
onf/ odkYaomf ,ckvifh[lcsHK;url twGif;tm;vHk;rxkwfEdkifHkrQru vufxJwGifvnf; "m;r&Sdojzifh rnfokdYrQ
jyefvSefrckcHEkid fawmhbJ Murf;ydk;awavtkyfpk\ 0dkif;0ef;xdk;Budwfru
I dk cHvkduf&awmhonf/ ol\wpfudk,fvHk;vnf;
zl;a,mifvsuf&SdaeayNyD/ twdkif;om quftxdk;cHae&ygu vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh toufygxGuo
f Gm;ayvdrfh
rnf/
xdkpOf jrif;cGmoHrsm; kwfw&ufMum;vdkuf&NyD; vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
419
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&yfvdkufMuprf; ... }}
xdktcg awavMurf;ydk;tm;vHk; xGufajy;oGm;Muawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm vJusae&mu jyefrxEdkifawmhay/
rdef;uav;toHwpfoHu ...
]][if ... vJaewm tpfudkBuD;ygvm; ... }}
vdefvdef\ toHyifjzpfawmhonf/
]]oGm;Munfhvdu
k fr,faemf ... }}
um; vifrdefusuf\ toHjzpf\/ vifrdefusufonf vifh[lcsHK;udk ayGYxlNyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... tpfudkBuD; ... b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ[if}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]bmrSrjzpfygbl;uGm ... t&ufrl;vGefoGm;wmyg ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufonf vifh[lcsHK;udkayGY jrif;ay:odkY wifvdkufonf/ ae&modkY a&muf&Sdvmolrsm;rSm
vifrdefusufEiS fh vdefvdefwdkY ESpfa,mufwnf;r[kwfacs/ aT"m;&Sif0rfG,f\ tdrfom;av;a,mufvnf; ygvmMu
onf/
olwdkYu 0gqef;*dkPf;\wynfhBuD;jzpfaom vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh uJhodkYaom Murf;ydk;awavrsm;\ txdk;
tBudwfcH&onftxd odik f;ynmnHhzsif;aeonfudk awGY&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;udk tvGeftxifao;oGm;Muawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm 0rfG,\
f tdrfokdYjyefa&mufNyD; aemufESpf&uftMumtem;,lvdkufrS 'Pf&moufomoGm;awmhonf/
&ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;onf vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf olwdkY\rsufESmudkrQraxmuf? Murf;ydk;awavrsm;ESifh
&efjzpf 'Pf&m&onf[kMum;od&aomtcg a'goxGufNyD; olYtm; vHk;0vmrMunfhMuawmhay/ &ufykcRefwdkY
vifr,m; a&mufrvmaomfvnf; ,aeYtzdkY a&T"m;&Sif0rf&G,f\om; 0rfcsHK;wpfa,mufawmh a&muf&SdvmcJhayNyD/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
420
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aT"m;&SiftdrfBuD;
0rfcsHK;u a&mufvQifa&mufcsif;yif vifh[lcsHK;tm; owif;pum;ajymMum;vdkufawmh\/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;twGuf usKyf 'DaeY [kd awavMurf;ydk;awGudk&SmNyD; aumif;aumif;qHk;rvdkufw,f ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xkdudprsdK;udk vHk;0trSwfxm;olr[kwfay? olu at;aq;pGmjzifh ...
]]ta&;rBuD;ygbl; ... usKyfu t&ufr;l aeawmh usKyf&JhtjypfygyJ}} [k jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkb,f[w
k frvJAsm? cifAsm;u usKyfwkdYa&T"m;&SiftdrfBuD;&Jh {nfhonfudk;As ... olwkdYu cifAsm;udkapmfum;
&if usKyfwdkYaT"m;&SiftdrfBuD;udk apmfum;wmeJY twlwlyJ ... usKyfwdkY&Jh{nfhonfukd apmfum;jcif;[m usKyfwkdYeJY
rqkdifbl;vdkY usKyfwkdYu rowfrSwfbl;Asm ... 'Dawmh usKyfwkdYu b,fvufydkufMunfhEdkifygawmhrvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif aT"m;&SiftdrfBuD;\ yumoetaqmifta,mifrsm;ESifh [dwfBuD;[efBuD;vkyfaerI
rsm;udk Munfhr&bJjzpfaeoljzpf 0rfcsHK;tm; aus;Zl;wifpum; vHk;0rajymay/ xdkYjyif ceJYNyHK; NyHK;&if; ...
]]tif; ... 'DMurf;ydk;awavawG[m aT"m;&SiftdrfBuD;eJYajcmufrS aMumufMuwmudk;}} [k ajymvkdufawmh\/
xdkpum;udkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg 0rfcsHK;\rsufESmrSm csufcsif;wif;rmoGm;NyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;&Jhpum;u bmoabmvJ}}
]]bmoabmrS r[kwfygbl;Asm ... cifAsm;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f ... }}
0rfcsHK;onf vifh[lcsHK;\wHkUjyefpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ceJYajymrSef;odvkduf ydka'goxGufvmNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;[m 0gqef;*dkPf;&JhwynfhBuD;yJ ... b,fhES,f 'Daumh&efNrdKUu awavMurf;ydk;awGudkawmif rwdkufckduf
Edkifbl;qdkawmh ... [if; ... cifAsm;&Jhemrnfu tvum;ygvm; ... cifAsm;bmawG emrnfausmfaewmygvdrfh}} [k
jyefceJYawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm emrnf*kPfudk vHk;0*krpdkufoljzpf ...
]]usKyfu e*dkuwnf;u emrnfr&SdwJhvlyJAsm ... 'DawavMurf;ydk;awGudk HI;vdkY? EdkifvkdY usKyftwGuf bmrS
ta&;rBuD;ygbl;}} [k jyefajymvdkufonf/
xdkpOf tcef;jyifrS aemufwpfa,muf xyf0ifvmjyefawmh\/ xdkolrSm 0rfaygh jzpfonf/ 0rfayghu ...
]]nDav; ... vifh[lcsHK;eJY bmawGajymaeMuovJ}}
0rfcsHK;rSm a'goxGufaeoljzpf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
421
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudk ... uRefawmfuapwemeJY olYudk,fpm; [kdMurf;ydk;awavawGudk oGm;qHk;ray;wm ... tJ'g olu uRef
awmhfudk aus;Zl;rwifwJhtjyif jyefawmifceJYaevdkufao;w,f}} [k wkdifwef;vdkufawmhonf/
0rfayghu ...
]]nDav; ... rif;rodbl; ... vifh[lcsHK;rSm odkif;ynmodyfawmfw,fvdkY nDrav;vdefvdefuajymjyw,f ...
[kdwpfaeY bk&m;ausmif;a[mif;xJrSm olu "m;wpfacsmif;xJeJY &efolq,fhig;a,muf&JhrsufvHk;awGudk xdk;azmuf
vkdufw,f qkdyJ ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... }}
ol\&,foHrSm oa&mf&,foHjzpfonf/ '@m&Dwpfckudk Mum;vdkuf&ouJhokdY r,HkMunfEdkifaom oabmudk
aqmifaeonf/ 0rfcsHK;uvnf; w[m;[m; vdu
k f&,fawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm olwdkY\oa&mf&,foHudk vHk;0a'gorxGufonfhjyif 'l;w,rf;,rf;jzifh w[D;[D; vdkuf&,f
aeayao;onf/ oluvnf; nDtpfudkESpfa,mufudk vHk;0ta&;rpdkufaMumif; taumif;qHk;wkHUjyefjyvdkufjcif;
jzpfawmh\/
0rfcsHK;rSmwu,fwrf;tm;jzifh olYtaz aT"m;&Sif0rfG,f\trdefYt& vifh[lcsHK;\ynmudk vma&mufwD;acguf
pHkprf;jcif;omjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u olwdkYtm; vHk;0av;pm;jcif;r&SdbJ rxDav;pm;vkyfaeonfudk awGY&aom
tcg rsm;pGmcHjyif;vmonf/ a'goxGufaeonfhavoHjzifh ajymvdu
k fonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;udk usKyfwpfckar;csifw,f}}
]]ar;yg ... }}
]]usKyftpfrwdkY aocgeD;wkef;u vifrdefusuftwGufrSmp&m&SdwmawG cifAsm;uwqifh rSmMum;cJhw,fqdkwm
[kwfovm; ... }}
]][kwfygw,f ... }}
]]'Dvdkqdk usKyftpfra,musfm; vifusefeef&Jh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfu b,frSmvJ ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf olYtm; apmfapmfum;um; ar;jref;vmonfh pum;udkMum;vdkuf&aomtcg csufcsif;xatmf
awmhonf/
]]bm ... ajym ... w,f ... }}
0rfcsHK;ESifh 0rfayghwdkYrSm vifh[lcsHK; kwfw&ufwkdufcdkufvmrnfudk aMumufojzifh aemufokdYwpfcsufqkwfvkduf
Muonf/ NyD;rS ...
]]usKyftpfra,musfm;rSm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtky&f Sdw,f? 'Dpmtkyfudk odkif;avmuom;awGxJu xdyfoD;odkif;
orm;wkdif;u vdkcsifwyfrufjzpfaeMuw,f ... tJ'Dpmtkyfudk usKyfa,mufzvifusefeefu olYom;vifrdefusufudk
ay;cdkif;rSmyJ ... cifAsm;u bmjzpfvdkY 'DaeYtxd 'Dpmtkyfudk xkwfray;&ao;wmvJ ... }}
pum;onf rdrd\ajzmifhrSefaom udk,fusifhodumudk twdtvif;apmfum;vdkufjcif;jzpf&m tom;wqwf
qwfwkefrQ a'goxGufvmrdonf/ okdYaomf tajctaet&yf&yfudk qifjcifpOf;pm;vdkufEdkifojzifh rdrd\a'goudk
xdef;odrf;vdu
k fNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wdkY tckvdkvmajymaeMuwm cifAsm;wdkYoabmeJY vmajymaewmvm; ... 'grSr[kwf cifAsm;wdkY&Jh
tazu apcdkif;vdu
k fvdkY vmajymaewmvm; ... }}
0rfcsHK;u ...
]]usKyfbmom usKyf avQmufar;Munfhwmyg ... bmvJ? 'Davmufta&;BuD;wJh odkif;pmtkyfeJYywfoufNyD;
usKyfwkdY rar;&bl;vm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
422
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aeygOD; ... usKyfar;prf;yg&apOD; ... vifrdefusufursm; ar;cdkif;vdkufwmvm; ... olu bmjzpfvdkY udk,fwdkif
rar;&wmvJ ... }}
0rfcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,farmvdkuf&if; ...
]]vifrdefusufu cifAsm;&Jh*dkPf;wlnDyJAs ... cifAsm;udk b,far;&JyghrvJ}} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
trSefpifppf vifrdefusufu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfESifhywfouf olwdkYtm; wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ xkwfazmf
ajymMum;cJhonfr[kwfay/ olwdkYu vifrdefusufu ar;cdkif;oa,mifa,mifoabmrsdK;a&mufatmif qJGajymae
Mujcif;jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ceJYNyHK; NyHK; ...
]]vifrdefusuftaeeJY usKyfudk bmrar;&Jp&m&SdovJAsm ... tckqdk&if olYaemufrSm cifAsm;wdkY a&T"m;&SiftdrfBuD;
&SdaeNyDyJ ... bmrsm;aMumufp&mvdkaeao;vdkYvJ ... olYudkygac:vmNyD; usKyfudk ppfar;MuayghAsm}} [k ajymvdkuf
awmhonf/
0rfcsHK;u ...
]]cifAsm;u usKyf&Jh{nfhonfyJ ... uJ ... 'Dawmh usKyfwdkYu b,fppfaq;&JyghrvJ ... usKyfwkdYtaeeJY odyfodcsif
vdkY ar;vdkuw
f myJ ... cifAsm;ajzcsifrSajzyg ... rajz&ifvnf; usKyfwdYu
k bmrSrwwfEdkifygbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u olYpum;udk vufcHonfhoabmjzifh acgif;ndwfjyum ...
]]aumif;w,f ... cifAsm;wdkYoabmxm;u &Sif;om;yJ? 'Dawmh usKyfuvnf; &Sif;&Sif;yJajymr,f ... usKyfbmrS
rajzcsifbl; ... uJ ... cifAsm;wdkYvnf; bmrSrwwfEdkifawmhbl; ... cifAsm;wdkY jyefxGufoGm;Muayawmh ... }}
xdktcg 0rfcsHK;wdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufrSm kwfw&uf bmjyefajym&rnfrSef; rodawmhbJjzpfoGm;Muonf/
xdkYaMumifh pum;vrf;aMumif; uref;uwef;ajymif;vdkuf&onf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;u "m;csufwpfcsufwnf;eJY vlq,fhig;a,muf&JhrsufvHk;udk xdk;azmufEdkifw,fqdk ...
'Davmufaumif;wJh"m;uGufrsdK; usKyfwkdYwpfoufrSm rBuHKzl;rMum;zl;bl;? {uE ... 'D"m;uGuf[m bDvl;rD;
"m;uGufjzpfr,fxifw,f}}
xdkpum;udMk um;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfudk,fvHk; acR;'D;'D;usvmawmhonf/ jrKyfuG,faeonfh tcsuf
wpfcsufudk uHtm;avsmfpGm olem;vnfoabmaygufcJh&acsNyD/ olawG;vdkufrdonfrSm ...
]]q&m ... q&mreJY igh*dkPf;wlnDtpfudkarmifESrawGu igolwdkYtoufudku,fwmudk aus;Zl;rwifwJhtjyif
ighudkoHo,jzpfaewJhudpudk igtpwkef;u vHk;0em;rvnfoabmraygufcJhbl; ... vufpowfawmh olwdkY[m
ighudk vifusefeef&Jh bDvl;rD;odkif;pmtkyfudk rawmfrw&m;ckd;,lNyD; tJ'DxJu"m;odkif;uGufawGudk cdk;NyD;avhusifh
xm;w,fvdkY xifaeMuwmudk; ... olwdkYu {u&mZfudk;uGuf&Jh "m;odkif;ynmudk awGYzl;MuwmrSr[kwfwm? aemuf
NyD; ightaeeJYuvnf; q&mbdk;bdk;&JhvQdKU0SufcsufBuD;udk vHk;0zGifhrajymEdkifjyefawmh vlwdkif;u ighudk 'Dvdk
xifMuawmhrSmyJ ... olrsm;awGxifwmu ta&;rBuD;bl; ... igh&Jhpdwf&if;oabm&if;udk rodMuvdkYxifMuwm ...
q&m? q&mreJY nDrav;wdkYuaum igeJYESpfaygif;'DavmuftMumBuD;aevmcJhMuwm ighudk 'DvdkxifzdkYroifhygbl; ...
[if; ... ighudk r,HkMubl;wJh ... wu,fyJ txifao;Muwmudk; ... }}
odkYpOf;pm;vdkufrdaomtcg ol\rsufESm a'goaMumifh wif;rmcufxefonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm;
jzpfay:vmawmhonf/ xdktcg 0rfcsHK;u tm;&0rf;omaomavoHjzifh tckdiftrmxyf ajymawmh\/
]]b,fhES,fvJ ... usKyfajymwm rSefw,fr[kwfvm; ... usKyfu 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudk MunfhcsifvdkY
ajymaewmr[kwfygbl; ... 'Dpmtkyf&Jhydkif&Sifuawmh vifrdefusufygyJ ... olYvufxJudk jyefay;&rSmyg ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
423
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]usKyfqDrSmr&SdvdkY usKyfu 'Davmufajymaewmawmif cifAsm;wdkYu ajymavuJavqdkwmvdk jzpfaeMuwmudk;

... uJ cifAsm;wd,
kY Hkatmif usKyfu b,fvdkvkyfjy&rSmvJ}} [k jyefar;vdkuf\/
0rfcsHK;u ...
]]usKyfwkdY nDtpfudku cifAsm;&Jhu,
dk fay:rSm &SmMunfhr,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ceJYNyHK; NyHK; jyefar;vkdufonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYu usKyfudk olcdk;wpfa,mufvdkoabmxm;NyD; &SmMuazGMur,fqdkwJh oabmaygh [kwfvm; ... }}
0rfcsHK;u NyHK;&,f&if; ysmysmovJ jyefajymonf/
]]'DvkdoabmrsdK; r[kwf&ygbl;Asm ... 'gayr,fh cifAsm;qDrSmom bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfr&Sdbl;qdk&if cifAsm;
u bmjzpfvdkY usKyfwdkY&SmrSmudkaMumuf&wmvJ ... r&Sd&ifraMumufeJYayghAsm? dk;om;oefYpifwJhol[m tppfaq;cHEdkif
&r,fr[kwfvm; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]aumif;NyD ... cifAsm;wdkYtck vifrdefusufeJY vdefvdefwdkYudkoGm;ac:vdkuf ... olwdkYudk oufaovkyfcdkif;NyD;
olwdkYa&SUrSm&SmMu ... }}
0rfcsHK;rSm tusOf;tusyfusoGm;awmhonf/ tu,f olu vifrdefusufwdkYudkoGm;ac:ygu 0rfaygh
wpfa,mufwnf;usef&pfcJhrnf/ xdktcg 0rfayghudk vifh[lcsHK;u wkdufcdkufrnfudkpdk;&drf&onf/ tu,f olwdkY
ESpfa,mufpvHk; oGm;ac:rnfqdkygu vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudk 0Sufcsdef&oGm;ayrnf/
xdkYaMumifh 0rfcsHK;u ...
]]&Smr,fqkd&ifvnf; tck&Smr,fAsm ... bmjzpfvkdYcifAsm;u qifajcqifvufay;ae&wmvJ ... cifAsm;rSm
'Dodkif;pmtkyf r&Sdbl;qkd&if t&SmcH0Hh&rSmaygh ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u olYtm; oufaorsm;jzifhr&SmorQumvywfvHk; vHk;0t&SmcHrnfr[kwfacs/ xdkYaMumifh olu
acgif;udkcg,rf;jy ...
]]cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,mufwnf;&SmzdkYudkawmh usKyfuvHk;0&SmcGifhray;ygbl; ... cifAsm;wdkYodyfNyD;&SmcsifaeMuw,f
qdk&if usKyfajymovdk vifrdefusufeJYvdefvdefwdkYudkom oGm;ac:vdkufyg}}
0rfcsHK;wdkYnt
D pfudkESpfa,muf\tjrifwGif vifh[lcsHK;u olt&SmcH&rnfhudp uwfuwfowfowfvkyfaejcif;
rSm trSefwu,f bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;pmtkyf&Sdaeomjzpfonf[k ,HkMunfoxuf,HkMunfvmMuonf/
xkdYaMumifh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyu
f dk vuf0,fydkifykdif&vdkaompdwfwdkYrSmvnf; rxdef;Edkifrodrf;Edkif jzpfvmMu
awmh\/
0rfcsHK;u 0rfayghudk rsuf&dyfwpfcsufjy&if; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;u tEkenf;eJYajymr&wJhvlqdkawmh tMurf;enf;udk oHk;&awmhrSmyJ ... }} [k ajymawmh
onf/
pum;qHk;onfESifh nDtpfudkESpfa,mufpvHk;u kwfw&uf Syf wkdufckdufvkdufMuawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm
olwdkYESpfa,muf 0ifvmyHkudkMunfhonfESifh rnfokdYckcHumuG,f&rnfudk aumif;pGmodjrifonf/ xdkYaMumifh ol\
vufudk wpfcsufrQvIyfvdkufonf/ okdYaomf olY twGif;tm;vHk;0r&Sdojzifh ol\vufrSmvnf; vHk;0tm;r&Sd
awmhay/
xdktcg 0rfcsHK;u vifh[lcsHK;\ nmvufwHawmifqpfudk jzKwfcsvdkuf\/ 0rfayghuvnf; vifh[lcsHK;\
b,fbuf vufarmif;&if;tqpfudk jzKwfcsvdkufjyefonf/
0rfcsHK;u owday;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
424
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkBuD; jrefjref&Sm ... }}

0rfayghonf vifh[lcsHK;\wpfudk,fvHk;udk ESHUESHYpyfpyf &SmazGvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\ tuswGif;rS pmtkyf
uav;wpftkyfudk kwfw&uf awGY&Sdvdkuf&awmhonf/ xkwf,lMunfhNyD; pmtkyfrSef;odonfESifh atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]awGYNyD ... awGYNyD ... a[m'DrmS bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;? bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf; ... }}
0rfcsHK;onf 0rfaygh\vufwGif;rS pmtkyfuav;udk vSrf;,l tzHk;udkvSefMunfhvdkuf\/ yxrpm&GufwGif
pmvHk;BuD;ESifh ]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH} [laom pmwef;udk a&;xdk;xm;aMumif; awGY&Sdvkduf&onf/
aemufwpfGuf xyfvSefMunfhvdkufaomtcg xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom oauFwrsm;udkawGY&ojzifh bDvl;rD;
"m;odkif;usrf;\ vQdKU0SuftrSwftom;rsm; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k,lqrdMuNyD; bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;tppf[k vHk;0
,HkMunfoGm;Muawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh 0rfayghenf;wl 0rfcsHK;uvnf; atmf[pfawmh\/
]]bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; ... bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; aocsmNyD}}
0rfayghu ...
]]uJ ... vm ... vm igwkdYtazqD oGm;jyMur,f ... }}
xdkolESpfa,mufwdkYonf yavGESifh BudK;wyfwl&d,mESpfrsdK;wdkY aygif;pyfwD;rIwf&aom aw;*Dwpmtkyfudk
bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;[krSwf,lvsuf tcef;wGif;rS xGufajy;oGm;Muawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm a'goaMumifh wudk,f
vHk; qwfqwfwkefaeonf/
okdYaomf csufcsif;yif olYpdwfudkajzvdkufNyD; pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
]]'DvlESpfa,mufu vli,fawGjzpfaeMuawmh bmrSem;rvnfbJjzpfaeMuwm ... olYtazuawmh touf
tG,fvnf;ri,fawmhbl; ... A[kokwvnf; enf;rSmr[kwfbl; ... awmfawmfMum aw;*DwpmtkyfrSef;odomG ;NyD;
ighudkvmawmif;yefrSmyJ ... }}
ol\vufESpfzufpvHk;rSm vufqpfrsm; tjzKwfcHxm;&ojzifh tvGefemusifaeonf/ olonf ajrBuD;ay:
wGif vJavsmif;&if; xyfrHpOf;pm;aerdjyefonf/
]]ighrSm twGif;tm;vnf; r&Sdawmhbl; ... vrf;ay:uvlawGudkawmif ig ckcHEdkifawmhrSmr[kwfbl; ... igawmh
'kudwjzpfaeNyD ... 'kudwb0eJY 'DavmuBuD;rSm qufNyD;touf&SifaevdkY bmtusdK;&SdawmhrSmvJ ... }}
xdkpOf 0rfcsHK;wdkYnDtpfudk jyefajy;vmonf/
0rfcsHK;u ...
]]cifAsm; usKyftazeJY vdkufawGYyg ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u atmfvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;tazu usKyfudkvmrawmif;yefrjcif; usKyf'Dae&mu wpfz0g;ra&TUbl; ... }}
0rfcsHK;wkdYnt
D pfudkrSm jyufvHk;wpfcu
k dkMum;vdkuf&ouJhodkY w[m;[m;&,farmvdkufMu\/
]]usKyftazu cifAsm;vdkolcdk;wpfa,mufudk awmif;yef&r,f [kwfvm; ... wu,fhudk &,fp&mpum;awGvm
ajymaeawmhwmudk; ... }}
olwdkYESpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;\tuscg;udkqJGr olwdkYzcif aT"m;&Sif0rfG,f&Sd&modkY ac:aqmifoGm;Muawmh
\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm tpG,frJh tqdyfrJhb0odkY a&mufae&NyDjzpf&m rnfokdYrQ wGef;vSefckcHEdkifjcif;r&SdawmhbJ olwkdYac:
aqmif&modkY vku
d fygoGm;&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u Murf;wrf;aom pum;rsm;udkoHk;um atmf[pfHIUcsaeawmh\/
]]'gu cifAsm;wdkYaT"m;&SiftdrfBuD;&Jh qufqHenf;eJYwlw,f? 'Davmufawmif atmufwef;usNyD; ,kwfrmwJh
qufqHenf;awG cifAsm;wdkY enf;enf;rS r&SufMubl;vm; ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
425
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfcsHK;u vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESmudkjzwfdkufvdkuf&m vifh[lcsHK;\ESmacgif;rS aoG;rsm;jzmusvmawmh\/ odkYaomf

vifh[lcsHK;\yg;pyfudk vHk;0ydwfoGm;atmifawmh olwdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufpvHk; rwwfEdkifMuacs/
aemufq;Hk olwdkYtm;vHk; taemufbufcef;rBuD;xJokdY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ cef;rBuD;xJ &ufykcRefwdkY
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufwkdYonf tdrf&Sif0rfG,fESifhtwlxdkifvsuf olwdkYtm; apmifhMunfhaeaMumif;awGYvdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf 0rfG,fudkawGYvdkufonfESifh ...
]]aT"m;&SifBuD;&JhqufqHa&;u w,faumif;ygvm; ... usKyfudkb,fvkv
d kyfxm;w,fqdkwm Munfhprf;ygOD; ...
odkif;avmurSm emrnfBuD;wpfvHk;,lxm;NyD; 'Davmuf,kwfrmwJhvlrsdK; usKyfjzifh wpfa,mufrSrawGYzl;ao;bl; ...}}
&ufykcRef\rsufESm kwfjcnf;wif;rmoGm;NyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;yg;pyf ydwfxm;prf; ... }}
[k atmfvdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm olYq&m\ atmfaigufoHudkMum;vdkuf&onfhtcgrS olYpum;rsm;udk &yfqkdif;ypfvkdufonf/
odkYaomf aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fudkMunfhaeonfh rsufvHk;rsm;url rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;ES,f w&Sdef;&Sdef; xaeawmh\//
tajctae tcsdeftcgt& wpfcgwpf&H rsufvHk;rsm;onf a'go\yg;pyfaygufrsm; jzpfoGm;wwfonf r[kwfyg
avm/
0rfG,furl at;aq;wnfNidrfpGmjzifh aw;*Dwpmtkyfav;udk ajrmufum ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudk rif;b,fu&wmvJ rSefrSefajymprf; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm w[m;[m;&,farmawmhonf/ olY&,foHrSm &Snfvsm;vSojzifh wpfnvHk;wpfaeYvHk; quf
&,faeawmhrnfvm;[k xifrSwfae&ayonf/ &ufykcRefu a'gojzifh atmf[pfwm;jrpfvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... vlBuD;uar;aewmudk trSeftwdkif;ajzvdkufygvm; ... bmjzpfvdkY 'DvdkrxDav;pm; &,fae&
ovJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]q&m ... uRefawmfhrSm twGif;'Pf&mawG&xm;wJhtcsdefrsdK;rSm [kdESpfa,muf uRefawmfhtay:qufqHoGm;yHk
MunfhygOD; ... 'gu tdrf&Sifu {nfhonfudkqufqHMuwJh "avhxHk;pHvm;}}
0rfcsHK;u 0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]wu,fvdkY {nfhonfu rdwfaqGppfrdwfaqGrSefqdk&if usKyfwdkYu 'Dvdkb,fqufqHyghrvJ ... tck cifAsm;u
olrsm;&Jhypnf;udk Mum;jzwfNyD; olcdk;usifholcdk;BuH BuHvmwJh{nfhonfyJ ... {nfhonfaumif;rSr[kwfwm ... 'Dvdk
vlrsdK;udk usKyfwkdY aT"m;&Siftdrfom;awGu b,fvdkrS {nfhonfvdkY rowfrSwfEdkifbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,fvsuf ...
]]cifAsm;wdkYom;tzawGu 'Dpmtkyfudk bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyv
f dkY wzGzGajymaeMuw,f ... usKyfar;prf;yg&ap
... cifAsm;wdkY bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudka&m jrifzl;Mu&Jhvm; ... bmjzpfvdkY 'Dpmtkyfudk bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;pmtkyf
vdkY wyftyfaocsmajymEdkif&wmvJ ... }}
0rfcsHK;u ...
]]'Dpmtkyfukd cifAsm;&Jhudk,fay:u&SmawGYw,f ... aemufNyD; q&mBuD;&ufykcRefuvnf; 'DpmtkyfrsdK; 0gqef;
*dkPf;rSmr&Sdbl;vdakY jymw,f ... uJ ... 'DpmtkyfrS bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;pmtkyfr[kwf&if b,fpmtkyfu bDvl;rD;
"m;odkif;usrf;jzpfawmhrSmvJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm [m;wkduf&,farmaeawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
426
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]cifAsm;wdkY bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyv
f dkY tcdkiftrmajymaeMuawmhrS usKyfuvnf;rjiif;awmhygbl; ... bDvl;rD;
"m;odkif;usrf;pmtkyfvdkYyJ owfrSwfvdkufygr,f ... cifAsm;wdkYaT"m;&Siftdrfu tdrfom;awGtm;vHk; 'DpmtkyfxJu
yHkpHawGtwdkif;avhusifhNyD; odkif;avmurSm tawmfqHk;"m;odkif;ynm&SifBuD;awGjzpfygapvdkY qkawmif;vdkufygw,f
... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... }}
aT"m;&Sif0r&G,fu ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... ighom;axG;u rif;udkapmfum;rdwmudk pdwfr&SdygeJY ... rif;u tck 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudk jyefxkwf
ay;vdkufNyDqdkawmh igwkdYu rif;tay:rSm bmrStjypfr,lawmhygbl; ... tckyJ igu rif;&JhvufawG&Jh tqpfawG
jyefwnfhay;vdkufyghr,f ... }}
Ajymajymqdkqdk vifh[lcsHK;xHokdY avQmufvmonf/ okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;u aemufokdYckefqkwfoGm;NyD; jyefatmf
vdkufonf/
]]rvdkygbl;Asm ... usKyfudkapmfum;NyD;wJv
h lawG&Jh tjyKtpkudk usKyfrvdkcsifbl; ... }}
olu olYq&mr zl;vifa&SUodkY avQmufoGm;NyD; ...
]]q&mr ... uRefawmfhvuf ... }}
zl;vifu oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsufcsum vifh[lcsHK;\ tqpfjyKwfoGm;aomvufrsm;udk jyefqufay;vdkuf
onf/ xdkokdY vufudkqufay;aepOf vifh[lcsHK;u at;at;oufomyif &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
]]q&mr ... 'DvlawG l;aeNyDeJYwlwmyJ ... 'Dpmtkyf[m yavGeJYBudK;wyfwl&d,mESpfckeJYrIwf&wJh aw;*Dwpmtkyf
yg ... olwdkYu 'gudk bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;pmtkyfvdkY twif;jiif;aeMuw,f ... &,fp&mraumif;bl;vm; ... }}
csufcsif;vdv
k dkyif zl;vifonf 0rfG,fbufodkYvSnfh ...
]]q&mBuD;0rf&G,f ... uRefru aw;*DweJYywfoufvkdYawmh odyfem;rvnfygbl; ... 'gayr,fh 'Dpmtkyfu
odkif;usrf;eJYrwlwmawmhtrSefyJ ... q&mBuD;wdkY&Jh a*[mBuD;xJrSm yavGwdkY? BudK;wyfwl&d,mwdkY wD;rIwfwwfwJhvl
wpfa,mufwavr&Sdbl;vm; ... &Sd&if tJ'Dvludk ac:ar;cdkif;vdkuf&if tajzrSefudkod&rSmyJ}} [k ajymvdkufavawmh
\/
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tdrf&Sif0rfG,frSm pdwf"mwfrwnfrNidrf jzpfoGm;awmh\/ pmtkyfom
aw;*Dwpmtkyf trSefjzpfaeygu olYtzdkY BuD;pGmaomt&Sufudk &ayawmhrnf/
0rfayghrSm tcsufudk rpOf;pm;acs/ olu ...
]]taz ... uRefawmfwdkY&JhaiGudkifBuD; &DpD;u yavGaumif;aumif;rIww
f wfwmyJ ... olYudkac:NyD; prf;ckdif;Munfh
ygvm; ... 'gu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;tppfyg ... b,fu aw;*Dwpmtkyfjzpf&rSmvJ ... }}
0rfG,frSm olYom;u rqifrjcifajymvkdufaomtcg rnfokdYrQrwwfEdkifawmhbJ aiGudkifBuD;&DpD;udk ac:cdkif;
vdkuf&awmh\/ rsm;rMumrDyif ydefydefyg;yg;tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf a&muf&Sdvm\/
0rfG,fu ...
]]&DpD; ... rif;'DpmtkyfudkMunfhprf; ... 'g[m omrefaw;*Dwpmtkyfvm; ... rif;tjrifudkajym ... }}
&DpD;u pmtkyfudk aoaocsmcsmvSefavSmMunfhNyD; acgif;cgjyonf/
]]uRefawmfawmh odyfem;rvnfbl; ... }}
olu aemufxyf pmGufoHk;av;GufcefY xyfrHvSefavSmMunfhNyD; yg;pyfrS aw;oGm;rsm;udk nnf;Munfhvdkuf
\/ b,fbufvufjzifhvnf; pm;yJGcHkudkaxmuf pnf;0g;vkdufaeonf/ kwfw&uf ol\acgif;udk cgvdkufum
]r[kwfao;bl;} [k olYbmomajymvdkufNyD; quf oDcsif;oHudk nnf;jyefonf/
csufcsif;yif toHukjd rifhvdkuf&m toHurvdkufEdkifawmhbJ tufuJGoGm;awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
427
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol\rsufarSmifonf tkyfqdk;pGmMuKwfoGm;NyD; ...

]]'g ... 'g ... uRefawmf em;rvnfbl;}} [kajymojzifh 0rfG,fu jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]&DpD; rif;vkyfaewmawGuawmh bmrSem;0ifyD,Hr&Sdbl; ... igar;wmudkomajymprf; ... 'Daw;*Dwpmtkyf[m
wpfrsdK;wpfzHkawmh xl;jcm;aew,f r[kwfvm; ... }}
xdktcg &Dp;D u ...
]][kwfw,f q&mBuD; ... 'Daw;*DwawG[m omrefoHpOfawGr[kwfbl; ... b,fvdkrSrIwfvdkYr&bl; ...
uRefawmf BudK;pm;NyD;rIwfMunfhwmygyJ ... rIwfvdkYr&bl; ... 'Davmufxl;jcm;aeawmh wjcm;b,folrSvnf; rIwf
EkdifrSmr[kwfbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ceJYNyHK; NyHK;
]]'DrSm &DpD; ... cifAsm;rrIwfwwfwmeJY b,folrSrrIwfEdkifb;l vdkYrajymygeJY ... 'Dvdkaw;*Dwwifr[kwb
f l; ...
wjcm;tvkyfawGrSmvnf; cifAsm;wdkY usKyfwkdY rvkyfEdkifwJhtvkyfawGudk wjcm;olawG uRrf;uRrf;usifusif vkyfae
Muwm wpfyBHk uD;ygyJ}} [k ajymvdkuf\/
&DpD;u acgif;ndwfjyum ...
]][kwfygw,f ... usKyfvnf;vufcHygw,f ... 'gayr,fh 'DavmuxJrSm a[m'Daw;*Dwudk wD;rIwfEdkifwJhvl
rsm;&Sd&if usKyfawmh wu,fhudk csD;usL;vdkYrqHk;bl; ... [kd NrdKUta&SUbuf}}
ol\pum;qHk;onftxd rapmifhawmhbJ 0rfG,fu Mum;rSjzwfar;vdkufonf/
]]&DpD; ... rif;qdkvdkwmu 'g[m omrefaw;*Dwr[kwfbl;aygh ... 'gyJ r[kwfvm; ... }}
&DpD;u ...
]][kwfygw,f q&mBuD; ... 'Dpmtkyfu odyfudkxl;qef;aewmyJ ... uRefawmfawmh b,fvdkrSrIwv
f dkYr&bl; ...
'gayr,fh [dkNrdKUta&SUydkif;u ... }}
zl;vifu 0kdif; axmufay;vdkufonf/
]]ajymyg ... [dk NrdKUta&SUydkif;uvlwpfa,mufawmh 'Dvdkaw;*DwrsdK;udk uRrf;uRrf;usifusif wD;wwfrIwfwwf
w,f [kwfovm; ... }}
&DpD;u ...
]]'Dvdkawmh taotcsm tmr rcH&Jbl; ... [kdNrdKUta&SYydkif;u 0g;HkawmrSm q&mBuD;vkusLqkdwm&Sdw,f ...
olu aw;*DweJYywfoufvdkYawmh emrnfausmfyk*dKvfBuD;ygyJ ... olu BudK;wyfwl&d,mawGvnf; wD;wwfw,f ...
yavGvnf; rIwfwwfw,f? olu uRefawmfhxuftrsm;BuD;awmfw,f ... oluawmh 'Daw;*DwpmtkyfukMd unfhNyD;
wD;rIwfwwfcsif wwfvdrfhr,f ... }}
xdktcg zl;vifu wufwuf<u<ujzifh ...
]]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefrwdkYtaeeJY 'Dpmtkyfudk tJ'Dq&mBuD;qDoGm;jyvkduf&if NyD;aewmyJ ... uRefrwdkYodcsifwJh
tajzudkod&rSmyJ}} [k ajymvkdufonf/
0rfG,fu acgif;cg ...
]]'D0g;Hkawmu q&mBuD;vkusLqdkwmu pdwfoabmxm;odyfqef;Mu,fwJhq&mBuD;yJ ... olu b,folYudkrS
ta&;pdkufwmr[kwfbl; ... olxif&molvkyfaewmyJ ... 'DvdkvlrsdK;&Jhpum;udk ,Hk&cufawmh olYoGm;jy&if b,f
twnf,lvdkYjzpfawmhrvJ}} [k jiif;qefonf/ olYtaejzifh okdYjiif;qefae&jcif;rSm pmtkyfi,fonf okdif;
usrf;r[kwfbJ aw;*DwpmtkyfjzpfoGm;rnfukd pkd;&drfaomaMumifhomjzpfayonf/ aw;*DwpmtkyfomjzpfoGm;ygu
olYrsufESmudk vlrsm;tm; rnfodkYjy&Jawmhrnfenf;/ olYrSm t&Sufaumif;aumif;&ayvdrfhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
428
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zl;vifu ...
]]q&mBuD;0rfG,f ... 'Dudpudk tjzpfrSefay:wJhtxd pHkprf;axmufvrS f;&rSmyJ ... vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; uRefrwdkY&Jh
wynfhyJ? vifrdefusufuvnf; uRefrwdkY&JhwynfhyJ ... uRefrwdkYu b,folYbufudkrS rsufESmomray;Edkifbl; ...
'gaMumifh uRefrwdkYtaeeJY q&mBuD;vkusLqDudk roGm;rjzpfoGm;oifhygw,f ... 'grS 'Dudp&JhtjzpfrSefudkodNyD;
aoaocsmcsm tqHk;tjzwfjyKEkdifrSmyg ... }}
wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;udk olckd;wpfa,mufuJhodkY qufqHaeonfudk zl;vif\pdwfxJ rcHcsdrcHom
jzpfaejcif;omjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsHK;udk zl;vifu aumif;pGm,HkMunfonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\ ,ckwavmjzpfysufae
onfh xl;qef;onfhtrlt&mrsm;aMumifh twdtvif; ulnDajymqdkay;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; olr\pdwfxJwGifrl
vifh[lcsHK;udk odkYpGyfpJGcH&jcif;rS uif;vGwfapcsifaeonf/
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu ...
]][kwfom;yJ ... usKyfwkdY 'DvlqDoGm;vdkY rrSm;Edkifygbl; ... txyfxyfppfaq;vdkY rSm;,Gif;w,fqdkwm r&Sdygbl;
... tck usKyfwdkYu tjzpfrSefudk odcsifaeMuw,f ... 'Dawmh 'D0g;Hkawmu tbdk;BuD;vkusLqDyJ oGm;Muwmaygh ...
a&aumif;a&oefYvdkcsifwJhvl[m acsmif;zsm;udk oGm;Mu&w,f r[kwv
f m;}} [k 0ifajymvdkuf\/
aT"m;&Sif0rfG,frSm rnfokdYrQjiif;qef&efrwwfEdkifawmhbJ vlodkuftm;vHk;udk jrif;vSnf;ESifhac: NrdKUta&SU
ydkif;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;&awmh\/
______
pmpOf (5) NyD;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
429
pmpOf (6)
pmpOf(6)
rmwdum
tceff;(36)
tcef;(37)
tcef;(38)
tcef;(39)
tcef;(40)
tcef;(41)
tcef;(42)
aT"m;&Sif tdrfBuD; rStquf

0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;
vlowform;awmf
thHbG,fig;a,muf
taumif;qHk;t&uf
aq;&SpfvHk;
a'0D*dkPf;csKyf
aoG;oGif;jcif;
harrylwin
harrylwin
harrylwin
harrylwin
harrylwin
nnnaing
nnnaing
nnnaing
scanned by NEO@mmcp
yxrtqifh wnf;jzwfol
'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol
tacsmowf wnf;jzwfol
hotrod
HarryLwin
sideeffect
432
438
448
451
469
483
500
508
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twefMumaomtcg olwdkYtm;vHk; 0g;HkawmodkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ NcH0if;wpfckvHk; avwdrf;&m ,drf;

Twfaeaom 0g;yifrsm;ESifh pdrf;pdkat;jraeawmh\/
olwdkYtm;vHk; NcH0if;xJodkY0ifvdkufonfESifh BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfck wD;cwfaeoHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
0g;Hkawmuav;\ at;csrf;rIrSm NcH0if;tjyifESifh wpfavmupDuJhoYdk jcm;em;aeonf/ NcHxJa&muf&Sdvmolrsm;
cHpm;vdkuf&onfh pdwfESvHk;at;csrf;rIrSm olwdkYwpfouf r&cJhbl;aom at;csrf;rIrsdK;jzpfawmhonf/
xdkpOf aw;*DwwD;cwfaeoH kwfw&uf &yfwefYoGm;NyD;aemuf vltdkwpfa,muf\ toHrSef; odomaom
toH wpfoHu ...
]]{nfhonfawmfBuD;awG <uvmMuwmudk;? bmudprsm; &SdvdkYygvJ}}
&DpD;u ...
]]q&mBuD; ... uRefawmfwdkYqDrSm tifrweftHhMop&maumif;vSwJh xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aw;*Dwpmtkyfwpftkyf
ygvmygw,f/ 'Dpmtkyfudk uRefawmfwdkY b,fvdkrS em;vnfoabmaygufjcif; r&SdMuygbl;? tJ'DpmtkyfeJYywf
oufNyD; q&mBuD;taeeJY tuJjzwfay;yg}}
xdktcg q&mBuD;vkusLu vG,fvG,fuluyl if vufcHvdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if usKyfMunfhay;yghr,f? txJudk ,lvmcJhyg}}
&DpD;u pmtkyf,l 0g;HkawmxJokdY 0ifoGm;awmh\/ pmtkyfudk ay;vdkuf[efwlonf/
txJrS vkusL\toHu ...
]]aumif;NyD? rif;&Jhpmtkyfudk 'DrSm csxm;vdkuf}}
&DpD;u ...
]]q&mBuD; 'Dpmtkyfu wu,fyJ aw;*Dwpmtkyf [kwfygovm;? odkif;pmtkyfrsm; jzpfaervm;rodbl;}}
xdktcg q&mBuD;vkusLrSm rnfokdYrQ xdef;odrf;csKyfwD;jcif;iSm rwwfEdkifawmhbJ w[m;[m; &,farmaeawmh
\/ ol\ tqHk;rowfEkdifaom &,fjcif;udk tifrwefBudK;pm; &yfqdkif;vdkuf&onf/ NyD;rS ...
]]bmuG ... okdif;ynmpmtkyf [kwfvm;? rif;rdkYvdkYxif&ufw,f? BuHBuHzefzefuGm ... [m; ... [m; ... [m; ...
'gu aw;*DwpmtkyfuG}}
xdktoHrsm;udk vifh[lcsHK;ESifhwuG tm;vHk;Mum;vdkufMu&m aT"m;&Sif0rfG,frSm tBuD;tus,f rsufESmysuf
awmhonf/ xdkpOf BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfck wD;cwfoH Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u txl;em;pGifh em;axmif
Munfhaomtcg trSefwu,fyif vQdKusufzkef;ESifh az;&efwdkY wD;rIwfcJhMuaom ]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH} aw;*Dw
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
432
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
yifjzpfaeawmh\/ aw;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh toufaoonftxd cifrifrIrSwfwdkif xloGm;Muonfh

rdwfaqGBuD;ESpOf D;udk rsufpdxJ0,f jrifa,mifvmrdawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm olwdkYESpfOD;udk ,ck rsufarSmuf
awGYjrifvdkuf&ouJhodkY jzpfoGm;NyD; pdwfESvHk;xdcdkufoGm;rdonf/
twefMum wD;cwfNyD;aomtcg BudK;wyfwl&d,m\toHrSm kwfw&uf jrifhwufoGm;NyD; pl;pl;&S&Sjzpfvmawmh
\/ aemufxyf toHwpfcsuf jrifhwufvdkufaomtcg ]xef;} ceJ wl&d,mBudK; jywfoGm;awmh\/
xdktcgvkusL\toHu ...
]][if ... 'Daw;*Dwpmtkyfu wpfrsdK;ygvm;? awmfawmfuav;xl;qef;wmyJ}}
xdkpum;udMk um;vdkuf&aom 0rfG,fwdkYom;tzwpfodkufrSm tvGeftm;wufoGm;Muonf/
xdkpOf vkusLu ...
]]ig 'DoHpOfawGudk yavGeJY prf;MunfhO;D r,f}}
xdkYaemuf ... yavGoHxGufay:vmawmh\/ tpyxr tawmfyifem;axmifaumif;vSonf/ odkYaomf
aemufydkif; a&mufvmavav apmapmu BudK;wyfwl&d,muJhodkY toHrSm jrifhwufpl;&SvmNyD; uJGtufvmjyefonf/
vkusLu oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]&DpD; ... 'Dpmtkyfudk 'DrSmcPxm;cJhyg? ig aoaocsmcsm avhvmMunfhcsifw,f? 'Dpmtkyfu odyfqef;Mu,f
aew,f}}
[k ajymvdkuf\/
&DpD;u ][kwfuJh} [kajymvsuf 0g;HkawmxJrS xGufvmawmh\/ tjyifodkYa&mufvmonfESifh 0rfcsHK;u
ar;vdkufonf/
]][kd ... odkif;pmtkyfaum}}
&DpD;u 0rfcsHK;ar;vdkufonfudk kwfw&uf oabmraygufbJ aMumifoGm;&mrS kwfjcnf;jyefem;vnfvdkuf
onf/ xdkYaMumifh
]]aMomf ... q&mBuD;vkusLu olYqDrSm cPxm;cJhygwJh? ol avhvmcsifvYw
dk Jh}}
0rfcsHK;u a'gowBuD; atmfawmh\/
]]b,fhES,f xm;ypfcJh&wmvJ? oGm; jrefjrefjyef,lvdkuf? 'g[m tifrweftzdk;wefwJh odkif;pmtkyf? olrsm;udk
'Dvdk ypvuwf avQmufay;xm;vdkY b,fjzpfrvJ? 'Dodkif;pmtkyfaMumifh vlawG toufaygif;trsm;BuD; ay;cJh&
NyD;NyD? oGm; ... jrefjrefjyef,l}}
&DpD;u aMumufaMumufvefYvefYjzifh ][kwf ... [kwfuJh} [k ajymvkdufpOfrSmyif twGif;bufrS vkusL\
toHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkufMu&ojzifh tm;vHk;em;pGifhvdkufrdMu\/
vkusLu ...
]]a':av;? b,fhE,
S fxGufvm&ovJ}}
tm;vHk; wtHhwMojzpfoGm;awmh\/
0rfG,fu avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ar;vdkuf\/
]]'D vkusLqdw
k Jhvlu toufb,favmuf&SdNyDvJ}}
&DpD;u ...
]]ckepfq,fausmufavmuf&SdNyD}}
tm;vHk;onf wpfOD;udkwpfOD;rajymrdMuaomfvnf; wlnDaomtawG;wpfckudk awG;aerdMuonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
433
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]ckepfq,fausmf tbdk;BuD;rSm a':av;qdkwm &Sdao;w,fqdkawmh 'DtbGm;BuD;[m toufwpf&meD;yg;awmh

&SdaeavmufNyD}}
xdkpOf rdef;rwpfa,muf\ pum;jyefajymoHukd Mum;vdkufMu&\/ xdkrdef;r\toHurl odyfrtdkvSaMumif;
cefYrSef;rdEdkifojzifh tm;vHk; xyfrHtHhMooGm;jyefawmh\/
vkusLu ...
]]a':av; ... a[m'D aw;*Dwpmtkyfudk Munfhprf;yg? awmfawmfuav;udk xl;qef;aewJhpmtkyfyJ}}
xdkrdef;r\ tmar#dwfoHwpfcsufudk Mum;vdkuf&NyD; rMumrDyif BudK;wyfwl&d,m wD;cwfoH xGufay:vmawmh
\/ apmapmu vkusLwD;cwfoGm;pOfu BudK;jywfoGm;onfh wl&d,mudk BudK;jyefqufNyD; toHdSae[efwlonf/
NyD;aemuf oDcsif;oH xGufay:vmawmhonf/
aw;oHrSm vkusLwD;cwfouJhokdYyif om,mNidrfhanmif;vSonf/ tpyxr taumif;yif/ aemufydkif;odkY
a&mufvmavav? toHjrifhwufvmavavjzpfvmNyD; BudK;jywfavrvm;? BudK;jywfavrvm;ESifh tm;vHk; onf;
xdwf&ifzdk jzpfaeMuawmh\/
odkYaomf tvGefpdk;&drf&onfh tcsdefa&mufwdkif; xdkrdef;ru aumif;rGefpGm wD;cwfausmfvTm; oGm;Edkifonfudk
odaeMurdonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\ 0rf;omrIrSm pmzJGY r&awmhay/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf ,ckaw;*DwoHonf [dk;wpfaeYu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;rS 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvfBuD; az;&ef
ESifh vQdKusufzkef; wD;cwfyHkESifh wpfax&mwnf; wlaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/
aw;oHrSm vGefpGm om,mNidrhaf nmif;vSNyD; El;nHhodrfarGYvSacsonf/
0rfG,f? &ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwdkYrSm aw;*DwESifhywfouf euef;wpfvk;H rQ em;rvnfMuaomfvnf; xdkrdef;r
\aw;oHu olwdkYtm; dIU,lzrf;pm;vsuf&SdaeayNyD/ olwdkYtm;vHk; xkdaw;oH ,pfrl;&Da0aeMuawmhonf/
tm;vHk; wkyfwkyfrvIyf? NidrfoufaeMuawmhonf/
xdkpOf avxJ vl;vGefYajy;vTm;wufvmaom yavGoHay:vmawmhonf/ yavGoHonf vltm;vHk;tm; awm
awmifBuD;wpfcktwGif;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;apNyD; aus;iSufom&umwkdY\ wGefjrnf&ifhusL;oHrsm;? prf;a&pD;oHrsm;?
avjynfavnif; wkdufcwfoHrsm;? opfudkif;opfGufwkdY\ vIyf&Sm;oHrsm; tp&Sdonfh toHrsdK;pHkwdkYukd rsufpdwGif;
em;wGif; Mum;a,mifjrifa,mif jzpfapawmhonf/
rnfrQ rifoufai;arm aerdMuonfrod/ kwfw&uf aw;oH&yfoGm;onfudkyif rodovdk jzpfaerdMuonf/
aemufrS tm;vHk;jyefvnfowd0ifvmMuawmhonf/
olwdkYtm;vHk;u yavGESifh BudK;wyfwl&d,mwdkY\ wD;rIwfoHonf olwdkYtm; rQtxd dIU,lzrf;pm;Edkifrnf
r[kwf[k rSwx
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zl;vifrSm oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum vdIuv
f JSaom toHjzifh
]]wu,faumif;wJh aw;oHygyJuG,f? igwkdYwpfoufrSm 'Dvdkaw;oHrsdK; wpfcgrS rMum;bl;cJhygbl;? vifh[lcsHK;
'D aw;oDcsif;&JUemrnfu bmwJhvJ}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH vdkY ac:ygw,fq&mr? 'DbGm;bGm;&JhvufoHuvnf; wu,fhudk csD;usL;p&m
aumif;wmyJudk;}}
zl;vifu ...
]]'Davmufaumif;wJh aw;oDcsif;rsdK;udk rif;vnf; tckrSMum;zl;wmeJYwlw,f? ighvkdaygh}}
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;cgjy&if; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
434
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][ifhtif; ... uRefawmf em;axmif&wm 'g[m yxrtBudrfr[kwfygbl;? uRefawmf t&ifwkef;u Mum;zl;NyD;

ygNyD? tJ'Dwkef;u wD;cwfwmu tckxufawmif ydkaumif;ao;w,f}}
[k ajzvdu
k f\/ zl;vifu ...
]][kwfyghrvm;uGm? 'DavmurSm 'DbGm;bGm;xuf ydkaumif;atmif wD;cwfEdkifr,fholrsm; &SdygOD;rvm;? rjzpf
Edkifbl;? rjzpfEdkifbl;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]&Sdygw,fq&mr? ydkNyD;awmfwm rawmfwmawmh uRefawmfvnf; odyfrodygbl;? 'gayr,fh tckxufydkNyD;
em;axmifaumif;wmawmh trSefygyJ? bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh uRefawmfem;axmifwkef;u 'DoDcsif;udk vlESpfa,muf
u wD;cwfMuwm? wpfa,mufu yavGrIwfw,f? aemufwpfa,mufu BudK;wyfwl&d,m wD;w,f}}
olYpum;rqHk;cifyif 0g;HkawmtwGif;rS vkusLudkajymvkdufonfh *Dwynm&SifbGm;bGm;\toHukd Mum;vdkuf&
awmhonf/
]]'DavmurSm 'DvdkvlESpfa,mufudk b,frSmoGm;&SmEdkifawmhrvJ [if}}
vkusLu ...
]]&DpD; ... 'Dpmtkyf[m aw;*DwpmtkyfyJ? tck a':av; wD;rIwfNyD;oGm;NyD? rif;jyef,loGm;ayawmh}}
&DpD;u ][kwfuJh} [kajym&if; 0g;HkawmwGif;odkY jyef0ifoGm;\/ olxGufvmaomtcg olYvufxJ pmtkyfyg
vmonf/ 0rfG,frSm ol\em;ESifh qwfqwfMum;vdkuf&NyDjzpf aw;*DwpmtkyfjzpfaMumif; taotcsmodvdkuf&
ayNyD/
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onf/
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vifh[lcsHK;tm; awmif;yefaeMuonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u jyefvnf oa&mfavSmifajymif&ef [efjyifvdkufaomfvnf; olYq&mrzl;vif\ acgif;,rf;jyjcif;
udk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg olYpdwfudk csKyfwD;vdkuf&awmhonf/
0rfG,fwdkYom;tzrSm t&Suf&oGm;MuNyDjzpf a&SUqHk;rS jyefoGm;Muonf/ &ufykcRefwdkYvlodkufu aemufrv
S dkuf
oGm;Mu\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl xdkaw;*Dwpmtkyfudkydkuf wpfa,mufwnf; ai;armaerdawmhonf/
xdkpOf zl;vifu ...
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]]uRefawmf 'Dem;rSmyJ cPaevdkufOD;r,f q&mr}}
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]][kwfuJh q&mr}}
zl;vifwt
kdY m;vHk; xGufcGmoGm;MuavNyD/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfa,mufwnf; pOf;pm;aerdawmhonf/
]]vQdKusufzkef;u txufvrf;*dkPf;? az;&efu atmufvrf;*dkPf;? 'Dokdif;q&mBuD;ESpaf ,muf[m a&eJYrD;vdkyJ?
'gayr,fh aw;*DweJY ywfoufvmawmh wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf ESvHk;om;csif; pum;ajymMuNyD; aemufqHk;
tcifrifqHk; rdwfaqGawGjzpfoGm;Muw,f? aocgeD;awmif vufwJGNyD;rS twlwl aovdkufMuw,f? ighrSmawmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
435
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
'DavmuBuD;xJrSm wpfaumif<uuf rsufESmrJGjzpfae&w,f? tazmfvHk;0r&Sdawmhb;l ? igh&JUaus;Zl;&Sif q&mu ighudk

txifvJGw,f? nDrav;u ighudkypfoGm;w,f? ightcspfqHk;nDav; vkdku ighaMumifh aooGm;&w,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vkdkaoqHk;&onfh tjzpftysufudk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg ,lBuHK;r& &ifemvSojzifh pdwfrxdef;Ekdif
awmhbJ wdIufdIuf idkrdawmhonf/
xdkpOf 0g;HkawmxJrS vkusL\toHu ...
]]'Du rdwfaqGav; bmjzpfvkdY idkae&wmvJuG,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;u qkdYeifhaom toHjzifh ...
]]uRefawmfhb0taMumif; jyefpOf;pm;rdwmuvnf; wpfaMumif;? 'Daw;oDcsif;udk a&;pyfcJhwJh q&mBuD;
ESpfa,muf uG,fvGefcJhwmudk pOf;pm;rdwmuvnf; wpfaMumif;aMumifh rsuf&nfusrdwmyg cifAsm}}
[kajym&if; tdrfjyef&ef vSnfhvdkufawmhonf/
vkusLu ...
]]rdwfaqGav; ... ig rif;eJY pum;ajymcsifygw,f? txJudk cPavmuf0ifcJhygvm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfcsuf tHhMooGm;\/ odkYaomf olYtaejzifh tdrfudkjyefcsifpdwf &SdvSonfr[kwfojzifh tavmf
awmfjzpfoGm;um 0g;HkawmtwGif;okdY 0ifvkdufrdawmhonf/ tcg 0g;pdrf;tdrfuav;wpfvHk;udk awGYvdkuf&awmh
\/ xdktdrfxJrS tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf xGufvmNyD; NyHK; ...
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vifh[lcsHK;u tbdk;BuD;vkusLtm; tdktaojyK&if; ...
]]uRefawmfu vifh[lcsHK;yg}} [k rdwfqufpum; qdkvdkufonf/
tcef;av;xJokdY a&mufaomtcg pm;yJGcHkay:wGif BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfckESifh yavGwpfacsmif; wifxm;onfudk
awGY&onf/
vifh[lcsHK; xkdifvdkufonfudk apmifhMunfhNyD; tbdk;BuD;vkusLu pwif ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;'Daw;*Dwpmtkyfukd b,fvdk&vmw,fqdkwm ajymjyEdkifr,fqdk&if igodyg&ap}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf tbdk;BuD;vkusL\pum;udk csufcsif;rajzacs/ acwrQ pOf;pm;aevdkufonf/
]]'Daw;*DwpmtkyfxJrSm vQdKU0SufZmwfvrf;awG ygaew,f? 'DZmwfvrf;awGudk q&mhawmif rajymcJhbl;?
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a':av;u aw;*DweJYywfoufNyD; tawmfuRrf;usifvdrmMuw,fqkw
d m ighudk,fawGYjzpfaeNyD? ightaeeJY 'Dpmtkyf
b,favmufMumMum xdef;odrf;xm;EdkifawmhrSmvJ? igudk,fwkdifu oufqdk;&Snfr,fhaumifrS r[kwfawmhwm?
'Dawmh 'Dpmtkyfudk olwdkYESpfa,mufudk vufaqmifay;vdkufwmyJ aumif;ygw,fav? aemif 'DvdkvlrsdK; &SmawGYzdkY
qkdwm rvG,fb;l }}
odkY pOf;pm;vkdufrdonfESifh ...
]]q&mBuD; ... 'Daw;*Dwudk a&;wJhvlESpfa,mufu wpfa,mufu BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk odyfuRrf;usifwJhvl?
wpfa,mufu yavGudk odyfuRrf;usifwJhvl? olwdkYESpfa,mufaygif;NyD; 'D ]odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH} udk a&;pyf
vdkufMuwmyg? olwdkYESpfa,muf[m ukodkvfuHtaMumif;rvScJhMuvdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; wpfcsdefwnf; wpfae&m
wnf; uG,fvGefoGm;cJhMuygw,f? olwdkYruG,fvGefcif 'Daw;*Dwpmtkyfukd uRefawmfhvufxJ tyfcJhwmyJ?
uRefawmfu oifhawmfw,fvdkY xifwJhvludk ay;urf;Ekdifygw,fvdkYvnf; rSmMum;xm;cJhMuygw,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
436
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf pum;udk acw&yfvdkufNyD;rS qufajymonf/

]]tck uRefawmfhtaeeJY q&mBuD;wdkY? bGm;bGm;wdkY[m aw;*DwrSm odyfudkuRrf;usifaerSef; odvkduf&ygNyD?
'Dawmh 'D aw;*Dwpmtkyfudk q&mBuD;eJY bGm;bGm;udk ay;tyfvdkufyghr,f}}
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f nf/ vkusLu
kwfw&uf vSrf;r,lbJ ...
]]aeOD; ... iga':av;udk t&if ar;MunfhvdkufOD;r,f}}
xdkpOf twGif;buftcef;rS bGm;bGm;\toHu xGufay:vmonf/
]]vifh[lcsHK;u apwemeJYay;wmudk uRefrwdkYjiif;y,fvdkY b,foifhavsmfrvJ? vifh[lcsHK; 'Daw;*Dwudk a&;wJh
q&mBuD;ESpfa,muf&Jhtrnfudk rod&bl;vm; ... }}
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\/
xdktcg bGm;bGm;xHrS ][if} ceJ tmar#dwfjyKvdkufoHudkMum;vdkuf&NyD; tvGeftHhMooGm;[efESifh ...
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]]bGm;bGm;u olwdkYESpfa,mufudk odvYv
dk m;}}
bGm;bGm;u kwfjcnf;jyefrajz/ twefMumrS ...
]]vQdKusufzkef;u csHK;qef;*dkPf;&Jh odkif;q&mBuD;? az;&efu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;&Jh 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvf ...? olwdkY
ESpfa,mufu &efolawmfBuD;awGy?J b,fhES,f 'DvdktHhrcef;aw;*DwrsdK;udk twlwla&;pyfEdkif&wmvJ ... tawmfhudk
tHhMop&m aumif;ygvm;}}
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uwnf;u xdkbGm;bGm;rSm tvGefw&m pdwfoabmxm; El;nHhodrfarGYNyD; oem;Muifemwwfaom bGm;bGm;
jzpf&rnf[k olYESvHk;om;rS tvdktavsmuf odem;vnfcJhavonf/ xdkYaMumifh olrtaejzifh rdrdtm; 'kua&muf
atmif vkyfvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k vHk;0,HkMunfpdwfcsae\/
okdYESifh olu vQdKusufzkef;\ vufaq;r*FvmaeYrS pwifjzpfysufcJhaom udptm;vHk;udk wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ
xdefcsefjcif;r&SdbJ tvHk;pHkzGifhajymjyvdkufawmh\/
tbdk;BuD;vkusLESifh xdkbGm;bGm;wkdYuvnf; wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ 0ifrpGufbJ NidrfoufpGm em;axmifaeMuawmh
\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
437
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;qHk;oGm;aomtcg bGm;bGm;u pum;wpfcGef;ar;onf/
]]igu aw;*DwpmtkyfvkYd ajym&JUom;eJY [dk0rfG,fqdkwJhvlu bmjzpfvkYd odkif;pmtkyfvdkY jiif;ae&wmvJ? rif;wdkY
tjyifrSm ajymaewmawGtm;vHk; igMum;&w,f}}
a&T"m;&Sif0rfG,frSm NrdKU tvGefemrnfausmfMum;oljzpf&m bGm;bGm;u aumif;pGmod&d[
S efwlonf/
xdkYaMumifh 0rfG,f\trnfudkwyf ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;u ZmwfaMumif;jyef vSef&jyefawmhonf/ okdYrSom bGm;bGm;taejzifh Zmwf&nfvnfoGm;rnf
r[kwfygvm;/ vifusefeefwdkY vifr,m;udk csif;csef*dkPf;ESifh ajrmufykdif;ukvm;tkyf rkaumif;zkef;wdkY ESdyfpufcJhyHkwdkYrS
pajymonf/
vifusefeefwdkYvifr,m; aoumeD; rdrdtm; trSmpum;yg;cJhyHkwYu
kd Zmwfvrf;tv,fom;jzpfonf/
a&T"m;&Sif0rfG,fwdkYom;tzu rdrdtm; r,HkouFmjzpfcJhyu
Hk dk ZmwftqHk;xm; ajymjyvdu
k fonf/
pum;xJwGif ol xdefcsefypfcJhaom pum;wpfckygonf/ olYcrsm &ifemvGef;vSojzifh tcsufwpfcsufudk
xdefcsefypfcJh&jcif; jzpfygonf/ bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf; rdrd,lxm;onf[k txifrSm;aeolrsm;xJwiG f rdrd\q&m
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vifh[lcsHK;\pum;qHk;oGm;onfESifh bGm;bGm;u ...
]]aMomf ... vufpowfawmh 'Dvdkudk;}}
olronf acwrQ pOf;pm;ae[efjzifh &yfaeNyD;rS qufajymvdkufonf/
]]'DudpawGtm;vHk;udk rif;&Jhq&mudk ajymjyvdkuf&if tm;vHk;NyD;jywfoGm;rSmyJ? rif;u udk,fhq&mudkawmh &Sif;
rjybJeJY ighvkd vlpdrf;wpfa,mufusrS bmjzpfvdkY vmajymjyae&wmvJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]uRefawmfvnf; rajymwwfawmhygbl;? tcktawmtwGif; uRefawmfcHpm;vdkuf&wJh 'kuokuawG
rsm;vGef;vdkY l;csifpdwfawmif aygufcJhrdygw,f? bGm;bGm;usawmh bGm;bGm;&JhvufoHudk Mum;NyD;wmeJY dkaoav;
pm;wJhpdwfay:cJhvdkY tckvdk zGifhajymcJhrdwmyg}}
bGm;bGm;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
438
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;&JhavoHudk em;axmif&wm tm;vHk;0r&SdovdkbJ? vli,fwpfa,muf&JavoHu 'Davmufwdk;NyD; wkef,if

aewmrsdK; rjzpfoifhbl;? tckwavm rif; jyif;jyif;xefxef zsm;emcJhovm;? 'grSr[kwf twGif;'Pf&m &cJh
vdkYvm;}}
]]uRefawmfzsm;vdkYckvdkjzpfaewmr[kwfygbl;? twGif;'Pf&m&cJhvYdk ckvdkjzpfaewmyg}}
xdkpOf bGm;bGm;u ...
]]vkusL ... 'Dvli,fudk ighjywif;aygufa&SUac:vmcJh ...? ig olY&JUvufaumuf0wfaoG;aMumudk prf;Munfrh ,f}}
tbkd;tdkvkusLu ...
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442
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xdef;csKyfNyD; vHk;0rajymawmhacs/
avmifwufurl olYtpfudkBuD;udk wpfcsufMunfh&if; ...
]]q&mruyg tpfudkBuD;udk rSmvdkufw,f? ypnf;awGudk xkyfydk;odrf;qnf;xm;vdkufwJh? 'grS eufjzefoGm;&if
tqifoifhjzpfaerSmwJh}} [k rSmMum;NyD; jyefxGufoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf uref;uwef;yif 0g;HkawmokdY ajy;rdawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]bGm;bGm; ... reufjzefus&if uRefawmf c&D;xGuf&awmhr,f}}
bGm;bGm;onf twefMum NidrfoufaeNyD;rS wdk;nif;aom avoHjzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
443
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Davmufawmif avm&ovm; ... rif;u 'Daw;wpfyk'fudkawmif oifvkdYrNyD;ao;bl;}}

]]uRefawmfvnf; roGm;csifao;bl; ... bGm;bGm;&,f ... 'gayr,fh q&mu trdefYay;vdkufw,fqdkawmh
uRefawmf roGm;csifvdkYvnf; r&awmhbl;? aemufNyD; uRefawmfwdkYu 'DrSm {nfhonftjzpfeJY vmaeMuwm? tMum
BuD;aevdkYvnf; raumif;bl;r[kwfvm;}}
bGm;bGm;u ...
]]at; ... 'gvnf; [kwfwmyJav}}
okdYESifh olronf vifh[lcsHK; wpfydkif;wpfpjzpfaeonfhaw;udk qufoifMum;ay;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm oHa,m
ZOf tvGefBuD;oljzpf\/ ,ck&ufrsm;twGif;0,f bGm;bGm;\rsufESmudk wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGYcJh&aomfvnf; rdrd
tay: tvGefMuifemvSonfh bGm;bGm;\avoHESifh pum;rsm;aMumifh bGm;bGm;udk tvGefw&m av;pm;cifrifaerd
awmhonf/ rdrdtay: Muifemoem;onfh pum;wpfvHk;vHk;udk ajymaerdonfhtcgwdkif; kwfw&uf owd&oGm;[ef
jzifh bGm;bGm;\pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;oGm;avh&Sdonfudkvnf; vifh[lcsHK; aumif;pGmowdxm;rdonf/
avmuwGif ,cifu vifh[lcsHK;udk tMuifemqHk;vlrsm;rSm &ufykcRefwdkYZeD;armifESH? vdefvdefESifh vkdkwdkY
av;a,mufjzpfMu\/ ,cktcg vkdkonf avmu r&Sdawmh/ aoqHk;oGm;cJh&NyD/ vdefvdef\tcspf ESvHk;om;
onfvnf; vifrdefusufxHodkY ajymif;vJa&muf&SdoGm;ayNyD/ &ufykcRefwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,mufuvnf; rdrdtay:
r,HkouFm &SdaeMuavNyD/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;\pdwfxJwGif owfrSwfxm;vdkufonfrSm ,ckrdrdtm; tMuifemqHk;vlESpfa,mufrSm
0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;ESifh tbdk;BuD; vkusLwdkY ESpfa,mufom jzpfonf[lyifwnf;/
xdkaeYnaeapmif;odkY a&mufaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;onf bGm;bGm;\tcef;jywif;aygufa&SUodkYoGm;NyD;
OD;csuefawmhvdkuf\/ vifh[lcsHK;tHhMooGm;onfrSm bGm;bGm;uvnf; rdrdtm; jyefvnfOD;csvdkufouJhodkY toHrsm;
udk Mum;vdkuf&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
bGm;bGm;u ...
]]vifh[lcsHK;? rif;roGm;cif ig rif;udk pum;vufaqmif wpfcGef; yg;vdkufcsifw,f}}
]][kwfuJh bGm;bGm; ajymyg? uRefawmf tNrJwrf;rSwfom;xm;yghr,f}}
bGm;bGm;qDrS pum;oHxGufrvm/ twefMumaomtcgrS
]]odkif;avmuBuD;[m tE&m,f ql;ajimifhcvkwfawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f? owdeJYoGm;vmyg}}
]][kwfuJh bGm;bGm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;\ &ifxJvnf; pdwfraumif;jcif;BuD;pGm jzpfae&awmhonf/ aemufqHk; vkusLtm; *g&0jyK
EIwfqufvdkufNyD; 0g;Hkawmudk ausmay;xGufcGmvmcJh&awmhonf/ ]twdwf} [laom aw;oHonf ol\aemuf
buf usef &pfchaJ om 0g;HkawmqDrS vGifhysHUa0h0J vmawmhonf/
aemufwpfaeYeHeufwGif &ufykcRefwdkYq&mwynfhtm;vHk;onf avSqdyfodkYoGm; ajrmufydkif;odkYc&D;quf&ef
avSBuD;wpfpif;tm; iSm;&rf;vdkufMuawmh\/ avSrxGufrD aT"m;&Sif0rfG,fwdkYu vma&mufEIwfqufMuonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaom ypnf;rsm;udkvnf; vufaqmiftjzpf ay;tyfMuonf/
0rfcsHK;wdkYnt
D pfudkESpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;\ vuftqpfrsm;udk jzKwfypfcJhonfh&ufrSp vifh[lcsHK;onf
aT"m;&Sif tdrfom;wpfOD;wpfa,mufESifhrQ vHk;0pum;rajymawmhay/ ,ck cJGcGmoGm;umeD;tcsdefwGifvnf; vHk;0
EIwfqufjcif; r&Sday/ om;tzrsm;udk vlYavmu vHk;0r&Sdonfhtvm; oabmxm;vdkufjcif;omjzpfonf/
&ufykcRefurl olYwynfhBuD;\ pdwfoabmxm;udk aumif;pGmodxm;oljzpf&m vifh[lcsHK;udk 0rfG,fwdkYom;tzESifh
twif;tusyf EIwfrqufcdik f;awmhay/ oluvnf; rodvdkufbmom aevdkufawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;url vufydkuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
444
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
at;wdat;puftMunfhjzifh Munfhaevdkufonf/ 0rfG,fwdkYu aowmBuD;i,f? txkyftBuD;tao;rsm;pGmjzifh

vufaqmifrsm; ay;tyfaeMuonf/ vdefvdeftwGufay;aom ypnf;rsm;um; trsm;qHk;yif jzpfawmhonf/ olwdkY
u vdefvdeftm; olwkdY\ acR;ravmif;ozG,f oabmxm;aeMuaMumif; xif&Sm;onf/ vdefvdefuvnf; 0rf;om
tm;& aus;Zl;wifpum;ajym&if; vufaqmifypnf;rsm;udk vufcHvdkufawmhonf/
avSqdyf odkYpnfpnfum;um;jzpfaeMupOf tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf avSqdyfodkY kwfw&ufa&muf&SdvmNyD; ...
]vifh[lcsHK;} [k atmfac:vdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf urf;ay:odkY vSrf;Munfhvdkufaomtcg 0g;HkawmrS tbdk;BuD;vkusL jzpfaeonfudk awGY&aom
tcg arQmfvifhrxm;rdojzifh tvGeftHhtm;oifhoGm;rdawmh\/
vkusLu ...
]]vifh[lcsHK;? a':av;u ighudk 'Dtxkyfay;cdkif;vdkufw,f}}
olu ajymajymqdkqdkESifh vifh[lcsHK;tm; txkyfwpfxkyf vSrf;ay;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u dkdkaoaojzifh
vufcH,lvdkufNyD; ...
]]q&mBuD;udk trsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}} [kajymNyD; tdktaoay;vdkufonf/
0rfG,fwdkYom;tzwodkufrSm vifh[lcsHK;u olwdkYuJhodkY *kPfj'yfBuD;rm;vSolrsm;udk vHk;0ta&;rpdkufbJ t0wf
tpm;a[mif;rsm;jzifh EGrf;yg;odrfi,fvSonfh tbdk;BuD;wpfa,mufudkrl dkdkaoao qufqHaeonfudk jrif&
aomtcg olwdkYtm; apmfum;jcif;jzpfonf[k rSwf,lvdkufMuNyD; usdwf a'goxGufaeMuawmh\/
xdkpOf tbdk;BuD;onf avSay:odkYxdk;wifxm;onfh ukef;aygifrS urf;ay:odkY jyefwufvmacsNyD/ 0rfcsHK;wdkY
nDtpfudkESpfa,mufonf wpfa,mufuw
dk pfa,muftcsufay;vdkufMuNyD; tbdk;BuD;udk b,fnm ESpfa,mufSyf
wkdufcsvdkufawmh\/ wpfa,mufcsif;wkdufvQifyif tbdk;BuD;taejzifh a&xJokdY taotcsmusayvdrfhrnf/
,ckuJhodkY ESpfa,mufu Syfyl;Syfydwf wkducf saomtcg tb,fqkdzG,f&m &SdaytHhawmhenf;/
a&u eufvSonfawmh r[kwfacs/ urf;pyfa&wdrfydkif;jzpf raoEdkif/ okdYaomf vifh[lcsHK;\t&Sufudkawmh
aumif;aumif; cJGEdkifayonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf 0rfcsHK;wdkYESpfa,muf\tjyKtrludkawGYvkduf&aomtcg xdwfvefY
wMum; atmf[pfrdawmhonf/
]]rvkyfeJY}}
olu 0rfcsHK;wdkYESpfa,mufudk wGef;ypf&ef BudK;pm;vkdufaomfvnf; olY twGif;tm;vHk;0r&Sdojzifh rnfokdYrQ
rwwfEdkifbJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ xdktcsdefwGif 0rfcsHK;wdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufu vkusL\cEmudk,fudk wdkufrdNyD;
jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
0rfG,fuvnf; ]rvkyfeJY} [k vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/ aT"m;&Sif 0rfG,fqkdonfrSm aumh&efNrdKU tdrfBuD;&cdkifESifh
txufwef;ususaeaom odkif;orm;rdom;pkjzpfonf/ omrefodkif;orm;rsm;ESifh rwlacs/ tu,f om;
ESpfa,mufaMumifh tbdk;BuD; aoqHk;oGm;vQif odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; tkwfatmfaomif;eif; jzpfoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
olu &ufykcRefESifh pum;pjrnfajymaecdkufjzpf olwm;jrpfvkdufonfrSmvnf; tcsdefrrDvdkuf? aemufusoGm;cJh&
onf/ xdkpOf ]zkef;} ceJ toHwpfcsufMum;vdkuf&NyD; a&xJodkY vl&dyfESpfckusoGm;um ]0kef;} ceJ ]0kef;} ceJ a&rsm;
pOfwufvmawmhonf/
a&xJokdY trSefwu,f vGifhpOfusoGm;olwdkYrSm 0rfcsHK;wdkY nDtpfudkESpfa,mufomwnf;/
olwdkYESpfa,mufu tbdk;BuD;tm; 0ifwdkufvdkufaomtcg tbdk;BuD; avrsm;tjynfh xdk;xm;ouJhodkY
jzpfaeojzifh olwdkYyif jyefuefxGufoGm;NyD; a&xJjyKwfus&jcif;jzpfawmh\/ tbdk;BuD;uawmh rnfodkYrQ xl;jcm;
csufr&SdbJ at;aq;pGmyif urf;ay:odYk wufoGm;awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
445
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfcsHK;wdkYnt
D pfudkESpfa,mufrSmrl acsmif;a& oHk;av;iHkpmrQ0rf;xJ0ifoGm;ojzifh tvGefyiftMunfh&qdk;atmif
HIUrJhaeMuawmh\/ a&xJ w0l;0l;w0g;0g; jzpfaeMuawmhonf/ tdrfazmfrsm;u csufcsif;q,fvdkufMu&onf/
om;ESpfa,muf urf;ay:okdYa&muf&SdvmrS 0rfG,frSm tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;&awmhonf/ tb,f
aMumifhqdkaomf olYom;ESpfa,mufpvHk;\ vufarmif;dk;tqpfrsm; jyKwfaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/ [dkaeYu olwdkYu
vifh[lcsHK;\ vufarmif;tqpfrsm;udk jzKwfxm;onfh yHkpHtwdkif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
tbkd;BuD;vkusLu rnfodkYrQvIyf&Sm;jcif;r&SdbJ vufarmif;dk;tqpfrsm; jzKwfypfvkdufonfudk awGYvdkuf&
ojzifh 0rf&G,f rQ xdwfvefYoGm;jcif;jzpf\/ xkdYjyif olYom;ESpfa,muf\ odkif;ynmrSmvnf; tawmfuav;
tqifhtwef;jrifhaeaMumif; olaumif;aumif; odxm;ayao;\/ olwdkYESpfa,mufu wpfuGufrQ rwdkufvdkuf&
ao;cif olwdkY\tqpfrsm; tjzKwfcHvdkuf&jcif; jzpfayonf/
0rfG,fonf tvsiftjref wGufcsufvdkuf\/ rdrdwpfa,mufwnf;ESifhawmh tbdk;BuD;udk tEdkif,lEdkifrnf
r[kwf/ tu,f &ufykcRefu 0ifa&mufulnDwkdufcdkufay;vQifvnf; rdrdtzdkYrsufESmyef;vSp&mr&Sd/ xdkokdY
wGufvdkufrdojzifh tbdk;BuD; ukef;ay:wufxGufcGmoGm;onfudkyif usdwfaus;Zl;wifrdawmhonf/ pdwfxJrl
tcH&cuf ae\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]'Dtbdk;BuD;u vifh[lcsHK;&JU taygif;toif;yJ? ighom;ESpfa,mufu vifh[lcsHK;&JhtqpfawGudk jzKwfypfcJhvdkY
olu tck jyefuvJhpm;acswmjzpf&r,f}} [k pOf;pm;vdu
k frd\/ olonf om;ESpfa,muf\tqpfrsm;udk jyefquf
ay;vdkufonf/
0rfG,fu &ufykcRefudk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;Munfhum ...
]]nDav; &ufykcRef ... 'Dvlu b,folvJ? igawmh cefYrSef;vdkYukd r&bl; ... }}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... [kdtbdk;BuD;u b,folvJ ... }}
]]q&m ... [kd0g;Hkawmu q&mBuD;vkusLav ... }}
&ufykcRefESifh 0rfG,fwkdYESpfa,mufpvHk; ][m} ceJjzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ [kdaeYu 0g;HkawmodkY a&mufcJhMuaomf
vnf; vkusLESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifrawGYcJhMuojzifh olwdkYu vkusLrSef;rodMujcif; jzpfawmhonf/
&ufykcRefu vifh[lcsHK;\vufrS txkyfudk vufdI;xdk;jyum ...
]]olu rif;udk bmawGay;vdkufwmvJ ... }} [k ar;vdkuf\/
]]uRefawmfvnf; rodbl;? zGifhMunfhOD;rSyJ ... }}
olu txkyfudk ajzvdkufaomtcg BudK;wyfwl&d,mwpfvHk;udk awGYvdkuf&awmhonf/ xdkYaemuf aw;*Dw
pmtkyf wpftkyfudkyg xyfrHawGU&Sd&onf/ xdkpmtkyf\ rsufESmzHk;wGif ]udk,fpdwfESvHk;at;&dyfzHk;} [l vSypGm
a&;om;xm;\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ][m} ceJ jzpfoGm;NyD; tvGef0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
&ufykcRefu olYudkpdkufMunfhum ...
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ ... }} [k ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]bmrSrjzpfygbl;q&m? 'Dq&mBuD;u uRefawmhfudk wl&d,mwpfvHk; vufaqmifay;Hkwifrubl;? uRefawmf
tifrwef ESpfoufaewJh aw;wpfyk'fudkyg ul;ay;vdkufvkdYyg ... }}
olu xkdpmtkyfudk vSefavSmMunfhaomtcg pmvHk;ao;ao; pdwfpdwfuav;rsm;ESifh vufuGuf*Dw oauFw
rsm; a&;qJGjyxm;onf/ pmGufrsm;rSmvnf; topfpufpufjzpfaeojzifh raeYnurS a&;ay;vdkufjcif;jzpfaMumif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
446
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xif&Sm;vSayonf/ 0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;onf olYtay: rQapwemxm;aMumif; awGU&Sd&aomtcg rsuf&nfrsm;

yif 0Jvmawmh\/
0rfG,fwdkYrSm odyfr,HkvSaomfvnf; olwdkYtaejzifh rnfodkYrQ ar;jref;ajymqdkEdkifcGifhr&Sdojzifh NidrfaeMuonf/
&ufykcRefurl ...
]]vkusLu vufpowfawmh odkif;ynm&SifBuD; wpfa,mufudk;? olb,f*dkPf;uvJqdkwm rif;odovm; ... }}
[k ar;vdkuf\/
ar;omar;vdu
k f&aomfvnf; vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh odvnf; ajymEdkifvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k wGufxm;NyD;jzpf\/
tbdk;BuD;\ odkif;ynm jrifhrm;vGef;om raeEdkifbJ ar;jref;vdkufjcif;jzpf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]uRefawmfu olYqDrSm aw;*Dw oGm;oifwmyg? olodkif;ynmwwfrSef;awmif rodygbl;q&m}}
xkdYaemuf 0rfG,fwdkYu &ufykcRefwdkYudk EIwfquf urf;ay:odkYjyefwufoGm;onf/ &ufyck RefwdkY\avSrSmvnf;
urf;rScGmawmhonf/ &ufykcRefonf twefMumavSOD;wGif&yfaeNyD;rS olYZeD;zl;vifxHokdYavQmufoGm;NyD; ...
]]nDrav;? [kd vkusLudk b,ftzJGYuvdkYxifovJ}} [k ar;vdkufawmh\/
pum;rSm olu olr\a,musfm;udk ar;&ef&nfG,fxm;aom pum;omjzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh csufcsif;yif
jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;uaum b,fvdkxifovJ}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]'Dtbdk;BuD;u vufrvIyf ajcrvIyfyJeJY 0rfcsHK;wdkYnDtpfudkESpfa,mufudk a&xJusatmifvkyfEdkifw,fqdkawmh
txufvrf;odkif;ynmawmh b,fenf;eJYrS r[kwfEdkifbl;? atmufvrf;odkif;ynmyJjzpf&r,f}}
]]olu vihf[cl sHHK;tay:awmh awmfawmfaumif;yHk&w,f? oHa,mZOfBuD;yHkvJ&w,f}}
]]igwkdY a&vrf;c&D;u oGm;wmjzpfayr,fh tm;vHk;owd0D&d,awmh tNrJxm;&r,f}}
]]tpfudkBuD;? &efolawG &SdEdkifvdkYvm;}}
&ufykcRefu acgif;udkcg,rf; ...
]]igwkdYrSm &efolawGu 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaewm? igwkdY&JU&efolawG[m b,folawGjzpfr,f? b,f*dkPf;ujzpfr,f?
bmrS aoaocsmcsmrod&bl;? [dk rsufESmzHk;pGyf vlq,fhig;a,mufuvnf; b,folawGrSef;rodbl;? &efolu
tarSmifxJuae igwdkYudk apmifhMunfhaeMuw,f? igwkdYu tvif;xJrSm? 'Dawmh igwkdYu ydkNyD; owd0D&d,xm;Mu&
r,f}}
&ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;onf a&vrf;c&D;oGm;aeMujcif;jzpfaomfvnf; olwdkY\wynfhrsm; owd0D&d,&Sdap&ef
tNrJrjywf vIHYaqmfowday;aeonf/ okdYaomf c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; rnfodkYrQ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; rjzpfyGm;cJhacs/
aumh&efNrdKUESifhvnf; a0;onfxufa0;uGmcJhMuavNyD/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
447
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vlowform;awmf
xdkYaMumifh tm;vHk;vdkvdk pdwfat;oGm;Muawmhonf/ odkYjzifh ckdif;zkef;NrdKYodkY qdkufa&mufvmMuawmh\/
&ufykcRefonf vGefpGmrS A[kokw<u,f0NyD; pepfusvSoljzpf&m cdkif;zkef;NrdKU&Sd emrnfBuD;odkif;q&mBuD;rsm;\
taMumif;udk wpfa,mufcsif; ajymjyaeawmh\/
xdkpOf zl;vifu NyHK; ...
]]ckdif;zkef;NrdKUrSm odyfemrnfBuD;wJh vlwpfa,muf&Sdaeao;w,fav? tpfudkBuD;u bmjzpfvdkY tJ'Dq&mBuD;udk
arhxm;&ovJ}} [k 0ifajymvdkuf\/
&ufykcRefonf pOf;pm;r&ojzifh awGa0aomrsufESmjzifh
]]b,fvdk? olu emrnfodyfBuD;w,f [kwfvm;}} [k jyefar;vdkuf\/
zl;vifu NyHK;&,f&if; tajzay;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;uvnf; 'DavmufemrnfBuD;aewJh yk*dKvfBuD;udk arhae&w,fvdkY? vlwpfa,mufudk ukay;NyD;&if
'Dhjyifvlwpfa,mufudk jyefowfcdkif;wm b,folvJ}}
xdktcgusrS &ufykcRefu oabmaygufoGm;awmh\/
]]aMomf ... [kwfom;yJ? igu vlowform;awmfBuD;udk arhaewmudk;? [kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f? 'Dvlu
emrnfodyfBuD;wm? 'gayr,fh igwkdYoGm;awGUvnf; olu igwkdYudk vufcHawGUqHkrSm r[kwfbl;}}
vdefvdefu wtHhwMojzifh ...
]]tar? bmjzpfvdkY 'DvlYudk vlowform;awmfBuD;vdkYac:&wmvJ[if? olu vlvnf;owfw,f? aq;vnf;
ukw,f? [kwfvm;}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
zl;vifu NyHK; &Sif;jyonf/
]]'Dorm;awmfBuD;&JU emrnfu ydef&dwJh? tJ'D\orm;awmfBuD;ydef&du odkif;avmurSm vlxl;vlqef;BuD;
wpfa,mufyJ? olY&JUaq;ynmu odyfxufjrufw,f? b,favmufcufcJwJh a&m*ga0'emjzpfygap? olu aysmuf
atmifukEdkiw
f ,f? 'gayr,fh MuufoD;xp&maumif;wJh tusifhwpfckawmh olYrSm&Sdaew,f/ olu bmajymovJ
qkdawmh ,rrif;BuD;u ao&r,fhvleJY &Sif&r,fhvludk csifhcsdefwGufcsufNyD; xm;wmwJh? ao&r,fhvlwpfa,mufudk
oluukovdkY &SifoGm;wJhtcgusawmh vl&SifawGbufrSm vlwpfa,mufwdk;oGm;w,fwJh/ olu aor,fhvlawGudk
'Dvdktrsm;BuD; ukay;ae&if ,rrif;BuD; wGufcsufxm;wmawGudk olu uysuf ,ysuf jzpfatmif vkyfovdk
jzpfaeNyD; ,rrif;BuD;eJY oleJY ycHk;csif;,SOfovdk jzpfaevdrfhr,fw?Jh tJ olaooGm;wJhtcgus&if ,rrif;BuD;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
448
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olYudk aumif;aumif;ESdyfpufrSm pdk;&drfw,fwJh? 'gaMumifh olu vlwpfa,mufudk ukNyD;wdkif; tJ'D tukcH&wJhvlu

wjcm;wpfa,mufudk jyefjyef owfay;&w,f}}
xdktcg tm;vHk;u w[m;[m;&,frdMuawmh\/
zl;vifu qufvuf ajymjyonf/
]]olu aq;rukcif aq;ukcH&wJhvlukd uwdwpfckawmif;w,f/ olYqDrSm ukr,fqkd&if olowfckdif;wJhvludk
owfay;&r,fvdkY? 'gaMumifh vlawGu olYudk vlowform;awmfvdkY ac:Muwmaygh}}
vdefvdefu ...
]]tar ... 'Dorm;awmfBuD;u odkif;ynmaum awmf&Jhvm;}}
zl;vifu ...
]]'gawmh taotcsmrodbl;? 'gayr,fh olu odkif;avmurSm ckxufxd touf&Sifaeao;w,fqdkawmh
odkif;ynmawmfvkYyd J jzpf&r,f ... }}
&ufykcRefu 0if ajymjyonf/
]]olYqDvmuk&wJhvlawG[m rwwfomvGef;vdkY vmMu&wm? wu,fvdkY oluukay;vdkY touf&SifNyDxm;awmh?
olu tJ'D tukcH&wJhvl&JU aqGrsdK;om;csif; wpfa,mufa,mufudk jyefowfcdkif;&if b,fhES,fvkyfawmhrvJ?
wu,fhudk tusOf;tusyfxJ a&mufoGm;awmhrSm? puwnf;u olowfcdkif;wJhvludk owfay;yghr,fvdkY uwday;cJh
w,f r[kwfvm;? b,favmuf pdwfnpfp&maumif;vdkufrvJ}}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;\ OD;aESmufxJ wlnDpGm awG;aerdonfhtcsufrSm wpfcsufwnf;omjzpfawmhonf/
xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSonfh pdwfoabmxm;&Sdonfh vlowform;awmfBuD;ydef&d\taMumif;om jzpfawmh\/
vdefvdefu ...
]]tpfudkBuD;? 'Dvdkqdk&if tpfudkBuD;&Jha&m*gudk 'Dorm;awmfBuD;qDoGm;ukvdkY b,fjzpfawmhrvJ? ayghapvdkvdkY
aMumifkyfxk;d umrS aq;twGufav; qkdwmrsdK;jzpfr,fh orm;awmfBuD;yJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfcsdefvHk; avSyJhydkif;wGifxkdifvsuf olYq&mESifh q&mrwkdY\ ajympum;rsm;udk em;axmifae
onf/ vdefvdefu ,ckuJhodkY vSrf;ajymvdkufaomtcgwGifrl olu NyHK; ...
]][kwfw,f? olYqDoGm;ukvdkYb,fjzpfrSmvJ? awmfawmfMum igha&m*gaysmufoGm;NyD;rS rif; nDrav;vdefvdefudk
oGm;owfprf;qdk b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ? tJ'grS ig 'kua&mufrSm}}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; w0g;0g;ESifh &,frdMuawmh\/
vdefvdefuvnf; wcpfcpfESifh&,f&if; olr\taz&Sd&modkY vSrf;Munfhvkdufum ...
]]taz ... orm;awmfBuD;ydef&d qdkwmu vlqdk;vm; vlaumif;vm;}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]olYvdkvlrsdK;u tifrwefajym&cufwJhvlrsdK;yJ? vlaumif;vdkY ajymvdkYvnf;r&bl;? vlqdk;vm;qdkawmhvnf;
r[kwfjyefbl;? vlxl;vlqef;vdkY ac:&r,fhvlrsdK;aygh orD;&m}}
aemufwpfaeY aeYvnfbufwGif olwdkYonf ]]ckdif;zkef;NrdKU}} \ taemufawmifbufodkY a&muf&Sdvm\/
xdktaemufawmifbufwGif tvGefemrnfausmfMum; xif&Sm;vSonfh bk&m;ausmif;BuD;wpfck &Sdaeojzifh
xdkbk&m;ausmif;BuD;odkY 0ifa&mufzl;ajrmfEdkif&eftwGuf avSudk qdyfurf;qkduf&ef &ufykcRefu trdefYay;vdkuf
onf/
qdyfurf; avSqdkufuyfvkdufaomtcg vdyfjymuav; ysHoef;vIyf&Sm;onfhES,f jrL;&TifoGuv
f ufpGm urf;
ay:odkY a&S;OD;pGm ajy;wufoGm;onfh rdef;uav;rSm vdefvdefyifjzpfawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
449
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefajy;wufoGm;NyDjzpf usefvlrsm;uvnf; waysmfwyg; vdkufwufoGm;awmhonf/

vifh[lcsHK;url urf;ay:odkYrwufawmhbJ avSxJom ililBuD; xkdifaecJhawmh\/
vdefvdefu urf;ay:rS vSrf;atmfvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; rvkdufbl;vm;}}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm ol\twGif;tm;rsm; aysmufuG,foGm;onfhtcsdefrSp oGm;oGm;vmvmrvkyfcsifawmhay/
xdkYjyif olY tjcm;pdwful;wpfck &Sdaeao;ojzifh olwdkYESifhtwl bk&m;ausmif;odkYrvdkuf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
olwdkYtm;vHk; avSay:r&SdawmhvQif 0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;ay;vdkufonfh BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk wD;cwf&ef pdwful;
xm;jcif;jzpfawmhonf/
xkdYjyif vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwdkY BudK;MumiSufarmifESHvdk wyl;wJGwJG jrL;wl;oGm;vmaeonfudk rjrifvkdonfh
tcsufuvnf; &Sdaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh olu ...
]]ighrSm tm;r&Sad wmh odyfNyD; vIyfvIyf&mS ;&Sm; rvkyfcsifawmhbl; ... nDrav;wdkYbmomyJ oGm;MuygawmhuGm}}
vdefvdefu ...
]]'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; NyD;wmyJ? tpfudkBuD;avSay:rSmyJ tem;,laevdkufaygh? uRefrwdkYjyefvm&if tpfudkBuD;
aomufzdkY t&ufaumif;aumif; &SmvmcJhr,f}}
vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsHK;tm; uJhokdYajymNyD;onfESifh vifrdefusufESifh ycHk;csif;,SOf wGef;wdkuf jrL;wl;
aysmfyg;pGm xGufoGm;avawmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm xdkjrifuGif;udk rjrifcsif jrifvsufom;jzpfaeojzifh &ifxJ qdkYeifhoGm;&awmh\/
xdkjrifuGif;rsdK; rjrifvkd? rjrif&ufojzifh urf;ay:odkY rwufjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; ,ckrl tcsnf;ESD;jzpf&acsNyD/
vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwdkYrSm ezl;csif; wkdufrdrQrwwf pum;wGwfxdk; avQmufoGm;Muawmh\/
vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwkdY xGufoGm;yHkudkMunfh zl;vifu &ufykcRef\vufudk wkdYvdkufNyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrwdkYvnf; olwdkYeJYtwlwlvku
d foGm;Mu&atmif}}
odkYESifh bk&m;ausmif;odkYoGm;&mwGif vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusufwdkYESpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfawmhbJ &ufykcRef
ESifh zl;vifwkdYESpfa,mufyg aygif;NyD; av;a,mufom; xGufcGmoGm;Muavawmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
450
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tHhzG,fig;a,muf
&ufykcRefwkdYu xdk emrnfBuD;bk&m;ausmif;xJodkY 0ifa&mufzl;ajrmf &Sdcdk;aeMupOf bk&m;ausmif;tjyifbufrS
vlwpfpk tjyif;txefjiif;cHk&if; bk&m;ausmif;bufodkY avQmufvmonft
h oHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&\/
zl;vifrSm xdktoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh olr\rsufESmonf vlrrmwpfa,muf\ rsufESmuJhodkY
aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfoGm;awmhonf/
&ufykcRefonfvnf; &ifxJ pdk;&drfaMumifhMuoGm;rdawmh\/
xkdYaMumifh csufcsif;yif tm;vHk;udk vufjzifh tcsufjyvdkufonf/
&ufykcRef\ vufjzifh tcsufjycsufudk tm;vHk;u em;vnfvdkuMf uonf/
xdkYaMumifh tvGefvsifjrefzswfvwfvSpGmjzifh bk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD;\ aemufbufodkY 0ifa&mufykef;cdkvdkuf
Muonf/
tb,fhaMumifh zl;vif\rsufESm aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfoGm;oenf;/
tb,fhaMumifh &ufykcRef tvGefpdk;&drfaMumifhMuoGm;oenf;/
tb,fhaMumifh bk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD;aemufodkY tvsifpvdk ykef;cdkvdkufMu&oenf;/
taMumif;rSm olwdkYMum;odvdkuf&onfh jiif;cHkaeoHrsm;onf vlxl;vlqef;rsm;jzpfMuonfh tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,mufwY\
kd toHrsm; jzpfaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/
ronfonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jiif;cHkaeMurSef; rnfolrQ twdtus rodMu&acs/
trQifrjywf jiif;cHkvmaeMu&m aemufqHk; bk&m;ausmif;xJodkY qlqlnHnHjzifh a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ bk&m;
ausmif;twGi;f odkY 0ifvmolpkpkaygif;rSm tHhzG,fig;a,mufomjzpfae\/ tHhzG,w
f pfa,mufavsmhaeayonf/
xdkpOf tHhz,
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]]t&Sifbk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkY&JUnDav;udk raoatmif umuG,fapmifha&Smuf ay;awmfrlygbk&m;? wynfhawmf
wdkY&JUnDav;udk t&Sifbk&m;xHrSm tyfESHygw,fbk&m;? wynfhawmfwkY&d JUnDav; raobl;qkd&if wynfhawmfwdkY
tBudrfBudrf OD;csygr,fbk&m;? OD;oHk;BudrfxufydkcsvdkYvnf; wynfhawmfwdkYtzdkY bmrSodyfryifyef;ygbl;bk&m; ... }}
axmifuef;onf pum;qHk;onfESifh 'l;axmufvkdufum tBudrfBudrfOD;csaeawmhonf/
&ufykcRefwdkYvifr,m;onfvnf; axmifuef;\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg rsufESmrsm; 0if;xdefoGm;Mu
awmh\/
olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm tvGef0rf;omoGm;rdMuawmh\/ xdkwpfa,muf raoqHk;ygu xdkvlajcmufa,mufESifh
olwdkYtzdkY rnfonfh&efNidK;rQ &SdEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfay/
olwdkY\pdwfxw
J Gif ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
451
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]awmfygao;&JU? olYavoHem;axmifMunfh&wmawmh [kd "m;eJYtxdk;cHvdkuf&wJhvlwpfa,mufu toufaoyHk

r&ao;bl;}} [k awG;vdkufrdMu\/
xdkpOf axmifusufu ...
]]a[h ... rif;bmawG Iyfatmifvmar;ae&wmvJ? &Sif;&Sif;av;yJ? nDav; aooGm;Munfhprf;? igu
'Dbk&m;udk aMurGoGm;atmif kdufcsdK;ypfvkdufrmS ayghuG}}
xdkpOf Mum;xJrS axmif0g;u 0ifajymjyefonf/
]]rif;wkdY[m bmrS rawG;wwfbl;? bmrSvnf; tHI;tjrwfrwGufwwfbl;? igwGufjyr,f em;axmif? nDav;
aowJhtcsdefusrS 'Dbk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD; dkufcsdK;awmh bmtusdK;&SdawmhrSmvJ? rif;yJ i&JBuD;rSmuG? tck rif;OD;cs
uefawmhaewm b,fESpfBudrf&SdoGm;NyDvJ? tckxJu rif;HI;aeNyD}}
axmifusufu ...
]]at; ... rif;ajymwmrqdk;bl;uG? igwkdYtm;vHk; avmavm avmavmeJY ruefawmhMueJYOD;? ta&;BuD;wJhtvkyf
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atmif ukEdkifrvm; rukEdkifbl;vm;qkdwm? ukEdkifw,fvdkY aoaocsmcsmtmrcHrS 'Dbk&m;udk igwdkYtm;vHk;
vmuefawmhMur,f? rukEdkifbl;qkd&ifawmh bmrSajymp&mrvdkawmhbl;? igwkdYvkyfp&mtvkyfwpfckyJ &Sdawmhw,f}}
axmif0g;u kwfw&uf jzwfar;vdkufonf/
]]pum;ajym&if wpfcgwnf;jrefjrefajym? igwkdYvkyfp&m&Sdw,fqkdwht
J vkyfu bmtvkyfvJ? bmjzpfvdkY 'Dpum;
udk csefxm;&wmvJ}}
axmifusufu a'gojzifhatmfvdkufonf/
]]rif; 0ifrIyfeJY? rif;ubmem;vnfvdkYvJ? aemufvmr,fhpum;u aemufrSmyJae&rSmayghuG? t&ifajymvdkY&
rvm;? aemufpum; t&ifajym&if rif; em;vnfrvm;}}
axmif0g;u ...
]]w,fvQm&SnfwmyJ? bmajymrSmvJ ajymprf;yg}}
axmifusufu ...
]]igwkdYvkyf&r,fhtvkyfu 'Dbk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD;udk dkufcsdK;ypf&awmhrmS ayghuG? nDav;udkaysmufatmifrS
rukEdkifbl;qdkwm od&wJhaemuf igwkdY 'gyJvkyfp&m&Sdawmhwmaygh}}
axmifuef;u ...
]]rif;wdkYpOf;pm;MuygOD;? ukvdkYaysmufEdkifw,fqkdwJhaemuf vmruefawmhvnf; ukvkdYaysmufrSmyJr[kwfvm;?
'Dawmh bmjzpfvdkY vmuefawmh&OD;rSmvJ}}
xdkpOf axmif&Srf;u kwfw&uf csHK;yJGcsidkawmhonf/
idkoHaMumfifh bk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD;\ aemufbufykef;aeMuol &ufykcRefwdkYrSm kwfw&uftHhtm;oifh
xdwfvefY oGm;rdMuawmhonf/
axmif&Srf;u idk&if;ajymvdkufonf/
]]nDav;udkom ukvdkYr&awmhbl;qkd&ifawmh igwkdY vlYjynfrSm touf&SifaevdkY bmvkyfawmhrSmvJ? igwkdY
tm;vHk; vdkufaoawmhrSmyJ}}
usefav;a,mufuvnf; vkdufidkMuawmh\/ odkY rsuf&nfNzdKifNzdKifusvsuf 0rf;yef;wenf; idka<u;aeMu
&mrS axmifusufu kwfw&uf w[m;[m;&,fvdu
k fjyefawmh\/ l;vnf;l;? xl;vnf;xl;onfh vlxl;vlqef;
rsm;ygay/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
452
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifusufu &,fae&mrS ...

]]a[haumifawG ... idkraeMueJY? tm;vHk; wdwfMuprf;? wu,fvdkY nDav;raobl;qkd&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ?
tck rif;wdkY igwdkY idkaewmawG tvum;jzpfukefrSmayghuG? vm ... vm igwkdY [kdudkoGm;NyD; aoaocsmcsmar;r,f?
aemufawmhrS xyfidkMuwmaygh? idkw,fqdkwm b,ftcsdefidkidk &wmyJ? aemufusw,f r&Sdbl;r[kwfvm;}} [k ajym
vdkufonf/
axmif0g;u ...
]]'Dpum;[m a&SUaemuf qDavsmfwJhpum; r[kwfbl;? tjypf&Sdaew,f? nDav;om raobl;qkd&if b,ftcsdef
ikdikd aemufusw,fr&Sdygbl; qkdwJhpum;udk ajymzdkYrvdkbl;? nDav;rS raobJ bmjzpfvdkY aemufxyfidkzdkY pOf;pm;ae&
awmhrvJ}}
tHhzG,fvx
l l;vlqef; ig;a,mufonf pum;uav;wpfceG f;udk tjyif;txeftjiif;yGm;Mu&if; bk&m;ausmif;
twGif;rS jyefvnf xGufcGmoGm;Mujyefawmhonf/
olwdkYxGufcGmoGm;rS &ufykcRefwdkYrSm toufjyif;jyif; I0Hhawmhonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk; bk&m;qif;wkawmfBuD;\
aemufrS jyefxGufvmMu\/
&ufykcRefu ta&;wBuD;avoHjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]][kdvlwpfa,muf aoovm;? &Sifovm;qdkwm igwkdYtwGuf odyfta&;BuD;w,f? 'Dowif;od&zdkYuvnf;
olwdkYaemuf rsufjcnfrjywfvdkufMunfhrSjzpfrSm? 'Dawmh igvdkufNyD; pHkprf;Munfhr,f? rif;wdkYtm;vHk; 'DrSmyJapmifhae
Mu? igpHkprf;NyD;wmeJY 'DudkyJ jyefvmcJhr,f}}
zl;vifu ...
]]tpfudkBuD;wpfa,mufwnf;oGm;&if tE&m,frsm;ygw,f? 'DvlawG b,folawGqdkwm tpfudkBuD;vnf;odNyD;
om;yJ? uRefrygvm&if wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf taxmuftuljyKEkdifwmaygh? uRefrvnf;vdkufchrJ ,f ... }}
&ufykcRefu olYZeD;tm; rwm;jrpfawmhacs/ olYZeD;ajymonfh pum;rsm;uvnf; usdK;aMumif;qDavsmfvSojzifh
olYZeD;ESifhtwl tHhzG,fig;a,mufaemufokYd aemufa,mifcHvkdufoGm;awmh\/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdYrSm bk&m;ausmif;jyifyodkY a&mufonfESifh bk&m;ausmif;ab;rS vrf;ajrmifuav;wpfck
xJokdY csdK;auGUvdkuf\/
xkdrSwqifh awmifukef;uav;wpfckay:odkY oGm;Mujyefonf/
&ufykcRefESifhzl;vifwkdY ESpfa,mufrSm olwdkYig;a,mufESifh eD;uyfpGmrvdu
k f&Jacs/
cyfvSr;f vSrf;rSom vdkuf&JMuonf/
xdkig;a,muf\ odkif;ynmrSm tvGefw&m tqifhjrifh aumif;rGefvSojzifh olwdkYESpfa,muftem; uyfvkduf
onfESifh odoGm;Muayvdrfhrnf/
xdkig;a,mufom odoGm;ygu olwdkYESpfa,muftzdkY usm;cHwGif;xJ acgif;vQdK0ifae&onfurS oufomay
vdrfhrnf/
aemufcyfvrS f;vSrf;rS vdkufae&ojzifh rsufjcnfjywfoGm;rnfudk vHk;0rpdk;&drf&acs/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vrf;wpfavQmufvHk; trQifrjywf jiif;cHkoGm;aeaom olwdkY\toHrsm;udk ta0;BuD;rS
yif Mum;EdkifaomaMumifhaywnf;/
xdkYaMumifh vG,fvifhwulyif aemufa,mifcHvdkufvmEdkifcJhMu\/
okdYvm&if;rSm awmtkyfuav;wpfcktwGif;odkYa&muf&SdvmMuawmhonf/
xdkawmtkyfuav;\tpyfwGif &pfacGp;D qif;aeonfh acsmif;uav;wpfck&Sdae\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
453
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
acsmif;ab;wGifrl 0g;tdrfuav;wpftdrfudk awGYvdkuf&onf/

tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdYrSm rnfolYudkrQ *krpdkufbJ xdkwJtdrfuav;twGif;odkY pGyfceJ 0ifoGm;Muawmhonf/
&ufykcRefu avoHudkESdrfh ...
]]nDrav; igwdkY a&SUuae0ifvkdYuawmh b,fenf;eJYrSrjzpfbl;? aemufbufuae ywfNyD; oGm;MunfhMu&
atmif? 'grS tajctaerSefudk od&rSm}} [k ajymvdkuf\/
olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; aemufbufuae ywfoGm;vdkufonf/ wJtdrfuav;\ aemufbufokdY a&muf&SdoGm;Mu
awmh\/ a&mufa&mufcsif;yif tHhzG,fig;a,muf\ a'gowBuD; atmf[pfoHudk Mum;vdkufMu&\/
]]cifAsm; ... usKyfwkdY&JhnDav;udk owfvdkufNyD[kwfvm;}}
]]bmjzpfvdkY ol&Y ifudk cJGvdkuf&wmvJ? ajymprf;}}
]]rif;udk cJGr,f? rif;&ifudk jyefcGJr,f}}
]]atmifr,fav;? nDav;a& ... rif;aoyHku tjzpfqdk;vScsnfvm;? igwkdYvnf; rif;eJYvdkufaoawmhr,f?
wu,fhudk vdkufaoawmhr,f}}
um; tHzG,fig;a,mufwkdY\ wpfa,mufwpfaygufajymvdkufonfh xdwfvefYzG,f&m pum;rsm;omwnf;/
olwdkY\pum;rsm;aMumifh &ufykcRefESifhzl;vifwkdYrSmvnf; xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRef\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]b,fvdkrsm;jzpfwmygvdrfh? b,folursm; olwdkYnDav;&Jh &ifudkcJGNyD; owfypfvdkufwmvJrodbl;? tJ'Dvlawmh
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f l;? &uf&ufpufpufvkyfrSm}} [k awG;vdkufrd
\/
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oGm;awmhonf/
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tdrfcef;xJwiG f rD;rsm;vif;xdefaeatmif xGef;dSxm;\/ tcef;tv,fwGif pm;yJGcHk&SnfBuD;wpfck&SdaeNyD; xdk
pm;yJGcHk&SnfBuD;ay:wGif t0wftpm;rJh a,musfm;wpfa,muf vJavsmif;ae\/
xdkvl\&ifukd cJGxm;ojzifh aoG;&J&J oH&J&Jjzpfaeawmhonf/ rsufvHk;rsm;rSmvnf; vHk;0ydwfxm;vsuf&Sdae\/
toufr&Sdawmhonfh vlwpfa,muf\ yHkoPmeftvm;yif/ jrifuGif;udkom tonf;i,folrsm;jrifawGYoGm;yg
u aMumufvefYwMum; atmf[pfrdayvdrfhrnf/
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cEmudk,f cyf00 vlwpfa,mufudk vufdI;waigufaigufxdk;NyD; qJqdkBudrf;armif;aeMu\/
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'kwd,qdk;0g;onfhtcsufrSm xdkv\
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ol\vufESpfzufpvHk;rSm aoG;jcif;jcif;eDae\/
nmbufvufwGifrl jzLazG;awmufyvsuf tvGefxufjruf[ef&Sdonfh "m;wpfacsmif;udk udkifxm;onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
454
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdk"m;rSmvnf; aoG;rsm;ayusHvsuf&Sdonfom/ xdkvlBuD;onf tHhzG,fig;a,mufudk pl;pl;pdkufpdkufMunfh

vsuf&Sdonf/
twefMumaomtcgrS ...
]]rif;wdkY wpfa,mufwpfaygufeJY ajymcsifwmajymvdkY NyD;MuNyDvm;}}
tHhzG,fig;a,mufu ...
]]NyD;NyD? cifAsm;u bmajymcsifvdkYvJ}}
xdkvlykBuD;u ...
]]rif;wkdYu 'Daumif&Jh"m;'Pf&mudk aq;xnfhay;NyD;rS ighqDac:vmMuw,f? ac:vm&ifvnf; jrefjrefac:vm
wmr[kwfbl;? vrf;rSm tcsdeftrsm;BuD;ukefatmif jiif;NyD;rS ac:vmcJhyHk&w,f? rif;wdkYvmwm vrf;rSm odyfMumae
awmh rif;wdkYaq;xnfhay;xm;wJh 'Pf&mu usufaeNyD? usufwmu taumif;usufwmr[kwfbl;? taMumawG
rSm;qufNyD; usufukefwm? olYtoufudk u,fcsif&if vG,fvG,fuav;uG? igu rsufpdrSdwfNyD;awmif ukEkdifao;
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xdktcg axmif0g;u ...
]]bmjzpfovJ? cifAsm;u ylp&mr&Sdwmylaew,f? 'kudwjzpfawmh bmjzpfovJ? aowmxufpm&if 'kudwu
ykdaumif;ao;wmaygh}}
vlykBuD;u a'goESifh jyefatmfawmh\/
]]a[haumifawG ighudk q&mvmvkyfraeMueJY? igu rukbl;qdk&if b,folu b,fvdkvmawmif;yef
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jyef,loGm;Muawmh}}
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k frd\/
xdkpOf vlowform;awmfBuD; ydef&du at;pufrmausmaomavoHESifh ajymawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
455
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]ighemrnfu vlowform;awmfBuD;? vlowform;awmfBuD;u vlwpfa,mufudk aoatmifvkyw

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rqef;bl;? bmrSrqef;bl;}}
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]]vlowfwm bmcufvdkYvJAs? &Sd&SdorQtvkyfawGrSm vlowf&wJhtvkyfu tvG,fqHk;yJAs? cifAsm;u
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ydef&du tvGefa'goxGufvm[efjzifh ...
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tcsdefvGefoGm;NyD; ukovdkYr&&if b,fhE,
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axmifuef;u ...
]]cifAsm; l;aeovm;? b,folYudk oGm;ar;aep&m vdkao;vdkYvJ? cifAsm;rod&if usKyfajymjyr,f? usKyfu
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ydef&du ...
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&Snfae&if igu b,fvdkoGm;uk&awmhrSmvJ? rif;wdkYudk igbmvkyfcdkif;xm;ovJ? bmjzpfvdkY bk&m;ausmif;u
tapmBuD;jyefvm&wmvJ}}
ydef&donf olYpum;udk acw&yfvsuf tHhzG,if g;a,mufwkdYudk aphaphMunfhum ajymvkdufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
456
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]at; ... rif;wkdYudk bk&m;ausmif;udk vTwfvdkufwmu taMumif;rJhvw

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vm rIyfapcsifvkdY vTwfvkdufwm}}
axmifuef;u ...
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aewmu cifAsm;As}}
ydef&donf kwfw&uf atmfvdkuf\/
]]tyf,lcJh}}
xdktoHaMumifh tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdY kwfw&uf vefYoGm;Muonf/
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\/
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vifyef;udk cHkay:odkY wifvkduf\/
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vm;? rodvkdYawmh rjzpfbl;uG}}
axmifuef;u ...
]]odwmayghAs? usKyfwkdYnDav;om jrefjref&Sifyavhap? cifAsm; b,folYudk owfcdkif;rvJ? usKyfwdkYowfay;r,f?
cifAsm;&JhtrdefYudk usKyfwkdY emcHr,f}}
ydef&du ...
]]at; [kwfw,f? rif;wdkY igh&JUpnf;urf;udk odxm;w,fqdk&if awmfNyD? b,folYudk owfcdkif;&r,fqkdwmawmh
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rSm NidrfNidrfoufoufuav; &yfaeMuprf;? rif;wdkYqDu toHqkd&if bmoHrS rMum;csifbl; ... / rif;wdkYqDu
wpfoHoHom Mum;vdkuf&&if igukaewmudk csufcsif; &yfypfvdkufr,f? rif;wdkY&Jhvludk igqufrukawmhbl;? 'Dvl
aoao &Sif&Sif igeJY rqkdifawmhbl;}}
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xdkYjyif ydef&du wm;jrpfvkdufonfh pnf;urf;csufrsm;rSm olwdkYtwGuf tvGefwif;usyfvSonfh pnf;urf;csuf
BuD;yifjzpfawmh\/
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Nidrf Nidrfoufoufae&ef trdefYay;jcif;rSm udk,u
fh dk,fudk owfaocdkif;onfESifh wlvSawmh\/
odkYaomf olwdkYajcmufa,mufpvHk;rSm pm;twl? oGm;twl? tdyftwl tNrJwrf; wpnf;wvHk;wnf;&SdcJhMuonfh
nDtpfudkrsm;jzpfMu&m wpfa,muftay:wpfa,mufu tvGefcspfcifMu\/
aovkarsmyg;jzpfaeonfh olwdkY\nDuav; toufudk vGefpGmwefzdk;xm;Mu\/
xdkYaMumifh ydef&d\trdefYudk vHk;0rvGefqef&JawmhbJ wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhvsuf qGHUtolrsm;
yrm vHk;0 NidrfoufaeMuawmh\/
rnfrQtxd pdk;&drfwBuD; xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufMuoenf;qdkaomf acsmif;yif rqdk;&Jonftxd jzpfaeMu
awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
457
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcsdefwGif ydef&du axmifquf\&ifbwfudk tyfjzifh jyefcsKyfNyD;aeayNyD? axmifqufrSm e*dkuwnf;u

owd vpfaeoljzpf vHk;0toHrMum;&ay/
ydef&donf ol\aq;aowmuav;twGif;rS aq;rIefYtcsdKUudk,l 'Pf&mcsKyfxm;onfh csKyfdk;wpfavQmuf
xnfh ay;vdkuo
f nf/
xdkYaemuf tjcm;aomufaq;wpfrsdK;udkvnf; axmifquf\yg;pyfuk[
d avmif;xnfhay;vdkufjyef\/
ydef&du olvkyfp&m&SdorQtvkyfrsm;udk Z,fqufovdk tqufrjywfvkyaf e&mrS tHhzG,fig;a,muf&Sd&modkY
wpfcsuf vSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/
xdkig;a,mufpvHk; EIwfcrf;wvIyfvIyfjzifh tvGefw&m pum;ajymcsifaeaMumif; awGY&Sdvdkuf&awmh\/
ydef&du ...
]]rif;wdkY&JhnDav; toufjyefr&Sifao;bl;? tJ'Dawmh rif;wdkY&JhnDav; touf&Sifapcsifw,fqd&k if rif;wdkY
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ajymvdkufonf/
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&JbJ jzpfaeawmh\/
ydef&drSm pdwfarmoGm;[efESifh oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvdkufNyD; ab;wpfae&m xkdifum tem;,lvdkufawmh\/
ydefydef&Snf&Snfrdef;rBuD;url cJGpdwfuko&mwGif toHk;jyKonfh ypnf;ud&d,mrsm;udk jyefvnfodrf;qnf;oGm;
awmh\/
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acs/
toufjyif;jyif;yif rI0Hhonftxd NidrfoufaeMu&awmhonf/
olwdkYxHrS rouFmzG,f&m toHwpfckckomMum;oGm;ygu olwdkYESpfa,muf\ Zmwfodrf;onf vHk;0aumif;vdrfh
rnfr[kwfay/
xdkYaMumifh em; Gufyif rcwf&Jonftxd NidrfoufaeMu&jcif;jzpf\/
xdkodkY wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaecsdefwGif ab;wpfzuftcef;twGif;rS toHwpfoHu ...
]]nDav; ... b,fhES,fvJa[h? ukvdkYtqifajy&Jhvm;}}
ydef&du xdktoH&Siftm; ...
]]ukvdkY tqifajywmaygh? b,fwkef;ursm; tqifrajywm&SdcJhz;l vdkYvJ? aowJhvl &SdcJhzl;vdkYvm;? 'Daumifvnf;
&Sif&rSmaygh}} [k jyefajymvdkufonf/
xdkpOf ab;buftcef;rS wHcg;yGifhoGm;NyD; vl0BuD;wpfa,muf avQmufxGufvmawmhonf/
xdkvl0BuD;onf axmifquftem;odkY avQmufoGm;NyD; kwfw&uf ol\BuD;rm;vSaom vuf0g;BuD;jzifh
axmifquf\ i,fxdyfudk dkufcsvdkuf\/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwdkYrSm xdkjrifuGif;aMumifh vHk;0rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmhbJ ][m}ceJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
olwdkY tmar#dwfoHjyKvdkufrdonfESifh wpfcsdefwnf;rSmyif pm;yJGcHk&Snfay: vJSaeaom axmifqufonfvnf;
]tm;} ceJ atmfum xxdkifvdkufawmhonf/
axmifqufonf tdyf&mrSxvdkufonfESifh Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;yif qJawmh\/
]]acG;aumif ... rif;u bmjzpfvdkY ighacgif;udk dkuf&wmvJuG? dkufp&mae&m&Sm;vdkYvm;? ighudkbmrSwfaeovJ}}
xdkvl0BuD;uvnf; wpfcGef;rcH jyefqJawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
458
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]acG;wd&pmefav; ... rif;ursm;ighudk rdkufrdkufdkif;dkif; jyefqJae&ovm;? ightwGif;tm;udk rif;udk,fxJ

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qefYqefYBuD; Mumaer,frSwfovJ}}
axmifqufu ...
]]ighbmom jrefjrefxx? aES;aES;xx? rif;eJYbmqdkifovJ? ighbmomxcsifxr,f? rxcsifrxbl;? Wpfouf
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xdkvl0BuD;u ...
]]at; ... rif;wpfoufvHk;tdyfaerSmudk igu rapmifhEdkifbl;uG? ighrSm ighnDeJYig aqG;aEG;&r,fhudpawG
&Sdaew,f? rif;tdy&f mu txapmifhae&if igu b,ftcsdefoGm; aqG;aEG;&awmhrSmvJ}}
axmifqufu ...
]]'gjzifh igoGm;r,f? bmjzpfvdkYigu 'DrSm qufae&awmhrSmvJ}}
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awmh\/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwdkYrSm tvGefw&m xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSpGm olwdkY\nDav; toufjyef&Sifvmonfudk
awGY&aomtcg r,HkEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/
csufcsif;yif owd0ifoGm;MuNyD; olwdkY\nDav;aemufodkY aumufaumufygatmif vkdufoGm;Muawmhonf/
&ufykcRefwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,mufrSmrl tvGefw&mwkefvIyfaeMuawmhonf/ olwdkY\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]ydef&d&Jhaq;ynmuawmh wu,fhudk tpGrf;xufwmyguvm;? wu,fhudk aoawmhravmufvludk
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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vJqdkwmudk}}
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]]rodbl; ... olu b,folYudk taMumufqHk;vJ? cifAsm;yJ ajymjyygOD;}}
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xdkrdef;rBuD;u ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
465
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdrdef;rBuD;onf ol\pum;udk acw&yfvdkufonf/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSmvnf; rsufESmi,fuav;

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xdktcg tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm uref;uwrf;jzifh ...
]][kwfuJhcifAsm ...? [kwfuJh? orm;awmfBuD;uawmfu b,folYudkrsm; owfay;apcsifygovJ? ajymyg ...
ajymyg? orm;awmfBuD;uawmf&Jh pdwftvdkus jzpf&ygaphr,f}} [k dkaoav;pm;pGm ajymMujyefonf/
xdkrdef;rBuD;onf avSBuD;bufokdY vSrf;Munfhvdkufawmhonf/ olr\rsufvHk;rsm;onf a&S;OD;pGm &ufykcRef
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
466
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
467
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;u &ufykcRefbufodkYvSnfh ...

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aMumif; od&SdNyD;jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh ...
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bl;? NidrfNidrfqdwfqdwfaewmudkyJ BudKufw,f? olwdkY avSay:rSm wpfa,mufwpfayguf pum;rsm;ae&ifawmh
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axmif&Srf;u ...
]]avSyJhydkif;ukdoGm;NyD; vuf[efajc[efeJYjyvdkYuawmh r&bl;vm;}}
axmif0g;u ...
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______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
468
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
taumif;qHk;t&uf
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
469
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]]cifAsm;wdkY&Jhq&mBuD;u b,folvJ}}
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470
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkY\ pum;rqHk;ao;? usLcsef;u olY&ifbwfxJodkY vufEdIuf t&ufcGufwpfcGufudk
EdIuf,lvkduf\/ olEdIufxkwfvdkufonfh t&ufcGufrSm tvGefyif ajymifacsmaeNyD; wu,fhykvJtppfjzifh jyKvkyfxm;
aom t&ufcGufjzpfonf/ wefzdk;BuD;vSonfh t&ufcGufyifjzpfawmh\/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYrSm olawmif;pm;yHkyef;rsdK;ESifhvlu rQtzdk;xdkufwefaom t&ufcGufudk xkwf,lEdkif
onfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg tHhMowkefvIyfoGm;MuNyD; pum;yif [[ rajymEdkifMuawmhacs/
xdktcsdef usLcsef;onf olY&ifbwftwGif;rS t&ufcGufrsm;udk wpfcGufNyD;wpfcu
G f xkwfvsuf&SdaeavNyD/ ol
xkwf,lvkdufonfh cGufrsm;rSm ...
ywjrm;cGuf? ausmufpdrf;cGuf? eDvmcGuf ponf ponf tzdk;xdkufwefvSonfh ausmufrsuf&wemrsm;jzifh
jyKvkyfxm;onfh t&ufcGufrsm;yifjzpfawmhonf/ aemufxyf xkwf,lvdkufonfh t&ufcGufrsm;rSm aT? aiG? aMu;?
oxKrsdK;pHkjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom t&ufcGufrsm;yif jzpfawmh\/
avSay: &Sd&SdorQvltm;vHk;wkdYtzdkY xdwfvefYtHhMopGmjzifh ai;MunfhaerdMuawmh\/ uJhodkY olawmif;pm;
wpfa,mufESifh tvGefwlaeonfh vlwpfa,muf\ &ifbwftustwGif;0,f rQwefzdk;&SdvSonfh t&ufcGufrsm;
ta&twGufrQ &Sdvdrfhrnf[k rnfolrS rxifrSwfMuay/ ,ck olwrdkY xifrSwfcJhonfrsm;udk jyKvkyfjyaeMuayNyD/
usLcsefu x&yfvdkufNyD; axmifusuftm; ...
]]uJ ... b,fvdkvJ}} [k ar;vdkufawmh\/
axmifusufu rsufarSmifwpfcsufMuKwfum ...
]][kwfw,f? ig HI;oGm;NyD? a[m'D t&ufcGuf&SpfrsdK;udk ighuwdtwdkif; 0g;pm;jyr,f? rif;auseyfw,fr[kwf
vm;}} [k ajym&if; olu olYa&SU &Sdaeonfh ykvJt&ufcGufudk yg;pyfxJaumufxnfh wuRwfuRwfjzifh
0g;pm;ypfvdkuNf yD; 0rf;AdkuftwGif;okdY rsdKcsvdkufawmh\/
okdY axmifusufu ykvJt&ufcGufukd wu,f0g;pm;vdkufonfudk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg vlwdkif;
udk,fhvnfyif;udk,f a,mif,rf;udkirf drwwf jzpfoGm;Mu\/ rnfolonf okdY 0g;pm;EkdifygtHhenf;/ ,ck
axmifusufudkMunfhNyD; tm;vHk; xdwfvefYoGm;Muawmh\/
axmifusufonf xkdrQESifh tNyD;owfvkdufonfr[kwfacs/ usLcsef;a&SU&Sd aemufxyf t&ufcGufwpfcGufudk
,l&ef vufvSrf;vdkufjyefawmhonf/ usLcsef;onf vuf0g;apmif;jzifh axmifusuf\vufudk kwfw&uf ckwfcs
vdkufawmhonf/ axmifusuf\ vsifjrefrIrSm tvGefcsD;usL;xdkufvSonf/ vQyfjyufonfurS MumcsifMumay
vdrfhrnf/
axmifusufonf ol\vufudk vsifjrefpGm kyfodrf;vdkufNyD; tvGefw&mtHhMoaomavoHjzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
474
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;u b,fvdkjzpfoGm;wmvJuG? ighudk ay;rpm;awmhbl;vm;? igu pm;csifvdkYpm;&wm r[kwfbl;uG?

ighuwdtwdkif; igu pm;jy&wm}}
usLcsef;u ...
]]usKyf tHI;ay;vkdufNyD? cifAsm; 'Dt&ufcGuf &SpfckpvHk;udk wu,f0g;pm;Edkifw,fqkdwm usKyf,HkoGm;NyD?
'Dawmh usKyf&hJ t&ufcGufawG tqHk;rcHEdkifawmhbl;}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vltm;vHk; 0dkif;&,frdMuawmhonf/
usL;csef;onf rsufESmudkrJh&if; ajymvdkufonf/ olYavoH ESajrmwooHrsm; yg0ifaeonf/
]]cifAsm;u usKyf&Jh ykvJt&ufcGufudk 0g;pm;vdkufawmh usKyfwkdYaomufzdkY wpfcGufvdkoGm;NyD? uJ ... 'Dawmh 'D
ausmufcJt&ufcGufeJYyJ tpm;xdk;vdkuf&awmhrSmaygh? opfr&Sdcif 0g;aygif;uGyf qkdwmvdk tzdk;weft&ufcGuf &Sm
r&cif 'DausmufcJt&ufcGufeJYyJ cPoHk;&awmhrSmyJ ... }}
usLcsef;onf ausmufcJt&ufcGufudk,l tdwftwGif;rS rnf;csdwfnpfywfaeaom y0gwpfxnfjzifh yGwfoyf
oefYpifvdkuf\/ ol\tjyKtrlaMumifh 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf ysdKUcsiftefcsifpdwfyif aygufoGm;Muawmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf usLcsef; y0gjzifh roefYpifcifu ausmufcJt&ufcGufonf oefYoefYpifpifuav; &Sdao;
onf/ olYy0gjzifh okwfvdkufaomtcgrS vGefpGm npfywfaya&oGm;awmh\/
usLcsef;onf ausmufcJt&ufcGufudk tjcm;wef;pDcsxm;onfh t&ufcGufrsm;ESifhtwl ,SOf csxm;vdkuf\/
t&ufcGuf pkpkaygif; &SpfcGufwdwf &Sdaeonf/
xdkYaemuf olYtdwfxJrS t&ufu&m;wpfvHk;udk ,lvdkufonf/ NyD;aemuf vifh[lcsHK;tm; vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm;u usKyf&JU t&uf&SpfrsdK;udk t&ifaomufMunfhygOD;? aemufrS cifAsm;&JU t&uf&SpfrsdK;udk
usKyfaomufr,f? ESpfa,mufpvHk; tjyeftvSefaomufNyD;rS b,ft&ufaumif;w,fqdkwm a0zefMuwmaygh?
b,fhES,fvJ usKyf tBuHraumif;bl;vm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]aumif;NyD}} [k ajymNyD;onfESifh ausmufcJt&ufcGufudk aumuf,lum armhaomufcsvdkufawmh\/ t&ufrSm
tjcm;t&ufrsm;ESifh vHk;0rwlacs? csOfpyfpyft&omrsdK; jzpfaeojzifh vifh[lcsHK;rSm wpfcsufrQ wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;
oGm;awmh\/
pdwfxJwGif wD;wdk;a&&Gwfvdkufrd\/
]]'Dt&uf&JUt&omu wpfrsdK;BuD;ygvm;}}
usLcsef;u ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... cifAsm; usKyf&Jht&ufcGufawGtm;vHk; raomufcif BudKNyD;ajymxm;&OD;r,f? usKyft&ufu 'Dvdk
t&ufcGuf wpfrsdK;eJYwpfrsdK; xnfhaomuf&if t&ufeHYu wpfrsdK;ajymif;w,f? aemufcGufwpfrsdK;eJYxnfhaomuf
jyef&if aemufxyf t&ufeHYwpfrsdK; jzpfoGm;jyefa&m? 'gaMumifh owdenf;wJhvlqkd&if wpfcGufaomufNyD;wmeJY
aemufwpfcGuf raomuf&JMuawmhbl;}}
usLcsef;onf olYpum;udk&yfvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\rsufESmudk aphaphMunfh&if; qufajymvkdufonfrSm ...
]]'DaeYtxd ... usKyf&Jht&ufcGuf&SpfcGufpvHk; qufwdkufaomuf&JwJhvl r&Sdao;bl;As}} [lownf;/
]]tif; ... 'DvlajymyHkMunfh&wmuawmh wpfckckawmhxl;jcm;aeNyD? 'g[m ighudk pum;ac:wmyJ? tif;av ...
bmyJjzpfjzpf tvGefqHk;&SdvS 'Dt&ufcGufxJrSm tqdyfcyfxm;Hkaygh? igu ao&awmhr,fhvlyJ? bmta&;vJ? igwkdY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
475
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0gqef;*dkPf;udk txifao;wmudkawmh rcHEdkifbl;? vifh[lcsHK; bmaumifvJqdkwmawmh jy&ao;wmaygh}} [k awG;

vdkufrdonf/
xdktcg olu 'kwd,t&ufcGufudk,l armhaomufvdkufjyef\/ t&uf\ t&omrSmawmh tvGefcg;vSay
onf/ aemufwpfcGuf xyfaomufvdkufjyefonf/ aemufwpfcGuf\ t&omrSmvnf; tvGefzefaejyef\/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh aumif;pGmodonf ... / olu t&ufraomufzl;aom vlwpfa,mufr[kwf? ,ck
olaomufcsvdkufonfh t&ufrsm;rSm t&uft&om wpfpufuav;rQ ray:aMumif; aumif;aumif;odaeonf/
pwkwajrmuf t&ufcGufudk aumuf,larmhcsNyD;aomtcsdefwGif ab;em; oGm;&nfwjrm;jrm;ESifh jzpfaeaom
axmif0g;rSm raeEkdifawmhbJ ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;awmfawmh? usefwJhcGufawGudk ig aomufypfvdkufr,f}} [k 0ifajymum t&ufcGufudk
vufvSrf;vkdufawmh\/
okdYaomf usLcsef;url olYvufxJwGifukid fxm;aom ,yfawmifjzifh axmif0g;\vufukd acgufcsvdkufonf/
axmif0g;onf ,yfawmifdkufcsuf tvGefjyif;xefvSaMumif; odojzifh olYvufudk csufcsif;vSefvdkufum
,yfawmifudk zrf;vdkufNyD; t&ufcGufudk vufvSrf;vdkufjyefonf/
xdkpOf ,yfawmifudk zrf;qkyf&ef axmif0g;u G,faecsdefrSmyif pkxm;onfh ,yfawmifGufrsm;u kwfw&uf
jzefYxGufoGm;NyD; axmif0g;\vufacsmif;rsm;udk dkufjzwfrnfuJhodkY jzpfoGm;awmh\/
axmif0g;onf usLcsef;\,yfawmifudk rzrf;&JawmhbJ vufudk uref;uwef; kyfodrf; aemufokdY ckefqkwf
vdkuf&awmh\/ xkdtcgusrS vifh[lcsHK;u useft&ufcGuf tm;vHk;udk wpfcGufNyD;wpfcGuf armhcsypfvdkufawmh\/
aemufqHk;t&ufcGufrSm teHYtoufqdk;0g;vSonfhjyif ... aomufcsvdkufaomtcg vnfacsmif;xJokdY "m;jzifh xdk;
pdkufcsvdkufouJhokdY pl;pl;0g;0g; tcH&cufvSpGm cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/ t&ufxuf aq;eHUydkxGufaeaMumif;
vifh[lcsHK; aumif;aumif; owdjyKrdonf/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf t&ufcGuftm;vHk;udk armhaomufvkdufNyD; rsufESm
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onf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... t&uf&Jht&omu b,fvdkaeovJ ... ? aomufvkdYaumif;&Jhvm;? [dk ... q,fhajcmuftdk;xJu
t&ufeJY b,fvdkumG ovJ}}
usLcsef;u0if ...
]]b,fhES,f ... aumif;raumif; ar;ae&wmvJ? usKyft&uf u wu,fhpHcsdefrDt&ufAs? 'Dt&uf&SpfcGuf
aomufvdkuf&wJhol[m ewfjynfudk wufoGm;&wmxufawmif t&om&Sdao;w,f}} [k ajymavawmh\/
xdktcg axmifuef;u atmfawmhonf/
]]'Dvdkqdk&if rif;u bmjzpfvdkY igwkdYudk ay;raomuf&wmvJ? ajymprf;ygOD;? igwkdY ewfjynfa&mufoGm;wm
xuf aumif;wJht&omudk rcHapcsifvdkYaygh [kwfvm;}}
usLcsef;u &,fajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkt&ufrsdK;u tifrwef wefzdk;&SdwJht&ufAs? &Sm;rS&Sm;wJht&uf? 'grsdK; cifAsm;wdkYudk ay;wkdufvdkuf&if
t&ufaumif;udk oufoufjzKef;wD;&m usoGm;awmhrSmaygh}}
axmifuef;u ...
]]aMomf ... rif;u 'Dvdkvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
476
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pum;u rQomjzpf\/ okdYaomf olurnfokdYtcsufjyvdkufonfrod? olwdkYtxJrS tHhzG,fav;a,mufwdkYu

kwfw&ufckefxGufvmMuNyD; usLcsef;\ajcvuf av;bufpvHk;udk qJGvdkufMuawmh\/ vQyfjyufonfhES,f
vsifjrefvSawmh\/
usLcsef;rSm okdif;ynm&Sifwpfa,muf jzpfaomfvnf; tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ kwfw&uf ajcvuf0dkif;
qJGaom odkif;uGufudkrl rnfokdYrQ a&Smifwdrf;jcif; rjyKEkdifay/ a&Smifwdrf;&ef pdwfrul;&ao;rD ajcvufrsm;udk
zrf;qD;qkyu
f dkifjcif; cHvdkuf&NyD; usLcsef;\wpfudk,fvHk;rSm avxJwGif a&mufaeawmh\/
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu csefyk\ ajcvufrsm;udk 0dkif;qJGNyD; qJGNzJowfjzwf
cJhonfudk awGU&zl;NyDjzpf tcsif;t&mudk jrifawGUvdkuf&aomtcg tvefYwMum; atmf[pfrdMuawmhonf/
olwdkYonf odkif;orm;rsm;jzpfMu owfjzwfckwfxpf aoMu? ausMuonfrsm;udk awGU&aomfvnf; odyf
wkefvIyfwwfMuonf r[kwfay/ okdYaomf ,ckuJhodkY tydkif;ydkif; tjywfjywf t&SifvwfvwfqJGNzJcH&NyD; aoG;oH&J&J
aoqHk;onfhjrifuiG f;udkrl &J&Jwif;wif; rMunfh&JMuacs/
ajcvuftqJGcHvdkuf&aom usLcsef;onf owdaumif;pGm&Sdonf/ olu kwfw&uf atmfvdkufawmh\/
]]t&ufxJrSm tqdyf&Sdw,f? ajzaq;u ighqDrSm}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYrSm usLcsef;\atmfoHaMumifh kwfw&uf awGa0wHkYqdkif;oGm;Muawmh\/
usLcsef;uvnf; tcsdefuav;udkom vdkcsifayonf/ olonfvnf; xdyfwef;odkif;orm;wpfa,mufjzpf&m
tHhzG,fav;a,muf kwfw&uf ai;aMumifaepOfrSmyif rmefoGif;atmf[pfum ckefvdkufawmh\/
tHhzG,fav;a,mufwdkY\vufrsm; acsmfxGufoGm;NyD; usLcsef;rSm ]0kef;} ceJ ckefxGufvGwfajrmufoGm;awmh\/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdYuvnf; csufcsif;yif urf;ay:odkYckefwufvdkufMuonf/ okdYaomf usLcsef;\ t&dyfta,mif
udkrQyif rawGY&awmhacs/
olwkdYu qufvuf&SmazG&ef [efjyifvkdufpOfrSmyif urf;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmh
onf/
]]usLcsef; ... acG;olcdk;? igh&Jhaq;vHk;awG jyefay;prf;? wpfvHk;avsmh&if rif;&Jhtdk;wpfacsmif; igcsdK;ypfr,f?
aemufqHk; rif;wpfudk,fvHk;udk ta&cHGcGmypfr,f}}
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olwdkY\ rdwfaqGtjzpf owfrSwfvdkufawmhonf/
xdkpOfrSmyif tvGeftHhMo xl;qef;zG,faumif;vSonfh vlBuD;wpfa,muf vsifjrefpGmajy;vmonfudk awGY&
onf/ xdkvlBuD;rSm tvGefw&m 0zdkifhvSojzifh abmvHk;BuD;wpfvHk;uJhokdY jzpfaeonf/
0vGef;vSojzifh vnfyif;&Sdonf[kyif rxif&awmhacs/ acgif;BuD;uvnf; jym;aeojzifh wlESifhxkxm;NyD;
ukd,fvHk;BuD;ay: wifxm;onfhyrm jzpfae\/
rsufESm&Sd rsufcHk;? rsufvHk;? ESmacgif;ESifh yg;pyfwdkYrSmvnf; tm;vHk; yHkysufyef;ysuf Munfhraumif;Iraumif;
jzpfaeonf/
vltm;vHk;onf uJhokdY xl;qef;vSaomf yHkyef;oPmefBuD;udk awGYvdkuf&aomtcg r&,fbJ raeEdkifMu
awmhay/
xdkvlBuD;onf avSa&SUodkY a&mufvmaomtcg [efBuD;yefBuD;ESifh vufESpfzufudk cg;axmufNyD;&yf ...
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axmifuef;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
477
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tJ'DacG;olcdk; xGufajy;oGm;NyDuG? olYajcvSrf;u odyfjrefwm? igwdkYawmif vkdufvdkYrrDbl;? rif;u 'DyHkpHBuD;eJY

aES;aES;auG;auG; wvdrfhvdrfhvdkufvmawmh aemufq,fESpfawmif rif; olYudk rDrSmr[kwfbl;}}
xdkvlBuD;u ol\ao;i,faom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh axmifuef;udk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;Munfhvkduf\/ NyD;rS
avxJwGif acgif;udkarmh teHYcHaevdkufonf/
csufcsif;yif xatmfvdkufonf/
]]igh&Jhaq;vHk; ... igh&Jhaq;vHk;}}
xdkvlBuD;onf avSay:odkY kwfw&ufckefwufvdkufNyD; ESmacgif;wHIUHIUjzifh vdkuf teHUcHaejyefawmh\/
pm;yJGay:&Sd t&ufcGufwpfckudkvnf; aumufudkifvdkufum olYESmacgif;teD;wGif uyf teHYcHjyefonf/
xdktcg xdkvlBuD;\rsufESmrSm tBuD;tus,f ysufoGm;awmhonf/ ol\rsufESmrSm e*dkuwnf;u kyfqdk;
&onfhtxJ xdkuJhodkY rsufESmysuf HIUrJhaeaomtcg qkdzG,f&mr&Sdawmhacs/ tvGefyif tMunfh&qdk;aeawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;url xdkvlBuD;\ rsufESmudjk rifvdkuf&onfESifh xkdvlBuD;rSm tBuD;tus,f pdwfxdcdkufaeaMumif;
odvkdufrdawmh\/ xdkvlBuD;onf useft&ufcGuf ckepfcGufudkvnf; ,lvdkufNyD; teHYcHMunfhonf/ EIwfrSvnf;
wwGwfwGwfESifh ua,mifuwrf; a&Gwfaeawmh\/ ola&Gwfaeonfh pum;vHk;rSm wpfvHk;wnf;om
jzpfawmh\/
]]igh&Jhaq;vHk; ... igh&Jhaq;vHk;}}
aemufq;Hk wGif olonf rnfodkYrQ xdef;csKyfjcif;iSm rpGrf;EdkifawmhbJ pdwfxdcdkufaMuuJGvSpGmjzifh avSBuD;\
ukef;ywfay:wGif xkdifcsum csHK;yJGcs idkvdkufawmhonf/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdYu apmapmu a'gowBuD;jzifh atmf[pfqJqdkvmaom vlBuD;rSm ,ck pdwfxdckduf
aMuuJGvSpGm xdkifidkaeonfudk awGYvdkufMu&ojzifh tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;NyD; tem;odkY0kdif;vmum ar;jref;Muawmh
\/
]]bmjzpfvkdY idk&wmvJ}}
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um; tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdY\ wpfa,mufwpfayguf ar;jref;oHaywnf;/
xdkvlBuD;u idkoHBuD;jzifh ...
]]igh&Jhaq;vHk;awGudk 'Daumif t&ufeJYa&maomufypfvkdufNyD? ta&;BuD;wmu igh&JUaq;vHk;awGudk jyef&zdkYyJ?
tck olYudk owfypfvkdufvdkY bmtusdK;xl;awmhrmS vJ}} [k jyefajymjyawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm &ifxJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;NyD; ...
]]cifAsm;&JUaq;vHk; [kwfvm;? bmaq;vHk;awGvJ? usKyfrod&ao;bl;vm;}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
xdkvlu rsuf&nfpufvufjzifh ...
]]ighaq;vHk;awG ... ighaq;vHk;awG? 'Daq;vHk;awG[m vG,fvG,fulul&EdkifwJh aq;vHk;awG r[kwfygbl;? igu
q,fESpfwdwd tcsdefukefcHNyD; aq;jrpf? aq;O? aq;GufawG &SmazGpkaqmif;NyD; 'D ]toufquf} aq;vHk;&SpfvHk;udk
ig azmfpyfcJh&wmyg? 'DacG;olcdk;u usKyfqDu 'Daq;vHk;awGudkcdk;NyD; t&ufeJY aomufypfvdkufw,f}} [k pdwfxdckduf
pGm jyefajymawmhonf/
xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;\&ifxJ ydkrdkvIyf&Sm;oGm;jyefawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh tvsif
pvdk ar;jref;vdkufrdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
478
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Daq;vHk;&SpfvkH;&Jh t&omu b,fvdkaeovJ}}

xdkvlBuD;u ...
]]aq;vHk;&SpfvHk;&Jh t&omu wpfrsdK;eJYwpfrsdK; rwlMubl;? wcsdKUu odyfcg;w,f? wcsdKUu zefw,f? wcsdKUu
csOfw,f? wcsdKUu aomufvkduf&if vnfacsmif;udk"m;eJYxdk;pdkufvkdufovdkyJ? 'Daq;vHk;&Spfv;Hk udk aomufvdkuf&if
b,favmufBuD;us,fwJh twGif;'Pf&m &aeyavhap? rkcs 'Pf&mu oufom&r,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\aygifudk wpfcsufykwfvdkufNyD; ...
]][m ... 'Dvdkqdk 'kuyJ? 'DusLcsef;qdkwJhvlu aq;vHk;&SpfvHk;udk t&ufxJxnfhNyD; oludk,fwdkifaomufvkdufwm
r[kwfbl;? ol ... ol ... olu ... }}
xdkvl0BuD;u odcsifaZmjzifh atmf[pfar;jref;vdkufonf/
]]olu bmjzpfovJ ajymprf;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ...
]]olu usKyfudk nmNyD;aomufcdkif;wm? usKyfuawmh t&ufxJrSm 'Daq;vHk;awG xnfhxm;rSef; rodygbl;?
t&uft&omawG xl;jcm;aevdkY aocsmatmif cifAsm;udk ar;Munfh&wm? usKyfpdwfxJrSm tqdyfawGcyfxm;w,f
vdkYawmif xifaeao;w,f}}
vl0BuD;onf tBuD;tus,f a'goxGufvmNyD; ...
]]tqdyf ... bmtqdyfvJ? rif; ... rif;u igh&JU toufqufaq;vHk;awGudk aomufvkdufw,f? [kwfvm;}} [k
atmf[pfawmhonf/
aemufq;Hk ol\a'goudk rxdef;csKyfEdkifawmhbJ vifh[lcsHK;xHokdY ckeftkyfvkdufawmhonf/ tHhzG,fig;a,muf
wkdYrSmvnf; ab;em; owdvufvGwf &yfaeMujcif;r[kwfay/ tajctaeudk aphaphpyfpyf apmifhMunfhaeMujcif;
jzpf&m xdkvl0BuD; vIyf&Sm;vdkufonfESifh olwdkYuvnf; wpfNydKifeuf vIyf&Sm;vdkufMuonf/ vQyfwpfjyuf
ckefxGufNyD;onfESifh xdkvl0BuD;\ ajcvufav;acsmif;wdkYudk zrf;qJGvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u pdk;&drfwBuD; vSrf;atmfNyD; [efYwm;vdkufonf/
]]a[hvlawG ... olYudk rowfeJY}}
tjzpfu tvGefxl;qef;vSonf/ tHhzG,fav;a,mufwkdY zrf;qJGxm;onfh vl0BuD;\ ajcvufrsm;onf
wjznf;jznf; wdk0ifoGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh vl0BuD;\ ajcESifhvufrsm;udk qJGqefYxkwfMujyefawmh\/ rnfrQ
tHhMozG,f&m aumif;vdkufygoenf;? odkYqJGqefYxkwfonfhtcgwGiv
f nf; vl0BuD;\ajcvufrsm;onf qJGav
&SnfavjzpfvmNyD;? olYudk,fxJrS wu,fyif &SnfxGufvmawmh\/ vdyfwpfaumif\ ajcvufrsm;udk olYcEmudk,f
tcHGxJrS qJGxkwfonfESifh wlvSayonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u xyfrHowday;vdkufjyefonf/
]]a[hvlawG ... usKyfajymaew,faemf? olYudk rowfMueJY? olu qHk;HI;xm;&wJhvl? olYudkowf&if cifAsm;wdkYeJY
usKyfeJY awGYr,f}}
tHhzG,fav;a,mufwkdYonf olwdkY\ qJGqefYaeaom tm;rsm;udk avQmhay;vdkufonf/ xdktcg ajcvuf
av;acsmif;pvHk; wjznf;jznf; jyefusHKU0ifoGm;NyD; abmvHk;BuD;uJhodkY jzpfoGm;jyefawmh\/
xdkjrifuGif;udk xrf;pifwGifvJavsmif;aeonfh axmifqufu Munfh&if; vufckyfvuf0g;wD;vsuf tm;ay;ae
awmh\/
]]odyfMunfhvdkYaumif;wmyJa[h? 'gu bmodkif;ynmvJrodbl;? awmfawmfxl;qef;wJh odkif;ynmyJa[h}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
479
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifquf\pum;udk Mum;vdkufMu&aomtcg tHhzG,fav;a,mufwkdYu olwdkY\ avQmhxm;onfhtm;rsm;udk

jyefwif;vkdufNyD; csufcsif; qJGqefYMujyefawmh\/ xdktcg vl0BuD;\ajcvufrsm; jyefvnf&SnfxGufvmjyef
awmhonf/ axmifqufu vufckyfwD; quftm;ay;aeonf/
vdefvdefESihf 0gqef;*dkPf;rS rdef;uav;wynfhrsm;rSmvnf; xdkjrifuGif;udkMunfh wcpfcpf &,farmaerdMu
awmh\/
]]at; ... igwkdYu rif;&JhajcvufawG qJGqefYay;vdkufawmh rif; ydkNyD; Munfhaumif;oGm;wmaygh? EdkYrdkYqdk&if
rif;rSm ajcr&Sd vufr&SdovdkjzpfNyD; abmvHk;BuD;eJY odyfwlaew,f? tckigwdkYqJGqefYxkwfay;vdkufawmh vleJY wloGm;
awmhwmaygh}}
axmifuef;\pum;aMumifh vdefvdefwYdk rdef;uav;wpfodkuf ydk&,fMuawmh\/
vl0BuD;onf kwfw&uf ...
]][m ... 'kuyJ}} [k atmfvdkufawmh\/ tHhzG,fav;a,mufwkdYrSm vl0BuD;\ tmar#dwfoHaMumifh
tm;tenf;i,f avQmhvdkufNyD; pl;prf;vdkufonf/
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJuG ... }}
tHhzG,fav;a,mufwkdY\ zrf;qkyftm; tenf;i,faysmhoGm;onfudk tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; ol\ajcvufrsm;udk
ydkusHKUvkdufaomtcg vl0BuD;onf tHhzG,fav;a,mufwdkY\ vufxJrS vGwfajrmufoGm;awmh\/
xdkvl0BuD;onf vGwfajrmufoGm;onfESifh avSay:rS ckefqif;xGufajy;onfr[kwfacs/ avS0rf;xJodkY
vSdrfhcsoGm;awmh\/ csufcsif;vdkyif ]0kef;} ceJ toHBuD;Mum;vdkuf&NyD; avS0rf;wGif; taygufBuD;wpfayguf
jzpfoGm;\/ vl0BuD;onf avS0rf;udkazmuf jrpfxJrSwqifh xGufajy;oGm;avNyDwum; ...
avSay:&Sdvltm;vHk; kwf kwfoJoJ jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ tb,frSmvQif odkYrjzpfbJaeEdkifawmhtHhenf;/
vl0BuD;azmufxGif;vdkufonfh taygufBuD;rS a&rsm; 'va[mpD;0ifaeNyDjzpf rsm;rMumrDtcsdeftwGi;f avSBuD;
epfjrKyfawmhrnf jzpfjcif;aMumifhaywnf;/
&ufykcRefu atmf[pf trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]tm;vHk; udk,fhypnf;udk,fo,fNyD; urf;ay:udk ckefwufMu ... }}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;u olwdkYq&m\trdeYt
f wdkif; olwdkY\ypnf;rsm;udk o,f,lvsuf urf;ay:odkY
ckefwuf vdkufMuonf/ avSolBuD;crsm rsufpdrsufESmysufvsuf rnfokdYvkyfudkif&rnfrSef; rodEdkifavmufatmif
aomuyGm; Asmrsm;vsuf &Sdaeawmh\/
avSolBuD;\tjzpfudk vifh[lcsHK;u pmemrdojzifh ...
]]cifAsm; ... bmrSpdwfylraeygeJY? cifAsm;&JhavSBuD;[m b,favmufwefzdk;&SdovJ? cifAsm;&JUavSwefzdk;udk
jyef&ap&r,f? usKyfavsmfay;r,f? pdwfat;at;omxm;yg ... }} [k ESpfodrfhvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtcgrSom avSolBuD;crsm pdwfat;vufat; [if;csEdkifawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSmrl apmapmu tjzpftysufrsm;twGuf pdwfxJwGif tvGeftHhMoaerdonf/
]]igu usL;csef;qdw
k JhvleJY vHk;0rodbl;? olu 'Davmuftzdk;wefwJh aq;vHk;awG bmjzpfvkdY vmnmwdkuf
&wmvJrodb;l ? [kd vl0BuD;ajymoGm;wJh pum;t&qdk&if awmfawmhfudk tcsdef,lNyD; azmfpyfxm;wJh aq;vHk;awGyJ
... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
480
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\twGif;tm;udk prf; xkwfMunfhvkduf\/ rnfokdYrQ xkwfr&acs/ olYudk,fwGif;&Sd

twGif;tm;vdIi;f &SpfckwdkYuom olYwpfudk,fvHk;tm; ajAmif;qefatmif 'kuay;avawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh xyfrH
rBudK;pm;0HhawmhbJ NidrfoufpGm xdkifae&awmh\/
avmifwufonf aemufxyfavSBuD;wpfpif; oGm;a&mufiSm;&rf;vmonf/ xdkYaMumifh vltm;vHk; avSay:odkY
wufNyD; udk,fhae&mud,
k f toD;oD;ae&m,l &ufykcRef\trdeu
fY dk apmifhqdkif;aeMuawmh\/ &ufykcReftaejzifh
ae&m vHk;0&yfwefYraecsifawmhay/ ae&mrS apmapmxGufcGmEdkifvQif aemufxyf jyemrsm; wufEdkif
awmhrnfr[kwf[k wGufqxm;onf/ odkYaomf narSmifae avSolBuD;taejzifh avSudk urf;rScGm&ef rwwfEdkif
bJ jzpfae&awmhonf/ xkdYaMumifh xdknwGif avSxJwGifom tdyfpufvdkufMu&awmh\/
tHhzG,fig;a,mufwkdYrSmvnf; ,aeYtzdkY usLcsef;ESifh vl0BuD;wdkYESpfa,muf rdrdwdkYvufxJrS atmifjrifpGm
xGufajy; vGwfajrmufoGm;EdkifcJhMuonfudk t&SufBuD; &SufaerdMuawmh\/ xkdYaMumifh olwdkYvnf; apmpD;pGm
tdyf&m0ifMuawmhonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u taMumif; pum;pyfajymaeMuvQif rdrdwdkYtzdkY ydk
t&Suf&Ekdifonf[k awG;rdMuNyD; odkY cyfapmapm tdyf&m0ifMujcif;jzpf\/
&ufykcRefurl vHk;0 tdyfraysmfacs/ olYacgif;xJwGif tawG;rsdK;pHk csmvnfvnfaeawmhonf/ awG;p&m
uvnf; rsm;jym;vSonf r[kwfygvm;/
]]usLcsef;eJY [dkvl0BuD; ESpfa,mufu odkif;ynm tifrwefawmfwJh vlESpfa,mufyJ? awmfHkwefHk xdyfoD;qdkwJh
odkif;orm;awG 'DvlESpfa,mufudk b,fEdkifatmif wkdufEdkifvdrfhrvJ? 'DvlESpfa,mufu b,fhES,f vifh[lcsHK;eJY
vmywfoufaewmygvdrfh ... }}
&ufykcRef\ tawG;onf rQESifh &yfwefYoGm;onf r[kwfacs/ 0gqef;awmifrStqif; bk&m;ausmif;twGif;
rsufESmzHk;pGyf q,fhig;a,muf\ rsufvHk;rsm;udk "m;jzifh xdk;azmufcJhonfh "m;uGufudk jyefpOf;pm;rdjyefonf/
xkdpOf olu urf;pyfay:rS ajy;vmaeonfh ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufrdawmh\/ ajcoHjyif;vGef;vSonf
r[kwfacs/ wdk;wdk;nif;nif;uav;om ajcoHxGufonf/ &ufykcRefonf qwfceJ rwfwwf&yf urf;ay:odkY
vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ va&mifatmuf0,f vlESpfa,muf ayghyg;pGm ajy;vmaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/
xdkvlESpfa,mufonf avSESifhteD;qHk; urf;pyfwGif kwfw&uf &yfwefYvdkufMu\/ &ufykcRefu olwdkY
ESpfa,muf rnfonfhpum;udk ajym&rnfudk odcsifrdojzifh ol\rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udk xkwfvdkufawmhonf/
xkdtcg ol\ em;tMum;pGrf;tifonf omreftcsdefrsm;xuf ydk&Sifoefvmonf/
xdkpOf urf;ay:&Sd ESpfa,mufteuf wpfa,mufu ...
]]'DavSyJ ... rrSm;bl; ... }}
aemufwpfa,mufu ...
]]aumif;NyD? igwkdYq&mqDjyefoGm;NyD; owif;ydkYMu&atmif}}
xdkvlESpfa,mufonf xkdrQompum;ajymMuNyD; aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfh ajy;oGm;Muawmhonf/ &ufykcRefrSm
rsm;pGm pdwfIyaf xG;oGm;awmh\/
vlESpfa,mufonf rnfonfh*dkPf;? rnfonfhtzJGYurSef; vHk;0rcefYrSef;EkdifcJh/ olwkdYajymcJhMuonfh pum;rsm;
uvnf; wpfa,mufwpfcGef;rQom ajymcJhMujcif;jzpfojzifh xdkpum;rsm;rS rnfonfh oJvGefprQ r&EdkifcJh/ olwdkY
onfvnf; vifh[cl sHK;tm; vm&SmMuonfvm; rqdkEdkifay/
xdktcsdefrSmyif urf;pyfwpfae&mrS rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ toHwpfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]]&SifwdkYtdrfrSm wu,fyJ bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyf &Sdaeovm;[if ... }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
481
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktoH&SifrSm rdrd\orD; vdefvdefjzpfaMumif; &ufykcRefaumif;pGmod\/ xdkYjyif olrpum;ajymvdkufonfh

olrSm vifrdefusufjzpfaMumif; aA'ifar;p&myif rvdkawmhacs/ olwdkYESpfa,muf rnfonfhtcsdefu urf;ay:odkY
wufoGm;Muonfukyd if rdrdtaejzifh owdrxm;rdcJhay/
&ufykcRefonf rdrd\orD; vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusufwdkY\ tajctaeudk aumif;pGm&dyfpm;rdcJhNyD;jzpfonf/
aemufydkif;&ufrsm;wGif vifrdefusufwpfa,muftay: vdefvdefu arwmrQvdkuf[ef wlayonf/ aeYvnf aeYcif;
bufwGif *dkPf;wlnDtpfudkrsm;u aemufajymifusDp,frnfpk;d ojzifh rodvkdufrodbmom cyfuGmuGmaeMuNyD;
nbufusrS wdwfwqdwf csdef;awGUMujcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xdkpOf vifrdefusuf\toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]igwkdYtdrfrSm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;ynmawmh &Sdwmaygh? ig rif;udk upm;jyNyD;NyDr[kwfvm;? tJ'g igwwforQ
ynm tukefygyJ? "m;odkif;pmtkyfqdkwmawmh wu,fhudkr&Sdwmyg? &Sdw,fqdk&if igwdkYawGYzl;&rSmaygh ... }}
vdefvdefu ...
]]'geJYrsm; ... &Sifhbdk;bdk; aT"m;&Sif0rfG,feJY &SifhOD;av;ESpfa,mufu bmjzpfvdkY tpfudkBuD;udk &SifwdkY&JU "m;odkif;
pmtkyfudk cdk;oGm;w,fvdkY xifae&wmvJ? [kdtdrfrSmwkef;u tpfudkBuD;udk vkyfvdkufMuwm kyfysufqif;ysufyJ ... }}
]]'gu olwdkY txifrSm;aeMuwmyg? igu olwdkYxifovdk rxifygbl; ... }}
]]pum;udkvnf; Munfhajymygaemf? &Sifhbdk;bdk;eJY &SifhOD;av;awG tpfudkBuD;udk pGyfpGyfpJGpJG vkyfaewkef;u bmjzpf
vdkY &Sifu tpfudkBuD;bufu 0ifNyD; rumuG,f&wmvJ? tpfudkBuD;tay: txifrrSm;bl;qkd&if &Sif0ifNyD;
umuG,f&rSmaygh ... }}
]]'gvm; ... 'gu 'Dvdk&Sdw,fav? tazeJYtarwdkY aocgeD;wkef;u bmawGrSmoGm;w,fqdkwm igudk,fwdkif
Mum;&wmrS r[kwfwm? tJ'Dawmh ightaeeJY tpfudkBuD;bufu t&rf;0ifumuG,fvdkY b,fjzpfrvJ ... }}
]]&Sif;&Sif;ajymprf;yg? &Sifvnf; tpfudkBuD;udk odyfr,Hkbl; r[kwfvm; ... }}
]]vdefvdef ... tJovdk pum;rsdK;rajymeJY? awmfMum 'Dpum;udk tpfudkBuD;Mum;oGm;&if igwkdY*dkPf;wl
nDtpfudkcsif; pdwf0rf;uJGaeMuOD;r,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f suf\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vdefvdefonf ceJYNyHK;jyHK;rdawmhonf/ NyD; olru ...
]]&Sifvnf; awmfawmf [efaqmifwwfw,f? udk,fu olrsm;udk r,HkouFmjzpfvnf; jzpfw,faygh? Bmjzpf
ovJ? uRefrom &Sifhae&ma&mufae&if tapmBuD;uwnf;u tpfudkBuD;udk &Sif;&Sif; zGifhar;vdkufNyD ... }}
olr\pum;udk acw&yfNyD; va&mifjzifh jrifae&aom vifred fusuf\rsufESmudkMunfh ajymvkdufawmh\/
]]&Sifh&JUpdwfoabmxm;uvnf; tazeJYwlwmyJ? &Sifa&m taza&m ESpfa,mufpvHk; tpfudkBuD;tay:rSm
enf;enf;rS t,HktMunfr&SdMubl;? tpfudkBuD;u &SifwkdYqDu "m;odkif;pmtkyfudk cdk;xm;w,fvdkYxifaew,f ... }}
vifrdeu
f sufu kwfw&uf0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]b,fvdk ... q&muvnf; r,HkouFmjzpfaew,f [kwfvm; ... }}
vdefvdefu wcpfcpf&,f&if; ...
]]a[m ... ay:vmNyD ... ay:vmNyD? &Sifudk,fwdkifu r,HkouFmrjzpfbl;qkd&if bmjzpfvdkY ]q&muvnf;} qkdwJh
pum;udk ajym&wmvJ? 'gaMumifhuRefrajymwmaygh? &SifhpdwfeJY tazhpdwf wlw,fvdkY? &SifwdkYu udk,fhtBuHtpnfudk
udk,fhAdkufxJrSmyJ zHk;zdxm;Muw,f? yg;pyfuawmh wpfcGef;rS r[Mubl;? tifrwef [efaqmif aumif;wJhvlawG
...}} [k ajymvkdufawmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
482
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aq;&SpfvHk;
rQ wdwfqw
d fNidrfoufaeonfh nBuD;oef;acgifwGif tvGefw&m us,favmifvSaom atmfoHBuD; wpfcku
ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; wkef[nf;oGm;rwwf xGufay:vmawmhonf/
]]t&Sufr&SdwJhaumifawG? olrsm;aemufuG,frSm olrsm;udk rawmfrw&m;awG avQmufajymaeMuw,f? udk,f
wdkifawmh bmtpGrf;tprS r&SdMubl;? tpGrf;tp&Sw
d Jh vlawGudkusawmh avQmufNyD; ykwfcwfaeMuw,f? vifh[lcsKH;
udk rif;wdkUu bmrSwfaeMuovJ? ypfpvufcwfaewwfvdkY txifao;aeMuwmvm;/ vifh[lcsKH;u ol&Jaumif;
uG? ol&Jaumif; ...}}
xdktoHBuD;onf us,favmifvGef;vSojzifh urf;pyfwGif qdkufuyfxm;aom avSxJ&Sd vltm;vHk; tvefY
wMum; Edk;vmMuawmh\/ opfyifrsm;;ay:&Sd tdyfwef;wufaeaom iSufrsm;yif vefY xysHukefawmhonf/
xdkpOf tvGefBuD;rm;aom vl&dyfBuD;wpfcku vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwdkYxHodkY ckeftkyfvdkufawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufESifh vdefvdefwdkYrSm at;at;aq;aq; pum;ajym&ef urf;ay:odkY wufvmMujcif; jzpfojzifh
vufeufwpfpHkwpfckrQ rygMuay/ vuf0g;apmif;jzifh dkufxkwfumuG,f&ef odkif;uGufeif; tqifoifhjyifqif
xm;vdkufMuonf/
&ufykcRefurl xdkvl\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&uwnf;u xdkvl\twGif;tm;onf rdrdxuf vHk;0 rnHhaMumif;
odvdkufonf/ rQ twGif;tm;aumif;olwpfa,mufu rdrd\orD;ESifh vifrdefusufwdkYudk &efjyKaeonfudk
awGU&aomtcg tvGepf dwfyloGm;rdonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]rvkyfeJY} [katmf[pfwm;qD;vdkufawmh\/ atmfoHESifhtwl avSxJrS ckefxGufum urf;ay:odkY
ckefwufvdku\
f / olurf;ay:odkYyif ra&mufao;/ avxJ &SdaepOfrSmyif xdkvlu vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusuf
wdkYESpfa,mufudk tkyfuav;ESpfkyfuJhokdY qGJajrmufxm;avNyD/ qGJajrmufzrf;,lNyD;onfESifh aemufaMumif;odkY
jyefvSnfhajy;awmh\/
&ufykcRefrSm xdkvl\ vsifjrefrIudk rsm;pGm xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/ ajrBuD;odkY ajcaxmufrdonfESihf udk,fazmh
okdif;ynmudk toHk;jyKum xdkvlYaemufodkY vdkufawmh\/ vufxJrS"m;jzifh a&SUrSajy;aeaom xdkvl\aemufodkY
xdk;pdkufvdkuf\/
xdkol\ cEmudk,fBuD;rSm bDvl;BuD;wrQ aMumufrufzG,f usm;,m; BuD;rm; jrifharmufvSonf/ ajcvSrf;BuD;
rsm;uvnf; wpfvSrf;wpfvSrf; tvGefus,fpGm vSrf;Edkifonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
483
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefu "m;jzifh vSrf;xdk;vdkufaomfvnf; xdkvlBuD;u a&SUodkY wpfvSrf;wdk;vdkufHkjzifh &ufykcRef\"m;ESifh

vGwfxGufoGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRefu aemufxyfwpfcsuf xyfxdk;vdkufjyef\/ vlYbDvl;BuD;rSm vlESpfa,mufudk qGJrxm;aomf
vnf; ajcvSrf;rSm vGefpGmoGufvufvS\/ a&SUwpfvSrf; xyfwdk;jyefaomtcg &ufykcRef\"m;onf bDvl;BuD;udk
rrDEdkifbJ xyfrHvGefoGm;jyef\/
xdkpOf vlUbDvl;BuD;u kwfw&uf aemufjyefvSnfhvdkufum &ufykcReftm; ajcaxmufjzifh oHk;csufwdwd
qufwdkuf wdkufcdkufvdkufawmh\/
xdkvl\ ajcaxmufuefcsufrsm;rSm jyif;xeftm;ygvSojzifh &ufykcRefrSm aemufbufodkY qufwdkufvdkvdk
qkwfcGma&Smifwdrf; ay;&awmhonf/
&ufykcRef aemufodkY qkwfcGm&aomtcg xdkvlYbDvl;BuD;onf jyefvnfckefxGufoGm;&if; ...
]]0gqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;u odyfrqdk;vSbl;bJ ... aemufxyf at;at;aq;aq; awGUMuao; wmaygh ...
tJ'DtcgusrS 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU"m;odkif;udk taotcsm qef;ppfr,f}} [k ajymvdkuf\/
&ufykcRefonf xdkol\ pum;rqHk;ao;rDyif wpfcsufatmfvdkufNyD; "m;jzifh xdkvlYbDvl;BuD;\ acgif;udk
vQyfwjyuf ckwfcsvdkuf\/
&ufykcRef\ ckwfcsufonf vsifjrefygayonf/ odkYaomf xdkvlUbDvl;BuD;\ a&Smifwdrf;EdkifrIu ydk vQifjref
aeayao;\/
xdkvlYbDvl;BuD;u olYOD;acgif;udk iHkYa&Smifvdkufonf/ odkYaomf &ufykcRef\"m;onf vrf;aMumif;ajymif;NyD;
xdkvlBuD;\ rsufvHk;rsm;odkY kwfw&uf xdk;pdkufvdkufawmhonf/ xdkvlBuD;u olYOD;acgif;udk aemufodkY iJhvsuf
a&Smifwdrf;ay;vdkufaomfvnf; olYacgif;aygif;url "m;csufrS vGwfuif;onftxd rwdrf;EdkifcJhay/
xdktcg acgif;aygif;jyKwfusoGm;NyD; qHyifvHk;0r&Sdonfh acgif;wHk;BuD;wpfa,muf jzpfaeaMumif; odvdkuf
awmhonf/ bkef;BuD;wpfyg; jzpfae[efwlayonf/
xdkbkef;BuD;onf tHhzG,ftrIwpfckudk csufcsif; jyKvkyfvdkufonf/ olYvuf wpfzufwpfcsufpD qGJudkifxm;
aom vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusufwdkYudk vufwpfzufwnf; pkpnf;csKyfudkifvdkufonf/ &ufykcReftm; vSnfhNyD;
&ifqdkifum usefvGwfaeonfh vufwpfzufjzifh &ufykcRef\"m;jym;udk vufndK;jzifh awmufxkwfvdkufawmh
onf/ NyD;vQif csufcsif;vdkvdkyif aemufjyefckefxGufoGm;NyD; xGufajy;oGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRefrSm aemufrSqufvdkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/ xdkcPtwGif;rSmyif ol"m;udkifxm;onfh vufig;
acsmif;pvHk; wjznf;jznf; xHkusOfvmum aemufqHk; vHk;0rudkifEdkifawmhbJ "m;yifvGwfus oGm;&awmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf
vGwfusoGm;aom"m;
ajray:odkYrusrDyif
b,fvufjzifh
zrf;,lvdkuf\/
rdrd\nmbufvufudk 0if;jzmaeaom vrif;BuD;\tvif;a&mifjzifh aocsmpGm Munfhvdkufrdonf/ rdrd\
vufacsmif;uav; ig;acsmif;pvHk; a&mifudkif;aeonfudk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
xdkpOf zl;vifu "m;udkqGJ &ufykcRefab;em;odkY a&muf&Sdvm\/ olru uref;uwef; ar;vdkuf\/
]]vdefvdefaum ...}}
&ufykcRefu pum;rsm;rsm;rqdk/ ol\"m;jzifh bkef;BuD;ajy;oGm;&mt&yfudk xdk;jyvdkufNyD; ...
]]vdkuf}}[k atmfvdkufawmhonf/
olu atmf&if; ckefxGufoGm;onfjzpf&m zl;vifuvnf; &ufykcRefaemufrS ajy;vdkuf&awmh\/ va&mif
atmufwGif vifr,m;ESpfa,muf "m;qGJ ajy;vdkufaeyHkrSm ta0;rSMunfhvQif wapo&Jrsm; ajy;vTm;aeonfhES,f
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
484
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
w&dyf&dyf jzpfaeawmhonf/ odkYaomf rQ jrefqefpGm vdkufMuygaomfvnf; xdkvlBuD;udk vHk;0rawGUawmhacs/

zl;vifrSm orD;jzpfol tzrf;cHoGm;&onfjzpf tvGepf dwfvIyf&Sm;NyD; awGU&mopfyifrsm;udk ckwfxpfypfawmh\/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]vdefvdefudk zrf;oGm;wJhvlu vifh[lcsKH;&JU rdwfaqG jzpfyHk&w,f ... vifh[lcsKH;eJY rywfouf&ifawmh pdk;&drfp&m
&SdwmtrSefy?J tck vifh[lcsKH;eJY ywfoufaeyHk&awmh orD;udk 'Pf&m&atmifawmh vkyfr,frxifbl; ... 'Davmuf
vnf; pdwfylraeygeJY ... igwdkY vifh[lcsLH;udk jyefar;Munfh&ifaumif;vdrfhr,f ...}}
zl;vifu acgif;ndwf ...
]][kwfw,f ... 'Dvlu vifh[lcsKH;&JU rdwfaqGjzpfEkdifw,f? bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tJ'Dvlu orD;eJY vifrdefusuf
u vifh[lcsKH;udk bmjzpfvdkY rawmfrw&m; ykwfcwfae&wmvJvdkY atmfoHMum;vdkuf&w,f ... orD;wdkYu
vifh[lcsKH;udk bmrsm; ykwfcwfrdMuvdkYvJ rodbl;}} [k jyefajzvdkufonf/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]orD;eJY vifrdefusufwdkYu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfeJYywfoufNyD; ajymaeMuwmyJ ... vifrdefusuf&JU pum;u
vifh[lcsKH;udk enf;enf;xdcdkufovdk jzpfoGm;vdkY 'Dvdkatmfvdkufwm ...}}
olwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf avSay:odkY jyefa&mufvmaomtcg wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;pGmjzifh avSukef;ywfay:
wGif&yfvsuf olwdkYudk apmifhpm;aeMuonhf wynfhrsm;udk awGUvkdufMu&onf/
&ufykcRefu taMumif;csif;&mudk ar;jref;vdkufonf/
xdktcg apmapmu avS0rf;udk azmufxGuf ajy;oGm;onfh vl0BuD;onf &ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwdkY xGufoGm;
onfESifh jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmNyD; vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;aMumif; wkefwkef,if,ifESifh ajymjyMu
awmh\/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYuvnf; vifh[lcsHK;udk u,fwifEdkif&ef aemufrS vdkufoGm;MuaMumif; odvdkufMu&
awmh\/
&ufykcRefu vif[lcsKH;udk rnfonfht&yfbufodkY zrf;qD;ac:aqmifoGm;aMumif; xyfar;vdkuf\/ NyD;rS
zl;viftm; ...
]]nDrav; ... rif;uawmh 'DrSmyJ apmifhaecJhayawmh ... rif;ygvdkufvm&if apmapmuvdk wpfa,mufa,muf
u vmapmfum;aeOD;r,f ... wynfhcsnf;yJusefaeawmh bmrS rvkyfwwf rudkifwwfeJY acgif;iHkYcHaeMu&vdrfhr,f
... igawmh vifh[cl sHK;aemuf vdkufMunfhr,f ...}}
&ufykcRefonf olYpum;qHk;onfESifh udk,fazmhodkif;ynmudk oHk;um tajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/
twefMum ajy;vTm;rdrS ol\ta&SUbufwGif 0if;NcHBuD;wpfckESifh tdrfwpfvHk;udk awGUvkduf&awmhonf/
olonf tvGefowd0D&d, aumif;oljzpf&m 0if;NcHtwGif;odkY tvsifpvdk r0ifay/ 0if;jcHteD;odkY owdBuD;pGm
uyfoGm;NyD; 0if;NcHab;em; uyf aygufaeaom opfyifBuD;wpfyifay:odkY ckefwufvdkufonf/
NyD;rS rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;udkxkwf twGif;rS toHAvHrsm;udk em;pGifhvdkufawmhonf/
xdktcg tdrfwGi;f rS pum;ajymoHrsm;udk yDyDoo Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ xdktoHrSm vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;qD;oGm;
aom vl0BuD;\ toHjzpf\/
olYtoHrSm cufxefrmausmaeonf/
]]usLcsef;u rif;eJY bmawmfovJ ... rSefrSefajymprf;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ jyefajzoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/
]]usLcsef;eJY usKyfeJY bmrSrawmfygbl; ... usLcsef;udk 'DwpfcgyJ usKyfawGUzl;w,f ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
485
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vl0BuD;u tvGefa'goxGufaeonfh toHjzifh atmfvdkufonf/

]]tckxufxd rif;u ighudk vmnmaew,faygh ... [kwfvm; ... rif;u ightaMumif;udk rodao;bl; ... rif;
ighudk b,favmufMumMum nmEdkifrSmvJ ... nmxm; ... igu rif;udk raor&SifvkyfNyD; aumif;aumif;ESdyfpufrSm
... tJ'DawmhrS rif;b,favmuf tonf;aumif;ovJqdkwm od&rSmaygh ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,f ...
]]cifAsm;&JU &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;aq;udk usKyfu aomufvdkufawmh cifAsm; a'gojzpfr,fqdkvnf; jzpfxdkufygw,f
... trSeftwkdif; ajym&&ifawmh usKyfvnf; 'Dt&ufawGaomufwkef;u 'Daq;vHk;awG ygrSef;awmif rodbl; ...
tJh'gxm;ygOD;av ... usKyfajymcsifwm ajymyg&apOD; ... cifAsm;&JUaq;u bmrS tmedoif&Sdwm r[kwfygbl;
...usKyftwGufawmh enf;enf;rS rxl;jcm;bl;}}[k ajymvdkuf\/
vl0BuD;u ydk a'goxGufvmum ...
]]bmajymw,fuG ... 'DavmufESpf&Snfvrsm; tyifyef;cHNyD; azmfpyfxm;wJhaq;udk bmrS tpGrf;r&Sdbl;vdkY
rif;rdkYajym&ufw,f? bmjzpfvdkY ighaq;u rpGrf;&rSmvJ}} [kajymawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u t&,frysufbJ ...
]]wu,fajymwmyg ... usKyfrSm bmrS nmp&mtaMumif;r&Sdygbl; ... usKyfu twGif;'Pf&m&xm;vdkY
aovljzpfaewJhvl? usKyftzdkYawmh wu,fhudk bmrSrxl;jcm;bl; ... usKyf ... trSeftwdkif; cifAsm;odatmif
ajymjyaewm ... r,HkvdkY cifAsm;u usKyfudk owfvnf; usKyfuraMumufao;bl;}}
vl0BuD;u ...
]][if; ... rif;u 'Dvdk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY aocsifvdkY b,f&rSmvJuGm? pdwfcs ... rif;udk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY
rowfbl;? jrefjrefrowfbl;? jznf;jznf;csif; owfrSm ... 'gayr,fh ckavmavmq,f vkyfief;rpao;bl; ...
rif;udk ar;p&m&Sdwm aoaocsmcsm ar;&OD;r,f ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u NyHK; ...
]]ar;p&m&Sdwm ar;ygAsm ... bmrS tm;remygeJY ... usKyfuvnf; usKyfodorQawmh jyefajymjyrSmyg ...
rod&ifar; rpif&ifaq;wJh ... uJ uJ ... ar;p&m&Sdwm ar;yg ...}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
]]awmf ...wdwf ... rif;u ighudk rdausmif;rif; a&cif;vmjyraeeJY ... igar;wmudkomajz? [dkacG;rom;
usKcsef;qdkwJhaumifu igeJY tESpfoHk;av;q,f aygif;oif;vmwJh oli,fcsif;uG ... ightay:rSm tifrwef opm&Sd
wJhaumif ... ckwpfcgawmh b,fhES,f azmufjyefoGm;&wmvJ rodbl; ... igawmh b,fvdkrSudk em;rvnfEdkifatmif
jzpfae&wm ...}}
]]'gvm; ... 'guawmh taMumif;&SdvkYd jzpfrSmayghAsm ... usKcsef;qdkwJhvludk Munfh&wm npfwD;npfywfae
ayr,fh pdwfoabmxm; ajzmifhrSefyHkawmh&ygw,f ... 'Dvdkkyf&nfrsKd;u ]rdwfaqGwdkYrSm ajzmifhrSefpGm opmrazmuf
ESifh} qdkwJh qHk;rpum;udk em;axmifr,fo
h lrsKd;yg ...}}
]]rif; 0ifajymjyefNyD ... igajymwmudkom em;axmifprf;? 'Davmuf ightay: opm&SdwJhaumifu igwyif
wyef;&Smxm;wJh aq;vHk;awGudk cdk;,lNyD; rif;udkauR;w,f qdkuwnf;u taMumif;&SdvdkYqdkwm igvnf; awG;rdwm
ayghuG ... ighemrnfudka&m rif;Mum;zl;&JUvm; ... avmifxdkqdkwJhemrnfudk rMum;bl;&if rif;nHhaeao;vdkY jzpf&r,f
...}}
]]aMomf ... cifAsm;emrnfu avmifxdkwJhvm; ... awGU&wm 0rf;omw,fAsm ...}}
]]a[haumif wdwfprf; ... rif;0rf;omwm 0rf;romwm igta&;rpdkufbl; ... igeJY usKcsef;qdkwJhaumifu
rif;wdkY&JU 0gqef;*dkPf;qdkwmudk zkwfavwJhig;yd &Sdw,fvdkYawmif rrSwfbl;uG ... tck usKcsef;u 0gqef;*dkPf;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
486
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rjzpfpavmuf wynfhav;wpfa,muftwGufeJY ighaq;vHk;awG cdk;oGm;w,fqdkwmu wu,fhudk xl;qef;wJhudpyJ

...}}
avmifxo
dk nf pum;ajym&if; a'goydkxGufvm[efjzifh awmufwacgufacguf jzpfvmjyefonf/ olu
quf atmfvdkufonf/
]]a[haumif ... rif;u usKcsef;&JUom; r[kwfbl;vm; ighudk rnmeJY ... rSefrSefajymprf;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[if;[if;jzifh &,f&if; ...
]]BuHBuHzefzefAsm ... usKyfu b,fhES,f usKcsef;&JUom; jzpfEdkifrvJAsm ... r[kwfygbl;? usKcsef;rSm
usKyftG,favmuf om;&Sdr&Sd cifAsm; rodbl;vm;}}[k jyefar;vdkufonf/
avmifxu
dk wD;wdk;a&Gwf ...
]]w,fvnf; xl;qef;ygvm;? ig 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHNyD; 'Daq;vHk;awG azmfpyfpkaqmif;ae&wmu
ighorD;av;twGufaMumifhuG ... ightwGufqdk&ifawmif 'Davmuf tyifyef;cHrSm r[kwfbl; ... ighorD;av;&JU
a&m*gu odyfjyif;xefae&Smw,f? olYcrsm a&m*gcHpm;&wm yifyef;vGef;vdkY ighrSm rMunfh&uf rjrif&uf jzpfae&
w,f ... rif;u usKcsef;&JU om;r[kwfbJeJY olu bmjzpfvdkY ighorD;twGuf 'Davmufta&;BuD;wJh aq;vHk;awGudk
cdk;NyD; rif;udk auR;&wmvJ}} [kajymaeawmh\/
xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;awmhonf/ vl0BuD; rQ BudwfrEdkifcJr&
a'goxGufae&jcif;rSm orD;tay: tMuifemw&m; BuD;vGef;vS jzpfayawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJwGif ...
]]tif; ... vufpowfawmh 'Dtbdk;BuD;u olYorD;twGuf 'Daq;vHk;awG azmfpyfxm;wmudk; ... tck igu
pm;ypfvdkufawmh tvum;oufouf jzKef;wD;ovdk jzpfoGm;awmhwmaygh ... olYcrsm orD;twGufqdkawmh
'Davmuf pdwfxdcdkufwm rqef;awmhygbl;av ... om;orD;tay:rSm rdbawGu 'DvdkyJ arwmxm;wwf Muwm
yJ}} [k awG;aerdawmh\/
xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]cifAsm;orD;&JU a&m*gu bma&m*gvJqdkwm usKyf rod&bl;vm;[if ... bmjzpfvdkY vlowform;awmfBuD;
ydef&dqD ac:roGm;wm&wmvJ ... olu aq;ynmeJY ukovdkY&EdkifwJh a&m*grSeforQ aysmufuif;atmif ukEdkifw,f
... usKyftBuHay; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;yifqHk;atmif ajymcGifhray;awmhbJ avmifxdku 0ifajymawmhonf/
]]rif;pum; 'DwifyJ &yfprf;uGm ... olqD ac:oGm;zdkY rif;tBuHay;wJhtxd iguapmifhaeyghrvm; ... 'Daq;vHk;
udk azmfwJhaq;enf;udk olYqDu igawmif;vmcJhwmuG}}
]]aMomf ... 'Dvdkvm;? rodygbl;Asm ... vlowform;awmfBuD;qD roGm;bl;atmufarhvdkY ajymrdwmyg ...
wu,fawmh cifAsm;&JUaq;vHk;awGu usKyfa&m*geJY bmrS rqdkifbl;As ... 'Dawmh usKcsef;u usKyfudk apwemeJY
vmauR;ayr,fh usKyftwGufawmh bmrS rxl;jcm;cJhbl; ... ]ay;um;ay;\ r&} qdkwmrsKd;ayghAsm? tckawmh
aq;vHk;awG tcsnf;ESD;jzpf&wmyJ tzwfwifawmhwmayghav ... aMomf ... wpfckawmh&Sdw,f? cifAsm;orD;&JU
a&m*gtajctaeu b,ftqifhtxda&mufaeovJ ... 'Daq;rsKd; jyefNyD;azmfpyfzdkY tcsdefrsm; rDrvm;rodbl; ...}}
avmifxu
dk a'gowBuD;jzifh atmfjyefawmhonf/
]]ighorD;u aemufxyfajcmufvyJ touf&SifEdkifawmhw,fuG ... b,fvdkvkyfNyD; 'Daq;awGudk azmfpyfzdkY
tcsdef&SdawmhrmS vJ ... 'Daq;awG azmf&wmu q,fESpfavmuf tcsdef,l&w,fuG? tckawmh jzpfEdkifr,fhvrf;
wpfvrf;yJ&Sdawmhw,f ... rif;udkyJ aq;tjzpfyJ oabmxm;&awmhrSmyJ ...}}
avmifxo
dk nf pum;qHk;onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;wGif BudK;ESifh csnfaESmif vdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
487
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajcESifhvufrsm;udk t"duxm;NyD; csnfxm;vdkufonf/ olwkyfaESmifvku

d fonfh BudK;rsm;rSm wif;usyfvGef;
ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;crsm vIyfyifrvIyfEdkifawmhacs/
BudK;wkyfNyD;pD;aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\tusudk qGJqkwfvdkufNyD; &ifbwfudk azmfxm;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u at;at;yifar;vdkufonf/
]]cifAsm; bmawGvkyfaewmvJ ...}}
avmifxu
dk at;pufaomtNyHK;ESifh tajzay;vdkuf\/
]]ravmeJY ...igvkyfwmudk rif;aoaocsmcsm apmifhMunfhayghuGm ...rMumcif rif;od&rSmyg ...}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;udk xdkifcHkESifhtwl r,loGm;NyD; twGif;cef;xJodkY 0ifvdkufawmhonf/ twGif;cef;
wpfcef;vHk; aq;eHYrsm; zHk;vTrf;aeonf/ avmifxdk\ orD;udk xm;onfhtcef; jzpf[efwlayonf/
avmifxu
dk vifh[lcsKH;udk ckwifa&SUwGifcsxm;vdkufNyD; ckwifaxmifxm;onfh jcifaxmifudk tomt,m
qGJrum ukPmw&m; tjynfht0ygaomavoHjzifh ...
]]orD;av; ... b,fhES,faeovJ[if? 'DaeY aeomxkdifom &Sd&JUvm;[if}} [kar;vdkuf\/
ckwifay:wGif ... rsufESm vHk;0aoG;a&mifr&Sdaom rdef;uav;wpfa,muf vJavsmif;vsuf&Sdae\/ tvGef
yif rusef;rrm jzpfaeyHk&onf/ olru tvGef csnfheJYaom avoHjzifh ...
]taz} [k jyefxl;vdkufonf/ rsufvk;H rsm;uawmh vHk;0rzGifhacs/ zGifh&efvnf; wwfEdkifyHkr&acs/
avmifxu
dk qdkYeifhaomavoHjzifh ...
]]orD; ... orD;twGuf taz aq;azmfpyfwm tck atmifjrifoGm;ygNyD orD;&,f ... 'DaeY tJ'Daq;udk orD;
aomuf&awmhr,f ... 'Daq;udk aomufvdkuf&if orD;&JUa&m*g ,lypfvdkufovdk aysmufoGm; awmhrSmyg}} [k
tm;ay;pum; ajymvdkuf\/
rdef;uav;rSm pum;rsm;rsm; rajymEdkif&Smay/ ]tif;} [lom ajymEdkif&Sm\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf rdef;uav;\ ydefvSDEGrf;vsaom udk,fcEmudk MunfhvdkufonfESifh rdef;uav;\ a&m*grSm
tvGefjyif;xefvSaMumif; &dyfrdvdkufonf/ olYpdwfxJ qif;&Jjcif;BuD;pGm cHpm;vdkufrdawmhonf/
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tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf olYorD;av;udk ayGUNyD; xdkifEdkifatmif jyKjyifay;vdkufonf/
oludkifwG,jf yKjyifaeyHkrSm rsm;pGm El;nHhodrfarGYvSojzifh olYorD;tay:xm;onfh tMuifemw&m; rnfrQ
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]]orD; ... xdkifaeaemf? tckwifyJ aq;aomuf&r,f ... aq;u odyf&Sm;awmh rzdwfpifapeJYaemf ... tm;vHk;
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xdktcg rdef;uav;u rsufvHk;rsm;udk twif;tm;,lBudK;pm;NyD; zGifhMunfhvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;udk awGUoGm;
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tbdk;BuD;avmifxdku NyHK; ...
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rdef;uav;u olYzcif\pum;udk vHk;0em;rvnf/ xdkYaMumifh ...
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wpfvHk;csif; jyefvnf a&Gwfaeawmhonf/
avmifxu
dk ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
488
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]][kwfw,f orD;&JU? oluaq;yJ ... [dkaq;&SpfvHk;u tifrwefjyif;wJhaq;awG ... tJ'Daq;vHk;awGudk

orD;udk wpfcgwnf; wdkufauR;vdkYrjzpfbl; ... 'gaMumifh olYudk t&ifaomufcdkif;xm;&wm? olY&JUaoG;udk azmufNyD;
orD;udkwdkufrS orD;a&m*gtwGuf tqifajyrSm ... ydkvnf;aumif;w,f}}
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdk\ pum; qHk;oGm;aomtcg rdef;uav;onf ]tif;} [k wpfcsufnnf;vdkufNyD; rsufvHk;
rsm; jyefrSdwfoGm;jyefawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;url tbdk;BuD;\pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;onf/ a'govnf;
xGufoGm;rdonf/
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d nf/
odkYaomf olYpdwfxJ csufcsif;yif todw&m;wpfck 0ifvmawmh\/
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taMumif;w&m;awGxJrSmawmh igvnf; ygaewmyJ ... tck iguvnf; touf&SifEdkifr,fh tajctaerSmrS r&Sdwm
... igh&JUaoG;eJY 'Drdef;uav;&JUtoufudk u,fEdkif&if ydkraumif;aybl;vm; ... ESpfa,mufaor,fhtpm;
wpfa,mufu touf&Sifusef&pfcJhw,fqdk awmfao;wmaygh ... ighrSm olYudk jyefulnDzdkY 0w&m;&Sdaew,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf 0rf;om0rf;enf; aMuuGJaom tNyHK;udk NyHK;rdvdkufonf/ rnfonfh pum;udkrQ rajymawmhacs/
olYtaejzifh vdefvdefu olYudk pdrf;um;oGm;onfhtcsdefrSp vlYavmuBuD;wGif qufvuf touf&Sifoefvpdk dwf
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avawmh\/
ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwf&Sdolwdkif; aojcif;w&m;[lonfrSm tav;rxm;onfh tao;trTm; udpuav;om
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twefMumaomf avmifxkdu ...
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r[kwfvm; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u nifomodrfarGUpGm jyefajymvdkufonf/
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tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf vifh[lcsKH;\ odrfarGUat;aq;aom avoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg r,HkEdkif
avmufatmifjzpfoGm;NyD; yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpfoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmudk aocsmpGmMunfv
h dkufawmhonf/ aoG;l;aoG;wef;jzpfoGm;NyD; ajymrdajym&m ajymvdkuf
avovm;[k pl;prf;rdjcif; jzpfonf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\rsufESmum; &ifhusufwnfMunf vsuf&Sdaeayonf/
olYrsufESm taMumufw&m;[l tenf;i,frQ rawGUrjrif&acs/ tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf xl;jcm;qef;Mu,f
aom cHpm;rIwpfckudk cHpm;vdkuf&NyD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; ...
]]a[h ... igu rif;&JU ESvHk;aoG;udk azmufrSmaemf ... ESvHk;aoG;udk "m;eJYazmufvdkuf&if bmjzpfoGm;r,f qdkwm
aum rif;aoaocsmcsm od&JUvm; ... tJ'Dtcgus&if rif;toufr&SifEdkifawmhbl; ... aooGm;r,f? vlaojzpfoGm;
r,f ... igajymwm rif; em;vnf&JUvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u NyHK; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
489
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DrSm avmifxdk ... usKyfajymr,f? vlwdkif; wpfcgawmh aoMu&rSmyJ? usKyfvnf; wpfaeYrSm ao&rSmyJ ...
bmxl;rvJ? aemif ao&rSmeJY tckao&rSmyJ uGmjcm;w,f ... usKyftck ao&rSmudk auseyfw,f ... usKyftoufeJY
cifAsm;orD;&JU toufudk u,fvdkufEdkifw,f qdkwmudk usKyftrsm;BuD; auseyfw,f ... uJAsm ... tydkawG
ajymraeygeJYawmh ... cifAsm;vkyfp&m&Sdwmudkom vkyfayawmhAsm}} [k jyefvnf ajzMum; vdkufawmhonf/
avmifxu
dk vufraxmif ...
]]tHha&muGm ... tHha&m? rif;vdk ao&rSmraMumufwJh vlrsKd;udk wpfa,mufrS rawGU&zl;bl; ... wu,fh
owd&SifBuD;awG awGUzl;yghuGm ... olrsm;udk owfEdkifwJhtcgrSmawmh &J&JudkawmufaewmyJ? udk,faocgeD;us&if
awmh aMumufvdkufMuwm ... ighorD;om rif;&JUaoG;raomuf&bJ touf&SifEkdifr,fqdk&if rif;udk ig jyefawmif
vTwfvdkufyg&JU ... 'gayr,fh tckawmh rvTwfEdkifawmhbl;uGm ... 'DtwGuf igpdwfraumif;ygbl;}} [k ajymvdkuf
awmh\/
pum;qHk;onfESifh aemufaz;cef;xJrS qlyGufaeaom a&aEG;ZvHkudk ,lvmNyD; "m;wpfacsmif;vnf; tqifoifh
,lvmawmh\/
olu rsufESmokwfy0gudk a&aEG;wGifpdrf vifh[lcsKH;\&if0wGif uyfxm;vdkufonf/
xdktcdkuf ...
]]a[h avmifxdk ... a[h avmifxdk ... wHcg;zGifhprf; ... rif;&JUorD;twGuf ypnf;aumif;wpfck ygvmw,f ...
vmprf;yg? wHcg;zGifhprf;yg ...}}
tjyifbufrS xdkodkY atmfaeolrSm usLcsef;omwnf;/
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf t0wfpwpfckudk ,l vifh[lcsKH;\ yg;pyftwGif;odkY xd;k oGif;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH; atmf[pftultnD rawmif;ap&ef twGufjzpf\/
NyD;rS tcef;tjyifodkY avQmufxGufoGm;NyD; wHcg;zGifhay;vdkuf\/ wHcg;zGifh&if; ar;vdkufonf/
]]ighorD;twGuf ypnf;aumif;ygw,fvdkY rif;ajymw,f? bmypnf;ygvmovJ ...}}
usLcsef;u ...
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... yxr rif;udk ig vkduf&Smygao;w,f? rif;udk&SmvdkYuvnf; rawGU ... udpuvnf; odyfta&;BuD;aeawmh
rif;&JU aq;vHk;awGudk ,lNyD; olYudk wdkufvdkuf&wm ... 'gawmif ajAmifwdkuf&wm r[kwfbl; ... nmNyD; wdkufvdkuf
&wmuG ... wu,fvdkY 'Dudpudkom rif;Mum;&if rif;udk,fwdkif 'Daq;vHk;awG,lNyD; olYudkoGm;wdkufrSmyJ}}
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf usLcsef;\ a0hvnfaMumifywf pum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg a'goxGuf vmawmh
\/
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usLcsef;u kwfw&uf avmifxdk\em;em;odkY uyf wD;wdk;ajymvdkufawmhonf/
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdk\ rsufESmonf yxrwGif rnfodkUrQ xl;qef;yHkr&bJ wjznf;jznf;ESifh rsufESmxm;
ajymif;vJvmawmh\/
usKcsef;\ pum;qHk;aomtcg tbdk;BuD;onf kwfw&uf xckefvdkufNyD; atmf ar;vdkufonf/
]]wu,f[kwf&JUvm; ... rif; ighudk nmajymwmawmh r[kwfygbl;aemf ...}}
]]avmifxdk ... rif;eJY igeJYu wu,fholi,fcsif; t&if;acgufacgufBuD;awGyJ ... igu bmjzpfvdkY nmajym&rSm
vJ ... 'Dowif;u wu,fh trSefowif;yg ... uJ ... rif;&JUaq;vHk;awGukd ,loGm;wJhtwGuf ighudk pdwfqdk;ae
ao;vm; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
490
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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]][ ... avmifxdk? rif; bmawGajymaewmvJ ... bmjzpfvdkY rif;u ao&rSmvJ ...}}
tbdk;BuD;u usLcsef;udk tcef;wGif;odkY twif;qGJac:oGm;awmh\/
usLcsef;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ tjzpfudk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg MuufaoaooGm;awmh\/ tbdk;BuD;avmifxdk
url vifh[lcsKH;a&SUwGif 'l;axmufxdkifcsvdkufNyD; ...
]]q ... q ... q&mav; vifh[lcsKH; ... usKyfu bmrS wwfodem;vnfwJhol r[kwfygbl; ... awmf\
rawmf\? oifh\ roifh\ vHk;0rcGJjcm;wwfwJh tbdk;BuD;yg ... bmrS toHk;ruswJh tbdk;BuD;yg ... bk&m;odMum;
rvdkY usLcsef; tcsdefrDa&mufvmEdkifwm ... EdkYrdkYqdk&if usKyftjypfu b,favmuf BuD;av;oGm;r,fqdkwm
awG;awmif rawG;0Hhawmhygbl;}} [k ajymNyD; tBudrfBudrf OD;cs&Sdcdk;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm yg;pyfwGif t0wfqdkYcHxm;&ojzifh vHk;0toHrxGufEdkifbJ wtifhtifh jzpfae\/ usLcsef;u
uysmu,m t0wfpudk xkwfay;vdkuNf yD; ...
]]q&mav; vifh[lcsKH; ... b,fhES,f 'Dae&mudk a&mufvm&wmvJ? Munfhprf;ygOD; ... q&mav;udk b,fol
'Dvdk vkyfxm;&wmvJ}} [k ar;vdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm usLcsif;\pum;udk rajzEdkif/ rdrdtm; tBudrfBudrf OD;csuefawmhaeonfh tzdk;BuD;avmifxdktm;
ar;aighjyvdkuf&if;..
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i&JBuD;atmif vkyfaewmvm;}}[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg avmifxdku ...
]]usKyftaeeJY rodvdkY rSm;wmyg ... 'gaMumifh usKyfudk cGifhvTwfygaemf ... q&mav; vifh[lcsKH;u usKyf&Jh
aus;Zl;&SifeJY ywfoufaewJhvludk; ... apmapmuwnf;u odxm;&if 'DorD;wpfa,mufrajymeJY orD;wpf&mawmif
taocHEdkifygw,f ... q&mav;vifh[lcsKH;&JU aoG;wpfpufawmif,lzdkY usKyf pdwful;&JrSm r[kwfygbl; ...}}
xdktcgusrS usLcsef;u dk;wdk;&dyfwdwf oabmaygufvmonf/ xdakY Mumifh rsufvHk;jyL;rsufqefjyL;jzifh ...
]]avmifxdk ... rif; ...rif;.. q&mav;vifh[lcsKH;udk 'DrSm ac:NyD; BudK;eJYcsnfxm;wm bmvkyfrvdkYvJ ... rif;
bmvkyfaew,fqdkwmudk enf;enf;uav;rS oabmraygufbl;vm;[if}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
]][kwfw,f [kwfw,f ... igh tjypfyg? ightjypfyg ... ig[m udk,fhudk,fudk owfaozdkYawmif aumif;ae
ygNyD}}
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdkonf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh olYyg;ESpfzufudk olYbmom wjzef;jzef;ESifh dkufcsvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH; u atmf[pfwm;jrpfvdkuf\/
]]q&mBuD; &yfprf;yg ... &yfvdkufprf;yg ... cifAsm;wdkY bmawGajymNyD; bmawGjzpfaeMuwmvJ ... usKyfawmh
bmrS em;rvnfEdkifatmif jzpfaeawmhwmyJ ... usKyfudkvnf; taMumif;pHk &Sif;jyMuprf;ygOD;}}
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYonf kwfw&uf owd&oGm;[efESifh vifh[lcsKH;\ ajcESifh vufwdkYudk csnfxm;aom
BudK;rsm;udk ajy; jznfay;vdkufMu\/
usLcsef;onf a&aEG;ZvHkESifh "m;wdkYudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg avmifxdk bmvkyf&ef BuHpnfaeonfudk odjrif
oGm;NyD; tBuD;tus,f rsufESmysufoGm;awmh\/
usLcsef;u ...
]]avmifxdk ... q&mav; vifh[lcsKH;twGuf ... pm;p&maomufp&m wpfckck pDpOfprf; ... pm;aomuf&if;eJY
ajymp&m&Sdwm ajymMuwmaygh ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
491
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifxo
dk nf ysm,mcwfoGm;NyD; t&ufESifh pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk jyifqifwnfcif; aeawmh\/ usLcsef;
uvnf; ysmysmovJ 0ifa&mufulnDvkyfukdifavonf/
twefMumaomf usLcsef;u ...
]]avmifxdk ... q&mav;vifh[lcsKH;u tifrwef oabmxm;BuD;NyD; tifrwef pdwfxm;jrifhjrwfwJholrdkYvdk
rif;udk cGifhvTwfwm ... rif;&JUaq;vHk;awGom wu,fpGrf; wu,fxufyavhap ... q&mav;vifh[lcsKH;&JU a&m*g
aysmufoGm;wmeJY rif;awmh tBuD;tus,f tusKd;&SdawmhrSmyJ ...}}
tbdk;BuD;avmifxdku vIdufvSJpGmjzifh jyefajymonf/
]]ightwGuf tusKd;&SdzdkY rvdkawmhygbl;uGm ... 'Dudpudk atmifatmifjrifjrifjzpfoGm;atmif aqmifGufwmu
rif;yg ... rif;&JU aus;Zl;yg ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&uf ajymvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkY bmawG ajymaeMuwmvJ ... cifAsm;wdkY ajymaewmawG usKyf wpfvHk;rS em;rvnfbl; ...
wpfa,mufu bmawG ajymrSef;rodbl; ... avQmufajymaew,f? wpfa,mufu usKyfudk tusOf;om;wpfa,muf
udk ac:ovdk ac:vmNyD; 'DrSm csKyfxm;w,f ... cifAsm;wdkYu usKyfudk vkH;0 *krpdkufwJh oabmeJY vkyfaeMuwmyJ}}
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkY ESpfa,mufrSm vifh[lcsKH;\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;MuNyD;
uref;uwef; x&yfvdkufum ...
]]q&mav;vif[cl sHK; ... usKyfwdkY[m wu,fyJ ao'PfxdkufoifhwJh vlawGyg ... q&mav; ay;csifwJh
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Muavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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pum;toGm;tvmudk MunfhNyD;uwnf;u wpfa,mufa,mufaMumifh usKyfudk 'DvdkqufqHaew,fqdkwm usKyf
odw,f ... uJ ajymMuyg ... b,folYrsufESmaxmufNyD; usKyfudk av;av;pm;pm; qufqHae&wmvJ ...}}
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkY ESpfa,mufrSm wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf MunfhrdMuawmh\/ usLcsef;u ...
]]q&mav;&JU pdwfxJrSm ol b,folqdkwm odaewmyJ ... 'Demrnfudk usKyfwdkY zGifhrajym&Jbl; ... q&mav;
odae&if NyD;wJhOpm ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]usKyf rodbl;As ... rodvdkY 'Davmufawmif ar;ae&wmaygh ... od&if ar;yghrvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdkol\emrnfudk vHk;0pOf;pm; r&ay/ jzpfEdkiforQawmh pOf;pm;Munfhao;onf/
]]tif; ... q&mbdk;bdk; zkef;csif;rsm;vm; ... 'grSr[kwf bkef;awmfBuD; ykusufvm; ... 'grSr[kwf xifaygvm;
... 'grSr[kwf 0g;Hkawmu tbdk;BuD; vkusLvm; ... rjzpfEdkifygbl;av? aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;av ... olwdkY
r[kwfwm ydkaocsmavyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf OD;acgif;xJwGif aemufusdIyfaxG;vmojzifh acgif;w,rf;,rf; vkyfaerdawmhonf/
usLcsef;u ...
]]q&mav; ... 'gudkawmh rar;ygeJYawmh? usKyfwdkYudk 'Demrnfrajym&if owfr,fvdkY Ncdrf;ajcmufMunfhyg ...
usKyfwdkY toufomtaocHr,f ... yg;pyfuawmh xkwfrajym&Jbl; ... q&mav;pdwfxJrSm odae&if NyD;wmygyJ ...
usKyfwdkY ajymp&m vdkao;vdkYvm;[if? 'gwpfckawmh usKyfwdkYudk cGifhvTwfygvdkY awmif;yefygw,f ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf olwdkYudk vHk;0ar; r&EdkifawmhrSef; odvdkufavNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
492
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkYuvnf; t&Sif;vif;qHk;ESifh tdk;om;qHk; zGifh[0efcHxm;Muonf r[kwfygvm;/ toufom taocH

rnf 'Demrnfuadk wmh vHk;0 xkwfrajym&JygwJh/
vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&ufajymvdu
k fonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... cifAsm;wdkY rajymbl;qdk&if usKyfuvnf; cGifhrvTwfEdkifbl; avmifxdk ... cifAsm;u usKyfudk
cHkeJYwGJNyD; BudK;eJY csnfxm;wJhvlqdkawmh usKyfuvnf; cifAsm;wdkYudk BudK;eJYjyefcsnfr,f ... BudK;eJYcsnfNyD;vdkYrS usKyf
a'go rajyao;bl;qdk&if cifAsm;wdkY&JUaoG;udkazmufNyD; ESpfa,mufpvHk;udk tqHk;pD&ifr,f}}
avmifxu
dk usLcsef;\ rsufESmudk wpfcsufrQ vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]q&mav;u BudK;eJYcsnfcsifw,f qdk&ifvnf; csnfyg ... q&mav;udk usKyfwdkY b,fvdkrS rckcH&Jygbl; ...
q&mav;udk ckcH&Jw,fqdk&if usKyfwdkYavmuf rdkufrJwJhvl b,f&SdawmhrvJ}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh avmifxdkonf cHkESpfvHk;udk qGJ,lvmNyD; csnfaESmif&efBudK;rsm;udkvnf; tqifoifh ,lvm
onf/
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aemufodkYypfvsuf ...
]]q&mav; tqifoifhjzpfygNyD ... csnfcsif csnfawmhav}}
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYESpfa,muf\ pdwfxJwGif vifh[lcsKH;qdkaom vli,fonf olwdkYtm; aemifajymif
usDp,f aejcif;omjzpf wu,fcsnfaESmifvdrfhrnf[k r,lqMuacs/
odkYaomf olwdkY\ txifESifh tjrif wvGJpDjzpfomG ;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olwdkY\ vufESpfzufudk taotcsm wkyfaESmifvdkufaomtcg ESpfa,mufpvHk; rsufpdrsufESm
ysufoGm;MuNyD; wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,mufMunfhrdMu\/
xdkYaemuf ... pm;yGJay:&Sd tqifoifh&Sdaom "m;udk aumufudkifvku
d fNyD; ...
]]usKyf&JU twGif;tm;udk vHk;0rxkwfEdkifawmh vufeJY cifAsm;wdkYESpfa,muf&JUtaMumudk xdk;ydwfEdkifrSm r[kwf
bl; ... 'Dawmh a[m'D"m;eJYyJ cifAsm;wdkY&JU taMumudk xdk;ydwf&awmhrSmyJ}} [k ajymvdkuf\/
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYESpfa,mufrSm tBuD;tus,f aMumufGHUwkefvIyfvsuf &SdMuavNyD/
xdkpOf ... vihf[lcsKH;onf "m;dk;jzifh xdkvlESpfa,muf\ taMumrsm;udk xdk;ydwfypfvdkufNyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wdkY 'DrSmyJ at;at;aq;aq; aecJhMuOD;}}
[k ajymqdk twGif;cef;bufodkY 0ifoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf "m;udk udkif vlemrdef;uav;&Sd&m ckwifodkY avQmufoGm;awmhonf/ rdef;uav;rSm
rsufvHk;rsm;rSdwf rSdef;aeqJ jzpfonf/ tcef;tjyifbuf jzpfysufaeonfwu
dkY dkvnf; vHk;0od&Sd[efray:/
toufudkom BudK;pm;Iae&onf/ toufIaeyHrk Smvnf; rQif;rQif;uav;omjzpfonf/ tcsdefraG; toufxGuf
oGm;Edkifonfh yHpk HrsKd;jzpfaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf rdef;uav;udk MunfhvdkufNyD; vGefpGm ukPmoufrdawmh\/ avmifxdk\ orD;tay: arwm
ukPm BuD;pGmxm;jcif;udkvnf; rsm;pGm av;pm;MunfndKrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh oufjyif;wpfcsufcs&if; pdwfxJwGif
...
]]igu olY&JUaq;udk rSm;aomufvdkufrdawmh ol'kua&mufawmhwmaygh ... aemufNyD; igaomufwJhaq;
uvnf; ightwGuf bmrStusKd;rjyKbl; ... igtzdkYuawmh 'DaowJhvrf;xJuudk rxGufEdkifawmhbl; ...}} [k
awG;vdkuf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
493
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;onf pm;yGJcHkay: avmifxdkwifxm;onfh zefcGufudk vSrf;,lvdkufNyD; ol\ vufaumuf0wf

aoG;aMumudk vSD;jzwfcsvdkufawmh\/
eDapG;aomaoG;rsm; yef;xGufvmaomtcg cGufESifh cHxm;vdkufonf/
apmapmu a&aEG;ZvHkwGif;&Sd a&aEG;rsm;rSm ylaEG;aeqJjzpfae olu xdka&aEG;udk y0gwpfckESifhESpfvsuf
aoG;xGufaeonfh 'Pf&mywf0ef;usifwGif pGwfay;vdkufonf/
odkYrSom taEG;"mwfaMumifh aoG;rsm; ydkxGufvmayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYjyif tat;'PfaMumifh aoG;cJrnfhtjzpfrS
vnf; umuG,f&ma&mufonf/
rsm;rMumrDyif zefcGufwpf0ufcefY &vdkufawmhonf/
xdkrdef;uav;onf aoG;eH& rsufvHk;rsm;udk zGifhvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ vufaumuf0wf aoG;oH&J&J
jzpfaeojzifh tvefYwMum;atmfrdawmh\/
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYrSm tcef;wGif; vifh[lcsKH; bmawGvkyfaerSef; rodojzifh wpfa,mufrsufESm
wpfa,mufMunfh&if; tBuD;tus,f pdwf"mwfusaeMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u zefcGufwGif aoG;rsm; tjynfh&aomtcg rdef;uav;\yg;pyfem;odkY ,loGm;NyD; ...
]]uJ ... rdef;uav; jrefjrefaomufvdkufayawmh ... ighaoG;xJrSm aq;tmedoifawG tjynfht0ygw,f?
'gaomufvu
dk f&if rif;&JU a&m*gvnf; oufomoGm;rSm? aomufvdkuf? jrefjrefaomufvdkuf}}[k wdkufwGef;&if;
twif;wdkufawmh\/
]]uRefr ... uRefr ...aMumuf ... aMumufw,f? raomuf raomuf&b
J l; ...}}
rdef;uav;\ jiif;qefaeonfhpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm 'kutBuD;tus,f jzpfoGm;
&awmhonf/
odkY aoG;rsm; azmufxkwfvdkufojzifh olYacgif;wpfckvHk; w&dyf&dyf&Da0vsuf rl;a0aemufusdaeacsNyD/
tcsdefraG; vJusaoqHk;oGm;Edkifonf/
rdrd rQtyifyef;cHvsuf xkwfxm;onfhaoG;rsm;udk raomuf&J[k vlemrdef;uav;u jiif;qefvsuf
&SdaeavNyD/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]ol raomuf&if ighaoG;awG tvum;oGefypf&awmhrSmyJ? 'Dawmh ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\"m;jzifh rdef;uav;\vnfrsKdodkY xdk;csdefvdkufawmh\/
]]rdef;uav; ... rif;aG;ayawmh? "m;eJYxdk;owfwmyJ cHrvm;? 'DaoG;aq;udkyJ aomufrvm;? rif;BudKufwmudk
aG;ayawmh? 'DaoG;aq;udk raomufvdkYuawmh igu towfyJ ...}}
xdktcg rdef;uav;rSm aMumufGHUxdwv
f efYaeNyDjzpf vHk;0rjiif;qef&Jawmhay/ vifh[lcsKH;\ aoG;rsm;udk
cufcJyifyef;pGm aomufcsvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdkzefcGufjzifhyif rdrdvufaumuf0wfrS aoG;rsm; jyefvnf cH,lvdkufjyefonf/
odkYaomf tat;'PfaMumifh aoG;cJoGm;avNyD/ aoG;rxGufawmhacs/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJwGif odkYawG;vdkufrd\/
]]trSefwu,fqdk 'DaoG;wpfcGufxJrSm aq;vHk;&JU tmedoifu q,fyHkyHk&if wpfyHkavmufyJ ygvdrfhr,f? 'Dawmh
'Drdef;uav; aq;tmedoif&zdkY igrvIyf&Sm;EdkifawmhwJhtxd ighaoG;udk azmufxkwfwdkufrS jzpfvdrfhr,f? EdkYrdkqdk&if
igvnf;ao?olvnf; bmrS tusKd;xl;cHpm;&rSm r[kwfawmhbl; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
494
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\nmbufvufaumuf0wfudk vSD;jzwfvdkufjyef\/ aemufxyf zefcGufESifhwpfvHk;

aoG;rsm;xyfrH&jyefonf/
olonf apmapmu yHkpHtwkdif;yif rdef;uav;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufvsuf twif;wdkufvdkufjyefonf/
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYESpfa,mufrSmrl tcef;wGif; vifh[lcsKH; bmvkyfaeonfudk vHk;0rodEdkifbJ pdwfysuf
vufysuf jzpfaerdMuawmhonf/
wpfcgwpf&H orD;jzpfol\ atmfoHudk Mum;&jyefonf/ bmjzpfaerSef;rod/
xdkpOf olo
Y rD;\ toHu ...
]]awmf ...awmf ...NyD ...aoG; ...aoG;awG odyfrsm;aeNyD ...}}[k csnfheJYeJY xGufvmaomtoHudk Mum;vkduf&
jyefonf/
xdktcdkuf tdrfwHcg;tjyifbufrS vlwpfa,muf\toHu ...
]]avmifxdk ... tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudkawmh ig vrf;rSm; ydkYay;vdkufNyD? olwdkY 'Dtdrfudk wpfESpfvHk;&Smwmawmif
awGUrSm r[kwfbl;uG ...}} [laom pum;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
xdkolu ajymajymqdkqkdESifh tcef;wGif;odkY ckef0ifvmonf/ xdkolrSm vifh[lcsKH;tm; u,f&efvdkufvmaom
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYtm; avmifxdk\aemufodkY rvdkufEkdifap&ef vrf;vTJac:oGm;ol jzpf[ef&Sdonf/
tcef;xJa&mufonfESifh avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkYESpfa,muf cHkay:wGif csnfaESmifxm;jcif; cHae&onfudk
awGU&awmh\/
xdktjzpfudk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg xdkolonf tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;awmhonf/ ol\"m;jzifh
BudK;rsm;udk csufcsif;jzwfawmufay;NyD; taESmiftzGJUrS vGwfajrmufoGm;atmif vkyfay;vdkufonf/
xdkpOf tcef;wGif;&Sd avmifxdk\ orD;xHrS pl;pl;0g;0g; toH xGufay:vmawmh\/
]]uRef ... uRefr ... awmif; ... awmif;yefygw,f? 'Dvdk rvkyyf geJYawmh ...}}
xdkvlonf avmifxdk\ orD;atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh tvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;NyD; tcef;wGif;odkY ajy;0if&ef
[efjyifvdkufonf/ avmifxdku csufcsif; vSrf;wm;vdkufNyD; ...
]]igwdkY&JU taMumudk zGifhay;cJhOD; ...}}[kajymvdkufonf/
xdkvlu avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wdkY\ taMumrsm;udk zGifhay;vdkufonf/ xdktcdkufrSmyif rdef;uav;\
aMumufGHU wkefvIyfaeaom toHuav;u ...
]]taz ... taz ... jrefjrefvmygOD; 'DrSm ... 'DrSm ...}}
avmifxdkrSm olYorD;\ ac:oHudkMum;onfESifh csufcsif;yif tcef;wGif;odkY ajy;0ifoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf Murf;jyifay: vJusvsuf&SdaMumif; olwdkYtm;vHk; awGUvdkufMu&awmhonf/
zefcGuw
f pfcGufu olY&ifbwfay:wGif wifvsuf&SdNyD; olYwpfudk,fv;Hk rSmvnf; aoG;rsm;ayusHvsuf &Sdaeawmh
\/
avmifx\
dk orD;uav; EIwfcrf;wpf0u
dk fwGif aoG;rsm;ayusHaeonfudkvnf; awGU&Sdae&jyefonf/
avmifxdk ESifh usLcsef;wdkYrSm vifh[lcsKH;udk Munfhvdkuf rdef;uav;udkMunfv
h dkufESifh vHk;0em;rvnfEdkifatmif
jzpfaerdMuawmh\/
xdkYaMumifhavmifxdkonf olYorD;tm; vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ olYtMunfhwGif ar;cGef;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm
yg0ifaeaMumif; olYorD;uvnf; od\/ xdkYaMumifh olru ...
]]taz ... ol ...olu aoG;awGudk azmufxkwfNyD; orD; ... orD;udk ESpfcGuf ... ESpfcGufawmif twif;
aomufcdkif;w,f? ol ... olu aemufxyf aoG;awG xyfazmufrvdkY ... vkyf ... vkyf ... ae&if; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
495
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmifxdkrSm orD;jzpfol\ pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg acgif;eyef;BuD;oGm;rdawmh\/ tBuD;tus,f

xdwfvefY acsmufcsm;oGm;NyD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; ajy;ayGUxlvdkufrdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ vufaumuf0wfrsm;&Sd vSD;jzwfxm;aomae&mrsm;rS aoG;rsm; pdrfhxGufaeao;onfudk awGU
vdkuf&onfESifh avmifxdkonf vifh[lcsKH;\ tjyKtrludk aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tm; usLcsef;\ &ifcGiftwGif;odkY vTJajymif;ay;vdkufNyD; olu 'Pf&mvdrf;aq;ESifh ywfwD;rsm;
ajy;,lum aq;vdrf; ywfwD;pnf;ay;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;udk rdrdtcef;wGif;&Sd ckwifay: jznf;nif;pGm wifxm;vdkuf&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm aoG;xGufvGefaeNyD
jzpf vHk;0owdr&bJ jzpfae\/
avmifxdkrSm tvGefrsufESmndK;i,fpGmjzifh ...
]]usLcsef; ... igwdkY b,fvdkvkyfMurvJ[if? b,fvdkvkyfMuawmhrvJ ...}}[k ar;vdkuf&Smonf/
usLcsef;u ...
]]avmifxdk ... rif; bmrS pdwfraumif; jzpfraeeJYawmh? wdkYvnf; bmrSrwwfEdkifbl;? vifh[lcsKH; b,favmuf
pdwfxm;aumif;ovJqdkwm tJ'grsufjrifyJ? omrnvlwpfa,muf r[kwfbl;qdkwm tckudk,fawGUyJ? olrsm;awG
ajymaewJh wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;om igwdkY Mum;cJh&wm? ol&Jaumif; vifh[lcsHK;udk igwdkY rsufjrif awGUMu&NyD
...}}
avmifxu
dk
acgif;wndwfndwfESifh axmufcHaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH; ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwf&SdaMumif; olY
tonf;ESvHk;xJrS vufcHygNyD/
olpdk;&drfaeonfrSm vifh[lcsKH; toufqHk;HI;oGm;rnfudkomwnf;/ olYacgif;xJwGif xlylaeojzifh vifh[lcsKH;udk
rnfodkY jyKpk&rnfrSef;rodbJ jzpfaeojzifh usLcsef;\ rsufESmudkom ai;Munfhaerdawmhonf/ usLcsef;u ...
]]avmifxdk ... rif;pdwfylaewmudk igodygw,fuGm? 'guawmh uHtaMumif;w&m;yJ? tckae igwdkY vkyfay;
oifhwJh t&mrSeforQudk vkyfay;Mur,f? olowdarhaewmu aoG;vGefoGm;vdkYuG? 'Dawmh aoG;tm;wdk;EdkifwJh
aq;awGudk auR;&rSmyJ? 'Dwpfvrf;yJ &Sdawmhw,f? NyD;&if olYudk olYavSxJ jyefydkYay;vdkufwmayghuGm ...}}
xdktcg avmifxdkonf olU&Sdaom taumif;qHk; aoG;tm;wdk;aponfh aq;jrpfrsm;udkaoG; vifh[lcsKH;tm;
wdkufauR;awmhonf/
NyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;tm; avSBuD;ay:odkY jyefydkYay;vdkufMuawmh\/
tjcif;t&m tjzpftysufrsm;udk &ufykcReftaejzifh Mum;jrifodNyD;avNyD/ vifh[lcsKH;tm; avmifxdkwdkY
oHk;a,muf avSqDodkY jyefydkYonf c&D;wpfavQmuf olvnf; aemufrS vdkufvmcJhonf/
xdkvloHk;a,mufrSm xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm; jzpfMuojzifh olwdkYodatmifawmh rvdkuf&Jay/ wdwfwqdwfom
vdkufcJh&ayonf/
olYavSBuD;&Sd&modkY jyefa&mufaomtcsdefwGif tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYvnf; jyefvnfa&muf&Sd aeMuayNyD/
vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusufwdkYESpfa,mufonfvnf; jyefvnfvGwfajrmufvmaMumif; awGU&Sd&awmh\/
&ufykcGRef jyefa&mufvQifa&mufcsif; vdefvdefu olYtar zl;viftm; idk,dk wdkifwef;aeonfhpum;udk pwif
Mum;&awmhonf/
]]tar ...[dkvlBuD;u wu,fh vlqdk;BuD;tar&JU? orD;udk rdef;uav;&,fvdkY rnmwmbl;? Budrf;armif;
Ncdrf;ajcmuf aewmyJ? t[ifh ... [ifh ... [ifh ...}}
zl;vifu acsmhvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
496
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]orD;&,f ... 'gidkp&m r[kwfygbl;? Budrf;armif; Ncdrf;ajcmufHkwifqdk awmfvSygNyD? touftE&m,f ray;

vdkufwmudkyJ aus;Zl;wif&OD;r,f? olu orD;udk b,fvdk Budrf;armif; Ncdrf;ajcmufvdkYvJ}}
vdefvdefu idk,dkvsuf ...
]]olu orD;udk dkufowfr,fwJh? orD;udk olu bmjzpfvdkY dkufowf&rSmvJ? orD;u olY&efolrS r[kwfwm
...}} [k ajymaeawmh\/
zl;vifu NyHK;&if; vdefvdefpdwfauseyfoGm;atmif ESpfodrfhvdkufonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... orD; ridkeJYawmh? aemufwpfcg tJ'DvlBuD;udkawGUwmeJY orD;udk Budrf;armif;ovdk jyef
Budrf;armif;r,f? olu bmrdkYvdkYvJ? tarhtaMumif; odoGm;ap&r,f ...}}
]]orD;u tpfudkBuD; raumif;aMumif; wpfvHk;rS ajymwJhol r[kwfygbl;? vifrdefusufuqdk ydkawmif rajym
ao;w,f? tJ'g orD;wdkUu tpfudkBuD;udk ykwfcwfajymw,fvdkY pGyfpGJw,f? tpfudkBuD;u ol&Jaumif;wJh?
ol&Jaumif;wpfa,mufudk oGm;ykyfavvGihf avQmufajymaewm olrBudKufbl;wJh? olu xyfajymao;w,f?
odyfaMumufp&m aumif;wmyJ ...}}
zl;vifu ...
]]bmrsm;vJ orD;&,f? olu bmawG xyfNyD; Ncdrf;ajcmufao;vdkYvJ ...}}
]]olNcdrf;ajcmufwmu wu,fhudk aMumufp&mBuD;ygtar? olrBudKufwJh vlqdk&if olu csufjyKwfNyD;
pm;wwfw,fwJh? olYyg;pyfBuD;udkvnf; NzJjyao;w,f? tJ'DvlBuD;u vlaumifu tBuD;BuD;qdkawmh yg;pyfBuD;u
vnf; wu,fhudk tus,fBuD;yJ? orD;udk raMumufaMumufatmif ajcmufjyaewm ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdktcsdef tenf;i,f owd&vmonf/ pum;ajym&ef BudK;pm;rdonf/ odkYaomf }ol ...ol ...}
[laom pum;vHk;rS a&SUquf rajymEdkib
f J jzpfaeawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufu 0if ajymvdkufjyefonf/
]]q&mr ... 'DvlBuD;u wu,fhvlom;pm;wJh vlBuD;yJ? olu ajcmufvSefYajymaewm r[kwfbl;? wu,fhudk
vlom;pm;wJh vlBuD; ...}}
zl;vifrSm wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;awmh\/ vifrdefusufonf pum;rsm;rsm; ajymwwfolr[kwfay/ r[kwf
rrSefaompum;rsm;udkvnf; ajymavhajymxr&Sdojzifh zl;vifESifh &ufykcRefwdkYrSm vifrdefusufpum;udk tav;xm;
Mu\/
]]'DvlBuD;u vlom;pm;w,f [kwf&JUvm;? rif;b,fvdkvkyf odovJ ...}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]'DvlBuD;u bkef;BuD;wk? bkef;BuD;a,mifyg? pum;uvnf; tifrwefrsm;w,f? Ncdrf;ajcmufvdkuf?
Budrf;armif;vdkufeJY wpfcsufrS rem;bl;? aemufNyD; uRefawmfhudkvnf; bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyftaMumif; ar;vdkuf
ao;w,f? tJ'Dvdk pum;awG avQmufajymNyD; yg;pyfydwfxm;rvm; atmufharhw,f? vHk;0 yg;pyf rydwfbl;..}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf ol\pum;udk acw&yfwefYvdkufNyD; vdefvdef\rsufESmudk wpfcsuf vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
zl;vifonf vifrdefusuf\ aemufqufwGJpum;udk odvdkvSojzifh onf;cHapmifhqdkif;ae&onf/
vifrdeu
f sufu qufvuf ...
]]olu olYtdwfxJu ypnf;wpfckudk EIdufNyD; tm;&yg;& 0g;pm;vdkufw,f? olu uRefawmhf yg;pyfem; xdk;ay;
NyD; ajymvdkufao;w,f? rif;vnf; pm;ygvm;wJh? uRefawmfu b,fpm;rvJ MuufoD;awmif xoGm;rdw,f?
olxdk;ay;wJh ypnf;udk aocsmMunfhvdkufawmh ... vm; ...vm; ...vl&JU vufwpfzufeJY wlaew,f q&mr&JU ...}}
[k ajymvdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
497
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefu tvefYwMum; atmf[pf&if; ar;vdkufonf/

]]&Sif ...&Sif ... tpwkef;u bmjzpfvdkY 'DtaMumif;awG uRefrudk rajym&wmvJ[if ...}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]b,fajymvdkYjzpfrvJ? rif;aMumufoGm;rSmaygh? wrifrajymbJxm;wm? olBudrf;vdkufarmif;vdkuf vkyfaewmeJY
wifyJ rif;odyfaMumufaeNyD r[kwfvm; ...}}
vdefvdefu ...
]]vifrdefusuf ... &Sif ...&Sif ... olay;wmudkaum &Sif pm;vdkufao;ovm; ...}}
vifrdeu
f sufu acgif;cgjy&if; ...
]]BuHBuHzefzef b,fpm;yghrvJ? vlYvufBuD;eJY wlaewm aoaocsmcsm jrifaerSyJ ...}} [k jyefajzvdkuf\/
vdefvdefu &ifbwfuav;udk zd
]]awmfygao;&JU? &Sifrpm;vdkufayvdkYyJ? pm;rsm;pm;vdkuf&ifawmh &SifeJY uRefreJY ...}}
vdefvdefonf olYpum;udk xyfrqufawmhay/ vltrsm;a&SUwGif rdrdwdkYESpfa,muf cspfBudKufaeaMumif;
ay:oGm;rnfjzpf olr\ pum;udk xyfrqufjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
avS\ukef;ywfwpfae&mwGif xdkifaeaom axmifuef;u ...
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'gayr,fh vifrdefusufu cdk;pm;rSmyg? 0efrcH&Jawmh nmNyD;ajymaewm ...}}
axmif&ufu 0ifaESmufjyef\/
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,ck tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu olYtm; pum;rajymajymatmif aESmufaeaomfvnf; rnfonfhpum;udkrQ
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axmif&ufu ...
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498
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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xm;onfhtcsufyg xyfrHaygif;pyfvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;om; wpfa,muf[k olwdkYpdwfxJ
rowfrSwfcsifMuawmhay/ olwdkY\bufawmfom; olwdkU\vl[k owfrSwfxm;vdkufMuawmhonf/
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______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
499
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a'0D*dkPf;csKyf
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
500
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
501
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
502
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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avSBuD;xJwGif &ufykcRefrSvGJvQif avmifwufonf touftBuD;qHk;jzpf usef0gqef;*dP
k f;om;tm;vHk;
xuf odkif;ynmavmutaMumif; ydkodonf/ odkif;avmurS emrnfBuD; *dkPf;csKyfrsm;taMumif;udk ydk Mum;zl;
em;0&Sdonf/ a'0D*dkPf;\aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;yHkrsm;udk udk,fwdkifrawGUbl;aomfvnf; '@m&DozG,f Mum;zl;
xm;onf/
xdka'0D*dkPf;udk odkif;avmuom;rsm; rnfrQGHUaMumufBuD; jzpfaeMuonfudk xdk*dkPf;om;rsm;a&SUwGif
a'0D*dkPf;[kac:aomfvnf; aemufuG,fwGif tqdyf*dkPf;[k ac:qdkMujcif;udkMunfh odomEdkifayonf/ tvGef
aMumufp&maumif;aom tqdyf*dkPf;BuD;wpf*dkPf;jzpf\/
*dkPf;\wnf&SdyHk taetxm;uvnf; qef;Mu,fonf/ tjcm;*dkPf;rsm;uJhodkY r[kwfbJ eufIdif;vSaom
awmBuD;rsm;twGif;wGif wnfaxmifxm;jcif;jzpf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
503
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmwGif; tqdyfyifrsm;? tqdyfow0grsm; aygrsm;vSonfjzpf&m tqdyfESifhywfoufvmvQif xdk*dkPf;om;

rsm;xuf tjcm;rnfolurQ ydkruRrf;usifMuay/ xdktaMumif;rsm;aMumifh odkif;avmom;rsm;onf a'0D*dkPf;[k
Mum;vdkufonfESifh wNydKifeuf MuufoD;wjzef;jzef; xMu&jcif;jzpfawmh\/
avSay:&Sd vltm;vHk; xdkrdef;uav;udk pl;pl;pdkufpdkufESifh MunfhaeMuawmh\/ xdkrdef;uav;u ...
]][kwfw,f? uRefremrnfu vefzkef;zkef;yJ? &Sif ... tapmBuD;uwnf;u odatmif uRefrajymjyom;yJ?
&SifurS em;rvnfwm uRefru a'0D*dkPf;u? 'gayr,fh a'0D*dkPf;csKyf&JU vufaxmufr[kwfbl;qdk&if a'0D*dkPf;
csKyf vefzkef;zkef;uvGJvYdk b,foljzpfEdkifawmhrSmvJ? usefwJhvlrSeforQ vefzkef;zkef;&JU vufatmufcH wynfhcsnf;yJ
...}}
ajymNyD;onfESifh wcpfcpf&,faeawmh\/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuvnf; vufckyfvuf0g;wD; a&ma,mif
&,fMuawmh\/ olwdkYtm;vHk; pnf;0g;udkufxm;onfhtvm; wpfjydKifwnf;ajymvdkufMuonf/
]]q&mBuD;&ufykcRefu od&JUom;eJY rodcsifa,mifaqmifNyD; twif;pum;ajymw,f &SufzG,f ...&SufzG,f ...}}
tvGefw&m aygaMumifaMumifEdkifvSonfh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufygay/
&ufykcRefonf thHzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkY\ pum;rsm;udk rMum;csifa,mifaqmif a'0D*dkPf;csKyf vefzkef;zkef;
tm; EIwfqufvdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... vufpowfawmh a'0D*dkPf;csKyfudk,fwdkif jzpfaewmudk;? bmudprsm;txl;&SdaevdkYvJ ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;u &,f ...
]]udptxl;awmh r&Sdygbl;? uRefru vifh[lcsKH;udk c&D;BuHKwmeJY 0ifMunfhwmyg? vifh[lcsKH;u &SifeJY *dkPf;wl
nDav;vm;? 'grSr[kwf wynfhvm; ...}}
]]nDr[kwfygbl;? wynfhyg ...}}
]]uRefr olYudkawGUcsifygw,f? awGUcGifh&rvm;&Sif ...}}
]]usKyfwynfhu odyfzsm;aew,f? owdaumif;aumif;r&ygbl;? 'Dawmh cifAsm;MunfhzdkY awGUzdkY odyftqif
rajybl;xifw,f? aemifBuHKwJhtcg vmMunfhygvm; ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;u&,f&if; ...
]]olu ... [dk ...[dk ... olY&JU tcifrifqHk;oli,fcsif;vdkY ajymoHMum;vdkY usrvmMunfhwmyg? aemufNyD; olu
ol'kuta&mufcHNyD; avmifxdk&JUorD;udku,fzkYd olYaoG;udk azmufxkwfNyD; aomufcdkif;w,fvkYd od&w,f? 'Dvdk
owdvnf;&Sd? pdwfaumif;vnf;&SdwJhvlrsKd;udk usrwdkY ]ajrmif} rdef;uav;awG odyfNyD; csD;usL;av;pm;Muw,f?
'gaMumifh uRefru olYudkawGUcsifwmyg ...}} [k ajymonf/
&ufykcRefu awGa0aeNyD; ...
]]'g ...'g ... 'gayr,fh ...}}
olYpum;udk qHk;atmifrajymEdkifcifrSmyif vefzkef;zkef;u 0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]olYudk,frSm 'Davmuf'Pf&m&xm;NyD; aoG;awG 'Davmufukefcrf;aerSawmh olb,fvdkvkyfNyD; vlaumif;
wpfa,mufvdk xlxlaxmifaxmif jzpfawmhrvJ? olu tjyifxGufawGUzdkY rjzpfEdkifbl;qdkwm usrem;vnfygw,f?
olYudk tjyifac:xkwfzdkY rvdkygbl;? usrtxJudk 0ifMunfhrSmyg ...}}
&ufykcRefu uref;uwef;wm;jrpfvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;udk,fwdkif wufMunfhzdkY rvdkygbl;}}
&ufykcRef\ wm;jrpfoHESifhtwl vefzkef;zkef;u avSBuD;ay:odkY ckefwuf a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ olr\
udk,f[efrSm ayghyg;jzwfvwfaomfvnf; odkif;ynm xufxufjrufjruf r&SdvSaMumif; jrifHkESifh odvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
504
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefu aemufodkY ESpfvSrf;rQ qkwfcGmvdkuf&onf/

odkYaomf vefzkef;zkef;0ifEdkifrnfhvrf;udkawmh ydwfxm;qJ&Sdao;onf/
olYtzdkY a&SUrwdk;om aemufrqkwfom rusOf;tusyfrsKd;udk awGUae&acsNyD/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf a'0D*dkPf;onf tvGef &ifqdkif&cufcJaom *dkPf;rSef; odaeaomaMumifh aywnf;/
tu,f *dkPf;ESifh &efNidK;zGJUrdoGm;vQif xdkoltzdkY raorcsif; wpfoufvHk; at;at;csrf;csrf; ae&awmh
rnfr[kwfacs/
rnfonfht&yfu ay:vmrnfrSef; rod&aom tqdyfvufeufrsm;udk usD;vefYpmpm; owd0D&d,ESifh
apmifhMunfhae&rnf/
odkYr[kwfygu tqdyf&Sdaom ow0gwpfaumifaumifu rdrdtm; udkufcJjcif; rjyKEdkif&ef rsufvHk;a'guf
axmuf Munfhae&ayrnf/
olwdkYESihf wdkufcdkuf&mwGif odkif;ynmwpfcw
k nf; tm;udk; r&Edkifay/ tqdyfESifh ywfoufvmvQifvnf;
rnfolrQ olwdkYavmuf ruRrf;usifMuojzifh olwdkYESifh,SOfvQif IH;zdkYu rsm;aeawmh\/
xdktaMumif;rsm;aMumifh &ufykcReftaejzifh wpfcsdefvHk; av;pm;pGm qufqHaejcif; jzpfawmh\/
,ck a'0D*kP
d f;csKyfudk,fwdkif avSay:odYk wufvmaomtcg olYtaeESifh vHk;0wm;jrpf&ef cufcJaeawmh\/
odkYaomf wpfudk,fvHk;wGif tqdyfrsKd;pHkygaeaom vlwpfa,mufudk rdrdavSay: ay;wufcGifhjyK&onfrSmvnf;
wu,fawmh tvGefausmcsrf;p&m aumif;aomudp jzpf\/
aemufNyD; olronf vifh[lcsKH;udk oabmdk;jzifh Munfhjcif;[kwfr[kwf rnfolrQ wyftyfaocsm rodEdkifay/
xdkYaMumifh kwfw&uf qHk;jzwfvdkufNyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... *dkPf;csKyfvefzkef;zkef;u rif;udk vmMunfhr,fwJh? xGufawGUvdkuf}} [k trdefYay; vdkufawmh\/
ol odkYqHk;jzwfvdkufjcif;rSm taMumif;&Sdonf/
avStwGif;odkY olr 0ifoGm;vQif tqdyfaumifrsm; tqdyfvufeufrsm; csxm;&ef vG,fuloGm;Edkifonf/
avSukef;ywfay:wGifrl vltm;vHk;u apmifhMunfhaeojzifh odkY vG,fulvdrhrf nfr[kwfacs/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; tjyifxGufawGU&ef trdefYay;vdkufjcif;jzpf\/
odkUaomf vifh[lcsLH;rSm owdr&wpfcsuf &wpfcsufjzpfae&mrS &ufykcReftrdefYay;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfhtcg
csnfheJYpGm wpfcsufrQ jyefxl;vdkufEdkifaomfvnf; tdyf&may:rS vHk;0rxEdkifbJjzpfaeonf/
vefzke;f zkef;u ...
]]olYrSm 'Davmuf 'Pf&mjyif;jyif;xefxef &aewJhOpm b,fxGufvmNyD; awGUEdkifrSmvJ? olY'Pf&mudk ydkBuD;
oGm;atmif vkyfovdk jzpfaerSmaygh? aemufNyD; 'DavSukef;ywfay:rSm avodyfjyif;wm awmfawmfMum tat;ywf
zsm;NyD; wjcm;a&m*gawG 0ifvm&if El&m0JpGJ vJ&molcdk;axmif;qdkwmvdk jzpfoGm;OD;r,f? uRefryJ 0ifoGm;Munfhvdkuf
yghr,f ...}}
olronf &ufykcRefydwfxm;onfh ae&modkyif wnfhwnfhrwfrwf avQmuf0ifvmonf/ &ufykcRef rnfodkYrQ
rwwfEdkifawmh/ a&Smifay;vdkuf&awmh\/
olronf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufteuf ig;a,mufwdkY xdkifaeMuNyD; usefwpfa,mufu xrf;pifxuf
vJavsmif;aeonfudk awGU&aomtcg NyHK;jyvdkufonf/ olru ...
]]&SifwkdYu tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufqdkwmvm;? uRefru a'0D*dkPf;csKyfyg? &SifwdkYtHhzG,f ajcmufa,mufuvnf;
odkif;avmurSm wrlxl;jcm;wJhvlawG? uRefrwdkYuvnf; odkif;avmurSm wpfrlxl;jcm;wJhvlawG? 'Dawmh uRefrwdkY
tm;vHk; vlxl;vlqef; trsKd;wlawGyJ ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
505
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifuef;u ...
]]'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;av? rif;u bmrsm; xl;qef;vdkYvJ? bmrsm; xl;qef;wmvkyfEdkifvdkY igwdkYeJY trsKd;wlvdkY
ajym&wmvJ? rif;utwkyJ ...}}
axmif&Srf;u ...
]]olu tppfyJxm;ygOD;? igwdkYu ajcmufa,muf? olu wpfa,mufwnf;yJuG? igwdkYu ig;a,mufawmif
ydkao;w,f? igwdkYudk t&nftcsif;eJYyJNydKifNydKif? ta&twGufeJYyJ NydKifNydKif NydKifcsif&muNydKif igwdkYudk rEdkifygbl;uG
...}}
vefzke;f zkef;u &,f ...
]]ta&twGufrsm;wmrsm; tqef;vkyfNyD; ajymae&ao;w,f? &SifwdkYu odyf&,fp&maumif;wJh vlawGyJ ...}}
[k ajymvdkufaomtcg tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwu
dkY jyefar;vdkuf\/
]]bmjzpfvdkY rqef;&rSmvJ? rif;u igwdkYxuf ta&twGufydkaevdkYvm;? rif;u igwdkYxuf ta&twGuf
rydkbJeJYrsm; rif;u rqef;bl; bmnm ajymae&ao;w,f? rif;u a'0D*kP
d f;csKyf ckepfa,muf vkyfjyrvdkYvm;}}
vefzke;f zkef;u wcpfcpf&,f&if; ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfckepfa,mufvkyfjyvdkY b,f&rSmvJ? 'gayr,fh &SifwdkYu tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf r[kwfvm;? &SifwdkY
tm;vHk;udk owfypfvdkuf&if &SifwdkYwpfa,mufrS rusefawmhbl;? uRefrwpfa,mufyJ &Sdawmhr,f? 'Dawmh uRefru
&SifwdkYxuf ta&twGufomoGm;wmaygh ...}} [kajymawmh\/
axmif0g;u a'goESifh atmf[pfawmhonf/
]]bmajymw,f rif;ursm; igwdkYudk owfr,f [kwfvm;? owfEdkifr,f xifvdkYvm; ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;u ...
]]owf&ifvnf; &w,f? rowf&ifvnf; &w,f? uRefru &SifwdkYudk rowfEdkifbl;rsm; xifaevdkYvm;
'gayr,fh &SifwdkYu vifh[lcsKH;&JUrdwfaqGvYdk ajymoHMum;xm;awmh rowfwmyJ aumif;ygw,fav ...}}
axmifuef;u ...
]]atmifrm ... owfvdkYaum&rSmvm; ...}}
kwfw&uf axmifuef;? axmif&Sef;? axmif&ufESifh axmif0g;wdkYav;a,mufonf &dyfceJ vIyf&Sm;vdkufMuNyD;
olr\ajcvufav;bufudk 0dkif;qGJxm;vdkufMuawmh\/
olwdkYav;a,mufonf olrtm; avxJqGJajrmuf&ef [efjyifvdkufNyD;rS ]tm;} ceJatmfum csufcsif;
aemufqkwfomG ; Muawmh\/
olwdkY\vuf0g;rsm;udk jzefY aMumuftm;vefYtm;jzifh pl;pdkufMunfhaeMuawmh\/
olwdkY rnfonfht&mudk MunfhaeMuoenf;/ &ufykcRefu vSrf;Munfhvdkufrd\/
olvnf; MuufoD;arG;nif;rsm;xNyD; ausmdk;wpfavQmufvHk; at;pdrfhoGm;awmhonf/
taMumif;rSm tHhzG,fav;a,mufwdkY\ vufz0g;wdkif;wGif wpfudk,fvHk;rnf;eufvsuf ajcacsmif;
q,facsmif;&Sdaom yifhuleufBuD;rsm; wpfaumifpD wG,fuyfaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomaMumifhjzpfay\/
xdkyifhulBuD;rsm;rSm xlxJpGmaom tarG;&SnfBuD;rsm; zHk;vTrf;ae&m tonf;i,folrsm;qdkvQif rdrdvuf0g;
ay:wGif jrifvdkuf&onfESifh toufxGufoGm;avmufayonf/
yifhulBuD;av;aumifpvHk; wvIyfvIyfjzpfaeMuonf/
tHhzG,fav;a,mufudkawmh rudkufMuao;/
udkufNyD;vQifvnf; odkif;ynm tvGefxufjrufMuonfh onfav;a,mufpvHk; wHk;ceJ aoNyD;jzpfaevdrfhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
506
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rQ tonf;xdyf&ifzdkzG,f&m jzpfaevdrfhrnf r[kwfawmhacs/

0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; tm;vHk;rSmvnf; &ifwrrESifh apmifhMunfhaerdMuawmh\/
avSBuD;wpfpif;vHk; toHwpfpufrQ rxGufawmhbJ vHk;0 Nidrfoufwdwfqdwfaeawmh\/
xdkpOf vefzkef;zkef;u olr\vufudk wpfcsufrQ a0SY,rf;vdkuf&m yifhulBuD;av;aumifpvHk; olr\vufxJodkY
jyefvnf a&muf&SdoGm;awmh\/
csufcsif;yif vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;Muawmhonf/ rnfonfhae&mrsm;odkY 0ifa&mufoGm;MurSef; rodEdkifcJhMuay/
vefzkef;zkef;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYtm; &Sdavonf[krQ rxifrSwfawmhbJ vifh[lcsKH;&Sd&modkY avQmuf0ifoGm;
awmh\/
______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
507
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aoG;oGif;jcif;
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm avS0rf;\tv,fcefYwiG f &SdaeMuonf/
vefzke;f zkef;onf avS0rf;twGif; a&muf&SdvmonfESifh tcef;wGif;&Sdvltm;vHk;udk rsufvHk;wpfcsuf a0hMunfh
vdkufonf/
olwdkY\q&mudk,fwdkifu pdk;GHUaeonfh a'0D*dkPf;csKyf olwdkYtem;odkY a&mufonfESifh 0gqef;*dkPf;om;
tm;vHk; wpfudk,fvk;H awmifhawmifhwif;wif;BuD; jzpfukefMuawmh\/
vefzke;f zkef;url rnfolYudkrQ *krpdkufbJ vifh[lcsKH;\ckwifem;odkY avQmufoGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ckwifab;odkYa&mufaomtcg wdk;nif;aomtoHav;jzifh ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ...vifh[lcsKH;}}[k ac:vdkufonf/
olr\toHrSm vGefpGm om,memaysmfzG,f &SdvSayonf/ Mum;&olwdkif;\ [m',ESvHk;udk udkifvIyfEdkifpGrf;
&Sdaom toHyifjzpfawmhonf/
olru vifh[lcsKH;udk ac:vdkufjcif; jzpfaomfvnf; Mum;vdkuf&olrsm;rSm rdrdwdkYtm; ac:vdkufoa,mifa,mif
xifrSwfrdMu\/
xdkYjyif c&movdkvdk wmovdkvdk toHrsKd;vnf;jzpfaeojzifh avS0rf;xJ&Sd 0gqef;*dkPf;om; a,musfm;uav;
rsm;rSm olr\toH ,pfrl;wuf<uvmrdMuNyD; rsufESmrsm; eD&JvmMuawmhonf/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsKH;\rsufvHk;rsm;u jznf;nif;pGm yGifhvmawmh\/
]]cifAsm; ... cifAsm; b,folvJ}}
vefzke;f zkef;u ...
]]uRefru &Sifh&JU tcifrifqHk; oli,fcsif;&JU oli,fcsif;ygyJ? 'gaMumifh uRefruvnf; &Sifh&JU oli,fcsif;yJaygh
...}}
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh pum;rsm;rsm;ajym&ef tiftm;r&Sday/ xdkYaMumifh ]tif;} [l wpfvHk;om ajymvdkufNyD;
jyefrSdef;aejyefawmhonf/
vefzke;f zkef;u ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;? &Sifu aoG;xGufrsm;oGm;vdkY 'Davmuf tajctaeqdk;0g;oGm;wmyg? 'gayr,fh tckawmh bmrS
pdk;&drfp&mr&Sdawmhygbl;? bmrSraMumufeJYawmh? raoEdkifawmhbl; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olr\pum;t"dym,fudk aumif;pGmem;vnfrdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
508
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf rl;aemuf&Da0aeojzifh olrtm; rnfonfhpum;rQ cGef;wHkYrjyefrday/

vefzke;f zkef;u vifh[lcsKH;\vufudk qGJ,lum aoG;ckefEIef;prf;Munfhvdkuf\/
twefMum prf;oyfNyD;aomtcg olr\rsufarSmifonf wjznf;jznf; ukwfoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\tajctaerSm ayghayghqqvkyf rjzpfaMumif; olrawGU&Sd&avNyD/
vefzke;f zkef;onf avS0rf;tjyifodkY xGufoGm;NyD; olr\avSi,fuav;ay:odkY vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/ olr
atmf[pfaeonfh pum;udk avSBuD;ay:&Sdvlrsm; rnfolrQ em;rvnfMuacs/
twefMumaomtcg aemufxyf ]ajrmif} trsKd;orD; av;a,muf avSBuD;ay:odkY ckefwufvmMuawmh\/
xdkajrmif trsKd;orD;uav;rsm;rSm touftm;jzifh q,fh&SpfESpfcefYom &SdMuOD;rnfh i,f&G,fEkysKdoluav;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/ vufxJwGifvnf; Budrfjcif;wpfvHk;pD udkifxm;Mu\/
&ufykcRefrSm xdktrsKd;orD;uav;rsm;udk Munfh rsufarSmifukwf oGm;awmh\/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf
xdktrsKd;orD;uav;rsm; udkifqGJvmonfh jcif;uav;rsm;wGif rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ ypnf;aumif; rygEdkifonfudk
odrdaomaMumifhwnf;/
vefzke;f zkef;\ cEmudk,fwGifyif tqdyfaumif trsm;tjym; ygaeNyDjzpf&m ,ckrdef;uav; av;a,mufu
wpfjcif;pDqGJ wufvmaomtcg tb,fqdkz,
G f&m &SdawmhtHhenf;/
odkYaomf a'0D*dkPf;om;rsm;bufrS &efvdkonfhtjyKtrlESifh trlt&m wpfpHkwpf&mrQ rawGU&ao;ojzifh
xdkrdef;uav; av;a,muftm; wm;jrpf&cufaeawmh\/
0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;taejzifh rsm;pGm tusOf;tusyf usae&onfhtwGuf rdrdudk,frdrd ESvHk;romr,m jzpfae
rdawmh\/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;av;a,mufwdkYu vefzkef;zkef;tm; wpfpHkwpfck wD;wdk;ajymMuonf/
vefzke;f zkef;u acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfjyvdkufonf/ xdkrdef;uav;rsm;u olwdkYo,faqmifvmonfh jcif;rsm;udk
udk,fpDukd,fpD zGifhvSpfvdkufMuawmh\/
olwdkY\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk avSay:&Sdvltm;vHk;u pdwf0ifwpm; apmifhMunhfaerdMuonf/
jcif;rsm;xJrS rnfuJhodkYaom tqdyfaumifrsm; xGufvmvdrfhrnfenf;[k odcsifaZmjzifh ai;MunfhaerdMu
onf/
Budrfjcif;rsm;qDodkY ai;Munfhaeolrsm;rSm rdef;uav;rsm;\ kwfw&uftjyKtrlaMumifh txdwfwvefY jzpf
oGm;Mujyefawmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkrdef;uav;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\ tusvufp&Snfrsm;udk vufarmif;&if;txd qGJwif
vdkufMuNyD; abmif;bD&Snfrsm;udkvnf; aygifvnfem;txd vdyfwifvdkufMuaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
0gqef;*dkPf;om; a,musfm;av;rsm;rSm &ifwxdwfxdwfjzifh rsufawmifrcwf ai;aerdMuawmhonf/
&ufykcRefrSm tBuD;tus,f pdwf'kua&mufae&awmhonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif awG;aerdonfrSm ...
]][m ... 'kuyJ? 'DaumifrawGvkyfyHku r[kwfao;ygbl;? a'0D*dkPf;[m emrnfqdk;oavmuf aMumufp&m
aumif;wmudk;? ighvlawGudk jrLqG,fNyD; wdkufcdkufawmhr,fxifw,f? ighwynfhawGu twGif;tm; odyfraumif;
ao;awmh olwdkYjrLqG,fwJh'Pfudk vHk;0cHEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;? cufNyD tckrS wu,fhudk tcufBuD;BuHKawmhwmyJ ...}}
&ufykcRefonf ol\"m;dk;udk wif;usyfpGmqkyfudkifvdkufrdawmh\/
tu,f rdef;uav;rsm;u wu,fwrf;jrLqG,f&ef BudK;yrf;vmvQif olYtaejzifh pwif wdkufcdkuf&
ayawmhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
509
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a'0D*dkPf;csKyfudkvnf; *krpdkufEdkifawmh/ tqdyfaumifawG xGufvmvQifvnf; vmapawmh/ tjywftowf

wdkufcdkuf&ayawmhrnf/
xdktcdkuf vefzkef;zkef;udk,fwkid f olr\abmif;bDudk aygifvnftxd vdyfwifvdkufonfudk awGYvdkuf&
awmh\/
&ufykcRefonf olUwynfhtm;vHk;udk avS0rf;tjyifodkY xGufoGm;&ef rsuf&dyfjyvdkufonf/
avmifwufESifh pD;usKdufwdkYESpfa,mufu csufcsif;yif tjyifodkY xGufoGm;Muonf/ usefvlrsm;url
ajcaxmufrsm; wHkYqdkif;aeMuawmh\/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;rsm;onf olwdkY\ Budrfjcif;rsm;xJrS taumifrsm;udk pwifxkwf,lvdkufMuonf/
xdktaumifrsm;rSm wGefYvdrfvIyf&Sm;aeMuonf/ tonf;,m;pzG,fyif/ tqdyfydk;aumif wpfrsKd;rsKd;om jzpfay
vdrfhrnf/
xdkrdef;uav;rsm;u xdktaumifrsm;udk aygifay:wGif wifxm;vdkufMuonf/ xdktaumifrsm;onf csufcsif;
yif wG,fuyfoGm;Muawmh\/ wpfaumifrS atmufodk jyKwfrusay/
&ufykcRefonf xdktaumifrsm;udk taotcsmMunfhrdonf/
aMomf ... vufpowfawmh arQmhawGjzpfaeyguvm;/ a&xJ v,fuGif;xJ awGUzl;jrifzl;Muaom a&arQmhrsm;
yifjzpfaeonf/ odkYaomf xl;jcm;onfhtcsufwpfcsufrSm onfa&arQmhrsm;u omrefarQmhrsm;xuf wpfqcefY ydkBuD;
aejcif;yifwnf;/
vefzke;f zkef;uvnf; a&arQmhwpfaumifudk xkwf,l rdrd\aygifwGif uyfxm;vdkufonf/
rsm;rMumrDyif olwdkY\ ajcovHk;rsm;? aygifrsm;ESifh vufarmif;rsm; a&arQmhaygif; taumifESpf&mcefYonf
tonf;,m;pzG,f wG,fuyfaoG;pkyfvsuf &SdaeMuayNyD/
avSay:&Sd vltm;vHk;rSm xdkrdef;uav;rsm;\ tjyKtrludk vHk;0em;rvnf oabmraygufEdkifbJ &SdaeMuonf/
zl;vifrSm aemufbufcef;wGif &Sdae&mrS avS0rf;\tv,fcef;rS ][m} ceJ ][if} ceJ ponfh tmar!dwfoHrsm;
rMumcP Mum;Mum;ae&aomtcg olrvnf; oHo,jzpfvmNyD; avS0rf;xJodkY 0ifvmawmhonf/
avS0rf;xJ&Sd rdef;uav;ig;a,mufwdkYudk awGU&aomtcg olrvnf; ][m}ceJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
vefzke;f zkef;wdkY ig;a,mufrSm NidrfoufpGm&yf&if; olrwdkY\ cEmudk,fay:&Sd arQmhrsm;udk Munfhaeonf/
&ufykcRefrSm "m;dk;udk wif;usyfpGm qkyfudkifvsuf toifhwdkufyGJ&ef [efyefrsKd;jzifh xdkrdef;uav;rsm;udk Munhf
aeonf/
tcef;xJwGif toHqdk rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&bJ wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeonf/
odkYaomf 0gqef;*dkPf;om;tcsKdU\ jyif;xefaom toufIoHrsm;udkrl Mum;ae&onf/ twefMumaomtcg
vefzkef;zkef;wdkY\ ajcovHk; aygifESifh vufarmif;rsm;ay:&Sd arQmhBuD;rsm;rSm wjznf;jznf; azmif;um;vmawmh
onf/
teDa&miforf;vmonf/
a&arQmhqo
dk nfrSm vl wd&pmef r[l olwdkYwG,fuyfvdkufrdonfESifh aoG;r0rcsif; jyefrcGmawmhacs/ aoG;0
oGm;rSom cGmcsoGm;Muayonf/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]olwdkY 'Da&arQmhawG&JU aoG;pkyfrIudk cHaewm[m bmoabmvnf; rodbl;? b,fvdkrS pOf;pm;vdkYvnf; r&
bl;? wpfckawmh&Sdw,f? 'Da&arQmhawG aoG;pkyfvdkY0vmawmhrS olwdkY&JU atmufvrf;ynmudkjyNyD; wdkufcdkufr,feJY
wlw,f}} [k pdwfxJrS awG;awmaerdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
510
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcsdefwGif vefzkef;zkef;u udk;q,f&mcdkifEIef;rQ aoG;pkyfNyD;aom arQmhwpfaumifudk olYvufarmif;rS cGmcs

vdkufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;\ apmifudkcGmcsvdkufum vnfyif;rS aoG;aMumem;wGif xdkarQmhBuD;udk uyfay;vdkufawmh\/
xdkarQmhBuD;rSm &mckdifEIef;jynfh aoG;r0ao;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;\vnfyif; rvGwfwrf; wG,fuyfaeawmhonf/
vefzke;f zkef;onf ykvif;uav;wpfvHk;udk xkwfvdkufNyD; aq;rIefYtenf;i,f,lum a&arQmhBuD;\udk,fay:odkY
jzL;csay;vdkufonf/
usefrdef;uav;rsm;uvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\ tusMu,foD;rsm;udk jzKwf &ifbwf? 0rf;Adkuf? vufarmif;?
ajcaxmuf? aygif tp&Sdonfhae&mrsm;ay:odYk rdrdwdkY\ arQmhrsm;udk jzKwf,lNyD; wG,u
f yfay;vdkufMuawmh\/
NyD;rS arQmhwdkif;udk aq;rIefYtenf;i,fpD jzL;ay;vdkuf\/
xdka&arQmhBuD;rsm;rSm olwdkY\ cEmudk,fay:&SdaepOfom azmif;um;aeaomfvnf; ,ck vifh[lcsKH;udk,fay:odkY
a&mufaomtcsdefwGifrl wjznf;jznf; ydefoGm;awmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf xdktcgrS aumif;pGmoabmayguf oGm;awmh\/
olu oufjyif;wpfcsufIduf&if; pdwx
f JwGif ...
]]vufpowfawmh vefzkef;zkef;u vifh[lcsKH;twGuf aoG;oGif;ay;aewmudk;? igu txifrSm;aecJhwmyJ? olwdkY
vkyfyHkuvnf; bmrSef;rod? nmrSef;rodqdkawmh txifrSm;p&myJ? [dkaq;rIefYawGu arQmhawG aoG;jyeftefxkwfcdkif;
wJh aq;rIefYawGjzpf&r,f? tif; awmfawmfhudk qef;Mu,fwJhynmyJ? b,folrS 'Dvdk pdwful;aygufrdMurSm
r[kwfbl;}} [k awG;vdkufrdonf/
csufcsif; wif;rmaeaom taMumrsm;udk ajzcsvdkufNyD; "m;dk;udkifxm;aom vufudkvnf; vTwfcsvdkuo
f nf/
aoG;rsm;jyeftefxkwfae&onfh arQmhrsm;onf wjzKwfjzKwf jyKwfusukefNyD; aoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/
vefzkef;zkef;u arQmhaorsm;udk aumuf,lNyD; tjyifodkY vTifhypfvdkuf\/
,cktcg vifh[lcsKH;\ 0gxdefaeaom rsufESm aoG;a&mif jyefvTrf;vmcJhacsNyD/ a&arQmh taumifESpf&m
ausmfrS oGif;vTwfvdkufaom aoG;rsm;rSm zefcGufBuD;wpfcGufpmrQ &Sdojzifh vifh[lcsKH;\ qHk;HI;oGm;aom
aoG;tm;vHk;ukd jyefvnftpm;rxdk;Edkifao;aomfvnf;
ol\touf&Sio
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taxmuftul jyKoGm;ayNyD/ aoG;tm;enf;jcif;aMumifh aoqHk;rIawmh rjzpfEdkifawmhay/
&ufykcRefonf zl;viftm; wpfcsufrQ MunfhvdkufNyD;? a'0D*dkPf;csKyfESifhywfouf awG;awmaerdawmh\/
]]'Drdef;uav;[m *dkPf;csKyfwpfa,muf jzpfvsufom;eJY olY&JUaoG;udk vif[lkcsKH;&JUukd,fxJudk oGif;ay;ao;
w,f? olu vifh[lcsKH;udk BudKufvdkY oGif;ay;wmawmh b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEdkifbl;? olYtajymt&awmh vifh[lcsKH;&JU
tcifrifqHk;oli,fcsif;&JU oli,fcsif;wJh? tJ'Dtcsufu awmfawmfav; pOf;pm;p&maumif;wJhtcsuf jzpfaew,f?
vif[lcsKH;u b,fwkef;ursm; 'Davmuf t&Sdeft0gBuD;wJhvleJY oli,fcsif;jzpfcJh&wmvJ ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;onf vifh[lcsKH;\rsufESm aoG;a&mifvTrf;vmonfudk MunfhNyD; auseyftm;&oGm;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ vufaumuf0wfaoG;aMumudk prf;oyfaepOftcgu olr\pdwfxJ tawmfuav; ylyefoGm;
rdcJhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf aoG;ckefEIef;udk renf;prf;oyfaecJh&aomaMumifhjzpf\/ ,ck vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY
aojcif;w&m;wnf;[laom awmifrS ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhacsNyD/
vefzke;f zkef;onf csKdvGifaomavoHuav;jzifh ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... tck b,fhES,faeao;ovJ? apmapmuxuf ae&xdkif&wm aumif;oGm;w,f r[kwfvm;[if}}
[k ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm acgif;xJ rl;aemufaeao;aomfvnf; xdkrdef;uav;\ ukorIaMumifh ododomom oufom
vmonfudk cHpm;&ojzifh olrtm; aus;Zl;wifpum; jyefajymvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
511
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm? awmfawmfhudk oufomvmwmygyJ ...}}

vefzke;f zkef;onf rsufvHk;uav;udk axmifhuyf pOf;pm;ovdk vkyfvu
dk fNyD;rS ...
]]&Sifhudk uRefrwpfckar;r,faemf? uRefrudkMunfh&wm &SifhtzdkY b,fvdkaeovJ ... [dk ... av ...[dk ...
uRefrudkMunfh&wm touf odyfBuD;aeNyDvdkYrsm; xifaeovm;[if}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]BuHBuHzefzef ... cifAsm;udk toufBuD;w,fvdkY b,folajymovJ? usKyfuawmh rxifaygifAsm? cifAsm;
pdwfqdk;rSmpdk;vdkYom? usKyfu cifAsm;udk nDrav;vdkYawmif ac:csifaewm ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;\rsufESm auseyfESpfodrfhoGm;aom trlt&mrsm; rzHk;EdkifrzdEdkif ay:aygufvmawmh\/ EIwfcsKd
oQKdwpfyg; r[kwyf gavm/ olr\rsufESmwpfjyifvHk; ysm;&nfqrf;xm;onfhES,f csKdjraeawmh\/
olru NyHK;vsuf ...
]]&Sifu pdwf&if;oabm&if; aumif;Hkwifrubl;? olrsm;awG&JU pdwfoabmudkvnf; odyfodwwfwmudk; ...}}
]]'gaMumifhrdkY wpfavmuvHk;u a,musfm;awGudk vHk;0*krpdkufcw
Jh Jholu &Sifhtay: 'Davmuf *kpdkufaewm
udk;? uRefru tpu odyftHhMocJhw,f? ckawmh rtHhMoawmhygbl;av? *kpdkufr,fqv
dk nf; *kpdkufavmufatmif
&SifhESvHk;&nf vufHk;&nfu aumif;aewmudk;}} [k ajymavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvsuf ...
]]cifAsm;u usKyfudkawmh csD;rGrf;aevdkufwm? cifAsm;ajrmufyifhaewmeJY usKyfacgif;eJY aumif;uifeJYawmif
wdkufawmhr,f? odyfpGrf; odyfawmfw,fvdkYawmh ajrmufyg&JU? tpfudkBuD;vdkY ac:&rSmudkawmh cifAsm; GHUaew,f
r[kwfvm;}} [k aemufTwf ajymvdkufawmh\/
vefzke;f zkef;\ rsufESmuav; aoG;a&mifvTrf;oGm;NyD; &SufpEdk;jzpfoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif
olr\EIwfrS ...
]]tpfudkBuD;}} [k vTwfceJ ac:vdkufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ol\vufarmif;udk rajrmufEdkifajrmufEdkif tm;wif;ajrmufvdkufNyD; ...
]][m; ...[m; ...[m; ... 'grS ighnDruG}} [katmfvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm Twfaemufaemufjzifh tajymiftysuf tifrwef ajymwwfoljzpf&m uJhodkY pdwfvGwfudk,f
vGwf ajymcsif&majym qdkcsif&mqdk udprsKd; aysmfaysmfTifTifjzifh xifwdkif;usJaeawmhonf/
olYtaejzifh raysmffEkdif rTifEdkifjzpf&onfhtcsdefrSm pnf;ESifhurf;ESifh ae&aomtcsderf sKd;om jzpfawmh\/
tcsufonfyif ol\q&m &ufykcRefESifhol ajzmifhajzmifhBuD;qefYusifaeaom tcsufyifjzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf tvGefyif vl&dyfvluJudk em;vnfaomoljzpf&m olr\tvSudk csD;usL; vdkufonfESifh
olryDwdzHk;oGm;onfudk aumif;aumif;BuD; &dyfrdcJhonf/
vefzke;f zkef;onf olYxuf toufBuD;aMumif;udkvnf; cefYrSef;rdonf/ odkYodvsufESifh nDrav;[k wrif
ac:vdkufjcif;jzpf\/ uJhodkY nDrav;[k ac:vdkufjcif;rSm wrif vQmt&omcHvdk ac:vdkujf cif; r[kwfay/
vifh[lcsHK;\ yifudk,fpdwfoabmudku a,musfm;rdef;r r[l olESifhqufqHolwdkif;\ ESvHk; at;csrf;oGm;
atmif ulnDvdkpdwf tNrJ&Sdoljzpf\/
&Dviftm; toufpGefY ulnDjcif;? avmifxdk\orD;tm; taocH aoG;xkwfulnDjcif;wdkYu ol\ ulnD
vdkpdwftwGuf oufaorsm;jzpfawmhonf/
,ck vefzkef;zkef;tm; csKdcsKdomom qufqHonfhudprSmvnf; oabmtwdkif;yifjzpfonf/ olYtm; wrif
oufouf vma&mufulnDoltm; pdwfaysmfTifoGm;ap&ef aqmifGuf&rnfhtcsufonf ol\ wm0ef0w&m;wpf&yf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
512
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[k ,lqojzifh uJhodkY nDrav;[k olrtBudKufudkvdkuf ac:vdkufjcif; jzpfawmh\/

odkYaom pum;av;oHk;vHk;avmuf ac:vdkufjcif;onf rnfolYtusKd;rQ qkwf,kwfapaom udpwpf&yf
r[kwfay/ wpfOD;wpfa,muf\ tusKd;udk vHk;0rxdcdkufay/ tusKd;omrsm;apaom pum;av;wpfcGef;twGuf
tb,faMumifh wGefYwdkEIwfqdwfae&rnfenf;/
rdrd\pum;aMumifh um,uH&Sif 0rf;ajrmufTifvef;oGm;vQif ukodkvfyif&Edkifao;onf r[kwfygavm/
&ufykcRefuawmh rsufarSmifukwfae\/
olYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;qdkwJhaumifuawmh ajcwpfzufu ocsKif;udk vSrf;aeNyD? t&SuftaMumufr&SdwJh pum;awG ajym
wkef;? 'DaumifrdkYvdkY 'DvdktcsdefrsKd;rSm 'DvdktajymiftysufawG ajymqdkEkdifw,f? onfhjyifvlqdk aocgeD;rSm olYem;rSm
'gawGvmajym&rvm;qdkNyD; aigufvTwfrSm? tckawmh olu olYudk,fol vlaumif;wpfa,mufusaewmyJ}} [k
pdwfqdk;rmefqdk; awG;awmaerdawmh\/
vefzke;f zkef;u &,farmvsuf ...
]]tpfudkBuD; a&arQmhawGawmhukefNyD reufjzefnusrS xyfzrf;vmcJhNyD; aoG;oGif;ay;OD;r,f? tpfudkBuD;
bmpm;csifao;vJ? pm;csifwmawGajymvdu
k f? bmrStm;remeJY? reufjzefvm&if uRefr,lvmcJhyghr,f}} [k vdkvdk
csifcsifajymaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH; jyefajymvdkufonfh pum;rSm ...
]]nDrav; tpfudkMuD;u tpmawmh odyfrpm;csifbl;uG ... at; ... wu,fvdkY auR;csifarG;csifpdwf &Sd&ifawmh
t&uf,lvmcJh? tpfudkBuD; t&ufodyfaomufcsifw,f ...}} [ljzpfawmhonf/
vefzke;f zkef;u wcpfcpf&,f&if; ...
]]tHrm ... 'gqdk ydkawmifvG,fao;w,f? uRefrwdkYrSm ]&wemig;yg;} qdkwJh xdyfwef;t&ufwpfrsKd; &Sdw,f?
awmfHkvlawmh aomuf&wmr[kwfygbl;? tpfudkBuD;aomufcsifw,fqdk&if prf;Munfhygvm;}} [kajymawmh\/
pum;qHk;onfESifh olrab;em;rS rdef;uav;av;a,mufwdkYtm; wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf/ xdkrdef;uav;rsm;
avS0rf;wGif;rS xGufcGmoGm;Muawmh\/ rsm;rMumrDyif t&uftdk;rsm;udk o,frvsuf jyefvnfa&muf&Sd vmMu
awmhonf/
t&uftdk;wpfvHk;udk zGifhvdkufaomtcg wpfavSvHk; arT;BudKifaom t&ufeHY zHk;vTrf;oGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]tm; ... arT;vScsnfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? olYrlvt&ufeHYu tqdyfaumifawG&JUteHYtoufaMumifh odyfjyif;wm? 'DteHY&wmeJY raomuf
csifyJ jzpfoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY yef;eHYawG 'Davmufrsm;rsm; xnfhxm;&wm ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wtHhwMojzpfoGm;NyD; jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]t&ufxJrSm tqdyfaumifawG&JU teHYtoufawGygaew,f [kwfvm; ...}}
vefzke;f zkef;u ...
]][kwfw,f tpfudkBuD;&JU ... &wemig;yg;qdw
k m uRefrwdkY*dkPf;&JU tzdk;twefqHk; t&myJ ... tpfudkBuD;Munhf
av? uRefrxkwfjyr,f ...}}
olru a&cGufwpfcGufudk,l t&uftdk;udk tukefoGefcsvdkufonf/ t&ufrsm; t&ufcGufxJodkY tukef
usoGm;NyD;umrS t&m0wKtcsKdU xGufusvmawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
513
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkusvmaom t&m0wKtcsKdUudk vifh[lcsKH;omru avS0rf;wGif;&Sdvltm;vHk; pdwf0ifwpm; iHkYMunfhrdMu

onf/ iHkYMunhfrdoltcsKdU tvefYwMum; atmf[pfrdMuawmh\/
atmfrdolrsm;\ tjypfvnf; r[kwfay/ xGufusvmonfht&mrsm;u atmfrdavmufonfht&mrsm; jzpfae
aomaMumihfwnf;/ t&uftdk;xJrS aemufqHk;xGufusvmaom t&mrsm;rSm tqdyfydk;aumif ig;aumifjzpfaeonf/
if;wdkYrSm a>rrnf;ao;ao;av; wpfaumif? yifhuleuf wpfaumif? uif;rvufrnf; wpfaumif?
uif;ajcrsm; wpfaumifESifh trsKd;trnf cGJjcm;rodEdkifaom tqdyfydk;aumif wpfaumifwdkYjzpfMuonf/
owdaumif;vGef;onfh vifh[lcsKH;yifvQif xckefrdrwwf jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
514
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
515
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
516
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u ab;ywfvnfudk rsufpdupm;vdkufaomtcg rarQmfvifhaomvlwpfa,mufudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifh

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
517
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
518
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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olwdkY\vufeufrsKd;pHkjzifh wpfNydKifwnf; xdk;ckwfwdkufcdkufMujcif;om jzpf\/ xdkYaemuf csufcsif;yif
aemufodkY jyefqkwfcGmoGm;Muonf/ &Dcsef;udkrl 0dkif;NrJ 0dkif;xm;vsuf &Sdaeao;\/
yxrwpfuGufwGif vlMurf;ckepfa,mufteufrS bkef;BuD;wpfyg;ESifh cg;ukef;BuD;wdkY\aygif 'Pf&m
toD;oD; &oGm;Muonf/
&Dcsef;\nmzufycHk;tusrSm pkwfNyJoGm;NyD; nmbufvufonf wpfpHkwpfckaom vufeufjzifh xdcdkufoGm;
rd[efwlonf/ "m;udk b,fbufvufwGif ajymif;udkifxm;\/
xdkpOf yxrOD;qHk; wdkufcdkufoluyif xyfrHatmf[pfvdkufNyD; yxrwpfBudrfenf;wl wdkufcdkufjyefonf/
usefajcmufa,mufwdkYuvnf; csufcsif;vdkvkyd if 0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufMujyefawmh\/
vufeuftcsif;csif; dkufcwfoHrsm; Mum;&NyD;onfhaemuf vlMurf;ckepfa,mufwdkY tvsiftjref jyefqkwf
oGm;Mujyefonf/
&Dcsef;udk 0dkif;&Hxm;NrJxm;vsuf qkwfoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ onfwpfBudrw
f Gifrl vlMurf;ckepfa,mufxJrS
rdef;rBuD;\ rsufESmwGif "m;wpfcsufxdoGm;onf/
&Dcsef;wGiv
f nf; "m;wpfcsuf tckwfcHvdkuf&onf/ ol\ b,fbufvufwGif xdoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumihf b,fbufvufjzifh "m;rudkifEdkifawmhay/ nmbufvufudk ajymif;ukdif vdkuf&jyefonf/
odkYaomf ... ol\nmbufycHk;rSm e*dkuwnf;u 'Pf&m&xm;onfjzpf "m;udk aoaocsmcsmukdif ckcHEdkif
awmhrnf r[kwfacs/
tu,f vlMurf;ckepfa,mufwdkYu onfwpfBudrf tjyif;txef0if wkdufcdkufcJhMuvQif &Dcsef;rSm tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,mufajymonfhtwkdif; tpdwfpw
d ft>rm>rm ckwfjcif;cH&ayawmhrnf/
ckepfa,mufxJrS wpfa,mufu ...
]]&Dcsef; rif;vufeufcsygawmh? rif;rSm 'Pf&mawGvnf; &aeNyD? wdkYudk rif;qufNyD; r,SOfEdkifawmhbl; ...}}
&Dcsef;u rsufESmudk wpfcsufrJhvdkufNyD; ][ifh} ceJ r&,fcsifh&,fcsif &,fjyvdkufonf/ olu csufcsif;yif "m;udk
ajrmufvdkufonf/
odkYaomf &Dcsef;tm;r&Sdawmh/ "m;onf vrf;ckvwfrS atmufodkY jyefusoGm;&awmhonf/
______
pmpOf (6) NyD;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
519
pmpOf (7)
pmpOf(7)
rmwdum
tceff;(43)
tcef;(44)
tcef;(45)
tcef;(46)
tcef;(47)
tcef;(48)
tcef;(49)
aoG;oGif;jcif; rStquf
[lyg;awmifukef;xdyf
a0hvnfaMumifywf
a&xJrS t&dyf
arwma&Munf
0gqef;*dkPf;rS txkwfcH&jcif;
ol&Jaumif;pdw"f mwf
ESif;qDa*[mBuD;
queen123
shadowstriker
shadowstriker
shadowstriker
shadowstriker
nnnaing
shadowstriker
nnnaing
scanned by NEO@mmcp
yxrtqifh wnf;jzwfol
tacsmowf wnf;jzwfol
shadowstriker
sideeffect
522
524
534
546
559
572
585
592
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf .....
]]a[h cPaeMuOD;}}
vifh[lcsHK;\ atmfoHyifjzpfawmh\/ olu &Dcsef;wdYk 0dkif;&dS&modkY jznf;nif;pGm avQmufoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ trlt,mrSm at;aq;wnfjidrf vSojzifh tm;vHk;u owdrjyKyJ raeEdkifavmufatmif jzpfoGm;MuNyD;
vifh[lcsHK;udk vSnfhMunfhrdMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ]]cifAsm;wdkY 7 a,mufu wpfa,mufwnf;orm;udk tiftm;eJYzdNyD; tEdkifusifhaewmuawmh
rw&m;ygbl;}}
7 a,mufteufrS cg;ukef;BuD;u ]]rif;u b,folvJ bmaMumifh igwdkYudk aeMuOD;av;/ rw&m;bl;av;eJY
bmjzpfvdkY a0zefae&wmvJ rif;yg oleJYvufwGJjyD; ocFsKdif;xJ oGm;csifvdkYvm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ]]usKyfuawmh oleJYtwlwlvdkufjyD; raocsifygbl;/ 'gayr,fh cifAsm;wdkYvkyfyu
Hk rw&m;
vGef;vdkY 0ifajym&wm rw&m;wmrSeforQ usKyfbmrS rjrifcsifbl;}}
7 a,mufxJrSwpfa,mufu ]]atmifrm ... BuD;BuD;us,fus,feJY vluawmh vlrrmkyfaygufaewJh
aumifursm; ... rif;ubmaumifvJ}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ]]'Daumifhudkyg wpfcgwnf; &Sif;ypfvdkufuGm udk,feJYrqdkifwJhtvkyf 0ifIyfwJh taumif}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ]]rif;u b,folvJ ..... w,fowd&Sdyguvm;/ rif;u b,fvdkvlrsdK;awGeJY qufqH
ae&w,fqdkwmaum od&JUvm; igwdkYeJY ywfoufvm&if 0ifpGuf&JwJhol tifrwef&Sm;w,f/ ajymprf; ... rif;emrnf
b,folvJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u oufjyif;csvdkuf&if; .....
]]usKyfemrnfuawmh vifh[lcsHK;yg/ usKyfu owd&SdvGef;vdkY 0ifpGuf&Jwmr[kwf ...}}
vifh[lcsHK; pum;yif rqHk;ao;acs? xdkvlMurf; 7 a,mufpvHk; wpfjydKifxJ atmf[pfMuawmh\/
]]bm ... vifh ... vifh ... vifh[lcsHK; [kwfvm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;u ]][kwfygw,f usKyfu vifh[lcsHK;yg/ ... tif; ... cifAsm;wdkY rsufESmawGMunfh&wm cifAsm;wdkYvJ
usKyf&JU oli,fcsif;eJU odMujyefNyDxifw,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; olhwpfoufvHk; vHk;0rawGUzl;cJhaom vlxl;vlqef; odkif;ynm&Sif
BuD;rsm;u olYtm; av;av;pm;pm; qufqHaeMuonfrSm olYoli,fcsif; wpfa,mufaMumifhjzpfaMumif; olwdkY\
pum;rsm;t& od&SdcJh&onf/ odkYaomf xdkoli,fcsif; rnfoljzpfonf qdkonfudkrl ,cktcsdeftxd OD;aESmuf
ajcmufrwwf pOf;pm;aeaomfvnf; wpfMudrfrQ pOf;pm;r&cJhay/
olUoli,fcsif;rsm;xJwGif rSs t&dSeft0gMuD;rm;ol wpfa,mufrQ r&dScJhay/ olYi,faygif; oli,fcsif;
wpfa,muf odkY vQrf;vQrf;awmuf ausmfMum;xif&Sm;olwpfa,muf jzpfoGm;onfudkvnf; wpfBudrfrQ
rMum;rdcJhay/
,ck vlMurf; 7 a,mufwdkYu rdrd\trnfudk Mum;vdkufonfESifh csufcsif; trlt&m ajymif;vJoGm;
onfudk awGU&aomtcg vlMurf;rsm;onfvnf; rdrd\xl;qef;aom oli,fcsif;\rsufESmaMumifh rdrdtm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
522
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
kddkaoao qufqHawmhrnfudk BudKwifodvdkufrdawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;\tawG;um; wu,fyifrSefvSayawmh\/

xdkvlMurf; 7 a,muf\ trlt,mrsm;onf dkdkusdK;usdK; trlt,mrsm;odkh ajymif;vJoGm;\/ olwdkYtxJrS tBuD;
qHk;aomvlBuD;u vifh[lcsHK;tm; OD;Twf tdt
k ao ay;vdkufum
]]usKyfwdkY 7 a,mufu owif;&&csif; 'DudkvdkufvmMuwmyg/ q&mav;udk awGUcsifvdkYyg/ apmapmu
q&mav;rSef;rodyJ apmfum;rdwmawGudk cGifhvTwfygvdkh awmif;yefygw,f}} [kajymavawmh\/
rdefrMuD;uvnf; ]]uGsefrwdkYu &Dcsef;[m q&mav;&JU oli,fcsif;rSef; rodvdkY ckvdk wdkufcdkufrdwmyg ...
awmfygao;&JU ... tm;vHk; b,folrS 'gPf&m jyif;jyif;xefxef r&MuayvdkUyJ}} [k 0ifajymjyefonf/
olronfxdkpum;udk dkusdK;ESdrfhcspGm ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
&Dcsef;u rcHcsdrcHom jzpfoGm;aomfvnf; olYtzdkY ,ckvdkaejcif;uom taumif;qHk;jzpfajumif; odonf/
olYvufxJrS "g;udkvnf;qkwfudkifcsif;iSm rpGrf;omawmhbJ "g;vGwfusoGm;awmh\/ >crfceJ jrnf[D;oHyif
xGufay:vmawmhonf// xdkvlMurf; 7 a,mufwdkYu &Dcsef;udk vHk;0 *krpdkufjuawmhay// xdkpOf cg;ukef;BuD;u
&if;EDS;aomavoHjzifh .....
]]usKyfwdkY ta&SUydkif;e,fawGudk a&mufvmawmh q&mav;&JUemrnfudk aumif;aumif; Mum;ae&jyD; tck 'Dudk
wyifwyef;vmwmu q&mav;eJY awGUcsifvkYdyg/ onfhjyif *dkPf;tzGJUtoD;oD;u acgif;aqmifawGvnf;
[lyg;awmifukef;rSm q&mav;eJY rdwfqHkEIwfqufyGJ usif;yzdkY pDpOfxm;Muw,f}}
cg;ukef;BuD;onf olYpum;udk acwem;vdkufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;\ taemufbufrS em;pGifhaeaom y&dwfowf
rsm;udk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ NyD;rS
]]q&mav;twGuf ... [lyg;awmifukef;xdyfrSm aq;jrpfaq;OawG trsdK;aygif;&mausmfaejyD/ q&mav;&JU
a&m*gav;twGufawmh bmrSrpdk;&drfeJYawmh ... BudKufwJhaq;eJY ukovdkY&w,f ... aoaocsmcsmudk aysmuf&rSmyg}}
[kajymqdkvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsHK;\ vufudk av;pm;&if;EDS;pGm vIyfudkifcg,rf; vdkufao;\/ xkdolYpum;udk Mum;vkduf
&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;awmhonf/ rnfonfht&yfrS *dkPftzGJUrsm;ayenf;// rnfonfh
aq;O? aq;jrpfrsm;enf;/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;onf EIwfrSwD;wdk;a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]*dkPf;tzGJU toD;oD;u acgif;aqmifawGwh/J igeJYawGUqHkzdkYwJh/ ightwGuf aq;awGvnf; pkxm;w,fwJh/
bmawGvJ/ igvnf;wpfckrS em;rvnfygvm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;wpfa,muf EIwfcrf; wvIyfvIyfESifh awGawGa0a0 jzpfaeyHkudkMunfhjyD; xdkcg;ukef;BuD;u
w[m;[m; &,faeawmh\/ jyD;rS
]]q&mav; bmrS pdk;&drfaMumifhMu jzpfraeygeJY/ 'Dudp&JU taMumif;&if;udk usKyfwdkY avQmufrajym&Jygbl;/
pdwfcsyg/ [m; [m; [m;/ 'DvkdudprsdK;u avQmufajymvdkYjzpfwJh udprsdK;rS r[kwfwm/ usKyfwdkY avQmufajymvdkY
wjcm;vlawG odoGm;w,fqdk&if usKyfwdkYyJ acgif;jzwfcH&r,fhtvkyfawmh b,fvkyfvdrfhrvJ/ [m; [m; [m;}} [k
tm;&yg;& &,f&if; ajymaeawmh\/
xdkvlMuD;u pum;rsm;udk ajymav/ vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY ydkem;rvnfav jzpfaeawmh\/ xkdvltm; ar;cGef; ar;&ef
vifh[lcsHK;u yg;pyfjyifvdkufpOfrSmyif qdkiftjyifrS tdkrif;aom vlwpfa,muf\toHudk Mum;vdkuf& awmh\/
]]'DqdkifxJrSm q&mav; vifh[lcsHK; &dSygovm; cifAsm/ usKyfwdkYu q&mav;vifh[lcsHK;udk vmBudKMu wmyg}}
xdktcdkufrSmyif aemufxyf toHwpfoHudk xyfMum;& jyefawmhonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; 0rfaygvQdK ... cifAsm;uvnf; q&mav; vifh[lcsHK;udk vmBudKwmvm;}}
vifh[lcsHK;udk vmBudKoltcsif;csif; tjyifrSm awGUqHkrdMu&if; pum;ajymqdk aeMu[efwlayonf//
aemufxyfajymonfh toH&SifrSmvnf; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; 0rfaygvQdK qdkoludk wef;wl&nfwl qufqHjcif; jzpfajumif;
avoHt& od&dSEdkifojzifh xdkol\ tqifhrSmvnf; ao;i,fvSrnfr[kwfajumif; cefYrSef;Edkifayonf/
xdkpOf yxr ar;vdkufonfh tdkrif;ol avoHaygufaeaom toH&Sifu
]]tvdk uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rmvnf; a&mufaewmudk;/ cifAsm;vnf; 0D&d, w,faumif;oAsm}}
xdkpOf qdkifxJodkY 0ifvmaom ajcoHwpfoHudk tm;vHk;Mum;vdkuf Mu&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
523
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[l;yg;awmifukef;xdyf
tvGefw&m BuD;rm;xGm;usdKif;vSonfh cEmudk,fydkif&Sif vlBuD;wa,muf/
qdkifxJodkY wvSrf;csif; jznf;jznf;csif; 0ifvmvsuf&Sdonf/
vlMurf;ckepfa,mufxJrS touftBuD;qHk;[k xif&aom vlMurf;BuD;wa,mufu ...
]][m ... uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rmygvm; ... cifAsm;vnf;'Dudk a&mufvmw,f [kwfvm; ...}}
xdktcg uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rmu xdkvlBuD;\tar;udk odyfpdwf0ifpm;[efrwl/ olar;csif&mudkom vSrf;ar;
vdkufawmhonf/
]]q&mav; vifh[l;csHK;u b,folygvJ cifAsm ... usKyfu q&mav; vihf[l;csHK;udk vmBudKqdkwJhvlyg ... tck
aus;Zl;NyKNyD; [l;yg;awmifukef;xdyfukd<uNyD; odkif;avmu u xdyfoD;odkif;orm;awGeJY awGUqHkEIwfqufyg ...
tm;vHk;u q&mav;vifh[l;csHK;udk apmifharQmfaeMuygw,f cifAsm ...}}
odkY rar;vnf; rjzpfacs/ uGsef;BuD;ocif pD;rmudk,fwdkif vifh[lcsHK;udk jrifzl;olr[kwf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;
tkyfpk? tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf? &Dcsef;ESifh vlMurf;BuD;ckepfa,muf ponfh vlwtkyfBuD;xJwGif vifh[l;csHK;qdkolrSm
csdKaygufaeol r[kwfojzifh tcsdKomqHk;? tysLiSmqHk; ar;jref;pHkprf;vdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/
vihf[l;csHK;u a&SUodkY wvSrf;wdk;xGufvsuf . . .
]]usKyfu vifh[l;csHK;yg ...}} [kajzvdkuf\/
uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rmonf csufcsif;yif OD;Gwftdktaoay;vdkufNyD; ...
]]usKyf&JUemrnfuawmh pD;rmyg ...}} [kjyefajym\/
vifh[l;csHK;onf olYq&mESifh q&mrwdkYxHodkY vufdI;xdk;jy rdwfqufay;vdkufonf/
]]'Du yk*dKvfBuD;ESpfa,mufuawmh usKyf&Jh q&meJY q&mrygyJ ...}}
uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rmonf &ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwdkYbufodkY vSnfh ...
]]awGU&wm 0rf;omygw,f ... [k EIwfqufonf/ csufcsif;yif vifh[l;csHK;bufodkY jyefvSnfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]q&mav;vihf[l;csHK;? usKyfwdkY tBudKaemufusaewmudk cGifhvTwfygcifAsm/ owif;&wJh ae&mwdkif; csufcsif;
vdkufMuwmygyJ/ gayr,fh yGwfumoDumav;awG vGJoGm;vdkY 'Dvdkaemufusae&wmyg ...}} [k &Sif;jyaeawmhonf/
trSefpifppf &ufykcRefonf odkif;avmu tvGefemrnfBuD;oljzpfayonf/ olYtrnfMum;vdkufwdkif; vlwdkif;?
vlwdkif;u dkaoav;pm;Muonf/ &ufykcRefrSm odkif;ynm xufjrufHkrQru aygif;oif;qufqHa&;vnf;
tvGefyif &nfrGefazmfaGoljzpf xdkrQemrnfausmfMum;cJhjcif; jzpfayonf/
odkYaomf ,ckawGUae&onfh vlwodkufrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; wa,mufvHk;jzpfonfh rdrdtm; vHk;0 ta&;
rxm;yJ &Sdaeonfudk BuHKawGUae&awmhonf/ tenf;i,f ta&;xm;onfqdkvQifvnf; vifh[lcsHK;\ rsufESmudk
axmuf tav;xm;vdkufjcif;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
524
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcGseftzdkY odkY qufqHcH&onfrSm tonf;uRJ0ifcwfouJhodkY tcH&cufrS cufayawmhonf/ odkYaomf

&ufykcRefrSm qifjcifpOf;pm;OmPf BuD;oljzpf&m ol\pdwfukd xdef;xm;Edkifonf/ ol\ cHpm;&csufrsm;udk wcGef;
wavrS zGifhrajymacs/ rodvdkuf rodbmomyif aevdkufawmh\/
xdkpOf *dkPf;csKyf 0rfaygvQdKqdkaomol 0ifvmawmh\/ 0rfaygvQKdonf touf&Spfq,fausmf tG,f&SdavNyD/
odkYaomf tG,fESifhrvdkufatmifyif oefpGrf;zswfvwfvSaMumif; tm;vHk;u owdjyKrdvdkufMuonf/
0rfaygvQdKu vifh[lcsHK;ukd OD;Gwf tdktaoay;vdkufNyD; ....
]]q&mav;? usKyfwdkY*dkPf;u 'De,frSm usufpm;wJh*dkPf;yg/ b,fae&mrSm bmjzpfw,fqdkwm usKyfwdkY
t&ifodMuwJhvlawGyg/ 'gayr,fh q&mav;eJYywfoufNyD; usKyfwdkY ysufuGufaemufusae&wmuawmh usKyfwdkY&Jh
BuD;rm;aom tjypfBuD;ygyJ/ q&mav;udk olrsm;xufydkNyD; rjyKpkEdkifwm pdwfraumif;ygbl; ...}}
xdkpOf vlMurf;ckepfa,mufxJrS cg;ukef;BuD;u ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; 0rfaygvQdK? cifAsm;u tdrf&SifyJ? usKyfwdkYu tjyifua&mufvmwJh {nfhonfawGyJ/ {nfh0wf
ausyGefzdkY wm0efuawmh cifAsm;wm0efyJAsdKU ...}}
*dkPf;csKyf0rfaygvQdKu w[m;[m; &,farmvsuf ...
]]usKyfem;vnfygw,fAsm ? usKyfem;vnfygw,f/ q&mav;vihf[l;csHK;twGufom r[kwfbl;qdk&if usKyfwkdY&Jh
ydkifeufe,fajrxJ'Davmufrsm;wJh vlpGrf;aumif;odkif;orm;BuD;awG b,fvmvdrfhrvJ/ BuHKwkef;BudKufwkef;
tausyGefqHk; {nfhcH&rSmuawmh usKyfwm0efyJ/ 'DtwGufawmh rylMuygeJYAsm/ {nfh0wfrausyGefwJh tjyKtrl
wckawGU&if usKyfacgif;tjzwfcHr,f/ uJ . . . uJ . . . tck[l;yg;awmifxdyfrmS t&uf0dkif;awG jyifxm;w,f/
q&mav; vifh[l;csHK;eJY 'DurdwfaqGawG b,ftcsdefavmuf awmifay:wufMurvJ . . . ]] [k ar;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[l;csHK;rSm olYq&m &ufykcGsefbufodkY wcsufMunfhum . . .
]]q&m? uRefawmfwdkY oGm;Murvm; . . . }}
&ufykcRef\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]igwkdYu txufvrf;*dkPf;om;awG? olwdkYu atmufvrf;*dkPf;u vlawG/ 'DvlawGeJY tkwfta&ma&m
ausmufta&ma&m aevdkYb,fjzpfrvJ/ 'gayr,fh tcktajctaerSmawmh vifh[lcsHK;udk oGm;cGifhrjyKvdkY rjzpfbl;/
oGm;cGifhrjyK&if jyemwufEdkifw,f/ olwdkYu vihf[lcsHK;tay:rSm odyfudk dkdkaoao qufqHaeMuwmudku
jyemjzpfEdkifwJh tcsufyJ . . . }}
&ufykcGsefonf qHk;jzwfcsufwck csvdkufNyD; . . .
]]vihf[lcsHK;? rif;vdkufoGm;vdkuf/ igwdkYaemufuae jznf;jznf;vdkufvmcJhr,f}} [k trdefYay;vdkuf\/
xdktcg 0rfaygvQdKESifh pD;rmwdkYvlodkufu vifh[lcsHK;udk 0rf;yef;wom ac:aqmifvmMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;ukd rsufjcnfjywfrcHaom olrsm;rSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkYo
d m jzpfawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;ESihf odyftuGmrcHyJ rvSrf;rurf;rS vdkufvmMuonf/ olwdkYaemufrS vlMurf;BuD;ckepfa,muf
uvnf; twlvdkufygvmMuonf/
&ufykcRefu zl;vifudkwcsufMunfhum . . .
]]nDrav; ... awGUvm; ? 'DvlawGu vihf[lcsHK;ukd t"duxm;aeMuwm/ igwdkY vdkufvkduf rvdkufvdkuf
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&ufykcRefu acgif;ndwfjyvdkuf\/ xdkYaMumifh 0gqef;*dkPf;wzGJUvHk; vihf[lcsHK;wkdYESifh tvSrf;uGmuGmrS
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
525
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;pD;vmaom jrif;vSnf;rSm [lyg;awmifukef;bufokdY OD;wnfarmif;ESifawmhonf/

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
526
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
527
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;u ... ]]q&mBuD; ... uGsefawmhfa&m*gu uk&cufygw,f/ q&mBuD;taeeJY 'Davmuf tyifyef;cH

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
528
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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ydef&donf oufjyif;&SnfBuD;csNyD; qufajymjyefonf/
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]]Asm}}
]]AsmraeeJY/ rif;aMumifh owfaooGm;wm ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;w,rf;,rf;jzifh ...
]]usef;az;eJY uRefawmfeJY b,fvdkrS rywfoufzl;bl;/ olY"m;odkif;ynm aumif;vGef;vdkY Mum;zl;wmyJ&Sdw,f/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
529
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
uGsefawmfeJY oleJY wcgrSawmif rawGUzl;bl;}} [k em;rvnfEdkifpGm ajymaeawmh\/

]]trSefqdk&if igac:vmr,fh odkif;ynm&Sif &Spfa,mufxJrSm 'Dusef;az;vnf; ygw,f/ tck olaooGm;awmh
wa,muf avsmhoGm;wmaygh ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ydef&dajymaeonfh pum;udk rnfodkYrQ qufpyfem;vnfEdkifjcif; r&Sdojzifh yg;pyfta[mif;om;
jzifh ydef&dudkom ai;Munfhaerdawmh\/ ydef&duvnf; ,ckrS wnfNidrfrIudk &&SdoGm;ojzifh at;at;aq;aq;
&Sif;jyonf/
]]at;av ... wu,fhwu,fawmh rif;udk tjypfwifvdkYr&ygbl;/ vefzkef;zkef;raumif;vdkY 'Dvkdjzpf&wmyg/
tjzpfu 'DvdkuG/ usef;az;[m odkif;ynmvnf; xufxufjrufjruf&Sdw,f/ vluvnf; acsmw,f/ olu
vefzkef;zkef;udk cspfa&;qdkaewmuG/ vefzkef;zkef;u vufrcHbl;/ 'gayr,fh usef;az;uvnf; ZGJravQmhbl;/
q,furmNyHK;awmif rrkef;ygbl;qdkwJh vli,frsdK;ayhguGm}}
]]'Dvkd bufpjHk ynfhpHkwJh vlrsdK;udk vefzkef;zkef;u bmjzpfvdkY vufrcH&wmvJ ...}}
]]vefzkef;zkef;u 'Dvdk taMumif;jyw,f/ olu a'0D*dkPf;csKyfqdkawmh tdrfaxmifrjyK&bl;wJh/ uJ ... ol
tdrfaxmifrjyK&bl;qdkwm xm;ygawmhuGm/ olu bmjzpfvdkY vlawGolawGa&SUrSm rif;udk ]tpfudkBuD;} vkdY ac:&
wmvJ ...}}
]][m ... q&mBuD;uvnf; tpfudkBuD;vdkY ac:wmrsm; qef;ovm;/ uGsefawmhfudk tpfukdBuD;vdkYac:wJh
rdef;uav;awG wyHkMuD;ygbJ/ tm;vHk;uRefawmfeJY dk;dk;om;om;csnf;ygyJ/ 'DtpfudkBuD;qdkwJh pum;u
]pum;qef;} rS r[kwfwmyJ q&mBuD;&JY ...}}
ydef&du vifh[lcsHK;ukd NyHK;Munfh&if; ...
]]rif;uTifeefe,fu ]ajrmif} vlrsdK;awG&Jh tavhtxtoHk;tEIef;awGudk em;rvnfvdkY 'Dpum;ajymaewm}} [k
ajymav\/
]]q&mBuD; ... Tief efe,fu ajrmifawG&Jh "avhx;Hk pHudk uGsefawmhfudk ajymjyygtHk; ...}}
]]ajymrSmyg ... ajymrSmyg/ Tifeefe,fu ajrmiftrsdK;orD;uav;awG[m olwkdY&JUcspfoludkrS ]tpfudkBuD;}
vkdYac:wmuG/ wjcm;e,fom;awGu rif;vkdaygh/ bmrSxl;xl;qef;qef; r&SdMubl;/ 'gayr,fh usef;az;u
Tifeefe,fom;qdkawmh olYtzdkYawmh xl;jcm;aewmaygh/ 'Dowif;ukd olMum;vdkuf&awmh &SufNyD; udk,fhudk,fudk
owfaovdkufwmyJ ...}}
]]jzpfrSjzpf&avAsm ...}}
ydef&du ar;vdkufonf/
]]vihf[lcsHK; ... rif;rSm cspfol&SdaeNyDyJ/ bmjzpfvkdY vefzkef;zkef;udk &doJhoJh vkyf&wmvJ/ igrif;eJY awGUzl;wm
odyfrMumao;ayrJh rif;&JY tavhtxukdawmh igenf;enf;&dyfrdaeNyD/ rif;u pnf;urf;uefYvefYem; xm;r,fh
aumifrsdK; r[kwfbl;/ awmfMum rif;&JYcspfolu 'DudpudkodoGm;&if rif;pdwfrnpf&aybl;vm; ...}}
vihf[lcsHK; rJhNyHK;NyHK;vdkuf\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]igu vefzkef;zkef;ukd nDrav;vkdY aemufTwfTwfac:rdwmeJY 'DvdkjzpfcJh&w,f/ vefzkef;zkef;u ighudk
aoG;oGif;ay;w,f/ t&ufwdkufw,f/ tukdBuD;vdkYac:w,f/ 'gawGtm;vHk; nDrav;vdefvdefu awGUaewmyJ/
igeJY vefzkef;zkef;eJY arwmr&SdMubl;qdkwm nDrav;u odaeom;yJ/ ododrodod bmxl;rSmvJ/ nDrav;
vdefvdefu vifrdefusufudk arwm&SdaeNyDyJ/ ighudk ta&;pdkufwmrS r[kwfwm/ ightzkdY bmrsm;ydkxl;NyD; pdwfnpf&
OD;rSmvJ ...}} [k woDwwef;BuD; awG;aerdawmh\/
xdkpOf ydef&duquf ...
]]vefzkef;zkef;u rif;udk 'Dtm;wdk;t&ufwkdufwmawmh apwemeJYygyJ/ 'gayr,fh tckawmh apwemu a0'em
jzpfae&NyD/ bl;av;&m zHkqifhqdkwmvdk rif;&JYudk,fxJrSm tifrwef IyfaxG;aewJhMum;xJ 'Dtm;wdk;t&uf
0ifvmawmh &Sif;vdkYr&atmifudk xyfIyfoGm;awmhwmyJ/ 'kuay:rSm 'kuxyfqifhvdkufwJh oabmyJ ...}} [k ajym
avawmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;taejzifh rnfodkYwwfEdkifygrnfenf;/ uHMurmuom t&Sifocifjzpfonf/ uHMurm\ appm;csuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
530
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
t& odkY jzpfcJh&jcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdbmom BuHBuHzefzef avQmufvkyfNyD; odkYjzpfcJh&jcif;r[kwf? tvdktavsmuf

jzpfay:vmjcif;om jzpf\/ odkYaomf orm;awmfBuD;onf rdrdtm; ukPma'gojzifh ajymaeonfudk od&Sdrd\/
rdrdtwGuf rQavmuf ylyefaomua&mufaeonfudk od&ojzifh pdwfraumif;yif jzpfrdjyefonf/
xdkYaMumifh ...
]]q&mBuD; ... vefzkef;zkef;uvJ ...}}
olYpum;yif tqHk;rowfEdkifacs/ ydef&du 0ifatmfawmh\/
]]tck ... igu b,fvkduk&awmhrSmvJ? ajymprf;ygtHk;/ igb,fvkduk&awmhrSmvJ ...}}
orm;awmfBuD;onf pdwfxdckdufpGmjzifh tl;ozG,f atmf[pfaeawmhonf/ NyD;rS ...
]]rif;udk,fxJrSm 'Dtm;vdIif;BuD;awGu wu,fhudk IyfaxG;jyif;xefaewm/ igu xdyfoD;odkif;orm;
&Spfa,mufudkac:NyD; 'Dtm;vdIif;awGudk tckzsufcdkif;vdkufvQif xdvkdufwmeJY aygufuGJoGm;rSmyJ/ rif;vnf;
csufcsif; yGJcsif;NyD; aorSmyJ/ aemufNyD; rif;u [kdt&ufawGaomufvkdufawmh rif;&JYaoG;xJrSm tqdyfawG jzpfaeNyD
...}}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm wcGef;wyg'rQ 0ifrajymacs/ NidrfoufwdwfqdwfpGm em;axmifaeonf/
ydef&du oufjyif;wcsufcsum ...
]]tckawmh igu rif;ukd b,fvdkrS ru,fEdkifawmhbl; ...}}
olu pum;udk acw&yfvsuf vifh[lcsHK;ukd pdkufMunfhvdkufNyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;&JYa&m*gudk aysmufzkYd igrpGrf;Edkifawmhbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif; vlYavmuBuD;xJ oHk;ESpfavmuf
qufNyD; touf&Sifcsifao;w,fqkd&if igajymovdkvkyf/ t&ufraomuf&bl;/ rdef;r rvdkufpm;&bl;/ olrsm;eJY
&efrjzpf&bl;/ 'DoHk;csufudk a&SmifEdkif&ifawmh rif;aemufxyf oHk;ESpfavmuf touf&SifaeEdkiv
f drfhr,f ...}} [k ajym
avawmh\/
vihf[lcsHk;u w[m;[m; x&,fvkdufNyD; ...
]]q&mBuDu wu,fhrjzpfEdkifwmawGukd vma&Smifcdkif;awmhwmudk;/ a,musfm;wa,muf vkyfaeNyD; 'DoHk;csuf
a&Smif&r,fqkrd Sawmh bmjzpfvdkYqufNyD; touf&SifaeoifhawmhrSmvJ/ tapmBuD;uwnf;u aovdkufwmrS
taumif;qHk;yJaygh q&mBuD;&m/ ...}} [k ajymvkdufonf/
ydef&du a'gowBuD; xatmfonf/
]]vihf[lcsHK; ... igu rvkyfeJUqkd&if rif;rvkyf&bl;/ ightzkdY rif;&JYa&m*gudk ukvkdYr&bl;qdk&if ighemrnf
ysufawmhrSmayghuG ...}}
vihf[kcsHK;u pdwfxdcdkufpGmjzifh ydef&d\vufudk qkyfudkifvkduf\/ olu ...
]]q&mBuD; ... q&mBuD;&JY apwemudk uRefawmf woufvHk; rarhEdkifawmhygbl;/ 'gayr,hf ao&awmhr,fh
vlwa,mufudkawmh q&mBuD;b,fvdkrS rukEdkifygbl;/ uGsefawmhftwGufaMumifh q&mBuD;&JYodum rusap&ygbl;
vkdY uGsefawmfuwday;ygw,f }}
xdkodkY ajymaepOfrSmyif vlwa,muf acgif;jyL0ifvmawmh\/ axmifuef;yifjzpf\/
olu ... ]] vifh[lcsHK; ... rif;&JYa&m*g aumif;oGm;NyDvm; ...}}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,f ...
]]aumif;oGm;NyD ... q&mBuD; ydef&d&JY aq;ynmu wu,fxufjrufwmAs/ usKyf&JYa&m*gudk 'Dq&mBuD;
wa,mufyJ aysmufatmifukEdkifw,f ...}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
axmifuef;u 0rf;omtm;&avoHjzifh ...
]]'Dvdkqdk odyfaumif;w,f/ vm ... t&ufoGm;aomufMupdkY ... [k ac:avawmh\/
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh vihf[lcsHK;\ vufudkqGJum tjyifodkY qGJac:oGm;awmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u ydef&dudk
EIwfqufNyD; axmifuef;ac:&modkY vdkufoGm;awmhonf/ orm;awmfBuD; ydef&drSmrl wa,mufwnf; ai;idkifvsuf
usef&pfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;wa,muf wJtjyifodkYa&mufonfESihf vlwdkif;u t&ufcGufudk urf;ay;Muawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
531
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vnf; urf;orQ? vSrf;ay;orQ t&ufcGufrSeforQ wpufrusef aomufavawmhonf/ olYtaejzifh ao&awmh

rnfudk taotcsm odaeNyDjzpf bmudkrQ ta&;rpdkufawmhacs/ trlt&m? tajymtqdkrsm;udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;jcif; r&Sdawmh/ pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf &,farmaeawmhonf/
odkif;orm;wodkufrSm vihf[lcsHK;\ azmfaGyGifhvif;rIESifh oabmoum, aumif;vGef;rIrsm;udk tvGef
oabmusoGm;ojzifh tkwftkwfuRwfuRwf jzpfaeMuawmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;onf t&ufawmfawmfrsm;rsm; aomufNyD;aomtcgrS orm;awmfBuD;ydef&dukd kwfw&uf owd&
vkdufum wJtwGif;odkY jyefvnf 0ifa&mufvmrdonf/
orm;awmfBuD; ydef&dwa,muf pm;yGJcHkay:wGif arSmufvsufom;jzifaeojzifh vifh[lcsHK;u ajy;ayGUvdkufaom
tcg toufr&SdawmhaMumif; awGU&avawmh\/
ynmrmeBuD;vGef;aom orm;awmfBuD;aywnf;/ vihf[lcsHK;\a&m*gudk rdrd\aq;ynmjzifh rukoEdkifawmh
aMumif; od&Sd&aomtcg &SufNyD; udk,fhud,
k fudk tqHk;pD&ifoGm;jcif; jzpfawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;onf acsmufjcm;pGm atmf[pfvdkufNyD; orm;awmfBuD;ydef&dukd wif;usyfpGmayGUydkuf&if; rsuf&nf
awGawG usqif;aeawmh\/
xdkpOf wJtjyifrS atmfoH? [pfoH? oDcsif;qkdoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf vGefpGm
pdwfxdcdkufaerdawmh\/ xdkpOf vlwa,muf wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwf 0ifvmonf/ xdkolu wdk;nif;aomtoHjzifh
ac:vdkufonf/
]]q&mav; ...}}
usLcsef;aywnf;/
vihf[lcsHK;onf idkoHygBuD;jzifh ...
]]usL . . . usLcsef; . . . q&mBuD;ydef&d aooGm;NyDAs / aooGm;NyD . . . }} [k ajymavawmh\/
odkYaomf usLcsef;url ydef&daoqHk;onfu
h dpudk pdwfxdcdkuf[efrjy/ olu tavmoHk;q,favoHjzifh ...}}
q&mav; usKyfwckawmif;qdkyg&ap/ wu,fvdkY vlwa,mufa,mufuar;&if usKyfudk q&mav;taeeJY
wcgrS rawGUzl;ygbl;vkdY ajymygaemf ...}}
vifh[lcsHK; tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;onf/
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJAs ...}}
usLcsef;u ...
]]bm ... bmrSrjzpfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh aemufrS xyfawGUMuao;wmaygh ...}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh okwfueJ ajy;xGuf aysmufuG,foGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf wJtjyifodkY xGuf&efxvdkuf\/ xdktcsdefwGif vlwa,muf 0ifa&mufvmjyefonf/
uGsef;BuD;ocif pD;rmyifwnf;/ olu vihf[lcsHK;tm; ...
]]q&mav; ... usKyfwckavmuf awmif;qdkcsifygw,f/ wu,fvkdYvlwa,mufu 'D[l;yg;awmifxdyfudk
b,folawGa&mufvmvJvdkY ar;&if q&mav;u usKyf&Jhemrnfudk rajymygeJYaemf/ usKyftrsm;BuD;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f ...}}
vihf[lcsHK;u ...
]][kwfuJh rajymygbl;/ 'gayr,fh bmjzpfvdkYvJqkw
d mawmh odcsifygw,f ...}}
uRef;BuD;ocif pD;rm\ rsufESmwGif uav;i,fwa,muf trSm;vkyrf daomtcg &SufGHUaeonfh trlt&mrsdK;
ay:ae\/
pD;rmu xpfxpfaihgaighjzifh ...
]]'g ... 'g ... 'gawmh ...}}
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]]cifAsm;wdkY vkyfyHku r[kwfao;ygbl;/ bmvJ usKyfeJYrdwfaqGtjzpf qufqH&wm[m cifAsm;wkdYtzdkY
odumusp&m jzpfaew,faygh [kwfvm; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
532
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pD;rmonf xdwfxdwfysmysm jzpfoGm;NyD; . . .

]]r . . . [kwfygbl; / q&mav; txifvGJoGm;wmyg/ usKyfwdkY 'DtaMumif;udk &Sif;rjywwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh
q&mav;rSm tcuftcJ wpHkw&m&SdvdkY usKyfwdkYudk vSrf;ac:vdkufwmeJY usKyfwdkY tajy;tvTm;a&mufvmMurSmyg/
wcsufrSrjiif;ygbl;/ pdwfcsyg/}}
pum;qHk;onfESihf olvnf; okwfokwfxGufcmG oGm; jyefawmhonf/ vihf[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif tvGef tHhMoae
awmhonf/ olYtawG;xJwGif ...
]]olwkdY ightay:rSm wu,fcifrifMuwmawmh xif&Sm;w,f/ tckawmh b,fvkdjzpfukefMu jyefwmvJrodbl;/
'Dudpukd b,folodrSm aMumufae&wmvJ ...}}
xdkpOf vlwa,muf wJtwGif;odkY 0ifvmjyefonf/ olu acsmif;wcsuf[efYvdkufNyD; . . .
]]q&mav;? tjyifbufu rdwfaqGawGu q&mav;udk EIwfqufcdkif;vdkufMuygw,f/ olwdkYrSm ta&;wBuD;
udp&SdaevdkY jyef&awmhr,fwJh/ q&mav;udk udk,fwdkifukd,fus EIwfrqufEdkifwJhtwGuf cGifhvTwfygwJh . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]] udpr&Sdygbl; . . . }}
tjyifbufrS vloHrsm; wjznf;jznf; wdwfqdwfoGm;onfudk odae&onf/ olUtm; aemufqHk;vmajymae
olrSm *dkPf;csKyf 0rfaygvQdKjzpf\/ 0rfaygvQdKrSm tdrf&Sifoabmjzpfaeojzifh ,cktcsdefxd usefaejcif;jzpf[ef&Sd
onf/
0rfaygvQdKu xpfxpfaighaighjzifh . . .
]]'D ... 'Dudp usKyfvkyfvkdufwm odyfNyD; wnfhwdk;BuD;jzpfoGm;w,f/ usKyfwdkYtm;vHk; wu,fhudk thHMowm
vnf;waMumif;? rsufESmvdkcsifMuvdkYuvnf; waMumif;? tckvdk vkyfrdMuwmyg/ tck . . . tckawmh &SufomG ;NyDeJY
wlw,f/ 'Dudpukd olu vlawGodyfodapcsifyHk r&bl;/ usKyfwdkYuvnf; vlMurf;awGqkad wmh 'grsdK;
b,fem;vnfyghrvJ .....}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm 0rfaygvQdK\ pum;rsm;udk vHk;0em;rvnfEdkifbJ jzpfaeonf/
0rfaygvQdKu quf .....
]]'gayr,fh q&mav; ... bmrSpdwfrylygeJY/ pdwfat;at;omxm;yg/ q&mav;rSm a&m*g&Sdaeayr,fh
aysmufuif;rSmu aocsmygw,f/ 0g;Hkawma'0Du odyfxufjrufwmyg ...}} [k ajymavawmh\/
pum;qHk;onfESifh olvnf; vSnfhxGufoGm;jyefawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]b,fu 0g;Hkawma'0DvJ/ igvnf; wckrS em;rvnfygvm; . . . }}
xdkpOftjyifbufrS jrif;cGmoHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&NyD;aemuf vloHvHk;0 wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;awmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK; orm;awmfBuD;ydef&d\ tavmif;udkom ai;armMunfhvdkufro
d nf/ twefMumrS wJtjyifodkY
xGufvmrdawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
533
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a0hvnfaMumifywf
vihf[lcsHK;onf tjyifbufodkY a&mufaomtcg vlolvHk;0r&SdawmhaMumif; awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ awmifuke;f
wckvHk; Nidrfoufaeawmh\/
olu toHudk jrifh atmfvdkufonf/
]]q&m ... q&m ..}}
olYq&m\ jyefvnfxl;oHudk vHk;0rMum;&awmhacs/ rdk;rSmvnf; rvif;ao;/ awmifukef;ay:wGif
olwa,mufwnf;om &Sdawmhonf/
ae&mtESHUtjym;wGif t&ufcGuf? zefcGuf? OD;xkyf? vufudkify0g ponfwdkY jynfhESufvsuf&Sdaeonf/
apmapmu atmf[pfaysmfyg;aeaom vlrsm;onf kwfw&ufxGufoGm;MuonfrSm xif&Sm;aeonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]olwdkYu bmjzpfvdkY 'DavmuftavmwBuD; xGufoGm;&wmvJ rodbl;/ 'DvlawG[m aMumufwwfwv
Jh lawG
r[kwfygbl;/ vlMurf;olMurf;awGyg/ tckawmh wu,fhudkowd r&SdwJholawGvdk uref;uwef;jyefajy;MuwmyJ/
q&mwdkYuvnf; b,fwkef;u jyefoGm;MuovJ rodbl;/ wu,fvdkY tE&m,fwckck usa&mufr,fqdk&ifvnf;
ighudk taMumif;Mum;zdkYawmh oifhwmaygh/}}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm rsm;pGm pdwfxdcdkufoGm;&awmhonf/ olYq&mrsm;uvnf; olYudk pGefYypfcJhMuNyD/
avmuBuD;rSm tvGefus,f0ef;vSonf rSefaomfvnf; olYtwGuf oGm;p&mae&mr&SdbJ jzpfaeawmh\/
rnfolwOD;wa,mufurQ olYudk ta&;rpdkufawmhay/ ypfy,fxm;vdkufMuavNyD/
awG;ay . . . aqG;ayOD;awmh vihf[lcsHK;a&/
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfrsm; xdckdufvIyf&Sm;vmonfESifhtrQ olYudk,fxJrS twGif;tm;vdIif;rsm;uvnf; vIyf&Sm;
x<uvmawmh\/ xdkYaemuf tcsif;csif; qefUusifwdkufcdkufMuawmhonf/
xdkUaMumifh wcsuf,dkifvJoGm;&onf/ olu vl;vJx&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/
odkYaomf olv;Hk 0 jyefrxEdkifawmh/ olYtiftm;[l vHk;0r&Sdawmhacswum;/
vifh[lcsHK;onf ZGJravQmh/ acwrQ tem;,lvdkufNyD; 'kwd,tBudrf tjyif;txef vl;vJx&ef BudK;pm;vdkuf
jyefonf/
odkYaomf onfwBudrfwGif tm;xkwfrI tqHk;pGefa&mufoGm;ojzifh ol\em;xJwGif ]0kef;} ceJ jrnf[nf;oGm;
um olYrsufpdrsm;twGif; tarSmifxkBuD; zHk;tkyfoGm;avawmh\/ xdkae&myif vJusum owdarhoGm;avawmh\/
tcsdefrnfrQ MumoGm;onfrod/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm ol\em;wGif; om,mNidrfhanmif;vSonfh BudK;wyfwl&d,m
wD;cwfoHukd Mum;ae&awmh\/
xdktoHukd Mum;vdkuf&onfESihf vihf[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJ ESif;pufESif;aygufrsm;ESifh xdawGUvdkuf&aom yef;zl;
yef;iHkrsm;ozG,f vef;qef; at;jroGm;awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
534
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK; aumif;aumif;odvdkufonf/ aw;oHonf aumh&efNrdKU 0g;HkawmrS bGm;bGm;wD;cwfonfh

]udk,fpdwfESvHk;at;&dyfzHk;] aw;oGm;yif jzpfawmhonf/
rkefwdkif;xefaom yifv,fjyifxJrS vlwa,mufonf em;cdkp&m uRef;wuRef;udk awGUvdkuf&onfhES,f
vifh[lcsHK;onfvnf; xdkaw;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfESihf tvGefyif pdwftm;wufoGm;rdawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh kwfw&uf xxdkifrdonf/ wl&d,moHrSm wJxJrS xGufvmjcif;jzpf\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf wJ&Sd&modkY avQmufoGm;rdonf/ wJem;odkY a&mufoGm;aomtcgwGifrl wJwHcg; aphxm;onfudk
awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf wJwHcg;udkzGifh&ef a&SUodkYwvSrf;rQ wdk;vdkufrdonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif olYacgif;xJodkY tawG;wck 0ifvmawmh\/
]]'Daw;oGm;[m [dk0g;HkawmxJu bGm;bGm;&JYvufoHyJ/ [dk0g;HkawmrSmwkef;u olYrsufESmudk wcgrSrjybl; .
. . tckvnf; wHcg;udk aphxm;w,fqdkwm t&rf;r0ifapcsifvYjkd zpfrSmyJ . . . 'Dawmh olYcGifhjyKcsufr&yJeJY 0ifoGm;vdkY
raumif;bl; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf wJwHcg;0rS twGif;odkY vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]bGm;bGm; . . . vifh[lcsHK;u bGm;bGm;udk EIwfqufygw,f/}}
aw;oGm;onf wjznf;jznf; wdk;nif;oGm;NyD; aemufqHk; &yfqdkif;oGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf xkdaw;oGm;\ t"dym,fukd vHk;0 em;rvnfaomfvnf; em;0iftvGefcsdKvSaMumif;udkrl
odrdonf/
rdrdukd tm;vHk;u pGefYypfoGm;MuNyD[k apmapmu pdwfxdckdufrdonf/
odkYaomf onfbGm;bGm;wa,mufurl rdrdtm; tav;ay;*kpdkufvsuf oem;Muifempdwf xm;aeao;aMumif;
cHpm;od&Sdrdvu
dk fawmh\/
xdkpOfta0;rS vlwa,muf\ ajymqdkoHudk kwfw&ufMum;vdkuf&onf/
]][dkbufrSm wl&d,mwck wD;aewJhtoHukd Mum;vdkuf&w,f . . . atmufvrf;*dkPf;uvlawG tukef
xGufajy;oGm;wm Mumao;wmr[kwfbl; . . . usefwJhol usefaevdrhftHk;r,f . . . }}
aemufxyfvlwa,muf\ atmf[pfar;jref;oHonf awmifukef;xdyfrSm us,favmifpGm vGifhysHwufvmonf/
]]a[h ... b,faumifvJ? awmifukef;xdyfrSm &Sdaewm emrnfajymprf; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xkdvl\toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh twGif;tm; tawmfjrifhrm;aMumif; odvdkuf\/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]aMomf . . . 'gaMumifh uGsef;BuD;ocifpD;rmeJY *kdPf;csKyf0rfaygvQdKwdkY a&;BuD;okwfjymeJY xGufajy;Muwmudk; . .
. wu,fyJ . . . txufvrf;*dkPf;uvlawG vmNyD; wdkufcdkufMuwmudk; . . . olwdkYaMumufr,fqkv
d nf;
aMumufp&myJav . . .}} [k awG;vdkufrd\/
pD;rmESihf 0rfaygvQdKwdkYuawmh vGwfajrmufoGm;ayNyD/
,ck txufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifh rdrd awGUrdMuvQif rnfodkYajz&Sif;&ygtHhenf;/ tajzudkyif pOf;pm;
r&EdkifbJ jzpfaejyefawmh\/
aemufqHk; BuH&mr&onfhtqHk; wJab;&Sd tumtuG,fwckaemuf 0ifa&mufykef;ckd vdkuf&awmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]wJxJrSm bGm;bGm; wa,mufxJ&SdwmyJ . . . bGm;bGm;vdk toufBuD;wJh trsdK;orD;wa,mufudkawmh . . .
tEdkiftxufvkyfr,f rxifygbl; . . . olwdkYu txufvrf;*dkPf;om;awGyJ Opm . . . }} [k awG;vdkuf\/
xdktcdkufrSmyif ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&awmh\/ vloHk;a,muf avQmufvmonfh toHyifjzpfawmh\/
vlESpfa,muf\ ajcoHrsm;u jyif;oavmuf usefvlwa,muf\ ajcoHu wdk; nif;vSaMumif; vihf[lcsHK;
owdjyKrdvdkuf\/
xdkoHk;a,mufonf awmifukef;xdyf vlwa,mufrQ r&Sdonfhtjzpfudk awGU&aomtcg wtHhwMo
jzpfoGm;Mu[efw\
l / olwdkYoHk;a,mufteuf toHtus,fqHk;vlu . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
535
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DacG;rom; . . . b,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ rodbl; . . . }}

toHwdk;wdk;ESifhvlu . . .
]]odyfawmhrqef;ygbl;av . . . aMumifvm&if <uufawG ajy;Mu&rSmaygh . . . a&Smifvif*dkPf;u
odkif;q&mBuD;ESpfa,muf o&JwapawGudk owfjzwfacsrIef;zdkY a&mufvmw,f qdkwmudkvnf;Mum;a&m
wcsdK;wnf; vpfajy;MurSmaygh . . . }}
aemufwa,muf\ w[m;[m;&,fou
H kd Mum;vdkuf&jyef\/ xdkolu . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . [kwfw,f . . . 'gayr,fh cifAsm;pum;u tukefvHk;awmh rrSefao;bl; . . .
w0ufavmufyJrSefvdrfhr,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh a&Smifvif*dkPf;u q&mBuD; ESpfa,mufcsnf;aMumifhawmh
r[kwfao;bl;As . . . cGef;vGef*dkPf;u q&mBuD;udkvnf; aMumufvdkYjzpfygvdrhfr,f . . . }}
xdktcg oHk;a,mufpvHk; w[m;[m; &,fvdkufMuawmh\/ oHk;a,mufteuf wa,muf\&,foo
H nf
vifh[lcsHK;\ em;udkyif tloGm;apawmh\/ xdkvl\twGif;tm;rSm trSew
f u,fyif jrifhrm;vSawmh\/
]]'DoHk;a,mufxJrSm ESpfa,mufu a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;u? wa,mufu cGef;vGef*dkPf;u/ a&Smifvifbk&m;
ausmif;qdkwmu odkif;avmurSm OD;pD;OD;aqmifjyKaewJh *dkPf;BuD;yJ/ cGef;vGef*dkPf;taMumif;vJ q&majymzl;wmyJ .
. . "m;odkif;ynm odyfaumif;qdkyJ . . . tck olwdkY*dkPf;BuD;ESpf*kdPf; vufwGJvmMuw,fqdkawmh odyftiftm;
aumif;oGm;wmaygh . . . {uE olwdkYoHk;a,mufu . . . a&SUajy;uif;tzGJUoabmavmufyJ &Sdr,f . . . aemufrSm
ppfulawGygvmrSm aocsmw,f . . . 'gayr,fh q&mwkdUuyg bmjzpfvdkYa&mNyD; aysmufoGm;&wmvJ . . .
'Dtcsufudk vHk;0pOf;pm;vdkYr&bl; ...}} ponf . . . ponfwdkUukd awG;Munfhaerd\/
xdktckduf cGef;vGef*dkPf;rSvlu . . .
]]r[kwfao;bl;As . . . usKyfwdkUapmapmuyJ BudK;wyfwl&d,mwck wD;cwfaeoHudk Mum;vdkuf&w,f
r[kwfvm; . . . 'Dvl a0;a0;rajy;Edkifbl; . . . b,fae&moGm;ykef;aeovJ rodbl;/ aemifBuD; . . . usKyfwdkY
&SmMunfh&if aumif;r,fxifw,f . . . }}
toHus,favmifvSonfhvlu . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . 'Daumifwae&mrSm ykef;aewmyJ jzpf&r,f . . . uJ . . . igwdkYyg 0dkif;&SmMupdkY }}
aemufwa,mufu ]]cifAsm;wkdYu 'DbufrSm&SmMu/ usKyfu [dkwJxJudk oGm;&Smr,f }}
ajymajymqdkqkdjzihf xdkvlonf wJbufodkY avQmufvmawmh\/
xdkpOfwJxJrS csdKvGifaom toHuav;wcku avvdIif;pD;um xGufay:vmawmh\/
]]uGsefru . . . 'DwJxJrSm wa,mufxJ aexdkifaew,f/ 'Dvkd nBuD;rif;BuD;rSm uRefrwJxJudk b,folY
udkrS ay;r0ifEdkifygbl;}}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm &ifwxdwfxdwf ckefoGm;awmh\/
]][kwfNyD . . . [kwfNyD/ 'g[m 0g;Hkawm bGm;bGm;&JYtoHyJ}}
xdkvlu . . . ]] tvkd . . . rdef;roHygvm; }} [k a&Gwfaeawmh\/
toHus,favmifvSonfholu . . .
]]apmapmwke;f u igwdkY Mum;vdkuf&wJh wl&d,moH[m rif;wD;aewmvm; }}
]][kwfygw,f ? uRefrwD;aewmyg}}
]]uJ ... BuHKBudKufwkef; igwdkYudk wyk'favmufwD;jyygvm}}
]]uRefr roduRrf;wJhvlawGudk wcgrS wD;cwfrjyzl;ygbl;}}
xdktcg aemufwa,mufu
]]rif;u w,fBuD;us,fygvm;? wkdYu csdKcsdKomomqufqHwmudk rif;u racsriH qufqHw,fayghav/
'DwJxJrSm wckckawmh &Sdae&r,f/ uJ . . . usKyfwdkY 0if&SmMur,f}}
toHus,favmifvSonfhvlu . . .
]]rif;vdk rdef;rom;wa,mufu bmjzpfvdkY awmifukef;xdyfrSm wa,mufwnf; vmae&wmvJ/ 'Dvkd
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
536
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wa,mufwnf;ae0HhwJh owdudku awmfawmfxl;jcm;aeNyD . . . 'Dawmh rif;vnf; atmufvrf;*dkPf;uvlyJ jzpf&

r,f/ igwdkYwJxJ 0if&SmMur,f}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh olwdkYoHk;a,mufpvHk; wJbufodkY avQmufvmMuawmh\/ wJxJukd trSefwu,f
0if&SmMuayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm olwdkY\pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg a'gojzpfvmrd\/ xkdYaMumifh olu tumtuG,frS
xGufvmNyD; wJwHcg;a&SUwGif rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfaevdkufawmh\/ EIwfrSvnf; ....
]]&yfvdkufMu}}
xdkvloHk;a,mufwdkYrSm wJab;rS vlwa,muf kwfw&ufxGufvmonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg xdwfceJ
jzpfoGm;Mu\/
odkYaomf xdkolrsm;rSm tawGUtBuHKrsm;vsuf 0g&ifholrsm; jzpfMuojzifh olwdkYtm; wm;jrpfvdkufolrSm
vli,fwa,mufom jzpfaeaMumif; awGU&onfhtcgwGifrl vHk;0ta&;rpdkufawmhacs/
toHus,favmifonfhvlu . . .
]]a[h . . . rif;b,folvJ? bmjzpfvYdk cdk;aMumifcdk;0SufeJY wJab;rSm ykef;ae&wmvJ/ rSefrSefajymprf;}}
]]uRefawmfu 0gqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsHK;ygyJ/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;eJY cGef;vGef*dkPf;u q&mBuD;awGudk *g&0
jyKygw,f}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh ol\cg;udkTwfum tdktaoay;vdkuf\/
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;u vlu . . .
]]rif;u 0gqef;*dkPf;u[kwfvm;/ 'DrSm bmvmvkyfaewmvJ/ bmtaMumif;&SdvkdYvJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]q&mBuD;wdkUuvnf; 'Dukd bmvmvkyfMuwmvJ}}
xdktcg cGef;vGef*dkPf;uvlu &,farmvdkufNyD; . . .
]]rif;u w,fvQm&SnfwJhaumifygvm;/ igwdkYar;wmukdawmh rajzbl;/ igwkdYudkawmif jyefar;cGe;f xkwfvdkuf
ao;w,f/ w,ftajymaumif;wJh aumifygvm;/ 'DwJxJu rdef;ru b,folvJ? ajymprf; }} [k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]olu tbGm;BuD;wa,mufyg/ at;at;csrf;csrf;aecsifwJholyg/ olYbmom at;at;csrf;csrf; aeygap}}
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om;u . . .
]]rif;bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ/ l;aeovm;/ olYtoHu 'DavmufcsdKjraewhJOpm/ toufi,fi,fav;
yJ &Sd&tHk;rSmaygh/ bmtbGm;BuD;vJ / l;aMumifaMumifeJY/ aygufu&awG ajymraeprf;eJY }}
vihf[lcsHK;u &,f . . .
]]'DbGm;bGm;&Jh toHaumif;wm bmxl;jcm;wmrSwv
f dkY/ olu i,fi,fuav;wnf;u *Dwudk awmfawmfav;
vdkufpm;cJhyHk&wmAs/ 'Dawmh toHu odyfcsdKaewm/ toufBuD;rBuD; uGsefawmfajymjyr,f/ olYwlu q&mBuD;wdkY
xuf touf 20avmuf ydkBuD;ao;w,f/ uJ . . . 'DbGm;bGm;&Jh toufudk cefYrSef;Munfhav}} [k ajymvdkuf
awmh\/
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om;u . . .
]]a[haumif . . . ab;z,fprf;? rif;ajymaewJh pum;awG wckrS,kwdr&Sdbl;/ igwdkYudk,fwdkif wJxJ0ifMunhfNyD;
rS ,Hkr,f/}}
vihf[lcsHK;u vufESifhwm;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]q&mBuD;wdkYu w,fcufygvm;/ bGm;bGm;u ckeuajymxm;NyD;NyDyJ/ b,folYukdrS rawGUcsifygbl;wJh }} [k
wm;jrpfvdkufawmh\/
xdktcg a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om;u vifh[lcsHK;\vufudk wGef;z,fxkwfypfvdkufonf/ vihf[lcsHK;rSm twGif;tm;
vHk;0r&Sdoljzpf vH;k 0awmifhrcHEdkifawmhbJ vJusoGm;avawmh\/
xdkvlonf vihf[lcsHK;taejzifh uJhodkY odkif;ynmvHk;0rwwfol jzpfvdrfhrnfr[kwf[k ,lqxm;cJhojzifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
537
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
txifao;tjrifao; HIUcsaomtMunfhjzifhMunfhum . . .
]]rif;ursm; 0gqef;*dkPf;om;av; bmav;eJY . . . }}
olu ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh wJbufodkYavQmuf&ef ajcvSrf;jyifvdkufawmh\/ vihf[lcsHK;onf csufcsif;yif
BudK;pm;x&yfvdkuf\/ olu dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif;yif jyefqufqHawmhonf/ tpyxruJhodkY dkaoorIESihf
q&mBuD;[lyif xyfrac:awmhacs/
]]cifAsm;wdkY w,fdkif;pdkif;ygvm;/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;? cGef;vGef*dkPf;om;awG vkyfNyD;awmh bmjzpfvdkY csnfheJY
aewJh tbGm;BuD;wa,mufudk tEkdifusifhcsif&wmvJ}}
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om;u . . .
]]rif;[m wu,fvQm&SnfwJhaumifyJ }} ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh vifh[lcsHK;\ yg;udk jzef;ceJ vSrf;dkufvkdufawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm twGif;tm;r&Sdawmhaomfvnf; xkdol\ nmbufycHk; wcsufvIyfvdkufonfESifh xdkvlonf
b,fvufjzifh rdrd\ OD;acgif;udk wckckvkyfawmhrnfrSef; BudKwifodvkdufonf/
odkYaomf olY tm;tifvHk;0r&Sdojzihf vHk;0ra&SmifvdkufEdkifacs/ xdkYaMumifh yg;wcsuftdkufcHvkduf&onfESifh
]0kef;} ceJ ypfvJusoGm;awmh\/
xdktcg a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;wa,mufu . . .
]]nDav;? 'Daumifu odkif;ynmrS vHk;0rwwfwm/ oleJUzufNyD; &efjzpfraeeJYawmh/ wJxJukd t&if0if&Sm/
awmfawmfMum wjcm;aumifawG tm;vHk;xGufajy;ukefOD;r,f}}
vihf[lcsHK;udk dkufvdkufolu . . .
]][kwfw,f . . . wJxJudk 0if&SmMur,f}}
onfwBudrfwGifvnf; vifh[lcsHK;wa,muf rwfwyf&yfvmjyefonf/ onfwcgawmh olYvufxJwGif
"m;&Snfwacsmif;ygvm\/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]'DwJxJu bGm;bGm;u usKyftay:rSm aus;Zl;&SdcJhzl;w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY usKyftouf raoao;oaGUawmh
bGm;bGm;udk b,folrSrxdap&bl;/ toufeJYvJNyD; umuG,fr,fvdkY usKyfqHk;jzwfxm;w,f/}}
xdktcg a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;wa,mufu w[m;[m; &,fvdkufawmhonf/
]]bmvJ . . . rif;u rif;vufxJu"m;eJY igwdkYukd wm;r,fayghav/ wm;aum wm;Edkif&JYvm;uG }}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]wu,fawmh usKyf&Jh odkif;ynmuav;u rjzpfpavmufav;yg/ usKyftaeeJY cifAsm;wdkYukd b,fvdkrS
tEdkifrwdkufEdkifygbl; / 'gayr,hf 'DwJxJukd 0ifr,fqkd&ifawmh usKyfudk t&ifowfNyD;rS 0ifvkdY&r,f/ usKyfuvnf;
cifAsm;wdkY 'DwJxJ r0ifEdkifatmif raorcsif;umuG,foGm;rSmyJ }}
toHus,favmifvSonfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;u . . .
]]rif;u odyfowd&Sdwmayhgav? [kwfvm;/ rif;wdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm "m;odkif;tzGJU? avodkif;tzGJUqdkNyD;
tzGJUESpfzGJUuGJaew,f/ rif;u "m;odkif;tzGJUuvm;? avodkif;tzGJUuvm;/ 'grSr[kwf avvnfwJhtzGJUuvm; [m;
. . . [m; . . . [m; . . . }}
xdkolu&,fvdkuaf omf usefESpfa,mufuvnf; vdkuf&,fMuawmh\/
ynmaph0 tESpfjynfh0aomolqdkonfrSm wOD;wa,muftm; oa&mfapmfum;jcif; trIrsdK; rjyKtyf&m/
vifh[lcsHK;u at;aq;wnfNidrfpGmjzifh . . .
]]a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;rSm 'Dvkddkif;pdkif;wJhol r&SdEdkifygbl;/ cifAsm;wdkY[m a&Smifvif*dkPf;om; tppf
rjzpfEdkifbl; / a&Smifvif*dkPf;om; ta,mifaqmifNyD; a&Smifvif*dkPf;ukd odum csaewJh *dkPf;om;twkyJ jzpf&r,f}}
[k ajymcsvdkuaf wmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u NyHK; . . .
]]usKyfu toufaowmudkawmif *krpdkufwJhvlyJ/ eHdk;oHk;acsmif;avmufawmh pum;xJxnfhrajymeJYawmh .
. . ]] [k ajymvdu
k fonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
538
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkvlu . . . ]] wpf . . . ESpf . . . }}

aemufwa,mufu kwfw&uf 0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]'DrSmoli,f . . . rif;ab;udk z,fvkdufyg/ olu ajymovkd wu,fvkyfwJhvlaemf . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; . . .
]]usKyfuvnf; wu,fajymNyDqdk wu,fvkyfwmygyJ/ usKyfEIwfu xGufNyD;wJhpum;wvHk;udk aMumufGHUvkdY
jyefkyfodrf;cJhw,fqdkwm wBudrfrSr&SdcJhbl;/ 'DaeYtxdayhgAsm . . . }} [k NyHK;&if; jyefajymvdkufonf/
Mum;rS0ifajymol\ pum;qHk;onfESifh toHus,fonfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;u kwfcsnf;vuf0g;apmif;ESifh
dkufcsawmhrnfudk vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh BudKwifodxm;onf/
xdkYaMumifh ol\twGif;tm;udk vufwGif;odkYa&muf&Sdvmatmif rodrom xkwfMunfhvdkufonf/
csufcsif;yif &if0 pl;&Semusifaom a0'emw&yfudk cHpm;vdkuf&NyD; rsufvHk;rsm;wGif Mu,fyGifhrsm;
ay:xGufvmawmh\/
ol\ twGif;tm;xkwfjcif;udk uref;uwef; &yfqdkif;vdkuf&awmhonf/
toHus,favmifvSonfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;u atmfvdkufonf/
]]oHk; . . .}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh b,fajcwvSrf;wufum nmvuf0g;jzifh dkufcsvdkufawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm toufIusyf
ouJhodkY cHpm;vkdu&f \/
xdkvuf0g;\tm;rSm jyif;xefvSojzifh rdru
d kd ydvmjcif;jzpfonf/
vihf[lcsHK;u ol\"m;udk kwfw&ufajrmuf vuf0g;vmrnfh vrf;aMumif;wnfhwnfhwGif axmifxm;
vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK; jyKvkyfvdkufonfhtuGufrSm ae&mtaetxm;ESifh tcsdeftq tvGefaumif;vSonf/
xdkvlu ol\vuf0g;ukd dkufxkwfvdkufonfESihf ol\vuf0g;onf &efol\"m;OD;udk dkufcsrdvsufom;
jzpfaeonfudk kwfjcnf; awGUvdkuf&awmhonf/
ol\vuf0g;udk kwfodrf;&ef vHk;0tcsdefr&Sdawmhacs/ wcsufrQ atmf[pfvkduf\/ ol\ vuf0g;url
"m;OD;udk azmufxGufoGm;cJhavNyD/
ol\ vufudk uref;uwef; jyefEIwf,lvdkufNyD; aemufodkY ckefqkwfvdkuf\/
onftuGufwGif ol\nmbufvufrSm tawmfuav; 'Pf&mjyif;xefoGm;\/
olu csufcsif; aemufqkwfNyD;onfESihf b,fvufjzihf cg;wGifcsdwfxm;aom "m;udkqGJxkwfum atmf[pf
ajymqdkvdkufonf/
]][if. . . rif;u odkif;ynmodyfaumif;wmudk;/ vufpowfawmh odkif;ynmbmrSrwwfwJh evydef;wkH;
wa,mufvdk ukyfaewmu oufouf[efaqmifaewmudk; . . . }}
trSefpifppf toHus,favmifvSonfhvlrSm a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;rsm;\ 'kwd,0gpOf odkif;orm;rsm;teuf
taumif;qHk; odkif;orm;wa,mufjzpfonf/
apmapmutuGufwGif vifh[lcsHK;onf rdrd\ vuf0g;a&mufEdkifrnfh ae&mudk BudKwifwGufqxm;NyD;
ae&mtwdtus "m;OD;jzifh axmufcHxm;cJhojzihf rdrd\vufudk jyefvnfkyfodrf;csdefyif r&awmhbJ
'Pf&mtjyif;txef &vdkuf&ayNyD/
xdkUaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;\ "m;odkif;ynmrSm ES,fES,f&& "m;odkif;ynmr[kwf/ tvGefxufjruf aumif;rGefaom
"m;odkif;ynmjzpfaMumif; odoGm;jcif;jzpfawmh\/
usefESpfa,mufrSmvnf; "m;odkif;tqifhjrifhrm;olrsm;jzpf vihf[lcsHK; ckcHonfhtuGufudk aumif;pGmMunfh
jrifMuonf/
xkdvlu "m;ukdqGJxkwfvsuf vihf[lcsHK;tm; a'gowBuD; atmf[pfBudrf;armif;aeaomfvnf; vifh[lcsHK;ukd
txifrao;&Jawmhacs/
ayhgqr&aMumif; aumif;pGmodxm;Muawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
539
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a>rayG;? a>ra[mufwdkYrSm taumifi,fuav;rsm;yif jzpfaomfvnf; vludkudkufvdkufygu wHk;ceJ aoapEdkif

ouJhodkY tm;tifukefcef;aeyHkayguf toufi,fG,fyHk&aom vli,frSmvnf; olwdkYoHk;a,muftm;
aumif;aumif; 'kuay;Edkifonfukd &dyfrdvmMuawmh\/
xdkvlu oHk;csufwdkufcdkufonf/ oHk;csufpvHk; [efjywdkufuGuf oufoufrsm;omjzpfonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vGefcJhaomwnu bk&m;ausmif;a[mif;BuD;xJ odkif;orm;q,fhig;a,mufESifh wdkufcdkufpOfu
twGif;tm;vHk;0r&SdbJESihf wdkufcdkufcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf ,cktcsdefuJhodkY ol\ukd,fwGif;rS twGif;tm;vdIif;rsm;u 'kutBuD;tus,f ray;Muao;ay/
xdkYaMumifh onfwBudrfwGif vufxJrS"m; vGwfrusoGm;ap&efukdyif tm;wif; BudK;pm;ae&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]'DrSm . . . usKyfwck awmif;yefygw,f/ cifAsm;wdkY oHk;a,mufeJYusKyfu &efNidK;&efpvnf; &Sdwmr[kwfygbl;/
cifAsm;wdkYudk apmfum;armfum; vkyfcsifwJhpdwfvnf; usKyfrSmr&Sdygbl;/ cifAsm;wdkY jyefoGm;MuygvdkY
usKyfawmif;yefygw,f . . . }}
xdkpOf xkdvlu kwfw&uf vifh[lcsHK;\vnfrsdKudk xdk;pdkufvdkufawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;url xdkol\ cEmudk,fwcsufvIyf&Sm;onfESifh rnfonfhae&modkY xdkol\"m;OD; a&mufvmrnfukd
BudKodaeonf/
xkdYaMumifh ol\vufrS"m;udk vrf;w0ufrS kwfw&uf axmufcsdefvdkuf\/
"m;OD;onf xdkvl\ vufaumuf0wf ]'kwf] ceJ xdk;pdkufoGm;avawmh\/ xdkvlonf "m;udk
qkwfudkifjcif;iSm rpGrf;omawmhbJ vTwfcsvdkuf&awmh\/ xdkvlrSm r,HkMunfEdkifvSpGmaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh
ol\vufaumuf0wfrS wpufpufusaeaom aoG;aygufrsm;udk ai;aMumifMunfhaerdawmh\/
xkdYaemuf csufcsif;yif aemufodkYckefqkwfoGm;um vmvrf;twdkif; ajy;xGufomG ;avawmh\/
aemufwa,mufu . . .
]] rif;u wu,fyJ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;vm; . . . }} [k ar;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm ,drf;xkd;aeawmh\/ vJusvk vJusvk jzpfae&mrS tm;wif; ajzvdkufonf/
]][kwf . . . [kwfw,f . . . }}
xdkvlonf wdwdususr[kwfaomfvnf; vifh[lcsHK;\ tajctaerSm twGif;'Pf&m&xm;aMumif;
&dyfrdoGm;\/ rdrdom aemufxyf tenf;i,fapmifhvdkufvQif onfvli,fonf olYtvdktavsmufyif
NydKvJusoGm;rnfrSm aocsmvSawmhonf/
xdktcg onfvli,fonf rdrdtm; rnfodkYrQ ckcHumuG,fEdkifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ vG,fvG,fululyif tEdkif,l
vdkufHkom &Sdawmh\/
olu NyHK;a&SUodkY wvSrf;wufvmum . . .
]]rif;&Jh "m;odkif;uawmh aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf xkdvl\ ukd,ftrlt&mESifh tajymtqdkrsm;ukd MunfhonfESihf xdkvl\pdwf"mwfukd
aumif;pGmcefUrSef;rdonf/
xdkvlonf a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;ESpfa,mufxuf ydkrdkaumufuspfojl zpf\/
xdkYaMumifh xdkvl\&efrS umuG,f&ef rdrd\"m;udkajrmuf&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; vHk;0rajrmufEdkifatmif
jzpf&awmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;\ aemufqHk;tajctaeudk cGef;vGef*dkPf;rSvlonf csufcsif;od&SdoGm;NyD; csufcsif;ckef0if
vihf[lcsHK;\&ifbwfukd dkufcsvdkufawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfodkYrQ ra&Smifwdrf;Edkifacs/
tdkufcHvdkuf&onfESifh ]a0g} ceJ aoG;rsm;xdk;tefvdkufawmh\/
xdkaoG;rsm;rSm cGef;vGef*dkPf;om;\ rsufESmodkY ayusHoGm;awmh\/
xdkolonf rsufESm aoG;rsm;ayusHaeonfukd vHk;0*krpdkufbJ vifh[lcsHK;tm; ZD0defjywfoGm;onftxd
yGJodrf;xyfrHdkuf&ef vifh[lcsHK;vJus&modkY ckef0ifvmvsuf vufudkajrmufvdkuf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
540
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf olajrmufvdkufonfhvuf atmufodkY jyefrusrDyif tkyfBudK;jywf vJusoGm;awmh\/

vifh[lcsHK;u xdktjzpfukdMunfh wtHhwMojzpfaeawmh\/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh olYaoG;rsm;onf dk;dk;omref
aoG;rsm; r[kwfawmhay/
a'0D*dkPf;csKyf vefzkef;zkef;\ xl;qef;aomt&ufrsm;udk aomufcJhojzifh olYaoG;wGif tqdyfrsm; a&maESm
yg0ifaeNyDjzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh tqdyfaoG;rsm;u cGef;vGef*dkPf;om;\ rsufESmudk xdoGm;aomtcg xdkvl csufcsif;vJusoGm;
cJh&jcif; jzpfawmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif tkPfwufvmawmh\/ tkPfOD;\ aea&mifjcnfatmuf xdkvl\rsufESmrSm wjznf;jznf;
trnf;a&mif orf;vmawmh\/ olYwudk,fvHk;vnf; wqwfqwf wkefaeawmhonf/
]]bGm;bGm;. . . wJxJ0ifr,fhvlawGawmh &Sif;oGm;ygNyD . . . }}
bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]ightwGuf bmrSpdwfryleJY/ rif;omxdkifNyD; tem;,lvdkufyg/ rif;tdkufcHvdkuf&wJh 'Pfcsufuvnf;
odyfao;wmr[kwfbl; . . . }}
rMumrDyif BudK;wyfwl&d,m wD;cwfoHukd pwifMum;vdkuf&awmh\/ xkdaw;oGm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg
vifh[lcsHK;wudk,fvHk; avxJwGif vGifharsmaeouJhokYd xifrSwfae&awmhonf/ twefMumrS wD;cwfoH
&yfoGm;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;vnf; tawmfav; aevdkYxdkifvkdYaumif;oGm;onf/ bGm;bGm;\ *DwpGrf;tm;um;
xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSaypG/
vifh[lcsHK;onf rwfwyf&yf tdktaoay;vku
d fonf/
]]bGm;bGm;&JYvufoHu
wu,ftpGrf;xufwmyJ/
uGsefawmhf'Pf&muawmh
ododomomudk
oufomoGm;w,f/ uGsefawmhftwGuf trsm;BuD;tusdK;&Sdygw,f/ aus;Zl;wifygw,fbGm;bGm;}}
]]rif;u igh&Jhtoufudk umuG,fay;wJhtwGufvnf; igurif;ukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f . . . }}
]]'gawmhuRefawmhfwm0efyJ/ uRefawmfrS rumuG,f? b,folumuG,frSmvJ . . . }}
twefMumNidro
f ufaeNyD;aemuf bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]rif;tck b,foGm;rvJ . . .}}
bGm;bGm;\ tar;pum;udk Mum;vdu
k f&aomtcg vifh[lcsHK;rSm &ifqdkYoGm;awmh\/
rQus,fajymvSaom avmuBuD;twGif; vihf[lcsHK;tzdkY oGm;p&majrr&SdawmhonfrmS
trSefyif
jzpfaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;onf awGa0ai;armae&mrS . . .
]]uRefawmfhtzdkY b,fudkrS oGm;p&mr&Sdawmhygbl; . . .}}
]]rif;u rif;&Jh q&meJY q&mrudk oGm;r&Smawmhbl;vm; . . .}}
]]olwdkYvm; . . . olwdkY b,fa&mufaerSef;awmif rodawmhygbl;/ uGsefawmhfrSm 'Davmuf 'Pf&m
tjyif;txef &xm;awmh olwdkYukd b,fvdkuf&SmEdkifawmhrvJ? awGUvnf; . . . [if; . . .}}
olYpdwfxJwGif qufajymvdkufrdonfrSm . . .
]]awGUvnf; olwdkYu vufcHawmhrSm r[kwfygbl; . . .}} [lom jzpf\/
]][kwfw,f/ rif;'Pf&mawGuvnf; rao;bl;/ 'Dawmh awmawmif pdrfhprf;awGMum; avQmufoGm;NyD; rif;&Jh
ukd,fa&mpdwfa&m tem;,lvdkufygvm;/ tJh'Dvkd tem;,lvdkuf&if rif;&JYcEmudk,fu 'Pf&mvnf; oufomoGm;
r,f/ &ifxJrSm cHpm;ae&wJh ylaqG;aomuawGvnf; Nidrf;at;oGm;r,f . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f . . .
]]bGm;bGm;ajymwm [kwfw,f/ uGsefawmfraocifrSm tm;&yg;& aysmfypfr,f/ awmawmif? pdrfhprf;awGMum;
avQmufvnfr,f/ aemufNyD;rS aor,f . . . }} [k tm;&yg;& ajymvdkufawmh\/
ajym&if;qdk&if; vifh[lcsHK;onf vSnfhxGufomG ;awmh\/ odkYaomf bGm;bGm;u . . .
]] rif;oGm;awmhrvdkYvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u orifvnfjyefvSnfhMunfh&if; . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
541
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][kwfw,fav bGm;bGm; / oGm;r,f / bGm;bGm;pum;twdkif; awmawG? awmifawGMum; avQmufoGm;r,f .

. . }} [k jyefajymvdkuf\/
bGm;bGm;u
]]rif;&Jh'Pf&m 'Davmufjyif;xefaewJh Opm? apmifha&Smufr,fhol wa,mufawmh ygrSaygh/ EdkYrdkY&if vrf;c&D;rSm
'kua&mufae&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf bGm;bGm;\ avoH rdrdtwGuf tvGefpdk;&drfylyefaom t&dyftaiGUrsm; ygaeaMumif;
od&Sd&ojzifh rsuf&nfrsm;yif 0Jvmawmhonf/
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f bGm;bGm;/ uRefawmhf'Pf&mu vrf;qHk;aeygNyD/ ukovkdY raysmufEdkifawmhygbl;/
b,ftcsdefaoao? b,fae&mrSmaoao rxl;jcm;awmhygbl; . . . }}
]]tif; . . . 'gayr,fh . . . }}
olronf xdkpum;ajymNyD; twefMumonftxd Nidrfoufaeao;onf/ NyD;rS . . .
]]'gayr,fh rif;xGufoGm;wkef;rSm [kda&Smifvif*kdPf;u vlESpfa,muf jyefa&mufvm&if b,fhES,fvkyfrvJ/ 'D .
. . cGef;vGef*dkPf;u vluvnf; cParhaewm/ awmfMum olowd&vmvQif b,fvdkvkyf&rvJ/ olwdkYu
ighudkxyfNyD; 'kuay;OD;rSmbJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u acwpOf;pm;NyD; bGm;bGm;ukd jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]'Dvdkvkyfygvm;/ bGm;bGm; b,foGm;p&m&Sdv/J bGm;bGm;udk c&D;waxmufa&mufatmif uRefawmf
vdkufydkYay;r,f . . . }}
]]rif;&JYpdwful;uawmh aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh rif;ukdxyfNyD; 'kuay;ovdk jzpfrSmpdk;w,f . . . }}
]][m . . . bGm;bGm;uvnf; pdk;&drfp&mr&Sdygbl;/ bGm;bGm;twGufqdk&if onfhxufruawmif
'kucHEdkifao;w,f . . .}}
bGm;bGm;xHrS oufjyif;csoH Mum;vdkuf&NyD;onfESifh . . .
]]ighrSm &efolawmfBuD; wa,muf&Sdw,f/ oluawmh &efNrdKUu 0g;Hkawmtxd vdkufvmwmeJY igvnf;
'DvdkxGufajy;vm&wm/ ighajc&mudkaumufNyD; 'Dudkvnf; rMumcifvdkufvmrSmbJvdkY igxifaew,f/ tckrif;u
'Pf&m&aewJhvlqdkawmh oleJYwdkufcdkufzdkY rjzpfjyefbl; . . . }}
bGm;bGm;\ pum;oH acwjywfoGm;onf/ pOf;pm;ae[efwlonf/ bGm;bGm;u qufajym\/
]]ightBuHuawmh vlolr&SdwJhae&mwckrSm cPa&Smifae&if aumif;r,fvkdYxifrdwmyJ/ rif;'Pf&mudkvnf;
ukovdkY &wmayhg/ 'gayr,fh rif;uvli,f? igutbGm;BuD; ? vrf;c&D;rSm rif;ysif;aerSmawmh taotcsmyJ . . .}}
vihf[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f . . .
]]uRefawmfu b,favmufBuD;wJh tcuftcJrsm;vJvdkY/ 'Davmufuav;uawmh &,fp&mawmif aumif;aeyg
ao;w,f/ bGm;bGm; b,foGm;rvJ ajymyg/ uRefawmf ra&mufa&mufatmif ydkYyghr,f/ urmajrqHk;wJhtxd
oGm;r,fqdk&ifawmif rysif;r&deJY uRefawmfvdkufydkYyghr,f . . . }} [k vIdufvSJpGm ajymvdkufawmh\/
bGm;bGm;u tm;&0rf;omavoHjzifh . . .
]]wu,fajymwmvm; . . . }} [k ar;vdkuf\/
]]wu,fayhg bGm;bGm;&Jh . . . }}
]]at; . . . aumif;NyD/ 'gayr,hf aemufwck&aSd o;w,f . . . }}
]]ajymygbGm;bGm; / bmrsm;vJ . . . }}
]]'Dvdkyg . . . ighkyf&nfu odyfqdk;w,f/ b,folawGUawGU aMumufoGm;rSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh ighrsufESmudk
rif;rMunfhapcsifbl;/ 'gaMumifh rif;ighudk uwdwckay;&r,f/ b,fvdktajctaersdK; a&mufa&muf rif;
ighrsufESmudk rMunhf&bl;/ ukefukefajymvdkufr,f/ igh&Jh ajcvufudkawmif rMunfh&bl; . . . }}
]]uRefawmfu bGm;bGm;udk dkaoav;pm;aewJhvlyg/ bGm;bGm;&JY kyf&nfb,favmufqdk;qdk; uRefawmhftwGuf
bmrSrxl;jcm;ygbl; / uRefawmfMunhfvYdk ta&;rBuD;ygbl; . . . }}
]]igajymwm oabmrwl&if rif;bmomrif; oGm;ayawmh }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
542
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;u uref;uwef;jzifh . . .
]]aumif;ygNyD/ aumif;ygNyD/ uRefawmf oabmwlygw,f/ uRefawmfbGm;bGm;udk rMunfhygbl;}} [k 0efcH
uwday;vdkufonf/
]]aumif;NyD/ rif;&JUpum;ukd aumif;aumif;rSwfxm;aemf/ uJ . . . rif;a&SUuavQmuf/ igaemufu
vdkufvmcJhr,f . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;onf a&SUrS avQmufxGufoGm;awmh\/ olYaemufrS bGm;bGm;\ajcoHukd Mum;vdkuf&\/ twefMum
avQmufrdaomtcg bGm;bGm;u aemufbufrS opfudkif;wacsmif; xdk;ay;&if; . . .
]]a&mh . . . opfudkif;eJY axmufNyD;avQmuf . . . }} [k ajymvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf xkdopfudkif;udk vSrf;,lvdkufNyD; bGm;bGm;\ trdefYtwdkif;avQmufonf/ vrf;avQmuf
tawmfaumif;awmhonf/
xdkpOf bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . rif;apmapmwkef;u [dka&Smifvif*dkPf;uvl&JY vufudkxdk;vdkufwJh "m;uGufu odyfaumif;
wmyJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u oufjyif;wcsufcs&if; . . .
]][if; . . . uRefawmfu rwwfEdkifvdkY xdk;vdkuf&wmyg/ wu,fawmh rxdk;csifygbl; / 'Dwcgawmh
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;eJY &efNidK;zGJUvdkuf&wmygyJ . . . }}
]][if; . . . a&Smifvif*P
dk f;uaum bmrdkYvdkYvJ/ bmjzpfvdkY igwdkYu olwdkYukd aMumuf&rSmvJ/ igtHhMowmu
[dkcGef;vGef;*dkPf;uvludkyJ/ 'Dvlu rif;ukd vuf0g;apmif;dkufvdrfhr,fvYdk igvHk;0 rxifcJhbl; . . . }}
]]aMomf. . . bGm;bGm; tm;vHk;jrifvdkuw
f mudk;/ bGm;bGm;udk wckar;&tHk;r,f/ [dkcGef;vGef*dkPf;u vlu
bmjzpfvkdY kwfw&ufarhvJ oGm;&wmvJ . . . }}
bGm;bGm;\ avoH tenf;i,frmvmNyD; . . .
]]rif;rodbl;vm;/ rif;&JhaoG;xJrSm [dktqdyf*dkPf;&JY tqdyfawG&Sdaew,f/ [dkaumifr vefzkef;zkef;u
rif;udkwdkufvkdufwJh t&ufaMumifhyg/ [dkcGef;vGef*dkPf;uvl&JY yg;pyfxJudk rif;&JYaoG; enf;enf;0ifoGm;awmh 'Dvl
b,fcHEdkifawmhrvJ . . . }} [k ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdktcgusrS &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; oabmaygufoGm;onf/ odkYaomf olu . . .
]]uGsefawmhfusawmh bmrSrjzpfygvm;/ a'0D*dkPf;csKyf vefzkef;zkef;eJY uGsefawmfuvnf; wcgrS awGUzl;?
qHkzl;wm r[kwfbl;/ oleJY bm&efNidK;&efprSm &Sdwmr[kwfbl;/ olu bmjzpfvdkY uRefawmhfudk vkyfBuH&wmvJ . . .}}
bGm;bGm;u rauseyfaom avoHjzifh . . .
]]b,folu ajymovJ? rif;ukd vkyfBuHwmvdkY/ olu rif;udk vkyfBuHcsifwm r[kwfbl;/ aumif;vGef;aewm?
olu rif;&JY'Pf&mudkawmif aysmufatmif ukcsifaewm/ rif;&JYaoG;xJrSm tqdyfjzpfaevsufom;eJY rif;ukd bmrS
xdxdcdkufcdkuf ab;tE&m,fray;wmu olwdkY&JU vufqGJynm wckyJaygh . . . }} [k ajymMum;vdkufonf/
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]]tJh'gukdbJ uGsefawmfpOf;pm;aewm/ tJh'Dwkef;u uGsefawmhfukd 'kuay;csifwJh trlt&mrsdK; vefzkef;zkef;rSm
r&Sdygbl;vkdY . . . }}
bGm;bGm;u rauseyfaom avoHjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]olu rif;ukd b,fvkdvkyf vkyfBuHrSmvJ/ olu rif;tay: aumif;csifvGef;vdYak wmif cufaeao;wm . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf bGm;bGm;\ avoHukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg NyHK;vdkufrdonf/ twefMumavQmufrdaomtcg
bGm;bGm;pum;oHukd Mum;vdkuf&\/
]]rif;vuf0g; jzefYvdkufprf; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf vuf0g;ukd jzefYjyay;vdkufonf/ xdktcg vuf0g;ay:odkY wpHkwck usa&mufvmawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u aoaocsmcsm Munfhvdkufaomtcg aq;vHk;av;wvHk; jzpfae\/
bGm;bGm;u . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
543
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Daq;vHk;ukdaomufNyD; [kdopfyifatmufrSm tem;,lvdkuf/ 'grS ododomom oufomvmrSm . . . }}

vifh[lcsHK;onf aq;vHk;ukd yg;pyfxJodkY ypfxnfhvdkufNyD; rsdKcsvdkuf\/
bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]igu rif;&JY"m;odkif;udk tm;udk;&rSmrdkY rif;&JYtoufudk &Snfatmifvkyfay;aewm/ rif; kwfw&uf aooGm;
vdkYawmh rjzpfao;bl;/ rif;tay:rSm pdwfaumif;&SdvGef;vdkY 'Daq;ay;aewm r[kwfbl;/ tJ'gudk NrJNrJrSwfxm;/
igajymwm Mum;&JYvm; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]][kwfuJh . . . }} [k qdkum opfyifwyifatmufwGif 0ifxdkifvkdufawmh\/ xdkw'*F twGif;
olYwudk,fvHk; &Sdef;zdef;ylvmNyD; tm;tifrsm; jynfhNzdK;vmouJhodkY xifrSwfvm&awmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]bGm;bGm;u wu,f&,fp&maumif;wmyJ / 'Daq;vHk; ighudkay;wm apwemeJYay;wm igodaewmyJ/ olu
bmjzpfvkdY awmifawmiftDtDawG avQmufajymNyD; 0efrcHcsif jzpfae&wmvJ/ ighvufxJukd olYaq;vHk; ypfay;wkef;
u aq;vHk;usvmyHku NidrfaewmyJ/ vuf0g;ay:usawmhvnf; vIyfawmifrvIyfbl;/ olYrSm tifrweftqifhjrifhwJh
twGif;tm;odki;f &Sdw,fqdkwm jyaewmyJ/ 'DvdktwGif;tm;rsdK; &Sdvsufom;eJY ighukd bmjzpfvdkY apmifha&Smufckdif;
&wmvJ/ tif;av . . . toufBuD;wJhval wGu 'DvkdyJ jzpfwwfwmyJ/ ightaeeJYawmh olpdwfcsrf;omatmif
ae&rSmyJ . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK; tem;,laeonfrSm tcsdeftwefMumoGm;NyDjzpf rwfwyf&yfvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u
bGm;bGm;tm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]bGm;bGm; . . . uRefawmfwkdY oGm;MupdkY/ bGm;bGm;aum armaeao;vm; . . . }}
]]at; . . . igvnf;enf;enf;yifyef;NyD; armaeao;w,f/ ighukdapmifh&if; rif;vnf; cPxyfNyD;
em;vdkufygtHk; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;onf jyefxdkifvdkufawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]bGm;bGm;&Jh odkif;ynmu wu,faumif;&Jhom;eJY . . . armaeao;w,fwJh/ bmt"dym,fvnf; rodbl;/
at;av . . . olem;csifw,fqkdvnf; em;vdkufHkayhg . . . }}
twefMumrS bGm;bGm;u . . . ]]uJ . . . oGm;MupdkY . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u a&SUrSOD;aqmif xGufoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;tzdkY bGm;bGm;\ aq;wefcdk;aMumifh
tm;tifjynfhvmum ajcvSrf;vnf; oGufvmonf/ olu bGm;bGm; nTefMum;xm;onfh twdkif; awmeuf
BuD;twGif;odkY wjznf;jznf;wdk;0ifvmcJhonf/
twefMumavQmufvmrdrS csdKifh0Srf;BuD;wckodkY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/
xdktcdkuf olwdkY\ ta&SUbuftauGUrS vlwpk\toHukd pwifMum;vdu
k f&awmhonf/
vlwa,mufu . . .
]]igwdkY 'Dae&mu tjrefqHk;xGufoGm;rS jzpfr,f . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf opfyifcsHKEG,f tuG,fwckrS ajcmif;Munfhvdkufaomtcg vlq,fa,mufcefY 0dkif;0ef;
pm;aomufaeonfukd awGU&\/ vifh[lcsHK;wdkY a&SUqufavQmufvmMuaomtcg ajcoHMum;oGm;NyD; vSnfhMunfh
vdkuf\/
tcsdKUu . . . ]] [m . . . q&mav; vifh[lcsHK;ygvm; . . . }}
vlrsm;um; [l;yg;awmifukef;xdyfodkY a&mufvmcJhMuonfh vlrsm;yifjzpfawmh\/
onfvlpkonf olwdkY\XmeodkY rjyefMuao;bJ ae&m at;at;aq;aq; vma&muf tem;,laeMu[ef
wl\/
vifh[lcsHK;u xdkolrsm;tm; jyefvnfEIwfquf&ef [efjyifvkdufpOfrSmyif xdkoltm;vHk; kwfw&uf
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;onfukd awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm kwfw&uf rnfodkYrQ em;vnf oabmaygufEdkifpGrf; r&SdbJ jzpfae&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
544
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdoltm;vHk;rSm vifh[lcsHK;\ aemufbufoYdk rsufvHk;jyL;? rsufqefjyL;jzifh MunfhaeMuonfudk awGUae&\/

xdkvlrsm;\ trlt&mrsm;onf tvGefw&m xl;qef;aeonf/
olwdkY\ rsufESmrsm; tonf;tlwkefrQrwwf aMumufvefYzG,f&m aumif;vSonfh raumif;qdk;0g;BuD;
waumifukd awGUvdkuf&ojzifh xdwfvefYacsmufcsm; aeouJhodkYaom trlt&mrsdK; ay:aeMuonf/
olwdkYjrifae&onfh t&mudkrajymESifh? olwdkY\rsufESmudk jrifvdkuf&onfESihfyif jrifoltm; taMumuf"mwf
ul;oGm;Edkifayawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onfvnf; ausmcsrf;oGm;ouJhodkY cHpm;vdkuf&NyD; aemufodkYvSnfhMunfhcsifpdwfrsm; xdef;rEdkif?
odrf;r&avmufatmif jzpfay:vmawmhonf/
rdrd\taemufbufwGif rnfonfht&m&Sd olrsm; tb,fhaMumifh odkY ausmufkyfrsm;uJhodkY
jzpfoGm;Mu&oenf;/
okdYaomf
vifh[lcsHK; vSnfhrMunfhjzpfacs/ olYbGm;bGm;\ uwdudk owd&vdkufaomaMumifhjzpfonf/
olYpdwfxJwGifrl tvGefw&m tHhMoaeawmh\/
]]olwdkYawGUwm ighaemufu bGm;bGm;udkbJ jzpf&r,f/ bGm;bGm;ukdawGUwmeJY b,fhES,f'Dvdk jzpfukef&wmvJ/
bGm;bGm;&Jhkyu
f wu,fyJ aMumufp&m aumif;aevdkYvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK; awG;aeawmhonf/
________
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
545
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&xJrS t&dyf
rsm;rMumrD tcsdeftwGif;rSmyif olwdkYtm;vHk; 'l;axmuf ajrBuD;ay:wGif rsufESmrsm;udk arSmufcsum
wudk,fvHk; wkefwkef,if,if jzpfaeMuonfukd vifh[lcsHK; awGU&Sdae&awmhonf/ vihf[lcsHK;taejzifh rnfodkYrQ
em;rvnfEdkifawmh/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]bGm;bGm; . . . 'DvlawG b,fvkdjzpfaeMuwmvJ/ bmudk olwdkYaMumufaeMuwmvJ . . . }}
xdkpOf bGm;bGm;\ wif;rmaom avoHukd Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ vihf[lcsHK;yif xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
bGm;bGm;u . . . ]]rif;wdkYtm;vHk; . . . ukd,fhtjypfukd,f odMuw,f r[kwfvm;/ aumif;NyD? igwcGef;yJ
ajymvdkufr,f/ rif;wdkYtm;vHk; odkif;avmuxJ jyefr0ifMueJYawmh/ ukd,fhbmom vlolr&SdwJh ae&mrSmom
&SmBuHNyD;aeMuawmh/ tm;vHk;Mum;Mu&Jhvm; . . . }}
xdkoltm;vHk;\ aMumufGHUaeaom rsufESmrsm;0,f 0rf;omrIaMumifh 0if;vufonfh trlt&mrsm; ay:vmMu
awmh\/ olwdkYtm;vH;k NydKifwl uwdjyKvkdufMuonf/
]][kwfuJh . . . [kwfuJh . . . }}
xdkpum;qHk;onfESifh tm;vHk; aemufbufoYv
dk Snfhum ajy;Muawmh\/ tenf;i,frQyif aemufbufodkY
jyefvnfapmif;iJhMunfhjcif; r&SdMuawmhay/ 'a&maomyg; ajy;xGufoGm;Mujcif;jzpf xdkoltm;vHk; jrifuGif;xJrS
csufcsif;aysmufuG,foGm;awmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSmrl &ifwxdwfxdwfESifh awG;aerdonf/
]]bGm;bGm;u odkif;avmuxJ jyefr0if&bl;vdkY wcGef;xJajymvdkufwmudk olwdkY wu,fem;axmif
Muyguvm;/ olwdkY&JU trlt&mudkMunfh&wm bGm;bGm;u olwdkYukd rowfvdkufwmbJ olwdkYuHaumif;vSNyDvkdY
xifaeMuyHky/J olwdkYrsufESmawGrSm odyf0rf;omoGm;MuyHkvnf; &w,f/ tif; . . . w,fvnf; xl;qef;vSyguvm;
. . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf bGm;bGm;udk rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ a&SUodkYom qufavQmufawmhonf/ ckepfrdkifcefY
avQmufrdMuaomtcg olwdkYaemufbufrS vlwa,muf\ atmfoHukdMum;vdu
k fMu&awmh\/
]]ta&SUuavQmufaewm vihf[lcsHK;bJ . . . }}
xdktoHrSm tvGefus,favmifvSonf/ vifh[lcsHK;onf toHukd Mum;vdkuf&onfESihf csufcsif;odoGm;
awmhonf/ [l;yg;awmifukef;xdyf 'Pf&m&oGm;aom a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;aywnf;/
bGm;bGm;u . . . ]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . igolwdkYeJY rawGUcsifbl;/ 'Dawmh rif;yJ olwdkYeJUawGUNyD; Munfh&Sif;vdkuf
ayawmh . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . . ]][kwfuJh bGm;bGm;/ uRefawmfMunfh&Sif;vdkufyghr,f/ bGm;bGm;om a&Smifaeayawmh . . . }}
opfyifcsHKzkwfrsm; vIyf&Sm;oGm;oHukd Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh bGm;bGm;wa,muf csHKuG,frsm;twGif;odkY 0ifa&muf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
546
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ykef;vQdK;aevdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsHK; odvkdufrd\/ olurl aemufbufoYv

dk Snhf toHMum;&mbufodkY
rsufESmrl &ifqdkifvkdufawmh\/
xdkpOf toHus,favmifvSonfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;\ toHukd xyfrHMum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]]OD;av; . . . aumif;aumif;rDygw,f/ vifh[lcsHK;qkdwJhaumifu 'Pf&m&aewm/ olb,fvdkrS jrefjref
ravQmufEdkifbl; }}
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif av;av;eufeufjzpfoGm;rdawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]vufpowfawmh 'Da&Smifvif*dkPf;om;ESpfa,mufu olwdkYq&m&JhnD olwdkYOD;av;udk ac:vmMuwmyg
uvm;/ 'DyHkqdk&ifawmh ightzdkY odyfrvG,fawmhb;l / tif;av . . . rvG,fvnf; bmjzpf&rSmvJ/ aemufqHk;
aoHktjyif bmrSr&Sdygbl;}} [k awG;awmaerdvdkuf\/
vihf[lcsHK;onf at;at;aq;aq;yif xdkawmvrf;c&D;xdkif &efolrsm;tm; apmifhqdkif;aeawmh\/
twefMumaomtcg ajcoHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&NyD; vlav;a,muf taomhESifvmMuonfudk awGU&awmh\/
ESpfa,mufrSm bkef;BuD;ESpfyg;jzpf usefESpfa,mufrSm omreft&yfol? t&yfom; t0wftpm;ESifh jzpfonf/
toHus,favmifvSonfh a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;ESihf olYtazmfrSm aemufbufrS avQmufvmae\/ bkef;BuD;
ESpfyg;teuf wyg;rSm toufav;q,fausmfcefY&SdNyD; usefwyg;rSm oufawmf tawmfBuD;onf/ yg;a&em;a&rsm;
yif wGefUaeayNyD/
xdyfwdkuf &ifqdkifawGUMuaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;u dkusdK;pGmOD;nGwfvdkufNyD; . . .
]]q&mawmfwdkYukd wynfhawmf vifh[lcsHK;u *g&0jyKygw,fbk&m; . . . }} [k avQmufxm;vkduf\/
xdktcg oufawmfBuD;aom bkef;awmfBuD;u . . . ]]bkef;BuD;uawmh zefqef;yg . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;aMumifh 'Pf&m&oGm;aom a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;ESpfa,mufurl vifh[lcsHK;ukd rauseyfaom
tMunfhrsm;jzifh
MunfhaeMuawmh\/
bkef;awmfBuD;zefqef;url vihf[lcsHK;\ dkaoESdrfhcsaom trlt&mudkawGU&aomtcg csdKompGmar;vdkuo
f nf/
]]rif;&Jhq&m &ufykcRefaum aeaumif;xdkifom&Sd&JUvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tpyxr a&Smifvifbkef;BuD;ausmif;rS ppfulrsm; vdkufvmonfukd awGU&onfESifh
&ifwrrjzpfaecJh&\/
odkYaomf ,ckvdkufvmaom zef;qef;bkef;awmfBuD;rSm trSefwu,f w&m;jynfh0aom yk*dKvfBuD;udk
awGU&Sdvkduf&ojzifh &ifxJ at;csrf;oGm;awmhonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;\ ukd,ftrlt&m? EIwftrlt&mrsm;rSm vGefpGm El;nHhaysmhaysmif;vS&um; vifh[lcsHK;rSm
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;ESihf &efNidK;&SdcJhonfudkyif arhavsmhoGm;avawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;u dkdkaoao jyefavQmufxm;onf/
]]wynfhawmf&Jhq&m aeaumif;xdkifom &Sdygw,fbk&m;/ q&mawmfBuD;ukd aus;Zl;wifygw,f . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD; zefqef;u . . . ]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . olwdkYawG[m igh&Jh*dkPf;wl wlav;awGbJ/ 'Dbufu
udk,fawmfu ]bkef;BuD;<u,f&uf}? olu ]&Daumh}? oluawmh ]&Sif;aumh} yJ . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u bkef;BuD;<u,f&ufbufodkYvSnfh . . .
]]rSefyg? wynfhawmfu 'Pf&mtjyif;txef &xm;wJholyg bk&m;/ q&mawmfBuD; zefqef;udk *g&0jyKNyD;
bkef;awmfBuD; <u,f&ufudk *g&0rjyKcJhrdwJhtwGuf cGifhvTwfygbk&m; . . . }}
toHus,favmifvSonfh &daumhu . . . ]] [if . . . rif;rSm 'Pf&mBuD;&xm;w,f? [kwfvm; . . . }}
q&mawmfBuD;zefqef;uvnf; . . .
]][kwfvm; . . . rif;'Pf&m&xm;ovm;/ &daumh rif;olYudkdkufvdkufwmvm; . . . }} [k ar;vdkufawmh\/
]]'gu txifvGJvdkY jzpfMuwmyg/ udpr&Sdygbl;/ &daumhu wynfhawmfukd vuf0g;apmif;twGif;tm;eJY
aqmifhwGef;vdkuw
f ,f/ aemufNyD; wcsufdkufvdkufw,f/ wynfhawmfuHaumif;vkdY touf&Sifaewmyg
q&mawmfBuD; bk&m; . . . &daumhudk tjypfrwifzkdY wynfhawmf avQmufxm;awmif;yefygw,f . . . }}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
547
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;u ,cifuwnf;u rdrd&&Sdxm;onfh'Pf&mudk &daumhaMumifhvdkvdk jzpfoGm;atmif ajymvdkufonf/

xdkodkYajymrSom q&mawmfBuD;zef;qef;u rdrdukd cGifhvTwfayvdrfhrnf/
xdktcg &daumhu . . .
]]rif; . . . rif; . . . vnfqnfNyD; bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ/ rif;bmomrif; e*dkuwnf;u
'Pf&m&xm;wJOh pm/ igeJY bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . }}
um;vihf[lcsHK; apmifharQmfaeonfh tuGufaywnf;/ xkdpum;udkMum;vdkufonfESifh vifh[lcsHK;u
oufjyif;&SnfBuD;csvdkufNyD; . . .
]]aemifBuD; &daumh . . . tJ'Dtcsufudk b,folrS avQmufajymraeygeJYawmh/ wu,fvdkY 'Dowif;om
tjyifxGufoGm;&if a&Smifvifbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;&Jh *kPfodumukd trsm;BuD;xdcdkufEdkifygw,f . . . }}
onfpum;ukd Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg usefvltm;vHk; acgif;ndwMf uawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;ajymonfh
pum;t"dym,fudkvnf; em;vnfoabmaygufMuonf/
vihf[lcsHK; 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm &xm;rSef;odvsufESihf &daumhu vuf0g;apmif;jzifh dkufonf[lonfh
owif;onf a&Smifvif*dkPf;\ *kPfodumudk tb,frmS vQif rusbJ aeapvdrfhrnfenf;/
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;rSm odkif;avmu tvGefw&mpnf;urf;wif;usyfaom *dkPf;jzpf\/ &daumhudk ao'Pfray;
onfhwdkif ol\odik f;ynmrsm;ukd y,fzsufNyD; bk&m;ausmif;rS armif;xkwfvdkufrnfrSm aocsmvSawmh\/
&daumhonf xkdtcsufudk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg csufcsif;yif rsufESm aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfoGm;awmh\/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u . . .
]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . rif;ighem;udk vmcJhprf;/ igrif;&Jh 'Pf&mudk prf;Munfhr,f . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf ol\vufudk q&mawmfBuD;xHodkY xdk;ay;vkdufonf/ onfwcsufudk MunfhonfESifh
vifh[lcsHK;\ pdwf&if;udk q&mawmfBuD; em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;onf/
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;udk &efolozG,f owfrSwfxm;oljzpfygu tb,frSmvQif ol\vufudk &J&J0hH0Hh ay;ayvdrhf
rnfenf;/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;qef;onf vifh[lcsHK;\ vufaumuf0wfaoG;aMumukd prf;oyf&if; ol\rsufESm
xl;qef;tHhMoaom trlt&mrsdK; xGufay:vmawmh\/ olu vihf[lcsHK;udk aocsmpGm pdkufMunfhum . . .
]]rif; . . . 0gqef;*dkPf;u r[kwfbl; . . . }}
q&mawmfBuD;onf xkdpum;udkom ajymcsvkdufavawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]wynfhawmf 0gqef;*kdPf;om;tppfygbk&m;/ q&m&ufykcRef&JY yxrOD;qHk;aom wynfhBuD;yg/ q&mawmf
BuD;udk vdrfnmNyD; ravQmuf0Hhygbl;. . .}}
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u acwrQ awGa0pOf;pm;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]'Dvkdqdk&if rif;[m aemufydkif;rSm atmufvrf;odkif;ynmawGudk oifMum;vdkufw,fxifw,f . . . }} [k
ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u q&mawmfBuD;tm; &Sif;jy&ef [efjyifvdkufpOfrSmyif &daumhu 0ifajymawmh\/
]]OD;av; . . . 'Daumif&Jh odkif;ynmuvnf; atmufvrf;odkif;ynm twdkif;ygyJ/ apmapmwkef;u olYaemufrSm
rdef;rwa,mufygaewmudk awGUvkduf&w,f/ tck b,foGm;ykef;aeovJ rodbl;/ ckd;aMumifckd;0Suf vkyfaewm
udku rdk;om;bl;qdkwmudk jyaewmyJ/ vlaumif;awG r[kwfygbl; . . . }}
&daumhu ol\bGm;bGm;tm; apmfum;ajymqdkvdkufonfh pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsHK;rSm
a'goxGufvmawmh\/
]]cifAsm; b,fvkdvlvJ/ emrnfBuD; *dkPf;om;wa,muf vkyfaeNyD;awmh b,fhES,fpum;awG avQmufajymae&
wmvJ/ bmjzpfvdkY dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif;pum;awG ajymae&wmvJ/ bGm;bGm;u cifAsm;wdkYudkawGY&if a'goxGufvGef;vkdY
wrifykef;aewmAs/ cifAsm;wkdYudk rawGYcsifvkdYAs? rawGUcsifvkdY . . . }}
xkdpOf wcsdefvHk; Nidrfoufaeonfh bkef;BuD;<u,f&ufu 0if . . .
]]apmapmwke;f u 'umhaemufrSm avQmufaewJh rdef;r&Jh ajcvufawGu ayghayhgyg;yg;yJ/ toufodyfBuD;yHk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
548
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r&ygbl;/ tck 'umav;tajymu wu,fhtbGm;BuD; usaewmyJ }} [k ajymawmh\/

q&mawmfBuD;zef;qef;u acgif;cg&if; . . .
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aumif;NyD? vifh[lcsHK;/ igwdkY'DaeY awGUMu&wm[m igwkdY&JU a&pufaMumifhbJ/ rif;&Jh'Pf&mawG aysmufuif;ygapvdkY
igqkawmif;ygw,f/ aemufusrS xyfawGUMuao;wmayhg . . . }} [k ajymvdkuf\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm q&mawmfBuD;zef;qef;udk tvGefdkaoav;pm;oGm;\/ olYpdwx
f JwGif . . .
]]a&Smifvif*P
dk f;emrnfBuD;wmvJ rajymeJYawmh/ a&Smifvifbkef;awmfBuD;awGu wu,foabmxm;BuD;NyD;
wu,fw&m;jynfh0Muwmudk; . . . }}
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]]wynfhawmfom q&mawmfBuD;udk jyefawGUEdkif&if wynfhawmf&Jh b0ZmwfaMumif; . . . }}
olYpum;rqHk;cif &daumhu ol\"m;udk ]Trf;} ceJ qGJxkwfum atmf[pfvku
d f\/
]]a[m'DrSm awGUNyD . . . }}
olu "m;ESihfwygwnf; ckefxGuf csHKzkwfxJodkY xkd;pdkufvdkufawmh\/ tawmfyif &ufpufaom
tjyKtrlyifwnf;/ bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u atmf[pfum wm;jrpfvku
d f\/
]]&daumh . . . rvkyfeJY . . . }}
xdktcdkufrSmyif &daumhwa,muf atmf[pf&if; vGifhysHxGufvmawmh\/ olYrsufESmwGif aoG;pDaMumif;rsm;
jynfhESufaeonf/
rsufESmwGif pkwfNyJaeonf/ vufonf;rsm;ESihf ukwfjcpfxm;onfh yHkE,
S fwnf;/
&daumhrSm wcsufrQwkefcgoGm;NyD; owdarhoGm;awmh\/
&Sif;aumhESihf bkef;BuD;<u,f&ufwdkYrSm a'goxGufvmMuNyD; olwdkY\ "m;rsm;udkxkwfum csHKzkwfxJodkY
ckeftkyf&ef [efjyifvdkufawmh\/
odkYaomf . . . bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u vufESpfzufudk qefYwef;wm;jrpfvdku\
f / NyD;rS csHKzkwfodkY vSrf;Munfh
um &ifhusufwnfNidrfaom avoHjzifh ajymMum;awmhonf/
]]r[l&m awmifukef;rS 'umBuD;rsm; . . . }}
csHKzkwftwGif;rS rnfonfhwHkYjyefoHrQ rMum;&/ bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u quf . . .
]]a&Smifvif*P
dk f;[m 'umwdkY&JY r[l&mawmifukef;uvlawGeYJ bm&efNidK;rS r&SdcJhbl;/ tckbmjzpfvdkY bkef;BuD;&JY
wlav;udk 'Pf&m&atmif wdkufcdkufvdkuf&wmvJ . . . }} [k ar;vdkufjyefonf/
vihf[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGifrl
]]q&mawmfBuD; zef;qef;u ]r[l&mawmifukef;} ? ]r[l&mawmifukef;} eJY wzGzGajymaewmyJ/ b,fu
r[l&mawmifuek f;vJ/ 'Demrnfudk igvnf; wcgrS rMum;zl;ygbl;/ bmtzGYv
J nf; rodbl; . . . }} [k awG;aerd\/
xdkpOf bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u qufvuf . . .
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igwdkYa&Smifvif*dkPf;om;wa,mufudk xdcdkuf'Pf&m&atmif vkyfvdkufNyDqdkawmh 'Dudpudk xGufNyD;ajz&Sif;zdkY
bkef;BuD;u awmif;qdkw,f . . . }} [k ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm &ifxdwfoGm;awmh\/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; ]wHk;zef;yk} qkdwm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; ]wHk;zef;yk} ukd ajymaewmyJ jzpf&r,f/
'Dvlu odkif;avmurSm odkif;ynm tawmfqHk;vdkY ajymoHMum;&w,f/ bGm;bGm;uvnf; 'Draumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;uvlrsm; jzpfaervm;rodbl; . . . }}
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]]aumif;NyD/ rif;xGufrvm&if bkef;BuD;uvnf; xGufvmatmif vkyf&awmhrSmayhg . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;onf ol\vufESpfzufudk a&SUodkY qwfceJ qefYwef;wGef;xkwfvkdufawmh\/ xdktcg
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
549
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csHKzkwftwGif;&Sd opfudkif;opfcufrsm;rSm jyif;xefvSaom tm;vdIif;\t&SdefaMumifh usdK;jywfvGifhpif xGufvm

awmh\/
vl&dyfwckuvnf; csHKzkwftwGif;rS ]0kef;} ceJ ckefxGufvmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm bGm;bGm;u rnfonfhtajctaerqdk olrtm; rMunfh&[laom wm;jrpfcsufESifh ol\uwdudk
owd&vdkufojzifh vHk;0rMunfhawmhbJ ausmay;xm;vdkufawmh\/
xdkpOf &Sif;aumhESifh <u,f&ufbkef;BuD;wdkY\ rmefoGif;atmf[pfoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&NyD; vufeufcsif;
dkufcwfoHrsm;ukdvnf; Mum;vdkuf&onf/ bGm;bGm;onf ESpfa,mufwa,muf wdkufcdkufae[efwlonf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm tvGefpdk;&drfaomu a&mufae\/ wdkufyGJtajctaeudk Munfhcsifaomfvnf; olYuwdaMumifh
vSnfhrMunfh&JbJ jzpfaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;u atmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]at;at;aq;aq; ajz&Sif;Muygvm; . . . cifAsm;wdkYu a,mufsm;BuD;awGjzpfNyD; bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmuf
toufBuD;aewJh tbGm;BuD;udk ESpfa,mufwa,muf 0dkif;wdkufaeMu&wmvJ . . . }}
&Sif;aumhu ceJYNyHK;NyHK;&if; . . .
]]a[haumif . . . rif;bmawG ua,mifuwrf;eJY atmfaewmvJ?b,frSmvJ tbGm;BuD;/ [if; . . . 'Daumif
tdyfrufrufaewmeJYwlw,f . . . }} [k ajymvdkufawmh\/ olYpum;rqHk;cifrSmyif bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u
atmf owday;vdkuf\/
]]&Sif;aumh . . . owdxm; . . . }}
&Sif;aumhxHrS ]tm;} ceJ wcsufatmfoH Mum;vdkuf&\/ 'Pf&m&oGm;[efwl\/
vifh[lcsHK;u ol\bGm;bGm;udk csD;usL;rdonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tif; . . . bGm;bGm;&JYynmu w,faumif;ygvm;/ ESpfa,mufwa,mufawmif EdkifatmifNydKifEdkifw,f . . .}}
xdktcdkufrSmyif bkef;BuD;<u,f&uf\ atmfoHukd Mum;vdkuf&jyef\/ ,cktcg bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;
udk,fwdkif0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufaeavNyD/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u vufeufudk udkiq
f GJtoHk;jyK[efwl\/
xdkvufeuf\ avwdk;oHukdom Mum;ae&NyD; rnfonfhvufeufjzpfonfudk vHk;0rcefYrSef;EdkifcJhacs/
rsm;rMumrDyif bGm;bGm;\ jyif;xefaom toufIoHudk Mum;vm&awmhonf/
]]'umr . . . rif;&JYtwGif;tm;u bkef;BuD;&JYtwGif;tm;udk r,SOfEdkifbl;/ rif;vufeufcsNyD; bkef;BuD;eJYtwl
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;udk vdkufcJhyg/ EdkYrdkY&if rif;rSm twGif;'Pf&m &oGm;vdrhfr,f}}
kwfw&uf tm;ceJ atmfoHwcsuf Mum;vdkuf&NyD; ol\ vnfukyftay:odYk a&puftcsdKU usa&mufvmouJh
odkY cHpm;vdkuf&ojzifh vufjzifhprf;Munfhvdkufrd\/
]]tvdk . . . aoG;awGygvm; . . . }}
olYvnfukyfay:odkY a&muf&Sdvmonfrsm;rS a&r[kwfacs/ aoG;pufrsm;jzpfonf/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u . . . ]] uJ . . . rif; 'Pf&m&oGm;NyD / qufNyD; rckcHygeJYawmh . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;\ em;xJwGif bGm;bGm;\ toufIoHrSm jyif;xefonfxuf jyif;xefvmonfudk Mum;ae&\/
ajcvSrf;rsm; ,drf;xkd;aeonfukdvnf; ajcoHt& odae&onf/ tcsdefraG;vJus oGm;EdkifaeayNyD/
]]bGm;bGm;u ighudkapmifha&SmufzdYk ac:vmwm/ igu 'Dvdk ausmcdkif;aevdkY b,fjzpfawmhrmS vJ/ bGm;bGm;&JY
aus;Zl;awGuvnf; ightay:&Sdaew,f/ bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;vdk oufawmf0gawmfBuD;wJh bkef;BuD;rsdK;u
bGm;bGm;udk 'Pf&m&wJhtxd wdkufcdkufaewmawmh rw&m;bl;/ igvnf; vufydkufNyD; MunfhraeEdkifbl; . . . }}
olu "m;ukdqGJxkwfvkdufNyD; toHudkjrifh atmfvdkufav\/
]]q&mawmfBuD;bk&m; . . . wynfhawmf bGm;bGm;bufu wdkufcdkufay;&ygr,f/ bGm;bGm;&Jh aus;Zl;awG
uvnf; wynfhawmftay:rSm &SdaecJhygw,f . . . }}
xdktcdkufrSmyif bGm;bGm;rSm bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;\ vuf0g;dkufcsufwcsufudk ]jAef;}
ceJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
550
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tdkufcHvdkuf&NyD; vihf[lcsHK;\ taemufodkY vGifhpifvm\/ olrrSm NydKvJusawmhrnfuJhoYdk jzpfaeojzifh

vifh[lcsHK;\ aemufausmodkY tm;jyKqkyfukid f xm;vdkuf&onf/
vihf[lcsHK;onf csufcsif;yif ol\ukd,fudk wywfvSnfhvdkufNyD; bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;udk &ifqdkifvdkuf
awmh\/ "m;ukdvnf; vSpfceJ wcsufxkd;oGif;vdkufonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u aemufwvSrf; qkwfoGm;
onf/
vihf[lcsHK;onf bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;\ vufxJrS vufeufudk awGU&aomtcg kwfw&uf ai;aMumif
rifoufrdoGm;awmh\/ oHk;aycefY&Snfaom wkwfwacsmif;jzpfaeonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . . ]] bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;&JY twGif;tm;odkif;u odyfaumif;aeawmh? igolYudk b,fvdkrS
,SOfEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmh "m;odkif;ynmeJYyJ bGm;bGm;ukdu,fzkdY BudK;pm;&awmhrSmyJ . . . }}
uJhokdY qHk;jzwfNyD;onfESihf ol\"m;udk pwifvIyf&Sm;awmh\/ olYq&mbdk;bdk;\ ]{u&mZf udk;uGuf}
"m;odkif;ynmudk toHk;jyKawmhonf/ vihf[lcsHK;xHrS "m;uGufrsm; xGufvmaomtcg bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;rSm
tBuD;tus,fwkev
f IyfoGm;awmh\/
]]rif; . . . rif; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm ol\"m;uGufrsm;ukd vHk;0r&yfqdkif;&J / rdrdtm; bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u twGif;tm;jzifh
dkufxkwfEdkifaom tcsdefuav; tenf;i,frdHkjzifh rdrdrIrvS SHK;edrfhoGm;&ayrnf/
xdkYaMumifholu olpY dwfap&m "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk a&pD;yrm wuGufNyD;wuGuf qufwdkufxkwfaeawmhonf/
]{u&mZf udk;uGuf} rSm "m;odkif;ynm\ txGwftxdyfjzpf vihf[lcsHK;om ol\twGif;tm;udk xkwf
wdkufcdkufEdkifvQif bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;uJhodkYaom odkif;ynm&SifrsdK;udk q,fuGuftwGif; tEdkif,l wdkufcdkuf
Edkifonf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm pdwfoGm;wdkif; ukd,frygyJ jzpfvmawmhonf/ wdkufckduf&if; ol\ vufarmif;rsm;rSm tm;r&SdbJ
jzpfvmojzifh
ol\"m;onfvnf;
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aomvufarmif;udk dkufcsNyD;? b,fvuf0g;u vifh[lcsHK;\&if0udk dkufcsvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; ol\"m;udk wef;aeatmif xkd;vdkufonf/ odkYaomftm;jywfaeojzifh "m;rSm vrf;w0ufrS
idkufusoGm;awmh\/
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SHK;edrfhoGm;aumif; HI;edrfhoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/
vifh[lcsHK;url ]{u&mZf udk;uGuf} udk avhusifhoifMum;xm;onfjzpf BuHK&mMu&m "m;uGufudk vkdovdk
qufoHk;oGm;Edik fonf/ xkdYaMumifh ol\"m; idkufusvmaomfvnf; olu a&SUodkYomquf xdk;xnfhvkduf
awmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;\ tm;jywfaerIaMumifh tenf;i,faemufusoGm;onf/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;\ vuf0g;u vihf[lcsHK;\ &ifbwfudk vma&mufxduyfvm\/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif vihf[lcsHK;\"m;OD;u bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;\ &if0odkY xdk;pdkufoGm;onf/
vihf[lcsHK;u rdrdrSm bkef;awmfBuD;\ vuf0g;tdkufcHvkduf&onfESifh ao&rnfudk odonf/
rdrdrSm e*dkuwnf;u oufqdk;&Snfrnfholr[kwf[k pdwfavQmhxm;oljzpf&m aoaoausaus qdkonfhpdwfjzifh
olao? udk,fao pdwfrsdK;xm; "m;udk xdk;oGif;vdkufygu bkef;awmfBuD;rSm rdrdESifhtwlvdkuf
aoqHk;&ayvdrfrh nf/
uJhodkYaom bkef;awmfBuD;rsdK; vHk;0raooifh/ rdrdurl taMumif;r[kwfawmh/
xdkYaMumifh ol\"m;udk qufrxdk;awmhbJ csufcsif;jyefkyfvkdufonf/ rQ csufcsif;kyfonfhwdkif
"m;zsm;uav; tenf;i,f pdkuf0ifoGm;ao;\/
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h dkif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
551
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;\ odkif;ynmudk ESajrmojzifh twGif;tm;udk rxkwfbJ csufcsif;jyefkyfvkdufonf/

wOD;arwm wOD;rSm qdkonfhtwdkif; wOD;udkwOD;u epfemrnfpdk;&drfNyD; kyfodrf;vdkufMu&m ESpfOD;pvHk;
wNydKifwnf; kyfodrf;rdvQufom; jzpfoGm;Mu\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tm;wif;BudK;pm;vsuf ol\"m;udk aemufodkY jyefkyfvkdufjcif;jzpf&m tm;vGef
aemufodkYvu
J soGm;awmh\/
csufcsif;yif twGif;'Pf&m jyefay:vmNyD; ]a0hg} ceJ aoG;rsm;xGufaejcif;om jzpfaMumif; awGU&onf/
'Pf&mrsdK;rSm tay:,H'Pf&mvdrf;aq; vdrf;vkdufHkrQjzifh aysmufuif;Edkifayonf/
]]wu,faumif;wJh "m;odkif;ygvm;/ rif;om vufudkjyefrkyfvu
kd f&if igtckcsdefrSm pum;ajymEdkifawmhrmS
r[kwfbl; }}
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ol\vuf0g;udk twGif;tm;rxkwfbJ jyefkyfodrf;vdkufonfh tcsufuadk wmh vHk;0xnfhrajymacs/
rdrd pdwf&if;? apwemaumif;udk razmf? wyg;ol\ pdwfaumif;? apwemaumif;udkom xkwfazmfcsD;usL;
onf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSmrl tajctae qdk;0g;vsuf &SdaeavNyD/ ajrBuD;ay:wGif av;bufaxmuf Nidrfoufvsuf&o
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]]q . . . q . . . q&mawmf . . . bk&m;udk tckvdkxdcdkufrdatmif apmf. . . apmfum;cJhwJh wynfh . . .
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olu oufjyif;wcsufcsvkdufNyD; qufajymvdkufonf/
]]'gawGu bkef;BuD;&JY oabmudkomajymaewmaemf . . . 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD;u oabmwlr,f?
rwlbl;qdkwmudkawmh bkef;BuD;vnf; twdtus rajym&Jbl; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm rsuf&nfusrdrwwf jzpfoGm;awmh\/ apwem arwmw&m; BuD;rm;vSaom q&mawmfBuD;
ygay/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
552
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mawmfBuD;&Jh apwemudk wynfhawmf aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f bk&m; . . . 'Du bGm;bGm;udk vHkNcHK

pdwfcs&wJhae&m ydkYNyD;&if wynfhawmf&JYwm0ef NyD;qHk;ygNyD . . . tJh'DtcgrSm q&mawmfBuD;qDukd wynfhawmf
ta&mufvmcJhyghr,fbk&m; . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;u tvGeftHhMooGm;[efjzifh . . .
]]rif;uolYukd bGm;bGm;vkdYac:w,f [kwfvm; . . . rif;u txufvrf;*dkPf;om;wa,mufyJ . . .
atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;awGeJY taygif;toif; toGm;tvm rvkyfygeJY }} [k wm;jrpfpum; ajymMum;avawmh\/
pum;qHk;onfESifh vSnfhxGufoGm;awmhonf/
xdktcg bGm;bGm;\ aemufbufrS ajymvkdufonfhtoHukd Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . rif;'Dbkef;BuD;eJY vkdufoGm;av . . . olu rif;&JY'Pf&mudk aysmufatmif ukoay;Edkifw,fvkdY
ajymw,fr[kwfvm; . . . a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JY twGif;tm;u odkif;avmurSm taumif;qHk;yJ . . . rif;u
bmjzpfvkdY vkdufroGm;wmvJ . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .]] b,f . . . csufcsif;vkdufoGm;vdkY jzpfrvJ . . . bGm;bGm;ukd c&D;waxmuf qHk;wJhtxd
vkdufydkYr,fvkdY uGsefawmfuwday;xm;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . }}
]]rif;udk,frSm 'Davmuf 'Pf&mBuD; &xm;&JheJYrsm; ighukd vkdufapmifha&SmuftHk;r,f . . . [kwfvm; }}
]][m;[m;[m; . . . bGm;bGm;rSmvnf; 'Pf&m&xm;wmyJ . . . b,folu ydkcHEdkif&nf&SdovJ qdkwm
prf;oyfMunfhMuwmaygh bGm;bGm;&Jh . . . }}
]]vihf[lcsHK; . . . igu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;? rif;u txufvrf;*dkPf;uvl . . .
igeJY taygif;toif; toGm;tvm rvkyfeJY . . . awmfawmfMum rif;&JY*kPfodum xdckdufaetHk;r,f . . . }}
]][m;[m;[m; . . . uRefawmfu e*dkuwnf;u odumrSr&Sdwm . . . olrsm;awG bmajymajym uGsefawmf
ta&;rpdkufygbl;/ bGm;bGm;u uRefawmhftay: tifrwefaumif;cJhwJh Opm . . . bGm;bGm; 'Pf&m&aewkef;
uGsefawmfxGufoGm;&if b,fvl[kwfawmhrvJ . . . }}
]]'gjzifh wu,fvYdk ig'Pf&mr&xm;&if rif;uighudk ypfNyD; oGm;awmhrSmayhg [kwfvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u atmf[pf&,farmvkdufjyefum . . .
]]uGsefawmfu bGm;bGm; ysif;aerSmukdyJ pdk;&drfaewm . . . bGm;bGm;uom rysif;bl;qdk&if bGm;bGm;udk
tazmfvkyfNyD; tNrJwrf; pum;ajymay;rSmyg . . . 'gayr,fh uRefawmfu vlvdrm vl,Ofaus;r[lwfbl; vldkif; . .
. udk,faecsifovdkae . . . udk,fajymcsifovdk ajymwwfwJhvl . . . awmfMum oHk;av;&ufvnf; Muma&m
bGm;bGm;u pum;rajymcsifyJeJYawmif jzpfoGm;vdrfhOD;r,f . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u a&Smifvifaq;vHk;wvHk;udk,l bGm;bGm;ukd urf;ay;vkdufonf/
]][kdbkef;awmfBuD;u wu,fhudk oabmxm;BuD;wJh bkef;awmfBuD;yJ . . . bGm;bGm;u olY&JUwlav;awG
tm;vHk; 'Pf&m&atmif vkyfxm;ayr,fh olwdkY*dkPf;&Jh 'PfaMuaq;vHk;udkawmh ay;cJhao;w,f . . . }}
]]'gu olwdkYtxufvrf;*dkPf;uvlawG&JY olawmfaumif;[efyefav . . . iguawmh 'grsdK;udk MunfhvkdYukd
r&bl; . . . }}
]]bGm;bGm; 'Daq;vHk;udk aomufvkdufyg . . . uGsefawmfaomufvkdufwm tawmhfudk oufomoGm;w,f . . .}}
bGm;bGm;xHrS rnfonfh wHkUjyefoHrQ rMum;&/ xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsHK;u . . .]] bGm;bGm; . . . }}
xdktcg bGm;bGm;u kwfw&uf atmfawmh\/
]]tck 'DawmxJrmS rif;eJYigeJY ESpfa,mufwnf;&Sdwm b,fhES,f wcsdefvHk; bGm;bGm; . . . bGm;bGm;eJY
em;udkNiD;aewmyJ/ enf;enf;avmuf avQmhac:vdkY r&bl;vm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,fvsuf . . .
]]avQmhac:vdkY &ygw,f/ bGm;bGm;u bmjzpfvkdY 'Daq;vHk;udk rpm;&wmvJ . . . }}
]]rif;u a&Smifvif*dkPf;&JY aq;vHk;aumif;w,fqdkawmh igay;wJh aq;vHk;uawmh raumif;bl;aygh [kwfvm;
. . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u uysmu,m &Sif;jyonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
553
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][m . . . r[kwf&ygbl; . . . bGm;bGm; aq;uvnf; aumif;ygw,f . . . 'D a&Smifvifaq;uvnf;

aumif;wmygyJ . . . 'Daq;vHk;pm;zkdY ajymaewmu vrf;avQmuf&if ydkNyD; tm;&SdoGm;atmifyg . . . }}
xdktcg bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]bmvJ . . . rif;u ighudkapmifh&vdkY pdwfr&Snfawmhbl;ayhg [kwfvm; . . . 'Dvkdqdk&if rif;bmom
wa,mufwnf; oGm;ayawmh . . . igurif;ukd qGJrxm;bl; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]'DaeY bmjzpfvdkY bGm;bGm;u 'Davmuf a'goBuD;ae&wmvJ rodbl; . . . [kwfNyD . . . [kwfNyD . . .
ol'Pf&m&xm;awmh rtDromjzpfNyD; a'goBuD;aewm jzpf&r,f . . . }}
odkY awG;vdkufrdojzifh &,farm&if; . . .
]]uGsefawmfvnf; tcktcsdefrSm wvSrf;awmif ravQmufEdkifbl; . . . avQmufcsifwmawmif avQmufvkdYr&bl;
. . . aemufNyD; [J[J[J . . . }}
bGm;bGm;u a'gooHjzifh aigufvdkuf\/
]]bm . . . [J . . . [J . . . [J vJ . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u xyfrH&,farmNyD; . . .
]]bGm;bGm;uvnf; [J . . . [J . . . [J qdkwm &,fwmaygh / uGsefawmf vrf;avQmufEdkifwmawmif
bGm;bGm;rvdkufbl;qdk&if uGsefawmfvnf; roGm;bl;vkdY ajymrvkdYyg . . . }}
olYtaejzifh bGm;bGm;udk dkdkaoaoqufqHcJhonf/ odkYaomf tvum;ae&if; a'goxGufaeonfukd
awGY&aomtcg olu aemufcsifajymifcsifpdwf ay:vmawmh\/
odkYaomf olu &,fTrf;ywfTrf;ajymaeaomfvnf; bGm;bGm;u pdwfrqdk;/ pum;oHvnf; rMum;&/
rnfonfhtaMumif;rsm;udk pOf;pm;awG;awmaeonf roday/ xdkYaMumifh . . .
]]bGm;bGm; . . . }}
]]vmjyefNyD bGm;bGm; . . . rif;woufrmS bGm;bGm;qdkwJh pum;vHk;udk wcgrS rac:zl;bl;eJYwlw,f/ . . .
b,fhES,f 'DavmufrNiD;raiGU ac:ae&wmvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,f
]]tJh'DvkdrS rac:&if bGm;bGm;udk b,fvkdac:&rvJ}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
bGm;bGm;xHrS rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&bJ kwfw&ufNidrfoufoGm;onf/ NyD;rS . . .
]]'DrSmu rif;eJYig ESpfa,mufwnf;&SdwmyJ . . . bmac:p&m vdkovJ . . . rif;ajym&if ighudk . . .
igajym&if rif;udkqdkwmodaewmyJ . . . bmvlrSm;p&m &SdvdkYvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u &,fvsuf . . .
]]'gayr,fh . . . wcgwav uGsefawmfu udk,fhbmom wa,mufwnf; pum;ajymwwfw,f . . .
txifrvGJeJYaemf }}
xdktcg bGm;bGm;xHrS . . .
]]pum;ajym&if uysufuacsmf TwfaemufaemufeJY . . . b,fawmhrS wnfwnfMunfMunf r&Sdbl; . . .
'gaMumihf rif;&JY *dkPf;wlnDrav;u rif;udkraG;wmayhg . . . }}
xkdpum;rSm vifh[lcsHK;\ tonf;ESvHk;ypfuGif;udk wdwdusus xdk;pdkufvdkufonfh jrm;csufyifjzpfawmh\/
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&onfESifh &ifxJeifhceJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]nDrav;u ighudk arwmrrQbJ vifrdefusufudk arwmrQvkdufwm[m wu,fyJ igh&JYtajymtqdk
taetxdkif rwnfwmaMumifhyJvm; . . . at;av . . . jzpfEdkifw,f/ vifrdefusufu taetxdkif pnf;urf;
&Sdw,f . . . pum;ajym&ifvnf; wnfwnfMunfMunf ajymwwfw,f . . . wu,fh vlBuD; vlaumif; yHkpHyJ .
. . olu q&meJY odyfwlwm . . . nDrav;rajymeJY? igomrdef;uav;qdk&ifvnf; olYukdyJ oabmusrdrSmyJ . . .
uavuacs Twfaemufaemuf vihf[lcsHK;ukdawmh b,foabmusrSmvJ . . . tif; . . . vihf[lcsHK; . . . vihf[lcsHK;?
rif;wcsdefvHk; aomufvdkuf? rl;vdkuf? Twfvkduf? aemufvdkuf vkyfaeorQ'PfawG tckrS cH&awmhwmyJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
554
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcg bGm;bGm;rSm vihf[lcsHK; pum;rajymEdkifawmhyJ awGa0ai;armoGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcg . . .

]]vihf[lcsHK; . . . ighpum;aMumifh . . . rif;pdwfxdckdufoGm;ovm; . . . ighudkpdwfqdk;oGm;NyDvm; }} [k
ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]pdwfrqdk;ygbl;/ bGm;bGm;ajymwm rSefwmyJ . . . uGsefawmfu pum;ajym&if TwfaemufaemufeJY . . .
b,fawmhrS wnfwnfMunfMunf r&SdcJhbl; . . . 'gaMumifh nDrav;u uRefawmhfudk rBudKufwm. . . tckqdk&if
q&meJYq&mrwdkYawmif uRefawmhfukd rBudKufMuawmhbl; . . . rwwfomvdkYom qufqHae&wJh yHkpHrsdK;jzpfaew,f}}
xdktcg bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]odyfvnf; pdwfraumif; jzpfraeygeJYuGm . . . rif;&JY q&m? q&mreJY nDrav;wkdYu . . . rif;udk
pdwfr0ifpm;ayr,fh rif;ukdoabmuswJhvl? pdwf0ifpm;wJholawG 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm &SdOD;rSmayghuGm . . . }}
olr\avoHonf El;nHhaysmhaysmif;vSNyD; tMuifemw&m; tjynfht0yg&Sdonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSmvnf;
vGefpGmpdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;\/ olu qdkYeifhpGmjzifh . . .
]]bGm;bGm; uRefawmhftay:odyfaumif;wm . . . uRefawmhftay: 'Davmuf MuifMuifemem&SdwJh vl
wa,muf 'DavmuxJrSm &SdaewmudkyJ auseyfvSygNyD . . . uRefawmhfudk b,folu oabmusus? rusus
uRefawmf*krpdkufawmhygbl; . . . }} [k ajym&Smawmh\/
bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]cspfatmifajymvnf; 'Dyg;pyf . . . rkef;atmifajymvnf; 'Dyg;pyf qdkwm odyfrSefwmyJ . . . rif;uawmh
wu,fhudk tajymcsdKwmyJ . . . 'gaMumifhrdkYvnf; [dktqdyf*dkPf;u vefzkef;zkef;vdk rdef;uav;uawmif rif;udk
oabmusoGm;wm . . . uJ . . . awmfNyD/ 'DaeY rif;vnf; vrf;ravQmufEdkif? igvnf; vrf;ravQmufEkdifbl;qdk&if
vHk;0c&D;wGifawmhrSm r[kwfbl; . . .}}
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]]uRefawmf . . . ajym . . . }}
bGm;bGm;u jzwf ajymvdkufawmh\/
]]pum;ukd avQmhajymawmh . . . rif;ajymwJh pum;awG odyfrsm;aeNyD . . . tck rif;a&SUu wGwfqGJNyD;oGm; . .
. igaemufu vku
d fcJhr,f . . . }}
]]bGm;bGm;om [dka&Smifvifaq;vHk;rpm;&if uRefawmfa&SUu tJh'DvdkoGm;Edkifr,fh tm;awmif &SdawmhrSm
r[kwfbl; . . . }}
]]avQmufajymraeeJY . . . igaq;rpm;wmeJY rif;wGwfqGJNyD; oGm;wmeJY bmqdkifvdkYvJ . . . }}
]]rqdkifbJ aerSmvm; . . . bGm;bGm; aq;rpm;&if uRefawmfpdwfylw,f . . . pdwfylvm&if udk,fxJu
twGif;tm;awG ajAmif;qefvmr,f . . . a&m*gxvmr,f . . . a&m*gxvm&if wukd,fvHk; tm;r&Sdawmhbl; . . .
tm;r&Sd&if wGwfqGJNyD; oGm;zdkYrajymeJY? 'DrSm qufvSJaezdkYawmif tm;r&Sdawmhbl; . . . }}
xkdpum;aMumifh bGm;bGm;u cpfceJ &,frdawmh\/
]]rif;uvJ BuHBuHzefzef . . . ajrBuD;ay:rSm vSJaezdkYawmif tm;vdkao;ovm; . . . }}
]][m . . . odyfvkdwmaygh ? 'Dae&mu ukef;avQmBuD; rawGUbl;vm; . . . tm;eJY xdef;rxm;&if atmufudk
vSdrfhcsvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;rSmayhg . . . atmufrSm a&uefBuD;&Sdw,f . . . a&uefxJusNyD; a&epfaoaeOD;r,f . . .}}
bGm;bGm;u oufjyif;wcsufcs . . .
]]rif;uawmh wu,fhvlyJ . . . ukd,fay:rSm 'Davmuf'Pf&mawG jyif;jyif;xefxef &xm;wmawmifrS
Twfaemufaemufpum;awG ajymEdkifao;w,f . . . awmfHkwefHkvlqdk pdwf"mwfuswmeJY bmpum;rS
ajymcsifawmhrmS r[kwfbl; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;onf aq;vHk;ukd aemufjyefypfay;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]uJ . . . aq;vHk;udk pm;vkdufyg . . . }}
bGm;bGm;u . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
555
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][if; . . . olwdkYvkd txufvrf;*dkPf;u vlBuD;vlaumif;a,mifaqmifaewJh vlawG&JYaq;udk igb,fawmhrS

rpm;bl; }}
xkdpOf vifh[lcsHK;u kwfw&uf ]atmifr,fav;} [k atmfum ol\wudk,fvHk; ukef;avQmtwdkif; vSdrfhcs[ef
jyKvkduf\/ odkYaomf vihf[lcsHK;rSm wu,fyif qifajcavQmtwdkif; atmufodkY vdrfhqif;oGm;awmh\/
bGm;bGm;u xdwfceJatmfvdkuf\/
]]vihf[lcsHK; . . . owdxm; . . . }}
onfukef;avQmrSm rwfjcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; &Snfvsm;vSonf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm tcsdeftawmfMumaomtcgrS atmufajcodkYa&mufNyD; vdrfhqif;jcif; &yfqdkif;oGm;awmh\/
a&uefem;a&mufrS ajcaxmufvufaxmuf tm;jyK&if; jyef&yfvdkuf&awmh\/
awmifukef;xdyrf S bGm;bGm;\ atmfoH ay:vmonf/
]]a[; . . . vihf[lcsHK; . . . rif;b,fhES,faeao;vJ . . . 'Pf&mxyf&ao;vm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;xHrS rnfonfhpum;jyefrQr&/
xdkpOf bGm;bGm;u atmfjyefonf/
]]vihf[lcsHK; . . . ig [dkbkef;BuD;ay;vkdufwhJ aq;vHk;udk pm;r,f . . . rif; . . . rif; wufvmawmh }}
vihf[lcsHK;u atmufu jyefatmfonf/
]]ajymNyD;wJh pum;twdkif; uwdwnf&r,faemf . . . }}
olwdkYESpfa,muf\ tuGmta0;rSm enf;enf;aemaem tuGmta0;r[kwfay/
xkdYaMumifh vif[
h lcsHK;tzdkY bGm;bGm;Mum;atmif ajym&onfrSm vGefpmG cufcJyifyef;ae&awmhonf/
tm;ukefcrf;aerIaMumifh odkY jzpfae&jcif;jzpf\/
xkdYaMumifh bGm;bGm;taejzifh toHaumif;pGm rMum;&ay/ bGm;bGm;u . . .
]]jrefjrefwufav . . . [dkaq;vHk;udk pm;jyr,f . . .}}
vifh[lcsHK;onf wkefwkefcsdcsdESifh x&yfvdkufonf/ qifajcavQm awmifukef;ukd wuf&ef BudK;pm;vdkuf\/
tqif;wGif t&SdefESifh vdrfhqif;vmjcif;jzpf&m tm;rxkwf&/ odkYaomf ,cktwufwGifrl wu,fhudk
yifyef;cufcJae&awmh\/
ESpfvSrf;cefY tay:odkY ukwfuyfwufvkduf&ao;onf/ csufcsif;yif ajcaxmufrsm; aysmhacGusoGm;um
jyefvdrfhusoGm;jyefawmh\/
xdktjcif;t&mudkjrifaom bGm;bGm;rSm pdk;&drfxdwfvefYoGm;NyD olryg qifajcavQmtwdkif; vSdrfhcsvkdufav\/
vifh[lcsHK;em; a&muf&SdaomtcgrS tuspudk qkyfudkifum a&xJrS qGrJ vkdufavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;\ yg;pyfwGif a&oHk;av;iHkpmrQ 0ifoGm;NyD; rsufpdrsm;vnf; jyma0vQuf&Sdaeonf/
toufudk jznf;nif;pGm IdIufNyD; pdwfukdwnfNidrfatmif xdef;odrf;vku
d fonf/ twefMumrS rsufvHk;rsm;udk
jyefzGifhvdkufonf/
xdkpOf a&uefjyifonf NidrfoufMunfvifvsuf&Sd&m rSefom;wrQ jzpfaeawmh\/
a&jyifay:wGif t&dyfESpfck ay:ae\/
Eke,fysdKrspf cspfcsifpzG,faumif;vSaom rdef;uav;wa,mufu rdrd\tusaemufausmudk qkyfukdifxm;
onfukd awGU&av\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xdwfvefYtHhMooGm;awmhonf/ xdktcdkufrSmyif rdrd\aemufausmrS rdef;uav;rSm ]a0hg] ceJ
aoG;wcsufxk;d tefawmh\/
apmapmu vSdrfhqif;vmonfh 'Pfcsufyifwnf;/
NyD;awmh aysmhacGum rdrd\ausmay:odkY arSmufusvmonfukd odvkduf&awmhonf/
rdef;uav;\ aEG;axG;El;Hhaom ukd,fvHk;rSm rdrd\ ausmjyifay:odkY usa&mufaeNyD; eufarSmif&Snfvsm;vS
aom ydwkef;a&mifauomrsm;rSmvnf; rdrd\rsufESmab;wGif usvsuf&Sdaeonfukd awGU&\/
rdef;uav;tm; Munfhvdkufaomtcg rsufEmS w0ufcefYomjrif&NyD; rsufprd sm;rSdwfxm;aMumif; awGU&onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
556
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&xJ rQacsmarmaeygvsuf yuwdjrif&vQif . . . tb,fqdkzG,f&m &SdEdkifawmhtHhenf;/ olr\

toufrSm tvGeq
f Hk;&SdrS q,fh&SpfESpfcefY rQom/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm bGm;bGm;qdkol\rsufESmudk wBudrfwcgrQ iJhapmif;yif rMunfhcJhbJ&Sd&m ,ckacsmarmvSaom
rdef;uav;onf bGm;bGm;jzpfrnf[k vHk;0rxifrSwfacs/
xdkYaMumifh olYpdwfxJ rQxl;xl;qef;qef; jzpfae&jcif;jzpfonf/
olYEIwfrS wD;wdk;a&Gwfaerdonf/
]]'Drdef;uav;u b,folvJ . . . b,fua&mufvmwmvJ . . . bmjzpfvkdY oluighudk vmu,f&wmvJ. . .}}
twefMumrQ pOf;pm;aomfvnf; ewfrdr,fwrQ acsmarmvSyvSaom rdef;uav; rnfonfhae&mu
ay:xGufvmonfudk rawG;EdkifbJ jzpfae\/
aemufqHk; OD;aESmufajcmufcH rpOf;pm;awmhyJ owdarhoGm;aom rdef;uav;tm; wGJ,lxlray;&ef
ol\ukd,fudk vSnfh&efBudK;pm;vkduf\/
odkYaomf ol\ ]tm;} ukd vHk;0rxkwfEdkifawmh/ ESpfBudrfrQ vdrhfuscJhNyD;jzpf tb,frS ]tm;} xkwf &Edkif
awmhtHhenf;/
ol\vufESpfzufrSm ajrBuD;udk axmufxm;cJh&m ,ck ajrBuD;rScGm&efyif vHk;0rwwfEdkifawmh/ ausmufcsxm;
ouJhokdY jzpfaeacsNyD/
xdkYaMumifh rdef;uav;tm; xlray;&ef tBuHukdavQmhvkdufNyD; a&xJrS t&dyfrsm;udkom ai;Munfhaerdawmh\/
twefMumaomtcgrS ol\aemufausm&Sd rdef;uav;xHrS ]tifh} ceJ nnf;oHwcsufMum;vkduf&NyD;
rsufvHk;rsm;yGifhvmum
]]bmvJ . . . rif;uighudk ajcmufvSefYHkoufouf vSdrfhcsjywmvm; . . . 'grSr[kwf wu,faocsifaevkdYvm;
. . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm olr\pum;oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg xckefrdvkrwwf xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdktoHrSm bGm;bGm;\toH jzpfaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/ vihf[lcsHK;rSm wudk,fvHk;
wkefoGm;um
]]cif . . . cifAsm; . . . cifAsm; . . . }}
xkdrdef;uav;u . . . ]]bmcifAsm;vnf; . . . rif;uighudk awmfawmf'kuay;w,f / uJ . . . [dkaq;vHk;
udk igwrifukd rpm;awmhbl; . . . rif;aocsif&ifvnf; aoayawmh . . . }}
]]tif; . . . vufpowfawmh bGm;bGm;qdkwm tifrwefacsmwJh rdef;uav;ygvm; . . . }}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom rdef;uav;rSm txdwfwvefYjzpfoGm;NyD; . . .
]]&Sif . . . &Sif . . . b,fvdkvkyfodovJ . . . &Sif . . . &Sif . . . uwdrwnfbl; . . . &Sif uRefr
arhaewkef;u cdk;Munfhw,fayhgav}}
odkYajymNyD;onfESihf acgif;iHkYvdkufrd\/ xdktcg a&uefxJrS vl&dyfESpfckudk jrifawGUvdkuf&awmh\/
olru vifh[lcsHK;\ aemufausmwGif rSDaeyHkudk a&uefxJ MunfMunfvifvif jrifawGYae&\/
xdkYaMumifh &Suo
f Gm;NyD; csufcsif; rwfwyf&yf&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; ol\udk,fukd vSnfh&efBudK;pm;Munfhaomtcg vSnfhEdkifaMumif; awGY&ojzifh
csufcsif;aemufjyef vSnhfvkdufonf/
rwfwyfx&yf&ef BudK;pm;aom rdef;uav;rSm vrf;ckvwfrSmyif 'l;rsm; aysmhacGusvmojzifh vifh[lcsHK;\
&ifcGifxJodkY vJusvmawmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif ESpfa,mufpvHk; vHk;0tiftm;r&Sdojzifh xdkae&myif xkdyHkpHtwdkif; vJaeMu&awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u tHhMovSaom avoHjzifh . . .
]]rif;u bmjzpfvkdY tbGm;[efaqmifNyD; nmae&wmvJ . . . ighrSmawmh wu,fhbGm;bGm;rSwfvkdY . . . }}
xkdrdef;uav;u . . .
]]b,folu olYudknmvdkYvJ . . . ajymprf;ygOD;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
557
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;u rdef;uav;\ rsufESmudk iHkUMunfhvdkufonf/

EkysdKoefYpifvSaom rsufESmuav; yef;a&mif&SufaoG;rsm; oef;aeonfukd awGUvkduf&ojzifh &ifxJ
vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/
olY&if a0'emtopfwck pwifvHIUaqmfvmavNyD/
vifh[lcsHK;u wcsuf&,fvkdufNyD; . . .
]]ighrSmawmh . . . bGm;bGm; . . . bGm;bGm;vkdY wvrf;vHk;ac:vmvdkuf&wm . . . 'DMum;xJ rdkraowckck
vkyfrd&if i&JBuD;rSmpdk;vkdY qifjcifae&vkduf&wmvJ armaewmyJ . . . [if; . . . rif;uawmh 'Dvdktac:cHae&
wm enf;enf;rS &SufyHkr&bl; . . . rif;toufu b,favmuf&Sdao;vkdYvJ . . . ighnDrav; tG,favmufyJ
&Sdao;wm . . . tckuwnf;u igh&JhbGm;bGm; vkyfcsifaeNyD . . . bGm;bGm;vkyfcsifw,fqdk aemufxyf
tESpf&Spfq,favmuf apmifhtkef; . . . }}
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
558
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
arwma&Munf
vihf[lcsHK;\ pum;aMumifh xkdrdef;uav;u cpfceJ wcsuf&,fvkdufNyD; . . .
]]uRefru b,fwkef;ursm; uRefrudk,fuRefr bGm;bGm;vkdY ajymcJhzl;vdkYvJ . . . &Sifhbmom bGm;bGm;?
bGm;bGm;eJY wbGm;wnf;bGm;aewm . . . &Sifac:vGef;vdkYawmif uRefru apmapmu pdwfqdk;aeao;w,f
r[kwfvm; . . . &Sifu uRefrpum;rS qHk;atmifem;raxmifwm . . . }} [k jyefajym\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg xdkrdef;uav;\pum;rSefuefaMumif; 0efcH&\/ odkYaomf
rdrdrSm rQavmuf &SnfMumvSonfh c&D;pOfwavQmufvHk; tvdrftnmcHch&J onfukd vHk;0rausreyfjzpfaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh oluqufajymonf/
]]rif;u rif;&JYrsufESmudk igrMunfh&bl;qdkwmu nmzkdYbJr[kwfvm; . . . rif;&JY 'DavmufEke,fwJh rsufESm
uav;udk jrif&JYom;eJY igu aygawmawmeJY bGm;bGm;vdkYac:rSmvm; . . . rif;u aumh&efNrdKUuwnf;u ighudk
nmcJhwmyJ . . . [dktbdk;BuD; vkusLeJYaygif;NyD; ighudknmwm . . . olurif;ukd a':av;vdkYac:awmh ighvkdvlrsdK;u
rif;ukd b,fvkdac:&awmhrSmvJ . . . 'Davmuf toufBuD;aewJh vkusLu a':av;vdkY tac:cH&wJhvl[m
toufb,favmuf jzpfEdkifrvJ . . . 'Dawmhiguvnf; bGm;bGm;vdkY ac:&awmhrSmaygh . . . }}
xdktcg rdef;uav;u wcpfcpf&,f . . . ]]tbdk;BuD;vkusL&JY q&mhq&mu uRefrtaz&Jhtudk&Sifh? uJ . . .
vkusLu uRefrudk b,fvdkac:rvJ}} [k vifh[lcsHK;tm; jyefar;vkduf\/
vihf[lcsHK;u pOf;pOf;pm;pm;jzifh ajzvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f . . . vkusLtaeeJY rif;udk a':av;vdkYbJ ac:&rSmyJ . . . olac:wm rrSm;bl;udk; . . . }}
rdef;uav;u &,farm&if; . . .
]]&Sifu vkusLeJY uRefr aygif;NyD; nmw,fvkdYajymwm &Sif;oGm;NyDr[kwfvm; . . . olu vdrfnmNyD;
a':av;vkdY ac:wmr[kwfbl; . . . toHk;tEIef;udku 'Dtwdkif;oHk;rS jzpfrSmrdkY a':av;vdkYac:&wm . . . uRefr
uvnf; olYa':av;[efaqmifzkdY bmtaMumif;rS r&SdwmbJ}} [k ajymonf/
vihf[lcsHK;u oufjyif;wcsufcsum . . .
]]igu . . . vnfrvdkvdkeJY odyftwJhaumif . . . tapmBuD;uwnf;u odzkdYaumif;w,f . . . }}
rdef;uav;u &,foHuav;jzifh . . . ]]bmodzdkYaumif;wmvJ . . . }} [k jyefar;onf/
]]rif;&JhtoHu b,favmufcsdKvGifovJ . . . em;xJudk pGJoGm;wmyJ . . . 'DavmurSm touf&Spfq,fausmfwJh
b,ftbGm;BuD; 'DtoHrsdK; b,fvdkxGufEdkifawmhrvJ . . . ewforD;av;&JY toHusaewmyJ . . . }}
rdef;uav;rSm rdrdtm; vihf[lcsHK;u pdwfvkdvuf& csD;usL;vkdufonfudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg rsufESmeDoGm;
awmh\/ &SufaoG;jzef;oGm;jcif; jzpfonf/ pdwfxJwGifvnf; yDwdjzpf MunfEl;oGm;awmh\/
olru ESpfNcdKufpGm&,farm&if; . . .
]]awmfygNyD awmfygNyD&Sif . . . tpfudkav; vifh[lcsHK;? bdk;bdk;vifh[lcsHK; . . . uJ . . . &Sifu uRefrudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
559
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vrf;wavQmufvHk; bGm;bGm;vdkYac:vmwm tck uRefrjyefac:vdkufawmh ausNyDaygh . . . r[kwfbl;vm; }} [k

ajymvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm w[m;[m;&,farmvsuf . . .
]]rif;u bGm;bGm; . . . igu bdk;bdk; . . . igwdkY bdk;bdk;bGm;bGm;qdkawmh . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm pum;ukd Twfaemufaemufajymwwfaom tavhtusifh&Sdonf/ olu ]igwdkY bdk;bdk;bGm;bGm;
tcspfyGm;Muwmayhg} [k ajym&ef pdwfu;l vdkufjcif;jzpf\/
odkYaomf rdef;uav;\ rsufESm a'goa&mifrsm; orf;vmonfudk awGYvdkuf&ojzifh olYpum;udk uref;
uwef; &yfypfvdkuf&onf/
rdef;uav;u pdwfqdk;oHESifh . . .
]]bdk;bkd;bGm;bGm;qdkawmh qdkNyD; bmqufajymrvdkYvJ . . . ajymjyprf;}} [k ar;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u &,fvsuf . . . ]]'Dvdkyg . . . igajymrSmu igwdkYu bdk;bdk;bGm;bGm;awG qkdawmh . . . qdkawmh .
. . odkif;avmurSm vlBuD;awGjzpfaeNyDvkdY qdkcsifwmyg . . .}}
rdef;uav;u vifh[lcsHK; olYpum;ukd avQmcsvdkufrSef;od\/ onfhxufydkvnf; qufrar;&J/ qufar;
ygu vifh[lcsHK;u aemufTwfTwfpum;rsm; qufajymaeygu rdrdomvQif t&Suf&ayvdrfhrnf/
rdef;uav;rSm vifh[lcsHK;\&ifcGix
f J rSDaeae&ojzifh tvGefyif tae&txdkif& usyfaeawmh\/ pdwfxJ
vnf; vIyf&Sm;aeonf/ &ifzkdae&ojzihf toufIyif rrSefcsifatmif jzpfvmonf/ vifh[lcsHK;\ &ifcGifxJrS
vl;vJxvdkufcsifaomfvnf; x&ef tiftm;vHk;0r&Sd/
olru rsufESmeDeDjzifh . . .
]]&Sifu bmai;aewmvJ . . . uRefrudk wcsufavmuf wGef;ay;vdkufyg}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
]]bmvkyfrvdYv
k J . . . }}
]]bmvkyf&rSmvJ . . . uRefrwdkYjzpfaewJhyHkpHudv
k nf; MunfhygOD; . . . b,fvkdvkyfNyD; vljrifaumif;EdkifawmhrSm
vJ . . . }}
]]bdk;bdk;eJY bGm;bGm;qdkawmh 'DyHkpHyJ jzpf&rSmayhg . . . r[kwfbl;vm; }} [k ajymvkdufawmh\/
rdef;uav;u EIwfcrf;uav;udk rJh . . .
]][if; . . . &Sifaemf . . . &Sif aemufwcg 'Dvkdajym&if uRefr&Sifhukd owfypfvkdufr,f }} [k Budrf;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm &ifxJ xdwfceJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ][l;yg;awmifukef;} xdyfodkY
a&muf&Sdvmaom atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;u olrukd awGY&rnfudk tvGefw&m aMumufvefYMuaMumif; owd&rd
aomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
olronf a&Smifvifbkef;awmfBuD;wyg;ukdyif tEdkifwdkufcJhao;onf r[kwfygavm / olr\ odkif;ynmrSm
toufi,faomfvnf; vGefpGm tqifhjrifhvsuf &SdaeacsNyD/ olr\ rdbrsm;u rnforl sm;ayenf;/
xdkrdef;uav;onf vifh[lcsHK;xHrS pum;jyefr&bJ Nidrfoufaeonfukd awGY&aomtcg . . .
]]bmvJ . . . pdwfqdk;jyefNyDvm;? a,mufsm;av;wa,mufvHk; vkyfaeNyD; pdwfxm;uvnf; Ekvdkufwm . . . }}
[k ajymawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]pdwfqdk;vdkY r[kwfygbl; . . . rif;uighudk owfr,fvdkY ajymvkdufawmh igu wu,faMumufoGm;vkYyd g . . .}}
rdef;uav;u &,f . . .
]]&Sif . . . uRefrukd pum;ajym&if pum;aumif;aumif;ajym . . . aemufTwfTwf avQmufajymae&ifawmh
owfrSmbJ . . . pum;aumif;aumif; ajymvsufom;eJYawmh b,folu owfrSmvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm oufjyif;cs&if; ajymvdkuf\/
]]tif; . . . igu arG;uwnf;u pum;udk wnfwnfwHhwHh ajymwwfcJhwJhol r[kwfbl; . . .
tckyHktwdkif;qdk&ifawmh ighZmwmxJrSm rif;owfvkdY ao&r,fvkdY a&;xm;NyDeJYwlw,f . . .}}
rdef;uav;u &,fum . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
560
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&Sif . . . tpu bGm;bGm;trSwfeJY qufqHwkef;u b,fvdkqufqHco

Jh vJ . . . tJ'Dvdk dkdkaoao
vdrfvdrfrmrm qufqHayhg}} [k ajymav\/
vihf[lcsHK;u acgif;cg,rf;jy&if; . . .
]]b,fjzpfrvJ . . . tck i,fi,fG,fG,f rdef;uav;wa,mufrSef; odaevsufom;eJY bGm;bGm;vdk
b,foabmxm;EdkifawmhrvJ . . . }} [k ajzvku
d fonf/
rdef;uav;u . . .
]]&Sif . . . &Sif }} [k ajym&mrS kwfw&uf rsufESmeDjref;oGm;um pum;ukd csufcsif;&yfypfvkdufawmhonf/
olru rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;ukd oGm;pOf;pm;rdonf roday/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm yef;aoG;Eka&mifxvsuf &SufpEdk;jzpfaeaom rsufESmudkawGY&aomtcg &ifxJ zdkceJjzpfoGm;NyD;
vIyf&Sm;vmawmhonf/ pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwfjzpfoGm;NyD; olr\yg;uav;udk TwfceJ erf;IHUvkdufawmh\/
rdef;uav;onf vifh[lcsHK;u odkYjyKvkyfrnf[k vHk;0rxifacs/ kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;NyD;rS &Sufa'gojzifh
vifh[lcsHK;\yg;udk ]jzef;} ceJ dkufcsvdkufawmhonf/ yg;dkufNyD;onfESifh csufcsif;yif ckefxvdkufawmh\/ odkYaomf
olr tm;jywfaeonfjzpf&m vifh[lcsHK;\ &ifcGifxJodkYyif jyefusoGm;awmh\/
xdktcg olr\wudk,fvHk; aysmhacGoGm;um vHk;0rvIyf&Sm;jyefawmhacs/ olru vihf[lcsHK; aemufxyf
twifh&Jrnfukd aMumuf . . .
]]&Sif . . . aemf . . . &Sif? aemufxyf 'Dvdk twifh&JMunhf . . . &Sifhukd csufcsif;owfypfr,f}} [k Ncdrf;ajcmuf
vkduf\/
vihf[lcsHK;u &,f&if; ajymvkdufonf/
]]rif;u ighukd owfypfr,fqdk&ifvnf; aumif;wmygyJ . . . iguvnf; oufqkd;&Snfr,hfolrS r[kwfwm . .
. 'gayr,fh tcktcsdefrSmawmh igvkyfcsifovkd vkyfrSmyJ . . . }}
rdef;uav;onf acsmufcsm;pGm atmfvkdufonf/
]]&Sif . . . &Sif . . .}}
odkYaomf olrtaejzifh rnfokdYrQ rwwfEdkif/ vIyfyifrvIyfEkdifbJ jzpfae&onf r[kwfygvm;/ xdkpOf vihf[lcsHK;
u olr\ycHk;udkudkifNyD; ukef;jrifhay:odkY wGef;wifvkdufNyD; olu ab;bufodkY vSdrfhcsvkduf\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf qdk;qdk;0g;0g; yHkysufyef;ysuf vJusae&mrS &,farm&if; . . .
]]uJ . . . rif;taeeJY ihgudk bmvkyfEdkifao;vkdYvJ . . .}}
oluajym&if; acsmif;w[Gwf[Gwf qdk;awmh\/ aoG;cJaoG;prsm;yg ygvmawmhonf/ vihf[lcsHK;rSm
pdwfoabmxm; yGifhvif;&Jwif;ol jzpf\/
rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh ywfouf tcGifhta&;rsm; &SmBuH&,lwwfol wd,odkuform; r[kwfay/ wdwfqdwf
Nidrfoufaeonfh awmBuD;twGif; Eke,fysdKrspfaom rdef;uav;ESihf yl;yl;uyfuyfaerdojzifh pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf
jzpfoGm;NyD; erf;rdvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/ odkYaomf ol\pdwfukd csufcsif; jyefxdef;vdkufEdkifonf/
xkdYaMumifh yg;pyfrS r[kwfwkwfpum;rsm; ajymaeaomfvnf; trSefpifppfwGif xdkrdef;uav;em;
yl;yl;uyfuyf rae&Jawmhacs/ xkdYaMumifh rdef;uav;ESifh vGwfuif;oGm;atmif vSdrhfcsvkdufjcif; jzpfawmh\/
rdef;uav;u vihf[lcsHK; kwfw&uf a&SmifxGufoGm;onfukd awGU&aomtcg tHhMooGm;onf/ xkdYjyif
vihf[lcsHK;taejzifh odkYa&SmifxGuf&ef ta&;twGuf &SdpkrJhpk olYtiftm;uav;rsm;udk xkwfoHk;vdkuf& aoG;p
aoG;cJrsm; tefaeonfukd awGU&aomtcg pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
odkYaomf t&SufESihf vlvkyf&aom rdef;uav;jzpfojzifh vifh[lcsHK;tm; rawmif;yefrd/ nifomaom avoHjzifh
vSrf;ar;vku
d fonf/
]]&Sif . . . &ifbwf odyfemaeovm;[if . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u rsufESmudkrJh ajymvdkufonf/
]]&ifbwfawmh remygbl; . . . wjcm;ae&mawmh emw,f}}
rdef;uav;u pdk;&drfylyefpGmjzifh . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
561
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]b,fae&mu emwmvJ . . .}} [k ar;vkdufawmh\/

vifh[lcsHK;u olrdkufcJhaomyg;udk yGwfjyum ajzvdkufonf/
]]'Dae&maygh . . . }}
]]tdk . . . uJuJ . . . uRefr vufvGefoGm;wm awmif;yefygw,f&Sif . . . auseyfNyDvm; . . . }}
]]rif; awmif;yefzkdY rvkdygbl;av . . . igu rSm;wmyg . . . bGm;bGm;uyJ cGifhvTwfyg . . . }}
rdef;uav;rSm vihf[lcsHK;u rdrdtm; bGm;bGm;[k ac:vdkufonfudk Mum;&aomtcg &,fvdkufrdawmh\/
olwdkYESpfa,mufrSm wa,mufrsufESm wa,mufMunfhNyD; awmifukef; qifajcavQmBuD;udk armhMunfhvkdufrdMu
onf/
ESpfa,mufpvHk; oufjyif;csrdawmh\/ ,cifh,ciftcsdefrsm;uqdkvQif awmifwef;qifajcavQmrsdK;udk
wcsufESpfcsufrQ ckefvkdufHkrQjzifh awmifukef;xdyfodkY a&mufoGm;EdkifMuonf/
,ckrlum; cgcsOfaumif rmefBuD;vdkY awmifBuD;NzdKr,fBuH cg;uroef [laomudef; qdkufaeMuawmh\/
olwdkYtzdkY awmifukef;i,fav; r[kwfawmh/ awmifBuD;wvHk;udk wuf&rnfuJhodkY cufcJaeMuawmhonf/
xkdpOf rdef;uav;u . . .
]]uJ . . . uGsefr pdwfwnfNidrfoGm;atmif orx xkdifvkdufOD;r,f . . . &Sif NidrfNidrfuav;aeaemf . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]aumif;w,f . . . xdkifav}} [k ajymvkdufonf/
olronf a&uefab; wifysOfacGxdkifvsuf twGif;tm;odkif;udk avhusifhaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm rnfonfh
tvkyfrQ r&Sdojzihf a&uefBuD;ukdom ai;aeawmh\/
xdkpOf ]tHk;tGrf . . . tHk;tGrf} ESihf zm;atmfoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ a&uefxJrS ckefwufvmaom
zm;BuD;waumifudkyif awGUvdkuf&\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm tvGefw&m 0rf;omoGm;\/ ol qmavmifaecJhonfrSm MumacsNyD/ ,ck onfzm;BuD;udk
awGU&aomtcg ydkyif qmavmifvSonf[k xifrSwfrdawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh zm;BuD;udk vSrf;zrf;vdkufawmhonf/
odkYaomf . . . zm;BuD;u vsifjrefpGm ckefxGufoGm;ojzifh rrdvdkuf/ vifh[lcsHK; vufvSrf;rrDonfhae&mrS
]tHk;tGrf . . . tHk;tGrf} ESihf atmfjyefawmhonf/ avSmifajymifoa&mfaeonfh yHkES,fwnf;/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm oufjyif;BuD;wcsuf csvkdufrdonf/ onfa&uefw0dkuf zm;BuD;rsm;rsm;jym;vSaomfvnf;
zm;BuD;rsm;tm; zrf;Edkif&ef olY tiftm;vHk;0r&Sdacs/
xdktckduf olYaemufbufrS vufwzufay:vmNyD; zm;waumifukd tomuav; zrf;vkdufonf/
xkdvufydkif&SifrSm tjcm;olr[kwf/ rdef;uav; jzpfawmhonf/ olronf orm"d&&Sd&ef orxxdkifNyD;onfESihf
tm;tifrsm;jynfh0vmum zm;ukd tvG,fwul zrf;EdkifcJhjcif; jzpfawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;u 0rf;omtm;& atmfvkdufonf/
]][efusNyDa[h . . . [efusNyD? igwdkY'DrSm zm;om;aumif;aumif; pm;&awmhrSmayhg . . . }}
rdef;uav;u NyHK;vkduf&if; zm;rsm;udk waumifNyD;waumif qufwdkufzrf;awmhonf/ rsm;rMumrD
zm;taumifESpfq,fcefY &&SdoGm;awmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]]awmfNyD awmfNyD . . . rif;u opfudkif;ajcmufawG oGm;&SmNyD; rD;arT; . . . igu 'Dzm;awGukd
aq;aMumoefYpifxm;r,f }}
rdef;uav;u opfudkif;rsm; oGm;&Sm\/ vifh[lcsHK;u "m;&SnfudkqGJxkwf zm;rsm;udk waumifNyD;waumif
cGJpdwfaq;aMumaeawmhonf/
rdef;uav;onf rD;arT;ae&if;rS &,fum . . .
]]tif; . . . vufpowfawmh emrnfBuD; odkif;q&mBuD; vifh[lcsHK;qdkwm zm;owfwJh vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;udk;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
562
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vihf[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; . . .
]]rvkyfygeJY . . . awmfMum ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;udk wDxGifvkdufwJh q&mBuD;u 'Dpum;udk
Mum;oGm;&if wrvGefb0uae ighudk usdefqJaeygOD;r,f}} [k ajymvkdufavawmh\/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;u . . .
]]tif; . . . &Sifh&JY ] {u&mZfudk;uGuf } "m;odkif;u odyfaumif;wmyJ . . . [dka&Smifvifbkef;awmfBuD;awmif
&Sifhudk rEdkifbl; . . . oluajymoGm;ao;w,f/ &Sifhudk 'D"m;okdif;oifay;oGm;wJh q&mBuD;u olY&JY aus;Zl;&Sif
qdkygvm; . . . tckZmwfaMumif;u b,fvkdvJ . . . }}
]]'gawmh igvnf; rodbl; . . . 'D"m;okdi;f oifay;wJh q&mBuD;u igwdkY0gqef;*dkPf;&JY 0gpOfBuD; q&mBuD;
wa,mufyJ}}
]]'Dq&mBuD;u "m;odkif; 'Davmufawmfaevsufom;eJY bmjzpfvkdY olYemrnfudk odkif;avmurSm rMum;&wmvJ
. . . taMumif;&Sdr,feJY wlw,f }}
]]'g . . . 'gudk ajymvkdYrjzpfbl; . . . igu 'Dq&mBuD;udk uwday;xm;cJh&w,f . . . olYtaMumif;udk
b,folrS rajymjyygbl;vkdY . . . }}
xdktcg rdef;uav;u oufjyif; wcsufcs&if; . . .
]][if; . . . 'gu bmrsm;qef;vdkYvJ . . . &Sifu ajymjycsifygw,fqdkawmif uGsefru em;raxmifygbl; . . .
uGsefr b,folqdkwmaumm &Sifod&JYvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u acgif;cgjy&if; . . .
]]b,fodrvJ . . . rif;&JYemrnfudkawmif igrodygbl;}} [k ajzvkduf\/
]]&Sifu . . . [dkudpudkawmifajymrjyawmh uRefruvnf; uRefrtaMumif; &Sifhudk b,fajymjyawmhrvJ . . .}}
]]igrodayr,fh cefYrSef;vdkuf&ifawmh odEdkifygw,fav }}
rdef;uav;rSm csufcsif; rsufESmysufoGm;awmhonf/
]]&Sif . . . &Sifu cefYrSef;Edkifw,f [kwfvm; . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ,Jh,Jhav; wcsufNyHK;jyvdkufNyD; . . .
]]tif; . . . odEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ckcsufcsif;awmh r[kwfao;bl; . . . nus&ifawmh aumif;aumif;
odEdkifygw,f . . . }}
rdef;uav;u ydkrdktHhMooGm;um . . .
]]nus&if? bmjzpfvdkY nusrS ydkNyD;aumif;aumif; odEdkif&wmvJ }} [k jyefar;vdkufrd\/
xdktcg vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]'Dvdkav . . . na&mufwJhtcgusawmh teufa&mifurvmBuD;ay:rSm pdefawGjzefYBuJovdk aumif;uifBuD;rSm
Mu,fawG vif;vufvmvdrfhr,f . . . tJh'DMu,fawGxJrSm b,fMu,faysmufaeovJqdkwm &SmMunfhvdkufr,f . . .
tJ'Dtcgusawmh rif;[m b,fMu,fxJu qif;vmwJh ewfrdr,fuav;qdkwm odEdkifawmhwmayhg . . . rif;u
ewforD;av;wa,mufvdk vSaewmyJ . . . 'Durmuvlawmh b,fjzpfEdkifrvJ . . . }}
rdef;uav;u ]oGm;} [k &SufpEdk; atmf[pfrdawmhonf/ rsufESmvnf; &JceJ &SufaoG;jzef;oGm;onf/
odkYaomfolYpdwfxJwGifrl vGefpGmMunfEl;ESpfodrfhoGm;\/
olru . . .
]]&Sifaemf . . . bmawG avQmufajymaejyefNyDvJ . . . }}
olru vifh[lcsHK;tm; pum;qufrajymawmhyJ rD;rsm; &J&JawmufpjyKvmNyDjzpf oefYpifaq;aMumNyD;aom
zm;rsm;udk opfudkif;wckwGif oDwHxdk;vdkufum rD;uifaeawmhonf/ zm;BuD;rsm;rSm BuD;rm;qlNzdK;vSojzifh
tqDrsm; wpufpuf,dkusum rD;xJodkY ]&SJ} ceJ ]&SJ} ceJ usaeawmhonf/
olru rD;yHx
k JrS waiGUaiGUwufvmaom taiGUrsm;udk Munfh&if; wdk;nif;aomavoHjzifh . . .
]]uRefremrnfu ]vif;vif;}wJh . . . uRefruom ajymaewm . . . &Sifu rSwfrS rSwfxm;yghrvm;
rodbl;}} [k pum;pvkduf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
563
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]] 'Demrnfuav;u wu,fvSwmyJ . . . rif;&Jhemrnf . . . ]vif;vif;} rSef;od&if 'DemrnfyJ ac:rSmayhg . .
. b,fhES,f bGm;bGm;vdkY ac:awmhrSmvJ . . . }}
vif;vif;u wcsufNyHK;vdkufNyD; csufcsif; rsufESmjyefwnfoGm;um . . .
]]uRefremrnfudk vla&SUola&SUrSm rac:&bl;aemf}}
vifh[lcsHK;u wtHhwMojzifh . . . ][if . . . bmjzpfvdkYvJ} [k jyefar;vdkuf\/
]]tdk . . . rac:eJYqdk rac:eJYayhg . . . }}
]]tif; . . . rif;&Jhpdwfu trsdK;rsdK;yJ . . . awmfMumwrsdK; tckwrsdK;eJY . . . 'Dvdkqkd b,folu rif;&Jh . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK; pum;rqHk;rDrSmyif vif;vif;\rsufESm a'go\a&SUajy; t&dyftaiGUrsm;udk awGUvm&ojzifh
olYpum;ukd csufcsif;&yfvkduf&onf/ vif;vif;u a'gooHuav;jzifh ][if;} ceJ a&Gwfvdkufum tHBudwfjy
vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u &,f . . .
]]rif;u bmjzpfvdkY pdwfqdk;&jyefwmvJ . . . pum;vnf; qHk;atmif em;raxmifbl; . . . igajymrSmu wrsdK; .
. . 'Dvdkqdk b,folu rif;&JYwynfh vkyfcsifawmhrSmvJvdkY ajymrvdkYyg . . . rif;&JYwynfhvkyf&ifawmh
awmfawmfuav; 'kucH&rSmyJvdkY ajymrvdkYyg . . . }}
pifppf vifh[lcsHK; ajymonfhpum;rSm ]b,folu rif;&Jh a,mufsm;vkyfcsifawmhrSmvJ . . .} [lonfh
pum;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf tajctae r[efrSef;odojzifh apmapmpD;pD;u pum;udk avQmcsvdkufjcif;jzpf\/
vif;vif;uvnf; vihf[lcsHK; pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;vdkufrSef;odonf/ xkdYaMumifh olru . . .
]]&Sifu odyfcufwmyJ . . . pum;ajym&ifvnf; b,fawmhrS wnfwnfwHhwHhr&Sdb;l . . . pum;oHk;cGef;
ajym&if ESpfcGef;avmufu tajymiftysuf tTwftaemufawG jzpfaew,f . . . uRefr? uRefru . . . uRefr&JY
emrnfukd vla&SUola&SU rac:ygeJYqdkwmu trdefYay;wm r[kwfygbl; . . . twif;tusyf ckdif;wmr[kwfygbl; . .
. uGsefr&JYpum;ukd em;axmifcsif em;axmif? em;raxmif&ifvnf; aeaygh . . . &SifhoabmyJ . . . }}
]]igu rif;&Jhpum;ukd em;axmifcsifygw,f . . . }}
onfpum;rSmvnf; aemufajymifovkd jzpfoGm;jyefonf/ vif;vif;onf kwfw&uf pdwfqdk;oGm;&mrS
xdkpum;\ tjcm;t"dym,fwckudk pOf;pm;rdvdkufaomtcg &SufaoG;wufoGm;NyD; wbufodkY vSnfhoGm;awmh\/
ESpfa,mufpvHk; pum;rajymrdMuawmhyJ NidrfoufwdwfqdwfaeMuonf/ twefMumaomtcg wl;eHY&ojzifh
vif;vif;u vSrf;atmf&if; rD;zdkodkY vSrf;MunfhvdkufMuonf/ zm;om;rsm;ukd rD;wl;oGm;jcif;aywnf;/
vif;vif;u pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;jzifh . . .
]]tJ'g &Sifraumif;vdkY jzpf&wm . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rajymbJ zm;om;rsm;ukd rD;vGwf&modYk csvdkufNyD; tm;&yg;& jzKwf,l
pm;aomufawmhonf/
]]'grS aumif;wm . . . csdKwJht&omxJrSm cg;wJht&omuav; ygaew,f . . . 'grS csdKcg;av; . . . }}
vif;vif;u ol\pum;aMumifh &,frdoGm;\/ olruvnf; zm;uifrsm;udk ,lpm;vkdufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u
vif;vif;tm; Smonf/ rD;wl;aom tom;rsm;udkom aG;pm;NyD; tom;aumif;rsm;udk vif;vif;tm;
urf;ay;onf/ tm;&yg;& pm;aomufNyD;aomtcg rsufcGHrsm; av;vHvmMuNyD; ESpfa,mufpvHk;
tdyfaysmfoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdkpOf vihf[lcsHK; tdyfrufrufawmh\/ tdyfrufxJwGif vihf[lcsHK;rSm *dkPf;wlnDrav; vdefvdefESifh "m;odkif;
usifhaeMu\/ xkdtcdkuf vifrdefusuf kwfw&uf a&muf&SdvmNyD; rdrdtm; wdkufckdufawmhonf/ rdrdu
]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} jzifh wdkufcdkuf&ef BuHG,fvkduf\/ odkYaomf "m;uGufrsm;udk wuGufrQrrSwfrdawmhyJ
'kutBuD;tus,f a&mufae&awmhonf/ xdkpOf vifrdefusufu rdrdtm; pwifxkd;ckwfawmhonf/ vdefvdefum;
rdrd\ rIrvSHI;edrfhaeyHkudkMunfh&if; w[m;[m; &,farmaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf xdwfvnf;xdwfvefY a'govnf;xGufvmojzifh . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
564
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nDrav; . . . nDrav; }} [k acsmufcsm;pGm atmf[pfvkdufawmhonf/ atmfvdkufrdonfESifh csufcsif;

vefYEdk;vmavawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;udk vufjzifhoyfcsvkduf&onf/
xkdpOf csdKvGifat;jraom toHuav;u . . .
]]&SiftdyfrufxJrSm &Sifh&Jh *dkPf;wlnDrav;udk rufaew,fxifw,f . . . }}
xdktoHuav;ukd Mum;vdkuf&aomtcgrS rdrdtdyfrufrufaeaMumif; pdwfcs,HkMunfoGm;NyD; oufjyif;
csEdkifawmhonf/
olu w[m;[m;&,fum pum;ajymvkdufrnf jyifpOfrSmyif vif;vif;u ol\yg;pyfudk kwfw&uf
vSrf;ydwfvkdufawmh\/ NyD;rS toHwdk;wkd;jzifh . . . ]]vloH Mum;&w,f . . . }} [k ajymvkduf\/
rsm;rMumrDyif ajcoHrsm; Mum;&awmhonf/ twefMumaomtcgrS vlwa,muf\ pum;ajymoHukd
Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]usLcsef; . . . usd[k . . . tck igwdkY b,foGm;MurvJ}}
pum;ukd ajymvdkufolrSm avmifxdkjzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsHK; aumif;aumif;odonf/ ]usd[l} rSm ol\
*dkPf;wl tpfudkBuD; jzpf[efwl\/
xdkpOf usLcsef;u . . . ]]igwdkY . . . }}
kwfw&uf pum;jywfoGm;NyD;rS . . .
]][if . . . 'DrSm aq;vHk;wvHk;ygvm; . . . }}
usd[lu aumuf,l aoaocsmcsm Munfhvkduf\/ ]]'gu a&Smifvif*P
dk f;&Jh tzdk;wefaq;vHk;yJ . . . 'gu
'PfaMuaq; . . . odyftpGrf;xufwJh aq;uG . . . }}
usLcsef;u . . .
]]'gqdk avmifxu
kdY kday;vkduf . . . olYorD;udk ukvdkY&wmayhg? raumif;bl;vm; . . . }}
avmifxkdu . . .
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,fuGm . . . 'gayr,fh ighorD;twGufu 'Davmufta&;rBuD;ygbl;/ vifh[lcsHK;udk tjrefqHk;
awGUatmif&SmNyD; 'Daq;vHk;udk aomufckdif;vkdufr,f . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xkdvlrsm;\ apwemukd Mum;odvkduf&aomtcg &ifxJ a0'emw&yf cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/
vif;vif;u olt
Y m; wcsufNyHK;Munfh&if; ajymifjyvkduf\/
xkdpOf avmifxdw
k dkY oHk;a,muf xdkifcsvdkufoHukd vifh[lcsHK;wdkY Mum;vdkufMu&\/
avmifxkdu . . .
]]tck avmavmq,f jyemwckudk ajz&Sif;Mu&r,f}}
usd[ku jyefar;vdkuf\/ ]]bmjyemvJuG . . . }}
avmifxdku . . .
]]ckcsdefavmufqdk&if vihf[lcsHK;u aerif;orD;awmfuav;eJY twlwl&SdaerSmyJ/ igwkdYu 'Daq;vHk;ukd oGm;ay;
&if oleJUusdef;aowdk;rSmyJ/ tJ'gqdk&if olu igwdkYukd pdwfqdk;NyD; owfcsifowfrSm . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u vif;vif;ukd wcsufMunfhvdkufNyD; pdwfxJwGif awG;aerd\/
]]tif; . . . olwdkYu olYudk aerif;orD;awmfvYdk ac:MuwmyJukd;/ aemufNyD; olYudkvnf; aoravmuf
aMumufaeMuwmyJ . . . }}
usd[kxHrS pum;oH rMum;&acs/ oHk;a,mufpvHk; NidrfoufpGm xdkif pOf;pm;aeonf/ twefMumrS
usLcsef;u oufjyif;cs&if; . . .
]]vihf[lcsHK;&Jh a&m*gjrefjrefaysmufNyD; 'Daerif;orD;awmfuav;eJY jrefjrefvufqufoGm;ygapvdkY qkawmif;
&awmhrSmyJ/ olwdkYESpfa,muf tdrfaxmifrusrjcif; igwkdYvnf; at;at;aq;aq; ae&rSmr[kwfbl; }} [k
ajymvdkufawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm xdwfvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;NyD; vif;vif;udk wcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ vif;vif;\ rsufESmrSm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
565
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
eD&Jvsuf &SdaeavNyD/
rsufvHk;rsm;onfvnf; . . . a'goaMumifh wvufvuf awmufyvsuf &SdaeacsNyD/
vihf[lcsHK;onf vif;vif;wa,muf ckefxGufoGm;NyD; avmifxkdwdkYoHk;a,mufudk owfypfrnfpdk;&drfojzifh
olr\ vufuav;udk qkyfukdifxm;rd\/
olr\ wudk,fvHk; wkef,ifaeonfukd vihf[lcsHK; owdjyKvdkufrd\/ &Sufa'go xGufaejcif;om jzpfayvdrfh
rnf/
]][lyg;awmifukef;xdyfrSm q&mav;vifh[lcsHK;ukd BudKqdkEIwfqufyGJvyk fwmudk aerif;orD;awmfav;u odyf
a'goxGufoGm;w,fwJh . . . awmfawmfcufwmyJ/ wu,fawmh a,mufsm;eJYrdef;r cspfBudKufw,fqdkwm obm0yJ
. . . 'gu bmrSrqef;ygbl;/ q&mav; vifh[lcsHK;vdk kyfacsmwJhvlwa,mufeJY igwdkY&Jh aerif;orD;awmfav;vdk
rdef;uav;eJYrS vdkufzufwmayhg . . . igwdkY&JY aerif;orD;awmfav;[m b,favmufxufxufjrufjruf&SdovJ . .
. tck 'DudprSmawmh bmjzpfvdkY omrefrdef;uav;wa,mufvdk &SufGHUGHUjzpfae&wmvJ rodbl; . . . olu
q&mav;vifh[lcsHK;udk oabmusaevsufom;eJY olrsm;u 'Dudpajym&if bmjzpfvdkY rBudKuf&wmvJ rodbl; . . .
olrsm;jrifwmvnf; rBudKufjyefbl; . . . tJ'gu wrsdK;BuD; jzpfaewmaygh . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]'Dusd[k ajymwm [kwfrsm; [kwfaervm; rodbl;}}
xdkpOf vif;vif;onf vihf[lcsHK;\vufrS olr\vufudk qGJxkwfkef;uefvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u rvTwfbJ
twif;qkyfudkifxm;onf/ olr vGwfxGufoGm;ygu xdkoloHk;a,mufukd owfypfrnfpdk;aomaMumifh jzpf\/
xdktcg usLcsef;u qufajymonf/
]]aerif;orD;awmfav;u r[l&mawmifukef;uvlqdkawmh odkif;ynmuvnf;aumif; . . . tbufbuf
uvnf; awmfw,f . . . 'gayr,hf olu a,mufsm;qdk ,ifzkdawmif roef;cJhwJh rdef;uav;qdkawmh olBudKufwJh
a,mufsm;uav; awGYayr,fh b,fwdwdvif;vif; xkwfajym&JrvJ . . . &Sufwmayhg . . . 'Dwcg igwdkY rsufESmvkd
rsufESm&vkyfwm rSm;oGm;w,f . . . tif;av . . . wdkYvdk wdkufvdkufckdufvdkuf owfvdkufjzwfvdkuf vkyfaewJh
vlBurf;BuD;awGu 'grsdK; b,fem;vnfyghrvJ . . .}}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm ,ckrS aumif;pGm oabmaygufvmawmhonf/ vrf;c&D;wavQmufvHk; odkif;orm;rsdK;pHku
rdrdtm; vufaqmifyPmrsm;ay;jcif;? aq;0g;ukoa&;twGuf pDpOfay;jcif;ESihf [lyg;awmifukef;xdyf
{nfhcHyGJBuD;wck qif,ifusif;yay;jcif;wdkYrSm 'D ]vif;vif;} ac: aerif;orD;awmfuav;aMumifhomjzpfaMumif;
oabmayguf em;vnfvmonf/
[lyg;awmifukef;xdyf odkif;orm;aygif;pHk kwfw&uf MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;Mujcif;rSm
vlolrodapcsifaom vif;vif;\qEudk em;rvnfbJ [dk;av;wausmfausmf jzpfoGm;atmif vkyfcJhrdMuonfh
olwdkYtjypftwGuf tjypf'Pfay;rnfudk pdk;&drfaomaMumifhyif jzpfawmh\/
odkYaomf vif;vif;u olYtay: qef;jym;aom pdwfxm;rsdK; xm;vdrfhrnf[k r,HkMunf/ vif;vif;ESifh oleSihf
pwifawGUqHkMuonfrSm 0g;HkawmwGifjzpf tcsdefMumjrifhpGm &if;ESD;cifrifcJhMujcif; r[kwfay/
xdktcdkuf vif;vif;\toH kwfw&uf ay:vmawmhonf/
]]at; . . . rif;wdkYoHk;a,muf 'Dae&mu jrefjrefxGufoGm;Muprf; . . . r[kwfw,kwfawG xdkifajymaewJh
twGuf a'gojzpfNyD; igowfrdawmhr,f . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;rSm vif;vif;u pum;vSrf;ajymvdrfrh nf[k vHk;0rarQmfvifhbJ aerd&mrS odkY pum;oH xGufvm
aomtcg vefYoGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh olr\vufuav;ukd twif;qkyfudkifxm;rdawmhonf/
usLcsef;wdkY oHk;a,muf\ xdwfvefYrIum; qdkzG,f&mr&Sdawmhacs/ ao'PfESifh vufwvHk;jcm;rQom
uGmvsuf&SdaeavNyD/ avmifxdku acsmufcsm;aom avoHjzifh ajymvdu
k fonf/
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh? uRefawmf . . . uRefawmfwdkY }}
aMumufvefYvGef;ojzifh pum;udk qHk;atmif rajymEdkifawmhacs/ xpfxpfaighaighjzifh &yfwefYaeawmh\/
xkdtcg usLcsef;u ]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh/ uGsefawmfwdkY aygufwwfu&pum;awG avQmufajymaerdvdkY 'DaeYupNyD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
566
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkif;avmuxJ r0ifawmhygbl; . . . }}
vif;vif;u jzwf . . .
]]b,folu rif;wdkYukd odkif;avmuxJuae xGufcdkif;vdkYvJ . . . tck igu rif;wdkYudk vlwa,mufudk
oGm;owfckdi;f r,f . . . tJh'Dvludk tck ig&SmvdkYrawGUao;bl; . . . tck igowfckdif;vdkufwJh owif;ukd rif;wdkY
odkif;avmuxJ jzefYvdkufMuprf; . . . 'Dvludk owfEkdifzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f . . . igu qkaiGaumif;aumif;ay;r,f
qdkwmyg aMumnmvkduf . . .}}
usLcsef;u 0rf;omtm;&avoHjzihf . . .
]][kwfuJhcifAsm . . . aerif;orD;awmfav; ckdif;wmudk uRefawmfwdkYu . . . rjzpfjzpfatmif aqmifGufay;ygh
r,f . . . uRefawmfwkdY owf&r,fh vlq;dk &JY emrnfudkom ajymyg . . . }}
vif;vif;u . . .
]]'Dvl&JY emrnfu vifh[lcsHK;yJ . . . 0gqef;*dkPf;uvl . . . }}
xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom usLcsef;wdkYoHk;a,mufrSm xdwfvefYwkev
f IyfoGm;Muawmh\/ rnfolurQ
cGef;wHkYjyef rar;&JMuawmhay/
avmifxkdu wkefwkef,if,ifjzifh . . .
]]'g . . . 'g . . . }}
olYpum;yif qHk;atmif em;raxmifawmh/ vifvif;u atmfaigufvdkuf\/
]]'gawG bmawG vkyfraeeJY . . . igcdkif;wmudk tjrefqHk;vkyf? tJ'Dvludk tjrefqHk;owf . . . tckcsufcsif;
oGm;Mu . . . 'Dowif;ukdvnf; csufcsif;jzefYvkdufMu . . . }}
usLcsef;wdkYrSm vHk;0 pum;rajymEdkifMuawmh/ xdkae&mrS csufcsif;yif xGufcGmoGm;Mu&awmh\ . . . /
vihf[lcsHK;udk owf&ef wm0efBuD;onf olwdkYESifhtwl yg&SdoGm;avNyD/
olwdkYoHk;a,muf xGufoGm;&modkY vifh[lcsHK;ai; Munfhaevdkufrdonf/ NyD;rS ]vif;vif;} tm; vSnfhMunfh
vdkuf\/ olru acgif;iHkY pOf;pm;aeonf/ rnfonfht&mrsm;ukd pOf;pm;aerSef; vifh[lcsHK; rcefYrSef;Edkifacs/
]]tif; . . . tckvdk owfcdkif;wmuawmh olYodum rusapcsifvdkYyJ . . . 'gu bmrsm;cufwmrSwfvkdY }} [k
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kd fygvm; . . . b,hfES,f &Snf&Snfa0;a0; olrsm;awG
avQmufowfcdkif;aewmvJ . . . }}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzihf ol\ "m;&Snfukd qGJxkwfum "m;dk;ukd vif;vif;tm; urf;ay;vdkuf\/ vif;vif;u
"m;dk;ukd qkyfudkifvdkufonf/ NyD;rS vifh[lcsHK;udk aocsmpGm pdkufMunfhvkduf\/ vifh[lcsHK;url ol\&ifbwfukd
aumhay;xm;&if; w[m;[m; &,faerdawmhonf/
vif;vif;u atmfvdkuf\/ ]]&Sifu ao&rSmrsm; bmjzpfvkdY 'Davmuf&,fae&wmvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u . . .
]]ao&rSmrdkY &,fwmaygh . . . }}
vif;vif;u "m;ESifhxdk;&ef [efjyifvkdufNyD;rS kwfw&uf "m;ukdta0;odkY vTifhypfvkdufavawmh\/ olronf
ajcuav;udk aqmifh idkrJhrJhESifh ajymawmh\/
]]&Sifraumif;vdkY odvm;/ &SifhaMumifh tck odkif;avmuu vlawGu &,faeMuNyD/ uRefr woufvkH;
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rsufESmudk "m;eJY vSD;ypfzkdYyJ aumif;awmhw,f/ rdef;uav;wa,muftaeeJY b,favmuf&SufzdkYaumif;ovJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u olr ajymaeyHkuav;rSm cspfp&mvnf;aumif;? &,fp&mvnf; aumif;aeojzifh w[m;[m;
&,fvdkufrdawmh\/ xdktcg vif;vif;u a'goxGufvmNyD; . . .
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
567
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
idkawmh\/ vif;vif;idkrnfqdkvnf; idkavmufayonf/

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r&dyfrd? rod&Sdapvdkay/ odkYaomf oljzpfapcsifonhftwdkif; rjzpfonfhtjyif olr\odumukd twHk;vdkuftwpfvdkuf
usaprnfhpum;rsm; ,ckyif em;ESihfqwfqwf Mum;vkduf&NyD r[kwfvm;/
olr csHK;yGJcsidkaomtcg vihf[lcsHK;rSm pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif awG;aevdkufonf/
]]olu olwdkYodkif;tzGJYxJrSm tifrwef*kPfodum&SdwJh rdef;uav;wa,mufyJ/ olYudk vlwdkif;vdkvkdu dkao
aMumufGHUMuw,f/ tJ'Dvdk txifBuD; tdktaocHae&muaeNyD; a,mufsm;uav;wa,mufudk tl;trl;
vkdufBudKufaewJh oabmrsdK; tajymcH&awmh pdwfvnf;qkd;? &Sufvnf;&Suf &SmrSmayhgav/ tck . . . olu ighukd
owfzdkY usLcsef;wdkYuwqifh trdefYay;vdkufNyD/ oleJY igtwl &Sdraebl;qdkwJh oabmudk jyvdkufwmyJ . . . }}
odkYawG;rdvdu
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'Davmufus&if b,faumif;awmhrvJ/ pdwfqkd;r,fqdkvnf; pdwfqdk;p&mygyJ/ uJ . . . igoGm;awmhr,f . . . }} [k
ajymum qifajcavQm awmifukef;ay:odkY wuf&ef ajcvSrf;jyifvkdufawmh\/
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awmhygbl;}}
vihf[lcsHK;u awmifukef;ay:odkY pwufawmh\/ vif;vif;u tavmwBuD; vSrf;wm;vkduf\/
]][ifhtif; . . . &Sif roGm;&bl; . . . }}
olronf ajymajymqdkqdkESihf vifh[lcsHK;em;odkY ajy;uyfvmonf/ vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
]]bmjzpfvkdY roGm;&rSmvJ . . . }}
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av; jzefYxm;NyD;avmufNyD/ &Sif uRefrvlawGtaMumif; odyfrodao;bl;/ uRefru aoqdkao? &Sifqdk&SifyJ/ &Sihfudk
awGU&mocsKif; "m;rqdkif; owfMuawmhrSm . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;u ajrBuD;ay:wGif usaeaom"m;ukd aumuf,l qufavQmufjyefawmhonf/
vif;vif;u a'gowBuD;jzifh atmfvdkuf\/
]]vifh[lcsHK; . . . &Sif uRefrpum;ukd em;raxmifbl;vm;/ roGm;eJYqdk vHk;0roGm;eJY . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm ol\ajcvSrf;rsm;udk &yfvdkuf\/ em;rvnfEdkifpGmjzifh vif;vif;tm; jyefai;Munfhaeonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefdk;om;oljzpf vif;vif;u olYtay: xm;&Sdonfh pdwf"mwfukd vHk;0r&dyfpm;rday/
xkdYjyif rdef;uav;odumusaprnfh tawG;rsdK;udkvnf; vHk;0 awG;awmavh r&SdaomaMumifhvnf; waMumif;
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vifh[lcsHK;u wtHhwMojzifh jyefar;onf/
]]bm . . . bmoabmvJ . . . }}
vif;vif;u tHudkBudwf EIwfcrf;uav;udk udkufum . . .
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kY dk [dkowif;jzefYcdkif;vdkufwmu wu,fawmh &Sif uRefrtem;rSm
woufvHk; &SdaeapcsifvkdYyJ/ &SifuRefrtem;u rcGmapcsifvkdYyJ . . . }} [k rsufpdrSdwf ajymcsvdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
568
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpum;qHk;oGm;onfESihf olr\ wukd,fvHk; wqwfqwf wkefae&Smonf/ rwfwwf&yfae&mrS NydKvJ

usoGm;awmhrwwf jzpfae&Smawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm tvGefyif pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/
]]aMomf . . . olu igwckckjzpfoGm;rSm wu,fpdk;&drfae&SmwmyJ . . . ightay: wu,farwm&Sdaewmudk; . . .
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xifyg&Jhav . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;onf vif;vif;bufodkY jyefvSnfhvdkufonf/ olr\ vufuav;ESpfzufudk vSrf; qkyfudkifvkduf
onf/ olr\ vufESpfzufrSm at;pufae\/
vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
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vif;vif;u . . . ]] uRefr aMumufw,f . . . }}
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reufjzefqdk [dw
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vihf[lcsHK;u . . .
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vif;vif;onf vihf[lcsHK;\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk aoaocsmcsm Munfhae&mrS olray;xm;onfh ypnf;udk tvGef
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
569
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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vif;vif;u kwfw&uf vSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsHK;u olrtm; ai;armMunfhaeonfukd
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
570
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;uvnf; vihf[lcsHK;u olr pdwfqif;&Jrnfpdk; [efaqmif&,farmaerSef; aumif;aumif;odonf/

vifh[lcsHK;\ rsufjriftajctaet& tcsdefraG; toufxGufoGm;Edkifonfukdvnf; odaerdonf/ xdkYaMumifh
twwfEdkifqHk; jyKpk,k,onf/
vihf[lcsHK;rSm tdyfpufae&if;rS em;xJwGif idkdIufoHvdkvdk Mum;ae&ojzifh rsufvHk;rsm; zGifhMunfhvdkufro
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oabmaygufonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
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vifh[lcsHK;onf vif;vif;\ qHyifuav;rsm;udk yGwfoyf ESpfodrfhvdkufonf/ vif;vif;rSm vifh[lcsHK;
Edk;aeNyDukd odoGm;ojzifh csHK;yGJcsidkawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u tm;wif; NyHK;vkdufNyD; . . .
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vif;vif;u idkdIufoHuav;jzifh . . .
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rnfrQ tcsdefMumoGm;onf roday/ oleY m;xJ toHwoH pwifMum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
]]aor,f &Sifr,fvkdYawmh twdtus rajymEdkifbl; . . . olY&JYuHyJ . . .}}
vihf[lcsHK;rSm olYwukd,fvHk; rD;zdkBuD;wckxJ usa&mufaeouJhodkY ylylavmifavmif a0'emBuD; cHpm;aevdkuf&
onf/ ol\ rsufpdrsm;ukdzGifh xkdpum;ajymolukd Munfhcsif\/ odkYaomf rsufcGHrsm;rSm av;vHvSojzifh vHk;0
rzGifhEdkifbJ jzpfae&onf/
xkdpOf aemufwa,mufu . . .
]]igwdkYtaeeJY twwfEdkifqHk; BudK;pm;&rSmyJ . . . igwdkYu uwday;xm;cJhNyD r[kwfvm; . . . ukd,fhuwdukd
wnfatmif BudK;pm;ukoay;&awmhrSmyJ . . . }}
xdkpOf olYukd,fxJodkY ylaEG;aom tm;vdIif;ESpfck wdk;0ifvmonf/ xdktm;vdIif;ESpfcku olYukd,fxJwGi&f Sdaom
tm;vIdif;rsm;ESihf wdk;a0SYwdkufckdufaeMuawmh\/ tvGeftcH&cufaom a0'emukd vifh[lcsHK; cHpm;ae&ayNyD/
xkda0'em jyif;xefvSojzihf b0*fqHk;onftxd atmf[pfvdkufcsifrd\/ odkYaomf atmfoHu vHHk;0xGufrvm/
olYtzdkY i&Jjynfukd t&Sifvwfvwf usa&mufaeonfh tvm;yifwnf;/
jyef owdarhomG ;jyefawmhonf/
vihf[lcsHK;wa,muf rnfrQ tcsdefMumonftxd arhajrmoGm;rnfudk rnfolrQ rcefYrSef;EdkifMuawmhay/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
571
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0gqef;*dkPf;rS txkwfcH&jcif;
vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf uHaumif;axmufrpGmjzifh ,aeYowd&vmawmhonf/
]]q&mBuD;udk aus;Zl;odyf . . . odyfNyD;wifygw,f . . . uRefawmf b,fudk a&mufaewmvJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\rsufvHk;rsm;udk jznf;nif;pGm zGifhMunfhvdkuf\/ *kPmjynfh0pGmjzifh rdrdtm; MuifempGm
MunfhaeaomrsufESmudk jrifawGU&awmhonf/ xdkrsufESmudk kwfw&uf rrSwfrdacs/ taotcsm pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf
MunfhvdkufaomtcgrS xdkrsufESmudk jrifzl;aMumif; owd&vdkufrd\/ [kwfNyD . . . xdkrsufESmrSm a&Smifvif
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;\ rsufESmaywnf;/
vifh[lcsKH; wtHhwMojzpfoGm;NyD; vIdufvJ0S rf;omaomavoHjzifh . . .
]]q . . . q&mawmfBuD;ygvm; . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD;u ESpfvdkpGmNyHK;&if; . . .
]]tif; . . . rif; ighudk rSwfrdom;yJ . . . a0'em odyfcHpm;xm;&awmh rSwfrdcsifrS rSwfrdr,fvdkY igu xifae
wm... ig zef;qef;yJ . . . }}
xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm rdrd\ ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfvdkufawmhonf/ rdrdrSm . . . bkef;BuD;rsm;aeonfh
tcef;wpfckxJ a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awGU&Sdvdkuf&awmhonf/
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;u . . .
]]rif; tck b,fhES,faeao;ovJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsKH;u...
]]wynfhawmf trsm;BuD; oufomoGm;ygNyD bk&m; . . . tckwynfhawmf b,fudka&mufaew,fqdkwm
odyg&apbk&m; . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;u . . .
]]a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;xJrSmav . . . }}
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u qufajymonf/
]]rif; 'Dudk a&mufvmwJhtcsdefu pNyD; 'DuaeY yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf pum;pajymjcif;yJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;oGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh tmar!dwfoHjzifh ar;jref;vdkufrd
onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
572
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif; . . . vif;vif;aum wynfah wmfuaum b,fvdk 'Dukd a&mufvm&wmvJ . . . }}

bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u at;csrf;aomtoHjzifh . . .
]]'Dudpudk aemufrS at;at;aq;aq; ajymMuwmaygh . . . rif;om at;at;oufom tem;,lygOD;}} [k
ajymavawmh\/
odkYjzifh aemufxyf q,f&ufcefYMumaomcg vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf . . . vrf;avQmufEkdifonftxd
tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmawmh\/
olu vif;vif;taMumif; ar;jref;aomfvnf; bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u vHk;0rajzacs/ wpfaeY
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; twGif;tm;jzifh ukoay;tNyD;wGif . . .
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . tckavmavmq,fawmh rif;&JU toufudk u,fvdkufEdkifNyD . . . 'gayr,fh rif;&JU udk,fxJ
u twGif;tm;vIdi;f awGudkawmh igu racszsufEkid fbl; . . . tJ'DtwGif;tm;vIdif;awGudk racszsufEkdifrcsif;
rif;twGuf b,fvdkrS pdwfrcs&bl;? tvGefqHk; wpfESpfavmuftxdyJ vlaumif;vdk aevdkY&r,f . . . twGif;tm;
uawmh vHk;0xkwfvdkY&rSm r[kwfbl; . . . wpfESpfavmufMum&ifawmh 'Da&m*ga[mif;u jyefxvmrSm tao
tcsmyJ . . . tJ'Dtcgus&ifawmh rif;udk b,folrS u,fEkdifrSm r[kwfbl; . . .}} [k ajymMum;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwf . . .
]]wynfhawmfudk orm;awmfBuD;ydef&duvnf; tJ'DvdkyJ ajymzl;ygw,fbk&m; . . . wynfhawmf avmavmq,f
raoatmif ukoay;wmudkbJ aus;Zl;wifvSygNyD bk&m; . . .}} [k jyefvnfavQmufxm; vdkuf\/
]][kdaeYwkef;u rif;udk igajymcJhzl;w,f r[kwfvm; . . . igwdkY a&Smifvif*dkPf;&JU tqifhtjrifhqHk; twGif;tm;
odkif;ynmudk avhusifh&ifawmh rif;taeeJY aysmufuif;Edkifw,f . . . wpfck cufwmu 'DtwGif;tm;odik f;ynmu
igwdkY a&Smifvif*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD; wpfyg;yJ wwfwm . . . igtck rif;udk *dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD;
qDudk ac:oGm;r,f . . . [dka&muf&ifawmh rif;ukodkvfuHtwdkif;yJ . . . olYtaeeJY oifay;r,f roifay;bl;
qdkwmawmh {uef{u rajymEdkifbl; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;\ *dkPf;csKyfq&mwmfBuD; ]zef;wif;} \ trnfemrudk aumif;aumif;
BuD; Mum;odzl;NyD;jzpfonf/ rQ ausmfMum;xif&Sm;vSaom yk*dKvfBuD;ESihf awGUqHkcGifh&awmhrnf[k od&aomtcg
tvGef0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfoGm;awmh\/
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; ac:aqmifvmawmh\/ taqmifaqmif tcef;cef;udk jzwfausmf
NyD;rS tcef;i,fav;wpfcka&SUodkYa&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/
xdktcef;i,fav;xJodkY 0ifvdkufaomtcg tcef;\tv,fwnfhwnfh&Sd zsmcsyft0dkif;av;wpfck ay:wGif
ajcwifysOfacGxdkifaeaom cEmudk,f ao;vSDvSaom bke;f awmfBuD;wpfyg;udk awGUvdkuf&onf/
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;u xdkbkef;awmfBuD;tm; 0wfjyK&if; avQmufxm;vdkufonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD; . . . tck 0gqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsKH; a&muf&SdvmygNyD bk&m; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rQ BuHKvSDao;auG;aom bkef;awmfBuD;rSm odkif;avmu emrnf odrfhodrfwkefatmif
BuD;aeaom a&Smifvif bk&m;ausmif;\ *dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD; jzpfaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg uref;uwef;
'l;axmuf OD;cs&Scd dk;rdawmh\/
olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
573
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tif; . . . 'Davmif emrnfausmfMum;xif&Sm;vSwJh bkef;awmfBuD;&JU Oy"dkyfuawmh omrefygyJvm; . . .

wu,fvdkYrsm; 'Dq&mawmfBuD;udk tckvdk awGUrxm;bl;bJeJY tjyifavmurSm awGUvdkuf&if a&Smifvifbkef;
awmfBuD;ausmif;&JU ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD;vdkY b,fenf;eJYrS xifrSm r[kwfbl; . . .}}
xdkpOf bkef;;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u . . .
]]vifh[lcsKH;[m wynfhawmfwdkY ausmif;rSm oHk;vwdwd tem;,lcJhwJhtwGuf tckqdkawmfawmfav;
aeaumif;oGm;ygNyD . . .}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/ tmar!dwfojH zifh
a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]wynfhawmf arhaewm oHk;v&SdNyD . . . [kwfvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;udk bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u rajz/ *dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD;zef;wif;u vifh[lcsKH;udk
pdkufMunfhNyD; . . .
]]zef;qef;ajymjyvdkY odxm;&w,f . . . rif;u 0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf}
"m;odkif;ukd &xm;w,fwJh . . . 'Dowif;Mum;awmh bkef;BuD;vnf; odyf0rf;omoGm;w,f? q&mBuD;zkef;csif;
okdif;avmuu xGufoGm;wm odyfMumoGm;NyD? bkef;BuD;wdkYu q&mBuD;[m vlYjynfrSm r&Sdawmhbl;vdkY xifaerd
wm . . . tck 'Dowif;Mum;&awmh odyf0rf;omoGm;rdw,f . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]rSefygbk&m; . . .}}[k avQmuf&if; pdwfxJ wGufaevdkufonf/
]]q&mbdk;bdk;taeeJY 0gt&wGufwGuf . . . touft& wGufwGuf . . . 'Da&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmf
BuD;xuf 0ga&m toufa&m ydkBuD;rSmyJ ... 'gaMumifh q&mawmfBuD;u q&mbdk;bdk;udk q&mBuD;vdkY ac:wmyJ ...}}
xdkpOf ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u qufvuf ajymonf/
]]rif;udk,fxJu 'Pf&mudk ukozdkYtwGuf igwdkYa&Smifvif*dkPf;&JU ]taMumavQmh twGif;tm;odkif;ynm} udk
oifMum;rSyJ&r,f . . . 'gayr,fh 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;ynmu tqifhtwef;odyfjrifhawmh vlwdkif; oifMum;cGifh
r&bl; . . . igh&JU *dkPf;wlnDav; zef;qef;qdk&ifvnf; t&nftcsif;jynfhwJh vlwpfa,mufyJ . . . 'gayr,fh
olvnf; 'Dodkif;ynmudk roifMum;EkdifcJhbl; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]rSefygh . . . wynfhawmfu tjyifvljzpfaewJhtwGuf 'Dodkif;ynmudk oifMum;EdkifcGifh vHk;0r&Sdbl;qdkwm
wynfhawmfodygw,f bk&m; . . .}}
xdktcg ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf zef;wif;u acgif;udkwGifwGifcg,rf;vsuf . . .
]]r[kwfbl; . . . rif;rSm oifMum;EdkifwJh tcGifhta&; &Sdygw,f}} [k rdefYMum;vdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &ifwxdwfxdwf ckefoGm;awmh\/ xdkpOf bkef;awmfBuD;
zef;wif;u av;eufwnfMunfaomtoHjzifh . . .
]]rif;u q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU aemufqufwynfhjzpfwmuwpfaMumif; . . . q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU aus;Zl;awG
ighwdkYtay:rSm &SdcJhwmuwpfaMumif; . . . rif;[m . . . igwdkY a&Smifvifausmif;udk ta&mufvmEdkifcJhwmu
wpfaMumif; . . . rif;taeeJY 'Dynmudk roifBum;&if toufaoqHk;Edkifwmu wpfaMumif; . . . tJ'DtaMumif;
awGaMumifh rif;udk 'Dodkif;ynm oifcGifhay;vdkufw,f}} [k ajymqdkrdeYMf um;avawmh\/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u 0rf;omtm;& avoHjzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
574
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif;odyfuHaumif;w,f . . . rif;twGuf bkef;awmfBuD; odyf0rf;omw,f . . . rif;

BudK;pm;zdkYawmh vdkvdrfhr,f . . .}}
ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u quf . . .
]]'gayr,fh . . . 'DrSm pnf;urf;wpfckawmh &Sdw,f . . . 'DtwGif;tm;odkif;ynmudk a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om;u
vGJvdkY tjyifvlvHk;0 oifMum;cGifhr&Sdygbl; . . . 'Dawmh rif;taeeJY bkef;BuD;&JU wynfhtjzpfcH,l&vdrfhr,f . . .}} [k
rdefMum;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf acgif;iHkYpOf;pm;vdkufNyD;rS . . .
]]q&mawmfBuD;&JU apwemudk wynfhawmf trsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f bk&m; . . . 'gayr,fh
wynfhawmfu 0gqef;*dkPf;om;jzpfaeawmh wjcm;*dkPf;udk ajymif;zdkY rjzpfEdkifygbl;bk&m; . . . wynfhawmf&JU
*dkPf;udk wynfhawmf opmapmifhod&rSmygbk&m; . . .}}
q&mawmfBuD;zef;wif;u NyHK;vdkufonf/
]]tif; . . . rif; b,fodrvJav . . . rif;[m tck0gqef;*dkPf;om; r[kwfawmhygbl; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYwkev
f IyfoGm;\/ q&mawmfBuD;tm; ai;armMunfh&if; aoG;qkwfjzLa&mf
aom rsufESmjzifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]wynfhawmfu 0gqef;*dkPf;om; r[kwfawmhbl; . . . b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ bk&m; . . .}}
q&mawmfBuD;onf tdwfxJrS pmwpfapmifxkwf vifh[lcsKH;tm; urf;ay;vdkufonf/
]]uJ . . . rif;udk,fwdkifyJ zwfMunfhayawmh . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wkefwkef,if,ifjzifh vSrf;,lvdkufonf/ pmudk Bunfhvdkufaomtcg olYq&m\ vufa&;
jzpfaMumif; odvdkufonf/ olYq&mu a&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmfBuD;tm; ay;aompmjzpfonf/ pmyg
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk zwfIod&SdNyD;aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;crsm pdwfxdcdkufvGef;vSojzifh arhvJusoGm;avawmh\/
xdkpmwGifa&;om;xm;onfrSm vifh[lcsKH;onf raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifh taygif;toif; jyKvkyfaeNyD
jzpf vifh[lcsKH;tm; 0gqef;*dkPf;rS xkwfy,fvdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; . . . tu,f vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh aemufxyf
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHaygif;oif;aeao;aMumif; awGU&Sdygu rnfonfh txufvrf;*dkPf;om;
rqdk vifh[lcsKH;udk okwfoif&Sif;vif;ypfEdkifaMumif; a&;om;xm;\/
vifh[lcsKH; jyefvnfowd&vmaomtcg olonf bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;\ &ifcGifxJ a&muf&Sdaeonfudk
awGU&awmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsuf&nfNzdKifNzdKifusvmawmh\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;tay: oHa,mZOfBuD;rm;vSaom
vifh[lcsKH;ygay/
bkef;awmfBuD;zef;qef;u oufjyif;csvsuf . . .
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif;taeeJY r[l&mawmifuek f;u vlawGeJY taygif;toif; vkyfaewmawmh roifhawmfwm
trSefyJ . . . rif;[m txufvrf;*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufqdkwm owdxm;OD;rSaygh . . .}}
ausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;uvnf; 0if&Sif;vif;jyonf/
]]rif;&JUq&mu txufvrf;*dkPf;tm;vHk;udk 'DpmawG tydkYvTwfvdkufwmyJ . . . txufvrf;*dkPf;tm;vHk;
'DvdkpmrsKd;awG vufcH&&Sdxm;MuNyD . . . rif;rSm tckbm'Pf&mrS r&Sdbl;yJxm;OD;? rif;om odkif;avmuxJ jyefoGm;
&if tE&m,fawGtrsm;BuD; BuHKawGUawmhrSmyJ . . . txufvrf;*dkPf;u vlawGu rif;udk &efjyKMuawmhr,f . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf csKdifh0Srf;BuD;twGif;aecJhpOf umvudk oGm;owd&vdkufrdonf/ vif;vif;uvnf; pum;
rsKd;ajymcJhonf/ odkif;avmuudk jyefroGm;ygESifh? oGm;vQif atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;u rdrdtm; awGU&mocsKif;
"m;rqdkif;bJ owfMuygvdrfhrnfwJh/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
575
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ckawmh atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;wifru txufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;uvnf; rdrdtm; owfMuayawmh

rnf/ avmuBuD;rSm us,f0ef;vSonfrSm rSefyg\/ odkYaomf rdrdrSm oGm;p&majrr&Sdawmh/ cdkp&m uGef; r&Sdawmh/
rdrd\ rdbuJhodkY aus;Zl;&SdcJhaom q&mESifhq&mrwdkYuyif rdrdtm; pGefYypfvdkufMuavNyD/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxdcdkufvSojzifh udk,fhudkukd,fowfao&efyif BuHrdavawmhonf/ q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;
u at;csrf;aomavoHjzifh . . .
]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif; bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufpdwfxdcdkufae&wmvJ . . . bmrS pdwfxdcdkufzdkY rvdkbl; . . .
vlwdkif; trSm;vkyfbl;Muwmcsnf;yJ . . . trSm;udk jyifEdkifzdkYu ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ . . . rif;toufi,fao;w,f . .
. taygif;toif;uav; wpfcsufrSm;oGm;wmeJY rif;b0vrf;qHk;NyDvdkY b,folrSrajymEdkifygbl; . . . rif;b0
twGuf vrf;opfawG trsm;BuD;&Sdao;w,f . . . tckqdk&if rif;[m 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY b,fvdkrS rywfoufawmhbl;
. . . rif;taeeJY igwdkY a&Smifvif*dkPf;xJudk 0ifvkduf . . . rif;&JUtrSm;udkjyif . . . pdwfopfvlopf zefwD; . . .
'Dvdkqdk&if odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;udk rif;bmrS aMumufp&m rvdkawmhbl; . . .}}
q&mawmfBuD;\ pum;vHk;rsm;rSm tm;aq;ozG,f pdwftm;wuf<uzG,f aumif;vS\/ olYpdwfxJwGif . . .
]]tck . . . ighrSm wu,fyJ oGm;p&mvrf;r&Sdawmhbl; . . . vrf;avQmuf&if; vrf;aysmufw,fqdkwm igrS
tppfyJ . . . ightaeeJY a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JU t&dyfudkcdkvdkuf&if tqifjrifhodkif;ynmawGudkvnf; oif&r,f .
. . igvnf; touf&Snfr,f . . . aemufNyD; igu . . . a&Smifvifausmif;xdkifq&mawmfBuD;&JU wynfhqdkawmh
txufvrf;*dkPf;uvlawGvnf; ighudk vufzsm;eJYawmif xd&JawmhrSm r[kwfbl; . . .}}
odkYawG;vdkuf&mrS csufcsif;yif ol\ADZpdwfu ay:vmawmhonf/ ol\ rcHcsifpdwfrsm; w&dyf&dyfwufvm
onf/ avmuBuD;udk tGJUwdkufvdkaom ol\ ADZpdwfu olYtm; wdkufwGef;vIHYaqmfvmjyefonf/
]]a,musfm;BuD;wpfa,mufvHk; vkyfaeNyD; . . . ao&rSmaMumufwmeJY olrsm;*dkPf;&JUt&dyfudk cdk&w,fqdkwm
wu,fawmh &Sufp&mBuD;yJ . . . olrsm;awGu ighudkowfr,fwJh . . . owf&ifowfaygh . . . ESpfcgaowJhol
r&Sdbl; . . . wpfoufrSm wpfcgyJ aoMu&wm . . . aowmu bmqef;wmovJ . . . q&mu ighudk rvdkcsifbl;
qdkNyD; armif;xkwfw,f . . . igwpfa,mufwnf; odkif;avmuxJ jyefoGm;awmh bmjzpfovJ . . . vifh[lcsKH;rSm
aMumufaoG; wpfpufrS rygbl; . . .}}
xdkodkY pOf;pm;vdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ aoG;rsm; x<uvmawmh\/ ,cktcsdefwGif olvkyfcsifonfh
tvkyfrSm wpfckwnf;om&Sdonf/ t&ufjyif;jyif; aomufvdkaomqEomwnf;/
bmvJ 0gqef;*dkPf;/ bmvJ a&Smifvif*dkPf;/ rnfonfh*dkPf; rnfonfhvlrQ ta&;rpdkufawmh/ ,cktcsdefwGif
oltNrJwrf; owd&wrf;waecJhaom nDrav;vdefvdefudkyif olpdrf;wpfa,mufES,f xifrSwfaeavNyD/
um; trsm;\ txifvGJypfy,frIudk cH&ojzifh tvGeftrif;emMunf;oGm;&mrS tonf;ESvHk;rsm;
rmausmpdrf;um;vmonfh t&dyfvuPmaywnf;/
olu q&mawmfBuD;zef;wif;udkvnf;aumif;? bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;udv
k nf;aumif; wpfOD;pDudk dkao
udkif;nGwfpGm &Sdcdk;NyD;rS rwfwwf&yfvdkufonf/ bkef;awmfBuD;ESpfyg;wdkYurl vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh a&Smifvif*dkPf;odkY
0if&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufNyD[k xifaerdMu\/
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]wynfhawmf . . . toufwrQ cifwG,foHa,mZOf&SdvSwJh wynfhawmf&JU 0gqef;*dkPf;uawmf wynfhawmfudk
armif;xkwfvdkufNyDqdkawmh wynfhawmftaeeJY wjcm;*dkPf;udk0ifzdkY rsufESmrvSawmhygbl; . . . q&mawmfBuD;
wdkY[m . . . wynfhawmftay: twdkif;rod apwem arwmeJY apmifha&SmufcJhwmudk wynfhawmf wpfoufvHk;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
576
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rarhawmhygbl; bk&m; . . . tck wynfhawmfudk cGifhjyKygOD; bk&m; . . .}} [kajymNyD;onfESifh q&mawmfBuD;ESpfyg;udk

ausmcdkif; xGufvmawmh\/
bkef;awmfBuD; zef;qef;onf vifh[lcsKH;tay: jrifpuwnf;u oHa,mZOf&SdoGm;cJholjzpf vifh[lcsKH;tm;
vSrf; azsmif;zsao;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;u vHk;0em;raxmifawmhbJ avQmufomG ;NrJ oGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif; tjyifodkY a&mufvmaomtcg w[m;[m;ESifh tawmrowfEdkifatmif
[m;wdkuf&,farmrdawmhonf/ tu,fpifppf vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf aMuuGJvGef;vSojzifh idkoHygBuD;ESifh &,farm
aejcif;omjzpfawmh\/ olYbmom wD;wdk;a&Gwfaerdonf/
]]txufvrf;*dkPf;u vlawGu ighudk &efolvdk oabmxm;w,f . . . atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;awG uvnf;
ighudk owfzdkYBudK;pm;aeMuw,f . . . ig[m tcsdefraG;aoEdkifwJh taumifyJ . . . b,ftcsdef b,fae&mrSm
b,folYvufcsufeJY ao&rvJqdkwm apmifhMunhf&ao;wmaygh . . .}}
olYudk,fay:wGif 0wfqifxm;onfh t0wftpm;wpfckrSvGJ tjcm;tydkypnf;[l wpfpHkwpf&mrQ ryg&Sdacs/
tojymaiGaMu;[l wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ ryg/ vufeufqdkvnf; "m;rajymESifh tyfwdkwpfacsmif;rQ ryg/ t0wf
wpfxnf udk,fwpfckESifh a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;awmifajcodkY qif;oufvmawmh\/
naeapmif;aomtcg a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;onf olESifh twefyifa0;oGm;cJhacsNyD/ xdkbk&m;ausmif;
twGif;rS apwemarwmBuD;rm;vSaom bkef;awmfMuD;ESpfyg;wdkYonf tvGefxl;qef;aom okdif;ynm&Sif vli,f
wpfOD;taMumif; awG;awmaumif; awG;awmaeayvdrfhOD;rnf/
tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ qmavmifrGwfodyfrIudk cHpm;vm&awmhonf/ ae&m . . . vlolrajymESifh
acG;wpfaumif aMumifwpfNrD;rQ r&Sd/ rnfonfhae&m tpm;taomuf&Ekdifonfudk pOf;pm;aerdonf/
xdktcdkuf ajcoHrsm;udk pwifMum;vdkuf&awmh\/ vl&Spfa,mufcefY&Sdayvdrfhrnf/ olwdkYtm;vHk; vufeuf
udk,fpD udkifxm;Mu\/ ajcvSrf;rsm;uvnf; vGefpGmoGufvufvSonf/ ta&;wBuD;udp wpfpHkwpfck ay:[ef&Sd
onf/ rnfonfhta&;udp jzpfrnfudkrl vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh rcefYrSef;Edkifay/ xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;u jzpfEdkifonfh
tcsufudk pOf;pm;vdkufrdonf/
]]'DaumifawG owif;&yHku w,fjrefygvm; . . . ig a&Smifvifausmif;xJu 'Dtcsdefavmuf xGufvmr,f
qdkwm b,fvdkrsm; owif;&MuvJ rodbl; . . . tif; . . . rif;wdkYu ighudkowfzdkY tkyfpkBuD;eJY vmMuw,faygh . .
. 'Dvdkqdkvnf; jrefjrefvmowfMuayawmh . . . tckawmif ighrSm pm;p&m&zdkY awmfawmfpOf;pm;ae&NyD . . .
pm;vdkY0vnf;ao&rSm? r0vnf;ao&rSyJ . . . 'Dawmh tckuwnf;u aoxm;wm ydkaumif;aow,f . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf cg;axmuf atmfvdkufonf/
]]a[haumifawG . . . vifh[lcsKH; 'DrSm&Sdw,fuG . . . vmcJhMuprf; . . . ighudk owfr,fhvlqdk&if t&ifqHk;
emrnfajymNyD; vmowfprf; . . .}}
xdkvlrsm;onf olYem;odkY a&muf&SdvmMuaomfvnf; wpfcsufMunfhNyD;onfESifh uGif;ywf a&SmifxGufoGm;Mu
\/ xdkolxJrS vltcsKdUu . . .
]]tl;eJYwlw,f . . .}}
]]tl;rdkY aygufu&awG avQmufatmfaewmaygh}}
]][kwfw,fa[h . . . jyemr&SmMueJY . . . [dkudpu ydkta&;BuD;w,f . . .}}
xdkpOf tjcm;wpfa,mufu . . .
]]wu,fvdkY [dkaumifBuD; xGufajy;oGm;&if 'kuyJ . . .}}
wpfcPtwGif;rSmyif vltm;vHk; olYudkjzwfausmfoGm;Muavawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH; pOf;pm;cef;a&mufavNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
577
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tif; . . . ighudkowfzdkYrsm; vdkufvmMuwmvm;vdkY vufpowfawmh 'DaumifawGu vlwpfa,mufudk

vdkuf&SmaeMuwmudk; . . . b,fvdkvludkrsm; vdkuf&SmaeMuwmygvdrfh . . .}}
xdkpOf ta0;rS jrif;cGmoHrsm;udk Mum;&jyefawmhonf/ jrif;ig;pD;? vlig;a,muf/ olwdkYuvnf; vifh[lcsKH;udk
jzwfausmfwufoGm;Mu\/ xdkjrif;pD;orm; ig;a,mufteufrS wpfa,mufu . . .
]]aemifBuD; . . . wpfqdwfavmuf ar;yg&ap . . . tustjzL0wfxm;NyD; cg;rSm "m;aumufBuD;wpfvuf
csdwfxm;wJh ydefydef&Snf&Snf tbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf jzwfoGm;wmrsm; jrifvdkufygovm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cgjyvdkufonfESifh jrif;pD;orm;rsm;onf rnfonfhpum;rQ rqufawmhbJ 'kef;pdkif;pD;
xGufoGm;Muawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]][dk . . . yxrwpfpk vdkufaewmvnf; tusjzL0wfxm;w,f qdkwJh tbdk;BuD;yJ jzpfrSmyJ . . . ighrSm bmrS
vkyfp&mr&SdawmhwmeJY tawmfyJ . . . olwdkYaemufuvdkufNyD; yGJBuD;yGJaumif;wpfyGJawmh vdkufMunfh&OD;r,f}} [k
qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
xdkYaMumifh xdktkyfpkrsm; OD;wnfxGufcGmoGm;onfh t&yfodkY olvnf; vdkufawmhonf/ twefMumaomtcg
aemufxyfvlwpfodkuf jzwfausmfvmMujyefum tustjzL ydefydefyg;yg; tbdk;BuD;udk ar;jref;aeMujyef\/
odkY jzwfoef;oGm;Muonfh tzGJUrsm;rSm renf;awmh/ tm;vHk;vdkvdk tusjzL0wftbdk;BuD;udkom war;
wnf; ar;Muonf/ xdkvltm;vHk;\ &nfG,fcsufonf wpfckwnf;jzpfonfrSm aocsmaeayNyD/ xdktbdk;BuD;udk
olwdkY trDvdkufaeMujcif;omwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;u wpfa,mufwnf; a&Gwfaerdonf/
]]'DvlawGtm;vHk; xdyfoD;odkif;orm;awGcsnf;yJ . . . olwdkYu bmudpeJY tbdk;BuD;wpfa,mufaemufudk
vdkufaeMu&wmvJ rodbl; . . .}}
twefMum qufavQmufaomtcg . . . opfyifppk ktkyftkyfuav;rsm; jzpfaeonfhae&modkY a&mufvmawmh
\/ xdkawmtkyfuav;\tv,fwGif uGif;jyifuJhodkY uGufvyfuav;wpfck &Sd\/ xdkuGif;jyif vlrsm;jynhfae
onf/ tenf;qHk; . . . oHk;av;&mcefY avmuf&Sdaeayvdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u xdkvltkyfBuD;em;odkY a&muf&SdaomtcgusrS Z&yfi,fwpfaqmif&SdaeaMumif; awGUvdkuf&onf/
vltkyfBuD;rSm Z&yfESifh ayoHk;q,fcefYtuGmwGif &yfaeMuonf/ Z&yfem;odkYrl wpfa,mufrQ ruyfMu/
vifh[lcsKH;u tem;odkY ydkwdk;Munhfonf/ xdktcg Z&yftwGif; tusjzL0wftbdk;BuD;wpfa,muf xdkifaeNyD;
wpfa,mufwnf; [if;ESifht&ufudk pm;vdkufaomufvdkuf vkyfae\/
tbdk;BuD;rSm xdkifaeojzifh olYcg;wGif "m;aumufcsdwfxm;ovm;? rcsdwfbJxm;ovm;awmh rodEdkifacs/
odkYaomf tbdk;BuD;u rQ rsm;jym;aomvlrsm; 0dkif;0ef;xm;onfudk odvsufESifh at;aq;pGm t&ufxdkif
aomufEdkifonfukd awGU&aomtcg vifh[cl sKH;taejzifh onftbdk;BuD;\ owdudk csKD;usL;rdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf vltkyfMum;rS wjznf;jznf;csif;a&SUwdk;oGm;onf/ vltkyfBuD;rSm tbdk;BuD;rSwpfyg; rnfolY
udkrQ ta&;rpdkufEkdifbJ jzpfaeMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH; odkY wdk;0ifvmonfudkvnf; wpfa,mufrQ owdrjyKrd
Muacs/
vltkyfBuD;a&SUqHk;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;aomtcgrS tbdk;BuD;\ cg;wGif "m;aumufBuD;wpfvuf csdwfqGJxm;onf
udk awGU&onf/ olYtaejzifh tbdk;BuD;rnfoljzpfonfudk vHk;0rodacs/ od&efvnf; rBudK;pm;rdacs/
olpOf;pm;rdonfrSm wpfcsufomjzpfonf/ vlwpfa,mufwnf;udk rrQrw rQ rsm;jym;aom tiftm;BuD;
jzifh vmwdkufcdkufjcif;udk olYpdwfxJ vHk;0rESpfNrdKUEdkifjcif;om jzpfawmh\/ xdkYjyif rdrdrSmvnf; odkif;avmu
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
578
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
OwpfvHk;wpfaumif<uufuJhodkY tazmfrJhwpfudk,fwnf; jzpfae&oljzpf&m wpfudk,fwnf; jzpfaeaom tbdk;BuD;

udkvnf; pmemrd\/ xdkYaMumifh tbdk;BuD;bufrS &yfwnf&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufawmh\/
odkYjzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf Z&yfem;odkY &J0HhpGm avQmufoGm;awmh\/ Z&yfay:odkYwufNyD; tbdk;BuD;tm;
tdktaowpfcsufay;um xdkifcsvdkuf\/ tbdk;BuD;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; pl;pl;&J&JrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh Munfhvdkufonf/
ol\rsufvHk;rSm "m;cRef"m;zsm;rsm;uJhodkY pl;&SxufjrufvSayonf/
tbdk;BuD;u wpfcsufrQ MunfhvdkufHkESifh vifh[lcsKH;\ yHkoPmeftm;vHk;udk rSwfrdvdkufonf/
olYa&SUrSm 0ifxdkifvdkufaomvli,frSm vufeufvnf;ryg/ rsufvHk;rsm;rSmvnf; tm;vHk;0r&SdyJ ta&mifazsmh
aeNyD; zsm;emNyD;p vli,fwpfa,mufyHkyef;oPmefrsKd; jzpfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh kwfw&uf tHhtm;oifhoGm;rdonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf t&ufu&m;udk aumufudkifvdkufNyD; tbdk;BuD;a&SU&Sd t&ufcGufxJodkY jznfhay;vdkuf\/
olurl tjcm;zefcGufwpfcGufudk,l t&ufiSJYxnfhum aumufarmhvdkufawmhonf/
xdkpOf Z&yftjyifrS vlwpfa,mufu atmfvdkuo
f nf/
]][dkaumifav; jrefjrefxGufcJhprf; . . . igwdkYu 'Dtbdk;BuD;eJY wdkufcdkuf&rSm . . . 'Dtzdk;BuD;udk tjywf&Sif;ypf
&rSm . . . rif;u Mum;xJu uefYvefYuefYvefY 0ifvkyfraeeJY . . . uRef0,f&m tqpfyg jzpfcsifNyDeJY wlw,f . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m;&,f . . .
]]usKyfbmomusKyf q&mBuD;eJY t&ufaomufwm cifAsm;eJY bmqdkifovJ . . .}} [k jyefajymvdku\
f / ajymNyD;
onfESifh aemufxyft&ufxyfiSJYum armhaomufvdkufjyef\/ EIwfcrf;udk vQmjzifhoyf&if; . . .
]]tif; . . . w,faumif;wJh t&ufygvm; . . .}}
xdktcdkuf Z&yf\ b,fbufaxmifhrS at;pufrmausmaom toHwpfoH xGufay:vmawmh\/
]]a[haumif . . . rif;xGufvmcJhprf; . . . igwdkYu *dkPf;csKyfBuD; ]wHk;zef;yk} &JU trdefYeJY 'DopmazmufBuD;udk
vmzrf;Muwm . . . olu ]&SefY0efYxif;} yJ . . . 'DMum;xJrSm 0ifIyfwJholrSeforQ rIrvSao&rScsnf;yJ . . . rif;
xGufcJhprf; . . . 0ifIyfraeeJY . . .}}
vlrsm;um; r[l&mawmifukef;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;jzpfaom wHk;zef;yk\ aemufvdkufi,fom; raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;om;rsm; jzpfaeacsonfwum; . . ./ onftbdk;BuD; &SefY0efYxif;yifvQif raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;rS 0gpOfBuD;
yk*dKvfBuD;wpfOD; jzpfaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u &SefY0efYxif;udk vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD; . . . usKyfukd tckvdk t&ufoHk;cGuf aomufcGifhjyKwm? trsm;BuD;aus;Zl;wifygw,f . . . usKyfrSm
tpmvnf;iwf? t&ufvnf;iwfaeawmh odyfudk aomufvdkYaumif;aewmyJ}}
xdkpOf Z&yfta&SUbufaxmifhrS vlwpfa,mufu atmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]'Daumif wjcm;olr[kwfvl; . . . 0gqef;*dkPf;u armif;xkwfcHxm;&wJh vifh[lcsKH;yJ . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ xdkokdYvSrf;atmfvdkufolrSm csif;csdef*dkPf;\ wynfhBuD; [dkvifjzpfaeonf/
[dkvifhudk awGUvdkufrS vifh[lcsKH;u olESifheD;uyf&mvlrsm;udk aocsmpGmMunfv
h dkufrdonf/ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;rS
tzGJUom;tawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifaeaMumif; awGU&Sdvdkuf&awmhonf/
xdkpOf vltkyfxrJ S wpfa,mufu . . .
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif;[m raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;awGeJY aygif;aew,fvdkY ajymwm wu,fajymwmyJudk; . .
. 'D&SefY0efYxif;qdkwmu igwdkYtxufvrf;*dkPf;odkif;orm;awG&JU wu,fh ]r[m &efolawmfBuD;} yJ . . . rif;u
oleJY twlwlaeNyD; bmvkyfaewmvJ . . . rif;xGufcJhprf; . . . xGufvmwmeJY rif;udk tydkif;ydkif;twpfwpf
ckwfxpfypfr,f . . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
579
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]cifAsm;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;xifw,f . . . usKyfeJY awGvdkuforQ xdkufqef*dkPf;om;rSeforQ
owfzdkY jzwfzdkY . . . ckwfzdkYxpfzdkY ajymwJhvlawGcsnf;yJ . . . cifAsm;wdkYu yg;uGuf tmPmom;vkyfzdkYaumif;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vltkyfBuD;bufodkY vSnfhvdkufum . . .
]]usKyfuawmh 'Dq&mBuD;[m &SefY0efYxif;rSe;f bmrSef;rodygbl; . . . usKyfodwmuawmh cifAsm;wdkYu
vlaygif; oHk;av;&mavmufeJY vlwpfa,mufwnf;udk rawmfrw&m; wdkufcdkufzdkY BudK;pm;aeMuw,f qdkwmudkyJ .
. . usKyf ar;prf;yg&apOD; . . . *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;u b,fES,fh raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJY twlwl vufwGJNyD;
vlwpfa,mufwnf;udk wdkufcdkufzdkY BudK;pm;ae&wmvJ . . . 'gu &,fcsifp&mraumif;bl;vm; . . .}}
xdkufqef;*dkPf;rSvlu a'goESifh jyefatmfonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif; bmawGaygufu& avQmufajymaewmvJ . . . igwdkY b,fwkef;u raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;om;awGeYJ vufwGJvdkYvJ . . . olwdkYu olwdkY*dkPf;&JU opmazmufudk vkdufzrf;w,f? igwdkYu igwdkY&JU&efoludk
vmowfw,f . . . udk,fhudpeJYudk,f vmMuwmyJ . . . bmrS rqdkifbl; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]aumif;NyDav? cifAsm;wdkYom a,mufsm;yDyD wpfa,mufcsif;wdkufyg . . . cifAsm;wdkYom wpfa,mufcsif;
wdkuf&if usKyftaeeJY bmrS 0ifrpGufbl; . . . t&ufaomufNyD; xkdifMunhfaer,f}}
xdkpOf raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;rS vlwpfa,mufu vSrf;atmf[pfajymqdkjyefonf/
]]&SefY0efYxif; . . . tcktajctaea&mufrSawmh usKyfwdkYeJY at;at;aq;aq; jyefvdkufcJhyg . . . *dkPf;csKyfBuD;
uvnf; nmnmwmwm tjypfay;rSmyg . . . cifAsm;vnf; usKyfwdkY*dkPf;u vlpGrf;aumif; wpfa,mufyJOpm . . .
aoG;xGufoH,dk jzpfapcsifvdkYvm}}
&SefY0efYxif;u wpfcsufrJhjyvdkufNyD; t&ufcGufudk aumufarmhvdkufonf/ xdktcg ]cRif} ]csvif} toHrsm;
jrnfvmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u wthHwMojzpfoGm;NyD; Munfhvdkufaomtcg oHBudK;&Snfwpfacsmif;
ol\vufESpfzufudk csnfxm;aMumif; awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
tzdk;BuD;um; tcsKyfrS xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmcJholaywum;/
xdktjzpfudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcgrS vifh[lcsKH;onf tbdk;BuD;udk ydkoem;oGm;onf/ olUqHk;jzwfcsufudk ydkrdk
cdkifrmoGm;apawmh\/
]]ig 'Dtbdk;BuD;bufu ulNyD;wdkufay;r,f . . . ighbmomtajcmufwkduf towfcH&wmxufpm&if tm;enf;
wJhvludk ulnDwdkufcdkufay;NyD; ao&wmu ydkawmifjrifhjrwfao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf Z&yf\tayguf0wGif cg;axmufrwfwyf&yfvdkuf\/ NyD;rS tm;vHk;Mum;atmif atmfajym
vdkufonf/
]]'Dq&mBuD;&JU vufESpfzufrSm oHBudK;awGcsnfxm;wmyJ? 'DrvGwfrvyf vufESpfzufeJY cifAsm;wdkYudk b,fES,fh
wdkufcdkufEdkifrSmvJ . . . usKyfu 'Dq&mBuD;&JU t&ufudk aomufcJhNyD;NyDqdkawmh . . . wpfvkyfpm;zl; olYaus;Zl;
qdkwmvdk olYaus;Zl;udk odwwfoltaeeJY q&mBuD;bufu 0ifwdkufay;&awmhrSmyJ . . . b,folu q&mBuD;udk
wdkufcdkufcsifovJ . . . tJ'Dvl[m q&mBuD;eJYrawGYcif usKyfeJY t&ifqHk; wdkufcdkuf&r,f . . . 'gyJ}}
&SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf tajcmufwdkuf rdrdbufrS tultnDay;aeonfudk awGU&aomtcg
tvGefpdwf0ifpm;oGm;onf/
&SefY0efYxif;u . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
580
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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&wmvJ . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]udk,fvkyfaewJhtvkyf udk,fhbmom rodwm tl;rSjzpfrSm q&mBuD;&JU . . . usKyfu tl;r[kwfao;ygbl; .
. . trsm;eJYwpfa,muf rw&m;vkyfaew,fxifvdkY usKyf0ifulnDwm rw&m;wmudk vufydkufMunhfwJhtusifh
i,fi,fuwnf;u usKyfrSmr&SdcJhbl; . . .}}
]]tdrf; . . . aumif;ygav&JUuGm . . . rif;&JUvufeufaum}}
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]usKyf&JU "m;awmh ygrvmcJhbl;? q&mBuD;qDu "m;cPiSm;&rSmyJ}}
]]rif;&JU "m;odkif;uaum b,fvdkaeovJuG . . . rif;u 0gqef;*dkPf;uqdkawmh odyfpGHyHkr&ygbl; . . .}}
]][kwfyghAsm . . . q&mBuD;u usKyf0rf;xJ 0ifMunfhNyD;rsm; ajymvdkufovm;rodbl; . . . e*dkuwnf;u
"m;odkif; odyfrpGH&wJhtxJ twGif;'Pf&muvnf;& . . . twGif;tm;uvnf; r&Sdqdkawmh ydkNyD; rpGHawmhbl;ayghAsm
. . .}}
]]rif;u xl;xl;qef;qef;vlygvm; . . . aumif;NyD .. . rif;twGuf igu "m;wpfacsmif; &Smay;&rSmaygh . . .}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh tbdk;BuD;onf txufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm; &Sd&mzufodkY kwfw&uf ckefxGufoGm;awmh\/
vsifjrefvSojzifh vifh[lcsKH;yif rifoufrdoGm;onf/
csufcsif;vdkvdkyif "m;q,facsmif;u &SefY0efYxif;tm; vGifhysHxdk;pdkufvmMuonf/ &SefY0efYxif;onf "m;rsm;udk
vGwfatmif a&Smifwdrf;xGufoGm;Edkifonf/ tHhzG,fynm&yfygay/
&SefY0efYxif; ckef0ifoGm;olrSm apmapmu vifh[lcsKH;ESifh pum;tacstwif ajymqdkcJhonfh xdkufqef;*dkPf;om;
xHodkYyif jzpfawmh\/
xdkodkif;orm;uvnf; wHkYqdkif;raeay/ csufcsif;vdkvdkyif "m;jzifh vSrf;xdk;vdkufonf/ odkYaomf &SefY0efYxif;u
ol\aemufausmodkY a&muf&SdaeavNyD/ rnfrQ vsifjrefvdkufonfh vlayenf;/
olu wpfawmifqpfjzifh xdkvl\aemufausmudk aqmifhcsvdkufNyD; xdk*dkPf;om;\ vufxJrS"m;udk vk,lvdkuf
onf/ NyD;aemuf ysHvTm;wpfaumifuJhodkY vifh[lcsKH;&Sd&modkY jyef ckefysH0ifa&mufvmawmhonf/
xdktcgrsKd;yif txufvrf;*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;rsm;onf Z&yfem;a&mufonftxd vdkufrvm&JMuay/
wHawmifjzifh txkcHvdkuf&aom odkif;orm;rSm t&ufrl;oluJhodkY ,dr;f xdk;aeNyD; aemufqHk; vJusoGm;awmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u "m;udk vifh[lcsKH;xH ypfay;vdkufNyD; . . .
]]uJ . . . rif;twGuf . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u "m;udkukdifqMunfhum NyHK;&,f&if;ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mBuD;&JUodkif;ynmu 'Davmufaumif;aewmyJ . . . usKyf0ifulzdkYawmif rvdkawmhbl;eJYwlw,f . . .
'gayr,fh usKyfuvnf; usKyf&JU odyfrpGHwJh "m;odkif;taMumif; ajymxm;rdawmh enf;enf;avmufawmh jy&ao;
wmaygh . . .}}
olu ajymajymqdkqdkESifh avQmufxGufoGm;awmh\/ Z&yfjyifodkYa&mufaomtcg csif;csef*dkPf;rS [dkvifwdkY
*dkPf;wlnDtpfudkoHk;a,mufu vifh[lcsKH;tm; "m;udk,fpDjzifh wm;qD;vdkufMuawmh\/ wpfa,mufu &ifbwfudk
xdk;csdefxm;NyD; usefESpfa,mufu cg;ESpfzufudk xdk;csdefxm;vdkufonf/ oHk;a,mufu tydkif csKyfudkif xm;vdkuf
Mujcif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
581
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[dkvifu trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; . . . rif; 'l;axmufvdkufprf; . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m;&,f . . .
]]'l;axmufqv
dk nf; axmuf&rSmayghav . . . trdefYawmfudk b,fvGefqef&JyghrvJ . . .}} [k ajym&if;yif
wu,f'l;axmufcsvdkufonf/ odkYaomf vufxJrS"m;udk rnfodkYrnfyHk vIyf&Sm;vdkufrSef;rnfolrQ rodvdkufMu&yJ
"m;a&mifwpfcsuf vufoGm;onfudkom awGYvdkufMu&onf/ csif;csef*dkPf;om; wynfhoHk;a,mufwdkY\ "m;udkif
vufrsm;rSm vufaumuf0wfrS wdceJ jywfusoGm;awmh\/ "m;oHk;acsmif;pvHk; ajrBuD;ay: jyefYBuJoGm;avawmh
onf/
[dkvifwdkY oHk;a,mufpvHk;rSm vHk;0 r,HkMunfEdkif[efjzifh ajrBuD;ay: jywfusoGm;aom vufjywfrsm;udk
ai;MunfhaerdMuawmh\/ rifoufai;aMumifaerdMujcif; jzpfonf/
xdkYaemuf csufcsif; owd&oGm;Muum vltkyfMum;xJodkY jyefvnfqkwfcGmoGm;Muawmh\/ wpfa,mufaom
*dkPf;om;rSmrl ol\vufudkydkuf idka<u;aeawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vkyfomvkyfvdkuf&aomfvnf; pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;&onf/ olYpdwfxJwGifrl BuHzefESpfodrfhae&
onf/
]]igu rvkyfcsifygbl; . . . rif;wdkYu ighudkt&ifowfzdkY BudK;pm;Muwmudk; . . . rif;wdkYtjypfeJYrif;wdkYyJ . . .}}
xdkpOf &SefY0efYxif;u atmfvdkufonf/
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olu quf atmfjyefonf/
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vifh[lcsKH;u &,f . . .
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xdktcdkufrSmyif Z&yfxJodkY vlESpfa,muf kwfw&ufckef0ifvmNyD; &SefY0efYxif;udk pwifwdkufcdkufMuawmhonf/
&SefY0efYxif;uvnf; jyefvSefckcHwdkufcdkufonf/ odkYaomf ol\vufESpfzuf oHBudK;rsm;csnfaESmifxm;ojzifh
oGufvufpGm rckcHEkdifacs/
xdkYaMumifh cHppfoabmjzifhom ckcHwdkufcdkufae&onf/ xdkpOf aemufESpfa,muf ckef0if vmjyefawmh\/
rMumrD vSHorm;&Spfa,mufyg ckef0ifwdkufcdkufMuawmh\/
wu,fhwdkufyGJBuD; pwifavNyD/
vufeufcsif;xdcdkufoH nHaeonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;udk atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]rdwfaqGav; . . . rif;jrefjrefajy;ayawmh . . .}}
vlrsm;onf raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;rsm; jzpfawmhonf/ olwdkYonf &SefY0efYxif;\ pGrf;&nfudk aumif;pGm
odxm;Muolrsm; jzpfMu\/ &SefY0efYxif;ESihf wdkufcdkuf&onfrSm vG,fulaomtvkyf r[kwfay/ wpfrdepfydkMumvQif
wpfrdepftwGif; toufwpfacsmif; ydkqHk;HI;Edkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYtm;vHk; ayghqrIr&SdbJ tpGrf;ukeftm;ukef
xkwf wdkufcdkufaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
&SefY0efYxif;\ wpfudk,fvHk;rSmrl *sifuJhodkY ywfcsmvnfaeawmh\/ vufeufjcif; kdufcwfoHrsm;rSmrl tquf
rjywf Mum;ae&onf/ vlwpfa,muf\ oHwlBuD;rSm &SefY0efYxif;\ oHBudK;dkufcsufaMumifh aemufjyefvGifhpOf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
582
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vmum ol\OD;acgif;udk jyefdkufrdNyD; yGJcsif;NyD; aoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/ vSHorm;rsm; taejzifhvnf; wpfvSrf;pD

aemufqkwfaeMu&onf/
um; pdwfaumif; apwemaumif;jzifh aemufqkwfMujcif; r[kwfMuay/ olwdkYu tajctaeudk
apmifhMunfhvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ &SefY0efYxif;taejzifh uJhodkY ol\udk,fudk rGwfrGwfvnfaeatmif vSnfhvsuf
ckcHjcif;udk tcsdeftwkdif;tqr&Sd ckcHaeEdkifrnfr[kwf/
olwpfcsuf&yfvdkufonfESifh vSH&Spfacsmif;u tbufbufrS xdk;azmuf0ifa&mufvmayvdrfhrnf/ xdktcsdefrsKd;
&SefY0efYxif;taejzifh rnfodkYrQ a&Smifwdrf;Ekdifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/
vifh[lcsKH;onf xdkolwdkY\tBuHudk BudKwif&dyfrd\/ &SefY0efYxif;uvnf; odonf/ ,ck tbdk;BuD; &SefY0efYxif;
wpfa,muf tBuD;tus,f 'kua&mufpjyKaeNyD/ ol\udk,fudk pBuFmvSnfh vSnfhywfum umuG,fae&mrS acw
&yfvdkufonfESihf aorif;u oltm;ac:aqmifoGm;ayawmhrnf/
xdkYaMumifh onftbdk;BuD;tm; ppfulnDrnf[k uwday;xm;aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm rnfodkYulnD&rnfudk tajy;
tvTm; pOf;pm;ae&awmh\/
vdkvQifBuHq enf;vrf;& qdkxm;onf r[kwfygavm/ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} xJrS vSHzsufuGufudk owd&vkdufrd
awmh\/ pdwfxJ wr[kwfcsif; ayghyg;oGm;awmhonf/
xdktcdkuf vSH&Spfacsmif;uvnf; wNydKifeuf xdk;xGufpjyKvmavNyD/ vifh[lcsKH; vufraES;awmh/ ol\"m;udk
vQyfjyufonfhES,f vIyf&Sm;vdkufavawmhonf/ "m;oGm;onf vSHorm;wdki;f \ vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk xdk;pdkuf
oGm;avawmh\/ "m;csufonf aMumufrufzG,f&m vsifjrefvSojzifh wpfcsufwnf; ckwfvdkufouJhodkY xifrSwf
vdkuf&onf/
vSHorm;rsm;rSm vSHrsm;udk qkyfudkifxm;jcif;iSm rpGrf;omawmhbJ vufxJrS vTwfcsvdkufMu&awmhonf/
olwdkY\vufaumuf0wfrsm;rS aoG;aygufayguf usqif;vsuf &SdaeMuavNyD/
vifh[lcsKH;onf wHkYqdkif;raeawmhbJ usefvlrsm;udkvnf; qufwdkuf 0ifwdkufawmhonf/ xdkvlrsm;onfvnf;
vifh[lcsKH;\wdkufuGufrsm;udk rnfodkYrQ r,SOfEdkif/ rMumrD vufeufrsm; vGwfusoGm;um Z&yfxJrS udk,fhtouf
vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tl,m;zm;,m; ajy;xGufoGm;Muavawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ "m;uGufrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifh tHhMoaerdawmhonf/
vli,fum; wu,fh vlxl;vlqef;aywnf;/ yg;pyfrS awmifwpfcGef;ajrmufwpfcGef; ajymaeaomfvnf;
vufawGU tjyKtrlwGif ol\pGrf;&nfudk trSefwu,f xkwfvSpfjyoaeaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; owdjyKrdoGm;
awmh\/
xdkpOf raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;rS vlBuD;wpfa,mufu xyfrHtrdefYay;vdkufojzifh csufcsif;vdkvdk vlig;a,muf
ckef0ifvmMujyefonf/ ig;a,mufpvHk;u &SefY0efYxif;udk wdkufcdkufonf r[kwfacs/ pwif 0ifa&mufuwnf;u
vlpkcGJNyD;om; jzpfaeMu\/
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufu "m;pMum a0SY,rf;vsuf vifh[lcsKH;udk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuNf yD; . . .
usefav;a,mufwkYu
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aMumufGHUMuaMumif; xif&Sm;ae\/
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udkvnf; em;rvnfao;ojzifh tuJcwf&if; aemufqkwfvdkuf a&Smifwdrf;vdkuf vkyfaeonf/ &efolurl vifh[lcsKH;
aMumufaeNyDxif zdwdkufaeawmhonf/ odkYaomf ol\"m;csufjzifh xdcdkufatmifawmh wpfcsufrQ rwkdufEkdifao;
acs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
583
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&SefY0efYxif;url wdkufyGJ tvGefjyif;xefaeonf/ olwdkY udkifaqmifxm;onfh vufeufrsm;uvnf; xl;qef;

vSojzifh awmfHkwefHk odkif;orm;onf vufeufpGrf;aMumifhyif tHI;ay;oGm;&Edkifonf/ raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;om;
wpfa,mufu oHvHk;ysHjzifh &SefY0efHxif;\ vufESpfzuf&Sd oHBudK;udk &pfywfxm;vdkufonf/ xdktcg &SefY0efx
Y if;rSm
vIyf&Sm;&eftwGuf tawmfuav; tcuftcJ BuHKoGm;&awmh\/
xdktcGifhta&;udk tcGifhaumif;tjzpf toHk;csum usefoHk;a,mufu 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufMu\/ &SefY0efYxif;u
ol\ vufESpfzufudk kwfw&uf aqmifhqGJvdkuf&m oHvHk;ysHydkif&Sifonf olYbufodkYygvmNyD; usefoHk;a,muf\
vufeufrsm;u oHvHk;ysHydkif&Sif\ udk,fay:odkY usa&mufoGm;avawmh\/ xdkvlrSm ]tm;} ceJ wpfcsufom
atmfEdkifNyD; toufxGuo
f Gm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; a&Smif&if;wdrf;&if;rS &efol\"m;uGufudk aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;\/ &efol\
[muGufaysmhuGurf sm;udkvnf; awGUjrifvmonf/
olu "m;jzifh kwfw&uf xdk;pdkufvdkufonf/ xdk&efoluvnf; wdkufcdkuf&ef a&SYodkYtwdk;jzpf ycHk;wGif
"m;wpfcsufxdk;pdkufcHvdkuf&awmhonf/
xdkvl\"m;vnf; vufxJrS vGwfusoGm;\/ olY"m;udkyif jyefvnf raumuf,lawmhbJ aemuf*Rrf;xdk;um
vltkyfxJodkY jyefqkwfoGm;avawmhonf/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
584
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol&Jaumif;pdwf"mwf
vifh[lcsHK;u raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;om;wa,mufudk tEdkif&&SdoGm;aomtcg . . . txufvrf; odkif;orm;
tkyfpkrS vlwa,muf "m;ukdqGJ ckefxGufvm\/ yg;pyfrSvnf; cufxefpGm atmf[pfvm\/
]]'g . . . 0gqef;"m;odkif;vm; . . . 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm 'Dvdk rrSefuefwJh "m;odkif;rsdK;r&Sdbl;uG . . . b,fu
atmufvrf;"m;odkif;ynmvJ . . . }}
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]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} ukd jrifzl;[efrwl/
xdkYaMumifh ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} xJrS "m;uGufudk 0gqef;"m;uGufr[kwf/ atmufvrf;"m;odkif;ynm[k
ajymaejcif;jzpfonf/
rnfokdYyifjzpfap? vihf[lcsHK;taejzifh 0gqef;*dkPf;u xkwfEkwfESifxkwfjcif;cH&aomfvnf; olYpdwfxJwGif
*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;jzifh cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;jcif; ? aoG;xGufoH,dkjzpfjcif;ESihf &efNidK;zGJUjcif;wdkY vHk;0rjzpfvdkay/ xdkYaMumifh
xkdufqef;*dkPf;rS q&mBuD;udk pum;ajym&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/
odkYaomf xdkufqef;*dkPf;\ odkif;q&mBuD;u vQyfwjyuftwGif; "m;csufckepfcsuf qufwdkufxdk;awmhonf/
ckepfcsufpvHk; ta&;BuD;onfh ae&mrsm;ukdcsnf; xkd;jcif;jzpf\/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh rnfodkYa&Smifa&Smif? wcsufrxd wcsufawmh xdcH&rnfomjzpfonf/
okdif;uGufukd xkwfoHk;vdkufaomtcg usef*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;rS vltm;vHk;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;tm;
tawmfyif txifBuD; av;pm;oGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;url "m;uGufudk odyfrtHhMordacs/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olwdkY\ 0gqef;awmif ausmuf*l
xdyfwGif odik f;uGufukd awGUzl;cJhNyD jzpfaomaMumifhyif/
xdkYaMumifh tckduftwefYtwGif;0,f ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} udkyif xkwfoHk;&ef pdwfrul;awmh/ ausmuf*leH&H
wGif a&;xm;aom "m;zsufuGufrsm;udk vQyfwjyufpOf;pm;vdkufonf/
olonf . . . xdkufqef;odkif;q&mBuD;\ wdkufuGufrsm;udk ra&Smifwdrf;awmhbJ csufcsif;vdkvkdyif
xdkodkif;q&mBuD;\ csufatmufodkY xdk;csdefvdkufawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh t&rf;uma&m toHk;jyKonfh tuGufr[kwfay/ vQyfwjyuf pOf;pm;NyD; toHk;jyKonfh
tuGufomjzpf\/
kwfw&ufMunfhvdkufvQifrl vifh[lcsHK;\ "m;uGufonf ukd,fhtoufukd rESajrmyJ pGefYwdkufckdufvkdufonfh
olaoudk,fao "m;uGufrsdK;jzpfae\/ "m;odkif;ynm tvGefYtvGef 0g&ifholr[kwfvQif twdkif;om
odjrifMuayvdrhfrnf/
odkYaomf wu,fhwu,ftm;jzifhrlum; . . .
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
585
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkufqef;*dkPf;\ ,ck"m;uGufwGif tydkif;ESpfydkif; cGJjcm;xm;\/ yxrydki;f u &efoltm;"m;jzifh tquf

rjywf ckepfcsufqufwdkuf xkd;jcif;yifjzpfonf/
ckepfcsufpvHk; ta&;BuD;onfh aouGif;rsm;ukd xkd;jcif;jzpf &efolYtaejzifh vHk;0ysm,mcwfoGm;&rnf/
[efcsufysufoGm;&ayrnf/
yxrydkif; "m;uGufrsm;t& &efolY[efcsufysufoGm;rS 'kwd,ydkif;"m;uGufrsm;u &efol\ pdwfBudKuf
aouGif;ukd aG;cs,fxkd;&efyifjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wu,fhvufawGU wdkufuGuftppfrSm 'kwd,ydkif; "m;uGuf
rsm;om jzpfayonf/
,ckvifh[lcsHK;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;q&mBuD;\ yxrydkif; "m;uGufrsm;ukd xkwfvdkufonfESifh olu t&if
OD;atmif odkif;q&mBuD;\ csufatmufudk xdk;pdkuf&m xkdufqef;*dkPf;odkif;q&mBuD;rSm 'kwd,ydkif;ukd qufrupm;
EdkifawmhyJ odkif;uGufBuD;wckvHk;rSm cg;tcsdK;cHvdkuf&ouJhodkY jzpfoGm;awmh\/
xdkufqef;*dkPf;q&mBuD; taejzifh okdYjzpfvmvdrhfrnf[k vHk;0rarQmfvifhrday/
vihf[lcsHK;\ "m;csufxGufvmonfESihf xdk"m;csufudk rdrdtaejzihf vHk;0a&Smifwdrf; r&EdkifawmhrSef;
odvkduf\/
olYpdwfxJwGif "m;zsm;onf ol\csufatmufoYdk xkd;pdkufoGm;onf [lom rSwfxifvdkufonf/ xdkYaMumihf
wcsufrQ atmfrd&if; arhvJusoGm;avawmh\/
trSefpifppftm;jzifh vifh[lcsHK;u wu,frxdk;acs/ "m;ukd tom;em;a&mufonftxd xdk;vdkufNyD;
csufcsif;wHkYceJ &yfqdkif;vkdufjcif;omjzpf\/
xdkufqef;*dkPf; odkif;q&mBuD;tm; 'Pf&mtemw& rjzpfapvdk odkY&yfwefYvdkufjcif;jzpf\/
okdYaomf xkdufqef;*dkPf;\ vlrsm;u olwdkY\ 0gpOfBuD;odkif;q&mBuD; vJusoGm;onfukd awGU&aomtcg
vihf[lcsHK;\ "m;csufaMumifhom 'Pf&m&oGm;jcif;jzpfonf[k xifrSwfoGm;Mu\/
olwdkYtaejzifh "m;oGm;tom;xJ pdkuf0if r0ifukd wdwdusus rodvkdufMuojzifh odkYtxifrSm;oGm;Mujcif;
jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh vihf[lcsHK;tm; &efaMuG;jyefqyf&eftwGuf xkdufqef;*dkPf;om;ig;a,mufwdkYu ckefxGufvmMuum
tjyif;txef xkd;ckwfvdkufMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsHK;rSm xkdvlig;a,mufukd vHk;0rrIacs/
xdkig;a,muf\ vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk 'Pf&m&apvdkufjcif;jzifh olwdkYvufxJrS "m;rsm;ukd vGwfusoGm;
apvdkufonf/
xdktcsdefwGif apmapmu arhvJoGm;aom xkdufqef;*dkPf;\ 0gpOfBuD;odki;f q&mBuD;u ,drf;xdk;xvmNyD;
]igaoNyD? igaoNyD} [k ua,mifuwrf; atmfaeawmhonf/
olYwynfhig;a,mufwdkYrSm olwkdYq&m raoonfhtjyif "m;'Pf&mwcsufrQ r&bJ&Sdaeonfudk awGU&aom
tcg tvGeftHhMooGm;Muonf/
olwdkYig;a,mufpvHk; olwdkYq&mBuD;tm; wGJ,lum aemufodkY qkwfcGmoGm;Muawmh\/
olwkdY\q&mBuD;rSm erl;exdkif;jzihf wynfhig;a,mufMum; ygoGm;avawmh\/
Z&yfywfvnfwGif &SdaeMuaom odkif;orm;rsm;onf vifh[lcsHK;u ol\odkif;uGufw0ufrQ xkwfvdkufHkrQESifh
emrnfBuD;xdkufpef;*dkPf;rS 0gpOfBuD; odkif;q&mBuD;udk tvJwkdufckdufEdkifaMumif; awGY&aomtcg xdwfvefY
wkefvIyf oGm;Muawmh\/
odkYaomf vltrsm; pkaygif;rdjcif;onf tiftm;ukd jyoaponfhtwdkif; odkif;orm;rsm;onf wa,mufukd
wa,muf &Jaq;wif atmf[pfa<u;aMumfMu&if; vifh[lcsHK;ESihf &SefU0efYxif;wdkYudk tjyif;txef 0ifa&muf
wdkufcdkufMuawmh\/
rrQwaom wdkufyGJBuD;um; pwifvsuf &SdavNyD/
wbufwGif vlESpfa,mufrQom&SdNyD; usefwbufwGif wdkufEdkiforQaom vltm;vHk;0ifa&muf wkdufcdkufvsuf
&SdMuayNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
586
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&SefY0efYxif;ESifh vifh[lcsHK;wdkYrSm olwdkYwoufwm rBuHKpbl; xl;uJrsm;jym;vSaom vltkyfBuD;ESihf

&ifqdkifwdkufcku
d faeMu&avNyD/
tvl;tvJ ckcHae&onfqdku ydkrSefayrnf/
wbuf&efolrsm;rSm . . . wa,muf 'Pf&m&ygu ESpfa,mufrQ tpm;xkd;0ifa&mufwdkufckdufvmMuojzifh
wdkufyGJBuD;u tcsdefMumjrifhvmawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;rSm twGif;tm;aumif;ojzifh rsm;pGmcHomao;onf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm twGif;tm; vHk;0r&Sdojzifh
wjznf;jznf; vufyef;usvmawmh\/
rQtxd ckcHumuG,faeEdkifjcif;rSm vifh[cl sHK;\ tEdkifrcH tIH;ray;aom pdwf"mwfaMumifhomjzpfonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsHK;\ tajctaeukd wdkucf dkufae&if;rS aumif;pGmowdjyK tuJcwfrd\/
vifh[lcsHK;trnf&Sdaom vli,frSm rdrdbufrS taMumif;rJh 0ifa&mufulnDay;aeol jzpfonf/
vli,f\ "m;odkif;ynmrSm oluJhokdYaom 0gpOfBuD; odkif;q&mBuD;wa,muftzdkYyif ajczsm;vufzsm;
at;aponftxd aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;vSaomfvnf; olYtwGif;tm; vHk;0r&SdaMumif; awGYae&\/
yHkpHtwdkif;om qufvufwdkufcdkufaevQif vli,frSm rkcs towfcH&rnfrSm aocsmvSawmh\/
olYpdwfxJwGifvnf; yGifhvif;vSaom vli,ftay: oHa,mZOf jzpfrdonf/
xkdYaMumifh &SefY0efYxif;onf csufcsif;yif qHk;jzwfcsufwck csvkdufonf/ olonf avxJodkY ckefysHwufvu
dk fNyD;
ol\vufxJ&SdoHBudK;ukd a0SY,rf;vkduf\/
olYudk 0dkif;0ef;wkdufcdkufaeaom &efolrsm;onf kwfw&uf &SJoGm;Mu\/
xdktcdkuf &efol0dkif;xm;onfh pnf;tjyifodkY vQyfwjyufckefxGufvku
d fNyD; oHBudK;jzihf vifh[lcsHK;\cg;ukd
&pfywfqGJvkdufawmh\/ vihf[lcsHK;udk xrf;,lum vltkyfBuD;\ tjyifbufodkY kwfw&uf xGufajy;awmh\/
]]rdk;bk&ifBuD; ajy;NyDa[h . . . vkdufMu . . .}}
&SefY0efYxif;\ ukd,fazmhodkif;ynmrSm tvGefjrifhrm;vS\/ vifh[lcsHK;ukd xrf; ajy;&jcif;jzpfaomfvnf;
ol\ajcvSrf;rsm;rSm omrefodkif;orm;wa,mufxufyif ayhgyg;oGufvuf vsifjrefae\/
aemufbufrS . . . odkif;orm;rsm;uvnf; xufMuyfruGm vkdufvmMu\/
vdkufvm&mwGif NidrfoufwdwfqdwfpGm vkdufvmMujcif;r[kwf/ [pfatmf nmoHay; wcJeufaom
toHjyKvsuf tkwftkwfuRufuRuf vkdufvmMujcif;om jzpf\/
&SefY0efYxif;u kwfw&uf ajcvSrf;udk&yf jyefvSnfhMunfhvdkuf\/
aemufrSvkdufvmolrsm;teuf a&SYqHk;rS a&mufaeolrsm;u ajcvSrf;ukd wefYoGm;atmif uref;uwef;
&yfvdkufMuonf/
twGif;tm;aumif;aom odkif;orm;tcsdKUu &yfwefYEdkifMuaomfvnf; tcsdKUurl a&SUodkY t&SdefvGef xGufvm
awmh\/
xdkolrsm;onf &SefY0efYxif;qDodkY yHkysufyef;ysuf a&muf&SdoGm;Mu&m &SefY0efYxif;u ajcaxmufjzifh
uefxnfhvkdufawmh\/
xdkolrsm;rSm aemufrS vltkyfBuD; tMum;okdY vifhpOfxGufoGm;onf/
&SefY0efYxif;onf &efolrsm; kwfkwfoJoJjzpfaeonfukd tcGifhaumif;,lNyD; vihf[lcsHK;udk xrf; ajy;jyef
onf/
&efolrsm;onf aemufrS qufvkdufvmMuaomfvnf; tm;ukefxkwf rvkduf&JMuawmh/
xdktcg vkdufolEiS fh ajy;olwdkY wjznf;jznf; a0;oGm;avawmh\/
trSefpifppf rdk;bk&ifbGJU& &SefY0efYxif;rSm tvGefrmeBuD;oljzpfonf/ olYwoufwm uJhokdY xGufajy;
&onf[l wBudrfwcgrQ r&SdcJhay/ ,ckxGufajy;cJh&jcif;rSm vihf[lcsHK;tay: oHa,mZOfwG,frd jzpfonf/
xGufom xGufajy;vmcJh&aomfvnf; aemufrSvkdufvmolrsm;ukd rIefYrIefYnufnuf acsypfcsifpdwfu olY
zHk;vTrf;aewkef; jzpfaeao;\/ ajy;&if;vTm;&if; pOf;pm;aevkdufonf/
]]igwa,mufwnf;qdk&if 'DaumifawGeJY olaoukd,fao wkdufvdkY&w,f . . . 'DvltkyfBuD;xJu w0uf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
587
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmufudk i&Jjynftygac:NyD;rS igvnf;aorSm . . . bmepfemp&m&SdvJ . . . igaowmu ta&;rBuD;bl; . .

. 'Daumifav;u Mum;xJu oufouf ighbufu 0iful&Smw,f . . . 'Davmuf udk,fhtoufukd rESajrmbJeJY
pdwf&if;aumif;aumif;eJY 0ifulnDcJhwJhvludak wmh b,fenf;eJYrS raoapoifhbl; . . . 'DvdkrdwfaqGrsdK; b,frSmoGm;
&SmrvJ . . . toufab;BuHKvm&if ukd,fvGwfkef;ajy;MuwJh vlcsnf;yJ . . . oluawmh tJ'DvlawGxJrSm rygwJh
vli,f . . . 'Dawmh ightaeeJY b,fenf;eJYrqdk olYukd u,fwif&rSmyJ . . . }}
xkdodkYpOf;pm;vdu
k frdonfESihf ol\tm;tifukd ydkxkwfum tajy;EIef;ukd jrifhwifvdkufawmh\/
oHk;em&DcefYMumaomtcg awmifukef;wckoYdk a&muf&Sdvmawmh\/
wjznf;jznf; ajy;wufvmonfESifhtrQ tvGefjrifhrm;aMumif; owdjyKrdMuonf/
]]vihf[lcsHK; . . . rif;AdkufqmaeNyDvm;}}
vihf[lcsHK;u acgif;ndwfjy&if; . . .
]]q&mBuD;rSm bmpm;p&m ygao;ovJ}} [k jyefvnfar;vkduf\/
&SefY0efYxif;u tdwftwGif;rS xrif;ajcmufrsm;udk xkwfay;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsHK;rSm qmavmifaeoljzpf
tm;yg;w& pm;awmh\/
teD;tem;&Sd opfyifwyifatmuf 0iftem;,lvdkufMuonf/ vihf[lcsHK;url ol\e*dkADZtwdkif; rnfokdYrQ
tyltyifr&Sd[efjzifh aumif;uifBuD;ukd armhMunfhaeonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u &,f . . .
]]nDav; . . . rif;&Jhpw
d f"mwfu w,fxl;qef;ygvm; . . . 'Dvkd xl;xl;qef;qef; pdwfrsdK; waxmifrSm
wa,muf r&Sdbl;uG/ aemufNyD; rif;&JYtwGif;tm;uawmh vHk;0r&Sdbl; . . . "m;odkif;usawmh odyfaumif;aejyefa&m
. . . tm;vHk; txl;tqef;awGcsnf;yJ . . . }} [k ajymonf/
vifh[lcsHK;u rJhNyHK;NyHK;&if; . . .
]]tJ'gukdu uGsefawmhf&Jh 0#fayghAsm . . . uGsefawmhfukd,fxJrSm twGif;'Pf&mawG trsm;BuD;&Sdaew,f . . .
aozkdYuvnf; tawmfaumif;aeNyD . . . bmjzpfvkdY raoEdkifbJ jzpfae&ovJ rodygbl;Asm . . . uGsefawmfvnf;
udk,fh[mukd,f tawmfhukd xl;xl;qef;qef; jzpfaerdwmyJ . . . }}
]]nDav;&Jh twGi;f tm;u bmjzpfvdkY aysmufoGm;&wmvJ}}
vifh[lcsHK;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; . . .
]]'Dudpudk ajym&r,fqdk&if t&SnfBuD;As . . . &,fp&mvnf; aumif;w,f . . . 'Dvdk 'Dvdk . . . }}
0gqef;awmif rdrd rnfuJhokdY 'Pf&m&cJhonf/ xkd'Pff&m aysmufuif;&ef thHzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu
olwdkY\ twGif;tm;ajcmufrsdK;jzifh pdwfxifwdkif; ukoMuyHk/ aemufydkif; bkef;BuD;ykusufu ol\twGif;tm;jzifh
ukay;yHk ponf . . . ponfwdkYukd tptqHk; ajymjyavawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;uvnf; w[m;[m;&,f&if; . . .
]]at; . . . [kwfoa[h/ 'Davmuf xl;qef;wJh tjzpfrsdK; ighwoufrSm wcgrS rMum;zl;ygbl; . . .
tcknDav; ajymjyrSyJ Mum;zl;awmhw,f . . . wu,fhukd xl;qef;wmyJ . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;uvnf; &,faerdonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u olYbmom qufajym&if; &,fjyefonf/
]]nDav; . . . rif; acsmufuswmvnf; rajymeJYav . . . [dk . . . tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufeJY ykusufqdkwJh
wu,fh iaygBuD;awGeJY oGm;wdk;aewmukd; . . . [m; [m; [m; . . .}}
xdkpOf awmifuek f;\ atmufajcrS vlwa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]vuf,m&H . . . rif;xGufajy;vdkY rvGwfygbl; . . . vdrmprf;yg . . . igwdkYeJY twlwl *dkPf;csKyfBuD;qD
vkdufcJhprf;yg/ tJ'Dvkdvdkufvm&if rif;twGuf oufSmcGifh trsm;BuD;&r,f . . . 'DvkdxGufajy;aevdkYuawmh rif;
towfcH&wmeJYyJ ed*Hk;csKyfrSmyJ}}
&SefY0efYxif;rSm csufcsif; t&,f&yfoGm;NyD; rsufESmxm; wif;rmoGm;onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
588
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]awmuf . . . acG;aumifawG vdkufvmMujyefNyD}}

vihf[lcsHK;tm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]uJ . . . nDav;a& . . . 'DacG;aumifawGeJY vGwfuif;oGm;atmif ajy;vkdufMuOD;pkdY . . . }}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh vihf[lcsHK;ukd xrf; ajy;jyefawmhonf/ rsm;rMumrDyif awmifxdyfem;odkY a&mufvmawmh
\/ awmifxdyfem;wGif jrLESif;rsm;aMumifh wOD;udkwOD; MunfMunfvifvif rjrifEdkifMuawmh/
&SefY0efYxif;\ pdwfxJwGif wGufqaeonf/
]]tif; . . . ig awmifxdyaf y: ajy;wufvmwm odyfrSefoGm;w,f . . . awmifxdyftxd [dkaumifawG
wufvmzkdYu odyfrvG,fvSbl; . . . wufvmEdkif&ifvnf; vltkyfBuD;eJY 0dkif;rwdkufEdkifawmhbl; . . . wa,mufcsif;
wufvmvkdYuawmh . . . tm;vHk; tavmif;aumifawGcsnf; jzpfoGm;ap&r,f . . . }}
xdktcdkufrSmyif atmufrS atmfoHrsm; wjznf;jznf; eD;vmawmh\/ &SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsHK;ukd
ab;tE&m,f vGwfuif;aprnfh awmifauGUwae&m csxm;vdkufonf/ NyD;rS wdk;nif;aom avoHjzihf . . .
]]nDav; . . . toHrjyKeJYaemf }} [k ajymvkdufav\/
vifh[lcsHK;onf tauGUeH&HwGif jym;aeatmif uyfxm;vdkufonf/ &SefY0efYxif;onfvnf; awmifeH&H
ausmrSD uyfxm;onf/ twefMumrS atmufrS ajcoHrsm; eD;uyfvm\/
jrLESif;rsm;a0haeojzihf yxrOD;qHk; wufvmol ESpfa,mufonf &SefY0efYxif;ukd rjrifrdMu/
odkYaomf tenf;i,fausmfjzwfoGm;NyD;rS twGif;pdwf\vHIYaqmfrIaMumifh oHo,ruif;[efjzihf &yfvkduf&ef
[efjyifrdMuonf/
odkYaomf olwYdk todaemufusoGm;avNyD/
tenf;i,faemufusjcif;[lonf rsm;pGmaemufusjcif; jzpfonf [laom qdkdk;pum;yif &SdcJhonf r[kwfyg
avm/
olwkdY&yf&ef [efjyifvkdufonfhtcsdefwGifyif &SefY0efx
Y if;u vuf0g;ESpfzufudk dkufxkwfvkdufawmh\/
xkdolESpfa,mufrSm tenf;i,frQyif toHrxGufEkdifawmhyJ acsmufurf;yg;BuD;xJodkY usa&mufoGm;
avawmh\/
tcsdeftawmfMumrS xkdvlESpfa,muf\ cEmudk,fESihf ajrjyifdkufcwfonfh toHoJhoJhukd Mum;vkdufMu&onf/
vihf[lcsHK;\ pdwfxJwGif . . .
]]'DvlESpfa,muf . . . acsmufxJ usoGm;wkef;u bmjzpfvkdY ratmfMuwmygvdrhf . . . }}
wcPtwGif;rSmyif olYbmom tajzudk awG;vdkufEdkifonf/
]]aMomf . . . [kwfNyD [kwfNyD? olwdkYESpfa,muf b,fatmfEdkifawmhrvJ . . . q&mBuD; &SefY0efYxif;&Jh vuf0g;
ESpfzufudk cHvdu
k f&NyD;uwnf;u toufxGufoGm;NyDukd; . . . }}
&SefY0efYxif;u w[J[JESifh oabmus&if; ajymvdkufonf/
]]nDav; . . . 'DaumifESpfaumihftaMumif; Mum;zl;ovm;uG . . . olwdkYESpfa,mufu odkif;avmurSm
]Mu,fysHESpfvHk;} av; bmav;eJY [J [J [J . . . tckawmh tavmif;ysHawG jzpfoGm;MuNyD . . . }}
vifh[lcsHK;taejzifh ]Mu,fysHESpfvHk;} taMumif; aumif;pGmMum;zl;onf/
odkYaomf ,ck Mu,fysHESpfvHk;rSm bkrod brodjzifh aoqHk;oGm;Mu&onfudk awGYvkduf&aomtcg olwdkY
ukd,fpm; . . . pdwfraumif; jzpfrdjyefonf/
xdkpOf &SefY0efYxif;u . . .
]]nDav; vifh[lcsHK; . . . igwdkY qufajy;MupdkY . . . cHppfrSm ajrtaetxm;u odyfta&;BuD;w,f . . .
'DawmifauGYu rdkifESpfq,favmuf &Snfao;w,f . . . [dkbufxdyfa&muf&if 'DaumifawGukd vHk;0 aMumufp&m
r&Sdawmhbl; . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;ukd xrf; ajy;jyefawmh\/ vihf[lcsHK;u olYukd,fol aovlowfrSwNf yD;jzpfae at;at;aq;aq;
yif vkdufygoGm;awmh\/
aemufbufrS vdkufvmaom ajcoHrsm;udkvnf; xyfrHMum;&jyefonf/ wqufwnf;rSmyif vQdKU0Sufvufeuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
589
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ypfcwfoHukdyg Mum;vdkuf&\/
avoHukdMum;vdkuf&onfESihf vQdKU0Sufvufeufonf tawmfav;vHaom vufeufrSef; odvkdufMuonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsHK;ukd ab;em;odkYcsvkdufNyD; avxJ vGifhysHvmaom vQdKU0Sufvufeufudk zrf;,l
vdkufonf/
NyD;aemuf oluatmfvkdufonf/
]]&Sihf[kd . . . rif;uvnf; 'DvltkyfxJ ygaewmayhg [kwfvm; }}
jrLESif;rsm;tMum;rS vlwa,muf\toH vGiyfh sHvmonf/
]]rif;u odkif;avmuwckvHk;udk 'kuay;aewJhtaumifyJ . . . vlwdkif; rif;ukd okwfoif&Sif;vif;Edkifw,f . . .
rif;wa,mufavsmhoGm;&if odkif;avmu at;csrf;rIwrsdK; wdk;oGm;wmyJ . . . tydkawG ajymraeeJYawmh? uJ . . .
a&mh aemufxyf igh&JYvSHwdkav;wck jrnf;MunfhvkdufOD; . . . }}
xdkpOf avwdk;oH w0l;0l; Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
xkdolu vSHwdkav;[lom ajymonf/ wu,fypfvkdufonfhvSHwkdrsm;rSm ckepfck? &SpfckcefY &Sdonf/
&SefY0efYxif;udk y&d,m,fqif? tidkufzrf;NyD; ypfvTwfvkdufjcif;om jzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;onf vSHwdkrsm;\ aMumufrufzG,f&m avwdk;oHrsm;ukd Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &SefY0efYxif;twGuf
tvGefw&m pdwfyloGm;rdonf/
tenf;i,f owdayhgqonfESihf aoqHk;oGm;&ayawmhrnf/
vihf[lcsHK;\ pdk;&drfylyefrIu trSefwu,fyif jzpfay:vmcJhacsNyD/
xdk w'*FtwGif;rSmyif &SefY0efYxif;xHrS ]tm;} ceJ atmfoHBuD; Mum;vkduf&awmh\/
'Pf&m&oGm;[ef wlayonf/
vihf[lcsHK;onf tvefYwMum;jzihf &SefY0efYxif;xH ajy;oGm;Munfhvdkuf\/ olu pdk;&drfwBuD; avoHjzifh
ar;jref;rdonf/
]]q&mBuD; . . . 'Pf&m odyfjyif;ovm;}}
]]nD . . . nDav;? ig . . . igrjzpfawmhbl;/ rif; . . . rif; . . . vGwfatmif jrefjrefajy;ayawmh . . . }}
vihf[lcsHK;u jyefatmfvkdufonf/
]]usKyfukd b,fvdkaumifpm;rsm; atmufarhaevdkYvJ . . . cifAsm; aoumeD;rS usKyfu cifAsm;wa,mufwnf;
xm;NyD;ajy;&r,f [kwfvm; . . . usKyf b,fawmhrS roGm;bl; . . . aotwl &SiftwlyJ . . . wufvmMuyap . .
. usKyfraorcsif; cifAsm; raoap&bl;}}
atmufrS vkdufvmolrsm;rSm &SefY0efYxif;ESihf vifh[lcsHK;wdkY tjyeftvSef atmf[pfaeonfh pum;rsm;udk
aumif;pGmMum;Mu&onfjzpf&m . . .
]]&SefY0efYxif; 'Pf&m&oGm;NyDa[h . . . vSHwdk rSefoGm;NyD . . . wufMu . . . t&Sifzrf;Mu}} [k nmoHay;um
atmf[pfwufvm Muawmh\/
vltkyfBuD;xJrS q,fa,mufausmfausmfrQonf wyfOD;ozG,f a&SUqHk;rS ajy;vTm;csOf;uyfvmaeonf/
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jrif&onfawmh r[kwf/ jrLESif; tenf;i,fyg;oGm;csdefwGifrS jrifvdkufMu&jcif;jzpf\/
xdktcsdefrSmyif vifh[lcsHK;rSm xdwfvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
tb,fhaMumifhqadk omf olYab;rS tvGefjyif;xefvSaom tm;vdIif;wck jzwfoGm;onfudk cHpm;vkduf&
aomaMumifh aywnf;/
&SefY0efYxif;\ w[m;[m; &,farmoHBuD;udkvnf; tHhMopzG,f Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
olwkdYxHodkY ajy;vTm;csOf;uyfvmolrsm;xHrS emusifrItwdjzifh pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfoHrsm;ukdvnf; Mum;vdkuf
&awmhonf/
tvGefw&m OmPfrsm;vSaom &SefY0efYxif;aywnf;/
&SefY0efYxif;onf olYtm; vSrf;ypfcwfvu
dk fonfh vSHwdkuav;rsm;tm; zrf;,lvdkufNyD; 'Pf&m&oGm;[efjzifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
590
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
okyfygyg emMunf;pGm atmf[pfvkdufonf/

&efolrsm;u ol\y&d,m,fudk vHk;0 r&dyfrdMubJ owdvufvGwf ajy;vTm;csOf;uyfvmMupOf ol zrf;,l
xm;aom vSHwkrd sm;jzihf jyefvnf ypfcwfvkdufjcif;jzpfawmh\/
axmifacsmuf . . . / yd&daooyfpGm qifvdkufonfh axmifacsmufaywnf;/
a&SUwef;rS ajy;wufvmoltm;vHk; vSHwdkrsm; xdrSefaoqHk; oGm;Mu&awmh\/
trSefpifppf ,ckaoqHk;oGm;ol tm;vHk;vkdvdkrSm 0g&ifhodkif;orm;rsm; jzpfMuNyD; tawGUtBuHK tvGefrsm;
onf/
olwdkYtm; awmfHkwefHk y&d,m,fqif axmifacsmufqif r&Edkifay/
olwdkYtm;vHk; ae&m owdvufvGwf jzpfoGm;aponfh taMumif;oHk;csufaMumifhom toufay;oGm;&
jcif; jzpfonf/
yxrtcsuftm;jzifh awmifxdyf jrLESif;rsm; xlxyfpGmusaejcif;jzpf\/ 'kwd,tcsuftm;jzifh vihf[lcsHK;
\ pdk;&drfylyefpGm atmf[pfar;jref;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&jzpf\/
wwd,tcsuftm;jzifh &SefY0efYxif;\ emMunf;pGm atmf[pfoHaMumifh &SefY0efYxif;wa,muf trSefwu,f
'Pf&m&oGm;ayNyD[k ,HkMunfoGm;Mujcif;aMumifh jzpfayonf/
tcsufoHk;csuf aygif;pyfoGm;NyD; tm;vHk; tidkufrdoGm;Mujcif; jzpfayonf/
vdkufvmolrsm; tvJvJtuGJuGJ jzpfaecsdefwGif &SefY0efYxif;u vihf[lcsHK;ukd xrf; ol\tajy;c&D;ukd pwif
aeNyDjzpf\/ ajy;&if;vTm;&if;jzifh &SefY0efYxif;u vdIufvSJpGm csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]nDav; vifh[cl sHK; . . . rif;ukd ig u,f&usdK;eyfygay&JhuGm . . . rif;u wu,fopm&SdwJhvlyJukd; . . . }}
&SefY0efYxef;uJhodkYaom yk*dKvfrsdK;onf . . . touft&vnf;aumif;? odkif;orm;0gt&vnf;aumif;
tvGef0g&ifh touf&ifhol jzpfaeonf/
xkdYaMumihf tawGUtBuHK tvGefpHkonf/ vlrsdK;pHktaMumif; aumif;pGmodonf/
olonf awmfHkwefHkrQjzifh wOD;wa,muftm; pdwfvkdvuf& csD;usL;avhr&Sd/ tvGefcsD;usL;cJonf/
,ck vIdufvSJpGm csD;usL;vkdufonfhpum;onf vihf[lcsHK;tm; rdwfaqGppfwa,muftjzpf oabmxm;
vdkufNyDjzpfaMumif; jyovkdufjcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
olYtaeESifh yd&dpGm 'Pf&m&oGm;[efaqmifvkdufonfrSm tvGefwefzdk;&Sdaom [efaqmifrIw&yfjzpfoGm;\/
cJwvHk;ESifh iSufESpfaumif ypfvkdufonfh yHkES,fyifwnf;/
wbufwGifvnf; vifh[lcsHK;u rdrd'Pf&m&oGm;NyD[k xifaomfvnf; vHk;0xGufrajy;bJ rdrdESifh aotwl
&SifruGm aernf[k ol\opmw&m;udk &J0HhpGm azmfjycJhonfh tusdK;xl;ukd &chJonf/
tjcm;wbufwGifvnf; &efolwdkYtm; tidkufzrf;axmifacsmufqif okwfoifEdkifonhf tcGihfta&;xl;BuD;ukd
&&SdcJhonf/
&SefY0efYxif;onf rdrd\y&d,m,fqifaumif;rIaMumihf vifh[lcsHK;[laom? rdwfaqGppf rdwfaqGrSefwa,mufukd
rSwfausmufwifEdkifcJhonfukd tvGefauseyf tm;&aeayawmhonf/ xkdYaMumifh tm;wufoa&m qufvufajy;vTm;
aeawmh\/
vihf[lcsHK;url at;at;csrf;csrf; vkdufygvmonf/ &SefY0efYxif;\ tBuHOmPfaumif;yHkukd csD;usL;rdaomfvnf;
&efolq,fa,mufcefY rIrvS aoqHk;onfukdrl oem;wwfaom pdwf"mwftcH&Sdonfhtwdkif; oem;aejyefonf/
aemufrS&efolrsm;uvnf; qufvuf vkdufygNrJvdkufygaeMu\/ okdYaomf tem;odkYrl ruyf&JMu/
odkYjzifh wjznf;jznf; a0;uGmoGm;avawmh\/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
591
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ESif;qDa*[mBuD;
vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESpfa,mufrSm xdk&efolrsm;\ vufrSaemufqHk; vGwfajrmufcJhMu&onf/ aeYwpf0ufcefY
ajy;vTm;vm&aomtcg &SefY0efYxif;onf tvGefyifyef;vmNyD; vGefpGmqmavmifvmonf/
xdkYaMumifh aemufrS&efolrsm;udkvnf; tawmftwef pdwfcs&NyDudk od&Sdojzifh ausmufwHk;BuD; wpfwHk;ab;wGif
ESpfa,mufom;vS
J tem;,lvdkufMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl vSJtdyfvdkufonfESifh csufcsif; tdyfaysmfoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf tdrfrufrufvsufyif &SdaejyefacsNyD/
onfwpfBudrf... tdrfrufxJwGif ay:vmolrSm vdefvdefr[kwfawmh/ vif;vif; jzpfae\/ vif;vif;u
zm;uifrsm; ,lvmNyD; rdrdtm; vmay;onfudk awGY&onf/
olru rdrdtm; . . .
]]&Sif . . . uRefrudk arhaeNyDaygh [kwv
f m;}} [kar;onf/
rdrdu us,favmifaomtoHjzifh . . .
]]b,farhrvJ vif;vif;&,f . . . rarhbl; . . . b,fawmhrS rarhbl; . . . rif; tck b,fa&mufaeovJ . . .
ajymprf;}} [k jyefar;vdkuo
f nf/
xdkodkY ar;vdkufonfESifh vif;vif;wpfa,muf aysmufuG,foGm;awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh qufatmfaerdonf/
]]rif; . . . rif; roGm;eJY . . . ig rif;udk ar;p&mpum;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdao;w,f . . . rif;udk ajymp&m
trsm;BuD;&Sdao;w,f}}
atmf&if; [pf&if;jzifh tdyf&mrS vefYEdk;vmawmhonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;tm;Munfh w[D;[D; &,fum
...
]]bmvJ . . . tdrfrufxJrSm cspfoleJY awGUaevdkYvm; . . . bmawGrsm; ajymp&m trsm;BuD;&Sdae&wmvJ}} [k
ar;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsufESmwpfckvHk; &JwufoGm;awmhonf/ vli,fwpfa,mufrQomjzpfaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm
ESvHk;om;a&;&mudpESifh ywfoufvmvQif tonf;Ekol wpfa,mufjzpfonfhtjyif t&SufBuD;olvnf; jzpf\/
t&SufBuD;NyD; t&m&mudk pOf;pm;aeaomaMumifh t&dyfwpfMunfhMunfhjzifh wpfoufvHk; jrwfEdk;vmcJhaom vdefvdef
tm; pGefYvTwfch&J jcif; jzpfayonf/ rdrd\ O,smOfwGif;rS yef;uav;tm; rcl;&uf rerf;&uf jzpfaepOf tjcm;ol
wpfa,mufu 0ifa&mufcsKd;cl;oGm;ojzifh &ifusKd;oGm;&onfh O,smOfrSL;ES,f tonf;uGJcJh&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
592
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ck olYtdrfrufxJwGif olYtay: tMuifemw&m;BuD;rm;vSaom vif;vif;wpfa,muf BuD;pdk;vmavNyD/

tdrfruf ruf&mrS a,mif,rf;NyD; rnfonfhpum;rsm; ajymrdavonfrod/ &SefY0efYxif;wpfa,muf rdrdtm;
&,farmvsuf&daS vNyD/ xdkYaMumifh &SufaoG;vTrf;oGm;&jcif; jzpf\/
]]nDav; . . . rif;taeeJY rif;&JU cspfoludk awGYcsifw,fqdk&if udk,f&JU'Pf&mudk t&ifqHk;aysmufatmif
vkyfygOD; . . . 'Pf&maysmufawmhrS rdk;qHk;qHk; ajrqHk;qHk; &SmMuwmaygh . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &Suf&Sufjzifh . . .
]]uRefawmhfrSm cspfolr&Sdygbl; . . . aemufNyD; uRefawmfh'Pf&mu aysmufEdkifwJh 'Pf&mrsKd; r[kwfygbl; . . .
aocsdefudk apmifhae&wJh 'Pf&mrsKd;yg . . . orm;awmfBuD;ydef&duvnf; ajymNyD;ygNyD . . . 'gaMumifh uRefawmfu
bmudkrSvnf; *krpdkufawmhwmyg}} [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u kwfw&uf pOf;pm;vdkufNyD . . .
]]nDav; . . . 'Dvdkvkyf . . . rif;u ightoufudk 0ifu,fcJhwJhvlqadk wmh iguvnf; rif;&JUtoufudk jyef
u,fcsifw,f . . . ru,fEdkif&if wpfoufvHk; pdwfaumif;awmhrSm r[kwfbl; . . . rif;udk ae&mwpfae&m
ac:oGm;r,f . . . [dka&muf&if rif;'Pf&mudk ukudk ukEdkif&r,f . . . aysmufrSm aocsmw,fuGm . . . b,fES,fh
vJ}} [k ar;vdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm oltouf&Sifa&;twGuf vHk;0 arQmfvifhcsuf rxm;awmhay/ arQmfvifhcsuf r&Sdawmhjcif;twGuf
vnf; 0rf;enf;aMuuGJaevdrfhrnf r[kwaf cs/ aysmfaysmfae&if; aojcif;w&m;udk cH,lrnfholom jzpfonf/
odkYaomf ,ck pum;ajymaeolrSm omref odkif;orm;wpfa,mufr[kwf? &SefY0efYxif;jzpf\/ oluJhodkYaom
vlwpfa,muf\ EIwfxGufpum;rSm tvGefav;euf wefzdk;BuD;\/ NyD;NyD;aysmufaysmuf pum;rsKd;r[kwf? qdkcJap?
NrJapqdkaom vlpm;rsKd;jzpf\/ &SefY0efYxif;qdkolrSm odkif;ynmvnf; ol\q&mbdk;bdk; zkef;csif;NyD;vQif
tawmfqHk;vlwpfa,muf[k qdkEdkifavmufol jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh &SefY0efYxif;\pum;onf ydef;ydwfatmif rnf;arSmifaeaom tarSmifxkBuD;twGif;rS wvufvuf
jrif&aom tvif;a&mifuav;ozG,f tvGeftm;xm; ,Hkpm;&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;taejzifhvnf; trSefwu,fyif
0rf;omtm;wufrdonf/
xdkYaMumifh vif[
h lcsKH;u . . .
]]q . . . q&mBuD; wu,fajymwmvm; . . . uRefawmfawmh 0rf;omvdkY bmpum;ajym&rSef;awmif rod
awmhbl;}}
xdktcg &SefY0efYxif;u auseyfpGmNyHK; . . .
]]uJ . . . tck igwdkY vlwpfa,mufudk oGm;&Sm&rSmyJ . . . olY&JU pdwfxm;u tifrwefrSef;&cufw,f . . .
olYpdwfudku trsm;eJY rwlbl;? wpfrsKd;udk qef;w,f . . . olYudk t&if today;vdkYawmhrjzpfbl; . . . nDav; . . .
nDav;&JU a&m*gaysmufoGm;zdkYtwGuf tppt&m&m pDrHyghr,f . . . nDav;uom ig[m rif;twGuf apwemeJY
dk;dk;om;om; aqmifGufay;aewmvdkY ,Hk&if . . . ighudk,Hk&if . . . igpDrHovdk vdkufvkyfyg . . . ig a&SUu
vkyfoGm;wmudk nDav;u aemufuae rD;pifMunfhuyg . . .}} [k av;eufpGm ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]]uRefawmfhtaeeJY tpfudkBuD;tay: bmrS r,Hkp&m r&Sdygbl; . . . tpfudkBuD;u uRefawmhf aumif;usKd;udk
aqmifGufay;aewmyJ . . . aysmufraysmufuawmh uRefawmfh&JU ukodkvfyJ . . . raysmuf&ifvnf; udp r&Sdygbl;
. . .}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
593
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&SefY0efYxif;u vIdufvSJpGmzuf,rf;&if; . . .
]]'grS ighnDav;uG . . . pdwfcs pdwfcs . . . 'Dwpfa,mufeJY raysmufEdkifbl;qdk&ifawmif aemuf raysmuf
aysmufatmif ukay;r,fhvludk &Smr,f . . . urmajr rqHk;rcsif; vdkuf&Smay;r,f}} [k ajymavawmh\/
aemufwpfaeY . . .
eHeufrdk;aomuf tvif;a&mufvmacsNyD/
olwdkY c&D;pOfudk pwif&ef awmvrf;c&D;rS z,fcGmMuavawmhonf/ xdkawmvrf;c&D;rS rxGufcGmrD ESpfOD;om;
kyfzsufvdkufMu\/ odkYrSmom NrdKYvrf;c&D;&Sd &efolrsm;udkvnf; vTJa&SmifEdkifayvdrfhrnf/
&SefY0efYxif;onf ol\qHyiftm;vHk;udk &dwfy,fypfvdkuf\/ acgif;wHk;wpfa,muf jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;url rsufESmudk THrsm;? zkefrsm;jzifh ayaya&a& jzpfoGm;atmif vkyfvdkufonf/
&SefY0efYxif;onf ol\vufESpfzufudk tustdwfBuD;twGif;odkY xdk;xnfhxm;vdkufonf/ olYvufESpfzufrS
oHBudK;rsm;udkvnf; rawGU&awmhacs/ xdknpfywfaya&aeaom vlwpfa,mufESifh acgif;wHk;BuD;wpfa,mufwdkYtm;
kwfw&ufMunfhNyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;rS xkwfy,fxm;aom vifh[lcsKH;ESihf rdk;bk&ifBuD; &SefY0efYxif;[l rnfol wpfOD;
wpfa,mufurQ rodEdkifawmhay/
odkY qufvufc&D;ESifvmMu&m aemufwpf&uf ul;oGm;jyefawmhonf/ NrdKUi,fuav; wpfNrdKUtem;odkY
a&muf&SdvmMuojzifh qdkifwpfqdkifodkY0ifum &SefY0efYxif;u olYqDrSm ygvmaom a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;udk xkwfNyD;
aiGjym;rsm;jzifh vJvS,fvdkuf\/
olwdkYESpfa,mufonf wnf;cdkcef;wpfckodkY 0ifa&mufum tpm;taomufrsm;udk pdwfBudKufrSm,l pm;aomuf
Muawmh\/ &SefY0efYxif;rSm pm;aomufNyD;onfESifh csufcsif;vdkvdkyif tjyifodkY xGufcGmoGm;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;tm;
wnf;cdkcef;yif at;at;aq;aq; tem;,lae&ef ajymMum;cJh\/
wpfem&DausmfrQ Mumaomtcg &SefY0efYxif;wpfa,muf txkwfBuD; txkwfi,fxrf; jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
vmawmh\/ ol\ vufESpfzufwGifvnf; oHBudK;r&Sdawmhacs/ yef;yJzdkodkY oGm;a&mufjzwfcJh[efwlonf/ txkwf
BuD;udk jznfvkdufaomtcg tvGefawmufajymifaom ydk;zJtust0wftpm;rsm; jzpfaeawmh\/
]]nDav; . . . 'Dwpfcgawmh Murf;ydk;olcdk;awGvdk [efaqmifvdkY rjzpfawmhbl; . . . wu,fh ukefonfBuD;
awGvdk wu,fhola|;BuD;awGvdk [efaqmif&r,f . . . 'gaMumifh 'Dvdk om;om;em;em; t0wftpm;awG 0,fvm&
wmyJ . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;a&m olyg t0wftpm; topfrsm;udk vJvS,f 0wfqifvdkufonf/ qdkifjyifodkY a&mufaomtcg
olwdkYpD;&ef jrif;ESpfaumifudk tqifoifh csnfaESmifxm;onfudk awGUvdkufMu&\/
vifh[lcsKH;u &SefY0efYxif;qDodkY vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u NyHK; vufraxmifNyvdkuf\/
jrif;rsm;udk &SefY0efYxif; 0,fvmjcif; jzpfawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh jrif;udkd,fpDjzifh oufawmifhoufom c&D;quf
EdkifMuawmhonf/ vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; &SefY0efYxif;onf aiGudk a&vdkoHk;pGJvmonf/ wu,fh aMu;&wwf
ukefonfBuD;rsm; yrmyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rqdk/ &SefY0efYxif;pDro
H vdkom vdkufvkyfoGm;onf/ &SefY0efYxif;
udk,fwdkif rD;pifMunfhu&ef rSmxm;cJhonf r[kwfygavm/
&SefY0efYxif;u c&D;oGm;&if; odkif;avmurS odrSwfzG,f&mrsm; olBuHKawGUcJhzl;aom xl;xl;qef;qef; tjzpf
tysufrsm;udk ajymjyvm&m vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY tysif;vnf;ajy? A[kokwvnf; wdk;yGm;&awmhonf/
,ck olwdkY [efusL;NrdKUxJodkY qdkufa&mufvmcJhavonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
594
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
NrdKUxJodkY 0ifvdkufonfESifh tvGefw&m pnfum;crf;em;vSonfudk awGU&Sd&awmhonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u

[efusL;NrdKU\ tvStyESifh emrnftBuD;qHk;jzpfaom taemufzuf a&uefBuD;&Sd&modkY vifh[lcsKH;tm; ac:vm
onf/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; om,mvSyaom a&uefBuD;\tvSudk vifh[lcsKH;tm; awGUjrifcHpm; apcsifaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/
a&uefBuD;rSm BuD;rm;us,f0ef;vS\/ uefa&jyifrSm aMu;jyifuJhodkY jyefYjyL;aeonf/ urf;pyf&Sd opfyifyef;ref
rsm;ESifh tvGefyif vSywifhw,faeonf/ uefBuD;\ Icif;udk jrifvdkuf&onfESifh &ifxJ at;jroGm;awmh\/
ewfjynf&Sdaom ewfa&uefBuD;tvm; xifrSm;avmufayawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u . . .
]][efusL;NrdKUu wu,fyJ om,mwmyJuk;d . . . 'Dae&mudk uRefawmf a&mufcJhwJhtwGuf uRefawmf
uHaumif;w,fvdkY qdk&rSmyJ . . . uRefawmfu 'Dvdk at;at;csrf;csrf;eJY MunfEl;p&maumif;wJh jrifuGif;rsKd;
awGvnf; BudKufwmyJ . . .}}
&SefY0efYxif;u &,fvdkuf&if; . . .
]]nDav;u TwfaemufaemufeJY jzpfovdkaewwfw,fvo
dkY m ajymw,f . . . uAsmawmh tqefom;yJuG}} [k
ajymvdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;yg &,farmrdawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;onf ol\ jrif;ZufBudK;udk qGJvSnfhvdkufNyD; wpfae&modkY ac:aqmifoGm;jyefawmhonf/ xdkae&m
rSm a&uefBuD;ESifh a0;vSonf[k rqdkEdkifacs/ a&uefBuD;ESifh wHwdkif;wpfckom jcm;awmhonf/
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wpfyifwGif csnfvdkufNyD; &SefY0efYxif;u tkwfavSum;xpfrsm;twdkif; tay:odkY ajy;wufoGm;avawmh\/
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595
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
596
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597
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598
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scanned by NEO@mmcp

'kwd,tqifh wnf;jzwfol born41987
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hotrod
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hotrod
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zdwfac:vdkufNyD; xkdif&efae&mrsm; csxm;ay;\/ vufzuf&nfMurf;tdk;ESifh yef;uefrsm;vnf; csay;onf/
NyD;onfESifh tcef;wGif;odkY owif;ay;&ef0ifoGm;awmh\/ &SefY0efYxif;onf tcef;xJwGif wdwfqdwfpGmxdkifaeNyD;
twefMumrS vifh[lcsKH;tm; kwfw&uf vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
nDav; ... [kdyef;csDum;udk Munfhprf; ... vuf&m b,favmuf aumif;ovJ
ajymajymqkdqkdjzihf xkdif&mrSxum tcef;eH&HBuD;wGif csdwfqGJxm;aom yef;csDum;BuD;udk Munfhaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ,ck&ufrsm;twGif; &SefY0efYxif;ESifh pm;twl oGm;twl vmtwl aexkdifcJh&m &SefY0efYxif;rSm
tvGefw&m vdrmyg;eyfaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD;odcJh&\/ odkYaomf yef;csDynmESifhywfouf vHk;0 xufjruf
jcif;r&SdaMumif;vnf; odxm;cJh\/ ,ck &SefY0efYxif;u kwfw&uf x&yfvkdufNyD; yef;csDum;BuD;udk csD;usL;vkduf
onfudk awGU&aomtcg taMumif;wpfckck &Sdvdrhfrnf[k cefYrSef;rdvdkufonf/ xkdYaMumifh oluvnf; pdwfyg
vufyg xoGm;NyD; yef;csDum;BuD;udk tvGefpdwfyg0ifpm;[efjzifh Munhfvkdufawmh\/
yef;csDum;rSm awmawmifa&ajrrsm;udk a&;qGJxm;jcif;omjzpf\/ xkdyef;csDum;atmufwGif uAsmwpfyk'f
udkvnf; a&;om;xm;\/ xkduAsmpmvHk;rsm; a&;om;xm;[efurl tvGefyiftm;rmefygvSaMumif; awGU&\/
tyifh? twuf? tqGJ? tcs rsm;wGif tvGeftm;rmefygaejcif;jzpfonf/ wu,fh"g;csufrsm; twkdif;yif jzpfae
onf/ yef;csDkyfyHkxuf uAsma&;om;xm;yHku ydktoufygaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u toHus,fus,fjzihf tpfudkBuD; ... 'DuAsmpmvHk;awGudk Munfhvkdufprf;yg/ "g;odkif;uGufawGeJY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
602
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rwlbl;vm;/ uRefawmfhpdwfxifawmh a[monfpmvHk;awGxJrSm "g;okdif;uGufawGygaew,fvkdY xifwmyJ [k

ajymvkdufawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf taotcsmod ajymvkdufjcif;awmh r[kwfay/ pmvHk;rsm; tm;rmefygonfudkawmh
aumif;pGmodonf/ odkYaomf wu,fh"g;uGuf ygrygudkrl twdtusrod/ 0gqef;awmif ausmuf*leH&Hay:udk
owd&vkdufrdojzifh &rf;orf;ajymvdkufjcif;omjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\pum;udk &SefY0efYxif;u jyefvnf
rajz&ao;rDrSmyif pD;vifhu olwkdYaemufzufrS 0ifajymvdkufonf/
aemifBuD;zkef;csKH;u wu,fh"g;odkif;ynm&SifyJudk;/ usKyfwkdYocif wef;csef;u ajymzl;w,f/ 'Dyef;csDum;udk
qGJNyD;wmeJY t&ufodyfrl;oGm;owJh/ t&ufrl;rl;eJY 'DuAsmudka&;vkdufwkef;rSm "g;odkif;uGufawG ygoGm;owJh/ tck
aemifBuD;zkef;csKH;u 'DuAsmxJu "g;uGufawGudk jrifw,fqkdawmh usKyfocifwef;csef;u aemifBuD;udk rdwfaqG
&if;csmvdk oabmxm;awmhrSmyJ/ 'DtaMumif;udk usKyfudk,fwkdif 0ifajymjyvdkufr,f
pum;qHk;onfESifh pD;vifhu twGif;cef;odkY0ifoGm;awmh\/ &SefY0efx
Y if;\rsufESm jyHK;a,mifwpfcsuforf;
oGm;\/ xdkYaemuf acsmif;wpfcsuf[efYvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;udk vSrf;Munfum pum;ajymvdkuf\/
nDav; ... rif;u yef;csDynmudk wu,fem;vnfwmudk;
vifh[lcsKH;u avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh tpfudkBuD; ... uRefawmf bmrSem;rvnfbl;/ 'Dpum;u BuHKBudKufoGm;wm/
uHaumif;csifvdkYyJ [kajzvkduf\/
xkdtckduf olwkdYaemufuG,frS vlwpfa,muf\ us,favmifaomtoHudk Mum;vkduf&onf/
olu igh&JUuAsma&;[efxJu "g;odkif;uGufawGudk jrifw,f[kwfvm;/ b,frvJ tJ'Dvl ... tJ'Dvl
rsufpdtjrif tawmfoefw,f/ rqdk;bl;
atmfoHESifhtwl vlwpfa,mufxGufvmonfudk awGUvkduf&awmh\/ olYvufxJwGif t&ufwpfcGufudk
udkifxm;vsuf &Sdaeonf/ rsufESmuvnf; aomufxm;onfht&uf&deS faMumifh eDjref;aeonf/ pD;vifhu xkdol\
aemufzufrS uyfvdkufvm&if;
a[monfu aemifBuD; 2 a,muf[m aumif;qef;*dkPf;eJY 0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;awGygyJ/ aemifBuD;
xif;0efY eJY aemifBuD; zkef;csKH;ygwJh/ a[m'guawmh usKyfwkdYESif;qDa*[mBuD;&JU eHygwf 4 ocifBuD; wef;csef;ygyJ/
ocifBuD; ... a[m'D aemifBuD; zkef;csKH;uawmh ocifBuD;&JU uAsma&;[efxu
J "g;okdif;uGufudk jrifwJhvlygyJ [k
rdwfquf&if; &Sif;jyvdkuf\/
eHygwf 4 ocifBuD; wef;csef;u ,pfxkyfrsufpdjzihf vifh[lcsKH;tm; tuJcwfMunfhvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;
uvnf; wef;csef;tm; tuJcwfaeoljzpf&m wef;csef;\vufxJwGif ausmufpdrf;t&ufcGufukd udkifxm;NyD;
cGufxJwGif pyspft&ufudkxnfhxm;aMumif; owdjyKrdvdkufonf/ wGif wpfcgwkef;u avSay:wGif usLcsef;
ajymcJhzl;aom rnfonfht&ufcGufrsKd;wGif rnfonfht&ufrsKd; xnfhaomufoifhonf qdkonfh t&uf#Dumudk
csufcsif; owd&vdkufrd\/ xkdtcsufudktoHk;cs&ef qHk;jzwfvkdufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;u kwfjcnf;jyHK;&,fvdkufum
q&mBuD;u wu,fhudk t&ufaumif;aomufwwfwJhvlyJ/ ausmufpdrf;t&ufcGufeJY pyspfoD;t&uf[m
toifhavsmfqHk;yJ/ 'DcGufeJY 'Dt&uf wGJaomufwwfwJhvlrsKd;udkrS wu,fht&ufaumif; aomufwwfwJhvlvkdY
ac:wm [kajymvkdufavawmh\/
xkdtcg eHygwf 4 ocifBuD; wef;csef;rSm rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;NyD; vifh[lcsKH;\vufudk qGJukdifvIyf,rf;um
atmf[pf vdkufawmhonf/
[m; [m; [m; ... 'grS ighrdwfaqGuG/ vmMu ... vmMu .. igwdkY t&ufoGm;aomufMu&atmif ... nDav;
... igu yef;csDum;BudKufw,f/ "g;vnf;BudKufw,f/ 'gayr,fh t&ufudkawmh tBudKufqHk;yJ/ igraomufzl;wJh
t&ufu cyf&Sm;&Sm;yJ
vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf tvGef0rf;omoGm;awmh\/ rkwfqdwfysm;pGJ qdkonfhpum;onf olYtwGufyif jzpfae
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
603
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmh\/ pdwfxJrS
yef;csDum; qGJckdif;&if igqGJwwfrSm r[kwfbl;/ oleJY "g;csif;,SOf&&ifvnf; odyfredyfbl;/ tckvdk t&uf
aomufckdif;wmuawmh ightzdkY taumif;qHk;yJ/ iguvnf; t&ufBudKufwmeJYawmh [efusNyD
odkYjzifh olwkdYtm;vHk; wef;csef;\t&ufcef;xJodYk a&mufoGm;Muawmh\/ tcef;xJ 0ifvdkufonfESifh
t&ufrsKd;pHk\ &eHYrsm;udk SLSdKufvdkufrdMuonf/ t&ufeHYrsm;udk SLSdKufvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;u t&uftrsKd;trnf
rsm;udk wpfckcsif; cGJjcm;ajymjyvkdufonf/ wef;csef;u vufckyfvuf0g;wD;NyD; w[m;[m; &,faeawmh\/
tvGef0rf;omtm;&[efjzifh ]]BudKufNyD ... BudKufNyD ... ighnDav;[m wu,fudk t&uftaMumif; aumif;aumif;
em;vnfwmudk;}}
odkYESifh olwkdYonf t&ufrsKd;pHkudk pwifaomufMuavawmh\/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
604
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aoG;tefusm;uGuf
odkYESifh olwkdYonf pum;wajymajymjzifh t&ufaomufvsuf&SdMuNyD; cPtMumwGif wef;csef;u t&uf
aomuf&if; wpfckckvdk t&omrawGUonfhykpH Hjzihf t&ufcGufudkarmh&if; rsufESmIHUvkdufonf/ xdktjyKtrludk
&SefY0efYxif;u awGUjrifoGm;ojzifh wef;csef;tm;
bmrsm; tvdk&SdaevdkYvJ nDav;& [k ar;vkduf\/
wef;csef;u t&ufaomuf&if; tpfudkav; a[;ayusd&JU tultnDudk vdkcsifvdkYyg [kjyefajymvdkufonf/
a[;ayusdu bm tultnDvkdaejyefvYv
dk J nDav;&JU [k wef;csef;tm; jyefar;vdkufonf/
wef;csef;u tpfukdav;&JU a&cJwJhynmukd jyprf;yg tpfudkav;&m/ 'Du oli,fcsif; 2 a,mufu Munfhcsif
vdkYwJh
a[;ayusdu rxHkwufaw; trlt&mjzifh 'Drjzpfpavmuf ynmav;udk xkwfjyvdkY olrsm;u &,frSmaygh/
tpfudkav;&JU t&Sufudk rcGJcsifprf;ygeJY [kjyefajymvdkufonf/
tpfudkav; ... trSeftwkdif; ajym&&ifawmh t&ufeJYywfoufaevdkY tpfudkav;udk a&cJvkyfckdif;&wmyg/
'Dvkd tpfukdav;& ... 'DurdwfaqG zkef;csKH;uajymw,f/ 'Dvkd t&ufrsKd;aomuf&if a&cJxnfhjyD;aomufrS ykdNyD;
aomufvkdYaumif;w,fwJh ... tckaEG&moDqkdawmh b,frSm a&cJ&EdkifrSmvJ
'Dt&ufu 'Davmuf aumif;aewJhOpm ... a&cJxnfhaomufzYdk vdkao;vdkYvm; nDav;&m
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;u [kwfygw,f/ 'Dt&ufu olYtwkdif;udkaumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dt&ufudk tylydkif;
a'oucsufenf;eJY csufwmqkdawmh 'Dt&ufxJrSm tyl"gwf taiGUtoufawG &Sdaeygw,f/ 'DtaiGUtoufawG
avsmhyg;oGm;atmif a&cJxnfh&wmyg/ a&cJxnfhvdkuf&if tyltaiGUtoufawGudk owfvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;NyD;
tat;"gwfeJY oroGm;ygw,f/ aomufwht
J cg t&omvnf; ydkaumif;oGm;ygw,f
xdktcg &SefY0efYxif;uvnf; pum;0dkif;twGif; 0ifvmawmh\/
[kwfw,f/ 'gu usm;xkd;ovdkyJ/ usm;ynmnHhwJhvlawGuawmh *rl;&SL;xdk;eJY wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf
tuGJtjyJ tjywftowfEkdifatmif t&rf;xkd;MuwmyJ/ wu,fusm;ynm tqifhjrifhwJhvluawmh orm"d&SdwJh
bkef;BuD; &[ef;awGvdk at;at;aq;aq;yJ xkd;Muw,f
&SefY0efYxif;\pum;udk qHk;atmif at;at;aq;aq; em;raxmifEkdifawmhyJ a[;ayusdu &SefY0efYxif;\ykcHk;udk
qGJum ajymvkdufonf/
cifAsm;uvnf; usm;xdk;wwfwmudk;
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK; ajymvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
605
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usLyfwpfoufrSm 0goemtygqHk;u usm;upm;wmyJ/ 'gaMumifh usKyfu te,fe,ft&yf&yfvSnhNf yD;awmh

emrnfBuD;usm;q&mawG&JU taumif;qHk;usm;uGufawGudk &SmazGpkaqmif;cJhygw,f/ pkaqmif;w,fqdkwm ty&du
uav;upm;ovkd pkaqmif;wmr[kwfbl;/ tckacwf usm;q&mawG&JU upm;uGufawGa&m? [dk;a&S;a[mif; usm;
q&mawG&JU upm;uGufawGa&m tm;vHk;udk pkaqmif;cJhwmyg/ 0goemqkdawmhvnf; 'DvkdyJtyifyef;cH&wmaygh
av/ erlemajym&&if emrnfBuD; a&S;a[mif;usm;q&mBuD; 0rfusufeJY &aohBuD; [dkqef; xdk;cJhwJh tuGufawG ..
vsKdUcsKH;eJY vlqef;awmifu q&mBuD; &d&Srf;xkd;cJhwJh tuGufawG ...
a[;ayusdu 'gawGtm;vHk; '@m&D pum;awGyg/ 'Dvkdusm;uGufrsKd; b,f&SdEkdifyghrvJ/ b,folaum
odcJhMuvdkYvJ/ wu,fyJ 'Dvdkusm;uGufrsKd; &SdcJhvdkYvm;
&SefY0efYxif;u usKyfvnf; tpwkef;uawmh yHkjyif'@m&Dpum;vdYyk J xifcJhwm/ 'gayr,fh te,fe,f
t&yf&yfudk vSnfhvnfNyD; &SmazGpkaqmif;awmhrS 'Dusm;uGufawG wu,f&SdcJhw,fqkdwmudk od&awmhwmuvm;/
bmjzpfvdkY usKyfu 'Davmuf taotcsm ajymaewmudk od&JYvm;/ 'Dusm;uGufawGudk usKyfudk,fwkdif pkaqmif;Ekdif
cJhvdkY taotcsm ajymEkdifwmaygh/ 'Dusm;uGufawG&JUynmuawmh wu,fhudk tHhrcef; eufeJwmyJ/ omrefvlawG
vHk;0OmPf rrSDEdkifygbl;/ 'DtuGufawG[m tifrwef xl;jcm;eufeJw,fqdkwmudk vlNydef;awGtaeeJY b,fvdkrS
rodEkdifygbl;
xdktcg a[;ayusd pdwfvIyf&Sm;vmonf/
emrnfBuD; usm;q&mBuD; 0rfusufeJY &aohBuD; [dkqef; xdk;cJhwJhyGJrSm usm;q&mBuD; 0rfusuf aemufqHk;
aoG;tefNyD; IH;edrfhoGm;&w,fvdkY Mum;zl;w,f/ 'gaMumifh 0rfusufIH;cJhwJhtuGufudk aoG;tefusm;uGuf vdkY
ac:owJh/ wu,fyJ 'Dusm;uGufrsKd; &Sdovm;
[kwfygw,f/ &SdvdkYyJ owif;Mum;aeMu&wmaygh/ 'Dusm;uGufawGudk aoG;tefusm;uGuf vdkY ac:wm
odyfawmh rrSm;ygbl;av/ bmjzpfvv
dkY Jqdkawmh ...
wu,faoG;tefEdkifvYv
dk m;
[m ... bmajymaumif;rvJ/ wu,fhudk onf;xdwf&ifwkefp&maumif;wJh tuGufawGyJ/ usKyfu vGefcJhwJh
10 ESpfausmfu MunfhcJhwm jzpfayr,fh ckxufxd rarhEkdifao;ygbl;/ wpfoufvHk;vnf; arhrSm r[kwfawmhbl;/
tuGuftm;vHk;aygif; wpf&meJY q,fhwpfuGuf &Sdw,f
a[;ayusdu kwfjcnf;yif zdwfac:vkdufonf/
uJAsm ... vmyg/ usKyf&JU usm;xdk;wJhtcef;udk oGm;Mu&atmif/ usKyfukd tJonftuGufawG jyefpDjyprf;yg
xdkpOf wef;csef;u uref;uwef; wm;qD;vkdufonf/
tpfudkav; ... uRefawmfhtwGuf a&cJ vkyfcJhay;ygOD;
a[;ayusdu pdwfr&Snf[efjzihf ajymvdkufonf/
nDav;u odyfIyfwmyJuGm ... uJ ... txJrmS b,fol&SdovJa[h ... a&cJwpfwHk; jrefjref,lcJhprf;
csufcsif;vkdvdkyif a&cJwHk;wpfwHk; a&mufvmawmh\/
ajzmif; ... ajzmif; ... ajzmif; ... ajzmif; ...
&SefY0efYxif;ESihf vifh[lcsKH;wdkY\ vufckyfMobmoHrsm; wpfcef;vHk;udk qlnHoGm;onf/ taMumif;rSmum;
,if;a'oonf tvGefa&cJ&Sm;yg;aoma'o jzpfaomaMumifh 0rf;omtm;&jzpfNyD; vufckyfMobmwD;jcif; jzpf\/
xdkYaemuf wef;csef;u a&cJudk xkcGJvdkufum t&ufcGufxJodkY a&cJwpfwHk; xnfhvkduf\/ cGufudk tenf;i,f
vIyf,rf;vkdufNyD; armhaomufvdkufaomtcg wu,fyif t&omwpfrsKd; xl;uJoGm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
tm; ... wu,fhukd aumif;wmyJ/ ighnDav; zkef;csKH;uawmh t&ufaomufwwfygayhuGm
wef;csef;onf EIwfcrf;ukd vQmjzifhoyf&if; vifh[lcsKH;udk tm;&yg;& csD;usL;vdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
606
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdpOf a[;ayusdu &SefY0efYxif;\ vufudkqGJum uJ ... vm ... olwkdYudpNyD;oGm;jyD/ usKyfwkdY&JU aoG;tef

usm;uGuf udk oGm;Munfh&atmif [k ac:avawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;udk vSrf;ac:vkdufojzihf vifh[lcsKH;uvnf;
aumif;w,f ... usKyfwkdYtm;vHk; t&ufudk ZdrfcHaomuf&if;eJY emrnfBuD; usm;uGufudk MunhfMuwmaygh [k
wef;csef;tm; ajymvdkufonf/
xkdYaemuf olwkdY 4 a,mufpvHk; a[;ayusd\ usm;upm;aomtcef;xJodkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u usm;cHkwGif xkdifvdkufNyD; usm;uGufay: usm;aumifrsm;udk wpfaumifNyD;wpfaumif pDaeawmh\/
yGJponfESifh usm;uGufrsm;\ tajctaerSm tvGefw&m jyif;xefaeavNyD/ a[;ayusdrSm &SefY0efYxif; aTUaeonfh
usm;uGuf rsm;udkMunfh&if; ezl;rS acR;oD;acR;aygufBuD;rsm; usaeawmh\/ um; a[;ayusd\ usm;upm;jcif;
tay: rnfrQ tav;teufxm;&Sdonfqdkonfhtcsufudk jyjcif;aywnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf ESif;qDa*[mBuD;ESifhywfoufNyD; &SefY0efYxif;\ BudKwifjyifqifxm;rIrsm;udk dk;wkd;
&dyfwdwf oabmaygufvmonf/ &SefY0efYxif;onf a[;ayusd\ aysmhuGufudk aumif;pGmodxm;[efwl\/
xkdpOfrSmyif &SefY0efYxif;u usm;wpfaumifudk vufjzifhudkifvdkufonf/ odkYaomf qufawmhraTYay/ a[;ayusdu
tavmwBuD; wkdufwGef;vIHYaqmfvdkufawmhonf/
aemuf ... aemuf ... b,ftuGufudk wufrSmvJ
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK; ajymvdkufonf/
aemufwpfuGufudk usKyfwufjyvdkuf&if vG,fvG,fuav; wufjyvdkY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh usKyfwufwmudk
MunfhkHMunfhaewmxuf b,ftuGufawGudk wuf&if aumif;r,fqkdwm pOf;pm;wmu ydkNyD; OmPf&nfoGuf
rvmEkdifbl;vm;/ tckwufr,fhwpfuGufu odyfaumif;w,f/ q&mBuD;taeeJY b,ftuGufudkaTU&if aumif;r,f
vdkY xifovJ
a[;ayusdu &SefY0efYxif; pum;udk vufcH[efjzihf aocsmpGm pOf;pm;ae\/ odkYaomf olYtaejzihf rnfrQyif
pOf;pm;apumrl rnfonfhusm;uGufuakd TUoifhaMumif; vHk;0rpOf;pm;EkdifyJ jzpfae\/ olYtpfudkav; a[;ayusd\
rsufESm pdrf;jymjym ta&mifrsm; ,Suforf;vmonfudk awGU&aomtcg wef;csef;u
aemifMuD; xif;0efU ... 'Dusm;uGufeJY emrnfuvnf; aoG;tefusm;uGuf wJh/ cifAsm;u emrnfeJY
vdkufoGm;atmif usKyf&JUtpfudkav;udk wu,faoG;tefatmif vkyfawmhrvdkYvm;/ aemufwpfuGufudk jrefjref
aTUygawmh
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK;vkdufNyD; aumif;jyD/ usKyfaTUjyr,f/ eHygwf 67 ajrmuftuGufu 'DvkdaTUcJhMuw,f [k
ajymjyD;onfESifh aTUjyvdkuf\/
xdktcgwGifrS a[;ayusdrSm olYaygifudk jzef;ueJ ykwfvdkufNyD; atmf[pfvku
d f\/
odyfaumif;wJh tuGufygvm;/ 'DtuGufudkaTUwm odyfaumif;wmyJ/ b,fvkdrS arQmfvifhrxm;wJhtuGufudk
aTUvdkufwmyJ
&SefY0efYxif;u 0rfusuf&JU 'DwpfuGufu aumif;wmawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh &aohBuD;[dkqef;&JU
aemufwpfuGufu ydkawmifaumif;ao;w,f/ cifAsm;pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;
a[;ayusdu rdrdOmPf&nfrrDyg [laomoabmjzifh acgif;udk cgjy&if;
usKyfpOf;pm;vkdY r&awmhygbl;/ cifAsm;yJ aTUjyygawmh [k awmif;yefvku
d fonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK;aphaphvkyfae\/ usm;uGufudk aTUjy&efrajymESifh? usm;aumifudkyif vufjzifh rukdifawmh
acs/ a[;ayusdonf csufcsif;oabmayguf oGm;awmhonf/ &SefY0efYxif;onf tuGufudk vG,fvG,fululESifh
aTUjyawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ wpfckck awmif;qkdawmhrnfudk &dyfrdvkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
607
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aemifMuD; xif;0efY ... cifAsm;uom 'Dusm;uGufudk tptqHk;upm;jy&if usKyfuvnf; wef&mwefzdk;

jyefay;rSmyg ... tvum; rupm;jycdkif;ygbl; [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
J Gif vufpowfawmh tpfudkBuD;u 'Denf;eJY igha&m*gudk ukcdkif;awmhrSmudk; [k awG;
vdkuf\/
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tJonf &nfG,fcsufeJY usKyfwkdY vmcJhMuwm r[kwfbl;/ cifAsm;taeeJY tJonfpum;ajymwmuawmh usKyfwkdYudk
txifao;&m usygw,f [kajymvkduo
f nf/
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pm;wrf;wpfck vkyfrvdkY vmcJhMuwmyg
a[;ayusdESihf wef;csef;wkdY 2 a,mufpvHk; tmar#dwfoHrsm;jzifh ar;rdMuavawmhonf/
Asm ... avmif;r,f ...
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cifAsm;wkdY ESif;qDa*[mxJu b,folurS r,SOfEkdifygbl; ... 'gudk avmif;wrf;pm;wrf; vkyfcsifvdkYyg
a[;ayusdESihf wef;csef;wkdY 2 a,mufvHk;u vifh[lcsKH;udk zswfueJBunfhrdMuawmh\/ a[;ayusduawmh
ol\ tHhtm;oifhrIudk jyefvnfxdef;csKyf xm;vkdufEkdifonf/ wef;csef;uawmh w[m;[m; &,faeawmh\/
tm;&yg;& &,fvkdufjyD;rS
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tvGefw&m wefzdk;BuD;vSaom ypnf;wpfckudk w,kw,xkwfaeyHkESifh tvGefwlonf/ wef;csef;onf xkdyef;csD
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wufapvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhrxm;cJhacs/ ,ckrl ol rarQmfvifhonfwkdY jzpfay:vmonfudkawGU&aomtcg tvGef
csD;usL;tHhMordawmh\/
olu aemifBuD;xif;0efY&JU okdif;ynmu wu,faumif;wmyguvm;/ usKyfwkdYnDtpfudk 4 a,mufxuf
rnHhbl;AsKdU/ tHha&m ... tHha&m
&SefY0efYxif;u NyHK; q&mBuD;wkdY 4 a,mufrSm "g;odkif;ynmuvGJ&if usefwJhodkif;ynmrSm usKyfwkdYudk
>cif;csufr&Sd EkdifEkdifygw,f [k ajymvdkufawmh\/
wef;csef;u rsufarSmifukwfoGm;um "g;odkif;ynmuvGJ&if [kwfvm;/ usKyf"g;odkif;u olYudk wu,frrSD
bl;vm;/ olY"g;okdif;ua&m tJ'Davmuf aumif;aeovm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
608
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK;um cifAsm;wkdYukd yef;csDpmvHk; jy&OD;r,f

ajymajymqkdqdkjzifh olYtdwftwGif;rS ydwfcsyfwpfcsyfudk xkwf,lzGifhjyvdkufonf/ xdkydwfcsyfay:wGif yef;csD
pmvHk;rsm; a&;qGJxm;onf/ xkdtcg wef;csef;u tvefYwMum; atmf[pfac:iifaeawmh\/
tpfudk ... jrefjrefvm ... jrefjrefvm ... tifrwef ta&;BuD;w,f
twefi,fvSrf;onfh tcef;wpfcef;qDrS vlwpfa,muf\ jyefar;oHudk Mum;vkduf&\/
bmawGjzpfaevdkY 'Davmufawmif atmfae&wmvJ
wef;csef;url xyfatmfvsufyif &Sdonf/
tpfudk jrefjrefvmaemf/ rvm&if tpfudkYtonf;pGJav;udk awGU&rSmr[kwfbl;/ aemufrS,lBuHK;r& woo
jzpfraeeJY
xdktcsdefwGif vifh[lcsKH;wdkY&Sd&m tcef;twGif;odkY vlwpfa,muf avQmuf0ifvmcJhacsNyD/ t&yfykyk? vlu
cyf00? vufwGifvnf; pkwfwHwpfacsmif; ukdifxm;\/ &SefY0efYxif;\ vufxJrS t&mudk jrifNyD;aomtcg xkdvlu
yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpfoGm;&mrS xpfxpfaighaighjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
'g ... 'g ... wefrif;qufu q&mBuD; usef; TD;&JU vufa&;uAsm tppfyJ
wef;csef;u rdwfqufay;onf/
'guawmh usKyf&JUtpfudk eHygwf 3 yJ/ emrnfu acghydtkef;wJh/ oluawmh vufa&;yef;csDudk odyf0goem
ygw,f/ 'gaMumifh olYudk r&ruvSrf;ac:&wm/ [J [J [J ... tckawmh jrifwJhtwkdif;yJ
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif 'kef;'kef;usoGm;avawmh\/
tif; ... tpfudkBuD;&SefY0efYxif; 'Dwpfcg 'Dudkvmwmu tm;vHk;udk pepfwus BudKwifjyifqifNyD;
vmwmyJudk;/ vpfuGuf[muGufr&Sdtmif BudKBudKwifwif pDrHvmwmyJ/ 'Dypnf;awGudk olb,fvdkrsm; pkaqmif;cJh
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xdktcsdefwGif &SefY0efYxif;wpfa,mufrSm ol\ydwfcsyfudk jyefvnfodrf;qnf;NyD;oGm;avNyD/ acghydtkef;rSmrl
ausmufkyfBuD;wpfkyftvm; &SefY0efYxif;\ tdwfBuD;ukd ai;pdkufMunhfaerdawmh\/ twefMumrS touf0ifvm
ouJhokdY vIyf&Sm;vmNyD; &SefY0efYxif;tm; ar;vdkufonf/
'gudk bmeJY vJrSmvJ
&SefY0efYxif;u acgif;udk cg,rf;jyvdkufonf/ wef;csef;u ol\ tpfudkeHygwf 3 acghydtkef;tm; avmif;wrf;
pm;wrf;udpudk &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
tpfudk ... 'Dvlul;aygaygeJY uRefawmfwkdYudk vmNyD;pdefac:aew,f/ "g;odkif;ynmeJY ywfoufvm&if
a[monf ESif;qDa*[mxJu vlawGxJu b,folrS aemifBuD;zkef;csKH;udk r,SOfNydKifEkdib
f l;wJh/ tJ'gudk avmif;aMu;
pm;aMu; vkyfcsifw,fwJh
acghydtkef;u wu,fvdkY igwkdYu Ekdif&if ...
&SefY0efYxif;u kwfw&uf 0ifajzay;vkdufonf/
wu,fvkdY q&mBuD;wkdYuEkdifcJhvdkY&Sd&if a[monfyef;csDpmvHk;awGa&;xm;wJh wefrif;qufu ydwfum;csyfudk
cifAsm;ukd ay;r,f/ [kdusm;uGufudkawmh q&mBuD; a[;ayusdudk jyay;cJhr,f/ q&mBuD; wef;csef;twGufawmh
yef;csDum;BuD; ay;cJhr,f
acghydtkef;u tck cifAsm;ay;r,fqw
dk Jh ypnf;awG&JUwefzdk;u enf;wmr[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh usKyfwkdYu
nDtpfudk 4 a,mufAs/ tckcifAsm;ay;r,fh ypnf;awGu 3 a,muftwGuyf J &Sdao;w,f/ usKyfwkdY&JU tpfudkBuD;
twGufa&m cifAsm;u bmay;rSmvJ
&SefY0efYxif;u jyHK; usKyfnDav; zkef;csKH;qDrSm tifrwef cufcJeufeJwJh taumif;qHk; aw;*Dwpmtkyf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
609
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wpftkyf &Sdygw,f/ odkif;avmu\pdefac:oH vkdYac:w,f/ 'Daw;*Dwpmtkyfu cufcJeufeJvGef;vkdY awmfkHwefkH

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vdkufavawmh\/
tcef;xJ &SdaeMuaom nDtpfudk 3 a,mufpvHk; odkif;avmu\ pdefac:oH [lonfh aw;*DwpmtkyfESifh
ywfouf wpfpGef;wpfprQ rMum;zl;Muay/ odkYaomf apmapmwkef;u xkwfjyaom ypnf;rsm;ESifh,SOf tuJcwf
&vQif xkdaw;*DwpmtkyfrSmvnf; taumif;wumh taumif;qHk;xJrS ypnf;wpfck jzpfrnfrSef; cefYrSef;&dyfrdvdkuf
Muonf/
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usKyfwdkYu rEkdifcJh&ifaum ... usKyfwkdYbmjyefNyD; avsmf&rvJ
&SefY0efYxif;u usKyfwkdY 'DuaeY 'Dudkvmwm bmvkdcsifwJh &nfG,fcsufrSr&Sdbl;/ cifAsm;wkdYeJY rdwfaqGjzpfkH
oufoufyJ/ rdwfaqG&vkdufwm tjrwfaygh
aMomf ... zkef;csKH;u emrnfBuD;csifvdkY a&mufvmwmudk;/ tif; ... tBuHuawmh rqkd;bl;/ awmifykdif; &Jav;
azmfukd wpfcsufwnf;eJY tEkdif,lEdkiw
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vlwpfa,muf jzpfoGm;awmhrSmyJ
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r[kwfygbl;/ 'DuaeYNydKifwJhudpudk usKyfwkdYqDu vHk;0raygufMum;ap&bl;vdkY uwday;ygw,f/ 'guawmh
usKyfwkdYudk cifAsm;wkdYu ,HkMunfw,f qdk&ifayghav/ ... usKyfwkdYtaeeJY vm&wmuawmh usKyfnDav; zkef;csKH;&JU
"g;odkif;ynmudk rSwfausmufwifzdkYygyJ/ taMumif;uawmh 'gygyJ
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'Dawmh igeJY zke;f csKH;eJY "g;odkif;ynm zvS,fMunfh&wmaygh/ rif;&JU "g;aum b,frSmvJ
&SefY0efYxif;u ESif;qDa*[mxJudk vufeufawGudkifNyD; 0ifvm&if rav;pm;&musoGm;rSmaygh
wef;csef;u atmf[pfjyD; awmif;vkdufonf/
"g; 2 vuf ,lvmcJhMuprf;
xdktcg tdrfapmifhrsm;jzpfaom pD;vifhESifh wif;usef;wkdY 2 a,mufu "g;wpfacsmif;pD ,laqmifvmMu
awmh\/ wpfacsmif;udk wef;csef;u ,lvdkufNyD; wpfacsmif;udkrl vifh[lcsKH;qD ydkYckdif;vkduf\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm
tawmfyif tusyfdkufaeawmhonf/ olYtaejzifh tdrfxJwGif "g;odkif;r,SOfNydKifvkday/ ol,ckvma&mufjcif;rSm
"g;odkif;ynm ,SOfjydKif&efr[kwf/ olYa&m*gtwGuf aq;uk&efomjzpfonf/ ,ckawmh aq;ukonfhpcef;odkY
ra&mufyJ "g;odkif;NydKifonfh pcef;odYk a&mufaeojzihf &SefY0efYxif;tm; wpfcsufrQ vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/
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avhvm Ekdifw,fqkd&if rif;twGuf wpfoufvHk;tusKd;&SdEkdifw,f
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a[;ayusdu kwfw&uf0ifajymvkdufonf/
nDav; wef;csef; ... cPaeOD;/ 'DurdwfaqG zkef;csKH;u ajymw,fr[kwfvm;/ igwkdYESif;qDa*[mxJu
b,folrS olYudk rEkdifEkdifbl;vkdY/ wif;usef;vnf; "g;okdif;aumif;aumif; upm;wwfwJh "g;orm;wpfa,mufyJ/
olvnf; ESif;qDa*[mxJu vlyJr[kwfvm;/ wif;usef;eJY t&ifNydKifcdkif;vdkufprf;/ igwkdYvnf; olY"g;uGufudk
enf;enf; avhvm&wmaygh
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
610
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ojzifh a[;ayusdwkdYonf olwdkY\ "g;odkif;ynmudk odyfpdwfrcsawmhay/ xkdYaMumifh wif;usef;udk t&ifNydKifckdif;

vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
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usKyfnD zkef;csKH;eJY "g;odkif;,SOfNydKifEdkifw,f/ 'DuaemifBuD; wif;usef;qkw
d muvnf; ES,fES,f&&vlrS r[kwfwm/
vQyfwpfjyuf"g;vdkY emrnfwpfvHk; &xm;wJhvlyJ/ "g;uGufu odyfudkjrefwmudk;/ nDav; zkef;csKH;a&/ a[monf
u vQyfwpfjyuf"g;udk t&if,SOfvdkufygOD;/ owdawmhxm;aemf
wif;usef;tm; ol\ "g;udk ypfay;vkdufNyD; wef;csef;u jyHK;jyHK;&,f&,fESifh ajymvkdufonf/
wif;usef; ... rif;Ekdifatmif wkdufaemf/ IH;&ifawmh rvG,fbl;/ 'gPfcwfwJhtaeeJY 3 cGufwkdufr,f
wif;usef;u "g;tdrfudk zrf;um "g;udk qGJxkwfvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; olY"g;udk "g;tdrfrS
qGJcRwfvdkufNyD; "g;tdrfudk ab;wGif csxm;vkdufonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u kwfw&uf 0ifajymvdkufonf/
cifAsm;wkdYukd wpfckawmh ajymxm;&OD;r,f/ tckNydKifwmu "g;odkif;ynm ,SOfNydKifMuwmaemf/ twGif;tm;udk
xkwfroHk;&bl;
a[;ayusdu vufcHonf/
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roHk;eJY
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zvS,fwmoufoufqkdawmh rif;&JUtwGif;tm;udk rxkwfrdapeJY/ twGi;f tm;xkwfwJhvl tIH;yJ
&SefY0efYxif;\pum;udk Mum;&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm &,fcsifrdawmhonf/ rdrd twGif;tm;r&Sdonfh
tcsufudk BudKwifumuG,faomtm;jzihf pum;jzifh ydwfxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ,ckrl rdrdtaejzihf olwpfyg;u
twGif;tm;xkwf wkdufcdkufvmrnfhtcsufudk vHk;0raMumuf&awmh/ "g;ynmcsif;om ,SOfNydKifwkdufcdkuf&ay
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"g;uGufavmufudkawmh vHk;0rNzHKacs/ wif;usef;\ "g;uGufonf vifh[lcsKH;tzkdY uav;upm;p&mavmufom
jzpfaeonf/ jrif;rdk&fawmifudk qD;aphESifh aygufouJhodkYyifwnf;/ vQyfwpfjyuf"g;uGuf\ tESpfom&rSm
&efoludk rsufpdtjrifrSm;ap&ef a,mifjyjzm;a,mif;NyD;rS wu,fwkdufcdkufaom "g;uGufjzpfonf/
wif;usef;u vifh[lcsKH; tjrifrSm;ap&ef a,mifjy"g;uGufrsm;udk xkwfvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u wif;usef;\
[muGufrsm;udk ae&m 3 ae&m awGUvkduf&avNyD/ wif;usef;u ol\"g;uGufrsm;udkom upm;jyaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;udk rwkdufckdufao;ay/ eHygwf 5 tuGufodkY a&muf&SdcsdefwGif wif;usef;\ [muGuf 18 uGufudk
vifh[lcsKH;u awGUxm;NyD;avNyD/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u olYvufxJrS"g;jzifh kwfw&uf xkd;csdefvdkufonf/
cyfapmif;apmif;uav; xdk;csdefvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
xdktcsdefwGif wif;usef;\ "g;u b,fzufrS nmzufodkY jzwfvmckdufjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH; pwifxkd;csdefvdkuf
pOfu ol\"g;onf wif;usef;\ "g;udkifaom vufaumuf0wfESifh 2 ayausmfrQ uGmaeao;onf/ odkYaomf
wif;usef;u b,fzufrS nmzufokdY jzwful;xkd;csdefvdkufaomtcg ol\vufaumuf0wfu vifh[lcsKH;\ "g;qD
ajy;oGm;ouJhokdY jzpfoGm;awmh\/ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSm jrefqefvSojzifh ab;em;&Sdusefvltm;vHk; ru,fEdkifawmhay/
tm;vHk;\pdwfxJwGif wif;usef;\ vufaumuf0wfawmh jywfNyD[kom wGufvdkufMuonf/
um,uH&Sif wif;usef;udk,fwkdifrSmvnf; rsufvHk;rsm; jyma0rwwf jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ rdrd\vufu t&Sdef
vGefNyD; &efol\"g;oGm;udk oGm;a&mufckwfjzwfouJhokdY jzpfNyD; rdrdvufaumuf0wf jywf&awmhrnfudk odvdkuf
rdonf/ okdYaomf odomodonf/ vuft&Sdefudk vHk;0rowfEdkifawmh/ xkdYaMumifh tm;ueJom atmfvkdufrdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
611
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
612
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613
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615
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olu uAsmpmvHk;rsm;udk tpDtpOftwkdif;r[kwfawmhyJ tajctaeudkvdkuf vSnfhywfwdkufcdkuf&ef
[efjyifvkdufonf/ tcsufwGif acghydtkef;\t,ltq rSm;,Gif;vsuf&Sdaeacsonf/ trSefpifppf vifh[lcsKH;u
olajymjyonfh pum;rsm;udk vHk;0em;rvnfacs/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm {u&mZfudk;uGuf "g;odkif;ynmudk wwfxm;ojzifh
rnfonfhodki;f uGufrqdk awGUvdkufonfESifh xkdokdif;uGuf\ [muGufaysmhuGufrsm;udk csufcsif;jrifawGUNyD;
jyefvnf wkdufcdkufaejcif;omjzpfonf/ ,ckvnf; acghydtkef;u wpfcsufwkduf&ef [efjyvdkufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;
u "g;ESifh acghydtkef;\[muGufjzpfaom eHMum;odkY xkd;csdefvdkufawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh acghydtkef;rSm tpDtpOfajymif; wkdufcdkufonfh tuGufwGifvnf; odkif;uGufwpf0ufcefYom
xkwf upm;cGihf&vdkufonf/ csufcsif;Nyefkyfodrf;um vifh[lcsKH;\"g;udk ckcHvkduf&jyefawmh\/ okdYaomf
vifh[lcsKH;\"g;rSm [efjy"g;uGufomjzpf jyefvnfkyfodrf;oGm;jyefonf/ acghydtkef;u wpfcsufrQ rmefoGif;
atmf[pfvkdufNyD; tm;ukefxkwfum wkdufcdkufawmhonf/ odkYaomf olYcrsm wdkufuGufwkdif; wpf0ufrQom
xkwfupm;EkdifNyD; ol\pkwfwHudk jyefkyfodrf;oGm;&onfcsnf;om jzpfaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ wkdufuGufudk
jyef jyef ckcHae&awmhonf/
acghydtkef;u wjznf;jznf; a'goxGufvmNyD; aemufqHk;wGif kwfw&ufatmf[pfvkdufonf/
awmfjyD ... ig rwkdufawmhbl;
ajymajymqkdqkdESifh oluckefxGufvdkufonf/ NyD;aemuf ol\pkwfwHjzifh tcef;eH&HwGif apmapmu oltoHk;jyKcJh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
616
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
onfh ppfcsDoH uAsmudk tm;&yg;& a&;csvdkufavawmh\/ a&;jcpfNyD;aomtcg oufjyif;&SnfBuD;wpfcsuf cs

vdkufonf/ NyD;aemuf w[m;[m;&,fvkdufonf/ eH&Hay: ola&;vkdufonfhpmvHk;rsm;udk taotcsm t&omcH
Munhfaevkdufao;onf/ wpfcg xyfrHatmfjyefonf/
aumif;w,f ... aumif;w,f ... odyfaumif;w,f/ igh&JUa&;[efxJrSm 'Dwpfcga&;[efu taumif;qHk;yJ
uG
vifh[lcsKH;uawmh rnfokdYrQem;rvnfyJ acghydtkef;udkom ai;Munfhaerdonf/ acghydtkef;u vifh[lcsKH;zufoYdk
vSnfhum
nDav; ... rif;twGufaMumifh ig taumif;qHk;a&;[efukd xGifvdkufEdkifwmuG/ Munfhprf; ... vuf&mb,f
avmufaumif;ovJ/ rif;eJY igeJY wkdufcdkufawmh ighrSm wpfuGufrS aumif;aumif;rxkwEf kdifcJhbl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdY
igh&ifxJrSm wif;wif;usyfusyfBuD; cHpm;ae&wmaygh/ tckrSyJ tm;vHk; aygufxGufvmawmhw,f/ tckawmh
&ifusyfwJh a0'emvnf; oufomoGm;ygNyD/ rif;u "g;odkif;aumif;w,f/ igu pkwfwHa&;[efaumif;w,f/
b,folrS tIH;tEkdif r&Sdbl;
&SefY0efYxif;u 0if ajymvkdufonf/
[kwfw,f/ tIH;tEkdif r&Sdbl;
&SefY0efYxif;onf vlwdkY\pdwfoabmxm;udk vGefpGmem;vnfvSonfh yg;eyfvSaom vlBuD;wpfOD;yif
jzpfonf/ IH;oGm;ol cHomatmif Mum;rSjzefajz0ifajymjcif; jzpfonf/ trSefpifppf acghydtkef;onf vifh[lcsKH;tm;
IH;edrfhNyD;cJhavNyD/
&SefY0efYxif;u Mum;xJrS rnfrQ jzefajzESpfodrfhonfjzpfapumrl a[;ayusdu trSew
f &m;udk aumif;pGm odjrif
Edkifonf/ tIH;udk aumif;pGmvufcHEdkifonf/ a[;ayusdu &SefY0efYxif;tm; usKyfnDav; acghydtkef; IH;w,f/
cifAsm;u usKyfnDav;udk cHomatmifESpfodrfhwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f ... uJ ... usKyf NydKif&awmhrSmaygh
ajymajymqdkqkdESifh a[;ayusdu ausmufpm;yGJay:rS oHusm;Aef;udk qGJ,lvdkufonf/ olu usm;Aef;udk
udkif&if; vifh[cl sKH;tm; vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
rdwfaqG zkef;csKH; ... 'gu igh&JU vufeufyJ
&SefY0efYxif;u &,farm&if; ajymvkdufonf/
q&mNuD;&JUvufeufjzpfwJh usm;Aef;[m tawmfuav; xufxufjrufjruf&Sdw,fvdkY Mum;zl;xm;w,f/
aemufNyD;awmh xl;jcm;qef;Mu,frIwpfckvnf; &Sdw,fwJh/ q&mBuD;u 'Dusm;Aef;eJY vsKdU0SufvufeufawGudk
odrf;,lEkdifw,fqdw
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a[;ayusdu &SefY0efYxif;udk pdkufMunfhvdkufonf/ olYtMunfhonf &SefY0efYxif;\ wpfukd,fvHk;udk
xGif;azmuf oGm;awmhrvkd xifrSw&f ayonf/
aemifBuD; xif;0efY ... aemifBuD;[m wu,fhudk tMum;tjrifrsm;wJh yk*dKvfygyJ/ csD;usL;ygw,f/
trSefwu,fuawmh usKyf&JUusm;Aef;rSm bmrSxl;jcm;qef;Mu,frI r&Sdygbl;/ 'gayr,fh oHvdkuf"gwfav;&Sdaeawmh
&efol&JU vQKdY0SufvufeufawGeYJ oHvufeufrSeforQudk qGJaqmifEkdifwmayghav/ 'gudk xl;jcm;csufvkdY ac:r,f
qkd&ifvnf; ac:ayghav
&SefY0efYxif;u aMomf ... 'Dvkdvm; ... 'gqkd&ifawmh odyftqef;wMu,fBuD; r[kwfvSygbl;av
xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkufaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm Budwf oufjyif;csvdkufonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif
tif; ... awmfygao;&JU ... tpfudkBuD; &SefY0efYxif;u ab;uae pum;eJY0ifaxmufjyay;ayvdkY/ EkdYr[kwf&if
igh"g;udk olYusm;Aef;eJY qGJxm;vkduf&if bmwpfuGufrSawmif xkwfEdkifrSmr[kwfbl;/ wpfcsufwnf;eJY ig IH;oGm;
awmhrSmyJ/ tcktwkdi;f omqdk&if igh"g;udk olYusm;Aef;eJY xdvdkY rjzpfawmhbl; [k awG;vkdufrd\/
xkdpOf a[;ayusdu rdwfaqG zkef;csKH; ... b,fhES,fvJ ... wdkufawmhrvm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
617
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u a[;ayusd\vnfrsKdudk "g;jzifh wpfcsufvSrf;xkd;vdkufonf/ a[;ayusdu vufudkajrmuf

xkd"g;csufudk ckcH&ef [efjyifvkdufonfwGif vifh[lcsKH;u olYykcHk;udk "g;jzifhxdk;vdkufjyefonf/ a[;ayusdu
olYykcHk;udk txkd;rcH&atmif umuG,f&jyef\/ xkdtcg vifh[lcsKH;\"g;u csufcsif; jyefEIwfoGm;NyD; ol\
csufatmufodkY vSrf;xkd;vkdufjyefonf/ a[;ayusdrSm csufatmufudk umuG,f&jyefonf/
xkdokdY tjyif;txef ckcHumuG,fae&if;rS a[;ayusd\ pdwfxJrS awG;vdkufrdonf/
wpfcsdefvHk; olYudk jyefrwkdufEkdifyJ tckvkdcsnf;yJ iHkYcHae&awmhrSmvm;
olu wkdufppfqif&ef usm;Aef;udk ajrmufudkifvkdufonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\ "g;uGufrsm;rSm
a&pD;yrmjzpfaeonf/ vHk;0tqufrjywfawmh/ wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf ol\[muGufrsm;udkom xkd;ESufaeawmh&m
a[;ayusdtaejzihf vHk;0wdkufppfrqifEdkifyJ rdrdcEmudk,f txdtcdkufrcH&&efom tjyif;txef ckcHumuG,fae&
awmhonf/ a[;ayusdrSm ol\pdwful;udk vufawGUtaumiftxnfrazmfEkdifojzifh vGefpGm rcHcsdrcHom
jzpfae&awmhonf/ rnfrQ rcHr&yfEdkifonfjzpfapumrl rdrdtaejzihf pGefYyif wpfuGufwpfavrQ wkdufppfqifcsdef
r&SdaMumif; awGUae&onf/ rsm;rMumrDyif odkif;uGufaygif; 40 ausmfvmawmh\/ xdkodkif;uGuf 40 ausmfpvHk;
a[;ayusdrSm tjrJwrf; ckcHae&\/ wpfuGufrQ jyefrwkdufEkdifcJhacs/
acghydtkef;? wef;csef; tp&Sdaom ESif;qDa*[mrSvlrsm;rSmrl ausmufkyfBuD;rsm;ozG,f ai;aMumif&yfMunhfaerd
awmhonf/ olwkdYtzdkY vifh[lcsKH;\"g;uGufrsm;udk tvGeftHhMoaeMuonf/ tvGeftHhMoaejcif;rSm xl;qef;vGef;
aomaMumifh tHhMojcif;r[kwfay/ dk;vGef;aomaMumifh tHhMoaejcif;jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\"g;rSm jrefvGef;onfvnf; r[kwf? jyif;xefonfvnf; r[kwf? IyfaxG;cufcJeufeJonfvnf;
r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;u "g;wpfcsufxkwfvdkufwkdif; a[;ayusdwpfa,mufrSm ajE&&jzifh rckcHEdkif/
yHkysufyef;ysuf url;I;xkd; ckcHumuG,fae&onf/ xkdjrifuGif;udk jrifae&jcif;aMumifh acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdYrSm
toufI&yfrwwfrQ tHhMo&ifarmaeMu&jcif;om jzpfonf/
trSefpifppf odkif;uGufwdkif;wGif [muGuf&Sd\/ xkd[muGufudk tjrefqHk;jrifEdkifjcif;ESifh &efol\
wkdufuGufxuf wpfuGufapmxGufNyD; &efol\[muGufudk wdkufcdkufEdkifjcif;onf rdrd\[muGufudk ydwfzHk;
umuG,fvdkufovdk jzpfoGm;&\/ wdkufppfonf taumif;qHk;cHppf jzpfawmh\/
rdrdu &efolxuf wpfuGufapm wkdufcdkufEdkifjcif;onf rsm;pGmta&;ygvSonf/ rdrdu wpfuGufapm
wkdufxm;vQif &efolu rdrd\[muGufudk awGUonfhwkdif rdrdudk jyefvnfrwkdufckdufEdkifay/ ol\[muGuftwGuf
olYudk,fol t&ifqHk; ckcHumuG,f&ayvdrhfrnf/ ,ck a[;ayusdrSmvnf; yHkpHtwkdif;jzpfae\/ vifh[lcsKH;\
wdkufuGufrsm;rSm yd&daooyfvSNyD; tuGufaphvSonf/ olYudk wkdufppfqif&efrqkdxm;bd/ rdrdukd,fudk umuG,f
&efyif renf;BudK;pm;ae&onf/
xkdYaMumifh a[;ayusdtaejzihf rdrdIH;aeNyD;jzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif; odvkdufawmhonf/ aemufxyf
tuGufaygif; wpfaxmifrQ xyfrHwkdufcdkufaomfvnf; xkdtuGufwpfaxmifvHk; rdrdrSm rIrvS umuG,fckcH
ae&ayvdrfhrnf/ wkdufppfqifzq
kdY kdonfrSm tdyfrufyif rufEkdifvdrhfrnfr[kwf/ ,ckyHkpHtwkdif;om jzpfaeayvdrfh
rnf/ olYpdwfwGif;rS qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck csvdkufonf/
'DaeYtzdkY igrpGefYpm;&ifawmh ighodumudk b,fvdrk S qnfEkdifawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u olYtm; xkd;vmonfh"g;udk ra&SmifawmhyJ a[;ayusdu vufxJukdifxm;aom
usm;Aef;udkvTJ vifh[lcsKH;\cg;udk dkufvkdufawmh\/ wpfNydKifeufwnf; olYvufacsmif; 2 acsmif;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;
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jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ olwkdYtm;vHk; odvkdufMuonf/ tuGufonf olaoudk,fao wkdufuGufrsKd;omjzpfonf/
tu,f a[;ayusdu vifh[lcsKH;\"g;udk nyfzrf;rrdcJhvQif "g;xkd;cH&rnfrSm aocsmvSayonf/ tu,f
oluom "g;udknyfrdoGm;vQifvnf; vifh[lcsKH;rSm olY"g;udk a&SUqufxkd;&awmhrnfr[kwfyJ usm;Aef;jzifh rkcs
dkufowfcH&ayvdrfhrnf/
odkYaomf xkdw'*Ftcsdefav;twGif; vifh[lcsKH;\"g;xdyfzsm;rSm tay:odkY ajrmufwufvmNyD; a[;ayusd\
vnfrsKdodkY xkd;csdefvsufjzpfoGm;\/ vlwkdif;yif [mueJ jzpfoGm;Mujyefonf/ tuGufrSm rnfolrQ rarQmfvifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
618
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xm;aomtuGufjzpf\/ tuGufrsKd; vmvdrhfrnf[k rxifvnf; vltm;vHk;u olaoukd,fao rSwfxif

xm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ tu,f a[;ayusdonf apmapmu pGefYpm;wkdufckdufcJhonfh tuGuftwkdif; "m;udk
nyfqGJ usm;Aef;jzifhdkuf&ef qufBudK;yrf;vQif ... "g;udkrnyfrdcif ... usm;Aef;jzifhrdkufrdcif ...
tcsdeftwGif;yif olY t&SdefESifhol olYvnfrsKdu vifh[lcsKH;\"g;OD;odkY 0ifwkd;rdayvdrhfrnf/
a[;ayusdrSm rsufpdrsm;jyma0oGm;rwwf rdkufueJNzpfoGm;awmh\/ ol\ ckeftkyfwkdufckdufonfh tiftm;udk
kwfjcnf; &yfqkdif;vkdufNyD; usm;Aef;udkvnf; wHkYueJ &yfqkdif;ypfvkduf\/ vifh[lcsKH;\oabmudk odaeojzifh
vnf; odkY&J&Jwif;wif; &yfypf0Hhjcif;jzpfonf/ rdrduoma&SUrwkd;vQif vifh[lcsKH;\"g;uvnf; a&SUwkd;vmrnf
r[kwfacs/
trSefwu,fyif vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; ol\"g;udk wefYueJ &yfqkdif;vkduf\/ xkdtcsdefwGif vifh[lcsKH;\
"g;OD;rSm a[;ayusd\vnfrsKdESifh wpfvufrcefYtuGm tonf;xdwfpzG,f &yfqkdif;oGm;\/ a[;ayusd\
usm;Aef;BuD;rSmrl vifh[lcsKH;\cg;ESifh ESpfvufrcefYtuGmwGif &yfqkdif;oGm;onf/ 2 a,mufvHk; ausmufkyfBuD;rsm;
ozG,f NidrfoufaeMuawmh\/ tenf;i,frQ rvIyf&Sm;Muawmh/
ab;rS MunhfIaeMuonfh y&dowfrsm;tzdkYrl tIH;tEdkifudk tjzLESifhtrnf;uJhodkY uGJuGJjym;jym; awGUaeMu&
onf/ vifh[lcsKH; tEdkif&oGm;avNyD/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf usm;Aef;BuD;rSm av;vHaomt&mBuD;jzpf
tenf;qHk; wpfayausmfausmf vTJdkufrSom &efoludk xdcdkuf'gPf&m &apEkdifonf/ "g;rSmrl usm;Aef;ESifh
wlonfr[kwfay/ vifh[lcsKH;u a&SUodkYqwfueJ wkd;vkdufkHrQjzifh a[;ayusdwpfa,muf toufaysmuf&ay
vdrhfrnf/
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kd fNyD;
uJ ... tuGufu 'DrSmwif&yfaeMuNyD/ b,folrS a&SUrwuf&JMubl;/ 'grsKd;udk usm;upm;enf;rSmqkd&if
oa&yGJtjzpf owfrSwfw,f/ q&mBuD; a[;ayusdu wu,fawmfwmyJ/ zkef;csKH;eJY oa&wkdufckdufEdik fw,f [k
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wu,faumif;w,f/ wpfuGufrS usKyfwkdufppfrqifEkdifcJhbl;/ usKyftaeeJY vHk;0IH;edrfhoGm;wmyJ [k ajzvdkuf
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aemifMuD; xif;0efY ... usKyfudk [dkvufa&;yef;csDum;csyfav; cPavmuf jyygOD;vm;/ usKyfodyfMunhfcsif
aew,fAsm
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tpfudkBuD;u usKyfnDav;eJY "g;odkif;,SOfNydKifMuvdkY Ekdif&if cifAsm;Munfh&rSmaygh [k ajymvdkuf\/
acghydtkef;rSm vufa&;yef;csDum;csyfudk vdkcsifvGef;vSojzifh tonf;w,m;,m; jzpfvmawmhonf/
xkdYaMumifh olu
tpfudk a[;ayusd ... uRefawmfawmh tpfudkBuD;udk oGm;ac:MunfhvkdufOD;r,f/ vmrSvmyghrvm; rodbl;
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acghydtkef;u ydkoabmusoGm;onf/ oloGm;ac:ygu tpfudkBuD;u vkdufvmcsifrS vdkufvmrnf/ tpfudk
a[;ayusd oGm;ac:ygu olac:wmxufpmvQif ydkaumif;onf/ vkdufvmzkdY ydkeD;pyfonf/ a[;ayusd
tcef;wGif;rS xGufoGm;onfh tcdkuftwefYtwGi;f wef;csef;u t&ufcGufrsm; vdkufay;onf/
uJ ... usKyfwkdY&JUtpfudkBuD;udk oGm;ac:aewkef; aemifBuD; 0efYxif;a&m? nDav;zkef;csKH;a&m t&uf
aomufvdkufMuOD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
619
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkYtm;vHk; t&ufaomufMu twefMumaomtcgrS a[;ayusd jyefvnfa&mufvmonf/ olu

zkef;csKH; ... tpfudkBuD;u cifAsm;udk olYtcef;qDac:vmzdkY rSmvdkufygw,f/ aemifBuD; xif;0efYuawmh 'DrSmyJ
qufxkdifaeNyD; t&ufaomufaeaygh
&SefY0efYxif;rSm kwfw&uf tusyfdkufoGm;awmhonf/ a[;ayusdu vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,mufwnf;udkom
cGJjcm;ac:aejcif;jzpfonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif
vifh[lcsKH;u toufi,fao;awmh tawGUtBuHK odyfpHkao;wmr[kwfbl;/ 'DaumifawG y&d,m,fqif&if
nDav;taeeJY bmrS&dyfrdrSmr[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh igyg twif;0if&ifvnf; kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfaeawmhrSmyJ
odkYawG;rdvku
d fojzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; owd0D&d,&Sd&ef rsuf&dyfjyvkdufNyD; t&ufudkom qufaomufaevkduf
onf/ vifh[lcsKH;url &SefY0efYxif;tm; wpfcsufNyHK;jyNyD; a[;ayusdESifhtwl vdkufygoGm;awmhonf/ a[;ayusdESifh
twl wpfcef;NyD;wpfcef; jzwfoGm;&onf/ tcef; 4 cef;rQ jzwfausmfNyD;aomtcg yef;jcHuav;wpfckjzifh oyfoyf
&yf&yfaqmufvkyfxm;onfh tdrf0if;uav;wpfckqDodkY qdkufa&mufvmMu\/ a[;ayusdu tcef;wHcg;udk wGef;
zGifhvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;udk twGif;odkY 0ifcdkif;vkdufonf/ vifh[lcsKH; tcef;wGif;odkY a&mufoGm;aomtcg
a[;ayusdu
tpfudkBuD; ... zkef;csKH;a&mufvmygNyD
xkdtcg twGif;cef;xJrS vlwpfa,mufxGufvm\/ wpfukd,fvHk; ydefvSDvSonf/ rsufESmjyifwpfckvHk;
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awmufajymifaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u EIwfcGef;qufvkdufonf/ a[;ayusduvnf; rdwfqufay;onf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
620
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
621
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol\ wHawmifqpfauG;udk a>yjzifh rkcsxdk;rdayvdrhfrnf/

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
622
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
623
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avav? toHvIdif;vufeuf odkif;ynmuvnf; tpGrf;xufavav jzpfawmh\/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl

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_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
624
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK; . . .
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'gayr,fh tJonfwkef;u vdrfnmovkd jzpfaeayr,fh b,folYudkrS xdcdkufwmr[kwfawmh taMumif;r[kwb
f l;
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pdwfxdcdkufaew,f r[kwfvm;/ 'DvkdtcsdefrsKd;rSmawmh uRefawmfhtaeeJY rvdrfEdkifawmhbl;av/ xkwfrajym&if
b,fpdwfaumif;EkdifawmhrSmvJ [k ajymvkdufav\/
xdkYaemuf 0rfcsKH;tm;EIwfqufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;u xGufcGmvmonf/ olYaemufwGif a[;ayusd? acghydtkef;ESifh
wef;csef;wdkY 3 a,mufu vkdufygvmMu\/ &SefY0efYxif;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmtrlt&mudk MunfhvkdufonfESifh
vifh[lcsKH; tEdkif&cJhrSef; odvkduf&onf/ ol\wGufudef;rsm; rSefvmNyDjzpf tvGeftm;&auseyfoGm;onf/
odkYaomf y&d,m,f a00kpfrsm;vSol jzpfonfhtwkdif;
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vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD;0rfcsKH;&JU odkif;tm;u odyfjrifhrm;wmyJ/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhrSm twGif;tm;
vHk;0r&Sdawmh q&mBuD;&JU toHvIdif;vufeufodkif;ynm u bmrS tusKd;oufa&mufrIr&SdcJhbl;/ uHaumif;vkdY
uRefawmf oufomoGm;wm ...
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r&Sdbl;/ cifAsm;u bmjzpfvdkY olYtwGif;tm;u cifAsm;&JUtwGif;tm;xuf ydkaumif;w,fvdkY ajym&ovJ [k
ar;vdkuf\/
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usKyfxuf twGif;tm;ydkaumif;wm trSefyJAs/ usKyfu t&ifwkef;utaMumif;udk ajymwmyJ/ tcktajctaeudk
ajymwmrS r[kwfwm [k ajzvdkuf\/
acghydtkef;rSm rsufESmwpfcsufrJhoGm;jyD; [if; ... cifAsm;[m awmfawmf awmfw,f/ 'gayr,fh vlaumif;
awmh r[kwfbl; [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;url tm;vHk;udk wjyHK;jyHK;jzifh EIwfqufNyD;
uJ ... usKyfwdkY&nfG,fcsufvnf; jynfhoGm;NyD/ cifAsm;wkdY ESif;qDa*[mxJrSm usKyfnDav; zkef;csKH;udk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
625
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
"g;odkif; ,SOfNydKifEdkifr,fhvl r&Sdawmhbl;/ usKyfwdkY jyefMuawmhr,f/ cGifhjyKygOD;/ uJ ... nDav; zkef;csKH;a& ...
jyefMupdkY
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&SefY0efYxif;\aemufausmrS tdwfBuD;udkom tmomirf;irf;ESifh MunhfaerdMuawmh\/ xdktdwfBuD;udk vk,lcsifpdwf
aygufaerdonf/ xdktcsdefwGif &SefY0efYxif;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm ESif;qDa*[mBuD;\tjyifodkY a&mufaeMuayNyD/
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aumif;wm/ nDav;wpfa,mufwnf;om vTwfvdkuf&wm/ odyfawmh pdwfcswm r[kwfbl;/ nDav; ...
rif;b,fvdkvyk fNyD; tEdkif,lvdkufovJ [k ar;vkduf\/
vifh[lcsKH;u [m; [m; [m; ... vufpowfawmh tpfudkBuD;u 'Da*[mBuD;&JUtaMumif; uBuD;uae t
txd} odaewmudk;/ awmfao;wmaygh tpfudkBuD;&m/ uRefawmfhrSm twGif;tm;vHk;0r&SdvdkYaygh/ &Sdrsm;&Sdae&ifawmh
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olwkdY 4 a,mufeJY &efId;&SdaevdkYvm;
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&SefY0efYxif;\pum;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGeftHhtm;oifhoGm;onf/ xdkYaMumifh jyefar;&ef [efjyifvdkufpOf
rSmyif olwkdY\ausmaemufrS vlwpfa,muf\atmfoHudk Mum;vkdufMu&onf/
zkef;csKH; ... zkef;csKH; ... cPavmuf aeygOD;
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf &SefY0efYxif;wkdY 2 a,muf orifvnfjyef vSnfhMunfhvkdufaomtcg wef;csef;wpfa,muf
tajy;tvTm; vkdufvmonfudk awGUvkduf&onf/
&SefY0efYxif;u cifAsm;Munfh&wm ta&;wBuD;eJY ... bmudprsm; 'Davmuf ta&;BuD;vm&wmvJ
wef;csef;u usKyfu zkef;csKH;udk t&ufwkdufcsifvkdYyg/ cifAsm;vnf; vdkufcJhyg
&SefY0efYxif;u rMunfromrsufESmjzifh jiif;y,f&ef[efjyifvkdufonf/ odkYaomf wef;csef;u olYvufudk
twif;qGJNyD; usefvufwpfzufu vifh[lcsKH;\vufukdqGJum vmygAsm/ jiif;raeygeJY/ usKyfwkdY aysmfaysmfyg;yg;
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[m; [m; [m; ... usKyfwkdYrdwfaqGawG jyefvkdufvmMuw,f/ aumif;w,f .. odyfaumif;w,f/ ... uJ ...
usKyfwdkY t&uf0dkif; jyefp&atmif [k ajymum tm;vHk; a[;ayusd\ tcef;xJodkY 0ifvmMuawmh\/
a[;ayusdurl csufcsif;yif tcef;xJrSxGufcGmoGm;onf/ tcsdeftawmfMumonftxd jyefrvmawmhacs/
acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdY 2 a,mufuvnf; vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESifh tazmftjzpf t&ufaomuf usef&pfMuonf/ &SeY0f efY
xif;a&m vifh[lcsKH;yg olwkdY 2 a,mufudk tuJcwfaeMuonf/ olwkdY\trlt&mrsm;rSm wpfpHkwpfa,mufudk
apmifhaeouJo
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
626
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
cifAsm;eJY NydKifcsifw,fwJh [k ajymvkdufavawmh\/

acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wdkY 2 a,mufrSm xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg 0rf;omtm;&xckefMuawmh\/
tpfudkBuD;u 'Dudpudk oabmwlvkdufNyDaygh ... [kwfvm;
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
J Gif Munfh&wmuawmh tckigeJY "g;odkif;,SOfjydKifr,fhvt
l wGuf olwkdYtpfudkBuD;&JU
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tpfudkBuD;qDrSm oGm;awmif;qkdae&vdkY jzpfvdrhfr,f/ 'Dvdkqkd&if tJonfvl[m olwdkYtpfudkBuD;&JU vufatmuf
i,fom; wpfa,mufa,mufyJ jzpf&rSmaygh/ tckyHktwkdif;qdk&if tJonfvl&JU"g;odkif;u olwdkYtm;vHk;xuf
ydkaumif;aewJh yHkyJ [k awG;vkdufrd\/
xkdpOf a[;ayusdu zkef;csKH; ... rif; igeJY twGif;zufudk cPavmuf vdkufcJhygvm;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm oHo,&Sdaeojzifh wGefYqkwfaomavoHjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
usKyf&JU"g;odkif;u wu,fawmh rcsD;usL;avmufygbl;Asm
wef;csef;u vifh[lcsKH; r,SOfNydKifyJ jiif;qefrnfudk pdk;&drfaom avoHjzifh
'Dvlu cifAsm;xuf odkif;ynm trsm;BuD;jrifhrm;wmawmh rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olYudk cifAsm; aMumufzkdY
rvdkygbl;
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awmh wpfyGJwpfvrf; prf;Munfhcsifw,fwJh
&SefY0efYxif;u 0if
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odkif;awmfayr,fh tawGUtMuHKenf;w,f/ usKyfuawmh odyfpdwfrcsbl; [k ajymvkduf\/
a[;ayusdu cufxefpGmjzifh
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vifh[lcsKH;u tajctaerwif;rmapvdkojzifh
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rxifygbl;/ [k ajymvkdufonf/
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wpfenf;enf;eJY tcsufay;vdkuf/ owdawmh vHk;0rvpfapeJY
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvkdufNyD; tpfudkBuD;u wu,ftpdk;&drfBuD;wmudk;/ 'Davmufawmhvkyfr,f rxifygbl;
[k ESpfodrfhvkdufonf/
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nDav; vmOD; ... igrif;udk pum;wpfcGef;rSmvdu
k fr,f/ 'grS olrsm;qifxm;wJh axmifacsmufxJ
r0ifEkdifrSm [k ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
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taMumif;xl;&Sv
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b,fvG,fvG,feJY nmvdkY&rvJ}}
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oGm;onf/ &SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;\vufudk vSrf;qGJvdkufonf/ xdktckdufrSmyif olu vifh[lcsKH;\vufxJokdU
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
627
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
puLvHk;wpfck rodromxkd;xnfhay;vku
d fonf/ xdkpuLvHk;av;udk vifh[lcsKH;u qkyfukdifrdvdkufaomtcg
rmaMumaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/ xdkYaemuf &SefY0efYxif;u w[J[J &,f&if; olYem;em;odkY uyfum
nDav; ... [kdvlYudkawGUwmeJY oleJY vufqGJEIwfqufovkdvkyf/ ... [J [J [J ... 'DpuLvdyfudk xkd;ay;vdkuf/
'Dudpu ta&;BuD;w,f/ rayghqeJY ... Mum;vm; ... [J [J [J
&SefY0efYxif;onf udpudk tvGefYtvGef ta&;wBuD;ajymaeaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;odonf/ odkYaomf
olYrsufESmurl wpfcsdefvHk; w[J[J &,f&if; pyfjzJjzJo@mefvkyfxm;onf/ ywf0ef;usif&Sd nDtpfudk 3 a,muf
taejzihf ta&;wBuD;udpudk ajymaejcif;jzpfonf[k rnfodkYrQ xifrSwfp&mtaMumi;f r&Sdacs/ acghydtkef;wkdYrSm
&SefY0efYxif;\ w[J[J &,foHrsm;udkom Mum;aeMu&m vlBuD;onf apmapmuawmh ylyHkylyef;ESifh ,ckawmh
rdrdwkdYtm; &,farmavSmifajymifaeonf[kyif xifrSwfaeMuawmh\/
xdkYaemuf olwkdY 3 a,mufu &SefY0efYxif;ukd tcef;xJwGifxm;cJhNyD; vifh[lcsKH;udkrl olwkdY\tpfukdBuD; tcef;
xJokdY xyfrHac:oGm;Mujyef\/ 0rfcsKH;\tcef;xJ a&mufvmaomtcg 0rfcsKH;u vifh[lcsKH;udk acgif;pGyfwpfck
pGyfay;vdkuf\/ rsufvHk;ae&mwGifrl tayguf 2 ayguf azmufxm;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl olwkdYjyKvkyfaeMuonfh
tjyKtrlrsm;twGuf rnfodkYrQ em;rvnfEkdifatmif jzpfaeawmhonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfhpum;udkrQ ajymqkdjcif;
rNyKyJ olwkdYaqmifGuf ajymqkdaeorQudkom at;aq;pGm apmifhMunhfaerdonf/
0rfcsKH;u a[;ayusdtm; nDav; opfom;"g; 2 acsmif;udk atmufudk,lcJh/ rif;udk,fwkdif aoaocsmcsm ppf
aq;aemf/ tm;vHk; owd0D&d, aumif;aumif;xm; [k ajymvkduf\/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
J Gif oHo,jzpfvmonf/
0rfcsKH;&JUpum;xJrSm opfom;"g; 2 acsmif;udk atmufudk,loGm;qkdawmh b,fatmufudk ,loGm;&rSmvJ/
{uE [dkvlu ajratmufcef;xJrSmrsm;vm;
xdkpOfwGif 0rfcsKH;u vifh[lcsKH;tm;
rdwfaqG zkef;csKH; ... usKyfwpfck awmif;yefcsifygw,f/ 'DuaeY EkdifEkdifIH;IH; rdwfaqGawGUjrif&r,fh
t&mawGudk aemifb,folYudkrS jyefrajymzdkYygyJ
vifh[lcsKH;u 'guawmh pdwfcsyg/ usKyfpdwfxJrSm usKyfIH;zdkY rsm;aew,fvdkY xifaerdw,f/ usKyftaeeJY
b,fajymvdrhfrvJAsm}}
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0rfcsKH;ajymonfh txJ qkdonfhpum;udk oabmraygufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u tjyifzufodkYvSnfhxGuf&ef
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vifh[lcsKH;rSm kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;awmh\/
b,fvdk ... 'DtxJudk ...
vifh[lcsKH;onf csufcsif;vkdvdk tawG;wpfck 0ifvmonf/
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tif; ... tpfudkBuD;[m 'Drdef;reJY wpfrsKd;r[kwf wpfrsKd;awmh ywfoufae&r,f/ tpfudkBuD;&JU ZeD;rsm;vm;
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tqifoifhvkyfxm;&rvJqdkwmawGvnf; tm;vHk;odaewmyJ
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
628
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ukwif cif;xm;aom opfom;cif;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufonf/ xkdopfom;cif;atmuf oHjym;MuD;wpfcsyf

cif;xm;onf udk awGUMu&awmh\/ xdkoHjym;MuD; oHvufukdifuGif;wpfckvnf; wyfqifxm;onf/ 0rfcsKH;u
xkdvufudkifuGif;udk qGJrvkdufaomtcg oHjym;BuD; yGifhxGufvmawmhonf/ atmuf taygufBuD;wpfayguf
ay:vmawmh\/
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aemufrS vdkufqif;Mu\/ ajratmufvdkPf*lodkYoGm;onfh vQKdY0SufwHcg;aygufyifwnf;/ atmufajc ajratmuf
vdkPfacgif;BuD;wpfck azmufvkyfxm;aMumif;awGUMu&onf/ twefMum avQmufoGm;rS azmufxm;onfhvrf;
qHk;oGm;\/ vdkPfacgif;xJ rD;tdrfrsm; xGef;ndxm;ojzihf vif;vif;csif;csif; &Sdaeonf/
vrf;qHk;oGm;aomtcg
0rfcsKH;onf
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taygufwpfckxJodkYxnfhNyD;
vSnfhvkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf twGif;zufodkY wGef;zGifhvkdufaomtcg ausmufwHcg;BuD;wpfcsyf uRDueJjrnfum
yGifhoGm;awmhonf/ olwkdYum; tdrf&Sifrsm;jzpfMu txmuRrf;aeojzifh rnfonfhae&m rnfonfht&mrsm;
&SdaMumif;
aumif;pGmodaeMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzdkYrlum;
vufjzifhprf;oyfMunfhvQifyif
xdkae&m
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S nf/ 2
aycefYtxl&Sdaeojzifh tvGef tHhMozG,f&m aumif;aeawmh\/ rQ xlxJav;vHvSaom ausmufwHcg;BuD;
wyfqifxm;onfh ywmBuD; rsm;onfyif tHhMop&m aumif;vSayonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
J Gif rausreyf jzpfvmrd\/
b,fvdkvJ/ 'DvlawG[m wu,fhxdyfoD;okdif;q&mBuD;awG/ enf;enf;aemaem okdif;ynm&SifBuD;awG
r[kwfbl;/ 0rfcsKH;&JU toHvIdif;vufeuf odkif;ynmqkd&if b,favmufaMumufp&m aumif;ovJ/ 'Davmuf
awmfaewJh odkif;q&mBuD;awG jzpfvsufom;eJY rdef;rwpfa,mufudk bmjzpfvkdY 'Davmuf txyfxyf ydwfxm;&
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xdkausmufwHcg;rS twGif;ydkif;odkY 0ifvdkufaomtcg vdkPfacgif;wpfckudk xyfrHawGU&jyef\/ xkdvdkPfacgif;
rSm wnfhwnfhazmufxm;jcif; r[kwfawmhay/ ukef;avQmjzpfaeonf/ twefMum avQmufrdMuonfwGif
aemufxyf wHcg;wpfcsyfudk awGUMu&jyef\/ wu,fh0uFyg OrifvdkPfacgif;yifwnf;/ IyfaxG;ayGvDvSaom
tcef;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm &SdayvdrhfOD;rnf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf acgif;pGyftwGif;rS rJhjyHK;jyHK;vkdufrdonf/
tif; ... iguawmh 'Dawmifydkif;&Jav;azmfqkdwm tifrwefodumorm"d&SdwJh odkif;q&mBuD;awGyJvdkY
xifaecJhwm/ tckawmh b,frSm odumorm"d&SdwJhvlawG [kwfvdkYvJ/ 'gawGu olwkdY rawmfrw&m;
ESdyfpufnOf;yef;zdkY aqmufxm;wJh ajratmuftcsKyfcef;awGyJ
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh olYtm;acgif;pGyfpGyfay;uwnf;u oHo,&Sdaomfvnf; ajratmufwGif rQ
BuD;rm;vSaom tcsKyfcef; taqmifaqmif&Sdrnf[k vHk;0oHo,r0ifcJhacs/,ckrl tckdiftcefYwnfaqmufxm;aom
ajratmufcef;rsm;udk awGUvm&aomtcg aMumufpdwf0ifvmawmhonf/ rdrdwGif vufeuf[l tyfwkdwpfacsmif;
rQryg/ olwkdY 4 a,muftm; rnfodkYckcEH dkifygrnfenf;/ rdrd twGif;tm;uvnf; vHk;0r&Sdojzifh rdrdtm;
0dkif;zrf;csKyfvdkufvQif rnfodkYrQ wwfEdkifvdrhfrnfr[kwfacs/ xdkYaMumifh aMumufpdwfvHk;0r&SdcJhaom vifh[lcsKH;onf
,ckawmh aMumufpdwfrsm; 0ifvmcJhacsNyD/ rdrdtm; zrf;qD;NyD; ajratmufcef; csKyfaESmifxm;vQif tpfudkBuD;
&SefY0efYxif;taejzifh rnfuJhokdY vma&muf u,fwifEdkifawmhrnfenf;/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm awG;&if;jzifh acR;oD;
acR;aygufMuD;rsm; pkdYxGufvmawmh\/
olwkdYtm;vHk; aemufqHk;oHwHcg; 3 csyfudk ausmfvmMujyD; &yfwefYvdkufMu\/ olwkdY\a&SUwGif oHwHcg;
aemufwpfcsyf &Sdaeao;onf/ xkdoHwHcg;wGif 6 vufrywfvnfcef&Y Sdaom taygufwpfaygufazmufxm;onf/
xdktaygufrSae tpm;tpmrsm;udk xdk;oGif;ay;[efwlayonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u oHwHcg;udk avhvmaepOfrSmyif
0rfcsKH;wdkY 4 a,mufu olwkdY toifhygvmonfah cgif;pGyfrsm;udk udk,fpDudk,fiS pGyfvkdufMu\/ xdkYaemuf 0rfcsKH;u
tayguf0em;uyf
aemifBuD; vif;&Sif ... 0rfcsKH;wdkY nDtpfudk 4 a,mufu aemifBuD;udk vmawGUqHkygw,f [k ajymvdkuf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
629
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;rSm kwfw&uf tHhMooGm;rdawmhonf/

[m ... 'Dvlu rdef;rrS r[kwfwmyJ/ ightxifawmh rSm;oGm;NyD/ vif;&SifqkdwJh a,mufsm;BuD;wpfa,muf
udk;
0rfcsKH;\toHudk qufMum;ae&onf/
aemifBuD;vif;&Sif ... usKyfwkdY cifAsm;udk vmawGUMuwmu taMumif;wpfck&v
Sd kdYyJ/ cifAsm;udk ajymp&mwpfck
&Sdw,f
0rfcsKH;\pum;oH rqHk;rDrSmyif tcef;wGif;rS pl;0g;us,favmifvSaom toHBuD;wpfcku
acG;rom;awG ... bmvmIyfaeMuwmvJ/ bmtaMumif; nmtaMumif;awG vmajymraeeJY/ vma[mifrae
MueJY/ acG;rom;awG ... rif;wkdYa[mifoHawGudk rMum;csifbl;/ xGufoGm;Muprf; ... jrefjrefxGufoGm;Muprf;
xdkodkY atmf[pfqJqkdaeonfhtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;awmh\/
xdktoHrSm rdef;roHraygufonfhtjyif touftG,f tawmftwefBuD;aeNyDjzpfaom vlBuD;wpfa,muf\toHrsKd;
aygufaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ odkYaomf avoHrSm cufxefrmaMumNyD; Murf;wrf;vSonf/ uavuacs vlrdkuf
wpfa,muf\avoHrsKd; xGufae\/ 0rfcsKH;uawmh xkdvl\qJqkdrIudk tvsOf;*krpkdufyJ olajymp&m &Sdonfh
pu;mudkom qufajymaeonf/
t&ifwkef;uawmh usKyfwkdYu 'DavmurSm aemifBuD;&JU"g;odkif;u taumif;qHk;yJvdkY xifaecJhMuwm/
'DuaeYawmh usKyfwkdYa*[mudk vlwpfa,muf a&mufvmw,f/ usKyfwkdYnDtpfudk 4 a,mufpvHk; olYudk
vHk;0r,SOfEdkifcJhbl;/ usKyfwkdY 4 a,mufpvHk; tIH;ay;vkduf&w,f qkdygawmh/ olY"g;odkif;eJY aemifMuD;vif;&Sif&JU
"g;okdif; 2 ckudk ,SOfMunfh&if olY"g;odkif;u trsm;BuD; ydkaumif;aewmudk awGU&w,f
xdktcg vif;&Sifqkdaomvlu w[m;[m;&,f&if; jyefajymvdkuf\/
0rfcsKH; .... rif;wkdY 4 a,mufpvHk; toHk;rusvdkY tJonfvludk rEdkifwmayghuG/ acG;rom;awG/ rif;wkdYtoHk;
rusawmh ighudka'goxGufatmifqGay;NyD; 'DvleJY igeJY "g;odkif;NydKifcdkif;OD;rvdakY ygh ... [kwfvm; ... [m; [m; [m;
... usvnf; uswJh taumifawG ... rif;wkdY&JU&efolBuD;wpfa,mufudk igu &Sif;ay;&OD;r,faygh ... [kwfvm; ...
[m; [m; [m; ... ig"g;rudkifwm tESpf 20 ausmfaeNyDqdak wmh "g;odkif;awmif arhaejyD/ igu 'DvleJY
b,fvdk,SOfNydKif&rSmvJ/ oGm;Muprf;uGm/ acG;rom;awG
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif
tif; ... 'DvlBuD;u wu,fhudk yg;eyfwJhvlBuD;ygvm;/ 0rfcsKH;&JU pum;toGm;tvmudk Mum;vdkufwmeJY
csufcsif;yJ 0rfcsKH;wkdY&JU tBuHtpnfukd &dyfrdoGm;wmyJ/ b,fvdkvkyfNyD;rsm; tzrf;cHvdkuf&wmygvdrhf [k awG;aerd
onf/
a[;ayusdu 0if 0rfcsKH;tm; ajymvdu
k fonf/
tpfudkBuD; ... aemifBuD;vif;&Siu
f
'DvleJY NydKifrSmr[kwfygbl;/ zkef;csKH;u ESif;qDa*[mBuD;xJu
b,folurS oleJY "g;odkif;r,SOfEdkifbl;vkYd ajymwJhpum;[m rSefaeygjyD/ aemifBuD;vif;&SifeJY uRefawmfwdkY
bmpum;ajymp&m usefaeOD;rSmvJ/ zkef;csKH;udkom jyefyv
kdY dkufMu&atmif
vif;&Sifu atmfvdkufonf/
oGm;Muprf; ... rif;wkdYtm;vHk; jrefjrefxGufoGm;Muprf; ... ighpdwfudk vmqGvdkY r&bl;uG
a[;ayusdu
aemifBuD;vif;&Sif .. uRefawmfwkdY tckac:vmwJhvludk b,fvdkvlrsm; atmufarhaevdkYv/J olu
0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mMuD; zkef;csif;&JU aemufqHk;wynfhyJ/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;&JU "g;odkif;tarGudk tawmf&vdkufwm/
aemufNyD;awmh ... vif;&Sif[m odkif;avmurSm b,folYudkrS raMumufcJhbl;qkdayr,fh >cif;csufwpfckawmh &SdcJhw,f
r[kwfvm;/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;wpfa,mufudkawmh aemifBuD;vif;&Sif aumif;aumif;aMumufw,f r[kwfvm;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
630
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olYemrnfMum;wmeJY wpfcsKd;wnf; xGufxGufajy;&wmyJ r[kwfvm;

xdkpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg a'goxGufvmaom vif;&Sif\atmf[pfqJqkdoHrsm;rSm ajratmufcef;wpfckvHk;
yJhwifxyfoGm;awmh\/ wef;csef;uvnf; vif;&Sif pdwfrqdk; qdk;atmif cEdk;ceJYpum;rsm;jzifh &efpvsuf &Sdawmh
\/ xkdpOf a[;ayusdu oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum
nDav; zkef;csKH; ... igwkdY&JUtpDtpOfawmh ysufoGm;jyD/ vif;&Sifu rif;[m q&mBuD; zkef;csif;&JU wynfhrSef;
odoGm;awmh vdyfjymvGifhaeNyD/ olu q&mBuD; zkef;csif;qkd&if taotvJ aMumufwJhvl jzpfaeawmh rif;eJY
b,fvdkrS NydKif&JrSm r[kwfbl;/ igwkdYu rif;udk "g;odkif;tawmfqHk; odkif;orm;vdkY owfrSwfvdkufygNyD [k
av;av;eufeuf ajymavawmh\/
a[;ayusdESihf usefnDtpfudk 3 a,mufwkdY\ pum;rsm;udk em;axmifNyD; vif;&SifqkdaomvlBuD;udk
vifh[lcsKH;rSm oem;Muifempdwf 0ifvmawmh\/ xdkvlBuD;rSm tcsKyfcef;twGif; ESpfaygif;tawmfMum
ydwfavSmifjcif; cHxm;&onfrSm aocsmae\/ rQ MumjrifhpGm tcsKyftaESmifcHxm;&NyD; l;oGyfroGm;onfrSm
awmfao;onf[k qkd&rnfuJhodkY jzpfae\/ xkdYtjyif olwdkY\pum;toGm;tvmt& xkdvlBuD;\odkif;ynmrSm
tvGefw&m tqifh jrifhrm;aMumif; odvdkuf&\/ ,ck a[;ayusdu rdrdtm; tawmfqHk;"g;orm; tjzpf
owfrSwfvkdufaMumif; ajymvkdufonfhpum;udk Mum;&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef;jzifh
q&mBuD; a[;ayusd ajymwm rrSefygbl;/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;u uRefawmfhudk "g;odkif;ynm oifay;&if;
ajymzl;w,f/ uRefawmfhq&mzdk;zdk;&JU pum;uawmh &Sif;&Sif;av;yg/ 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm oltxifBuD;av;pm;wJhvl
wpfa,mufwnf;&SdowJh ... tJonfvl[m vif;&SifyJwJh/ q&mzdk;zdk;uawmh q&mBuD; vif;&Sifqkdwmudk
odyfcsD;usL;wmyJ/ usKyfuawmh q&mBuD;vif;&Sifudk tckrSawGUzl;wmyg/ ... 'gwifruao;bl;/ uRefawmfhq&m
zkd;zkd;u rSmcJhao;w,f/ wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdefrSm q&mBuD;vif;&SifqDrSm uRefawmfhtaeeJY "g;odkif;ynmudk
aumif;aumif; avhvmqnf;yl; &r,fwJh
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg 0rfcsKH;wkdY 4 a,mufrSm tHhtm;oifhoGm;Muawmh\/
xkdtcsdefwGif vif;&SifxHrS tm;&auseyfpGm&,fvkdufonfhtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
[m;[m;[m; ... rdwfaqGav;/ rif;&JUpum;[m rSefuefwJhopmw&m;yJ/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;vdk
vlpm;rsKd;uom igh&JU"g;okdif;tpGrf;tpudk odEdkifwmuG/ 'hDjyif acG;aumifawG bmem;vnfvdrrhf vJ
0rfcsKH;u q&mBuD; zkef;csif;u vif;&Sif 'DrSm&Sdaew,fqdkwmudk odaevdkYvm;/ 'DESif;qDa*[mrSm &Sdaew,f
qkdwmudkaygh
vifh[lcsKH;u jzef;oef; avQmufajym&awmh\/
q&mBuD; zkef;csif;u vif;&Sif 'DrSm&Sdaew,fqdkwmudk rodygbl;/ q&mzkd;zdk; xifaewmu q&mBuD;
vif;&Sif[m odkif;avmuxJu xGufoGm;NyDvkYx
d ifaewm/ uRefawmfhudk 'D"g;okdif;oifay;wkdif; olu
tjrJvdkvdkajymw,f/ 'D"g;okdif;u q&mBuD;vif;&SifeJY aemufqufwynfhvufom;awGeJY awGUwJhtcgusrS
toHk;jyK&r,fw/Jh 'DavmuxJrSm vif;&Sifom&Sdrae&if 'DavmufcufcJeufeJwJh "g;odkif;ynmudk oifxm;
wwfxm;zkdY rvdkbl;wJh
vifh[lcsKH;rSm awmifydkif;&Jav;azmfudk auseyfoabmusjcif;rsKd; vHk;0r&Sdawmhojzifh olwkdY 4 a,muftm;
csKd;ESdrfaom pum;rsm;ESifh vif;&SifqdkaomvlBuD;udk jrifhwifay;onfh pum;rsm;udkom wGifwGif ajymaeawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh awmifydkif;&Jav;azmfqdkaom vlrsm;udkvnf; vHk;0t,HktMunf r&Sdawmhay/ olYpdwfxJ
vif;&SifqkdonfhvBl uD;tm; odkYzrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;Mujcif;rSm rw&m;aom enf;vrf;rsm;oHk; ,kwfnHhaom
axmifacsmufrsm;qifum zrf;qD;xm;jcif;omNzpf&rnf[k ,lqvdkufavawmh\/ xdkenf;rsm; roHk;yJESifh rQ
okdif;ynmtqifhtwef; jrifhrm;olwpfa,mufudk rnfokdYrQ vG,fvG,fulul zrf;qD;Ekdifvdrhfrnf r[kwfacs/
xdktcg vif;&Sifu [kwfw,f ... rif;ajymwm trSefawGcsnf;yJ rdwfaqGav;/ 'Daumif 4 aumifpvHk;udk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
631
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rif; vG,fvG,fuav;eJY tEdkifcscJhw,f r[kwfvm;

vifh[lcsKH;u usKyf&JU"g;odkif;ynmudk q&mBuD; zkef;csif;ukd,fwkdif oifMum;ay;cJhwmAs/ q&mBuD;vif;&Sifu
vGJ&if b,fou
l usKyfukd,SOfEkdifrSmvJ/ 'DESif;qDa*[mu q&mBuD; 4 a,mufpvHk; usKyfudk EdkifzdkYrvG,fygbl;
vifh[lcsKH;onf pum;udk wrifajymvdkujf cif;jzpfonf/ 0rfcsKH;wkdY nDtpfudk 4 a,muftm; csKd;ESdrfvdk
ajymcsvkdufjcif;om jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf tpOftjrJ tm;enf;olzufrS ulnDvdkpdwf&SdcJhol jzpfonf/ ,ckawmh
vif;&SifrSm rnfodkYrQrwwfEdkifyJ onfnDtpfudk 4 a,muf jyKorQEkae&oljzpfaMumif; od&aomtcg vif;&Sif
udk,fpm; rcHcsifpdwfay:jyD; pum;rsm;udk ajymjcif;jzpf\/ ,cktcsdefwGif olY rnfonfhtpGrf;tprQ r&Sdaomf
vnf; uJhodkY xkwfazmfajymqkdvkduf&jcif;twGuf rsm;pGmauseyftm;&rdonf/
0rfcsKH;wdkYrSm tae&txkdif& cufaeonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;u olwkdY 4 a,mufudk trSefwu,f
Ekdifxm;ojzifh rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymEdkifyJ jzpfaeMuonf/ okdY&mwGif olwkdY 4 a,muftxJ xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
pOf;pm;aeolrSm a[;ayusdjzpf\/ vifh[lcsKH;u olYtm; csKd;ESdrfonfhpum;rsm; ajymaeaomfvnf; olu rnfodkYrQ
pdwfruGufacs/ olYtxifrSm 0rfcsKH;wdkYESifh jcm;em;ae\/
vif;&Sifonf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh rnfokdYrQ ,SOfjydKifwkdufcdkufrnfh t&dyfta,mif vHk;0r&Sdacs/ ,ckuJhodkY
tcsKdowfaom enf;udkroHk;ygu vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;&SifESihf "g;odkif;,SOfjydKifyGJ vHk;0jzpfajrmufvdrhfrnfr[kwf/
vif;&Sifwpfa,muf "g;okdif;,SOfNydKifcsifpdwfaygufvmatmif vifh[lcsKH;u y&d,m,fqifaejcif;Nzpfonf[k
a[;ayusdu wGufq,HkMunfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh olu olYnDtpfudkrsm;tm; rnfonfhpum;rQrajym&ef vufjzifh
tcsufjy vdkufonf/
xdktcdkuf vif;&Sifu ... aumif;w,f/ 'Dowif;uawmh r*Fvmowif;yJ/ rif;u ightwGuf
wkdufay;vdkuw
f mayghuGm/ rif;u 'DacG;aumifawGudk b,fvdk tEdkif,v
l dkufovJuG
vifh[lcsKH;u ... uRefawmfeJY yxrOD;qHk;wdkufcdkufwJhvlu wif;usef;qdw
k JhvlyJ/ 'Dvl&JU"g;a&;u odyfawmh
rqkd;vSbl;/ olYudk odkif;avmuom;awGu vQyfwpfjyuf"g;vdkY ac:Muw,fqdkyJ
odkYaomf vif;&Sifurl bm ... tJonfacG;aumifeJY rif;u wdkufao;ovm;/ xGD ... bmrSwefzdk;r&SdwJh
aumifyJ/ olY"g;u [efomaumif;wmuG/ tqHr&Sdbl;/ tESpfom& bmrSr&Sdbl;/ "g;a&mifeJY olrsm;udk ajcmufvSefY
kHavmuf ajcmufvSefYEkdifwm/ wu,fhynmom;qkdvdkY aG;aphwpfaphavmufawmif &Sdwmr[kwfbl;/ 'DaumifeJY
wkduf&if rif;u "g;uGufawGbmawG xkwfaep&mrvdkbl;/ rif;&JU"g;oGm;udk vrf;wpf0ufuom axmifxm;vdkuf/
olY&JU vufacsmif;uav;awG? vufaumuf0wfawGu rif;&JU"g;oGm;qD tvkdvdkvmNyD; tjzwfcHvdrhfr,f
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf 0rfcsKH;wdkY nDtpfudk 4 a,mufwkdYrSm xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tm;vHk; [mueJ
atmfvkduf rdMuawmh\/
vif;&Sifu bmvJ ... igajymwm rSm;oGm;vkdYvm;
vifh[lcsKH;u odyfrSefaewm q&mBuD;a& ... odyfrSefaewm/ aoG;xGufatmif rSefw,fqkdwm 'grsKd;yJ/ tck
q&mBuD; ajymaewmawG[m q&mBuD;&JUrsufpdeJY awGUNyD;jrifNyD;vdkY ajymvdkufovm;awmif atmufarhaewm
xdktcg vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,f&if;
[kwfw,fvm;/ b,fhES,fvJ ... 'Daumifvufacsmif; jywfoGm;ovm;/ vuf0g;jywfoGm;ovm;/
'grSr[kwf vufjywfoGm;ovm; [k tm;&yg;& jyefar;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u wav;wpm;jzifh uRefawmfu "g;oGm;udkvSnfhNyD; olYvufudk "g;jym;eJYyJ dkufvkdufw,f [k
jyefvnfajzMum;vdkufonf/
xdktcg vif;&Sifu rSm;w,f/ rif; odyfrSm;w,f/ rif;u wu,fh&efoludk nmvdkufwmudk;/ a>rqkd;udk
oem;&if oem;wJhvl a>raygufcH&wmyJ/ rif;vnf; wpfaeYus&ifcH&rSmyJ/ rif;eJYNydKifwJh 'kwd,taumifu
b,faumifvJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
632
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD; wef;csef;yg}

vif;&Sifu wef;csef;vm; ... 'DacG;aumif&JU"g;odkif;uawmh wif;usef;xufpm&if ydkaumif;w,f/ rif;u
wif;usef;udkEdkifxm;awmh olu rif;udk ayghayghqq b,fwkdufvdrhfrvJ/ olY&JUtm;txm;qHk; "g;odkif;ukd
xkwfoHk;rSmaygh/ bmwJh ... a&pD;"g;odkif;qkv
d m; ... bmvm;yJ
wef;csef;rSm xdwfvefYajcmufjcm;oGm;\/ vif;&Sifu rdrd\"g;uGuu
f dk aumif;aumif;odaeonfudk
Mum;vdkuf&aomaMumifhyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD; wef;csef;&JU"g;odkif;u wif;usef;xufawmh trsm;BuD;omygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olY&JU
"g;uGufrSm [muGufawG trsm;BuD;awGU&w,f
vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,f&if;
q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU wynfhvkyfaerSawmh 'Davmufawmh jrif&rSmayghuG/ 'Dwef;csef;qkdwJh acG;aumif
uvnf; b0ifu cyfjrifhjrifhuG/ olwwfxm;wJh"g;odkif;uGurf Sm olYudk,fol odyf[kwfodyfawmfw,fqkdNyD;
txifBuD;aewJh "g;uGufwpfuGuf&Sdw,f/ bmwJh ... a&wHcGef"g;uGuf ... qdkvm; ... bmvm; rodygbl;/
olY"g;uGufu 'Dvkd ... "g;udkajrmufNyD; tay:uaeckwfcswJh "g;uGufav/ tJonfaumif tJ'D"g;uGufudk
roHk;&ifawmh olYtwGuf uHaumif;w,f/ oHk;rsm; oHk;vdkuf&ifawmh ... [if; ... rif;vkd q&mBuD;
zkef;csif;&JYwynfheJY awGUvdkuf&if ... "g;&Snfudk olY"g;twdkif;uyfNyD; a&SUudkavQmcsvdu
k fkHyJ/ wpfcgwnf;
olYvufacsmif;awGudk ckwfjzwfvkdufovdk jzpfoGm;r,f/ tJonftcgus&ifawmh olY"g;uGufu a&wHcGef"g;uGuf
r[kwfawmhyJ aoG;wHcGef"g;uGuf jzpfoGm;rSmayghuGm ... [m; [m; [m;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm MuufoD;wjzef;jzef; xoGm;rdawmh\/
q&mBuD;u wu,fawmfwmyguvm;/ uRefawmfvnf; tck q&mBuD;ajymwJh tuGufwpfuGufwnf;eJY
olYudk tEkdif,lvdkufwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh q&mBuD; wef;csef;eJY uRefawmfu bmrS&efpr&Sdawmh olYvufacsmif;awGudk
rjzwfvdkufygbl;/ [m; [m; [m;
wef;csef;\rsufESmrSm &J&JeDaeawmh\/ odkYaomf acgif;pGyfBuD;pGyfxm;ojzifh &SufaoG;vTrf;aeaom
olYrsufESmudk rnfolrQ rjrifMu&acs/ vif;&Sifu
[dk acgif;wHk;BuD; acghydtkef;qdkwJhaumifaum rif;eJYNydKif&JYvm;/ olYyef;csDpmvHk;a&;[efu 3 ESpfom;
uav;av; aumufa&;ovdkyJuG/ olYudk,folawmh tawmf[kwfaeNyDvYdk xifaewJhaumifyJ/ 'gawmif
tm;r&ao;bl;/ ol&JUodkif;uGufxJrSm pkwfwHa&;[efawG bmawG xyfxnfhvdkufao;w,f/ awmfawmfl;wJh
aumifuGm/ rdwfaqGav; ... rif;udk igwpfckajymjyvdkufr,f/ rif;taeeJY wpfckawmh aumif;aumif;
odxm;&r,f/ &efoleJY wkdufcdkufwm[m aoa&;&Sifa&;udpuG/ tJonfvkdtcsdefrsKd;rSm [efawGyefawGeJY vSvSyy
vkyfraeeJY/ vkyf&ifawmh udk,fhtoufudk olrsm;vufxJ xdk;tyfvdkufwmyJ/ tJonftl; acghydtkef;&JU twkawmh
oGm;rckd;eJYuG/ twkcdk;&if rif;yJ 'ku a&mufrSmyJ
vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD;&JUpum;u wu,frSefw,f/ q&mBuD; acghydtkef;u olrsm;eJYwkdufckdufwJhae&mrSm
tawmfuav; b0ifjrifhaeyHk&w,f/ uRefawmfeJYwkdufcdkufwkef;u tJonfvdyk HkpHrsKd;yJ
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;ukd Mum;&aom acghydtkef;rSm tvGefa'goxGufvm\/ [kwfwdkif;qdk emvdkcHcuf qdkonfh
vlYoabmobm0twkdif;yif jzpfawmh\/ kwfw&uf a'goxGufvmrdaomfvnf; acghydtkef;rSm taotcsm
jyefvnfpOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg vif;&SifESifh vifh[lcsKH;wdkY\ pum;rsm; rSefuefvSaMumif;awGU&Sd&ojzifh ol\
a'goudk xdef;csKyfxm;vdkuf&\/ vif;&Sifu qufajymjyefonf/
a[;ayusdqdkwJhtaumif&JU usm;Aef;wku
d fuGufuawmh odyfrqkd;vSbl;/ orm;dk;us vufeufawGeJY
wkdufaewJhvlawGu usm;Aef;eJYwkdufwmudk jrif&awmh qef;oGm;wmayghav/ olY&JU wkdufcdkufrIuvnf;
tqifhtwef; jrifhw,f/ wpfuGufwkdufcdkufNyD;wmeJY aemufxyfaemufxyf okdif;uGufawG wpfuGufNyD;wpfuGuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
633
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
qufwkduf xGufvmawmhwmyJ/ omrefvlqkd&if olYwkdufuGufudk cHEdkif&nf&SdrSmr[kwfbl;/ rdwfaqGav; ...

rif;uawmh 'DaumifhtuGufudk vG,fvG,fuav;eJYzsufEdkifr,fqkdwm igodaew,f/ b,fvdkzsufvdkufwmvJ ighudk
ajymjyprf;ygOD;
vifh[lcsKH;u [ifhtif; ... uRefawmfu olYtuGufudk apmifhrzsufygbl;/ zsufw,fqkdwJhpum;udk oHk;vdkY
roifhbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh wdkufyGJpwmeJY uRefawmfu wkdufppfqifwmyJ/ olvnf;uRefawmfhwdkufppfudk
jyD;wJhtxd cHppfyJ upm;oGm;&wmyJ
'Daumif 'kwd,tuGufudk b,fvkdxkwfovJ
[ifhtif; ... 'kwd,tuGufudk b,fvdk xkwfEdkifrSmvJ/ uRefawmfuyJ wkdufppfqifaewmudk;
'gjzifh wwd,uGufa&m
wwd,tuGufvnf; olyJ cHppfupm;oGm;&wmyJ
f dk 3 uGufqufwkduf wkdufNyD; olYudk
[ ... 'Dvkdqkd&if b,fqkd;rvJuG/ a[;ayusd&JU usm;Aef;wkdufuGuu
wkdufppfqifcGifhr&&atmif wkdufEdkifwJhvl awmfawmf&Sm;wmuG/ aumif;NyD/ pwkwtuGufudka&m b,fvdkwkduf
ovJ
[m; [m; [m; ... uRefawmfuyJ wkdufppfqifwmyJ
vif;&Sifu av;av;eufeuf ajymvdkuf\/
0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU"g;odkif;u 'DavmufawmifyJ aumif;ovm;/ ighpdwfxifawmh q&mBuD;
zkef;csif; udk,fwkdif wkdufcdkuf&ifawmif a[;ayusdqdkwJhaumifudk 4 uGufwdwd evHrxlEdkifatmif wkdufEkdifvdrhf
r,fvdkY rxifcb
Jh l;/ eHygwf 5 tuGufrSmawmh olurif;udk aoaocsmcsmudk jyefwkdufrSmyJ
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;udkcg,rf;vdkuf\/
eHygwf 5 tuGufvJ uRefawmfu wdkuw
f myJ
xdktcg vif;&SifxHrS [mueJ tmar#dwfoHwpfcsuf ay:vmawmh\/ twefMumaomtcgrS
rdwfaqGav; ... rif;u tm;vHk; 12 uGuftxd wkdufcdkufwmudk a[;ayusdu wpfuGufrS
jyefrwkdufEkdifbl;aygh
vifh[lcsKH;u ... uRefawmfu wkdufomwkdufaewm/ tuGufawGudk rSwfxm;wm r[kwfbl;/ wkdufae&if
b,fawmhrS tmkH 2 ckrxm;bl;/ tmkH 2 ckxm;&if tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmf jzpfwmcsnf;yJ
a[;ayusdu 0ifa&muf&Sif;jyvdkufonf/
zkef;csKH;&JU"g;odkif;u odyfaumif;vdkY wpfcsdefvHk; oluusKyfudk wdkufppfqifaewmyJ/ odkif;uGuf 40
ausmfwJhtxd usKyfu wpfuGufuav;rS jyefrwkdufEkdifwmeJY aemufqHk;rSm tIH;ay;vdkuf&wmyJ
xdktcg vif;&SifrSm [mueJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/ xkdYaemuf wtHhwMo qufajymaeawmhonf/
rjzpfEdkifbl;/ 'Davmuf rjzpfEdkifbl;/ 0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;zkef;csif;[m 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm
"g;odkif;taumif;qHk; jzpfayr,fh 0gqef;*dkPf;"g;odkif;u 'Davmuf wkvGwfuif;atmif aumif;wmrSr[kwfy/J
b,fenf;eJYrS igr,Hkbl;uGm/ 0gqef;*dkPf;uvlwpfa,muf[m a[;ayusdqDu wpfuGufrS jyefrwkdufatmif
pGrf;aqmif Edkifw,fqkdwmuawmh vHk;0rjzpfEdkifbl;
a[;ayusdu vif;&Sif\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg tvGefauseyfoGm;onf/ olu tjzpfrSefukd &Sif;jy
vdkuf\/
aemifBuD; vif;&Sifu usKyfukd odyftxifBuD;aewmudk;/ aemifBuD;&JUpum;twGuf usKyf*kPf,lrdwmuawmh
trSefyJ/ 'gayr,fh zkef;csKH;&JU"g;odkif;u wu,faumif;wmyg/ aemifBuD;u olY"g;odkif;ukd 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU y&d0kPf
xJrSmcsnf; atmufarhNyD;ajymaewmudk;/ aemifBuD;vif;&Sif ... zkef;csKH;&JU"g;odkif;u 0gqef;*dkPf; "g;odkif;ynm&JU
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
634
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tjyifzufudk a&mufaeNyD/ e,fedrdwf r&Sdawmhbl;/ olu tJonfavmuf aMumufp&m aumif;wJh oli,fuav;yJ

aemifBuD;&JU
xkdtcg vif;&Sifu ... aumif;jyD/ rdwfaqGav; ... rif;eJY ig "g;odkif;NydKifMur,f/ rif;&JU "g;okdif;ynm
b,favmuf jrifhrm;ovJqkdwm ig prf;Munhfr,f
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;u 0rfcsKH;wkdY nDtpfudk 4 a,mufzufodkY vSnfhvkdufNyD;
aumif;NyD ... usKyfuvnf; NydKifrSmygyJ/ q&mBuD;u usKyfudkEkdifzdkY aocsmw,f/ 'Dawmh cifAsm;wkdY 4
a,mufqDrSm usKyfwpfck awmif;qkdcsifw,f/ 'Dawmif;qkdcsufudkawmh cGifhjyKyg [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
0rfcsKH;wdkY 4 a,mufrSm tHhMoawGa0aom avoHjzifh jyefar;vkdufonf/
bmawmif;qkdrSmvJ
vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD;vif;&Sif usKyfudkEkdifoGm;&if cifAsm;wkdY 4 a,mufu [dkypnf;awG &r,f/ wpfckawmh
cifAsm;wkdY jyefvdu
k favsm&r,f/ 'guawmh q&mBuD;vif;&Sifudk vTwfay;&r,f
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg 0rfcsKH;? a[;ayusd? acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdY 4 a,mufpvHk; cg;oD;pGm
atmf[pfjiif;y,fMuawmh\/
r&bl; ... 'guawmh b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEdkifbl;
0rfcsKH;u vifh[lcsKH;udk taotcsmMunfhNyD; w[m;[m; &,fvkdufonf/
ighnDu rjzpfEkdifwmawGudk tdyfrufrufaewmudk;/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;u 'Dvkdajymcdkif;vkdufvdkYvm;
vifh[lcsKH;u ... q&mbkd;bdk;u 'Duq&mBuD; vif;&Sif 'DrSm tcsKyftaESmifcHae&w,f qkdwmudk
odawmifodwm r[kwfbl;/ q&mbkd;bkd; rajymeJY uRefawmfawmif rodbl;/ uRefawmfeJY,SOfNydKifcdkif;r,hfvludk
rdef;rwpfa,muf jzpfvdrhfr,fvdkYawmif xifaeao;wm
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;udk a[;ayusdu aumif;pGm,HkMunfonf/ xkdYaMumifh olu vifh[lcsKH;tm;
vSrf;ar;vku
d fonf/
]]zkef;csKH; ... 'Du vif;&SifqdkwJhvlu b,folvJodvm;/ 'Dvlu odkif;avmurSm b,fvdkemrnfrsKd;&xm;w,f
qkdwmudka&m od&JUvm;/ 'Dvl[m tpu b,f*dkPf;BuD;&JU*dkPf;csKyfqkdwmudka&m od&JUvm;/ bmjzpfvkdY ol[m 'DrSm
tcsKyftaESmif cHae&w,fqkdwmudka&m od&JUvm;
a[;ayusd\ar;cGef;rsm;rSm rsm;vSpGm\/ olqufwkduf ar;jref;vdkufjcif;\aemufuG,fwGif bkrodbrod
awmif;qkdaeonfh vifh[lcsKH;tm; *kPma'gaompdwfrsm; rodrom yg0ifaeonf/ a[;ayusd\ ar;cGef;rsm;udk
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh wpfcGef;rQrajzEdkifay/ olu a[;ayusdtm; awGa0pGmMunf&h if; wpfcGef;wnf; jyefajz
vdkuf\/
'g ... 'g ... uRefawmf rodbl;
a[;ayusdu at; ... rif;rodbl;qkdwm ig,Hkw,f/ rif; b,fvkdrS rodEkdifbl;/ rif;om wu,fvkdY
odcJh&if 'Dvludk vTwfay;zdkY rif;b,fawmif;qkdyghrvJ/ rodvdkYom vTwfay;zkdY awmif;qkdaewmaygh/ ... 'Dvl[m
'Duae vGwfajrmufoGm;NyD; odkif;avmuxJa&mufoGm;NyDqdk&ifawmh odkif;avmuBuD;wpfckvHk; uRrf;xkd;arSmufcHk
jzpfNyDomrSwfayawmh/ okdif;avmuxJu odkif;q&mBuD;awG? odkif;ynm&SifBuD;awG b,favmufrsm;rsm;
aoukefMurvJ rqdkEkdifbl;
xkdtcg vif;&Sifu w[m;[m;&,f
[kwfw,f/ awmifydkif;&Jav;azmfqkdwJh a[monfacG;av;aumifu ighudk b,fawmhrS vTwfray;&Jbl;uG/
'DaumifawGudk acG;awGvkdYac:wm taMumif;rJhac:wm r[kwfbl;/ 'DaumifawGu ighudkapmifhMuyfae&wm/
olrsm;&JUtrdefYeJY ighudkvmNyD; apmifhMuyfae&wJhaumifawG/ ighudkvTwfay;&JwJh tmPmrsKd; &SdwJhaumifawGrS
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
635
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[kwfwm/ rjzpfpavmuf acG;avS;Murf;ydk;vdk tapmifhaumifawG/ rdwfaqGav; rif;tckeu awmif;qkdwm

qkdwJhpum;u 'DacG;avS;Murf;ydk;awGudk enf;enf;txifBuD;ovdk jzpfoGm;NyD/ bmrStxifrBuD;eJY/ 'DaumifawGu
tapmifhawG oufoufyJ
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxw
J Gif IyfaxG;ayGvDaeawmh\/ olwkdYajymaeonfhpum;rsm;udkvnf; vHk;0em;rvnfacs/
xkdYaMumifh olYpdwfxJwGif
olwkdYajymwJh pum;awGu r&Sif;bl;/ igvnf; wpfckrS em;rvnfbl;/ bmawGrSef;vnf; rodbl;
0rfcsKH;u zkef;csKH; ... rif;&JUpdwf"gwfudk igwkdYaumif;aumif; odw,f/ rif;u pdwfaumif;&SdvGef;w,f/
rif;rSm oem;wwfwJh pdwfawGay:vmvdkY 'Dpum;rsKd; ajymw,fqkdwm igwkdYaumif;aumif; &dyfrdw,f/ 'gayr,fh
rif;usyfusyfowdxm;&r,fh tcsufwpfckudk BudKajymxm;vkdufr,f/ a[monfvlom vGwfoGm;&if rif;wkdY0gqef;
*dkPf; zGwfzGwfnufnuf raMubl;qkd&if ighudkajymcsifovkd ajymayawmh/ 'Djyif*dkPf;awG rajymeJY/ rif;wkdY
0gqef;*dkPf; wpf*dkPf;wnf;wif tawmfhudk'kua&mufrSm
xdktcg tcsKyfcef;twGif;rS vif;&Sifqkdaom vlBuD;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ajymvdkufawmh\/
[kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ... 'guawmh trSefpum;yJ/ 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm tckvuf&Sd *kdPf;csKyfvkyfaewm
b,folwJh/ &ufykcRef r[kwfvm;/ vlcsKdpdwfaumufqkdwm tJonfaumifrsKd;/ rsufESmuawmh bk&m;vdk/
pdwfxm;usawmh rm&fewfvdk/ tvGefaumufuspf,kwfrmwJh pdwfxm;rsKd;/ Oy"dkyfaumif;oavmuf tifrwef
,kwfrmaumufuspfwJh aumifrsKd;/ igtcsKyfcH&wkef;rSm 'Daumif 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHvdkufwm/
igomtcsKyfrcH&&if 'DvdkaumifrsKd;&JUZmwdkyu
f dk ay:oGm;atmif igutxkyfajzjyvkdufrSm/ olY&JU rif;om;kyf
rsufESmzHk;udk qGJjzKwfNyD; bDvl;kyfay:vmatmif vkyfjyvdkufrSm
vifh[lcsKH;onf 0gqef;*dkPf;rS armif;xkwfcHxm;&onf rSefaomfvnf; ol\ q&mESifhq&mrwkdYudk
dkaoav;pm;qJyif jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh ,ckuJhodkY vif;&Sifu ol\q&mudk Murf;wrf;pGm apmfum;Iwfcsaeonfh
pum;rsm;udk Mum;&aomtcg vGefpGm a'goxGufvmawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh cg;cg;oD;oD; atmf[pfvkdufrdonf/
awmf ... usKyf ...
vifh[lcsKH;u usKyfq&m [kajym&ef &nfG,fvkdufjcif; jzpf\/ odkYaomf rdrd\vuf&Sdkyfzsufxm;onfudk
owd&vdkufojzifh uref;uwef; &yfvkduf&jcif;jzpfonf/ vif;&Sifurl vifh[lcsKH; a'goxGuf&jcif;taMumif;udk
rodojzifh w[m;[m;&,f&if; olajymcsif&mudk qufajymaeawmhonf/
0gqef;*dkPf;xJrSm MunfhvkdY&r,fh 2 a,mufu q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&,f/ rif;&,f/ 2 a,mufyJ &Sdr,f/
aemufNyD;awmh rif;xuf0gi,fr,fh rdef;uav;wpfa,muf &Sdygao;w,f/ b,folygvdrhf/ igrSwfrdygw,f/
aMomf ... [kwfNyD ... [kwfNyD/ zl;vif ... zl;vif ... tJonfaumifrav;u odyfrqdk;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh trJom;ykyf
xkyfonfhyk0g? ayvdrhf{uefyg qkdwJh pum;vdkyJ/ tifrwef wefzkd;&SdwJh zl;vifvkd rdef;uav;rsKd;u trJom;ykyfeJY
wlwJh &ufykcRefvdk aumifrsKd;udk vufxyfwm[m tifrwef ESajrmzdkYaumif;w,f/ olu bmjzpfvkdYrsm; 'Dvkd
vl,kwfrmeJY vufxyfvkduf&wmvJ rodbl;
xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm idk&tcuf? &,f&tcuf jzpfoGm;awmh\/ ol\q&mrudk
olYxuf 0gi,fonf[k xifrSwfaeonf/ xdkYaMumifh aumifruav;[k ac:a0:oHk;EIef;aeonfudk Mum;vdkuf
&aomtcg uoduatmufBuD; jzpfaeawmhonf/ wpfckawmh awmfygao;onf/ vif;&Sifonf olYq&m
&ufykcRefudk rIdcsKd;rQpfcsKd; ESdrfhcsajymqdkcJhaomfvnf; olYq&mr zl;vifudkawmh tawmfuav; csD;usL;ajymqdk
oGm;onf/
xdkpOf vif;&Sifu rdwfaqGav; ... rif;&JU emrnfu b,folvJ/ igrod&bl;vm;
vifh[lcsKH;u zkef;csKH; [k ajzvdkuf\/
vif;&Sifu ... uJ ... zkef;csKH; ... rif; 0ifvmcJhayawmh/ igu 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU"g;odkif;udk odyftxifBuD;wJhvl
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
636
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh [dkacG;aumifawGu rif;&JU "g;odkif;udk csD;usL;vGef;aeawmh q&mBuD; zkef;csif;&JU "g;odkif;

b,favmuf&w
Sd ,fqkdwmudk prf;MunfhMuao;wmaygh
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; vif;&Sifqkdaom vlBuD;udk jrifzl;csifonf/ b,fvkdvlrsKd;jzpfonfudk odcsifaerdonf/
xdkYaMumifh olu
uRefawmfh"g;odkif;uawmh rjzpfpavmufav;yg/ 'gayr,fh q&mBuD; prf;Munfhcsifw,f qkd&ifawmh
uRefawmfuvnf; upm;jy&wmaygh/ uRefawmfvnf; q&mBuD;qDrSm ynm,lp&mawG &SdaewmyJ
xdkpOf wef;csef;u vifh[lcsKH;\ em; em;uyf toHwkd;wdk;jzihf owday;vdkufonf/
nDav; ... 'Dvl&JU odkif;ynm[m wu,faMumufp&m aumif;wm/ &ufvnf; &ufpufw,f/
aumif;aumif; owdxm;/ 'DvleJY "g;odkif;NydKifkHuawmh ta&;rBuD;bl;/ 'gayr,fh twGif;tm;odkif;awmh
oGm;rNydKifeJY ... Mum;vm;
xkdpum;onf wef;csef;\ pdwf&if;apwem&if;udk azmfjyvdkufonfh pum;yifjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;url
vif;&Sif qkdaomvlBuD;udk olwkdYajymoavmuf raMumufGHUacs/ odkYaomf wef;csef;udkawmh acgif;ndwfjyvdkuf\/
xdkpOf vif;&Sifu twGif;rS ajymvdkufonf/
0ifvmcJhawmhav/ 'DaumifawGajymwJh pum;awGudk ,HkraeeJY/ tvum; acG;aumifawG/ 'DaumifawGu
wpfaumifrS aumif;wJh taumifawG r[kwfbl;
xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&jyefaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm awGa0oGm;awmh\/ b,folu vlqkd;? b,folu
vlaumif;jzpfonfudk cGJjcm;rodEkdifawmh/ olt
Y aejzifh rnfolYudk tultnDay;&rnfenf;/
0rfcsKH;u aomhwpfacsmif;udkxkwf aomhaygufxJxnfhum vSnfhvkdufonf/ a[;ayusduvnf; aomhwpf
acsmif;udkxkwf tjcm;aomhwpfaygufxJ xnfhvkduf\/ xkdrQESifh rNyD;ao;ay/ acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdY 2
a,mufom;vnf; olwkdY\ aomhrsm;udkxkwf tjcm;aomhayguf 2 aygufxJwGif xnfhum vSnfhvdkufMu
jyefonf/ tqifhqifhaom vHkjcHKa&;pepfyifwnf;/ oHwHcg;BuD;udk zGifhrnfqdkvQif nDtpfudk 4 a,mufpvHk;
xHrS aomh 4 acsmif;pvHk;udk &rSom zGifhEkdifayvdrfhrnf/ odkYr[kwfygu rnfodkYrQ zGifhEkdifvdrhfrnf r[kwfacs/
xkdYaemuf oHwHcg;BuD;\ csufusoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJrS
tif; ... 'Dvl 4 a,mufuvnf; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf r,HkovkdygyJvm;/ aomh 4 acsmif;eJY
NydKifwlzGifhrS 'DwHcg;u yGifhrSmudk;
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oHwHcg;BuD;rSm waGUaGU yGifhoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf wpfcsyfvHk; yGifhoGm;jcif; r[kwfacs/ vlwpfudk,f0ifomkH
tenf;i,f yGifhoGm;jcif;om jzpfonf/ xkdokdY yGifhoGm;vQifoGm;csif; 0rfcsKH;wdkY nDtpfudk 4 a,mufpvHk; aemufokdY
ckefqkwfoGm; Muawmh\/ olwkdYbmtaMumif;aMumifh qkwfoGm;rSe;f rodojzifh vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; aemufodkY
ckefqkwfvdkuf\/
qkwfNyD;onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;onf 0rfcsKH;wd\
kY rsufESmrsm;udk ar;cGef;ar;onfhES,f vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ 0rfcsKH;
wdkYxHrS rnfonfhpum;rQ rMum;&ao;rD vif;&SifxHrS w[m;[m; &,foHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/
rdwfaqGav; ... 'DaumifawGu ighudkaMumufvkdY aemufqkwfajy;Muwm/ rif;uyg bmjzpfvdkY a&ma,mifNyD;
ckefqkwfoGm;&wmvJ
vifh[lcsKH;u wpfcsuf&,fvdkufNyD;
atmf ... 'Dvdkvm; ... 'gjzihf uRefawmf0ifvmNyD
wef;csef;u opfom;"g; 2 acsmif;udk,l vifh[lcsKH;udk urf;ay;vku
d fonf/ acghydtkef;u
zkef;csKH; ... 'DrD;tdrfudkvnf; ,loGm;OD;/ txJa&mufoGm;&if bmrSrjrifyJ jzpfaeOD;r,f [k ajymum
ausmuf*leH&HwGif csdwfqGJxm;aom rD;tdrfwpfvHk;udkyg vSrf;ay;vdu
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
637
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdkufNyD; tcef;xJ 0ifvdkufawmhonf/

nDtpfudk 4 a,muf\ owday;oHrsm;? *kwpkdufvkyfrIrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf
vlrsm;onf trSefwu,f qkd;0g;,kwfrmaom vlrsm; [kwfrS[kwfyghrvm;qkdaom 'Gd[pdwfrsm; 0ifvmjyef
awmhonf/ xdknD tpfudk 4 a,muftay: &Sdaeaom oHo,pdwfrsm;vnf; avsmhyg;vmouJhokdY xifrSwfvm
jyefonf/ ol\pdwfxJwGif ESpfzufaom vlrsm;ESifhywfouf wdwdusus ydkif;jcm;qHk;jzwfr&onfuawmh
trSefyif jzpfawmh\/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
638
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tcsKyfcef;xJ0,f
tcef;rSm q,fayywfvnfcefY&Sdonf/ vlwpfa,muftzdkY usOf;vGef;onf[k rqkdEkdifay/ eH&HESihfuyfvsuf
ukwifwpfvHk;&Sdae\/ ukwifay:wGif vlwpfa,mufxkdifaeonf/ xdkvl\kyfudk yDyDjyifjyif MunfhrjrifEkdifacs/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf xkdvl\rkwfqdwfarT;rsm;rSm &ifywfay:txd &Snfvsm;pGm a&muf&Sdaeavonf/ EIwfcrf;
arT;ESifh yg;odkif;arT;rsm;rSmvnf; zHk;vTrf;aeojzifh ol\yuwdkyf&nfukd rnfodkYrQ rcefYrSef;Ekdifacs/ xdktarT;
&SnfBuD;rsm;aMumifh tMunfh&qdk;vSonfuawmh trSefyifjzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf tcef;wGif;a&mufonfESifh xdkvlBuD;udk tdktaoay; *g&0 jyKvdkufonf/
uRefawmfhtaeeJY q&mBuD;udk awGUqHkcGifh&wJhtwGuf trsm;BuD; auseyf*kPf,lygw,f
xdkvlBuD;u &,fvkdufNyD;
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ao;ouG/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqkdawmh vlvlcsif; tckvdkrawGU&wm ESpfaygif;odyfMumaevdkYyJ/ ightzdkY tysif;ajywmaygh
q&mBuD; ... rD;tdrfudk ukwifay:wifxm;vdkY jzpfrvm;
at; ... wifxm;vkduf ... jzpfw,f
vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf rD;tdrfudk ukwifay:wif&ef pum;pvkdufjcif;rSm &nfG,fcsuf&Sd\/ ukwifem;odkY
avQmufoGm;NyD;rS rD;tdrfudk ukwifay:wifvkdufonf/ xdkodkYwif&mwGif wHcg;aygufrS nDtpfudk 4 a,mufvHk;
rjrifEdkif&ef udk,fjzifhumNyD; wifvdkuf\/ wpfNydKifeufyif vufxJrSpuLvHk;uav;udk xkdvlBuD;\vufxJodYk
vSrf;xnfhvdkufawmhonf/
vif;&Sifu kwfw&ufaMumifoGm;NyD; csufcsif;yif ajEqnfum rodrom vSrf;,lvdkufonf/
wpfqufwnf;yif us,favmifvSaomtoHjzifh tjyifzufodkY vSrf;atmfum ar;vdkufonf/
a[h ... tjyifu 4 aumif/ rif;wkdYyg txJ0ifMunfhMuygvm;/ Munhfcsif&if vmcJhMuav/ eD;eD;uyfuyf
awGU&wmaygh
vif;&Sifu pum;ukd wrifajymvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdYNidrfoufaeygu tjyifrS oHo,&Sdrnfpdk;
umuG,fvdkufjcif;om jzpf\/ xkd 4 a,mufpvHk; 0ifrvm&Jonfudk twyfodae\/
0rfcsKH;u ae&musOf;w,f aemifBuD;vif;&Sif/ usKyfwkdYtxJ0ifMunh&f if cifAsm;wkdY wkdufcdkuf&wm
rvGwfrvyf jzpfaevdrhfr,f/ tjyifzufuyJ usKyfwkdY Munfhygawmhr,f
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
639
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;&Sifu 'gqdk&ifaumif;NyD/ rdwfaqGav; ... wHcg;oGm;ydwfvdkufprf;yg/ NyD;rS wkdufMuwmaygh

vifh[lcsKH;u wHcg;oGm;ydwfvdkuf\/ xdktcsdefwGif vif;&Sifu rwfwwf&yfvkduf&m csvGrf; cRrf; ueJ
oHMudK;csif;dkufcwfoHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&awmhonf/ xdktoHrsm;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH; kwfw&uf rsufvHk;jyL;
oGm;\/ taotcsm Munfhvkdufaomtcg xkdvlBuD;\ajcESifhvufrsm;wGif oHBudK;rsm;jzifh csnfaESmifxm;aMumif;
awGUvkduf&\/ xkdoHBudK;wpfquftqHk;rSm eH&HwGif ESpfjrKyfxm;onf/ rQ pepfwus csKyfaESmifcHae&aom
tusOf;om;onf rnfodkY vGwfajrmufEkdifygawmhtHhenf;/
xdkYaemuf vif;&Sifu vifh[lcsKH;,lvmaom opfom;"g;wpfvufukd ,lvdkuf\/ "g;udkqMunfhonf/
avxJ a0SY,rf;MunfhvkdufNyD; oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum
ig"g;rukdifwm q,fESpfausmfoGm;NyD/ "g;odkif;uGufawGudk rSwfrS rSwfrdyghrvm;awmif rodawmhbl;/
"g;qkdwm uvnf; tNrJwrf;udkifNyD; avhusifhaerS wkd;wufwm
vif;&Sifu "g;udkajrmuf avxJwGif ckwfcsvdkuf\/ xkdtcg tcef;xJwGif 0kef;ueJ cyftkyftkyf jrnfonfh
toHvIdif;wpfrsKd; xGufay:vmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;rdawmh\/
[m ... q&mBuD;&JU twGif;tm;u wu,faumif;wmyJ
vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;&Siftm; csD;usL;vkduf\/ xkdtcsdefwGif vif;&Sifonf ol\udk,fudk vSnfhvkdufNyD;
rD;a&mifrSdefrSdefatmufwGif vufxJrSpuLvHk;udk ajzMunhf&ef [efjyifaeonfudk awGUvkduf&\/ vifh[lcsKH;u
rodromjzifh aemufqkwfum oHwHcg;&Sd 6 vufrcefY&Sdaom taygufuav;rSwpfqifh vif;&Sif\tjyKtrludk
tjyifrSvlrsm; rjrifEkdifap&ef ausmjzifh umuG,fxm;vdkufonf/ ,if;aMumifh tjyifzuf&Sd nDtpfudk 4
a,mufwkdYu xdktaygufrS MunhfaeMuaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\ ausmjyifBuD;u umxm;ojzifh vif;&Sifudk
rjrifEkdifMuawmhay/ vif;&Sif bmvkyfaerSe;f vJ rodEdkifMuawmhay/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;&Sifudkom tuJcwfae\/ xdkvlBuD; qwfueJwkefvIyfoGm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/
ol\vufxJrSpmudk zwf &oGm;[efwl\/ twefMumrS vifh[lcsKH;tm; vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ ol\rsufvHk;rsm;
onf apmapmuESifhrwlyJ ta&mifwzdwzf dwf awmufyvmonf/ odkYaomf ol\avoHudkrl rnfodkrQ
rajymif;vJapyJ
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ighpdwfBudKuf"g;uGufudk b,faumif;aumif; xkwfEkdifawmhrvJ/ igu rif;udk EdkifcsifrS EkdifrSm [k ajymvdkuf
onf/
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vifh[lcsKH;u uRefawmfu tawGUtBuHKodyf&w
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G fr,f rxifbl;
vif;&Sifu aumif;NyDav/ rif;taeeJY a[;ayusdudk wdkufcJhwJh"g;uGuf 40 ausmfudk jyefoHk;prf;/ tJonf"g;
uGufawGudk igprf;Munfhr,f/ 'DaumifawG ajymwJhpum; nDrnD od&wmaygh
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfvdkufNyD;
q&mBuD; ... uRefawmfu q&mBuD; a[;ayusdeJY wkdufcJhwJh tuGufawGudkyJ jyefoHk;&rSmvm;/ 'DjyiftuGuf
awG rygbl;aygh ... [kwfvm;
vif;&Sifu 'DjyiftuGufawG xnfhroHk;ygeJY/ 'DtuGuf 40 udk prf;MunfhNyD;&if q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU "g;odkif;
ynm twdrfteufudk odEkdifwmyJ
vifh[lcsKH;u 'gjzifh aumif;NyD/ ... a[m'DrSm ...
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\"g;udk kwfw&uf a&SUodkY wkd;xkwfvdkufawmhonf/ "g;uGufrSm a[;ayusdESifh
wdkufpOfu olyxrqHk; toHk;jyKcJhaom "g;uGufyifjzpfonf/ vif;&Sifuvnf; olYvufxJrS"g;jzifh jyef
xkd;vdkufonf/ wGif vif;&Sif\"g;odkif;ynm wpfpGef;wpfpudk awGUvdkuf&\/ ol\"g;uGufrSm wkdufuGuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
640
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csnf;r[kwf? cHppf csnf;yJvnf;r[kwf/ wdkufppfESifh cHppf 2 rsKd;aygif;pyfxm;onf/

xdktcsdefwGif vifh[lcsKH;rSm oHwHcg;taygufuav;udk ausmjzifh umrxm;ojzihf a[;ayusdwdkYu
xdktaygufrS olwkdY\ wkdufyGJudk jrifae&onf/ vif;&Sif\ xdktuGufudk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg a[;ayusdrSm
rrsKdodyfEkdifawmhyJ vTwfueJ csD;usL;vdkufrdonf/
[m .. aumif;vkdufwJh tuGufygvm;
vif;&Sifu tcef;tjyifzufodkY vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/
at; ... rif;wkdY 'DaeY awmfawmfuHaumif;oGm;w,f rSwfayawmh/ "g;odkif;&JU vsKdU0SufeufeJwJh ynmawGudk
rif;wdkY 'DuaeY awGUMu&r,f/ 'Du rdwfaqGav;u olYynmawGukd rvQKd&ifayghuGm/ iguawmh tpGrf;ukef
wdkufrSmyJ
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xm;onfh tuGufrsKd;jzpf\/ vif;&Sif\ xl;jcm;aom "g;uGuf 2 uGufudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg &ifxJ
vIyf&Sm;vmawmh\/ onfvlukdawmh vG,fvG,fjzifh Ekdifrnfrxif/ odkYaomf ol\"g;zsm;url &efol\ 0rf;Adkuf
atmufykdif;odYk rodrom csdefG,fxm;vdkufonf/
vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,f
'DwpfuGufuawmh rqkd;bl;a[h
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jzifh odkif;uGuf 20 ausmfvm\/ "g; 2 acsmif;pvHk; wpfacsmif;ESifhwpfacsmif; wpfcsufrQ rxdcdkufrdMuao;ay/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf {u&mZf 9 uGuf "g;odkif;ynmudk wwfuRrf;NyD;onfhaemuf awGUBuHKcJh&onfh odkif;ynm&Sif
rsm;teuf vlonf "g;odkif;ynm tjrifhrm;qHk;aomvljzpfonf/
rQavmuf tqifhjrifholESifh wpfBudrfwpfcgrQ rawGUzl;ao;ay/ tqifhedrfholrsm;ESifhom awGUqHkwdkufcdkufcJh&
jcif;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh olYtaejzihf vif;&Sif trnf&Sdaom vlBuD;\[muGufu&dk Sm&ef tvGefcufcJaeawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;yif usvmawmhonf/ odkYaomf {u&mZf 9 uGuf "g;odkif;ynmtwkdif;
pdwfBudKuf"g;uGufrsm;udk tcGifhoifhovdk a&pD;yrm xkwfoHk;aevdkufonf/
vif;&SiftzdkYrSmvnf; BuD;pGmaom tcuftcJESifh &ifqkdifae&onf/ olYb0wpfavQmufvHk;wGif rQcufcJpGm
wkdufcdkuf&onfh "g;odkif;orm; wpfOD;wpfavrQ rawGUcJh&zl;acs/ vifh[lcsKH;\ "g;uGufrsm;udk vHk;0cefYrSef;
r&ojzifh OD;aESmufajcmufaeawmh\/ rdrd\ &ifhusufaom tawGUtBuHKESifh rdrdwwfxm;orQaom "g;okdif;
ynmrsm;udk vTmoHk;NyD; vifh[lcsKH;\ "g;uGufrsm;udk wpfuGufcsif; BudK;pm;yrf;pm; ajzae&awmh\/ tpyxrykdi;f
"g;uGufrsm;wGifom ajE&&ajzEdkifonf/ okdif;uGufaygif; 40 ausmfvmaomtcg ol\ "g;uGufrsm;rSm av;vH
aES;auG;vmawmh\/
0rfcsKH;wkdY 4 a,mufrSm 6 vufrywfvnf taygufuav;rS acgif;csif;yl;uyfum twGif;odkY acsmif;Munfhae
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ojzifh csD;usL;tm;usaeonf/ odkYaomf aemufydkif;a&mufvmonfESifh olwkdY 4 a,mufonf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh
vif;&SifwkdY\ "g;uGufrsm;udk em;rvnfEdkifawmhacs/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf vifh[lcsKH;wkdY\"g;odkif;uGufrsm;onf olwdkY 4 a,muf rDEkdifaom OmPf&nfxuf ydk
tqihfjrihfoGm;aomaMumifh jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf 0rfcsKH;taejzihfrl wpfuGufwpfavudk twefMum awG;awm
pOf;pm;NyD; em;vnfvdkuf&onf/ xdkodkYem;vnfvdkufonfESifh xkdodkif;uGuf\ tESpfom&udk &ifoyfIarmjzpf
oGm;&awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh &ifxJ wkefwkef,if,ifjzpfvmonftxd acsmufcsm;oGm;&awmh\/ olYpdwfxJrS
bk&m; ... bk&m; ... zkef;csKH;&JU"g;odkif;u aMumufp&m aumif;vScsnfvm;/ apmapmwkef;u igeJY "g;a&;jydKif
w,fqkdwmu olY"g;odkif;ynm&JU 10 yHk 1 yHkavmufuav; xkwfoHk;wmyJ/ olYrSm twGif;tm;r&Sdwmudk
xnhfajymaezkdY b,fvdkawmhrvJ/ ppcsif;rSm igh&JU rsufvHk;udk xkd;azmufvkduf&if igIH;NyDaygh/ ... tif; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
641
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wu,fhaMumufp&m "g;odkif;yJ
trSefpifppf {u&mZf 9 uGuf "g;odkif;ynm\ pGrf;&nfu tjcm; "g;okdif;ynmrsm;ESifhrwl wrlxl;jcm;
aeonf/ onftcsufudk vifh[lcsKH;udk,fwdkifyif rodacs/ olYq&mbdk;bdk;uvnf; rQtxd &Sif;jy&efrvdk[k
,lq[efwlojzihf vifh[lcsKH;tm; &Sif;vif;rjycJhacs/ {u&mZf 9 uGuf \pGrf;&nfrSm &efol\tiftm;ESifh
pGrf;&nfay: rlwnfae\/ &efolu pGrf;&nfjrifhrm;avav? ol\tpGrf;tpudv
k nf; ydkxkwfavav jzpfawmh
onf/ xdkYaMumifh 0rfcsKH;wdkY nDtpfudk 4 a,muf OmPf&nfrrDyJ jzpfvm&jcif;jzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzkdY olUwpfoufwGif BuHKzl;orQ odkif;ynm&Sifrsm;xJwGif wu,fhxdyfoD; odkif;ynm&SifESifh
awGUMuHKae&jcif; jzpfojzifh olwwfajrmufxm;onfh {u&mZf 9 uGuf "g;odkif;pGrf;&nfrsm;onf wpfykd'fcsif;?
wpfvTmcsif; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm tuGufrxyfatmif xGufay:vmawmhonf/ ,cifu oabmraygufcJhonfh
tcsufrsm;udk wkduf&if;cdkuf&if; oabmaygufvmonf/ olYq&mbkd;bdk; oifay;vdkufonfhoabmw&m;rsm;udk
vufawGUjzifh aygif;pyfrdvmjcif;jzpf\/ xdktcg olY"g;uGufrsm;rSm tvkdtavsmuf ydk obm0usvmonf/
"g;uGufxkwf&mwGif tcuftcJ? tzktxpf vHk;0r&Sdawmh/ a&pD;uJhodkY tqufrjywf qufwkduf xkwfEkdifvmawmh
onf/
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k f
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dk fonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm em;xJ tkef;ueJ
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qkyfukdif xm;rdawmh\/ odkYaomf rnfokdYrQ oufom&mr&yJ jzpfaeonf/ av;vHvSaom rsufcGHrsm;udk
twif;qGJzGifh Munfhvkdufrdonf/ jrifjriforQonf tarSmifxkBuD;jzpfaeonf/ tarSmifurvmBuD; zHk;vTrf;vsuf
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awmh\/ rdrdrSm at;pufrmaMumaom oHjym;wpfckay:wGif vJavsmif;vsuf&Sdaeacsonfwum;/ xkdoHjym;BuD;udk
taotcsmprf;oyf&ef BudK;pm;vkdufonfhtcg cRif ... csvGif ponhf oHBudK;dkufcwfoHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&awmh
onf/ xkdtcgusrS rdrd\vuf 2 zufrSm q&mBuD; vif;&SifuJhokdY oHBudK;rsm;jzifh csnfaESmifjcif; cHxm;&onfudk
awGU&avawmh\/
yxrtBudrf owd&vmpOfuyif olYvufrsm;udk oHBudK;rsm; csnfaESmifxm;NyD; jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf
OD;acgif;tufuGJaeonfhyrm udkufcJemusifvGef;vSojzifh olYvufrSoHBudK;rsm;udk vHk;0owdr&? rod&SdyJ
jzpfcJh&onf/ OD;acgif; udk qkyfudkifrdjyD; oHBudK;wef;vef;BuD;ygvmaomfvnf; vHk;0rodEdkifavmufatmif
tmkHaMumrsm; udkufcJxHkxkdif;aecJh jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u ywf0ef;usifudk tuJcwfvdkujf yefonf/
apmapmutwkdif;yif tarSmifxkBuD;om vTrf;rdk;zkH;tkyfaejrJ/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJ pOf;pm;vdkufrdonfrSm
ig q&mBuD; vif;&SifeJY "g;odkif;NydKif&if; owdarhvJusoGm;w,f/ tckigb,fvdk jzpfoGm;wmvJ/ {uE
igvnf; [dkav;aumif&JUvufcsufeJY q&mBuD; vif;&Sifvdk tcsKyfcH&NyDeJY wlw,f/ q&mBuD;vif;&SifeJY igeJY
wpfcef;wnf;rsm;vm; rodbl;
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\xdwfvefYrIrsm;udk xdef;odrf;vdkufonf/ ta&;tBuD;qHk; tcsufrSm q&mBuD;vif;&SifESifh
qufoG,frI&&ef jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh olu
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
642
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q&mBuD;vif;&Sif ... q&mBuD; ... q&mBuD;vif;&Sif ... tck q&mBuD;vif;&Sif b,ftcef;rSm

a&mufaeovJ [k vSrf;atmfvkdufonf/
okdYaomf olYtoHom yJhwifxyfoGm;\/ rnfonfhwHkYjyefpum;rQ rMum;&acs/ vHk;0wdwfqdwfjidrfoufvsuf
&Sdaeavonf/ wdwfqdwfjidrfoufrI BuD;pkd;vmaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m acsmufcsm;oGm;NyD;
aMumufaMumuf vefYvefYESifh toHukef atmf[pfawmhonf/ onfwpfBudrfvnf; rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&jyefacs/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olaoudk,fao wdkuf&aom wkdufyGJrsm;? olwpfyg;udk ulnD&if; ao&rnfh udprsm; aMumufGHUrI
vHk;0r&Sdaomfvnf; uJhodkY ydef;ydwfatmifarSmifaeonfh ajrwdkufcef;twGi;f wpfa,mufwnf; jzpfaeaMumif;
odvkduf&onfh tcgwGifrl tvGefw&m xdwfvefYaMumufGHUvmrdonf/ xkdYaMumifh toHukefatmfar;vkdufjyefonf/
cifAsm;wkdY bmjzpfvdkY usKyfukd ydwfavSmifxm;&wmvJ/ usKyfudk jyefvTwfyg/ usKyfukd jyefvTwfyg
toHukefatmf[pf&if;rS olYtoHrsm; wjznf;jznf; uGJtufvmawmhonf/ olrnfrQyif atmfapumrl
toHuav; wpfpHkwpf&mudkrQ vHk;0jyefrMum;&acs/ aemufqHk;wGif a'goxGufvmjyD; atmf[pfqJqdkavawmh\/
acG;awG ... acG;aumifawG ... acG;xuf,kwfrmwJh aumifawG
rnf;arSmifaeaom ajratmufcef;twGif; rnfrQtcsdefMumatmif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif; cHae&rnfudk vHk;0
rrSef;qEdkifojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm aMumufaoG;rTefvmawmhonf/ yxr a'gojzifh atmf[pfqJqdkaeaomfvnf;
wjznf;jznf; idkoHaygufvmawmh\/ aemufqHk;wGif rnfodkYrQ atmf[pfjcif; rjyKEkdifawmhyJ jyefvnfowdarhoGm;
jyefonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\em;xJ kwfw&uf ajcoHvkdvdk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh qwfueJxvdkufrdonf/ rnfrQMumatmif
owd arhaecJhonf rodacs/ ,ckowd&vmaomtcg olYtcef;wGif;odkY tvif;a&mif0ifvmonfudk awGUvkduf&\/
owd&onfhtcsdefwdkif; vifh[lcsKH;onf ydef;ydwfatmifarSmifaeaom tarSmifxkBuD;twGif;om aecJh&ojzifh
tvif;a&mifudk tvGefawmifhwrdonf/ ,ckawmh tvif;a&mifudkawGUvdkuf&ojzifh ol\0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf
yHkudk pmzGJY rjyEkdifatmif &Sdawmhonf/
xkdtvif;a&mifrSm 6 vufr ywfvnfcefY&Sdaom taygufuav;rS 0ifa&mufvmaom tvif;a&mifaywnf;/
,ckrS rdrd\ ywfywfvnfudk taotcsm pl;prf;avhvmEkdifawmhonf/
tvkd vufpowfawmh rdrd\tcef;rSm q&mBuD;vif;&Sif\tcef;rsKd;aywum;/ ywfywfvnf 10 aycefY&SdNyD;
wHcg;wGif 6 vufrywfvnfcefY taygufi,fwpfaygufom azmufxm;onf/ wpfpHkwpfa,muf a&muf&Sdvm
vQif xdktaygufrSom pum;ajymayvdrhfrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u atmfjyefonf/
a[haumifawG ... ighudk jyefvTwfprf;/ a[h ... 0rfcsKH; ... a[;ayusd/ rif;wkdY[m ajracG;vdk aumufuspf
,kwfrmwJh aumifawGyJ/ ighukdjyefvTwf/ rif;wkdY ESif;qDa*[mwpfcv
k Hk;eJY igwpfa,mufwnf; csr,f/ owd&Sd&if
vTwfprf;/ acG;aumifawG/ a,mufsm;ryDowJh aumifawG/ ol&Jabmenf;wJh aumifawG/
olMum;vdkuf&aomajcoHonf tcef;a&SUwGif &yfoGm;\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwf&Sdvuf&Sd atmfqJjyefonf/
tarSmifBuD;xJwGif wpfa,mufwnf; xdwfvefYpGm atmf[pfcJhaomfvnf; &efol olYa&SUa&mufvmNyD[k
owd&vmaomtcg a'gotrsuf ajcmif;ajcmif;xGufvmonf/ &efoltm; rnfonfhtcgrQ 'l;axmuftnHhcHrnf
r[kwfacs/ xkdpOf 6 vufr taygufrS opfom;ysOfcsyf&Snfwpfck wkd;0ifvmonf/ xkdopfom;jym;ay:wGif
xrif;yef;uefESifh [if;cGufrsm; wifxm;onf/ olpm;aomuf&eftwGuf vmydkYay;jcif; jzpfayvdrhfrnf/
tpm;taomufrsm;udk awGU&aomtcg vif[
h lcsKH;rSm a'gotBuD;tus,f aygufuGJawmh\/ olYpdwx
f JrSm
'DaumifawGu ighudk 'Dvdkxrif;awG[if;awG vmay;yHkaxmuf&if 'DrSm ESpf&Snfvrsm; ighudk ydwfavSmif
xm;r,fqdkwJh oabmaygh [k awG;vdkufrdonfwGif csufcsif; atmf[pfqJqdkawmhonf/
acG;aumifawG ... ighudk owfcsifowfvdkuf/ 'Dvdkawmh nif;qJrxm;eJYuG/ acG;aumifawG
atmf&if;[pf&if; vifh[lcsKH;onf yef;uefrsm;udk dkufcGJvTifhypfvdkufawmhonf/ xdktcg opfom;jym;BuD;onf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
643
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tjyifodkY jyefqkwfoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;onf taygufem;okdY wdk;uyfoGm;NyD; tjyifodkY vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/

tzkd;BuD;wpfa,muf rD;tdrfudkudkif xGufcGmoGm;onfudk jrifvdkuf&ojzifh taygufrS toHukef atmfvdkuf\/
a[h ... 0rfcsKH;qdkwJh acG;BuD;udk ac:cJhprf;/ 'DacG;om;awGeJY olaoudk,fao csr,f/ ac:cJhprf;/
igac:aew,fvkYd ajymvdkufprf;
ol rnfrQyifatmf[pfapumrl tzkd;BuD;u tenf;i,frQ *krpdkufacs/ wpfcsufuav;rQyif vSnhfrMunhfcJh/
wjznf;jznf;a0;oGm;um aemufqHk;tvif;a&mifyg aysmufoGm;awmh\/ ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk;udk tarSmifxk
BuD;u 0g;rsKdoGm;jyefawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u ukwifay:wGif vJavsmif;vdkufonf/ NyD;aemuf acgif;at;at;
xm; pOf;pm;vdkuf\/
'Dvlu xrif;ydkYwJhvlyJjzpfr,f/ tck pum;wpfcGef;rSawmif rajymbl;/ olvkyfp&m&Sdwmudkom vkyfoGm;
w,f/ {uE 0rfcsKH;wdkYu tusOf;om;eJY pum;rajymzdkY 'DvlYudk wm;jrpfxm;wm jzpf&r,f
olY pOf;pm;awG;awmonfhtvkyfrSv
GJ rnfonfhtvkyfrQ r&Sdojzihf quf pOf;pm;aerdonf/
'Dtcef;u q&mBuD;vif;&Sif&JU tcef;eJY yHkpHtwlwlyJ/ 'gudkMunfhwmeJY ESif;qDa*[mBuD;rSm 'Dvdk
ajratmufcef;awG trsm;BuD; aqmufxm;yHk&w,f/ 'Dajratmufcef;awGrSm tifrweftqifhjrifhwJh odkif;ynm&Sif
awGudk zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;wm jzpf&r,f/ ighzmom wpfa,mufwnf;awmh vGwfatmif ajy;EkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/
q&mBuD; vif;&SifeJY qufoG,fNyD;rS vGwfajrmufatmif BudK;pm;&rSmyJ}}
csufcsif;yif ukwifay:rSxxkdifum ab;eH&Hrsm;udkacgufMunfhvkdufonf/ eH&HrSm tvGefxlxJvSaMumif; awGU
vdkuf&\/ ab;ywfvnf&Sd eH&Htm;vHk;udkacgufMunfh&m xdkenf;wlomjzpfaeonf/ pdwfysufvufysufjzifh eH&Hukd
ausmrSD xdkifcsvdkufNyD; tjzpftysufrsm;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;Munfhvdkufonf/
rdrdrSm q&mBuD; vif;&SifESifh wkdufcdkufae&if;rS q&mBuD; vif;&Sifu kwfw&uf avcRefvdkuf&m owdarhoGm;
onf/ rdrdukd awmifykdif;&Jav;azmfu rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh zrf;csKyfxm;&onfukrd l rnfokdYrQ pOf;pm;r&acs/
olYpdwfxJwGif
'Dvl 4 a,mufudk igu vlaumif;awGvdkY xifcJhrdw,f/ tpfudkBuD; &SefY0efYxif;uawmh tifrwef
yg;eyfwJhvlrdkY 'DvlawGudk vl,kwfrmawGrSef; odyHk&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ightwGufpdk;&drfNyD; txyfxyf owday;aewm
yJ/ tckrS ausmcsrS "g;jyrSef; odawmhw,f/ [k awG;vdkufrd\/
xdkodkYawG;&if;rS kwfw&uf [m ueJ atmfvkdufrdawmh\/ olY&ifxJ wxdwfxdwfckefvmonf/
tpfudkBuD; &SefY0efYxif;a&m/ olvnf; ighvdkyJ cHvdkuf&NyDvm; rodbl;
olu qufpOf;pm;vdkufonf/
tif; ... igxifovdkawmh jzpfrSmr[kwfygbl;av/ tpfudkBuD;uawmh yg;eyfygw,f/ 'Daumif 4 aumif
taMumif; tapmBuD;uwnf;u odxm;wJhvlyJ/ 'DaumifawG&JUaxmifacsmufudkawmh aumif;aumif;odrSmyg/
'DaumifawG&JUvufcsufeJY igtzrf;cHxm;&rSef;odoGm;&if csufcsif; ighudk vmu,frSmyJ/ tpfudkBuD; tvmudkyJ
pdwf&Snf&SnfeJY apmifh&awmhrSmyJ
&SefY0efYxif;taMumif; pOf;pm;vkdufrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm tm;wufvmawmhonf/ xdktcgusrS &,fEkdifjyHK;Ekdif
jzpfvmonf/ olYzmom wpfudk,fwnf; a&Gwfaerdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;uawmh wu,fyJ toHk;ruswJhaumifyJ/ apmapmwkef;uawmh aMumufNyD; idkBuD;csufr
jzpfcsifaew,f/ wu,fvkdYrsm; vlrsm;awG 'DtaMumif;udk odoGm;&if rif;rsufESmudk b,foGm;xm;awmhrvJ
pdwfat;oGm;aomtcgrS qmavmif&rSef;odvmawmh\/ odkYaomf pm;p&mr&Sdawmh/ olYpdwfxJwGif
awmufacguf vkdufrdonf/
awmuf ... apmapmu [kdxrif;yef;uefawG [if;yef;uefawGudk dkufcGJypfvkdufwm awmfawmfrSm;oGm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
644
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
w,f/ ighudk,fig tm;arG;xm;&rSm/ 'grS tpfudkBuD;u ighudkvmu,f&if [dkacG; 4 aumifudk aumif;aumif;

wkdufcdkufEkdifrSmaygh/ tif; ... [kwfw,f/ q&mBuD; vif;&Sif ajymwmrSefw,f/ 'DaumifawG[m awmifydkif; &J 4
azmf r[kwfbl;/ awmifykdif; acG; 4 aumif/ 'DacG; 4 aumifxJrSm a[;ayusdqkdwJh acG;u taumufuspfqHk;?
mPf trsm;qHk;yJ/ igvGwfoGm;&if 'Daumifhudk t&ifqHk; owfr,f
twefMumrS tcsufwpfcsufudk pOf;pm;rdvmonf/
[m ... igawG;aewmawG r[kwfao;bl;/ tckxufxdawmif tpfudkBuD;&SefY0efYxif;u ighudkvmru,fao;
bl;/ igarhaewm b,favmufMumNyDvJqdkwmawmif igodwmr[kwfbl;/ tpfudkBuD;&JU okdif;ynmeJYomqkd&if
'DacG; 4 aumifukd wpfa,mufcsif; tomav;wkdufcdkufEkdifw,f/ 'gayr,fh 4 a,mufeJY wpfa,muf wkduf&if
awmh tpfudkBuD;tzdkY odyfrvG,fbl;/ olwkdY 4 a,muf pvHk;ukd Ekdifw,fyJxm;OD;awmh/ 'Dajratmufcef;udk tpfudk
BuD; b,fvdk&SmEdkifrvJ/ 'gu ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ/ ajratmufcef;udk &SmrawGUyJeJY ighudk b,fvdku,fEkdifrvJ/ ajr
atmufcef;udk awGU&ifawmifrS [dk 4 aumifqu
D aomh 4 acsmif;&rS ighudku,fEkdifrSm
wpfarQmfwpfac: pOf;pm;awG;awmvdkufNyD; vifh[lcsKH; tdyfaysmfoGm;jyefawmh\/ jyefEdk;vmonfhtcsdefwGif
vnf; rnf;arSmifaeonfh ywf0ef;usifudkom awGU&onf/ aeYa&mufNyDvm;? na&mufaeonfvm; rnfodkrQ
rodEdkifyJjzpfaeonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif
tif; ... igwpfa,mufwnf;awmh 'Dajratmufcef;xJuae xGufajy;EdkifzdkY odyfrvG,fbl;/ ... tif; ...
vif;vif;om ...
kwfw&uf vif;vif;udk owd&vdkufonf/ olYtay: apwem xm;vSaom vif;vif;? olYa&m*ga0'emrsm;
vHk;0 aysmufuif;apcsifonfh vif;vif;? csufcsif;yif pdwftm;wuf<uvmjyD; udk,u
f dk rwfrwfxkdifvdkufr\
d /
vif;vif;u odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;u atmufvrf;*kdPf;om;awGudk owif;vTifhxm;NyD;NyD/ 'gu olrsm;awG
tay: xkwfxm;wJhtrdefYyg/ ig'kua&mufaerSef;od&ifawmh ighudk oludk,fwkdif vmu,frSmyJ/ olu tpfudkBuD;
&SefY0efYxif;avmuf odkif;ynmpGrf;&nfrSm raumif;ayr,fh aemufvdkuftiftm;uawmh wu,frsm;w,f/ olYpum;
wpfcGef;yJ/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;ESifhywfoufNyD; a&mufwwf&m&m avQmufawG;&if;u &,fcsifpdwfaygufvmrdawmh\/
tif; ... 'Daumifrav;u odyf&Sufwwfwmudk;/ olrsm;&JU tajymtqdkcH&rSmudkvnf; odyfaMumufwwf
w,f/ 'Dawmh olighudkvmu,f&if taygif;tazmfawGeJYawmh vmu,frSmr[kwfbl;/ wpfa,mufwnf; vmu,f
rSmyJ/ wu,fvdkY olwpfa,mufwnf; ighudk vmu,fw,fqdkwmrsm; vlawGodoGm;Mu&ifawmh &SufNyD;awmh
aorsm; aooGm;rvm;awmif rodEdkifbl;/ rdef;uav;awG&JUpdwfxm;u awmfawmfav; cefYrSef;&cufwmyJav/
olvnf; nDrav; vdefvdefvdkyJ
xkdYaemuf ol\*dkPf;wlnDrav; vdefvdefYudk owd&oGm;jyefawmh\/ vdefvdefYudk owd&rdvQif&rdjcif; &ifxJ
eifhueJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/ ol\ ESvHk;om;tm; cGaJ csvdkufonfh rdef;uav;ayyJudk;/ olYpdwfxJwGif
nDrav;vdefvdefawmh tckavmufqkd vifrdefusufeJY vufxyfNyD;avmufa&maygh/ igu 'DajratmuftcsKyf
cef;xJuae vGwfawmhvnf; ightwGuf bmvkyfp&m&SdawmhrSmvJ/ ighb0&JUarQmfvihfcsufu bm&SdawmhrSmvJ/
'DxJrSmyJ wpfoufvHk; aeoGm;wm aumif;ygw,fav
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfrsm;rSm MuufOta&mif wdrfawmifozG,f trsKd;rsKd;ajymif;vJaeonf/ tqkd;qHk;tajctae
tjzpf pdwfudk 'kH;'kH;csvdkufaomtcgrS olYpdwfrsm ayghyg;oGm;jyefawmh\/ xkdYaemuf ukwifay: vJavsmif;vkduf
jyefonf/ olYtawG;xJwGif xifayg\rsufESm? tHhzG,f 6 a,mufwkdY\ rsufESmrsm;ESifh r,foDv&ifuav;
&DvifwkdY\ rsufESmrsm;udk jrifa,mifvmjyefonf/ xdkvlrsm;udk awG;rdaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmvnf;
tNyHK;&dyfrsm; ay:vmonf/ tMuifemvTrf;aom tNyHK;&dyfrsm;yif jzpfawmhonf/
tif; ... nDrav; &Dvifuawmh pdwfxm;El;nHhoavmuf oabmxm;vnf;jzLpifwmyJudk;/ oltck
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
645
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
b,fvkdaeovJrodbl;/ ig'DrSm tzrf;cHae&w,f qdkwmudkom &DvifodoGm;&ifawmh odyfpdwfyl&SmrSmyJ/

olYq&mrBuD;uawmh ighq&m&JU pmudk&xm;awmh ighudku,fzdkY oabmwlrSm r[kwfavmufbl;/ 'gayr,fh
oluawmh olYtaz ykusufbkef;BuD;qDrSm tultnDawmif;NyD; ighudk vmu,frSmyJ
ykusufbkef;BuD;taMumif; awG;rdaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tm;wufvmjyefonf/
tif; ... jzpfEdkifw,f/ ykusufbkef;BuD;&JUtwGif;tm;u odyfaumif;wm/ olu,f&if jzpfEkdifw,f/ &Dvif[m
olYtaz ykusufbkef;BuD;qDu tultnDr&bl;qdk&ifawmif [dktHhzG,f 6 a,mufqDrSm oGm;tultnDawmif;rSmyJ/
'DvlawGom wpfNydKifwnf; wpfcsdefwnf; vmu,f&if odyf&,fp&maumif;rSmyJ/ [if; ... odyfawmh rvG,fygbl;
av/ ykusufbkef;BuD;a&m? [dk tHhzG,f 6 a,mufa&m l;aygaygeJY bmrStvkyfjzpfrSm r[kwfygbl;/ olwkdYvm&if
zGwfoxufnpfoGm;rSm pdk;&w,f
tHhzG,f 6 a,mufwkdYu tcsif;csif; uyfwD;uyfzJhpum;rsm;ajym &efjzpfwwfyHkudkpOf;pm;rdaomtcg
vifh[lcsKH;rSm [uf[ufyufyuf &,frdjyefawmh\/ okdYjzihf ol\tawG;rsm; [dka&mufonfa&mufjzpfvsuf
a&mufwwf&m&m avQmufawG;&if; rsufcGHrsm; av;oxufav;vmum aemufqHk; tdyfaysmfoGm;avawmh\/
olae&onfhtcef;rSm vHk;0ydef;ydwfatmifarSmifaeaom tcef;jzpf tcsdefudk vHk;0rodEdkifay/ aemufwpfBudrf
tvif;a&mifjrif&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefyif 0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;awmh\/ xrif;ydkYol vmacsNyD/ olu
xrif;ESifh [if;cGufrsm;udk vdkvdkvm;vm; vSrf;,lvdkufonf/ tzdk;BuD;url xrif;ESifh [if;cGufrsm; ay;NyD;onfESifh
jyefvSnfhxGufoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; atmf[pfwm;jrpfvkdufonf/
a[; ... a[; ... cPaeygOD;/ usLyfcifAsm;udk ar;p&m&SdvdkYyg
odkYaomf tzdk;BuD;u vifh[lcsKH;\pum;udk vHk;0*krpkduf/ oGm;NrJoGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm a'go
wBuD;jzifh atmf[pfqJqkdjyefonf/ tm;&yg;& atmf[pfqJqkdvdkufNyD;rS xrif;[if;rsm;udk pm;aomufvdkuf\/
okdYjzifh &ufowygwf wpfygwf ausmfvGev
f mcJhawmh\/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
646
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
647
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
648
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
649
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650
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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651
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odkY xkd;oGif;ay;vdkufonfh xrif;[if;rsm;udk tm;&yg;& pm;aomufavawmhonf/ NyD;onfESifh ukwifay:odkY
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onfh Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk jyefvnfcHpm;ae&avNyD/
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prf;oyfvdkpdwf ay:vmojzifh vufxJwGifukdifxm;aom ausmufa&cGuu
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ausmufom; tptersm;udkMunfh&if; vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdwfvefYoGm;awmhonf/ odkYaomf ua,mifuwef;jzifh
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usvmawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYvufudkol jyefjzefYMunfh&if; ausmufkyfBuD;wpfkyftvm; ai;aMumifaerd
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
652
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awmhonf/
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rxifbl;
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vufacsmif;rsm; rQ tm;&Sdvdrhfrnfrxif ai;aMumifae&m a[;ayusdwpfa,muf wHcg;0odkYa&mufaerSef;yif
rodvdkufawmhacs/ a[;ayusdu
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tomuav; wpfcsufnpfvkdufkHeJY ausmufzefcGufBuD;awmif trIefYjzpfoGm;w,fqdkawmh 'DvufeJYom &efoludk
wpfcsufavmuf npfvdkuf&&if ... [m; [m; [m;
vifh[lcsKH;u ,ckrS owdjyef0ifvm\/ olpY dwfxJwGif
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jrnfukefawmhrSmyJ [k awG;awmrdojzifh auseyftm;&pGm w[m;[m; &,farmrdawmhonf/
a[;ayusdu q&mBuD;&JUtoHudk Mum;&wm odyfaysmfaeyHk&w,f/ uRefawmfhudk wynfhtjzpfvufcHzdkY
oabm wlvdkufNyDvm; q&mBuD;
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avhusifhvu
kd f&ao;w,f/ b,favmufaMumufp&m aumif;aeNyDvJ/ 'DukwifoHjym;rSm a&;xm;wJhodkif;ynmu
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wufwuf <u<u jzpfvm&ifawmh rif;udk enf;enf;yg;yg; poifay;r,f/ 'gayr,fh rif;pdwfawmh&Snf&r,f/
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roifcdkif;&Jacs/ xdkYaMumifh uref;uwef; ajymvdkufonf/
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653
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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usefaomtcgrS vifh[lcsKH;u xdkif&if; pOf;pm;aerd\/
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vdkufwmeJY 'Davmuf tusKd;xl;udk &aeNyD/ wu,fvdkY wpfvavmufrsm; avhusifhvdkuf&if ...
xkdtawG;aygufvmonfhtcg xckefrdawmh\/
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odkYaomf ol\ 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfrrI Sm wpf'*FtwGif; MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;jyefonf/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf pdwfysufavmufonfh tawG;wpfckudk awG;vkdufrdaomaMumihfaywnf;/
wu,fwrf; 'Dodkif;ynm 'Davmufaumif;aew,fqkd&if q&mBuD;vif;&Sifu bmaMumifh xGufrajy;Ekdif&
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654
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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'DaumifawG a[monfpmvHk;awGudk rawGUatmif igwpfaMumif;usifhNyD;wmeJY wpfaMumif; zsufypfvu
kd fr,f
xdkYaMumifh wpfaeYwmavhusifhNyD;pD;oGm;aomtcg pmvHk; 15 vHk;cefYudk oHuGif;jzifh yGwfwdkufzsufypfvkduf
onf/ xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;u tem;,l&if; a[;ayusd a&muftvmudk apmifhqdkif;aevdkufonf/ odkYaomf
a[;ayusd a&mufrvmacs/
vifh[lcsKH;u a[;ayusdudk rapmifhawmhyJ odkif;ynmudkom oJoJrJrJ qufvuf avhusifhjyefawmh\/ ol\
wkd;wufrIum; 'Da&tvm; vsifjrefvSayonf/
aemufwpf&ufwiG fvnf; a[;ayusd a&mufrvmcJhay/ a&mufrvmojzifh olYpdwfxJwGifrnfodkYrQ
taESmifht,Suf rjzpfrd/ rdrd\odkif;tm; vGefpGm wdk;wufjrihfrm;vmonfudkom yDwdjzpf auseyfaerdawmh\/
olYtaejzihf tHhzG,f 6 a,mufESifh ykusuf bkef;awmfBuD;wkdY\ twGif;tm;vIdif;rsm;udk ajcvufESifh tjcm;
cEmudk,ftESt
YH jym;odkY jzefYxm; EkdifcJhavNyD/
odkYjzifh wpfvausmfrQ tcsdefMumvmaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf ukwifay:rS pmvHk;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk
zsufqD;ypfEkdifch\
J / aemufxyfwpfvcefY xyfrHukefqHk;oGm;jyefaomtcgwGifrlum; zsufp&m pmvHk; wpfvHk;
wpfavrQ rusefawmhacs/ pmvHk;tm;vHk; ukefoGm;avNyD/ olYtaejzihfrl tqufrjywfavhusifhaeojzifh
okdif;tm;rSm tqrwef wkd;wufvmawmh\/
&moDOwk wjznf;jznf; tyl"gwfavsmhenf;vmonfudk vifh[lcsKH; cHpm;od&Sdvmrd\/ tjyifavmu
wpf&moD ajymif;vJoGm;avNyD[k a&mf&rf;rSef;qaerdonf/ xkdpOfrSmyif tjyifzuf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS ajcoHudk
Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ a[;ayusd\ ajcoHjzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;aumif;BuD; rSwfrdaeonf/
twefMumrS ajcoHonf wHcg;0em;odkY a&muf&Sdvmonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf olYvufrSoHuGif;ESifh ajcaxmuf
yl;cwfxm;onfh oHajcusif; udk qGJjzKwfxm;vdkuf\/
a[;ayusdu wHcg;tjyifzufrSae
q&mBuD; ... pdwfr&SdygeJYaemf/ 'D 2 vtwGif;rSm tpfudkBuD;u wpfcsufrS tjyifrxGufbl;/ uRefawmfhrSm
tawmfhudk 'kua&mufaew,f/ q&mBuD;udk t&ufeJY Muufom; vmydkYr,fvdkY uwday;xm;cJhw,f r[kwfvm;/
aeYwkdif; q&mBuD;udk owd&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tpfudkBuD;&Sdaeawmh b,fvdkrS ydkYvdkYr&bl;/ q&mBuD;
pdwfrqkd;ygeJYaemf
xkdtcsdefwGif t&ufESifh MuufaMumfeHYarT;arT;udk IIdufrdNyDjzpfaeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm oGm;&nf,dkvsuf
&SdaeavNyD/ olu a[h ... tydkawG ajymraeeJY/ t&ufeJY Muufom;aMumfudkom txJoGif;vkdufprf; ...
igt&ifqHk; pm;aomufNyD;rS rif;eJY qufNyD; pum;ajymr,f
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
655
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a[;ayusdu [kwf ... [kwfuJh q&mBuD; ... q&mBuD;u uRefawmfhudk odkif;ynm oifay;awmhrSmayghaemf
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfr&SnfaomtoHjzifh atmfaigufajymqkdvkduf\/
a[haumif ... rif; 'Dudkvm&if ightzdkY t&uf 3 tkd;eJY MuufaMumfwpfaumif ,lvmcJh/ igu rif;udk
'Dokdif;ynm&JU vsKdU0Sufavhusifhenf; 4 cGef; oifay;r,f/ tJonfvdkoifoGm;&if igu t&uftdk; 3 axmifeJY
Muuftaumif aygif; 1 axmifavmuf pm;NyD;wJhtcg rif; 'Dokdif;ynmudk wwfNyD
a[;ayusdu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh t&uftdk;ESifh MuufaMumfudk opfom;jym;&Snfay:wGif wifNyD; tcef;xJ
ydkYvdkuf\/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; acgif;razmfyJ tm;&yg;& pm;aomufvkdufawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;
pm;aomufNyD;aomtcgrS oloGif;xm;onfh opfom;jym;&Snfudk jyefvnfxkwf,l kyfodrf;vdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf
tayguf0rS&yfum twGif;odkY vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
q&mBuD; ... uRefawmfhudk poifay;awmhrvm;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pm;0NyDjzpfojzihf a[;ayusdESifhywfoufNyD; pdwful;wpfrsKd; ajymif;oGm;jyefonf/ olu
a[;ayusdtm; rnfuJhokdY aumif;aumif; ESdyfpuf&rnfudk tBuHxkwfaerdonf/ olu
aumif;NyD/ rif;udk igtckyJpoifr,f/ 'DrSm ighvuf0g; 2 zufudk Munfhprf;/ aoaocsmcsmMunfh/ vuf0g;
2 zufu tckvdk taetxm;rsKd; &Sd&r,f
ajymajymqkdqdkjzifh olYvuf0g; 2 zufudk vkyfjyvdkufonf/ a[;ayusduvnf; vifh[lcsKH; vkyfjyonfhtwkdif;
olYvuf0g; 2 zufudk vdkufvkyfvkduf\/
rif; vuf0g; 2 zuf&JU taetxm;udk igvHk;0rjrif&bl;/ 'Dawmh yHkpHrSefovm; rSm;ovm; igb,fhES,f
odawmhrvJ
wGif a[;ayusdu 6 vufr ywfvnf&Sdaom wHcg;aygufrSae ol\vuf 2 zufudk qGJoGif;um
vifh[lcsKH; jyonfhyHkpHtwkdif; vkyfjyvdkufonf/ xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&ufckefxGufvdkufNyD; a[;ayusd\
vufudk zrf;qkyfukid fqGJvkduf\/
a[;ayusdonf olwkdYnDaemif 4 azmfwGif OmPftxufqHk; jzpfonfomru tyg;eyfqHk;vnf;jzpfonf/
odkYaomf ,ckwpfBudrfwGifum; olYtaejzihf odkif;ynmudk tvGefw&mwwfvo
dk nfu wpfaMumif;? vifh[lcsKH;\
ajcvufrsm;udk oHBudK;? oHuGif;? ajcusOf;rsm;ESifh cwfxm;ojzihf uJhokdY tayguf0odkY ckefxGufra&muf&dES kdif[k
,HkMunf,lqxm;wpfaMumif;/ xkdYaMumifhol\vuf 2 zufudk txJokdY xkd;oGif;jyvdkufrd&mrS ,ckuJhokdY tidkuf
rdoGm;jcif; jzpfavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; ,ckuJhodkY tay:pD;&Ekdifrnfh tajctaersKd;udk vHk;0arQmfvifhcJhonf r[kwfay/ tajc
tae ay:aygufvm&ef BudKwifpOf;pm; jyifqifxm;jcif;vnf; r[kwfay/ a[;ayusdwpfa,muf pdwfnpfoGm;
atmif trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzkH vkyfcdkif;rnf[kom pOf;pm;BuHpnfxm;jcif; &SdcJh\/ ,ckawmh rarQmfvifhaom tajctae
wpf&yfonf olYtwGuf taumif;qHk; ay:aygufcJhavNyD/
tcGifhtcgray;vQif pGrf;&nfonf t&mra&mufEkdif[laom pum;wpf&yf &SdcJhonfr[kwfygavm/ aemufydkif;
tajc taersm;wGif vifh[lcsKH;rSm uHqkd;rdk;arSmifusaom jzpf&yftaxGaxGESifhom MuHKawGUcJh&NyD; aemufqHk;wGif
ajratmuftusOf;om; jzpfcJh&awmhonf/ ,cktjzpftysufonf vifh[lcsKH;\ Zmwmpef;v*f wufvmonfh
jzpf&yfrsm;twGuf tBudKed'gef;wpf&yf jzpfonfvm;awmh rqkdEkdifay/
a[;ayusdu aMumufvefYwMum; kef;uefvdkufonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\ vuf 2 zufonf oHuGif;
xufyif rmausmoefrmaeojzifh ol\kef;uefrIrsm;rSm tcsnf;ESD; jzpfaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ zspfnpf
qkyfudkifrIaMumifh a[;ayusd\ vufaumuf0wftdk;rsm;yif wzspfzspf jrnfvmacsNyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
656
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[l&mwHqdyfjym;
xdktcdkufrSmyif a[;ayusdonf tdk;wzspfzspfjrnfonfxuf aMumufGHUxdwv
f efYzG,f&m tjzpftysuf
wpfckudk awGU&avawmh\/ rdrd\ vufaumuf0wftaMumrsm;rS twGif;tm;rsm;onf wpdrfhpdrfhjzifh vifh[lcsKH;
xHodkY pD;xGufaeonfudk odvdkuf&jcif;aywnf;/ odkY jzpf&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk pOf;pm;rdvdkufonfESifh
a[;ayusd onf vdyfjymvGifhxGufvkrwwf jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ olu &Sdcdk;OD;wifawmif;yefaomavoHjzifh
q&mBuD; ... q&mBuD;
um; a[;ayusd\ xyfqifhtrSm;yifwnf;/ olYtaejzihf ,cktcsdefwGif a&iHkEIwfydwfaejcif;onfom
taumif;qHk;jzpf\/ pum;ajymvdkufonfESifh olYudk,fwGif;rS twGif;tm;rsm;onf ykd pD;xGufoGm;Muawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh olu pum;udk qufrajymawmhyJ csufcsif; yg;pyfjyefydwfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf ol\twGif;tm;rsm;url
vifh[lcsKH;\udk,fxJokdY pD;xGufaeqJjzpf\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm oHjym;ay:rS twGif;tm;odkif;ynmudk avhusifhNyD;aemufwGif ol\csufatmuftaMum
twGif;tm;vHk;0r&Sdawmhacs/ vHk;0 Avmewd jzpfae\/ ,ckuJhodkY a[;ayusd\vufudk qkyfudkifzrf;qGx
J m;onfh
tcsdefwGif ol\csufatmufodkY twGif;tm;vdIif;rsm; pdrfh0ifvmonfudk owdxm;vdkufrdawmh\/ a[;ayusd\
vuf 2 zuf onf wqwfqwfwkefae\/ tvGefw&m aMumufGHUwkefvIyfaeaMumif; odomxif&Sm;vSonf/
aemufzufokdY olYvufudk twif;qGJxkwfaeonfuvnf; ol\taMumufw&m;udk txift&Sm;jyoaeonf/
a[;ayusd\pdwfxJwGif vufudk tm;ukefxkwfum kyfodrf;NyD; cg;csdwfxm;aom "g;udk,l vifh[lcsKH;\
zrf;xm;aomvufudk ckwfjzwfypf&ef pdwful;NyD; ol\tm;udk ydkxkwfvdkufonf/ xdkodkY xkwfvdkufonfEiS fhtrQ
ol\twGif;tm;rsm;onf ydkydk ,dkpdrfhxGufvmum aemufqHk; rdkufueJjzpfoGm;NyD; arhajrmoGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u a[;ayusd\vufudk kwfw&ufzrf;qGJvdkufjcif;rSm Ncdrf;ajcmufkH Ncdrf;ajcmuf&efomjzpf\/
okdYaomf ,cktajctaeu wpfrsKd;ajymif;vJoGm;acsNyD/ a[;ayusd arhajrmoGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcg &,fcsifrd
awmh\/ xkdYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;u tBuHwpfck&um a[;ayusd\vufudk qGJukdifajrmuf,lvkduNf yD; cg;udk
prf;oyfvdkufonf/ "g;wpfacsmif; csdwfqJx
G m;onfudk awGU&ojzifh "g;udk qGJjzKwf,lvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf taygufi,fudk "g;jzifh ckwfcsJUvdkuf\/ "g;rSm aumif;vGef;vSojzifh taygufi,fonf
wjznf;jznf; ydkydk us,fvmavawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u olYacgif;udk tjyifodkYxkwfMunhfonf/
acgif;xGufEkdifonfudkawGU& aomtcg tvGef0rf;omoGm;awmhonf/ csufcsif;yif OD;acgif;udkxkwf? udk,fudkusKHU
xdktaygufrS wkd;xGufvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf tcsKyfcef;tjyifzufokYd xGufajrmufa&muf&SdvmavNyD/
tjyifodkY a&mufa&mufcsif; vifh[lcsKH;vkyfonfhtvkyfrSm a[;ayusd\ t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh rdrd\
t0wftpm;rsm; vJvS,f0wfqifjcif;aywnf;/ xkdudpNyD;vQifNyD;jcif; a[;ayusd\cEmudk,fudk xkdtaygufxJrSyif
twGif;odkY xkd;xnfhvdkuf\/ olvnf; xdktaygufrS twGif;odkY jyef0ifvdkuo
f nf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
657
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tcef;wGif;odkY a&mufaomtcg a[;ayusdudk ukwifay:wifvkdufonf/ vufudk oHuGif;rsm;jzihf

pGyfay;vdkuf\/ ajcaxmufukdvnf; oHajcusOf;rsm;jzifh xl;cwfvdkufonf/ xkdoHuGif;? oHajcusOf;rsm;udk
a[;ayusd\vufrsm;? ajcrsm;ESifh tHudkufjzpfap&ef twGif;tm;udkxkwfNyD;npfvdkufonf/ xkdtcg oHuGif;?
oHajcusOf;rsm;onf rdrd\ vufajcrsm; wyfqifxm;onfxuf ydk usOf;oGm;um a[;ayusdtm; aumif;pGm
csKyfaESmifrdoGm;awmhonf/
a[;ayusdrSm oHuGif;rsm;\csKyfaESmifrIaMumifh emusifvGef;vSojzifh arhajrmae&mrS jyefvnfowd&vmawmh
onf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf tm;&auseyfpGm w[m;[m;&,farm&if; a[;ayusdtm; ajymvdkufonf/
uJ ... igwkdY 2 a,muf ae&mcsif; vJMuwmayghuGm/ 'Dae&mu odyfrqkd;ygbl;/ aevdkYxdkifvdkY
aumif;ygw,f/ rif;taeeJY bmrSylp&mr&Sdygbl;/ pm;NyDtdyf? tdyfNyD;pm;yJ/ tzdk;BuD;uvnf; tjrJwrf;
xrif;rSefrSefydkYaerSmyJ/ tpm;taomuftwGufawmh vHk;0rylygeJY
a[;ayusdu avoHoJhoJhjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
q ... q&mMuD; ... q&mBuD; ... twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;
vifh[lcsKH;u bmawGajymaewmvJ/ bmtwGif;tm;pkyfodkif;vJ
a[;ayusdonf pum;qufajymaeaomfvnf; avoHvHk;0rxGufawmhay/ yg;pyfuom wvIyfvIyf
jzpfae\/ vifh[lcsKH;onf a[;ayusd\pum;xuf ol\vGwfajrmufa&;u t"dujzpfaeojzifh taygufrS
acgif;jyLxGufum ckefxGufvkdufawmh\/ tcef;tjyifodkYa&muf rwfwyf&yfvdkufaomtcg olYcsufatmuf
twGif;tm;rsm; pkjyHKa&muf&SdaeNyD; vGefpGm tae&txdkif& cufaeonfudk cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/
xdktwGif;tm;rsm;rSm a[;ayusdudk,fxJrS pkyf,lxm;aom twGif;tm;rsm;jzpfaMumif;udk vifh[lcsKH; rodacs/
olYpdwfxifrSm ukwifay:rS twGif;tm;odkif;ynmudk avhusihfpjzpfojzifh olYajcESihfvufrsm;okdY jzefYxm;onfh
tHhzG,f 6 a,mufESifh ykusufbkef;BuD;wkY\
d twGif;tm;rsm;u ol\csufatmufoYdk jyefvnfpkkH; a&muf&Sdvmjcif;
om jzpfonf[k xifrSwfaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u rD;tdrfudkukdifpGJ OrifwpfavQmuf xGufvmcJhonf/ olYtzdkY ydk tqifajyoGm;onfhtcsufrSm
OriftwGif; tqifhqifh&Sdaeaom wHcg;rsm; yGifhaejcif;aywnf;/ a[;ayusdonf vifh[lcsKH;qDodkYtvmwGif
tqifhqifhzGifhxm;cJhNyD; tjyefrSydwfrnf[k &nfG,f[efwl\/ xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;tzkdY wkdif;&ufonfh yuvm?
rdk; GmonfESifh tcefYoifh qdkouJhodkY tvGefvG,fulpGm xGufvmEkdifcJhawmh\/
aemufqHk; OrifvdkPfacgif;tqH;k odkY a&muf&Sdvmavawmh\/ olYOD;acgif;xufwGif oHjym;wpfcsyfudk
awGU&onf/ olu oHjym;em;odkYuyf taotcsm em;axmifMunfhonf/ rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&ojzifh
oHjym;udk atmufrS wGef;wifvdkuf\/ oHjym;yGifhoGm;aomtcg vsifjrefpGm ckefwufvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY
tjyifavmuodYk jyefvnfa&muf&SdvmacsjyD/
olu oHjym;udk tomt,mjyefydwfvdkufum ajcaxmufudkazmh tcef;xJrS avQmufxGufvdkufonf/ a&SUrS
tcef;onf 0rfcsKH;\tcef;jzpf[ef&Sdojzifh owdBuD;pGmxm;NyD; ajcoHvHkvHkjzifh avQmufvSrf;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf ol
tcef;tjyifzufa&mufonfESifh vlwpfa,muf\ at;pufaomtoHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&onf/
nDav; ... rif;wpfa,mufwnf; atmufqif;NyD; bmoGm;vkyfaewmvJ/ ajymprf;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvefYwMum;jzpfoGm;NyD; aemufzufokdYvSnfhMunfhvkduf&m 0rfcsKH;udk awGUvdkuf&\/ xkdpOfwGif
olY aemufausmzufrS vlrsm; ckef0ifvmoHukd Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh vSnfhMunfhvdkufjyef&m acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdY
2 a,mufu vufeufudk,fpDjzihf olYaemufrSydwfqdkYxm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&avawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm
a[;ayusd\ t0wftpm;rsm;udk 0wfqifxm;onfhtjyif acgif;pGyfBuD;udkyg pGyfxm;ojzifh olwdkYu vifh[lcsKH;[k
rxifyJ olwkdY\nDav; a[;ayusd[kom xifrSwfaeMujcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm kwfw&uf jzpfaeojzifh tenf;i,f xdwfvefYoGm;NyD;
usKyf ... usKyf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
658
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfcsKH;u bm usKyfvJ ... rif;&JUtrlt&mu rrSefuefbl;/ rif;rlysufaewmMumNyD/ ig aumif;aumif; tuJ

cwfrdw,f/ rif;u vif;&SifqDoGm;NyD; twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;udk oifay;cdkif;jyefNyDr[kwfvm;/ [dkwkef;u rif;
b,fvdkuwday;xm;ovJ/ rif;uwdudk rif;arhoGm;NyDvm;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rdrt
d aejzifh onftwkdif;quf [efaqmifoifhroifhudk pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ a[;ayusdtaejzifh
quf [efaqmifaevQif tajctae ydkqkd;vmawmhrnfudk &dyfpm;rdojzifh "g;udkxkwfum acghydtkef;udk vSrf;xkd;
vkdufavawmhonf/
acghydtkef;u a'gojzifh atmfvkdufonf/
tpfudku wu,fwkdufawmhr,fayghav
atmf&if;[pf&if;rS acghydtkef;u vufxJrSoHrPdpw
k fwHjzihf umuG,fvkdufonf/ odkYaomf olYumuG,fcsuf
onf tcsnf;ESD;jzpfoGm;\/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf vifh[lcsKH;u wu,fxkd;jcif;r[kwfyJ [efjyom xkd;vdkuf
jzpfonf/ acghydtkef;vIyf&Sm;vkdufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;u ol\"g;udkkyfodrf;um csufcsif;yif xGufajy;avawmh\/
0rfcsKH;wkdY 3 a,mufu taemufrS tajy;tvTm;vdkufvmMuonf/ odkYjzifh vifh[lcsKH;u {nfhcef;twGif;odkY
a&muf&Sdvmonf/ 0rfcsKH;u taemufrS vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/
a[;ayusd ... rif;b,fudk xGufajy;rvkdYvJ/ rajy;eJY ... ajy;vdkYvnf; rvGwb
f l;
vifh[lcsKH;onf rnfonhfpum;rQ wHkYjyefraeawmhyJ qufomajy;oGm;\/ xkdpOf ol\a&SUrS
vlwpfa,mufu kwfw&uf um&yfvdkufonfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/ xdkvl\ EIwfrSvnf;
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a[;ayusdudk igu ajratmufcef;xJrSm ydwfxm;cJhw,f/ 0rfcsKH;u 'DaumifxGufajy;aew,fvdkY
xifaew,f/ [if; [if; [if; ... 'DyGJuawmh wu,fMunfhaumif;r,fhyGJyJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
662
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfcsKH;u q&mBuD; ... a[;ayusdudk uRefawmf vHk;0rxdef;Ekdifawmhbl;/ 'Daumif rlysufaewm MumNyD/

tckqkd&if ydkawmifqkd;vmao;w,f/ t&ifueJY vHk;0rwlawmhbl;/ aemufNyD; 'D&ufawGrSm a*[mxJrSmvnf;
&Sdraebl;
vlxGm;BuD;u bm ... a*[mxJrSm r&Sdbl; ... [kwfvm;
olu 0rfcsKH;udk pl;pl;pdkufpkduf Munfhvdkufonf/ olYtMunhfonf 0rfcsKH;\wpfudk,fvHk;udk azmufxGif;oGm;
rvm; xifrSwf&\/
0rfcsKH; ... *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u rif;udk 'Da*[mrSm aeckdif;wm taysmfoufouf aecdki;f wmvm;
olYtoHonf vifh[lcsKH; ae&modkY a&mufpu Mum;vdkuf&onfh toHyrm at;pufrmausmvmjyefonf/
0rfcsKH;u cg;udk udkif;
taysmfr[kwfygbl;/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u wm0efwpfcktjzpf trdefYay;xm;vkdY w&m;cHudk apmifhMuyfxdef;odrf;
ae&wmyg [k jyefajzvdkuf\/
xdkvlMuD;u aumif;NyD/ tck rif;wkdY b,fvdk jzpfaewmvJ
0rfcsKH;u q&mBuD; cifAsm;/ uRefawmfwkdY[m q,fESpfvHk;vHk; 'Da*[mBuD;xJuae tjyifudk rxGufcJhMu
ygbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY&JU wm0efudk wpfuGufuav;rS rvpf[if;apcJh&ygbl;/
xkdvlBuD;u aumif;w,f/ odyfaumif;w,f/ wm0efudk rvpf[if;bl;qkdawmh [dkw&m;cHBuD;u ajratmuf
tcsKyfcef;xJrSm &Sdaeao;w,faygh/ rif;wkdYu aumif;aumif;BuD; apmifhMuyfxm;w,fqkdwJh oabmaygh/ [kwf&JU
vm;
0rfcsKH;u [kwfygw,f/ q&mBuD;
xdkvlBuD;u ol\kyfqkd;Murf;wrf;vSaom rsufESmBuD;udk wpfcsufrQ IHYrJhvdkufonf/ NyD;rS w[m;[m;
atmf&,f\/ olY&,foH oa&mfavSmifajymifjcif;ESifh a'goxGufjcif;wkdY a&maxG;,Sufwifjzpfae\/
twefMumrS aumif;NyD/ rif; apmifhMuyfaew,fqkdwJh w&m;cHBuD;udk ighqDac:cJhprf;ygOD;
0rfcsKH;u q&mBuD; ... *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u aoaocsmcsm rSmMum;cJhygw,f/ olYtrdefYr&yJeJY b,folYudkrS
w&m;cHBuD;udk ac:xkwfroGm;&bl;/ aemufNyD;awmh oluvGJ&if b,folu ac:xkwfcdkif;cdkif; ac:xkwfray;&bl;
wJh
xkdvlBuD;u kwfw&uf a'goxGufvm[efjzifh olY&ifywftwGif;rS ypnf;wpfckudk qGJxkwfvdkuf\/
csufcsif; rwfwyf&yfum xkdypnf;udk udkifajrmufjyvdkuf\/ xdktcg usefonfh 3 a,mufuvnf; uref;uwef;
rwfwyf x&yfvdkufMuonf/ xkdvlBuD;xkwf,lvdkufonfh ypnf;udk tdktaoay;Muonfhoabmyif jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdypnf;av;udk vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ rnf;eufaom opfom;jym;uav; wpfckjzpfNyD; tay:wGif
pmrsm; a&;xd;k xm;onf/ jrifkHESifh odomxif&Sm;pGmodEkdifaom opfeufom;jym;uav;yif/
0rfcsKH;wkdY 3 a,mufvHk; jydKifwlyif cg;udkTwf tdktaoay;vdkufMu\/ EIwfrSvnf; jydKifwlyif
ajymvdkufMuonf/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU r[l&mwHqdyfjym;ukd *g&0jyKygw,f
xdkpOf vlBuD;u uJ ... jrifNyDvm;/ tckcsufcsif; w&m;cHBuD;udk ac:xkwfvkdufprf;/ 'gu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU
trdefYyJ
0rfcsKH;wkdY nDtpfudk 3 a,mufrSm vHk;0 apm'urwufMuawmhay/ aMumufGHUdkusKd;pGmjzifh w&m;cHBuD;udk ac:
xkwf&ef xGucf GmoGm;Muawmh\/
rdef;rBuD;tygt0if vl 4 a,mufrSm ausmufkyfrsufESmrsm;jzifh xkdifcHkrsm;wGif NidrfoufpGmxkdifaeMu\/
olwdkY\ rsufESmrsm;wGif a'goxGufjcif; t&dyfta,mifrsm; vHk;0r&Sdawmh/ cHpm;csufr&Sdaom rsufESmrsm;tjzpfodkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
663
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csufcsif; ajymif;vJoGm;awmh\/ 0rfcsKH;wdkYtwGuf aorif;wrefrsm; jzpfaumif;jzpfEkdifayonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u

pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
'Dvl 4 a,mufu b,f*kdPf;uvJ rodbl;/ olwkdYu raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;u vlawGvm;/ raumif;qkd;0g;
*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfBuD; wHk;zef;ykqdk&if ESpfwpf&mtwGif; odkif;avmurSm tawmfqHk;? txufjrufq;Hk okdif;orm;
vkdY odkif;avmuom;awG ajymprSwfjyKMuw,f/ 'Dvl 4 a,mufu olYvufaxmuf q&mBuD;awGvm;rodbl;/ 'g
trsm;BuD;jzpfEkdifw,f/ 'gaMumifh 0rfcsKH;vdkvlawmifrS 'Davmuf aorvkd aMumufGHUaewmjzpfvdrfrh ,f/ [m ...
'gqkd&if 0rfcsKH;wkdYuvnf; raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;uyJaygh
xdkpOfrSmyif wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeaom tumv ntcgBuD;wGif atmfoHBuD;wpfckudk Mum;vkdufMu&awmh
\/ xkdatmfoH aMumufGHUjcif;? r,HkEkdifatmifjzpfjcif;? arQmfvifhcsufNydKuGJjcif; ponfhtcsufrsm; yg0ifaeaMumif;
vifh[lcsKH; odvdkufrd\/ onfhtjyif xkdodkY aMumufvefYwMum; atmfvdkufonfhtoH&SifrSm wef;csef; jzpfaMumif;
vnf; odvkdufrdonf/ vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf onfnDtpfudk 4 a,mufpvHk;\ toHrsm;udk aumif;pGmusufrdNyD;jzpf
ayonf/ wef;csef; atmfvdkufonfh taMumif;rSm w&m;cHBuD;tpm; a[;ayusdudk awGUvkduf&aomaMumihfom jzpf
ayvdrfhrnf/
xdkYaemufwGifawmh wzswfzswfajy;vmaom ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&NyD; 0rfcsKH;wdkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
vmMuonf/ acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdYu a[;ayusdudk wpfzufwpfcsufrS wGJxlvmMuonf/ a[;ayusdrSm
aysmhacGvsuf&Sd\/ ol\rsufESmrSm aoG;r&SdouJhodkY jzLa&mfvsuf&SdaeNyD; rsufpdrSmvnf; ta&miftqif;
uif;rJhaeonf/ ta&mifawmufyjcif; vHk;0r&Sdawmh/ emrusef;jzpfaeaom vlwpfa,mufESifh wlaeawmhonf/
0rfcsKH;u cg;wpfcsufudkif;um q ... q&mBuD;wkdY ... w ... w&m;cHBuD;awmh xGufajy;oGm;ygNyD/
uRefawmfwkdYrSm tjypf&SdaeygNyD/ 'DtwGuf ao'gPfudk cH,lyghr,f [k ajymMum;avawmhonf/
0rfcsKH;onf tpyxrom aMumufaMumufGHYGHUESifh xpfxpfaighaigh jzpfaeaomfvnf; aemufydkif;
wnfjidrfvm\/ ao&awmhrnfudk taotcsmodvm& jzpfonf/ igao&awmhrnf[k pdwf'Hk;'Hk;csvdkufol
wpfa,muftwGuf rnfonfht&murQ aMumufp&mr[kwfawmhacs/
xkdvlBuD;u at;pufaom avoHjzifh ar;vdku\
f /
a[;ayusdygvm;/ apmapmwkef;u a[;ayusd 'DrSmr&Sdbl;vkdY rif;yJajymw,f/ tckawmh a[;ayusdu
b,fu jyefa&mufvm&wmvJ
0rfcsKH;u q&mBuD;aygifwm; ... 'Dvdkjzpf&wJh ZmwfuGufudkawmh uRefawmfvnf; tckxufxd vHk;0
em;rvnfao;ygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY&JUaysmhuGufudkeif;NyD; w&m;cHudk cdk;xkwfoGm;w,fvdkY ,lq&wmygyJ
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif [if ... q&mBuD; vif;&Sifu xGufajy;oGm;NyDudk;/ olwkdYu bmaMumifh rodyJ
jzpfae&wmvJ [k awG;vdkufrd\/
xdktcg aygifwm;qkdaom vlBuD;u
igwkdYu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JUtrdefYt& 'DudkvmpHkprf;wm/ w&m;cHBuD; b,fudkxGufajy;oGm;w,fqkdwmudk
rif;wkdYu trSeftwkdif;ajymjyyg/ w&m;cHBuD;&JUajc&mudk rdEkdifzdkYta&;BuD;w,f/ rif;wdkYuom rSefrSefuefuef
ajymEkdif&if rif;wkYu
d kd oufoufnmnm pD&ifr,f
0rfcsKH;u oufjyif;csvkdufNyD;
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u uRefawmfwdkYudk oufoufnmnm pD&ifr,fqkdvJ tvum;ygyJ/ 'DavmufBuD;av;wJh ysuf
uGufrIBuD;jzpfaerSawmh 'DavmuxJrSm qufNyD;touf&SifaezdkY roifhawmhygbl;/ 'Davmuf *kPfoa&ysufaewJh
rsufESmBuD;eJY qufNyD;touf&SifaezdkYa&m oifhygawmhrvm;
0rfcsKH;u ol\pum;udk acw&yfwefYvdkuf\/ NyD;rS av;av;eufeuf qufajymonf/
'gayr,fh tckudp b,fvdkjzpfoGm;w,fqdkwm uRefawmfudk,fwikd f em;rvnfyJ jzpfaewmudkawmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
664
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rauseyfbl;/ q&mBuD;udk wpfckar;yg&ap/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk,fwkdif [efusL;NrdKUudka&mufaeNyDvm;

aygifwm;u *dkPf;csKyfBuD; [efusL;NrdKUudka&mufaeNyDvdkY rif;udk b,fou
l ajymovJ
0rfcsKH;u w&m;cHBuD;u raeYnurS xGufajy;oGm;wmyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u csufcsif;odEkdifw,fqkdawmh ...
aygifwm;u rsufESmBuD;IHUrJhum rif; bmawGavQmufajymaewmvJ/ w&m;cHBuD;u raeYnurS
xGufajy;w,fvdkY b,foluajymovJ/ ajymprf;ygOD;/ rif;l;aeovm;
0rfcsKH;u olu raeYnurS wu,fxGufajy;oGm;wmyJ/ tJonfwkef;u uRefawmfwkdYu olYudk a[;ayusdvdkY
xifaewm/ olu tifrwefvnfwmyJ/ a[;ayusdudk olYtpm; ajratmuftcsKyfcef;xJ xnfhxm;vdkufw,f/
aemufNyD;awmh a[;ayusd&JUt0wftpm;awGudk aumufvJNyD; acgif;pGyfBuD;vJpGyfxm;wmqkdawmh uRefawmfwkdYu
a[;ayusdyJ rSwfwmaygh/ olu xGufajy;&if; wif;usef;udkawmif wpfcsuf wkdufcdkufoGm;ao;w,f/ tJonfwpf
csufuvnf; wu,faMumufp&maumif;wmyJ/ eHdk; 10 acsmif;pvHk; usKd;oGm;w,f
aygifwm;u olYtazmf 3 a,muf&Sd&modkY rsufarSmifukwf&if; ajymvkdufonf/
'Daumif bmawGajymaewmvJ rodbl;
xkd 3 a,mufteufrS tvGef0zkdifhaom vlBuD;u
w&m;cHBuD; vGwfajrmufoGm;NyDqkdwJh owif;udk Mum;&wm 2 v&SdoGm;NyD
0rfcsKH;rSm tHhMoxdwfvefYrIaMumifh aemufodkY ajc 2 vSrf; qkwfoGm;rdawmh\/
'g ... 'guawmh b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEkdifbl;/ uRefawmfwkdY 3 a,mufpvHk; rsufjrifyJ/ aoaocsmcsmudk
awGUvkdufMu&wmyg/ raeYnurS xGufajy;oGm;wm/ uRefawmfwkdYudk bmjzpfvdkY rowfyJ csefcJhwmvJ rodbl;
0rfcsKH;u aemufzufodkYvSnfhNyD; atmfvkdufonf/
pD;vif .. wif;usef;udk ac:xkwfcJhprf;
aygifwm;onf rnfonfhpum;rQrqdkyJ a[;ayusdtem;odkY avQmufvmNyD; a[;ayusd\cEmudk,fudk
rMunhfvkdufonf/ ajcESifhvufrsm;rSm vHk;0awmifhwif;ckdifrmrItiftm; r&SdawmhyJ wGJavmif;BuD; jzpfaeawmh\/
olYwpfukd,fv;Hk tdk;vHk;0r&SdawmhouJhodkY jzpfaeonf/
[kwfw,f/ 'gu [dkaumifh twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;&JU vufcsufyJ
aygifwm;onf a[;ayusdudk ar;vdkufonf/
rif; b,fwkef;u olv
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a[;ayusdu uRef ... uRefawmf ... raeYnu cHvdkuf&wm/ ol ... olu uRef ... uRefawmfhvufudk zrf;qGJ
xm;wm/ ... uRef ... uRefawmf vHk;0rvIyf&Sm;Ekdifawmhbl;
aygifwm;\rsufESm em;rvnfjcif;? IyfaxG;jcif;wkdY ay:vmonf/
tif; ... ajymprf;ygOD;/ aemufaum ...
a[;ayusdu ol xrif;ydkYwJh taygufuav;xJu xGufvmwmyJ/ uRefawmfhudk tJonftaygufxJuaeyJ
txJukd xkd;oGif;w,f/ uRefawmfh tusawGeJY olYtusawGudk cRwfvJw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh oHuGif;awG
oHajcusOf;awGudk uRefawmhfvufrSm cwfxm;vdkufw,f/ NyD;wmeJY tJonftaygufxJuae tjyifudk at;at;
aq;aq; xGufoGm;wmyJ
aygifwm;u ydk rsufarSmifukwfoGm;onf/
raeYnu ... b,fhES,fvkyf raeYnu jzpfEkdifrSmvJ/ rif;ajymwmawG bmrS t"dyg,fr&Sdbl;
xdktcsdefwGif ydefydef&Snf&SnfvlBuD;u oHuGif;ESifh oHajcusOf;rsm;udk taotcsm MunfhIavhvmNyD; vufjzifh
axmufjyum ar;jref;vdkufonf/
'DoHuGif;awGrSm vTjzwf&mawG awGUae&w,f/ 'gawGu bmoabmvJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
665
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a[;ayusdu 'g ... 'gawmh uRefawmfvJ rodbl;

acghydtkef;u 0ifajymvdkufonf/
[kwfygw,f/ ajratmufrSmwkef;uwnf;u oHuGif;awGudk taotcsmvMunhfcJhw,f/ vTeJYjzwfxm;wJh
t&mawG awGUcJh&w,f/ 'DavmufxufwJhvTukd 'Daumif b,fuae &oGm;vJ rodbl;
xkdpOfrSmyif pD;vifh0ifvm\/ olYaemufwGif tdrfazmf 2 OD;u wif;usef;udk xrf;vmNyD; vlBuD; 4
a,muf\a&SUwGif csxm;ay;vdkufonf/ aygifwm;u wif;usef;\cEmukd,fay: vTrf;xm;aomapmifudk
z,fvdkufNyD; &ifywfudk vufESifhwpfcsufzd prf;oyfvdkuf&m wif;usef;xHrS pl;pl;0g;0g;atmfoHwpfcsuf
xGufvmawmh\/ aygifwm;u acgif;wpfcsufndwjf yvdkufNyD; jyefo,foGm;&ef vufjzifhtcsufjyvdkufonf/
pD;vifhonf tdraf zmf 2 a,muf udk OD;aqmifNyD; wif;usef;udk jyefvnfo,f,loGm;awmh\/
aygifwm;u tif; ... wif;usef;ukd wdkufvdkufwJhtm;u tawmfjyif;xefwmyJ/ [kdaumif&JU vufcsuf
qkdwmawmh aocsmw,f/ awmfkHwefkHvlu eHdk; 10 acsmif;vHk;usKd;oGm;atmif rwkdufEkdifbl;
xdktcg wpfcsdefvk;H pum;rajymyJ a&iHkEIwfydwfaeaom rdef;rBuD;u pum;ajymvmawmhonf/
aygifwm; ... [kdaumifu raeYnurS xGufajy;dk;rSef&if igwkdY&xm;wJhowif;u owif;rSm;BuD;
jzpfaeNyDaygh/ 'Daumifu tjyifrSm wrifoufouf owif;rSm;awG vTifhxkwfNyD; igwkdYudk pdwf"gwfajcmufjcm;
atmif vkyfaewmaygh/ 'Dvdkvkyfr,fqdk&if tjyifeJY tquftoG,f rkcs&Sd&vdrhfr,f
aygifwm;u acgif;udk cg,rf;vkdufjyefonf/
[ifhtif; ... owif;rSm; rjzpfEdkifbl;
xdkrdef;rBuD;u jyefar;vdkuf\/
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
aygifwm;u igwkdY toif;cGJacgif;aqmif zd&Srf;&JUodkif;ynmu wu,fhudkxufjrufwm/ olY&JU cEmudk,fudk
"g;vufeuf? vSHvufeufavmufeJYawmif b,fvdkrS xkd;raygufEkdifbl;/ tckawmh olY&ifywfudk 'Dvlu vufig;
acsmif;eJYxkd;pdkuNf yD; owfoGm;w,f/ b,folu 'DvdkvkyfEdik frvJ/ vif;&SifqkdwJhaumifuvGJ&if b,foljzpfEkdifOD;
rSmvJ/ 'gaMumifh owif;rSm;r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymwmaygh
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwf0ifpm;pGmjzifh em;axmifaerdonf/ xkdpOf olYykcHk;udk wpfpHkwpfa,mufu kwfw&uf
vufjzifh vmykwfojzifh vefYNyD; vSnfhMunfhvkdufonf/ xdktcg olYaemufwGif vl 2 a,muf&yfaeonfudk
awGUvkduf&awmhonf/ va&mifudk ausmay;xm;ojzihf rsufESmrsm;wGift&dyfusaeum rnfolrsm;jzpfonfudk
wdwdususrodEkdifyJ jzpfaeonf/ wpfa,mufu vifh[lcsKH;tm; vuf,yfac:vdkufonf/
nDav; ... vm ... igwkdY txJ0ifMur,f
&SefY0efYxif;\ toHaywum;/ vifh[lcsKH;u twkdif;rod0rf;omoGm;NyD; avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh 0rf;omtm;&
EIwfquf vkdufonf/
tpfudkBuD; ... b,fvdka&mufvmwmvJ
olwkdY 2 a,muf\toHrSm wkd;nif;vSaomfvnf; tcef;xJuvlrsm;u em;yg;vSojzihf Mum;oGm;awmh\/
a[h ... tjyifu b,folvJ
xkdtcg &SefY0efYxif;ESiht
f wl &yfaeaomvlu w[m;[m; atmf&,fvdkufavawmhonf/ ol\toHrSm
us,favmifvGef;&um; tdrfBuD;wpftdrfvHk; [def;xGufoGm;avawmh\/ xkdvlu&,farm&if; a&SUodkY wjznf;jznf;
wkd;vm&m eH&Htem;odkY a&mufoGm;awmhonf/ eH&HESifhvuf xdrdonfESifh vufukd kwfw&ufqefYxkwfvdkuf&m
0kef;ueJ jrnf[nf;oGm;NyD; eH&H taygufBuD;jzpfoGm;avawmh\/ NyD;aemuf xkdtaygufxJrS a&S;OD;pGm
0ifoGm;avawmhonf/ &SefY0efYxif;u vifh[lcsKH;\vufudkqGJ twGif;odkY avQmuf0ifvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onfh
tHhMo0rf;ompGmjzifh &SefY0efYxif; ac:&maemufodkY vdkuf0ifoGm;rdawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
666
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aygifwm;wdkY 4 a,mufonf toifhtaetxm;jzihf rwfwwf&yfaeMuNyD; vufeufudk,fpD udkifxm;Muonf/

olwkdY\rsufEmS rsm; at;aq;NidrfoufrIrsm;tpm; pdk;&drfwkefvIyfrIrsm;u tpm;xkd;0ifa&mufvsuf&Sdae\/ aygif
wm;u txpfxpftaighaigh ajymvdkuf\/
[m ... vif; ... vif; ... q&mBuD; vif;&Sif a&mufvmwmudk;
vif;&Sifonf wif;rmaom rsufESmxm;jzifh a&SUodkY avQmufoGm;awmhonf/ aygifwm;wkdYvlpkrmS
aMumufvefYwMum; ab; 2 zufodkY &SJay;vkdufMuawmh\/ vif;&Sifu tv,fwnfhwnfhwGif&Sdaeaom xkdifcHk
0ifxdkifvkduf avawmhonf/ xkdxkdifcHkrSm cyfapmapmydkif;u aygifwm;xkdifaeaom xkdifcHkyif jzpfawmh\/
xdktcgusrS vifh[lcsKH;onf xkdvlBuD;\rsufESmudk aocsmpGm awGUvdkuf&awmhonf/ xkdvl\rsufESmrSm
jzLzwfjzLa&mf jzpfaeaomfvnf; wnfMunfcefn
Y m;rI tjynfht0&Sdaeonf/ olu vifh[lcsKH;ESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYudk
vuf,yfac:vdkuf\/
&SefY0efYxif; ... vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;wkdY bmai;aeMuwmvJ/ vmMu/ 'DrSm xkdifcHkawG&Sdw,f/ vmxdkifMu/
'Dae&mrSm rif;wkdY &yfaep&mrvdkbl;
xdktoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf q&mBuD; vif;&Sif\toHrSef; aumif;pGm usufrdojzifh
0rf;omtm;& ajymvdkufonf/
q ... q&mBuD; vif;&Sif
xdkvlBuD;u NyHK; [kwfw,f/ ig ... vif;&SifyJ/ rif;rqkd;bl;/ rif;&JU"g;okdif;u aumif;om;yJ [k
ajymonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u q&mBuD;u vGwfvmNyDudk;/ uRefawmfu 'DaeY ...
xdkvlBuD;u w[m;[m; &,farmavawmh\/ tm;&yg;& &,fNyD;rS
bmvJ ... rif;u ighudkvmu,fzdkY 'DaeYa&mufvmwmvm;/ [m; [m; [m; &SefY0efYxif; ... rif;ajymwm
rSefoa[h/ rif;nDu w,fNyD; opm&SdwJhvlygvm;uG
&SefY0efYxif;onf vifh[lcsKH;\vufudkqGJum vif;&Sif\ vuf,mzuf&dS vGwfaeaom cHkvGwfwpfckwGif
0ifxdkifvdkufawmh\/ taotcsm xkdifNyD;rS
nDav; vifh[lcsKH;u opm&Sdwmudkawmh bmrSajymp&mr&Sdbl;/ aemufNyD;awmh a,mufsm;yDowJh
ae&mrSmvnf; 2 a,mufr&Sdbl; [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
vif;&Sifu &,farm&if;
,HkygNyDuGm/ a[h ... vifh[lcsKH; ... rif; tacsmifoufouf ajratmufcef;xJrSm oHk;av;vavmuf
tydwfcHxm;&wmudk igwkdYpdwfraumif;ygbl;/ [m; [m; [m; ... 'gayr,fh yg&rDjznfhw,fvdkY oabmxm;aygh
uGm/ [kwf vm; ... [m; [m; [m; [k ajymavawmh\/
xdkpum;ukd Mum;&aomtcgrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm &dyfrdovdkvdk&Sdvm\/ vifh[lcsKH; awGa0aeonfudkMunfNh yD;
vif;&Sifu
rif;u ightwGufeJY ajratmufcef;rSm tcsKyfcHvdkuf&ayr,fh tcsKyfcH&aysmfygw,fuGm/ r[kwfbl;vm;/
oHukwifay:rSm iga&;cJhwJh twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudkawGUNyD; avhusifhatmifjrifoGm;NyDqkdawmh ausNyDayghuGm
vifh[lcsKH;u aMomf ... oHjym;ay:upmawGudk q&mBuD;udk,fwdkif wu,fa&;cJhwmyJudk;
&SefY0efYxif;u 0if nDav; ... *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynm[m tifrwef &Sm;yg;cufcJwJh
odkif;ynmuG/ 'Dynmudk wwfuRrf;wJhou
l vnf; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;NyD;&if rif;wpfa,mufyJ&Sdw,f/ igu
nDav;twGuf *kPf,lygw,fuGm [k 0rf;yef;wom ajymavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMo ar;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
667
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; .. [kwfvm;
&SefY0efYxif;u w[m;[m; &,farm&if;
aMomf ... rif;u tckxufxd *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vif;&Sif&JUtaMumif;ukd rodao;yJukd;/ q&mBuD; vif;&Sifu
aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfBuD;yJ [k ajymjyavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf aerif;ocif*dkPf;BuD; taMumif;udk aumif;pGmMum;zl;onf/ onf*dkPf;BuD;rSm raumif;
qkd;0g;*dkPf;BuD;yif jzpfonf/ okdYaomf raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;om;rsm;u olwkdY*dkPf;udk raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;[k
rnfonfhtcgrQ rac:Muacs/ aerif;ocif*dkPf;[kom ac:Mu\/ tjyifavmuESifh okdif;avmuom;rsm;url
aerif;ocif*dkPf;[k rnfonfhtcgrQ rac:MuyJ raumif;qkd;0g;*kdPf;[kom ac:Mu\/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;odxm;orQ raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;rSm wHk;zef;ykjzpf\/ ,ckawmh
tb,faMumifh vif;&SifqkdaomvlBuD;udk raumif;qkd;0g; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;[k qdkae&oenf;/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u
r,Hkr&JavoH jzifh
q&mBuD;u *dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk; [k ajymvdkufrdawmh\/
xdktcg aygifwm;wkdY 4 a,mufteufrS t&yf&Snf&Snf tzdk;BuD;u atmf[pfuefYuGufavawmhonf/
bm*dkPf;csKyfBuD;vJ/ igwkdY aerif;ocif*dkPf;BuD;&JU*dkPf;csKyfMuD;[m wHk;zef;ykqkdwm vlwkdif;odw,f/ bmrS
txl;aMunmp&m rvdkwJhudpyJ/ 'Dvif;&SifqdkwJhvlu igwkdY*kdPf;&JU opmazmufBuD;yJ
xdktzdk;BuD;onf ol\ vufId;udk &SefY0efYxif;&Sd&modkY kwfw&uf Tefvdkuf&if;
&SefY0efYxif; ... rif;u opmazmufeJY twloGm;? twlvm? twlaygif;zufaewJhvl jzpfwJhtwGuf rif;vnf;
tjypf'Pfudk cH&r,f [k ajymavawmh\/
xdktcg vif;&Sifonf at;pufrmaMumaomtMunfhjzihf xdkydef&Snf&SnfvlBuD;tm; pdkufMunfhvkdufonf/
rif;&JUemrnfu zef;a0; xifw,f
xdktzdk;BuD;u rmaMumpGmyif jyefajzonf/
[kwfw,f/ usKyf zef;a0;yJ
vif;&Sifu ig *dkPf;csKyfBuD;t&m qufcHwkef;u rif;[m usef;pD;e,fu tzGJYcGJrSL;wpfa,muftjzpfyJ
&Sdao;w,f r[kwfvm;
zef;a0;u [kwfw,f/ tJ'g bmjzpfovJ
vif;&Sifu tif; ... tckawmh rif;u igwkdY*dkPf;BuD;&JU 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvf 10 a,mufxJu wpfa,muf
jzpfaeNyDayghav/ 'Dtqifhtxda&mufatmif wufvmwmuawmh tawmfjrefwmyJ/ wHk;zef;yku rif;udk
w,fta&;ay;yguvm;/ wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf csD;ajrmufaeMuwmayghav
zef;a0;u usKyfBudK;pm;vdkY 'D&mxl;tqifhudk a&mufvmwmyJ/ 'gu bmrSrxl;qef;bl;
vif;&Sifu oa&mfawmfawmf ajymvdkuf\/
tif; ... rif;u b,fqkd;vdkYvJ/ 'Dvdkqkdawmh awmfawmfuav; awmfw,fvdkY qkd&rSmaygh/
pum;qHk;onfESifh vif;&Sifonf vQyfjyufovdk vIyf&Sm;vdkuf\/ ol\vufacsmif;rsm;onf aygifwm;\
vnfrsKdudk ukyfqGJvdkufonf/ aygifwm;rSm xkduJhodkYjzpfvmvdrhfrnf[k vHk;0arQmfvifhrxm;ojzifh olYvufxJ
udkifxm;aomvufeufjzifh ckcHumuG,fcsdefyif r&awmhacs/ aemufodkY wpfvSrf;qkwfum wHawmifqpfjzihf
vnfrsKdudk umuG,fvdkuf&onf/ xkdtcg vif;&Sifonf aygifwm;\tusudk qGJqkwfvdkufNyD; t&m0wKwpfckudk
qGJjzKwf,lvdkufonf/
ol,lvkdufaom t&mrSm r[l&m wHqdyfjym;uav;yif jzpf\/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif aygifwm;\
vufaumuf0wfudk vdrfcsKd;vdkufNyD; zrf;csKyfxm;vdkufawmhonf/ usef 3 a,mufu csufcsif; 0ifa&muf
xkd;ckwfMuaomfvnf; &SefY0efUxif;u umuG,fvkdufojzifh olwkdY\wkdufuGufrsm;onf a&ay: tkyfqGJonfhyrm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
668
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rnfokdYrQ t&mra&mufyJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/

aygifwm;rSmrl vif;&Sif\vufxJokdY vHk;0usa&mufomG ;awmh\/ vif;&SifowfvQif ao&rnf/ vif;&Sif
xm;vQif ae&rnf/ xkdpOfwGif vif;&Sifu jyHK;ajymvkdufonf/
igvGwfvmNyD;uwnf;u igh&JU twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudk vHk;0roHk;&ao;bl;/ 'Dodkif;ynm&JUt&omudk
rif; enf;enf;yg;yg; jrnf;prf;Munfhcsifovm;
aygifwm;onf raumif;qdk;0g;*kdPf;wGif 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvfwpfa,muf jzpfaecJhonfrSm MumNyDjzpf
tawGUtMuHKrsm;onf/ tajctaersm;udkvnf; rSefrSefuefuef oHk;oyfEkdifonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif vif;&Siftm;
tnHhcH vufeufrcsygu rkcstowfcH&ayawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh tjrefqHk; qHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkuf\/ awGa0aejcif;
vHk;0r&Sd/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; ... uRefawmf ... 'DaeYupNyD; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tay: wpfoufvHk; opmapmifhodoGm;yghr,f/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;tusKd;twGuf uRefawmfh&JUtoufukd y"gerxm;yJ o,fydk;aqmifGufoGm;yghr,f
vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,fvdkufNyD;
tif; ... rif;uawmh 'DtoHk;tEIef;rsKd; oHk;EIef;&Jao;oudk;/ [dkwkef;uvnf; 'DvdkyJ ighudk uwday;cJhwmyJ
r[kwfvm;/ aemufusawmh bmjzpfvdkY ighudk opmazmuf&ovJ [k ar;vdkuf\/
aygifwm;u [kwf ... [kwfygw,f/ uRefawmhfrSm tJ'DvdkuwdysufwJhtwGuf tjypfawG&Sdaeygw,f/
'DtjypfawG ausoGm;atmif *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JUtusKd;ukd o,fydk;aqmifGufoGm;yghr,f/ aemufaemif 'Dvdk uwdysuf
jcif;rsKd; rjzpfatmifvnf; jyKjyifoGm;yghr,f
aumif;NyD/ 'Dvkdqdk&if a[monfaq;vHk;udk pm;vdkufprf;
vif;&Sifu aq;ykvif;uav;wpfvHk;udk xkwf,lvdkufNyD; xkdykvif;xJrS aq;vHk;uav;wpfv;Hk udk xkwfum
aygifwm;tm; ypfay;vdkuf\/ aygifwm;onf aq;vHk;udk MunfhIppfaq;jcif;yifr&SdyJ rsKdcsvdkufawmhonf/
zef;a0;u vTwfueJ atmfvdkufonf/
tom;pm;aq;vHk;
vif;&Sifu acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfjyum
[kwfw,f/ 'g[m tom;pm;aq;vHk;yJ [k ajymMum;vkduf\/ xkdYaemuf vif;&Sifu aq;vHk; 6 vHk;udk
xkwf,lvdkufjyD; pm;yGJay: ypfwifvdkufum
uJ ... rif;wdkYxJrSm 'Dtom;pm;aq;vHk;&JU tmedoifudk aumif;aumif;odwJhvlrsm; &SdMuovm; [k
ar;vdkuf\/
aygifwm;u uRefawmf aumif;aumif;odygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JUaq;vHk;udk pm;NyD;&if *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU
pum;udk wpfoufvHk; em;axmif&ygr,f/ 'DvdkrS em;raxmifbl;qdk&if aq;vHk;xJu ydk;aumifxGufvmNyD;&if
tom;awGudk wpfpwpfppm;NyD;awmh aemufqHk; a0'emudk tvl;tvdrhfcH&NyD;rS ao&ygvdrhfr,f
vif;&Sifu auseyfpGm ajymvdkufonf/
rif;ajymwmrSefw,f/ 'gawGodvsufom;eJY bmjzpfvdkY 'Daq;vHk;udk &J&Jwif;wif; pm;vdkuf&wmvJ/
'Daq;vHk;aMumifh b,favmuftjzpfqkd;Edkifw,fqkdwmudk awG;NyD; raMumufbl;vm;/
aygifwm;u oGufvufpGmjzifh
uRefawmfhtzdkY ykdif;jzwfNyD;ygNyD/ 'DaeYupNyD; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tay: wpfoufvHk; opmapmifhodoGm;r,fvdkY
qHk;jzwfNyD;NyDqdak wmh bmrSaMumufaep&m rvkdawmhygbl;
vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,farm&if;
aumif;w,f/ aumif;w,f/ 'grsKd;rS iguoabmuswm/ 'DrSm aq;vHk; 6 vHk; &Sdao;w,f/ b,folpm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
669
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rvJ [k ar;avawmh\/
0rfcsKH;? acghydtkef;ESifh wef;csef;wkdYrSm wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,muf MunfhvdkufrdMu\/ tm;vHk;rSm
onfaq;vHk;rsm;udk rpm;&JMu/ aMumufvefYwGefYqkwf aerdMuonf/ xkdpOf a[;ayusdu kwfw&uf atmfvdkuf
onf/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; ... uRefawmf 'Daq;vHk;udk pm;r,f
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh a[;ayusdu ,drf;xkd;vsuf BudK;pm;xvmNyD; pm;yGJay:rS aq;vHk;wpfvHk;udk,l&ef
[efjyifvdkuf\/ odkYaomf vif;&Sifu ol\vufudk wpfcsufrQ a0SU,rf;vdkufonfESifh a[;ayusdrSm ta0;odkY
vGifhpOfoGm;awmh\/ vif;&Sifu ceJYjyHK;jyHK;vsuf
rif;rSm bmokdif;tm;rS r&Sdawmhwm/ ightwGuf bmtusKd;jyKEdkifawmhrSmvJ/ 'Dvkd odkif;avmurSm toHk;r0if
awmhwJhvlrsKd;udk aq;vHk;wpfvHk;ay;&if tvum; jzKef;wD;&m a&mufawmhraygh [k ajymvdkufao;\/
a[;ayusdtm; xkdodkYajymvdkufNyD;aemuf vif;&Sifu kwfw&uf aygifwm;\ taygif;tyg 3 a,mufzufoYdk
vSnfhvdkufjyefonf/
zef;a0; ... 0rfcsef ... qef;vef ... rif;wkdY 3 a,mufu ighaq;vHk;udk raomufcsifbl;aygh ... [kwfvm; ...
igh&JUopmudk rcHcsifbl;aygh
xkdtcg qef;veftrnf&Sdaom rdef;rBuD;u cg;udkwpfcsufudkif;um
*dkPf;csKyfBuD; ... 'DaeYupNyD; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tay: opm&Sdyghr,f/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JUtusKd;udk toufy"me
rxm;yJ o,fykd;aqmifGufyghr,f [k ajymvkduf\/
wpfqufwnf;yif tvGefw&m0zdkifhvSaom 0rfcseftrnf&Sd vlBuD;uvnf; cg;udkif; OD;nTwftdktao
ay;vdkuf\/ ol\yg;pyfrSawmh rnfokdYrQrajymacs/ qef;vefa&m? 0rfcsefyg 2 a,mufpvHk; pm;yGJem;odkY
avQmufvmNyD; aq;vHk;udk wpfa,mufwpfvHk;pD aumuf,lum rsKdcsvdu
k fMuawmh\/
,ckawmh olwkdY 4 a,mufteuf owdt&SdqHk;vlrSm zef;a0;jzpfaeawmhonf/ olu vif;&SiftaMumif;
aumif;pGm rodao;oljzpf\/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; rQ owdaumif;aejcif;jzpfonf/ olu kwfw&uf atmfvkduf
onf/
[if; ... usKyfuawmh 'Daq;vHk;udk b,fawmhrS rpm;bl; ... usKyfoGm;r,f
[k ajymum tcef;wGif;rS ckefxGufoGm;awmh\/
xdktcg vif;&Sifu w[m;[m;&,fvdkufNyD; vufudk wpfcsufrQvIyf&Sm;vdkuf&m &Snfvsm;aom teDa&mifBudK;
wpfacsmif; kwfw&ufysHxGufoGm;NyD; zef;a0;\ajcaxmufudk oGm;a&muf&pfywfavawmhonf/ xkdYaemuf csuf
csif;aqmifhqJv
G dkufaomtcg zef;a0;rSm tcef;xJokdY 0kef;ueJ jyefvSdrfh0ifvmawmh\/ Murf;jyifay: vl;vdSrfhvsuf
&SdaeNyD; vHk;0 rwfwyfr&yfEdkifawmhacs/
vif;&Sifu wif;rmpGm trdefYay;vkduf\/
qef;vef ... pm;yGJay:u aq;vHk;wpfvHk;udk,lNyD; tay:u teDa&mif tcGHudk cGmvdkufprf;/ owdxm;NyD;cGm/
aygufroGm;apeJY
qef;vefonf trdefYtwkdif; pm;yGJay:rS aq;vHk;wpfvHk;udk ,lvdkufNyD; tay:rS teDa&miftcGHudk
owdBuD;pGmjzifh cGmvdkufonf/ xkdtcg twGif;rS tjzLa&mifaq;vHk;uav; xGufay:vmawmh\/ vif;&Sifu
xyfrHtrdefYay; vdkufonf/
zef;a0;udk auR;vdkufprf;
qef;vefonf zef;a0;tem;odkY avQmufoGm;NyD; atmfvdkufonf/
zef;a0; ... yg;pyf[prf;
zef;a0;u udk,fudk wpfcsufapmif;vkdufNyD; qef;vefudk vuf0g;apmif;jzifh ckwfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
670
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olYtaejzifh vJusae&mrS vuf0g;apmif;ckwf&jcif;jzpf&m qef;vefukd rnfodkYrQr,SOfEkdif/ wpfyef;IH;aeNyD;jzpfonf/

qef;vefu ol\vufudk ajcwpfzufjzifh uefxkwfvdkufNyD; tjcm;ajcwpfzufjzifh &if0odkYuefvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf zef;a0;\yg;dk;udk csKyfudkifvdkufNyD; npfcsvdkufaomtcg yg;pyfrSm[oGm;awmh\/
csufcsif;yif olr\vufxJrS aq;vHk;udk zef;a0;yg;pyfxJokdY ypfxnfhvdkufawmh\/ zef;a0;rSm vHk;0
rkef;uefEkdifawmhaomfvnf;
olYvnfrsKdxJodkY
0ifvk0ifcifjzpfaeaom
aq;vHk;udk
tefxkwfypf&ef
BudK;pm;vkdufao;\/ odkYaomf olYyg;dk;udk qef;vefu csKyfudkifxm;&m olYyg;pyfudk rvIyf&Sm;EkdifyJ jzpfaeawmh\/
xkdYaMumifh aq;vHk;rSm tjyifodkYxGufrvmyJ vnfrsKdxJrS 0rf;xJokdY wjznf;jznf; usqif;oGm;avawmhonf/
vif;&SifujyHK; Munfhaevdkufawmhonf/ qef;vefrSmrl wm0efausNyDjzpf olr yxr&yfaeonfhae&modkY
oGm;um rwfwwf&yfaevdkufonf/ xkdYaemuf vif;&Sifonf 0rfcsKH;wkdY nDtpfudk 3 a,mufxHodkY
vSrf;Munfhvkdufjyef\/
xdktcg acghydtkef;onf rnfonhfpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ aq;vHk;wpfvHk;udk aumuf,l rsKdcsvdkufawmhonf/
tenf;i,f wHkYaES;aeolrSm 0rfcsKH;jzpfonf/ ol\rsufESmrSm rom,may/ rom,monfxuf rIefukyfukyf jzpfae
ao;onf/ odkYaomf olvnf; MumMumrqkdif;&Jay/ aumuf,l rsKdcsvkduf&jyefonf/ wef;csef;url EIwfrSwwGwf
wGwf a&Gwfae\/ rnfonfhpum;udk a&GwfaerSef;awmh rodMu&ay/ olonfvnf; aq;vHk;udk rsKdcsvdkufonf
om/
xdkYaemufwGif vif;&Sifu
uJ ... tckawmh igh&JUopmcH,lwJh tcrf;tem;awmh NyD;oGm;NyD/ pm;zkdYaomufzkdYyJ usefawmhw,f/ 0rfcsKH; ...
t&ufeJY pm;p&mawG oGm;,lvmcJhprf;/ 'DuaeYawmh igwkdY 3 a,muf rsufESmcsif;qkdifNyD; pm;aomufyGJwpfck
usif;y&r,f
0rfcsKH;wkdY nDtpfudk 3 a,mufonf [kwfuJh [k ajymum pm;aomufyGJwpfckjzpfap&ef cif;usif;jyifqif&
awmhonf/
twefMumaomtcg vif;&Sifu at;aq;oufomaom avoHjzifh
aygifwm; ... rif;wdkY 6 a,mufvnf; pdwfyifyef;vlyifyef; jzpfaeMuNyD/ tjyifcef;rSm pm;aomufNyD;
oGm;tem; ,lMuayawmh [k tcGifhay;vdkuf\/
xkdtcg vltm;vHk;onf vif;&Sifudk tdktaoay;vdkufMuNyD; tjyifcef;odkY xGufoGm;Muawmh\/ vif;&Sifu
xkdvlrsm;\ausmjyifudk aocsmpGm pl;pdkufMunhfaeonf/
xkdpOf &SefY0efYxif;u
nDav; vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u b,fhES,f *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JUtwGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudk oifvdkufEkdifwmvJ/
'Dynmu wu,fcufwmaemf/ nDav; &vmyHkudk ajymjyygvm;
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;onf oHjym;ay:rSpmvHk;rsm;udk rnfokdYpwifawGU&SdcJhyHk? rnfodkYavhusifhcJhyHkwkdYudk tprS
tqHk;xd ajymjyvdkufawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u w[m;[m; &,f&if;
wu,fhudk BuHBuHzefzefBuHKBudKufwJh udpyJ? wu,fjzpfcsifvmwJhudpwpfckukd b,folrS wm;qD;vdkYr&bl;/
b,fenf;eJYrqdk jzpfvmawmhwmyJ [k ajymaeawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
671
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
672
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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aumifudk rif;ae&mrSm vlpm;xdk;NyD; xGufvmwmr[kwfvm; [k &Sif;jyvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvdkufNyD; aMomf ... vufpowfawmh q&mBuD;u uRefawmfht0wftpm;awGvJNyD;
tjyifxGufcJhwmudk; [k ajymvkdufonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u [kwfw,f nDav;&/ *kdPf;csKyfBuD;u rif;&JUt0wftpm;awGudkvJNyD; xGufvmwm/ 0rfcsKH;wkdY
4 a,mufu arhvJaeBuawmh bmrS tcuftcJr&Sdawmhbl;aygh
vifh[lcsKH; ...
tpfudkBuD;&JU tBuHu wu,faumif;wmyJ/ pNyD; pDpOfuwnf;u wpfuGufrS [muGufr&Sdbl;/
'DESif;qDa*[ma&mufa&mufcsif; tpfudkBuD; xkwfxkwfjyaewJh ypnf;awGudkawGU&awmh uRefawmf t&rf;tHhMoae
wm/ awmfkHwefkHvlqkd&if b,f'Davmuf tuGufaphaph pDpOfEkdifvdrhfrvJ/ tpfudkBuD;xkwfjywJh ypnf;awGu
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EdkifwJhtqifhtxd a&mufvmwmyJaemf
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k nfh 0rfcsKH;wkdY 4 a,muf
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tajctaeudk quf&Sif;jyvkdufonf/
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vkyfp&mawGudk tuGufaphaph vkdufvkyfae&w,f/ aemufwpfcku igwkdYvGwfvmNyDqkdwmudk igwkdY&efolBuD;udk
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ajratmufcef;xJrSm &Sdaeao;w,fvkdY xifxm;Muawmh igwkdYtwGuf vkyf&udkif&wm ydkNyD;tqifajyoGm;wmaygh/
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&SefY0efYxif;u ajymajymqdkqdkESifh olYvufxJrS ukdifxm;aomt&ufcGufudk ajrmufvkdufonf/
uJ ... a[monfwpfcGufuawmh nDav;taeeJY tcsKyfxJrSm MumMumaevdkuf&wJhtwGuf igu
awmif;yefwJh t&ufyJ
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cifyGef; Nrnfonf r[kwfygvm;/ ,ckwpfacguf &SefY0efYxif;wkdYvmjcif;onf rdwfaqGaumif;yDopGm rdrdtm;
arhavsmhjcif;r&SdyJ u,fwif&ef a&mufvmjcif;jzpf rdrdtzdkY tb,frSmvQif rauseyfyJ&SdtHhenf;/
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; ol\vufxJrSt&ufcGufudk armhaomufvkdufawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH; t&ufcGuf
jyefcsvkdufaomtcg vif;&Sifuvnf; t&ufwpfcu
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vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; aemufwpfcGuf xyfaomufvkdufjyefonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm oabmxm;BuD;NyD; em;vnfcGifhvTwfwwfoljzpf&m &SefY0efYxif;ESifh vif;&SifwdkYudk
cGifhvTwfauseyfNyD;jzpfonf/ &SefY0efYxif;ukdrl wu,fhnD&if;tpfudkuJhodkY &if;ESD;NyD;jzpf rnfodkYrQ &Sif;vif;jy&ef
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
673
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rvdkaomfvnf; vif;&SifESifhrl &SefY0efYxif;avmuf &if;ESD;rIr&Sdao; &Sif;jy&efvdkonf[k ,lqNyD; vifh[lcsKH;u

&,farm &Si;f jyvdkufonf/
uRefawmfhudk 'Davmufawmif;yefzkdY rvdkygbl;/ uRefawmfuom tpfudkBuD;eJY q&mBuD; vif;&Sifudk jyefNyD;
aus;Zl;wif&rSmyg
vif;&Sifu [ ... b,fhES,f igwkdYudkjyefNyD; aus;Zl;wifae&wmvJu/G igwdkYu rif;udk bmrS aus;Zl;
rjyKcJhygbl;
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rodao;vdkY tckvdk&Sif;jy&wmyg/ uRefawmfh&JU twGif;'gPf&mu uk&mewd aq;r&Sd jzpfaewJha&m*gyg/ tck
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t&ifuqdk&if vifh[lcsKH;qkdwJhaumif[m aor,fh&ufudk vufcsKd;NyD; apmifhae&wJhaumifyg/ tckawmh touf
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vifh[lcsKH;yg vdkuf&,frdawmhonf/
vif;&Sifu tif; ... &SefY0efYxif; ajymvnf; ajymavmufyg&JUuGm/ rif;u opm&SdkHwifrubl;/ yGifhvnf;
tifrwef yGifhvif;oudk;
odkYjzihf 3 a,mufom; TifTifvef;vef;ESifh pum;azmifzJYaG erdMuawmhonf/ twefMum pum;ajymqkd
rdMuaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vif;&Sif\ ajymaygufqkdaygufudk tvGefoabmusvmrd\/
onfvlBuD;onf tawGUtBuHK A[kokw pHkvifvSouJhodkY tajymtqdkvnf; yGifhvif;vS\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
674
pmpOf (9)
pmpOf(9)
rmwdum
tceff;(57)
tcef;(58)
tcef;(59)
tcef;(60)
tcef;(61)
tcef;(62)
aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyfBuD;rS tquf

oufwefYawmifxdyf
ajcmif;ajrmif;vkyfBuHjcif;
axmifacsmufqifjcif;
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scanned by NEO@mmcp

hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
677
686
696
708
722
730
739
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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vifh[lcsKH;u pum;wpfvHk;rQrajymyJ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vif;&Sifudk jyHK;om Munfhaevdkuf\/
vif;&Sifu ]]nDav;taeeJY wpfck odxm;&r,f/ igu &uf&ufpufpuf qufqHvdkufwJh vlawG[m b,fvkd
vlawGvJqkdwm aumif;aumif;BuD; odxm;&r,f/ 'DvlawG[m omreft&yfom;awG r[kwfMubl;/ . . . igh&JU
&efolawG? ighudk ajratmufcef;xJrSm ydwfxm;wm b,favmufMumovJ rif;yJpOf;pm;Munhf/ . . . rif;vnf;
ajratmufcef;xJrSm 3 vavmuf aecJh&wmyJ/ ajratmuftusOf;om; jzpf&wJh cHpm;csufudk aumif;aumif; odrSm
aygh/}}
pum;ajymae&if;rS vif;&Sif\avoHrSm wjznf;jznf; rmausmvm\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ajratmufcef;xJokdY
jyefa&mufoGm;ouJhokdY cHpm;vdkuf&onfh toGifjzifh
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&uf&ufpufpuf vkyfEkdifrS wef&musrSm/ 'Dtcsufudk nDav; oabmayguf&ifawmh ighudk odyf&ufpufw,fvdkY
xifrSm r[kwfygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm oabmaygufNyD;jzpfojzifh acgif;ndwfjyvdkuf\/ csufcsif;yif qwfueJ jzpfoGm;
jyefonf/ ,if;udk vif;&Sifomru &SefY0efYxif;uyg owdjyKvdkufrd\/ vifh[lcsKH;u rwfwwf&yfvkdufNyD;
vif;&Siftm; *g&0 jyKvdkuf\/
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vdkufavsmzdkY awmif;yefygw,f}}
vif;&Sifu pdwf0ifpm;pGmjzifh ar;vkduf\/
]]bmudprsm;vJ}}
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vif;&Sifu &,farmvkdufNyD;aemuf ]]rif;u bmawG awmif;yefaewmwkef;/ &ufykcRefu rif;udk
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
677
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
auR;arG;jyKpkNyD; vlvm;ajrmufatmif apmifha&SmufcJhwmyg/ tcktcsdefrSm q&mu uRefawmfhudk *dkPf;xJu

armif;xkwfcJhwm rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwkdY&JUaus;Zl;udk uRefawmf rarhEkdifygbl; q&mBuD;/ 'gaMumifh
awmif;yef&wmyg}}
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tjypfr,lyJ cGihv
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ae&awmh\/ vif;&Sifuom roufnmvQif 0gqef;*dkPf;om;wkdY\ aoG; yifv,f a0&awmhayrnf/
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vif;&Sif qufajymrnfh pum;ukd awG;q&if; vifh[lcsKH;u xdkifcHk jyefxdkifvdkuf\/
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ajym&if ydkrSefr,f/ rif;u wpfpHkwpfck awmif;qkdvmwmudk ightaeeJY b,frSm vspfvsLIUvdkYjzpfrvJ/
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vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ]][kwfuJh . . . q&mBuD; bmajymrSmvJ ajymyg}}
vif;&Sifu ]]rif;eJY igeJY tckqkd&if nDtpfudkvdk jzpfvmNyD/ 'DaeUupjyD; igwkdY 3 a,muf aotwl &Siftwl?
at;twlyltrQ vufwGJMu&if raumif;bl;vm;/ &SefY0efYxif;eJY rif;om opm&Sdaer,fqkd&if &efolwpfaxmif
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vif;&Sifu pum;ukd &yfvkdufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;ukd tuJcwf Munfhvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESm odvkdonfh
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olYtaejzihf i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0uwnf;uyif raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;taMumif;udk q&mESihf
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vif;&Sifa&m &SefY0efYxif;yg apmifhMunfhaeMu\/ rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ at;at;aq;aq; pOf;pm;Ekdif&ef
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
678
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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&Sif;jywmyg/ wHk;zef;ykqdkwJhaumifu ighxuf odkif;ynm awmfcsifrSawmfr,f/ 'gayr,fh ighxuf OmPf&nf
aumif;wmawmh trSefyJ/ olYvufatmufrSm wynfhwyef; i,fom;awGuvnf; awmfawmfav; pkpkpnf;pnf;
jzpfaew,f/ olYvufxJu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&mxl;udk jyefvkzkdYqkdwm tajymvG,fayr,fh tvkyfcufwJh udpayyJ/ . . .
uJ . . . uJ . . . igwkdY t&ufqufaomufMupdkY/ 'DtaMumif;awG xm;vkdufawmh}}
odkYjzihf 0gqef;*dkPf; zsufqD;rcH&atmif wm;qD;&ef BudK;pm;aom vifh[lcsKH;\ tBuHrSm aomifrwif
a&rus jzpfaeawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u pum;vTv
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rSwfrdovm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ]][m . . . rSwfrdwmaygh/ tJonfwkef;u a&Smifvifausmif;ay:u qif;vmwm/ vlawGu
kwfkwfoJoJ jzpfaewmeJY vdkufMunfhawmh vlwpfa,mufudk vdkufzrf;aewm jzpfaew,f/ tvkdufcH&wJhvlu
tpfudkBuD; &SeYyf Jav}}
&SefY0efYxif;u ]]tJ'gaygh nDav;&/ wHk;zef;ykqdkwmu udpwpfckudk vkyfNyDqkd&if atmifjrifwJhtxd vkyfwm/
tJonfaeYu ighudk vdkufzrf;wJhvlawG enf;ovm;/ rif;tjrifyJ/ rif;uom 0ifru,f&if igb,fcHEkdifrvJ/
olwkdY"g;csufeJY aoavmufNyD/ 'Davmufrsm;wJh tiftm;udk igu b,frSm ,SOfNydKifEkdifrSmvJ}}
&SefY0efYxif;u cPem;NyD; t&ufwpfcGufukd armhaomufvdkuf\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf em;axmif
aeonf/
&SefY0efYxif;u quf ]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD;vif;&Sif r[l&mawmifukef;rSm &SdaepOfwkef;u wHk;zef;ykudk b,fvufkH;
tjzpf tm;udk;cJhw,f/ *dkPf;&JU udptm;vHk;ukd wHk;zef;ykudkyJ vTJxm;w,f/ *dkPf;wGif;rSm b,fudprqkd wHk;zef;yku
pDrHcefYcGJEkdifwJh tmPm&Sdw,f/ tJonfwkef;u q&mBuD; vif;&Sifu twGif;tm;pkyfokdif;ynm&JU cRwf,Gif;csuf
awGudk jyKjyifzkdY BudK;pm;aewJh tcsdefyJ/ 'gaMumifhrkdY *kdPf;wGif; ta&;udpawGudk rMunfhEkdifbl;/ tm;vHk;udk
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&SefY0efYxif;u pum;udk &yfum vif;&Sif\ tajctaeudk vSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ vif;&Sifu qufajym&ef
vuf[efjyawmhrS qufajymonf/
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vk,lzkdYtwGuf twGif;Budwf BuHpnfawmhwmaygh/ *dkPf;xJrSm olYvlawG BudwfNyD;arG;w,f/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; tay:
opm&SdwJhvlawGudkawmh taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;&SmNyD; jzKwfypfw,f/ wpfcsKdUudk owfypfw,f/ tJovdkeJY aemufqHk;rSm
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;tay: opm&SdwJh *dkPf;om;qkdvdkY r&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;w,f/ tJovkd jzpfysufaewmudk
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u rodbl;/ rod&wJh taMumif;uawmh 2 ck&Sdw,f/ twGif;tm;pkyfokdif;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u
aeYaeYnn pdwf0ifpm;aewmu wpfaMumif;? wHk;zef;yku tvkyfvkyf&if tifrwefyg;eyfNyD; ydyd&d&deJY vkyfwwfwm
wpfaMumif;ayghuGm}}
vif;&Sifu oufjyif;csvkdufNyD; ]]&SefY0efYxif; . . . tJonfwkef;u tjzpftysufawGtwGuf rif;udk igu
awmif;yefzdkY aumif;aeNyD/ tckaemufydkif;usrS igvnf; awG;awG;NyD; pdwfraumif; jzpfae&wmyJ/ tJonfwkef;u
rif;u ighudk wHk;zef;ykudk owdxm;zkdY ajymcJhzl;w,f/ iguvnf; wHk;zef;ykudk odyf,HkMunfaeawmh rif;udk
atmfvm;aigufvm;eJY a'goxGufcJhao;w,f/ tJ'geJY rif;uvnf; ighudkpdwfqdk;NyD; xGufoGm;w,f/ ightrSm;
ayghuGm/ tifrwefBuD;rm;wJh trSm;aygh}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
679
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rdk;vGefrS xGefcs qdkouJhodkY vif;&Sifonf jzpfNyD;rS aemifw&cJh&onf/ pum;om,m acsiHpGmjzifh 0rf;xJu

auGUaumuf BuHpnfwwfaom vl,kwfrmwkdY\ oabmudk r&dyfrdcJhojzihf wHk;zef;yk\ vufcsufrdum
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;t&mrS uscJh&\/ ,ckuJhokdY twdwfZmwfaMumif;ukd jyefvnf ajymrdaomtcgwGif vif;&Sifu
olYtrSm;udk woo 0efcHrdawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;u ]]uRefawmfu pdwfqkd;NyD; xGufoGm;w,fvdkYxif&if *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vGJoGm;NyD/ tajctae
r[efvkdY uRefawmf xGufoGm;wmyg/ wHk;zef;yku tpDtpOftm;vHk; vkyfNyD;aeNyD/ vpfuGuf[muGuf qkdvdkY
wpfuGufrS r&Sdatmif pDpOfxm;wm/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; tem;rSm uRefawmf&Sdae&if olu wpfenf;enf;eJY uRefawmfhudk
vkyfBuHrSmyJ/ *dkPf;xJrSmvJ olYvlawGcsnf;yJqakd wmh wpfcsdefr[kwf wpfcsdefawmh cH&rSmyJ}}
vif;&Sifu acgif;Nidwfjy&if;
]]rif;ajymwm [kwfw,f/ [kdwkef;uawmh igu vHk;vHk;vsm;vsm; oabmraygufcJhbl;/ rif;ukd a'goxGuf
NyD;awmh igwkdY*dkPf;&JU ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udkawmif wHk;zef;ykvufxJukd igu xnhfvkdufao;w,f}}
vif;&Sif\pum;ukd Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm ][m} ueJ a&Gwfvdkufrd\/ vifh[lcsKH;udk vif;&Sifu
wpfcsufMunfhvkdufjyD;
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k m;/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwf 0efcHvdkuf\/
]][kwfuJh . . . Mum;zl;ygw,f/ q&mwpfcg ajymzl;vdkYyg/ tJonfokdif;pmtkyfxJu odkif;ynmu odyfNyD;
us,f0ef;w,f/ cufcJeufeJw,fwJh/ ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} b,fa&mufaerSef; b,folrS rodMubl;wJh/
vufpowfawmh q&mBuD;wkdY*dkPf;xJrSm &Sdaewmudk;}}
vif;&Sifu auseyfpGmjzifh ]]at;av . . . rif;q&mvdk vlrsKd;uawmif 'Dokdif;pmtkyf b,frSm&SdaerSef;
rod&ifawmh rif;vdk vli,fav;tzkdY omNyD;a0;NyDaygh/ . . . tJonf odkif;aygif;csKyfu igwkdY*dkPf;xJudk raeYwpfaeY
urS a&mufvmwm r[kwfbl;uG}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ]][kwfuJh . . . uRefawmfuawmh b,fvkdrS rodEkdifygbl;/ q&mBuD;wkdY ajymjy&ifawmh
uRefawmfhtzkdY A[kokw wkd;wmaygh}}
vif;&Sifu NyHK; ]]tJonfodkif;aygif;csKyfu vGefcJhwJh tESpf 300 avmufuwnf;u ighwdkY*dkPf;&JU &wem
wpfyg;ygyJ/ &wemqkdwm trGeftjrwfxm;wJh ypnf;jzpfwJhtwkdif; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;awGuom xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf
cJh&w,f/ 'grSvnf; vHkvHkNcHKNcHK jzpfEkdifr,f r[kwfvm;}}
ajym&if;rS vif;&Sifonf tdrfjywif;0rS wpfqifh ta0;odkY ai;arQmfMunfhvkduf\/ vGefcJhaomtESpf 300 odkY
vSrf;NyD; a&mf&rf;rSef;qaeonfavm rqkdEkdifay/
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b,favmuftxd okdif;ynmxJrSm pdwf0ifpm;aeovJqkd&if igh&JU *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udkawmif wHk;zef;ykudkay;zkdY
pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD;NyD/ 'gaMumifhvnf; ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk olYvufxJ xnfhay;vkdufwmaygh . . .}}
]]. . . 'gayr,fh igem;rvnfwm wpfcsuf &Sdw,f/ wHk;zef;yk[m OmPf&nf odyfaumif;wJhtaumif/
tifrwefvnf; yg;eyfw,f/ *dkPf;csKyf&mxl; olYudk ay;r,fqdkwmudk odaevsufom;eJY bmjzpfvkdY 'Dvkd vk,ufwJh
tqifhtxd vkyf&wmvJ/ tJonftcsufudk igpOf;pm;r&bl;}}
&SefY0efYxif;u
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h Jh ESpfopful;
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ocifrav;u pum;wpfcGef; ajymvdkufw,f/ tJonfpum;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD; owd&ao;vm; r&awmhbl;vm;udk
uRefawmfrodayr,fh tJonfpum;aMumifh wHk;zef;yku *dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk tjrefqHk; z,f&Sm;ypfvkdufw,fvkYd
uRefawmfuawmh xifwmyJ}}
vif;&Sifu acgif;w,rf;,rf;jzifh ]]ESpo
f pful;yGJawmf . . . [kwfvm; . . . b,fwkef;uvJ . . .}}
vif;&Sifu rsufarSmifukwfvsuf pOf;pm;aeojzifh &SefY0efYxif;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;wdkYu vif;&Sifajymrnfh pum;udk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
680
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
apmifhpm;aeMuonf/
aemufqHk;wGif vif;&Sifu ]]ESpfopful;yGJawmf . . . vif;vif; . . . tJ'g bmjzpfovJ/ tJonfwkef;u
vif;vif;u uav;av;yJ &Sdao;wmyJ/ olu bmrsm; ajymEkdifrSmvJ/ uav;wpfa,muf&JU pum;wpfcGef;eJY
wHk;zef;yku onfvkdvkyfrwJhvm;/ igawmh rrSwfrdawmhbl;uGm}}
&SefY0efYxif;u ajzvkduf\/ ]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; rrSwfrdbl;udk;/ 'Dvkdyg ocifrav;u uav;omom jzpfayr,fh
rSwfOmPfodyfaumif;w,f/ tJonf ESpfopful;yGJawmfwkef;u olYtoufu 8 ESpfyJ &Sdao;w,f/ olu
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;ab;rSm xdkifaeNyD;awmh vlawGudk a&wGufaew,f/ NyD;vJNyD;a&m *dkPf;csKyfBuD;udk ar;awmhwmyJ/ . . .
]azaz? bmjzpfvdkY orD;wdkY&JU ESpfopful;yGJawmf pm;aomufyGJrmS wpfESpfxufwpfESpf vlawG avsmhavsmh
oGm;wmvJ/ rESpfwkef;u 10 a,muf/ t&ifESpfu 11 a,muf? 'Dht&ifESpfu 12 a,muf? tckESpfrSmawmh 9
a,mufyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ tJ'g bmjzpfvdkYvJ azaz} . . . tJonfwkef;u *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u ocifrav;udk bmrS
jyefrajymbl;/ NidrfNyD; pOf;pm;aewmyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; bmawG pOf;pm;aerSef;awmh uRefawmfvJ rodbl;}}
vif;&Sifu oufjyif;csvdkuf&if;
]]tif; . . . trSeftwkdif; ajym&&ifawmh igtoHk;rusvkdYyJayghuGm/ tJonfwkef;u igu twGif;tm;pkyf
odkif;ynmudk avhusifhaeqJudk;uG/ . . . igtckvkd ajym&wm taMumif;&Sdw,f/ 'Dokdif;ynmu odkif;avmurSm
t&rf;emrnfBuD;aew,f/ Mum;wJhvlwkdif;uvJ aMumufvefYukefwmyJ tJ'gaMumifhrkdYayghuGm/ 'gayr,fh
igudk,fwkdif tJonfokdif;ynm&JU [muGufeJY tm;enf;csufawGudk awGUxm;cJhw,f . . .}}
pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm em;axmifaeonfh vifh[cl sKH;udk vif;&Sifu wpfcsuf vSrf;MunfhvdkufNyD;
]]twGif;tm;pkyf okdif;ynmrSm [muGufeJY tm;enf;csufudk ppcsif;awmh owdrxm;rdbl;/ Mumvmawmh
owdxm;rdvmw,f/ a&m*gvuPmu jyvmwmudk;/ aysmufatmif rukEkdif&if wpfaeYus&if 'kua&muf
awmhr,fqdkwm odvm&w,f/ olrsm;qDu pkyf,lxm;wJh twGif;tm;awGu wpfcsdefrSm ighudkjyefNyD; wkdufcdkufMu
vdrhfr,f/ aumif;aumif; rxdef;csKyfEkdif&if tJonftwGif;tm;awG&JU xdk;ESufcsufudk cH&NyD; aorvm;/
wpfukd,fvHk; taMumawG aoukefrvm;yJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vTwfueJ ajymvdkufrdonf/
]][m . . . awmfawmfaMumufp&m aumif;yguvm;}}
vif;&Sifu vufumjyvkdufNyD; olYpum;udk qufajymonf/
]]'gaMumifhrdkY tJonfESpfawGwkef;u ighrSm aeYrtm; nrtm; OD;aESmufudk tvkyfay;ae&wmaygh/
twGif;tm;pkyf okdif;ynm&JU cRwf,Gif;csuf? tm;enf;csufawGudk b,fvkd jyKjyif&rvJqkdwmudk em&DeJYtrQ
pOf;pm;ae&wm/ t&uf0kdif;rSm pm;vkduf? aomufvkduf? pum;ajymvkduf vkyfaeayr,fh ighpdwfu pm;aomufyGJrSm
&Sdwm r[kwb
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&SefY0efYxif;u ]]uRefawmf tHhMooGm;wmudkawmh ajymjyvkdYawmif &rSmr[kwfbl;/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;taMumif;
uRefawmf aumif;aumif; odwmaygh/ wHk;zef;yk yg;eyfwm rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;uvnf; tifrwef
yg;eyfwmyJ/ wpfxGmjyvkdY wpfawmif jrifwJhvludk vlawmfvkdYajym&if *dkPf;csKyfBuD;ukd wpfxGmjy&if
wpfvHavmufjrifw,fvdkY wifpm;&rSmyJ/ vlwpfa,muf yg;pyf[vkdufwmeJY olY0rf;xJrSm tlb,fESpfacG
&SdovJqdkwm odEkdifwJh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vkd vlrsKd;u wHk;zef;yk&JU vsKdU0SuftBuHtpnfudk bmjzpfvdkY r&dyfrdwmvJ}}
vGefcJhonfh twdwfumvodkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;onfhyrm vufoD;udk uspfuspfygatmif qkyfNyD;
&SefY0efYxif;onf pdwftm;xufoefpGm ajymae\/
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'Daumifu tifrwef vnfawmh csufcsif;yJ ajEqnfvdkufw,f/ awmfkHvlawG b,fodrvJ/ uRefawmfu
tjrJwrf; *kpdkufaewJhvlrdkY odwm}}
vif;&Sifu ]]ig,Hkygw,fuGm/ tJonfwkef;u rif;&JU pum;udk igem;axmifcJh&if 'Davmuftxd
b,f'kua&mufvdrfhrvJ/ uJ . . . qufajymprf;ygOD;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
681
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&SefY0efYxif;u quf ]]wHk;zef;yk[m rsufESmysufaewmudk jyifvdkufayr,fh olYrsufvHk;xJu ouFmruif;wJh

t&dyfta&mifawGuawmh aysmufroGm;bl;/ 'gudk uRefawmfu aumif;aumif;BuD; jrifaew,f/ olYpdwfxJrSm
uRefawmfpOf;pm;ovdkyJ pOf;pm;aerSmyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vdk tifrwef yg;eyfNyD; tpGrf;tp xufjrufwJh
vlwpfa,mufu 'DtajctaersKd;rSm olYtBuHtpnfukd r&dyfrdyJ aeyghrvm;/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;[m odvsufom;eJY
rodcsifa,mif aqmifaewmvdkY olwGufvkdufyHk&w,f}}
vif;&Sifu ]]iguvnf; wnfhwnfhajymrSyJ odawmhw,f/ . . . tif; . . . [kwfw,f/ ighorD;&JU
pum;wpfcGef;aMumifh 'Daumif r,HkouFm jzpfoGm;NyD; *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk ightay; rapmifhEkdifawmhyJ jrefjref
vk,lawmhwmudk;}}
wHk;zef;yku *dkPf;csKyfo&zludk tjrefvk,l&jcif; taMumif;udk &SefY0efYxif;\ &Sif;jycsufaMumifh vif;&Sifu
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; oabmaygufoGm;onf/ &SefY0efYxif;url vifh[lcsKH;zuf vSnhf
]]nDav; . . . *dkPf;csKyfBuD; apmapmuajymwJh pum;ukd Mum;w,fr[kwv
f m;/ tapmykdif;u olY&JU
twGif;tm;pkyf odkif;ynmrSm cRwf,Gif;csuf? tm;enf;csufawG &Sdaew,f/ ajratmufcef;rSm 12 ESpfavmuf
tcsKyfcHvkduf&wJh tawmtwGif;rSm tJ'Dtm;enf;csufawGudk jyKjyifEkdifwJh enf;vrf;udk &SmawGUcJhw,f/
wu,fwrf;awmh ajratmufcef;rSm tcsKyfcHvkduf&wm[m *dkPf;csKyfBuD;twGuf cyfaumif;aumif;yJ/ tckqkd&if
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;wwfxm;wJh odkif;ynmrSm cRwf,Gif;csuf r&Sdawmhbl;}}
vif;&Sifu auseyfpGmjzifh ar;aphudk yGwfae&if;
]][kwfw,f/ igh&JU twGif;tm;pkyf odkif;ynmrSm cRwf,Gif;csuf? tm;enf;csufqkdwm r&Sdawmhbl;/
igpkyfxm;wJh twGif;tm;awGu ighudk jyefNyD; 'kuray;Ekdifawmhbl;/ olrsm;awG&JU twGif;tm;awGudk pkyf,lNyD;
ighpdwfBudKuf toHk;csvdkY&NyD/ b,fwefjyeftm;udkrS aMumufp&m rvkdawmhbl/ . . . nDav; vifh[lcsKH; . . .
rif;tck oufjyif;wpfcsufdIufNyD; aemufaphutaMumudk wGef;Munfhprf;/ b,fvdkaeovJvdkY . . .}}
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]]nDav; . . . tckb,fvkd cHpm;vkduf&ovJ/ rif;u avhusifhcgpyJ &Sdao;w,faemf/ rif;tckcHpm;vkduf&wm
yxrtqifhyJ &Sdao;w,f/ odyftcH& rcufao;bl/ wpfvxufwpfv tcsdefawG Mumanmif;vm&if
onfhxufydkNyD; tcH&cufvmvdrhfr,f/ vGefcJhwJh 12 ESpfu ighrSm tJonf'kuawG cHpm;ae&csdefrSm wHk;zef;yku
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
682
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
683
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
684
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
685
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oufwefYawmifxdyf
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vifh[lcsKH;u tvGef0rf;ompGm qkdifwGif;0ifNyD; tem;,laevdkufonf/
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r[kwfaMumif; pOf;pm;rdvdkufonfwGif tcsderf qdkif;awmhyJ olwdkYaemufrS vifh[lcsKH;u vdkufoGm;awmh\/
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vifh[lcsKH;rSm olwkdYaemufrS qufvkduf&ef tcGifhromyJ jzpfoGm;\/ xkdawmifay:vrf; opfyifrsm;
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687
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J Gifawmh
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oGm;rwwf ay:vmawmhonf/
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olYudk 0gqef;*dkPf;rS armif;xkwfvkdufaom owif;u odkif;avmutwGif; rQ *,ufdkufcwfvsuf
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jzpfonf/
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ajymaeonf/
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688
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vJ/}}
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689
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pum;ajymvkdufonfh r,foDv&ifrSm &d[dkjzpf\/ olronf vuf&Sdtajctaeudk oHo, jzpfvmonf/
tumv ntcsdefrsKd; rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ awGUBuHK&ef taMumif;r&Sdaom ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufu
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r,foDv&ifav;rsm;\ wpfa,mufwpfayguf ajymqkdaeoHrsm;onf &d[dku tcsufjyvkdufaomtcg
wdwfqdwfoGm;awmh\/
&d[dku ]]bmyJjzpfjzpf igwkdY c&D;qufzdkY &Sdao;w,f/ 'Dawmh olYudk,fay:u ckefausmfoGm;&awmhrSmyJ}}
ajymNyD;onfESifh &d[dku a&SUwpfvSrf;wufum
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uae ckefausmfoGm;&rSmyJ}}
xkdpOfrSmyif vifh[lcsKH;onf tanmif;qefYvku
d fNyD; w0g;0g; orf;vkduf\/ rsufpdrsm;udk yGwfvsuf
,dkifwd,dkifxdk; rwfwwf&yfvkdufum t&ufrl;aeaom [efjzifh &d[dktm; ajymvdkufonf/
]]t&ufuvJ aumif;vkdufwm . . . 'Dvkdt&ufrsKd; aomufvkdufwm aqGrsKd;yg arhcsifpdwfaygufoGm;w,f}}
xkdpOfrSmyif [efqef;*dkPf;rSm 'kwd,tkyfpk a&mufvm\/ wpfa,mufu vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]tpfr&d[dk . . . tJonfppfAdkvfBuD;u 'DrSm bmvkyfaewmvJ}}
]]b,fodrvJ . . . olu vrf;ydwfaevdkY igwkdY a&SUc&D; qufvkdY r& jzpfaew,f/ tckvrf;z,fckid f;aewm}}
xdkpOfwGif vif[
h lcsKH;\ atmf[pfoHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vkduf&\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
690
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmhr,f}}
[efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&ifrsm; aMumufvefYwMum;jzifh aemufqkwfomG ;Mu\/ odkYaomf ppfAdkvfBuD;url
rtefacs/ xkdpOfrSmyif wwd, 7 a,muf wpfokwf a&mufvmjyef\/ xkdtokwfxJrS El;nHhaom toHav;
wpfoH Mum;vku
d f&onf/ xkdtoHudk vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGm rSwfrd\/ &Dvifyifwnf;/
]]'Dvl t&ufrl;aew,feJY wlw,f/ uRefrwkdY cPavmuf apmifhvkdufwmaygh/ olYudk cPavmuf
tem;,lcdkif;vkduf&if trl;ajyoGm;rSmyJ/ tcsdefenf;enf; aemufusoGm;vdkYvJ uRefrwkdYtwGuf odyfta&;BuD;r,f
rxifygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif MunfEl;oGm;\/
]]nDrav; &Dvifuawmh wu,fhudk pdwfoabmxm; aumif;wmyJ/ b,folYudkrqkd ulnDcsifpdwf &Sdygay
w,f}}
odkYaomf &d[dkurl ]]'Dvlu vlaumif;[kwf[ef rwlbl;/ igwkdYudk oufoufr,fh MuefYMumatmif vkyfaewm}}
olru a&SUwpfvSrf;wufum ab;z,fprf;[k atmfvdkufNyD; vufjzihf wpfcsuf wGef;vkduf\/ xkdtcg
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ,drf;xdk;um aemufodkY 3-4 vSrf;rQ qkwfcGmoGm;&awmhonf/ ol\ ajcvSrf;rsm;onf
awmifukef;tjrifx
h ufodkY ydka&mufoGm;NyD; awmifwufvrf;usOf;av;udk ydwfqkdYvdkufouJhodkY jzpfoGm;\/
&d[kdwkdYtzdkY ydk cufcJoGm;avawmhonf/ ,ckawmh olwkdYtaejzihf vifh[lcsKH;\ acgif;ay:wnfhwnfhrS
ckefausmf&efrSwyg; tjcm;enf;vrf; r&Sdawmhay/ vifh[lcsKH;onf ',D;',dkifjzifh aemufjyefqkwf&if;
awmifukef;ay:odkY jznf;jznf;csif; wufoGm;onf/
at;aq;pGm wufoGm;jcif; r[kwfacs/ olYEIwfrS atmf[pfoGm;\/
]]tay:u acsmif;aewJh acG;olckd;awG . . . rif;wkdY apmifhaewJh vlawG vmaeNyD/ tckae tay:uae
wkduf&ifawmh atmufuvlawG wpfa,mufrS vGwfrSm r[kwfbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;udk Mum;vkdufonfwGif &d[dkwkdYtm;vHk; aemufzufodkY uref;uwef; qkwfcGmoGm;Mu
awmh\/ xkdpum;\ aemufuG,fwGif aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom aojcif;\ twdwfedrdwfrsm; yg0ifaeonf
r[kwfygvm;/
r,foDv&if wpfa,mufu ]]'Dae&mu wu,ftE&m,frsm;wJh ae&myJ/ &efolawGom wu,fwrf;
tay:rSm ykef;ckad ewm rSefcJh&if uRefrwdkY b,fvkdrS ckcHumuG,fEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/ vnfpif;ay;wmeJY twlwlyJ}}
&d[kdu ]]nnf;wkdY bmawG ajymaewmvJ/ olajymovkdom vlqkd;awG wu,fwrf;&Sdae&if 'Dvl 'Dvkd
atmfEkdifygOD;rvm;/ 'gu igwkdYudk oufoufrJh ajcmufvSefYaewm/ igwkdYu t[kwfxifNyD; aemufqkwfoGm;&if
vl&,fp&m jzpfawmhrSmaygh}}
aemufzufem;rS r,foDv&if 2 yg;uvnf;
]][kwfw,f/ vlqdk;awG &SdyHk r&ygbl;/ uRefrwkdY 3 a,muf a&SUuae vrf;&Sif;NyD; wufr,f/ usefwJhvlawG
aemufuae vdkufcJhMuaygh}}
odkYjzihf r,foDv&if 3 yg;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ aemufem;odkY ajy;wufvmMu\/ olwkdY\ vufrsm;u
vufeufrsm;ay: tqifoifh wifxm;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;url olYaemufem;odkY a&mufvmonfh r,foDv&ifrsm;udk
*krxm;rd[efjzifh awmifukef;xdyfay:odkYom jznf;nif;pGm wufaeonf/
arm[dkufoHBuD;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;u ajymvkduf\/
]]toufBuD;vmawmh awmifukef;uav;ay: wuf&wmawmif w,farmyguvm;/ wu,fh awmifjrifhBuD;
rsm; wuf&if b,fvdkaervJ rodbl;}}
xkdtcg r,foDv&if wpfyg;u ]]'Dr,f . . . &Sif vrf;z,fay;yg/ &SifwufaeyHku odyfaES;awmh uRefrwkdY
b,fvkdwuf&rvJ/ &Sif z,fay;vdkufyg/ uRefrwkdY t&ifwufr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ]]b,fvkdvJ . . . oDv&SifawGu w,fNyD; a'goBuD;Muyguvm;/ rif;wkdYu bk&m;&JU
orD;awmfawG vkyfaeNyD; 'Davmuf a'goBuD;&if rSm;rSmaygh/ rif;wkdYoGm;r,fh ae&mu b,fxGufajy;rSmrkdYvJ/
jrefjrefoGm;vJ 'Dae&myJ/ aES;aES;oGm;vJ 'Dae&myJ/ aoGmoGm;zdYk ajy;oGm;aewmrS r[kwfwm/}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
691
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&Sif b,fvkdpum;rsKd; ajymwmvJ/ pum;udk aumif;aumif;ajymyg/ uRefrwkdYukd oG,f0dkufNyD; usdefqJwm

ayghav/ &Sifom vrf;z,fyg/ uRefrwkdYudk usdefqJp&m rvkdygbl;}}
xkdr,foDv&ifu vifh[lcsKH;\&ifywfudk "g;tdrfjzifh axmuf&efjyifvdkufonf/ xdktcsdefrSmyif
vifh[lcsKH;onf kwfw&uf aemufokdY vSnhv
f kduf&m "g;rSm olY&if0odkY xkd;csdefxm;ovdk jzpfoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u vefYoGm;oa,mifjzifh atmfvdkufonf/
]]rif; . . . rif;wkdY . . . 'gbmvkyfwmvJ/ ajymprf; . . . igvkdppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufudkrsm; vk,ufzkdY
BudK;pm;Muwmaygh [kwfvm;/ a[haumifawG vmMuprf;/ a[monf r,foDv&ifudk zrf;csKyfvkdufMuprf;/ igudk
"g;eJY axmufNyD; jcdrf;ajcmufaew,f}}
wu,fh ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufu i,fom;rsm;udk trdefYay;ovdk vifh[lcsKH; atmf[pfvkdufonf/ odkYaomf
awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJodkY rnfonfhppfom;u vma&mufrnfenf;/
r,foDv&ifav;rsm;onf awmBuD;awmifBuD;xJ MoZmtmPmjyaeonfh ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufudk
MunfhNyD; wcpfcpf &,frdMuawmh\/ r,foDv&if wpfyg;u &,farm&if;
]]uJ . . . uRefrwkdYrSm ta&;wBuD; oGm;p&m udpwpfck &Sdaeygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wpfqdwfavmuf
vrf;z,fay;zkdY awmif;yefygw,f&Sif/ &Sifuom tckvdk vrf;ydwfxm;&ifawmh uRefrwkdY&JU yef;wdkifudk tcsdefrD
a&mufawmhrSm r[kwfvdkYyg}}
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wGif r,foDv&ifav;rsm;tm;vHk; wcpfcpf&,farmrdMuawmh\/ olwdkYu oHNydKifjzifh
]]ppfAdkvfBuD;&Sifh . . . aus;zl;jyKNyD; vrf;z,fay;yg}}
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,fvdkufNyD; cg;udkqefY? &ifudkaumhvkduf\/ xkdpOfwGif wpfcsufrQ
,drf;,dkifoGm;jyD; ab;buf&Sd acsmufBuD;xJokdY usvkeD;eD; jzpfoGm;\/ r,foDv&ifav;rsm;onf tvefYwMum;
atmf[pf&if; vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;qGJxm;vdu
k fMuonf/
]]awmuf . . . 'Dvrf;u odyfqdk;aeygvm;/ 'De,fu t&m&SdawG tdyfaeMuw,f xifw,f/ 'Dvrf;udk jyifzdkY
aumif;aejyD/ bmrS toHk;ruswJh vlawGyJ}}
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh ab;z,fay;vdkufaom vifh[lcsKH;tm; r,foDv&ifrsm;u jzwfausmfoGm;Mu\/
vifh[lcsKH;u tomav; apmifhMunhfaevdkuo
f nfwGif r,foDv&ifrsm; wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf
jzwfausmfoGm;onf/ &Dvifu olYtm; jzwfausmfoGm;onftxd apmifhaeNyD;rS &Dvihfaemufem;rS uyfvkdufoGm;\/
',D;',dkifjzihf avQmufaeaom vifh[lcsKH;aMumifh r,foDv&iftm;vHk; pdwfnpfaeMuawmh\/
olYajcvSrf;rsm;rSm aES;vSonfvnf;r[kwf/ tvdkufoifh cyfjrefjref avQmufaeojzifh tm;vHk;u
atmifhtnf;onf;cHNyD; vdkufaeMuonf/ olwkdYu pdwfqkd;&tcuf? &,f&tcuf BuHKaeMuawmh\/
pdwfr&Snfawmhaom r,foDv&if wpfyg;u ]]ppfAdkvfBuD;uvJ b,fvkd avQmufaewmvJ . . . odyfaES;wmyJ/
cyfoGufoGuf avQmufprf;yg}}
&Dvifurl ]]tpfr&d[dk . . . ppfAdkvfBuD;udk oGm;ravmygeJU/ awmfawmfMum avmBuD;NyD; avQmufvkdufawmhrS
acsmufBuD;xJ usoGm;&if uRefrwkdYyJ pdwfraumif; jzpfae&OD;r,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf &Dvif\ tjypfuif;vSaom pum;oHav;rsm;aMumifh ESrav; wpfa,mufozG,f
cspfcifMuifempdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;ay:vmawmhonf/ olYpdwfxJrS Budwf qHk;jzwfvdkufonf/
]]'Dawmifukef;ay:rSm &efolawGcsnf;yJ/ &Dvif&JU touf . . . olY&JU *dkPf;wl nDtpfrawG&JU toufudkyg
igu umuG,f&awmhr,f}}
&Dvifu ]]tpfr &Dcsif; . . . ppfAdkvfBuD;&JU ajcvSrf;awGu acsmfcsifaew,f/ wu,fvdkY ppfAdkvfBuD;
ajcacsmfvJoGm;&if tpfru zrf;qGJay;ygaemf}}
]]&DvifuvJ . . . MuHMuHzefzef . . . olYukd,fvHk;eJY ighudk,fvHk; ,SOfMunfhygOD;/ igu olYudk qGJxm;Ekdifygh
rvm;/ igygusoGm;rSmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u a'gESifh armESifh ajymvdku\
f /
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
692
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;wkdY r,foDv&ifawGu pum;ajymwm w,fdkif;ygvm;/ vlBuD;olrudk dkao&aumif;rSef;vJ rodbl;/

ighvdk ppfAdkvfBuD;wpfa,mufudk 'DvdkyJ rdkrao ajymaeMuw,f/ ppfyGJxJrSmqkd&if igb,favmuf
xnf0gcefYnm;w,fqkdwm rif;wkdY jrifaphcsifw,f/ 'grS ightpGrf;udkodNyD; dkaoav;pm;&aumif;rSe;f odoGm;r,f/
igvkd ppfAdkvfBuD;wpfa,mufu 'Davmuf awmifukef;uav;udk *kpdkufr,f xifovm;/ onfhxufaMumufp&m
aumif;wJh axmifacsmuf? ql;anSmifhcvkwf rkdif;usif;awGudkawmif igu tomuav; jzwfausmfEdkifwm/ 'Dvkd
acsmufBuD;xJudk ajcacsmfusyghrvm;/ . . . [Jh . . . [Jh . . . trav; . . . vkyfMuygOD; . . . ighudk wGJMuygOD;}}
ajym&if;qkd&if;uae vifh[lcsKH;onf cJvHk;uav;wpfvHk;udk eif;rdNyD; acsmfvJoGm;awmh\/ aemufzufodkY
vJusoGm;NyD; acsmufxJodkY usoGm;ygu olYaemufrS ygvmaom r,foDv&ifrsm;twGuf tawmfuav;
'kursm;oGm;ayvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf &Dvifu ajcum;,m; vufum;,m; jzpfaeaom vifh[lcsKH;udk vSrf;qGJxm;
vdkufojzifh tm;vHk; oufom&m &oGm;awmh\/
onfawmhrS olYaemufrS r,foDv&ifrsm;vJ [if;ueJ oufjyif;csvdkufEkdifawmhonf/ &Dvif\ vufudkwGJ
vifh[lcsKH;u rwfwwf&yfvdkufonf/ apmapmydkif;u tvGefw&m yHkysufyef;ysuf jzpfcJhonfudk r,foDv&if
av;rsm;tm;vHk; wcpfcpfESifh &,farmaeMuawmh\/
olYudk,fol aumif;pGm xdef;Ekdifaomtcg &Dvif\ vufuav;udk vTwfvdkufum vifh[lcsKH;u yg;pyfrS
wzspfawmufawmuf jrnfwGefvdkufonf/
]]om;a&zdeyfu odyfav;wm/ zdeyfudkrEdkifvdkY tckvdk jzpfoGm;wmaygh/ rif;wkdYvdk ydwfzdeyf yg;yg;uav;
awGom pD;xm;&if b,fajcacsmfusvdrhfrvJ/ aemufNyD; igu atmufudk wu,fus oGm;ao;wmrS r[kwfwm . .
. bm&,fp&m &SdvkdYvJ}}
&Dvifuawmh ]][kwfwmaygh/ ppfAdkvfBuD;u ppfzdeyftxlBuD; pD;xm;awmh awmifwufvrf;rSm tcuftcJ
awGUwmaygh}}
]]at; . . . [kwfw,f/ . . . awmifwufvrf;eJY ighzdeyf tav;BuD;u wu,fhudk rvdkufzufwJh udpyJ/
'gayr,fh 'DppfzdeyfBuD;u igeJY b,favmuf cHhnm;ovJ/ b,favmuf Munfhaumif;ovJ/ rif;wkdYvkd
ydwfzdeyfuav; 0wfxm;&if igb,f'Davmuf cefYnm;ygawmhrvJ}}
tcktcsdeftxd ppfAdkvfBuD;qkdaom t&Sdeft0gudk [efyefxkwfcsifaeao;onfh yHkpHudkMunfh&if; r,foDv&if
av;rsm;rSm ydk &,farmrdMuawmh\/ xkdpOfrSmyif [efqef;*dkPf;rS aemufqHk;tokwfonf awmifajcodkY
a&mufaeMuavNyD/ a&SUqHk;tokwfurl awmifukef;xdyfem;odkY a&mufvkeD;aeayNyD/
awmifukef;xdyef m;rS r,foDv&ifav;rsm; owdrvpfpdrfhaomiSm vifh[lcsKH;u atmf[pf owday;vdkuf
onf/
]]a[h . . . a&SUqHk;u r,foDv&ifav;awG owdxm;Muaemf/ 'Dwpf0kdufrSm ckd;aMumifcdk;0Suf vkyfwwfwJh
acG;olcdk;awG odyfrsm;w,f/ awmfawmfMum rif;wdkY yifyifyef;yef; tvSLcHxm;&wJh aiGpav;awGudk acG;olcdk;awG
vkoGm;OD;r,f}}
&dcsif;u &,fvkdufNyD; ]]uRefrwkdYem;rSm ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufv;Hk &SdaerSawmh b,facG;olcdk;udk
aMumuf&OD;rSmvJ/ uRefrwkdYudk b,fvlqdk;awGu xd&JrSmvJ}}
&dcsif;\ pum;udk vifh[lcsKH;rSm *krpkdufEkdif/ a&SUqHk; tokwftwGuf pdwfylae&ojzifh awmifukef;xdyfodkY
vSrf;arQmf Munfh&if; atmf[pfvdkuf\/
]]owdxm;Mu/ aumif;aumif; owdxm;Mua[h/ [dk;tay:rSm acG;olckd;wpfa,muf jyLwpfjyLwpf
vkyfaewmudk awGUovkdyJ/ igawmh oHo, ruif;bl;/ a&SUqHk;u r,foDv&ifav;awG . . . vufeufawG
tqifoifh jyifxm;awmha[h}}
odkYaomf r,foDv&ifav; wpfa,mufu ]]ppfAdkvfBuD;u w,fvQm&Snfygvm;/ uRefrwkdYu 'Dolckd;"g;jyawG
udk aMumufae&rSmvm;/ . . . [if; . . . [efqef;*dkPf;udkxd&if olwkdYyJ 'kujzpfoGm;rSmaygh}}
olrpum; rqHk;rDyif a&SUqHk;rS rdef;uav; 2 a,mufrSm atmf[pfvkdufNyD; nnf;nLvJus oGm;awmh\/
taemufzufrS r,foDv&ifav;rsm;u qD;BudKayGUzuf vdkuf&\/ xkdYaemufwGifawmh a&SUqHk; tokwf\
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
693
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
atmf[pfowday;oHrsm; <uuf<uufnH oGm;avawmh\/

]]vlqdk;awG . . . olcdk;awG . . . vufeufykef;eJY ypfw,f/ owdxm;Mu}}
xdktcdkufrSmyif aemufwpfa,muf vdrfhusoGm;jyefonf/ &d[dku atmf[pf trdefYay;vdkuf\/
]]tm;vHk; 0yfMu . . . &yfraeMueJY . . . vsKdU0Sufvufeufukd owdxm;Mu}}
&d[dk\ trdefYtwkdif; tm;vHk;yif 0yfvkdufMu\/ ,cktajctaewGif &d[dk\ pDrHcefYcGJyHkonf taumif;qHk;
cefYcGJvdkufjcif; jzpfawmh\/ rwfwwf&yf aejcif;tm;jzifh ypfrSwfrsm; xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaeNyD; &efolrsm;u
tvG,fwul wdkufckdufEdkif ayvdrhfrnf/ 0yfaevkdufjcif;tm;jzifh ypfrSwfrsm; usOf;oGm;ojzifh &efolu
tvG,fwul rwkdufckdufEkdifawmhay/
vifh[lcsKH;url atmf[pfae\/
]]acG;olckd;awG . . . twifh&JvSacsvm;uG/ igvkd ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufvHk; &Sdaewmawmif 'Dvkd vkyfMuH0HhMu
ovm;/ awGUr,f . . . igeJY awGUr,f/ ightpGrf; b,favmuf&SdovJ qkdwmudk rif;wkdYudk jy&ao;wmayghuGm}}
&Dvifurl vifh[cl sKH;\ vufudk qGJcsvsuf pdwfylyefpGm ajym&Sm\/
]]ppfAdkvfMuD; . . . rxeJYav . . . 0yfaevkdufyg}}
[efqef;*dkPf;rS wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf a&SUzufwGif &efolrsm; &Sdaeonfqkdaom owif;udk
Mum;&aomtcg aemufqHk;tkyfpkrS a&SUqHk;odkY ajy;vTm;ckefwuf vmawmh\/
olru vltkyfBuD;\ OD;acgif;rsm;ay:rS ckefysHausmfvTm;NyD; a&SUqHk;wyfOD;odkY ckefausmf xGufoGm; avawmh
onf/ olYacgif;ay:rS ckefausmfoGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u atmf[pfvkduf\/
]]ukefygNyD . . . ukefygNyD/ ighrSm&SdorQ bkef;uHawGawmh ukefygNyD/ rdef;rawG acgif;ay:u ckefausmfoGm;rSawmh
b,fu bkef;uH usefawmhrvJ}}
xkdpOf wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;qDodkY vufeufykef;rsm; ajy;0ifvmMu\/ olru tusvufp&SnfBuD;udk
wpfcsufrQ ,rf;cgvkdufonfwGif vsKdU0Sufvufeufrsm;onf avvIdif;dkufcwfrIaMumifh ab;bufodkY vGifhpOf
xGufukefawmhonf/ olr\ odkif;ynm rnfrQjrifhrm;aMumif; okyfjyoGm;onfESifhyif wlvSao;awmhonf/
wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;\ udk,fazmhokid f;ESifh twGif;tm;jynfh0yHkudk awGUjrifvdkuf&aomtcg [efqef;
*dkPf;om;rsm;twGuf pdwfoufom&m &oGm;awmh\/
]]tif; . . . 'Dr,foDv&ifBuD;&JU okdif;ynmu tawmfuav; aumif;om;yJ/ 'gqkd&if &DvifwkdYtwGuf
awmfao;wmaygh . . . odkif;ynm odyfraumif;wJh vluom acgif;aqmifvm&if wpfa,mufrS touf&SifzdkY
vrf;rjrifbl;}}
xdktcsdefwGif wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;onf awmifukef;xdyfodkY a&mufoGm;avNyD/ olrajccsvkduo
f nfESifh
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avwkd;oHudk em;axmifvkdufonfESifh wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;u xdkwkwfonf omref opfom;wkwf
r[kwfyJ oHwkwfjzpfaMumif; odvkdufonf/ oHwkwf&Snf\ dkufcsufudk olru abbufodkY a&Smifay;vkduf
aomtcg ab; 2 zufrS vSH&Snf 2 vufu xkd;pdkufvmjyef\/
vufeufrJh ckcH&ef rjzpfawmhojzifh wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;u "g;udk qGJxkwfum vSHwpfacsmif;udk ab;odkY
z,fxkwfvdkuf&onf/ xkdtcdkufrSmyif oHww
k f&Snfu olr\ OD;acgif;&Sd&modkY 0ifvmjyefonf/
wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;rSm xlyloGm;awmh\/ awmifukef;xdyfrS vlqkd;rsm;rSm omrn vlqkd;rsm; r[kwf?
wu,fh xdyfoD;odkif;orm; 3 a,mufxufrenf;u ykef;ckdapmifhqkdif; aeayonf/ olrtzkdY xkdae&mrS a&SUwufzkdY
ta&;rSm tvGefw&m cufcJvSaom udpBuD; jzpfayawmhonf/
xdktckdufrSmyif ausmufwkH;BuD;rsm; vdrfhusvmaom toHESifhtwl atmufzufrS r,foDv&ifav;rsm;\
xdwfvefYwMum; atmf[pfoHrsm; vGifhysHvmawmh\/ awmifukef;xdyfrS &efolrsm;u ausmufwHk;BuD;rsm;udk
vSdrfhcsvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;u aemufodkYqw
k f&if; atmf[pf trdefYay;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
694
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tm;vHk; aemufjyefqkwf? awmifukef;atmufukd a&mufatmif jyefqif;Mu}}

olronf wu,fhacgif;aqmifaumif; yDoayonf/ zdwdkufvmaom &efolrsm;udk txD;wnf; umuG,f&if;
*dkPf;om;rsm;udk vGwf&modkY jyefqkwf&ef trdefYay;vdkufonf/ xkdpOfrSmyif awmifukef;atmufzufrS vufeufcsif;
dkufcwfoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
aoG;ysufzG,f&m tajctaeyif/ &efolrsm;onf awmifxdyfESifh awmifatmufwGif wyfykef;rsm;csvsuf
nyfyl;nyfydwf wkdufcdkufaeMujcif;yif jzpfonf/ rMumrDyif aemufqHk;tkypf krS owif;ydkY vmawmhonf/
]]q&mrBuD; . . . awmifukef;atmufrSm &efolawG odyfrsm;aew,f/ xkeJYxnfeJY ydwfqkdYxm;awmh
xkd;azmufvdkY r&avmufatmif jzpfaew,f}}
tjyif;txef ckcaH e&if;rS wifhusifh r,foDv&ifBuD;u a'gowBuD;jzifh awmufacgufrdvdkuf\/
]]awmfawmf,kwfrmwJh aumifawG? tvpfacsmif;NyD;awmhvJ wkdufao;w,f/ txufatmufvJ
nyfwdkufao;w,f . . . owdr&SdwJh aumifawG}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh csufcsif;yif aemufqHk; tkyfpk&Sd&modkY olronf ajy;oGm;jyef\/ olYae&mwGif
[efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&ifav;rsm;u tpm;xkd;ae&m,lvsuf oufpGefYqHzsm; wdkufckduf&jyefonf/
awmifukef;atmufajcodkY a&mufaomtcg oHwlBuD;wpfckESifh BuD;rm;aom "g;BuD;udk udkifaqmifxm;onfh
&efol 2 a,mufudk tvsifOD;pGm awGUqHk&avonf/ tvGefw&m usOf;ajrmif;vSonfh ae&mrSm BuD;rm;
av;vHaom vufeufBuD;rsm;ESifh wkdufcdkufae&onfh &efolrsm;aMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;tcsKdU 'gPf&m&vsuf
&SdaeacsNyD/ usefaom *dkPf;om;rsm;onfvnf; &efolrsm;udk vHk;0xdk;azmufjcif; rjyKEkdifyJ aemufodkYom
wqkwfwnf; qkwfae&awmh\/ MumvQif a&SU&efolESifh aemuf&efolrsm;tMum; Mum;nyf aoukefacsawmhrnf/
ajrjyefYqkv
d Qif wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf wlBuD;udkifaqmifaom &efolESifh "g;BuD; udkifaqmifaom
&efolwkdYudk vG,fulpGm tEkdif,lEdkif ayvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf ,cka&mufaeonfh ae&mrSm vGefpGm usOf;ajrmif;vSojzifh
olr\ "g;okdif;udk tpGrf;ukef rxkwfEkdifacs/ xdkYaMumifh olronfvnf; aemufodkY qkwfvdkuf&awmh\/
odkYqkwfcGmae&if;rS olrpdwfxJwGif pOf;pm;um qHk;jzwfcsufwpfck csvdkufonf/ olaoudk,fao
taocH &Sif;vif;ygu awmifxdyfrS &efolrsm;udk &Sif;vif;&vG,frnf[k qHk;jzwfvdkuf\/ xkdYaMumifh awmifajcrS
rodrom cGmNyD; awmifxdyfodkY ckefvTm;wufoGm;jyef\/
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'kujzpfaeMuNyD r[kwfvm;}}
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xkdtawG;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ ESvHk;om;udk qkyfnpfacsaeouJhodkY jzpfaeawmhonf/ trSefpifppftm;jzifh
vifh[lcsKH;om c&D;vrf;odkY rvmcJhygu [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm nyfyl;nyfydwf twkdufcH&NyD; tukefvHk;
okwfoif&Sif;vif;jcif; cH&avmufayonf/
vifh[lcsKH; a&mufrvmvQifvnf; jzpfysufrnfhudpyif/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;rSm olwpfyg;tm; ulnDvdkpdwf
&Sdonfhtjyif rulnDEdkifvQif olYtjypfruif;[k tpGJ&Sdojzifh pdwfqif;&Jae&jcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ ol&Jaumif;pdwf"gwfonf [kef;ueJ ay:xGufvmonf/
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rD;ukef,rf;ukefeJY olaoudk,faowkduf&if nDrav;&Dvif 'ku a&mufEkdifrvm;}}
ol&Jaumif;wkdY\ pdwf"gwfum; wpfcgwpf&HwGif El;nHhvSaom 0g*Grf;zwfuav;ESifh wl wpfcgwpf&HwGif
pdefoGm;ausmufoGm;yrm rmausmvSayonf/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
695
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfBuHjcif;
wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf awmifuke;f xdyfokdY wpfzefa&muf&Sd vmjyefacsNyD/ awmifxdyfodkY ra&mufrD
uav;wGif olr\acgif;xJodkY tawG;wpfck 0ifa&mufvm\/
]]igom 'DuaeY 'Dae&muae razmufxGufEkdif&ifawmh igwkdY[efqef;*dkPf;u vlawGtm;vHk; 'DrSm
aoukefawmhrSmyJ}}
xdktckdufrSmyif oHacsmif;&Snfwpfacsmif;u olr\ OD;acgif;qD dkufcsvm\/ wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u
udk,fudk tenf;i,fom wdrf;vkdufNyD; "g;a&mvlyg a&SUodkY w[kex
f dk; ckeftkyfvdkufawmh\/
onfwkdufuGufrsKd;onf tvGefw&m tE&m,frsm;vSaom olaoudk,fao wkdufuGufrsKd; jzpfonf/
&efoltm; ckeftkyfcGifh&&ef oHacsmif;&Snfudk tenf;i,fav;om uyfa&Smifvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ oHacsmif;&Snftm;
vGwfvGwfuif;uif;jzpfatmif a&Smifygu [efcsufysufoGm;NyD; &efoltm; ckeftkyf&ef tcGifhtvrf; &awmhrnf
r[kwfay/ ,ckvkd tenf;i,fom uyfa&Smifvkduf jcif;tm;jzifh vGwfoGm;vQifawmh &efoludk okwfoifEkdif
ayvdrfhrnf/ rvGwfvQifawmh olraoqHk;oGm;Edkifonf/
wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ olaoudk,fao wkdufuGufqefaom tuGufaMumifh oHacsmif;&Sno
f rm;rSm
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onf/ olr\ "g;onfvnf; &efo\
l eHMum;xJodkY pdkuf0ifoGm;awmh\/
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atmf[pfvdkufNyD; vufoD;ESifh xkd;csvkdufonfwGif wifhusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ "g;rSm xufydkif;usKd;oGm;awmh
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vSHorm; 2 a,mufteuf wpfa,mufu &d[dkudk wkdufckdufvdkufNyD; usefwpfa,mufu wifhusihf
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ckcH&awmh\/ csufcsif;vdkyif "g;udkifol &efol 2 a,mufESifh oHrPdwkwfudkifaom &efolaemufwpfa,muf
ckefxGufvmMujyefonf/
olwkdYu wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;wkdufcdkufawmh\/ vufeufrJhodkif;ynmjzifh tjyif;txef
ckcHygaomfvnf; olrrSm vufeufrJh jzpfaeojzifh wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm cHppfoufoufjzifhom a&Smifwdrf;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
696
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u BuHK;0g; atmf[pfvkdufonf/

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b,favmuf ckcHEkdifrvJqkdwm MunfhMuwmaygh}}
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wufoGm;&if ppfAdkvfBuD;udk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY olwkdYu owfypfvkdufvdrhfr,f/ ab;uif;&efuif;atmif aeyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &ifywfudk aumhjyvdkufonf/
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&Dvifu pdwfxJrS ajymaerdonf/
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rodygvm;}}
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vSHcsufrdawmhrwwf jzpfoGm;\/ &d[dku uref;uwef; aemufodkY ckefqkwfum a&Smifvkduf&awmh\/ xkdtcg
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wpfa,mufukd jrifvdkuf&aomtcg aMumifoGm;NyD; vSHudk wHkYueJ &yfvkdufrdonf/ taotcsm xyfMunfhvkduf
aomtcgwGif trSefwu,f ppfAdkvfBuD;wpfa,muf jzpfaeaMumif; awGUvdkuf&awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;udk vSHjzifh csdefxm;&if; ar;vkdu\
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rw&m; vkyfaewmudk igu vufykdufNyD; Munhfaer,frsm; xifaeovm;/ acG;olckd;awG rif;wkdYtm;vHk;ukd
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vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom [efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&ifav;rsm;uawmh acgif;w,rf;,rf;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
697
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;udk vSrf;Munfhvdkuf&m tajctae qdk;0g;jcif;r&SdyJ aumif;pGm ckcHEkdifao;onfudk

awGUojzifh vifh[lcsKH; pdwfat;oGm;onf/ odyftavmwBuD; rwkdufckdufao;yJ olYtm; l;aygayg ppfAdkvfBuD;[k
xifap&ef atmf[pf Budrf;armif; aejyefawmhonf/
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tjypfay;r,f/ r&Sdcdk;&ifawmh rif;wkdY acG;olckd;awG tm;vHk;ukd igu acgif;jzwfowfypfr,f}}
&d[dkrSm vGefpGm pdwfqif;&J oGm;awmh\/ wpfzufwGif &efvlwpfa,mufudk ckcHumuG,fae&if;rSm
vifh[lcsKH;tm; &efjyKrnfhvludkvnf; owdxm;ae&\/ odkYaMumifhrdkY olru "g;uGufcif;um apmifhMunfhaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;udk &efowKk jyKvdkufonfESifh 0ifa&mufumuG,f&ef toifhjyifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ l;l;aygayg
ajymcsif&m ajymaeojzifh wpfzuf&efolu a'goxGufNyD; xkd;owfrnfudk &d[kdu pdk;&drfae\/
vifh[lcsKH;uawmh ol\ "g;tdrfrS "g;udk twif;qGJcRwfjyef\/ yg;pyfrSvnf; qJqkda&Gwfaeao;\/
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rif;wkdYaumifawGavmufawmh uav;upm;p&mavmuf rSwfw,fuG/ tckvnf; rif;wdkYtzkdY oufomr,f
rSwfovm;/ toufukd zufeJYom xkyfxm;Muayawmh}}
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udk,fvHk;onf a&SUodkY ,drf;xkd;xGufoGm;avawmhonf/
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oHkYyef;onf aemifwpfcsdefwGif jyemrsm; ajz&Sif;&ef aumif;pGm taxmuftyHh ay;ayvdrhfrnf/
xdktcsdefwGif &efolYzufrS vl 3 a,muf ckef0ifvmjyD; olwkdYvltm; u,fwif&ef BudK;pm;awmhonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
698
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
699
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700
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701
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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]]awmfygao;&JU . . . tqdyfawG ajyoGm;NyD/ raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u aumifawG&JU pum;qdkwm wpfcGef;rS
,HkvdkY rjzpfbl;/ tckawmh olwkdY*dkPf;om;awG igwkdYvufxJ&SdaevdkY ajzaq;ay;wm jzpfrSm}}
&efolYokHYyef; 5 a,mufukd csufcsif;yif olru vTwfay;vdkuf\/ NyD;aemuf olr\ wynhfrrsm;udk
ajymvdkufonf/
]]uJ . . . tm;vHk; [dkem;u opfyifBuD;atmufrSm cPxkdifNyD; tem;,lMuOD;}}
olrurl ausmufwHk;BuD; wpfwHk;ay:wGif wpfa,mufwnf; xdkifcsvkdufNyD; pmwpfapmif a&;om;vdkufonf/
a&;NyD;oGm;aomf cdkwpfaumifudk avSmiftdrfwGif;rS xkwf,lum cdk\ ajcaxmufwGif pmudk csnfvdkuf\/ NyD;aemuf
vufvTwfvdkufaomtcg ckdav;u avxJ ysHwufoGm;awmhonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk ai;MunfhaeMuonf/ q&mrBuD;
pdwftaESmift
h ,Suf jzpfoGm;rnf pdk;ojzihf wpfa,mufrS toHrxGuf&JMuyJ NidrfoufwdwfqdwfaeMu\/
,cktcsdefwGif olwkdYtm;vHk;\ OD;aESmufrsm;xJwGif wlnDaom todwpfck &Sdonf/ olwkdYtm;vHk; aoGmjyefrsm;
jzpfMuonf qdkjcif;yifwnf;/
apmapmwkef;u wkdufyGJonf yHkrSefwkdufyGJ r[kwfacs/ wpfzuf&efolrsm;u tuGuftuGif;aumif;aom
tay:pD;&aom ajrtaetxm;rS apmifhBudKNyD; tidkufzrf;wkducf kdufjcif; jzpfojzifh wpftkyfpkvHk;
toufqHk;HI;oGm;Ekdifonf/ l;aygayg ppfAdkvfBuD;om r&SdcJhvQif . . . tm;vHk;u acgif;,rf;vdkufonf/
tawG;udkyif awG;Ekdifawmhrnfr[kwfacs/ &ifwkefzG,faumif;vSaom wkdufyGJygay/ wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;u
pmwpfapmif a&;aejcif;rSm wdkufyGJtajctaeudk *dkPf;csKyfq&mrBuD;jzpfonfh wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifBuD;tm;
wifjytoday;vdkufjcif;om jzpf&ayrnf/
xdkpOf [efqef;*dkPf;twGif;rS touf 16 ESpfcefYom &Sdao;aom rdef;uav; wpfa,mufonf
wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;xH avQmufvm\/ r,foDv&ifBuD;u xdkrdef;uav;\acgif;udk MuifempGm
yGwfoyfvkduNf yD;
]]csifuRrf; . . . rif;apmapmwkef;u aMumufaeovm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
702
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csifuRrf;u acgif;ndwfjyvkdufonf/
]]aMumufawmh aMumufw,f q&mrBuD; . . . 'gayr,fh [dkppfAdkvBf uD;u odyfNyD; owd&SdwmyJaemf/ olY&JU
okdif;ynmu wu,faumif;w,f/ uRefrwkdYu Munhfaeayr,fh bmawGrSef;awmh rodbl;/ Iyf&SufcwfaewmyJ/
aemufqHk; olYacgif;udkawmif olYzmom jyefdkufrdoGm;ao;w,f}}
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf csifuRrf;ESihf wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD; pum;ajymae&modkY 0dkif;tHkvmMu
awmhonf/ csifuRrf;rSm wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;\ aemufqHk;ydwf wynfhruav;jzpfonf/ wifhusihf
r,foDv&ifBuD;\ wynfhr 10 a,mufteuf 6 a,mufrSm r,foDv&ifrsm; jzpfMujyD; 4 a,mufrSm omref
t&yfol rdef;uav;rsm; jzpfMu\/ csifuRrf;onf omreft&yfol rdef;uav;rsm;xJrS jzpfonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;\
toufti,fqHk; *dkPf;0ifav;vJ jzpf\/
&d[dku 0if ajymonf/
]]olY&JU odkif;uGufawGu Iyf&Sufcwfaewmawmh rSefw,f/ 'gayr,fh [muGufr&Sdbl;/ tJonfvkd
vkyfxm;Edkifwmudku odyfawmfaejyD/ . . . q&mrBuD; . . . tJ'D ppfAdkvfBuD;u b,f*dkPf; b,ftzGJYu jzpfEkdif
ovJ[if}}
wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;u acgif;,rf;vkdufjyD;
]]igom enf;enf;yg;yg; cefYrSef;Edkif&if 'Dvkd b,fpdk;&drfaeawmhrvJ/ 'Dvl&JU odkif;ynmu xufjrufvGe;f
tm;BuD;w,f/ tEdIif;tq r&Sdbl;}}
xdkYaemufwGifawmh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf wpfa,mufwpfayguf a0zefaeMuawmh\/ wifhusihf
r,foDv&ifBuD;url acgif;iHkY tawG;eufaeonf/ twefMumrS vltkyftjyifzufwGif wpfa,mufwnf; &yfNyD;
ai;armaeaom &Dviftm; vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]&Dvif . . . rif;ajymzl;w,f/ . . . vifh[lcsKH;&JU odkif;ynmu xifaygudkawmif rrDbl;wJh [kwfovm;}}
wifhusihfr,foDv&ifBuD;\ rarQmfvifhaom ar;cGef;aMumifh &DvifrSm wpfcsufrQ aMumifoGm;\/ csufcsif;yif
olr\ yg;jyifav;rSm eD&JoGm;awmhonf/ tjcm;ol wpfa,mufa,mufu vifh[lcsKH;\ emrnfudk ac:vdkufwkdif;
&DviftzkdY ESvHk;ckef jrefvmonfom jzpf\/ xdkodkY &ifckefrdwkdif; olrrSm jypfrIwpfckck usL;vGefovdk cHpm;&rd\/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\ taMumif;udk Mum;rdwkdif; em;xJwGif vGefpGm csKdjrdefonfrSmvnf; trSefyif jzpfonf/
&Dvifonf cPrQ NidrfoufaeNyD;aemuf
]][kwfuJh q&mrBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;&JU okdif;ynmu xifaygudk rrSDygbl;/ oluRefrudk
u,fwkef;u xifayg&JU "g;csufawGudk tawmfrsm;rsm; txdcHvdkuf&ygw,f/ uHaumif;vkdY raowmyg}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u rnfonfhpum;udkrQ qufrajymawmhay/ twefMumaomtcg wynfhr
tm;vHk;udk tem;,ltyd fpufckdif;vdkufawmhonf/
aemufwpfaeYwGif olwdkYtm;vHk; c&D;qufMuonf/ naeydkif;odkYa&mufaomtcg Gmav;wpfGmodkY
a&mufvmawmh\/ GmxJ 0ifvkdufonfhtcsdefwGif ae0if&Dwa&m jzpfaeavNyD/ [efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;yif
xl;xl;qef;qef; cHpm;vdkuf&\/
wpfGmvHk;wGif vlwpfa,mufrQ rawGU&acs/ &d[kdu ajymvkduf\/
]]'DGmuvJ xl;qef;vSacsvm;/ ae0ifwmeJY wpfGmvHk; tdyfukefyvm; rodbl;}}
r,f}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u ]]uJ . . . wnf;cdkcef; wpfckudk t&ifqHk; &SmMu/ wnf;ckdcef;a&mufrS tem;,l&
[efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;onf olwkdYq&mrBuD;\ trdefYtwkdif; wnf;ckdcef;udk vdkuf&SmMuonf/

qkdifcef;wkdif; wHcg;rsm; ydwfxm;Muonfudk jrif&aomtcg tHhMopdwfrsm; ay:vmawmh\/ aemufqHk;
qkdifcef;wpfckudk wHcg;wGef;zGifh r&aomtcg eH&HrS ckefausmf0ifjyD;rS a&SUwHcg;rBuD;udk zGifhvdkufEdkifMuonf/
qkdifwGif;a&mufaomtcg qkdif\ tajctaeudk aocsmpGm avhvmMuawmh\/ &dumypnf;rsm;ESifh
yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm; tpHktvif &Sdaeonfhtjyif a&aEG;u&m;xJrS a&aEG;rsm;yif ylylaEG;aEG; &Sdaeao;onfudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
703
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awGU&awmh\/
xl;jcm;aeonfh tajctaeaMumifh wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm ouFmruif; jzpfvmawmh\/ tE&m,f
taiGUtoufudk &vdkufojzifh olYwynhfrrsm;udk vSrf;ac:vdkufonf/
]]7 a,mufpD tzGJYzGJYjyD; GmwpfGmvHk;&JU tajctaeudk oGm;avhvmMuprf;/ bmjzpfvdkY wpfGmvHk; tckvkd
vlr&Sd? olr&Sd jzpfae&wmvJ qkdwmudk pHkprf;cJh/ 7 a,muftzGJUawGu vHk;0 vlpk ruGJ&bl;/ &efolawGU&if
avcRefNyD; tcsufay;/ igajymwm &Sif;w,f r[kwfvm;/ . . . uJ . . . tm;vHk; oGm;NyD; pHkprf;ayawmh}}
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf 7 a,mufwpfzGJYpD xGufoGm;Muawmh\/ twefMumaomtcg tzGJYtoD;oD;
jyefa&mufvmjyD; &d[dku tajctaeudk jyefvnf tpD&ifcHvdkufonf/
]]q&mrBuD; . . . 'D&GmxJrSm vlrajymeJY/ acG;wpfaumif aMumifwpfNrD;awmif r&Sdbl;}}
&dcsif;uvnf; ]]tajctae tuJcwf&wmawmh 'DGmxJuvlawGu tavmoHk;q,f xGufoGm;MuyHkyJ/
tdrfwkdif;tdrfwkdif; ajc&mvuf&m rysufbl;}}
olwkdYu qefrsm;udk xkwf,lum csufjyKwfpm;aomufMuonf/ xkdtcdkufrSmyif ta&SUajrmuft&yfrS
rdef;uav; wpfa,muf\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufoHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ wpfpHkwpfckaom
ab;tE&m,faMumifh aMumufGHUwkefvIyfpGm atmfvdkufaom toHyifwnf;/
]]u,fMuygOD;&Sif . . . u,fMuygOD;}}
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaom ntcsdefwGif toHudk us,favmifpGm Mum;vdkuf&onf/ qkdifcef;twGif; &Sdaom
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; tm;vHk;u xkdtoHudk yDyDooBuD; Mum;vdkufMuonf/ &dcsif;ESifh tzGJUom; 6
a,mufwkdYonf toHxGufay:vm&modkY csufcsif; ajy;xGufoGm; Muawmhonf/
twefMumatmif wpfa,mufrQ jyefrvmMuacs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm ezl;aMumrsm; axmifvmavNyD/
xkdpOf &d[dku cGifhawmif;vdkuf\/
]]q&mrBuD; . . . tajctae b,fvkdrSef; rodbl;/ uRefrwdkY 7 a,mufudk oGm;NyD; pHkprf;cGifhjyKyg}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u acgif;ndwfjyvdkuf\/ &d[dkwdkY tzGJUvnf; xGufoGm;jyef\/ xkdtzGJYvnf;
pkyfpjrKyfp aysmufuG,foGm;jyefonf/ wpfa,mufrQ jyefrvmacs/
twefMumaomtcg apmapmu rdef;uav; atmfoHudk xyfrHMum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
]]u,fMuygOD; . . . u,fMuygOD;}}
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;tm;vHk; wpfa,mufrsufESm wpfa,muf MunfhrdMuawmhonf/ xdkrdef;uav;onf
tb,faMumifh xyfrHatmf[pf &jyefoenf;/ &dcsif;wkdYtzGJU rnfonfhtwGufaMumifh jyefa&mufrvm&oenf;/
wdkYtzGJu taMumif; wpfpHkwpf&maMumifh jyefvnf owif;rydkYEdkifvQif &Sdapawmh/ &d[dkwdkYtzGJUvnf; tb,faMumifh
jyefvnf owif;rykdYEdkif jzpf&oenf;/
tu,f &efolESifh xdyfwkduf&ifqkdif wkd;MuvQif atmf[pfwkdufckdufoHrsm; rkcsMum;&ayvdrhfrnf/ odkYaomf
,ck rnfonfhatmfoHrQ rMum;Mu&acs/ rnfonfh ta&;tcif;aMumifh owif;jyefrydkYEkdif&oenf;/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u ]]&dqdk; . . . 'Dtajctaeudk igoabmrusbl;/ tckvdk Nidrfoufaewmu
rkefwkdif;ruscif jidrfoufaewmeJY wlw,f/ 'Dwpfcg rif;vdkufoGm;/ rif;u wnfNidrfawmh tajctae
b,favmufqkd;qkd;? xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf; vkyfEkdifr,fvkdY ig,Hkw,f/ taMumif;xl; wpfckck BuHKwmeJY ighqDudk
csufcsif;vlvTwfNyD; taMumif;Mum;ayawmh}}
&dqdk;rSm touf 40 eD;yg; &SdavjyD/ q&mrBuD;\ trdefY&aomtcg olr\tzGJYudk tcsufjyvkdufNyD;
&dcsif;ESifh &d[w
dk dkYaemuf vdkufoGm;avawmh\/
odkYaomf onf 7 a,mufonfvnf; a&uefxJodkY usoGm;aom ausmufwkH;rsm;ES,f wpfa,mufrQ
jyefrvmawmhacs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; vmavNyD/ apmapmu cHpm;vdkuf&onfh
tE&m,f taiGUtoufrsm;onf trSefwu,f jzpfvmrnfh jzpf&yfrsm;\ taiGUtoufrsm;yifwnf;/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm ausmcsrS "g;jyrSef; od&avNyD/ &efol\ axmifacsmuf twGif;odkY rdrd\
wynfhrrsm;tm; wpfokwfNyD; wpfokwf apvTwfrdcJhavNyD/ onfum; usm;cHwGi;f xJodkY vnfpif;ay;onfESifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
704
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twlwlyif jzpfaerSef; tcsdefaESmif;rS odvkduf&aom wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;um; wynfhrrsm;twGuf

pdk;&drfaomuyGm;vsuf aqmufwnf&m r&atmif jzpfvmawmhonf/
olru ]]&dusufeJY &dusif; . . . rif;wkdY 14 a,mufu 'DqkdifxJrmS yJ aeMu/ 'gPf&m&xm;wJh vlawGudk
apmifha&Smufxm;Mu/ tjyifrSm bmyJjzpfjzpf? bmoHyJ Mum;Mum; 'DqkdifxJu vHk;0 rxGuf&bl;}}
]][kwfuJh . . . q&mrBuD; . . . q&mrBuD;&JU trdefYtwkdif; wpfoa0rwdrf; aeyghr,f}}
]]aumif;NyD . . . usefwJhvlawGtm;vHk; ighaemufvdkufcJhMu/ &dcsif;? &d[dk? &dqkd;wkdYudk oGm;u,f&r,f}}
,ckawmh olrESifhtwl vdkufrnfhwynfhrSm 3 OD;rQom &Sdawmh\/ &Dvif? csifuRrf;ESifh usufyef;qdkaom
i,fG,fvSonfh rdef;uav;rsm;omjzpf\/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf "g;udk qGJxkwfvdkufNyD; toHMum;&
onfh ta&SUajrmuft&yfodkY ajy;xGufoGm;awmh\/ &DvifwkdY 3 a,mufuvnf; taemufrS xufMuyfruGm
vdkufoGm;Mu\/
tdrfcef;rsm;rSm arSmifrnf;aeNyD; rnfonfhtoHudkrQ rMum;&acs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u tdrfcef;
wpfcef;\ wHcg;udk ajcaxmufjzifh uefNyD; zGifhvdkuf\/
twGif;zuftcef;wGif arSmifrnf;aeojzifh t&rf;uma&m r0if&Jacs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u atmf[pf
ar;vkdufonf/
]]&dcsif;? &d[dk? &dqkd; . . . rif;wkdY txJrSm &Sdovm;}}
olr\ toHrSm us,favmifvSNyD; ta0;odkY vGifhysHa&mufoGm;onf/ xdkYaemuf awmifrsm;qDrS yJhwifxyfum
olrxHodkY jyefa&mufvm\/ odkYaomf rnfonfhxl;oHrQ rMum;&acs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u &DvifwkdY 3
a,muftm; vSnfhajymvdkufonf/
]]rif;wkdY 3 a,muf ighaemufu rcGmeJYaemf/ vHk;0 rcGmeJY/ ighaemufrSm uyfae/ vlcsif;uGJrcHeJY}}
olru "g;udk toifhtaetxm;jzifh udkifxm;vkdufNyD; tdrfcef;twGif;rSm wpfywfrQ vSnfhywf
MunfhIvdkufonf/ rnfonhfxl;jcm;csufrQ rawGU&acs/ acgifrdk;ay: ckefwufum av;zufav;wefodkY
Munfhvkdufjyefonf/ rnfonfhvIyf&Sm;rIrQ rawGU&acs/
xdktcdkuftwefYtav;rSmyif wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ pdwfwGif;wGif wpfpHkwpfckudk xdk;xGif;odjrif
vkdufawmh\/ tBuD;tus,f aemifw&vdkurf dawmhonf/
]]'Dvl,kwfrmawG[m tifrwef OmPfeDOmPfeuf rsm;wJhvlawG/ ighwynfhrav;awGudk tkyfpkcGJNyD;
csefrxm;oifhbl;/ . . . tckawmh . . . igrSm;NyD}}
tdrfacgifrdk;ay:rS csufcsif;ckefqif;um olwkdYpm;aomufqkdifcef;av;odkY tm;oGef ajy;rdjyefawmh\/
pm;aomufqdik ftwGif;wGif usefcJhaom wynfhrrsm;twGuf pdk;&drfylyefvSacsonfwum;/
qdkifcef;em; a&mufaomtcg atmf[pfar;jref;vkduf\/
]]&dusuf . . . &dusif; . . . rif;wkdY&Sdao;ovm;}}
rnfonfhwkHYjyefoHrQ rMum;&/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u aemufwpfBudrf atmf[pfvkdufjyefonf/
]]&dusuf . . . &dusif; . . . rif;wkdY&Sdao;ovm; . . . igar;wm rMum;bl;vm;}}
pm;aomufqdik ftwGif;rS rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&acs/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u qdkiftwGif;odkY 0kef;ueJ
ckef0ifvkduf\/ qkdiftwGif; vlwpfa,mufrQ r&Sdawmhacs/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
705
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm touftG,f BuD;&ifhNyD; tawGUtBuHKvnf; &ifhusufolwpfOD; jzpf\/

odkYapumrl rQ rsm;jym;aom wynfhrrsm; taMumif;&if;rodyJ aysmufjcif;rvS aysmufaeaomtcg
olr\pdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif rxdef;odrf;Ekdifawmhay/ wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwkef,if,if jzpfvmawmh\/ olru
oufjyif;wpfcsuf IdufvdkufNyD; pdwf"gwfrsm;udk jyefvnfwnfNidrfatmif BudK;pm;xdef;odrf; vdkuf&\/
twefMumaomtcgrS pdwfrsm; jyefvnfwnfNidrfoGm;onf/ pm;aomufqdik f ab;ywfvnfudk vSnfhywfum
oJvGefprsm; &SmazGvdkufaomtcg opfyifwpfyifatmuf zdeyfwpfzufudk awGUjrifvkduf&\/ zdeyfrSm
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; pD;avh&Sdaom zdeyfrsKd;yif jzpfonf/
&efolrsm;u [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk twif;tusyf zrf;qD;ac:aqmifomG ;MupOf uRwfusefcJhaom zdeyfyif
jzpfvdrfhrnf/ odkY awG;vkdufrdNyD;aemuf olESifhtwl ygvmaom wynfhr 3 a,muftm; csufcsif;
owd&vdkufrdojzifh
]]&Dvif . . . csifuRrf; . . . usufyef; . . . 'Dzdeyfudk vmMunhfprf; . . . b,folYzdeyfvJ}}
odkYaomf ntarSmifxJwGif olr\ toHwpfoHom yJhwifxyfrQ Mum;vdkuf&NyD; &DvifwkdY\ jyefvnfxl;oHudk
vHk;0rMum;&awmhacs/
wGif wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm olr\ ESvHk;om;rsm; tjyifzufodkY wpfNyHKwpfrBuD; ckefxGufvmovkd
cHpm;vdkuf&awmh\/ txdwfwvefYjzifh aemufjyefvSnfhajy;um vSnfhywf&SmazGrdawmhonf/ odkYaomf &Dvif?
csifuRrf;ESifh usufyef;wkdYrSm pkyfpjrKyfp aysmufoGm;MuacsNyDwnf;/
xdkpOf tdrfrsm;Mum;rS vl 7 a,muf kwfw&uf xGufay:vmMuawmh\/ &efolrsm;udk awGUvdkufonfwGif
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfoGm;\/ olYEIwfrS rnfonfhpum;rQ xGufay:rvmaomfvnf;
&ifxJurl ajymaerd\/
]]at; . . . rif;wkdY tckvdk xGufvmwm aumif;w,f/ igu ao&rSm raMumufbl;/ &efolrawGUyJeJY tl;vdk
[dkajy;onfajy; vkyfae&wmudk aMumufwm/ &efoludk rawGU&if ighwynfhrawGudk b,fvdk&SmrvJ/ aumif;w,f/
rif;wkdYxGufvmwm odyfaumif;w,f}}
xdkpum;rsm;onf olY&ifxJrS ajymvkdufonfh pum;rsm;om jzpfonf/ xdk&efol 7 a,mufonf rnfonfh
vufeufrQ udkifaqmifxm;jcif; r&SdaMumif; awGU&onfhtjyif pum;vnf; wpfcGef;rS rajymMuaMumif;
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u owdjyKvdkufrdonf/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u a'gojzifh ar;vdkuf\/
]]ighwynfhrawGudk rif;wkdYb,frSm zrf;xm;ovJ}}
xdkvl 7 a,mufu wHkPSdbma0 qdwfqdwfaeMu\/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u xyfrar;awmhay/ olr\
"g;jzifh pwifwkdufcdkufawmh\/ xkdvlrsm; teufrS wpfa,mufu 'dkif;BuD; wpfckudk kwfw&uf xkwf,lvkdufNyD;
ckcHay;vdkufonf/ tjcm;wpfa,mufurl vuftdwfBuD;wpftdwf pGyfvkdufum olr\"g;udk vk,lvkduf\/ "g;jzifh
ckwfjzwf rjywfEkdifaom vuftdwf jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;ESifh wdkufcdkufaeaom 7 a,muf pvHk;rSm xdyfoD; odkif;orm;csnf;jzpf olrrSm
rsm;rMumrDyif cHppfjzpfoGm;awmh\/ wjznf;jznf; vufyef;usvmonfESifhtrQ IH;&dyfjyvmawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
706
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ckcHwkdufckdufae&if;rS tdrfacgifrdk; wpfckay:wGif vl 30 cefY ykef;cdkaeMuaMumif; awGUvdkuf&jyefonf/

wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ pdwf"gwfrSm vHk;0 usqif;oGm;ayNyD/
]]igawmh IH;NyD/ 'D 7 a,mufudkawmif Ekdifatmif rwkdufEkdifbl;/ usefwJhvlawGudk b,fvdk ckcHEkdiaf wmhrSmvJ}}
olru wpfpHkwpf&mudk qHk;jzwfvkdufawmh\/ &efol\ tzrf;tqD;udk cHrnfhtpm; rdrdukd,fudk
owfao&efyif jzpfonf/ odkY qHk;jzwfvkduf NyD;onfESifh tm;ukefxkwf wdkufcdkufvdkufaomtcg &efolrsm;rSm
aemufodkY &SJoGm;Muawmh\/ xkdtcgusrS olr\ "g;udk aemufjyefvSef &if0odkY xdk;pdkufvdkuf\/
xdkwpf'*FtwGif; xefueJ toHwpfcsuf jrnfoGm;NyD; olr\ "g;rSm ab;odkY cg,rf;xGufoGm;awmhonf/
wpfqufwnf;yif a,mufsm;BuD;wpfa,mufonf wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD; ab;odkY ckefqif;a&muf&Sdvmawmh\/
]]q&mrBuD; . . . pdwf"gwfrusygeJY/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;u rdwfaqGawG a&mufvmygNyD}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm urf;rjrifvrf;rjrif arsmae&mrS urf;qG,faomifuRef;udk jrifvkduf&bdouJo
h dkY
cHpm;vdkuf&\/ ao;i,faom rD;yGm;uav;onf tarSmifxJwGif awmufy\ qkdaom pum;yrm xkdvl\
tm;ay;pum;onf arQmfvifhcsuf uif;rJhjcif;[laom tarSmifwdkufBuD; twGif;rS tm;udk;&m&jcif;wnf;[laom
rD;yGm;uav;yif jzpf\/
xkdrD;yGm;uav;onf ao;i,fonf rSefaomfvnf; 7 a,mufwpfa,muf aovkarsmyg; wkdufcdkufae&ol
wpfa,muftzdkY aerif;BuD;xHrS wpfvHk;wpfcJwnf; &vdkufaom tvif;a&mifBuD;ozG,f wefzdk;BuD;vSayonf/
ckefqif;a&muf&Sdvmolonf &efol 7 a,mufudk pwifwdkufckdufvu
dk fonf/ wpfqufwnf;wGifyif
acgifrdk;ay: 0yfvsKd;ykef;uG,f aeolrsm;onfvnf; ckefcsvdkufum xkd&efol 7 a,mufudk 0kdif;0ef; wdkufckduf
avawmh\/
xdktcg &efol 7 a,mufwkdYonf wkdufckdufae&if;rS pl;pl;&S&S avcReftcsufay;NyD; aemufjyefvSnfhajy;Mu
avawmh\/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
707
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
axmifacsmufqifNcif;
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u olr\ "g;udk "g;tdrftwGif; jyefvnfxkd;oGif;um odrf;qnf;vdkufonf/
jyD;onfESifh rdrdtm; 0ifa&mufu,fwifoludk vuftkyfcsD aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymMum;vdkuf\/
]]aemifBuD; csKH;usef; . . . tckvdk 0ifjyD; u,fwifay;wJhtwGuf trsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf olrtm; 0ifa&mufu,fwifonfhvludk od&SdNyD; jzpfacsonfwum;/
xdkvlBuD;rSm tjcm;ol r[kwf/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; usdvifxef\ *dkPf;wlnD csKH;usef;yif jzpfawmhonf/
csKH;usef;u jyefvnf tdktaoay;um NyHK;NyHK;&,f&,fjzifh
]]q&mrBuD;u wu,fawmfwmyJ/ raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;&JU ckepfpifMu,ftzGYJudk q&mrBuD; wpfa,mufwnf;
eJY ,SOfNyD;wkdufcdkufw,fqdw
k m wu,fawmh rvG,fbl;/ q&mrBuD;&JUokdif;ynm wu,faumif;vkdY tckvdk
wkdufcdkufEkdifwm}}
csKH;usef;\ pum;udk em;axmifjyD;aemuf wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm Za0Z0g jzpfvmawmh\/
]]raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;rSm tJonfvdk emrnfeJY tzGJUrsKd; &Sdw,fqkdwm igwpfcgrS rMum;zl;bl;}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifMuD;u jyefar;vkduf\/
]]uRefrudk rcsD;usL;ygeJUOD;/ tck zkusufe,fudk [efqef;*dkPf;u c&D;xGufvmwmrSm uRefru OD;aqmif
vmw,f/ 'DGmvJa&mufa&m tm;vHk; MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufukefawmhwmyJ/ aemifBuD;wkdY 'DGmt0ifrSm
bmrsm; Mum;rdao;ovJ/ uRefr&JU wynfhrav;awGrsm; rawGUrdbl;vm;}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm ES,fES,f&& q&mrBuD;wpfa,muf r[kwfay/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf wifh&Sef
q&mrBuD;\ *dkPf;wltpfrBuD;jzpf\/ *dkPf;csKyfq&mrBuD;xufyif 0gBuD;ao;onf/ pdwf"gwfuvnf; cufxef
rmaMumolwpfa,muf jzpfayonf/
aoG;at;oGm;NyD jzpfojzifh wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u at;aq;pGm csifhcsdefpOf;pm;vdkufonf/ apmapmydkif;u
&efolrsm;tjzpf rdrdtxifrSm;cJhol vl 30 rSm tu,fpifppf &efolrsm;r[kwfyJ aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;
jzpfaeonf/ olwkdYonf tapmBuD;uwnf;u a&muf&SdaeMuygvsuf 0ifrulnDMu/ aemufqHk;wGif rdrdzmom
owfao&ef BudK;pm;awmhrS 0ifa&muf wkdufcdkufay;Mu\/ onftcsufu rdrd\odumudk a&S;OD;pGm csvkdufjcif;
jzpfawmh\/ rdrdodumusNyD;awmhrS olwkdY\tpGrf;udkjyum 0ifuljcif; jzpfonf/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ &ifxJwGif rauseyfjcif;? emusnf;jcif;wkYd cHpm;vkduf&\/ odkYaomf
rdrdwm0ef,lvmaom wynfhr 40 ausmf 50 cefY kwfw&uf aysmufqHk;oGm;onfh 0efxkyf0efydk;BuD;onf
tvGefw&m BuD;rm;av;vHvSojzifh aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udkyif a&SUrsufESmaemufxm; atmufusKdUar;jref;
ae&jcif; jzpfawmh\/
csKH;usef;u ]]q&mrBuD; . . . usKyfwkdY *dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;[m r[mrdwf tzGJUBuD; zGJYxm;wmqkdawmh
olYvludk,fhvl cGJcGJjcm;jcm; vkyfaezdkYrvdkygbl;/ q&mrBuD;wkdY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU udpuvnf; usKyfwkdY udpygyJ/
'DESpfawGxJrSm usKyfwdkY tzGJU 5 zGJU[m wpfzGJUeJY wpfzGJU awGUqHkESD;aESmzvS,frI r&SdoavmufyJ/ 'Dawmh wpfzGJU&JU
tusKd;udk usefwJh tzGJUawGu vufwGJaqmifGufwmrsKd;vJ odyfenf;oGm;wmaygh/ . . . tJ'g[m raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;om;awG acgif;axmifvmEdkifwJh tcsufyJaygh}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
708
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ rsufESm NyHK;rJhrJh jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ olru pdwfxJrS ajymvdkufrdonf/

]][if; . . . rif;wkdYu [efqef;*dkPf;udk vmNyD; oa&mfaewmayghav/ ulnDwmu enf;enf;/ tom;,lcsif
wmu rsm;aew,f}}
,ckwpfacguf [efqef;*dkPf; zkusufe,fodkY c&D;xGufvmjcif;twGuf aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;
usdvifxefudk taMumif;Mum;jcif; r&SdcJhay/ odkY taMumif;rMum;onfrSm [efqef;*dkPf; wpf*dkPf;xJr[kwf/
usefaom xdkufqef;*dkPf;? csKH;qef;*dkPf;wdkUuvnf; r[mrdwf tzGJYacgif;aqmifudk taMumif; rMum;cJhMuay/
csKH;usef;u qufajymvkduf\/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD;u tNrJwrf; ajymcJhw,f/ ]pnf;vHk;jcif;onf tiftm;} wJh/ usKyfwkdY *dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;om
wpf*dkPf;wnf;tjzpf yl;aygif;vdkufEdkif&if raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u b,fvkdrS r,SOfEkdifawmhbl;/ a&SmifvifeJY
[lwef; *dkPf;BuD;awGawmif usKyfwkdYudk ,SOfEdkifawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/
usKyfwkdY *dkPf;csKyfBuD;rSm qEwpfck &Sdaew,f/ wpfuGJwpfjym;pD jzpfaewJh *dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;udk
wpf*dkPf;wnf;jzpfatmif pkpnf;NyD; awmif 5 vHk;*dkPf;tjzpf topfzGJYNyD; wnfaxmifvkdufzdkYyJ/ q&mrBuD;&JU
oabmua&m b,fvdk &SdovJ}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u avoHudkxdef; qifqifjcifjcif ajymvdkuf\/
]]uRefrtaeeJYuawmh [efqef;*dkPf;&JU ta&;udpeJY ywfoufvdkY bmrS qHk;jzwfydkifcGifh r&Sdygbl;/ aemifBuD;
csKH;usef;taeeJY 'DudprsKd;rSm uRefrudk vmajymwm rSm;aeygw,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;&JU udpt00udk qHk;jzwfEkdifwJh
tmPmu uRefr&JU *dkPf;wlnDrav;qDrSmyJ &Sdygw,f/ wifh&Sefuom [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;yg/ tck
ta&;BuD;wmuawmh vlqdk;awG vufxJa&mufaewJh uRefr&JU wynfhrav;awGudk jyefu,fxkwfzdkYygyJ}}
csKH;usef;u NyHK; ajymvdkufonf/
]][efqef;*dP
k f;om;awG aysmufaewJhudp twGufudkawmh q&mrBuD;taeeJY ylyifaomu &SdraeygeJYawmh/
usKyfwkdY aumif;qef;*dkPf; a&mufvmrSawmh 'Dudpudk 0ifulnD&awmhrSmaygh}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u ]]'Dvkdqkd&if twkdif;xuf tvGefyJ/ uJ . . . oGm;Mu&atmif}}
]]q&mrBuD;u b,fudk oGm;rSmvJ}}
]]uRefrwynfhrav;awGudk oGm;u,fr,fav}}
]]b,frSm oGm;u,frSmvJ}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf xdkar;cGef;udk rnfuJhodkY jyefajz&rSef; rodawmhacs/ csKH;usef;u jyHK;
]]q&mrBuD; pdwfrylygeJY/ 'Dvlqkd;awG b,frSmpcef;csaew,fqkdwm usKyfwdkY odNyD;ygNyD/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;
awGudk u,fwifzdkYu usKyfwm0efom xm;vdkufyg/ tckta&;BuD;wmu q&mrBuD;eJY aqG;aEG;zdkYygyJ}}
rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkifawmhojzifh wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u atmifhtnf;onf;cHum em;axmif vdkuf&awmh
\/ csKH;usef;u
]]usKyfwkdY taeeJY zkusufe,fudk c&D;xGufvmwmu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU trdefYt& ta&;BuD;wJh udpwpfckudk
q&mrBuD;eJY aqG;aEG;ndEIdif;zdkYygyJ/ 'Dudpu tifrwef us,fjyefYygw,f/ usKyfwdkY ajrjyefYodkif;avmu&JU
tusKd;eJYvJ ywfoufaeygw,f/ *dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;&JU aoa&;&Sifa&; udpygyJ/ 'gaMumifh 'Dudpukd
t&ifaqG;aEG;&atmif/ aqG;aEG;NyD;wmeJY q&mrBuD;&JU *dkPf;om;awGudk oGm;u,fyghr,f}}
]]aumif;jyDav/ bmta&;BuD;udp aqG;aEG;rSmvJ? aqG;aEG;yg}}
]]udptopfawmh r[kwfygbl;/ usKyfapmapmu ajymNyD;om;yg/ *dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;udk wpf*dkPf;wnf;
jzpfatmif pkpnf;NyD; awmif 5 vHk;*dkPf;tjzpf xlaxmifzkdYygyJ}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm olr\ a'goudk rxdef;odrf;Ekdifawmhay/ wpfudk,fvHk; wkefwkef,if,if
jzpfvmavjyD/
]]&Sif . . . &Sif . . . &SifwkdYu}}
csKH;usef;u NyHK;vsuf ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mrBuD; txifrvGJygeJY/ usKyfwkdYu tusyfudkifaewmvdkY xif&if rSm;oGm;vdrhfr,f/ usKyfwkdYu tusyf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
709
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rudkifygbl;/ q&mrBuD;&JU oabmyg/ q&mrBuD;udk twif;tusyf oabmwlckdif;aewm r[kwfygbl;}}

wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u a'gojzifh atmfvkduf\/
]]&Sifhyg;pyfu tusyfudkifwm r[kwfbl;? r[kwfbl;eJY wpfajymwnf;ajymaeawmh uRefru bmrS ajymp&m
rvdkawmhbl;/ tck&Sifajymaewmu tusyfudkifwm r[kwfvdkY bmvJ}}
csKH;usef;u ]]q&mrBuD; . . . usKyfwdkYudk txifrvGJygeJY/ wu,fawmh usKyfu *dkPf;csKyf&JU trdefYt&
aqmifGufwmyg/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU trdefYr&yJeJY usKyfu bmrSrvkyf&Jygbl;}}
a'goxGufvGef;vSojzifh wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ rsufESmrSm jymESrf;ESrf;yif jzpfvmawmh\/
wwfEkdifygu olrtaejzifh csKH;usef;wkdYvlodkufudk rIefYrIefYnufnuf acsypfcsifpdwf aygufvmrd\/ olru
at;pufrmaMumaom toHjzifh
]]*dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;udk wpf*dkPf;wnf;jzpfatmif yl;aygif;wJhudpudk uRefr wm0efr,lEdkifbl;/ bmaMumifh
wm0ef r,lEkdifovJ qdkwmudkvJ &Sif;jyNyD;NyD/ uJ . . . &SifwdkYeJY qufNyD; avukef rcHEkdifbl;}}
ajymjyD;aemuf wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf taemufzufodkY ckefxGufvkduf\/ olrtzdkY a&SUquf
bmqufvkyf&rnfudk rodawmh/ vrf;avQmufvm&if; rnfonfht&yfudk oGm;&rnfudk pOf;pm;&if;
olYwpfudk,fwnf; txD;usef tultnDrJh jzpfae&onfhb0udk awG;rdum wjznf;jznf; aMuuGJvmrdawmh\/
twefMum vrf;avQmufvmNyD;rS kwfw&uf &yfwefYvdkufNyD; awG;awm pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
]]tif; . . . igwpfa,mufwnf;eJYuawmh *dkPf;om;awGudk vHk;0u,fwifEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmh
rwwfomwJh tqHk; acG;aumifcsKH;usef;&JU awmif;qkdcsufudk avmavmq,f vufcHvdkuf&if aumif;r,f/
igh*dkPf;om;awGudk u,fNyD;rS ighudk,fig owfaovdkuf&if 'DcsKH;usef;qkdwJhaumif ighudk b,fvdkvkyf tusyfukdif
t&SufcGJEkdifawmhrSmvJ}}
odkYESifh oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufcsum pm;aomufqkdifzufodkY jyefvnfavQmufoGm;rdawmh\/ olrtaejzifh
csKH;usef;wdkYtm; OD;nTwftIH;ay;&ef jyefvmjcif; jzpfonf/ xkdpOf olr\ taemufzufrS us,favmifaom
atmf[pfoHBuD; wpfckudk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
]]a[h . . . qkdif&Sif . . . a[haumifawG . . . b,fa&mufukefMuyvJuG/ igvkd ppfAkdvfBuD; wpfa,mufv;Hk
a&mufvmwmawmif wpfa,mufrS c&D;OD;BudK jyKr,fr&Sdbl;/ . . . igc&D;yef;vmw,fuG . . . pm;zdkYaomufzdkY
vmjyifay;Muprf;}}
toH&Sifum; oufwefYawmifxdyf awGUcJh&aom l;aygayg ppfAkdvfBuD;\ toHomwnf;/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;\ &ifxJ0,f NAHK;ueJ Tifvef;wuf<uoGm;awmh\/ xdktoHudk Mum;vkduf&onfrSm
olrtzkdY a&epfae&mrS wG,fp&m wpfckckudk vSrf;qkyfzufwG,f rdouJhodkYyif jzpfawmhonf/
toHMum;&modkY wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD; vSrf;Munfhvkdufaomtcg atmf[pf&if; pm;aomufqdik fxJ
0ifvmonfh ppfAkdvfBuD;udk awGUvkduf&awmhonf/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
710
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oufwefYawmifxdyf [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk tultnDay;NyD;onfhwkdif &Dvifu olYudk rrSwfrdyJ

&Sdaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u olYukd,fol tvGefw&m auseyftm;&oGm;\/ xkdrS c&D;qufcJh&m
Gmuav;odkY a&S;OD;pGm qkdufa&mufcJhavonf/
vifh[lcsKH; a&muf&SdvmcsdefwGif Gmuav;&Sd vlrsm;onfvnf; oGm;oGm;vmvm vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; &Sdaeao;\/
pm;aomufqkid frsm;vnf; zGifhxm;qJ &Sdao;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; qdkifwpfqkdifodkY0ifum t&ufESifh
[if;vsmrsm; rSm,lvsuf tm;&yg;& aomufpm;cJhao;onf/
qkdif&Sifu wu,fhppfAdkvfBuD; xifrSwfatmufarhum aocsmusepGm {nfhcHjyKpkcJhao;onf/ pm;aomufNyD;
aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u pOf;pm;cef; 0ifawmhonf/
]]raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;om;awGu IH;edrfhoGm;wmudk tcJausr,f rxifbl;/ wpfae&m&mu jyefNyD;
vkyfBuHMuOD;rSmyJ/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u owd&Sdayr,fh OmPf&nfr&Sdbl;/ iguom olwdkYaemufuG,fu
vdkufNyD; apmifha&Smufray;&if nDrav;&Dvifa&m? usefwJh [efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;a&m aumif;aumif;
'kua&mufukefawmhrSmyJ}}
odkY pOf;pm;qH;k jzwfNyD;onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;u tdyfcef;xJ0if tem;,l tdyfpufvu
dk fawmh\/
naeapmif;wGif vlwpfa,muf\ pl;pl;&S&S atmf[pfoHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdu
k f&awmhonf/
]]ausmufawmifukef;u "g;jyawG 'DaeYn GmudkpD;r,fwJh/ vlawGU&if awGUwJhvludk owfvdrhfr,f/
udk,fhtoufudk,f ESajrm&if GmxJu jrefjref xGufajy;Muayawmh}}
csufcsif;yif GmxJu vlrsm;rSm yGufavmdkufoGm;awmh\/ kwfkwfoJoJ qlqlnHnHjzifh xGufajy;&ef
jyifqifMuawmhonf/ GmxJrS uav;? vlBuD;? rdef;rESifh oufBuD; G,ftdkrsm;ygrusef xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif
Muawmh\/ *kPmw&m;&Sdaom qdkif&Sifu vifh[lcsKH;\ tdyfcef;udk w'Hk;'Hk;xkum atmf[pfowday;vdkuf\/
]]ppfAdkvfBuD; . . . tm;vHk;awmh 'kujzpfukefNyD/ ppfAdkvfBuD;vnf; xGufajy;ayawmh}}
tdyf&mrS vefYEkd;vmaom vifh[lcsKH;u a'gojzifh atmfaigufvdkuf\/
]]acG;rom; . . . igtdyfaewmudk vmaESmifh,Sufw,f/ bm'kuvJ}}
]]apmapmu atmfoHudk ppfAdkvfBuD; rMum;zl;vm;/ ausmufawmifukef;u "g;jyawG 'Dn Gmudk pD;r,fwJh/
tm;vHk; xGufajy;aeMuNyD}}
]]tJ'g bmjzpfovJuG/ igvdkppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufvHk; GmxJrSm&Sdaewmudk 'DacG;aumifawG vmvk,uf&Jygh
rvm;/ 'DaumifawG aooGm;rSmaygh}}
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711
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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712
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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713
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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714
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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&DvifwkdY 3 a,mufudk vSrf;Munfhvkdufaomtcg ajrBuD;ay:wGif arhvJusaeonfudk awGU&\/
toufrSefrSef Iaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&jcif;aMumifh touftE&m,ftwGuf pdwfat;oGm;onf/ taemufzuf
tcef;wGif;0ifum a&at;wpfcGuf cyf,lcJhNyD; &Dvif\rsufESmudk yufzsef;vkdufonf/ a&at;\ txdtawGU
aMumifh &DvifrSm owd&vmonf/ odkYaomf olr rnfonfhae&modkY a&mufaeonfudkrodyJ ea0wdrfawmif
jzpfaeyHk&\/
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ckefxvdkufjyD; "g;udk &SmMunhfvdkufrdonf/ odkYaomf olrtzkdY wu,fwrf; vIyf&Sm;Ekdifonf r[kwfao;acs/
pdwfwGif;rSom vIyf&Sm;vkdufjcif; jzpfonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf olr\ ajcvufrsm;udk BudK;rsm;jzifh csnfaESmif
xm;aom aMumifhaywnf;/
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ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; owday;vdkufonf/
]]nDrav; raMumufeJYawmh/ vlqkd;udk ppfAdkvfBuD; owfypfvkdufNyD/ nDrav;tzdkY ab;&efuif;oGm;ygNyD}}
ajymajymqkdqdk olYvufxJu "g;jzifh &Dvif\ ajcvufrS BudK;rsm;udk jzwfawmufay;vkduf\/ &Dvifonf
tarSmifxJrS vl\ toHukd Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg rdrd tpOftjrJ owd&aeaom tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;\ toHESifh
tvGefwlvSonfudk odvdkuf&ojzifh 0rf;om wkefvIyfoGm;\/ olru wkefwkef,if,if avoHjzifh
]]&Sif . . . &Sif . . . &Sif[m tpfudkBuD; vifh[l . . .}}
olru pum;udk qufrajymawmhacs/ olrudk u,fwifvkdufolonf ppfAdkvfBuD;rSef; owd&oGm;aom
aMumifhyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;uawmh kwfw&uf &ifxdwfoGm;\/ &DvifhxHrS pum;oH rMum;&aomtcgrS
qufajymvkduf&onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
715
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]bmrS raMumufeJYawmh . . . ppfAdkvfBuD;wpfa,mufvHk; 'DrSm&Sdae&if b,fvlqkd;olcdk;rS rif;wkdYukd

tEkdifrusifh&Jawmhbl;/ tEkdifusifh&if igh"g;eJY awGUrSmyJ}}
&Dvifu ]]uRefrwkdYudk vmu,fwJhtwGuf ppfAdkvfBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifvdkufwm . . . uRefr . . .
q&mrBuD;a&m}}
]]rif;wkdY&JU q&mrBuD; tjyifzufrSm wdkufyGJqifaew,f/ uJ . . . vmMu . . . igwkdY oGm;MunfhMupdkY}}
]]ppfAdkvfBuD; . . . cPaeygOD; . . . tpfrusufyef;eJY nDrav; csifuRrf;wkdY owdarhaewkef; &Sdao;w,f/
olwkdYudk owd&atmif vkyfyg&apOD;}}
]]nDrav; . . . olwkdYu ta&;rBuD;bl;/ b,ftcsdef vmu,fu,f&w,f/ rif;&JU q&mrBuD;u taotvJ
wkdufckdufae&wm olYudk t&ifoGm;u,fzkdYu ydkta&;BuD;w,f}}
]][kwf . . . [kwfuJh . . . 'Dvkdqkd&if q&mrBuD;qDyJ t&ifoGm;Muwmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf &DvifwkdY 2 a,mufu tjyifodkY cyfoGufoGuf avQmufvmawmh\/ xkdtcsdefwGif wihfusifh
r,foDv&ifBuD;udk 0dkif;0ef;wkdufckdufaeaom vlqkd; 7 a,mufrSm xGufajy;oGm;MuavNyD/ tjcm;vlwpfpk
a&mufaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/
xdkYaemuf wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm xkdvlpkESifh pm;aomufqkdifa&SUwGif&yf tBudwfte,f pum;ajymae
\/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; &Dvif\ vufudkqGJum pm;aomufqkdif\ jywif;aygufem;rS uyfum acsmif;em;axmif
vdkufonf/ rsm;rMumrD wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u a'gowBuD;jzifh wpfzufodkY xGufoGm;aMumif; awGUvdkufMu&
\/
vifh[lcsKH;u &Dvifudk tomae&ef vufjzifh tcsufjyvdkuf\/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD; cyfvSrf;vSrf;odkY
a&mufoGm;aom tcgusrS qdkifa&SUxGufvmum atmf[pfavawmhonf/
]]a[h . . . qdkif&SifawG . . . a[haumifawG . . . a[ . . . igvdk ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufvHk; a&mufvmwm
awmifrS c&D;OD;BudK rjyKMubl;vm;uG . . . a[ . . . c&D;yef;vmw,fuG . . . pm;zdkYaomufzkdY vmjyifay;Muprf;}}
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
716
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ppfAdkvfBuD;&Sd&modkY wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;u tm;&0rf;om vSnfhvmpOfrSmyif &Dvifu ajy;xGufvmawmh

\/
]]q&mrBuD;}}
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;rSm 0rf;omvGef;vSojzifh uwkefu,ifyif jzpfvmawmhonf/ csufcsif;yif ar;vdkuf
awmh\/
]]apmapmwke;f u rif; . . . rif;wkdY b,fa&mufukefwmvJ}}
]]q&mrBuD; . . . uRefrwkdYudk vlqdk;awGu arhaq;eJY zrf;oGm;Muwm/ 'Du ppfAdkvfBuD;u uRefrwkdYudk
u,fvmwm}}
xdkpOf vifh[lcsKH;onf pm;aomufqkdif\ wHcg;udk wGef;zGifh 0ifoGm;avNyD/ qdkifxJwGif BuD;rm;aom
za,mif;wkdifBuD; 2 wkdifxGef;xm;aMumif; awGU&\/ ol0ifoGm;onfESifh csKH;usef;u at;pufrmaMumaom
avoHojzifh
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]]atmifrm . . . rif;ua&m bmaumifvJuG/ igvdk ppfAdkvfBuD; wpfa,mufvHk;ukd 'Dvdk ajym&Jwm/ a[h . . .
qkdif&Sif . . . qkdif&Sif b,fa&mufaeovJ . . . jrefjrefvmprf;}}
ppfAdkvfBuD; aMumufvefYvsuf &SdaeNyD[k aumif;qef;*dkPf;rSvlrsm;u rSwfxif ,lqvkdufMuonf/
tb,faMumifhqkdaom tpyxrwGif cyfMurf;Murf; atmf[pfBudrf;armif;vkdufaomfvnf; ,ckawmh pum;avQm
um qkdif&Sifudk ac:aeonfudk awGUMu& jzpfonf/ ppfAdkvfBuD;\ twGif;pdwfu olwkdYudk aMumufvefYvsuf
&SdaeNyD[k aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm; em;vnfvdkufMu\/
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udprsm;xJ uefYvefYuefYvefY ygaernfudk csKH;usef;u rvkdvm;ay/ xkdYaMumifh olY*dkPf;om;rsm;zuf vSnfhum
cyfwkd;wkd; ajymvkdufonf/
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]]aMomf . . . vufpowfawmh {&mr ppfAdkvfBuD;udk;/ usKyfwkdYu kwfw&ufrodawmh ysLysLiSmiSm rvkyfEkdif
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]][m; [m; [m; . . . rif;uawmh odyfrqkd;bl;/ rif;wpfa,muf od&if awmfao;wmaygh/ rif;&JU vlawGu
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taMumudk xkd;pdkufvkdufawmhonf/ taMumxkd;ynmrSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;\ xl;jcm;aom okdif;ynmwpf&yf
jzpfonf/ ,ck xkd;vkdufonfhae&mrSm cg;ay:&Sd &,farmaponfh taMumodkYjzpf\/ xdktaMumudk
xkd;ydwfcH&olonf w[m;[m;&,fNyD; owdarhvJusoGm;rnf/ 6 em&DMumrS jyefvnfowd&Ekdif\/
odkYaomf ,ckvifh[lcsKH;\ cg;udk aumif;acghu vSrf;xkd;vdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m;&,fum
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
717
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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wHcg;aygufrS &yfMunfhaeaom wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;ESifh &DvifwkdY 2 a,mufrSm tajctaetm;vHk;udk
aumif;pGm jrifawGUae&onf/ ppfAdkvfBuD;\ taMumudk aumif;acghu xdk;ydwfaeonfudkvnf; awGUjrifvdkuf&
onf/ odkYaomf ppfAdkvfBuD;u rnfodkYrQrjzpfyJ jyefvSefaemufajymif aeonfudk awGU&aomtcg 0rf;vnf;0rf;om?
wkefvnf;wkev
f Iyf oGm;Muawmh\/
ppfAdkvfBuD;\ odkif;ynmrSm tvGefw&m jrifhrm;vSaMumif; oHo,&Sd&ef rvdkawmhay/ vlpkvla0;ESifh
tEkdifusifhvdkaom aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf wpfBudrfwGifawmh aumif;aumif;BuD; cH&ayawmhrnf/ rdrdu
taMumxdk;ydwf vdkufaomfvnf; ppfAdkvfBuD;rSm rnfodkYrQrjzpfonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg aumif;acghu
tHhMoxdwfvefY oGm;avawmh\/ xkdYaMumifh 'kwd,wpfcsuf xdk;ydwfvdkufjyefonf/
onfwpfBudrw
f Gifawmh aumif;acghu ol\tm;udk tqifhq,fqifhtxd xkwfum xdk;ydwfvkdufjcif;
jzpfonf/ taMumydwfcH&olonf &,fyifr&,fEdkiyf J bkef;ueJ vJusoGm;&ayrnf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;url
w[m;[m; &,f&if; xckefum
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udk EIduf,lrvdkYayghav/ kyf&nfu oem;urm;eJY b,fES,f raumif;wJhtusihf &Sdae&wmvJ}}
2 csufwdwd taMumxdk;ydwfvdkufaomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ t&mra&mufyJ jzpfaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg
aumif;acghu a'goxGufvmNyD; vifh[lcsKH;\ vufaumuf0wfudk qGJudkifum udkifayguf&ef BudK;pm;vdkuf\/
odkYaomf ukdifaygufEkdifonfh pcef;odkY ra&mufvdkufay/
ol\ twGif;tm;udk xkwfvdkufonfEiS fh olYtwGif;tm;rsm;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ vufxJodkY wjznf;jznf;
pdrfh0ifoGm;avawmhonf/ odkYpdrfhr0ifap&ef aumif;acghtaejzifh rnfodkYrQ rwm;qD; Ekdifawmhacs/
aMumufvefYwMum;jzifh atmf[pf&ef yg;pyf[vdkufonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfhtoHrQ xGufrvmawmh/
twGif;tm;pkyf odkif;ynmudk aemufykdif;wGif toHk;rcsawmh[k vifh[lcsKH;u qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ odkYaomf
okdif;ynmrSm tjcm;aom okdif;ynmrsm;ESihf rwlacs/ rdrdu toHk;rcsaomfvnf; &efolu
ol\twGif;tm;xkwf rdrdudk,fudk vma&mufxduyfvQif &efolxkwforQ twGif;tm;udk pkyf,lwwfaom
oabm&Sd\/ &efolu twGif;tm; rxkwfvQifawmh rnfodkrQ tusKd;oufa&mufrI r&Sdacs/
aumif;acgh\ twGif;tm;rsm; rdrdudk,fxJ pdrfh0ifvmonfudk odvdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf pdwfxJrS
a&Gwfvdkufrd\/
]]'Dodkif;ynmudk igoHk;vdkY rjzpfbl;}}
csufcsif;yif aumif;acgh\vufukd vifh[lcsKH;u cg,rf;z,fxkwf ypfvkduf\/ xkdtcgusrS aumif;acghu
oufjyif;csEkdifum aemufodkY ckefqkwfoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf ol\udk,f[efrSm ,cifuvdk r[kwfawmhay/
wpfudk,fvHk; tm;tifukefcrf;vsuf aysmhzwfEGrf;e,f aeawmhonf/ EGrf;e,fae&mrS olutm;wif;
atmf[pfvdkufonf/
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csKH;usef;u aumif;acghudk aocsmpGm ar;vkdufonf/
]]rif; apmapmu bmajymvkdufw,f . . .}}
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tjrefqHk;jzpf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; vifh[lcsKH;\ vnfrsKdudk xkd;pdkufvm\/ vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\"g;udk
qGJrxkwfyJ "g;tdrfESifhwuG jzKwf,lvkdufNyD; vQyfwpfjyufyif qifhumqifhum dkufcsvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH; a0SU,rf;vkdufyHkrSm jrefvSojzifh tm;vHk;u wpfcsufwnf; dkufcsvkdufonf[k xifvkdufMu\/
odkYaomf w'*FtwGif; xdkvlrsm;\ vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk wpfcsufpD dkufcsvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ tvGefYtvGef
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
718
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vsifjrefvSojzifh wpfcsufwnf; a0SU,rf;dkufcsvdkufonf[k tm;vHk;u xifjrifvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/

xdkYaemuf ]xef} ueJ? ]xef} ueJ "g;vGwfusoGm;oHrsm;udk tqufrjywf Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
olwkdYtxJwGif csKH;usef;onf "g;okdif;ynm tawmfqHk;jzpfonf/ olYvufaumuf0wfudk wpfcsuf tdkufcHvkduf&
aomfvnf; olYvufrS "g;url vGwfrusoGm;cJhay/
csKH;usef;onfeH&HwGif ausmrSD &yfvkduf\/ olYrsufESmonf vHk;0 aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfvsuf &SdavNyD/
wkef,ifaom avoHjzifh olu ar;vkdufonf/
]]raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfa[mif; vif;&Sif odkif;avmuxJ jyefa&mufaeNyDvdkY owif;xGufaewm
MumNyD . . . cif . . . cifAsm;u *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vif;&Sifvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,farm&if;
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jyefar;vkduf\/
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usefvlrsm;onfvnf; olwkdY\ "g;rsm;udkyif raumuf&JawmhyJ csKH;usef;taemufrS ajy;vkdufoGm;awmh\/
wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD; BudKwifwGufqxm;ovdyk if aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf ppfAdkvfBuD;udk
tIH;ay; oGm;Mu&avjyD/ wihfusifhr,foDv&ifBuD;onf vlawmfvlaumif;wkdY\ oabmudk od&Sdem;vnfcJhNyD;
jzpf\/ ppfAdkvBf uD;onf tvGefw&m xufjrufvSaom odkif;ynm&Sif wpfa,mufjzpfrSef; aocsmoGm;awmh\/
ppfAdkvfBuD;\ pum;rsm;rSm aomifpOfa&r& aygufwwfu& pum;rsm;jzpfMu\/ olwwfuRrf;xm;aom
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awmif;yefvdkuo
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
719
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vkdufawmhonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
725
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
726
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
727
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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awmh\/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;onf NcH0if;us,fBuD;\ taemufzufodkY ywfoGm;vdkufrdonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
728
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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________
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
729
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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730
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
731
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732
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
733
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
734
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736
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vifh[lcsKH; ,ckajymvkdufonfh pum;rsm;onf olwkdY\ vsKdU0Sufcsuf tBuHtpnftm;vHk;udk azmfxkwf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
737
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdkufjcif; jzpfaeonf/ pum;rsm;udk vlwumudkom avQmufajymaeygu rdrdwdkYtzdkY r[mt&SufawmfBuD;

uGJ&ayawmhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh csKH;usef;u tdrftjyifzuf aqG;aEG;&ef tBuHjyKvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
csKH;usef;\ avoH at;pufjcif;? vsKdU0SufeufeJjcif;? aoG;qmjcif;ESifh BudwfrEkdifcJr&jzpfonfh t"dyg,frsm;
yg0ifaeaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm &dyfrday\/ ]]acG;NidrfvQif MunfhoGm;? a&NidrfvQif owdxm;}} [lonfh
pum;yHkrsKd;uJhodkYyif csKH;usef;\ pum;onfvnf; tvGefw&m owd0D&d, xm;&rnfh pum;rsKd; jzpfae\/
rSef\/
olwdkY\ tBuHtpnfrsm; ay:xGufaeNyDjzpf uJhodkY azmfxkwfvdkufaom vifh[lcsKH;udk EIwfydwf
owfjzwfypf&ef csKH;usef;u pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD;avNyD/
_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
738
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0gqef;*dkPf;\ opmazmuf
csKH;usef;\ ]tjyifxGufNyD; pum;ajymMu&if raumif;bl;vm;} [laom pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ydk tBudKufawGUoGm;\/ olYtaejzifh 3 a,mufvHk;udk rrI? olrIonfrSm ol\ q&mESifh
q&mrwkdYyif jzpf\/ q&mESifh q&mrwkdY\ rsufuG,fwGif ajz&Sif;&rnfqkdvQif rnfonfhudprqkd ajz&Sif;&Jonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u aemufzufodkYvSnfh ajymvdkuf\/
]]q&mBuD; &ufykcRef . . . cifAsm;udk owday;p&m owif;wpfck&vmvdkY usKyf'Dudk vmcJhwmyJAsKdU . . .
raumif;qkd;0g; *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vif;&Sifu cifAsm;wkdY&JU 0gqef;*dkPf;udk zsufqD;ypfr,fvkdY Budrf;armif;Ncdrf;ajcmuf
xm;w,f/ . . . vif;&Sif&JU&efvdkyJ aMumufp&m &efwpfck &Sdao;oAsKdU/ tJ'D&efu cifAsm;&JU ausmem;rSm
uyfaewmqkdawmh ydkNyD;owdxm;&r,f/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;u cifAsm;wkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;udk vuf0g;BuD;tkyf 0g;rsKd
ypfcsifaeNyD . . . owdxm;yg}}
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh zkusufe,fodkY vm&jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;&if;rSm olYq&mtm; vma&muf owday;jcif;
jzpf\/ ,ckowday;NyD; jzpfojzifh ol\wm0ef ausyGefayNyD/ xkdYaMumifh ajcvSrf;usJusJjzifh taqmuftOD
tjyifzufodkY xGufvmonf/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; 3 a,mufonfvnf; xufMuyfruGm vdkufygvmMu\/
odkYaomf wHcg;rBuD; tjyifzufodkY a&mufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tHhMooGm;\/ taqmuftOD tjyifzufwGif
r,foDv&ifwpfpk a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomaMumifhyifwnf;/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ &d[kdESifh usufyef;wkdYonf xdkr,foDv&if tkyfpk\ a&SUqHk;rS
avQmufvmMuonf/ ol\ vufxJ bl;av;wpfbl; udkifaqmifxm;aMumif; awGU&\/ olwkdYonf &ufykcRefwdkY
vifr,m;udk vma&mufawGYqHkjcif;yif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm ae&m tkyfpkudk awGU&vdrfhrnf[k vHk;0
rarQmfvifhrdacs/
awGUvdkuf&aomtcg acgif;apmif;oGm;aom vifh[lcsKH;udk [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u rnfokdYrQ owdjyKrdyHk
r&aomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\ aemufrS uyfvkdufvmaom csKH;usef;wkdY 3 a,mufudkrl aumif;pGm rSwfrd\/
xkdYaMumifh &d[kd\ ajcvSrf;rSm wHkYueJ &yfoGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGifrl r,foDv&ifrsm;
ae&modkY a&mufvm&jcif;\ taMumif;udk pOf;pm;aerdonf/
]]'Dr,foDv&ifawG 'Dudkvmwm taMumif;rJhawmh [kwfr,f rxifbl;/ ighq&meJY q&mr 'DrSm &SdaerSef; odvdkY
vmNyD; tultnDawmif;wmyJ jzpfr,f/ q&meJY q&mrwkdYuom apmifha&Smufxm;&if awmfkHwefkH tE&m,fudk
aMumufp&m r&Sdawmhygbl;}}
odkY pOf;pm;rdjcif;rSmvJ taMumif;rJh r[kwfacs/ &DvifwdkYESifh tawGYrcHawmhyJ a&SmifxGufoGm;&ef
awG;awmvdkufrdjcif;jzpf\/ odkYaomf olYtaejzifh a&SmifxGuf&ef rnfokYrd Q rjzpfEkdifawmhacs/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf
csKH;usef;? aumif;acghESifh xifyg;wkdY 3 a,mufu "g;udk,fpDxkwf vifh[lcsKH;udk 0dkif;xm;vdkuf
aomaMumifhaywnf;/
csKH;usef;u w[m;[m; &,f&if; ]]bmvJ . . . rif;u tjyifa&mufwmeJY xGufajy;csifNyDaygh . . .
aMumufoGm;NyDaygh . . . [kwfvm; . . . [m; [m; [m;}} [k oa&mfavawmh\/
xdktcsdefwGif &ufykcRefwkdY vifr,m;ESifh 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; tm;vHk;vdkvdkyif wHcg;rBuD;a&SUodkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
739
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&muf&SdvmMuayNyD/ olwkdYxGufvmonfrSm taMumif;&Sd\/ vifh[lcsKH;u &J0HhpGm tajctwif ajymxm;ojzihf

olwkdYtm;vHk; tHhMoaeMu\/ tjyifzufwGif ajz&Sif;MuvQif rnfonhfenf;jzifh ajz&Sif;Murnfudk
tvGefodcsifaerdMu\/ xdkYaMumifh wHcg;rBuD;a&SUodkY wpfpkwpfNyHKwnf; xGufvmMujcif; jzpfawmh\/
csKH;usef;\ oa&mfoH tqHk;wGif vifh[lcsKH;u &,farmNyD; jyefajzvdkuf\/
]]rif;wdkYu xifvdkYygav/ vifh[lcsKH;qdkwJhaumif&JU udk,fxJrSm aMumufaoG;wpfpufrS rygbl;uG/ ighrSm
vufeufr&Sdawmh rif;wdkYudk b,fhES,fhvyk f wdkufcdkufEkdifrSmvJ/ 'gudk rif;wkdYu tom;,lraeprf;ygeJY}}
xkdpum;udk Mum;aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;tm; vSrf;ay;&ef vdefvdefu olr\"g;udk xkwf,lvdkuf\/ odkYaomf
&ufykcRefu olr\ vufudk zdxm;vdkufNyD; acgif;udk cg,rf;jyaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifh vdefvdefYrSm "g;udk
rxkwfEkdifawmhyJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
xdktcdkuf [efqef;*dkPf;om;tcsKdU\ tvefYwMum; atmf[pfvku
d foHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vkduf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; olYtaemufzufrS wpfpHkwpfck\ avwdk;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ taemufzufrS
wpfpHkwpfa,mufu olYtm; tvpfacsmif;ajrmif; wdkufcdkufvkdufrSef; aumif;pGmodvkduf\/ xkdYaMumifh taemuf
zufodkY vHk;0vSnfhrMunfhyJ a&SUodkYom ckefxGufvkdufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH; uHaumif;oGm;onf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf ol\twGif;tm;rsm; aumif;pGm jynfh0aeojzifh
a&SUodkY vsifjrefoGufvufpGm ckefxGufEkdifcJhonf/ xkdYaMumifh aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;vSaom vQyfwpfjyuf
"g;csufudk oDoDuav; a&SmifxGufEkdifchjJ cif; jzpfavawmh\/ tu,fom tenf;i,f tckefaemufusoGm;vQif
cEmudk,f 2 ydkif;jzpfoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/ xdktcdkuf xyfrH atmfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&NyD; "g;a&mifvufueJ
jzpfoGm;jyef\/
onfwpfBudrw
f Gifawmh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;uvnf; kwfjcnf; vIyf&Sm;vdkufMu\/ 7 a,mufvQif
wpfzGJYusjzifh tzGJY 3 zGJY vIyf&Sm;vdkufMujcif; jzpfonf/ tzGJYwpfzGJYvQif aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufuspD
0dkif;0ef;csdefG,fxm;Mu\/ olwkdY\ "g;rsm;u xdk;ckwfwkdufcdkuf&ef toifhjzpfaeavNyD/
csKH;usef;? aumif;acghESifh xifyg;wkdY 3 a,mufrSm vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; t0dkif;cHvkduf&\/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;
7 a,muftzGJUrsm;\ "g;qGJxkwfyk?H ae&m,lyHkwkdYrSm tvGefw&m nDnmvsifjrefvSNyD; tm;vHk;yif wdwd&d&d
tuGufaphvS\/ "g;uGufrsm;udk vaygif;rsm;pGm? tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm avhusifhxm;cJhMuonfrSm
xif&Sm;vSayonf/ olwkdY udkifaqmifxm;aom "g; 7 acsmif;wkdYonf tacsmif;wkdif; tacsmif;wkdif; &efol\
ta&;BuD;aom cEmudk,f tpdwftydkif;wdkYukd csdefG,fxm;Mujcif; jzpfonf/
&efol\ ta&;BuD;aom ae&m 7 ae&mudk csdefG,fNyD;onfESifh ausmufkyfrsm;ES,f olwkdY\ vIyf&Sm;rI
rsm;onf vHk;0 &yfqkdif;oGm;awmh\/ tu,f csKH;usef;wkdYxJrS wpfa,mufa,mufuom pwifvIyf&Sm;vdkuf
onfESifh [efqef;*dkPf;om; 7 a,mufwkdY\ "g;rsm;u olwkdYOD;wnfcsdefG,fxm;onfh ypfrSwfrsm;qDodkY
xkd;pdkufoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/ xdk"g;csufrsm;udk rnfodkYrQ umuG,fEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/
apmapmu vifh[lcsKH;udk taemufzufrS acsmif;ajrmif;wdkufcdkufvku
d folrSm csKH;usef;yif jzpfawmh\/ olonf
aumif;qef;*kdPf;u 0gpOfBuD; *dkPf;om;wpfO;D jzpf odkif;ynmvnf; jrifhrm;onf/ odkYaomf [efqef;*dkPf;\
pepfwus avhusifhxm;aom 7 a,muf tpkttkyf odkif;uGufESifh awGU&aomtcg rnfokdYrQ rwwfEdkifawmhacs/
rvIyf&Sm;&JyJ jzpfoGm;avawmh\/
xkdtjzpftysufrsm;udk awGU&aom &ufykcRefwkdYrSm tvGefw&m tHhMoaeMuawmh\/ r[mrdwftzGJYom;csif;
jzpfvsuf tb,faMumifh odkY ckduf&efjzpfyGm; aeMuoenf;/ olwkdYtaejzifh oufwefYawmifajc&Sd Gmuav;wGif
jzpfyGm;cJhonfh tjzpftysufrsm;udk vHk;0rod&Sdojzifh odkYtHhMoaejcif; jzpf\/ vifh[lcsKH;url [efqef;*dkPf;\ 7
a,muftzGJY"g;uGufrsm; rQ xdrd aumif;rGefvSonfudk awGU&aomtcg tvGefoabmusNyD; atmf[pfcsD;usL;
vdkufrdawmh\/
]]'grS [efqef;*dkPf;uG/ w,faumif;wJh "g;uGufyJ}}
csKH;usef;rSm toufvnf;BuD;? ynm&nfvnf;0? tawGUtBuHKvnf; rsm;vSojzifh tajctae r[efaMumif;
csufcsif;odvkdufonf/ xkdtcsufrsm;xJwGif uvdrfuuspf vkyfwwfonfh OmPfuav;yg aygif;pyfae&um;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
740
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
w[m;[m; &,farm&if; [efqef;*kdPf;om;rsm;udk vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/

]]tm;vHk; udk,fhtcsif;csif;awGyJ/ bmjzpfvdkY &efjzpfaeMurSmvJ/ usKyfyJ tIH;ay;ygw,fAsm}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh csKH;usef;u ol\"g;udk ajrBuD;ay:odkY xef;ueJaeatmif ypfcsjyvdkuf\/ olY
vufeufrJhoGm;NyD jzpfaMumif; vuf0g; 2 zufudkyif jzefYjyvdkufayao;\/ csKH;usef;udk 0kdif;xm;onfhtzGJYrSm
&d[dkwdkYtzGJUjzpf\/ &d[kdu acgif;aqmifjzpfonf/ csKH;usef;u "g;udk ajrBuD;ay:ypfcsum tIH;ay;vdkufonfudk
awGUvkduf&ojzifh olr\"g;udk &d[dku "g;tdrftwGif jyefoGif;vdkuf\/
xdktcdkuf csKH;usef;u ajrBuD;ay:rS"g;udk ajcjzifhrwifvkdufNyD; zrf;qkyfum &d[kdudk wpfqufwnf;
xdk;vdkufawmh\/ &d[dkrSm tm;ueJ wpfcsufatmfum vufarmif;wGif "g;wpfcsuf txkd;cHvdkuf&awmhonf/
olr\"g;udk qGJxkwfvdkufaomfvnf; qkyfudkifjcif; rjyKEkdifawmhyJ vTwfcsvdkuf&awmh\/ csKH;usef;url
w[m;[m; atmf[pf&,farmvdkufNyD; tjcm;[efqef;*kdPf;om;rsm;udkyg wkdufcdkufvdkufawmh&m aemufxyf
[efqef;*kdPf;om; 3 a,muf 'gPf&m&oGm;awmh\/
uJhodkY tajctae kef;&if;qefcwf IyfaxG;oGm;onfESifh aumif;acghESifh xifyg;wkdY 2 a,mufuvnf;
useftzGJUrsm;tm; xkd;ckwfwkdufckdufawmh\/ [efqef;*kdPf;om;rsm;\ owdvpfai;aMumifomG ;rIaMumifh olwkdY\
7 a,muftzGJY tkyfpkvdkuf wkdufcdkufjcif; "g;uGufrxkwfEkdifyJ jzpfoGm;&\/ wGif wpfzuf&efol\
xdk;ckwfwkdufckdufjcif;udk y&rf;ywm ckcHumuG,faeMu&awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;url &d[dkvufrS vGwfoGm;aom "g;udk aumuf,l&ef udk,fudk ajrBuD;ay: vSdrfhcsvkduf\/
oljyefvnf ckefxvmonfwGif tqufrjywf "g;csuf 3 csuf xkd;vdkufawmhonf/ xkdtcg aumif;acghESifh
xifyg;wkdY\ vufrS "g;rsm;rSm vGwfusoGm;&awmhonf/ csKH;usef;\ vufxJrS "g;rSm vGwfrusao;aomfvnf;
ol\ nmvufudk ajrmuf&ef tm;r&Sdawmhacs/ "g;vGwfruskHom xdef;ukdifxm;Ekdifawmhonf/ wGif
[efqef;*kdPf;rS rdef;uav; 2 a,mufu NydKifwlatmf[pf vkdufMuawmh\/
]][m . . . ppfAdkvfBuD; . . . ppfAdkvfBuD;}}
aemufwpfa,mufuvnf; ]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;}}
ppfAdkvfBuD;[k atmfvkdufaom rdef;uav;rSm usufyef;jzpf\/ usufyef;u atmfvdkufjcif;rSm taMumif;&Sd
onf/ apmapmu csKH;usef;wkdY 3 a,mufudk vifh[lcsKH;u wdkufckdufvdkufaom odkif;uGufrSm [dkaeYwkef;u
aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifh awGUqHkpOf ppfAdkvfBuD; xkwfvdkufaom odkif;uGufyif jzpfonf/ xkd"g;uGufudk
usufyef;ud,
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jrifrdMuawmh\/ ppfAdkvft0wftpm;rS t&yfom; t0wftpm;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;onfudk owdxm;vdkufrdMu
awmh\/ xkdYaMumifh ]ppfAdkvfBuD;} [k atmfvdkufjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
]]tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;}} [k atmfvdkufaomolrSm &Dvifjzpf\/ apmapmu vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmudk
taotcsm rawGU&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSef; rodcJhacs/ tjcm;vlwpfa,muf[kom xifaecJhonf/ ,ckrS taotcsm
awGUvdkuf&ojzifh tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;[k atmfvkdufrdjcif; jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;udk rawGU&onfrSm MumjrifhvSNyD/
,ckrarQmfvifhyJ awGUvkduf&aomtcg wpfudk,fvHk; wkef,ifoGm;NyD; rl;arhvJusrwwf jzpfoGm;&awmh\/
[efaqmif r&awmhrSef; odoGm;ojzifh vifh[cl sKH;u w[m;[m; atmf&,fvku
d fonf/ NyD;rS
]]acG;rom;awG . . . rif;wdkY 3 aumifudk [efqef;*kdPf;u q&mrBuD;awGu oem;vkdY nmvdkufwmudk vHk;0
trSwfonf;ajc r&SdMubl;/ [efqef;*kdPf;udk uvdefuuspfenf;eJY xyfNyD; 'kuay;csifMuao;w,f/ awmfawmf
aus;Zl;uef;wJh aumifawG/ igu 'Dvkdaus;Zl;uef;wJh tvkyfrsKd;qkd&if vHk;0Munfhr&wJh ppfAdkvfuG/ acG;aumifawG
. . . ighudk bmrSwfovJ . . . ig . . . ig . . .}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pum;udk qHk;atmif rajymEkdifawmhyJ vJusoGm;awmh\/ &Dvifu uref;uwef; ajy;vmum
ayGUxlvkdufNyD; ]]tpfudkBuD; . . . tpfudkBuD;}} [kac:um pdk;&drfwBuD; vIyfMunfhaeawmhonf/ csufcsif;vdkvdkyif
olru owd&jyD; 'gPf&mudk &SmazGvkdufonf/ ycHk;wGif BuD;rm;aom "g;'gPf&mrsm;tjyif vufarmif;wGifvnf;
'gPf&mrsm; &xm;aMumif; awGUvdkuf&ojzifh uref;uwef; olwdkY*dkPf;\ 'gPf&mvdrf;aq;udk xkwfum vdrf;ay;
vdkuf&onf/ aq;vHk;wpfvHk;udkvnf; yg;pyfxJodkY xnfhay;vkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
741
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usufyef;ESifh &dcsif;wkdYurl vifh[lcsKH;\ 'gPf&mrsm;udk ywfwD;pnf;ay;vkdufMu\/ tjcm;vlrsm;uvnf;

ab;rS pdk;&drfwBuD; rsufESmrsm;jzifh apmifhMunhfaeMuawmhonf/ [efqef;*kdPf;om; tm;vHk;u ,ckrSyif
vifh[lcsKH;udk ppfAdkvfBuD;rSef; odoGm;Muonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ aus;Zl;onf olwkdYtm;vHk;tay: tvGefBuD;vSonf/
vifh[lcsKH;aMumihfom olwkdYtm;vHk; toufcsrf;om&m &cJhMuonf/ xdkpOfu vifh[lcsKH;uom 0ifru,fcJhygu
oufwefYawmifukef;xdyf tm;vHk;aoqHk;cJhMuNyD; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
,ckawmh olwkdY\ aus;Zl;&SifBuD; 'gPf&m&NyD; arhvJoGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcg tm;vHk;vdkvdk ajcrukdifrd
vufrudkifrd jzpfoGm;Muawmhonf/ aq;xnfholxnfh? aoG;okwfolokw?f ywfwD;pnf;ay;olu pnf;ay;ESifh
ysm,mcwfjyD; vifh[lcsKH;udk jyKpkukoMuawmh\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf xdktjcif;t&mudk awGUjrif&aomtcg
yg;pyfta[mif;om;ESifh tvGefw&m tHhMoaeMuawmhonf/ &ufykcRef\ pdwfxJwGif
]]tif; . . . [efqef;*kdPf;&JU pnf;urf;[m tpu odyfaumif;wmyJ/ tckawmh b,fhES,f jzpfaewmvJ/
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wmvJ/ . . . [if; . . . tckrsm; jzpfaevdkufwm . . . tpfudkBuD; ac:wJhvluac:? ppfAdkvfBuD; ac:wJhvluac:eJY
bmawGjzpfaerSef;udk rodbl;/ 'Daumifu b,fwkef;u ppfxJ 0ifzl;vdkYvJ/ 'Dvdk uavuacsu ppfAdkvf rajymeJY
ppfom;awmif vkyfvdkY&rSm r[kwfbl;/ aygufu&awG jzpfaeyguvm;}}
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vuf[efajc[efjzifh tcsufjyvdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;udk owfjzwf&Sif;vif;ypfvdkuf [laom oabmyifjzpf\/
&d[dku rsufpdvsifvSol jzpfojzifh csKH;usef;\ tcsufjyvdkufjcif;udk aumif;pGm awGUjrifvdkuf&\/ xkdYaMumifh
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*krpdkufacs/ 3 a,mufru csKH;usef;xuf xufjrufaom xdyfoD;odkif;orm;BuD; 5 a,mufavmufudkrQyif
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odkYaomf rnfodkYrQ xGif;azmufjcif; rjyKEkdifacs/ aumif;acghrSm tavmwBuD; 0ifa&mufwkdufckduf vdkufonfwGif
[efqef;*kdPf;om; wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQudkyif xdckdufatmif rpGrf;aqmifEkdifonfhtjyif olYajcaxmufwGifyif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
742
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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csKH;usef;uvnf; taMumif;udk vHk;0rodacs/ xdkYaMumifh a,mifuef;uef; jzpfaeonfh xifyg;udk
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
743
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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_______
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
744
pmpOf (10)
pmpOf(10)
rmwdum
tceff;(63)
tcef;(64)
tcef;(65)
tcef;(66)
tcef;(67)
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hotrod
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hotrod
747
755
765
778
786
799
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&d[dku ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
747
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jzpfaecJhMuonf/ ,ckawmh xkdrQomruawmhay/ olwkdYudkyg xdcdkufapmfum;vmavNyD/ tcsKdUu "g;rsm;udk
qGJxkwfvdkufMuonf/ tcsKdUurl wkdufcdkuf&ef toifhjyifvkdufMuonf/
vdefvdefuvnf; ta&;rpkdufyJ jyefatmfvdkufonf/
]]&SifwkdYu uRefrudk trsm;eJY tEkdifusifhMur,fayghav/ [if;[if; ... &SifwkdYudkraMumufvdkY uRefru
vkdufvmwm ... od&JUvm;/ &SifwkdYudkaMumufae&if vkdufrvmbl; ... vmav ... owd&Sd&if vmprf;yg}}
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk uysmu,m wm;qD;vdkuf&if; vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]vdefvdef ... ightay: rif;u 'DavmufoHo,&SdaerSawmh igvnf; &Sif;rjywwfawmhbl;/ igwdkY*dkPf;xJrSm
opmazmufwJhvl b,folqdkwm ... olckd;u b,folqdkwm rif;vJodjyD;om;yJ}}
]]bmvJ .. pum;ajymwm &Sif;&Sif;ajymyg/ [dkvdkvdk 'Dvdkvdk ajymraeygeJY}}
]]avmifwuf ... rif;taeeJY avmifwufudk oGm;ar;Munfhygvm;/ rdk;BudK;twGif;tm; odkif;usrf;udk
cdk;wJhaumif[m bDvl;rD;"g;okdif;usrf;udk rcdk;bl;vdkY b,foltmrcHEikd frSmvJ/ 'DaumifhaMumifh nDav;vkdk
ao&w,f/ igvJ txifvGJcH&w,f}}
]]&Sif[m aumufuspf ,kwfrmwJhae&mrSmawmh yxrwef;yJ/ avmifwufudk &SifEIwfydwfNyD;awmhrS 'Dpum;ukd
ajymw,f}}
tHhvnf; tHhMo? wkefvnf; wkefvIyf? 0rf;vnf; 0rf;omoGm;onfh avoHjzifh vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]bm ... 'Daumihfudk q&mu owfypfvdkufNyD ... [kwfvm;}}
odkYar;vdkufjcif;rSm taMumif;&Sdonf/ avmifwufonf 0gqef;*dkPf;xJwGif olNyD;vQif 'kwd,
wynfhjzpfNyD; olYatmuf odkif;ynmtaumif;qHk;jzpfonf/ &ufykcRefudk,fwkdif rwkdufcdkufygu avmifwufudk
rnfolrQ owfEkdifvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
avmifwufaooGm;NyD[lonfh owif;twGuf oltvGef0rf;omrdonf/ oltvGefcspfvSaom nDav; vkkdudk
owfoGm;oljzpf avmifwuftm; tvGefaoapcsifaeonf/
odkYaomf vdefvdefurl ...
]]bmajymvkdufw,f/ &Sifudk,fwdkifowfNyD;rS bmjzpfvdkY tazowfw,f ajym&wmvJ/ uRefrtazudk
aoG;qmaewJh vlowform;jzpfatmif rajymygeJY}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMojzihf ...
]]rif;uighudk avmifwufudk owfygw,fvkdY vmNyD;pGyfpGJaewmudk;/ wu,fvdkY igowfawmhaum
bmjzpfovJ/ 0efrcH&Jp&mtaMumif; bmrSr&Sdbl;/ 'Daumifu q,fcgjyefavmuf aooifhwJhaumif/
ighvufeJYrowf&wmudk pdwfxJrSm uoduatmufjzpfrdw,f/ aooGm;vdkY i&Jjynfa&muf&ifawmif raumif;rI awG
qufvkyfr,hfaumifrsKd;/ 'DvdkvlrsKd;aovkYd vGrf;p&mrvkdbl;/ 0rf;om*kPf,lzkdYyJ&Sdw,f/ rif;u b,fES,fh vkyfighudk
&efpG,faigaigeJYvmjyD; &efawGUae&wmvJ/ avmifwufudk igrowfbl;qkdwm a[monf [efqef;wpf*kdPf;vHk;
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&Sif;jyDvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
753
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a'goxGuv
f mojzifh tmacgifajcmufrwwf vifh[lcsKH; &Sif;jyvkdufonf/ vdefvdefjzpfaeom rQ
&Sif;jyjcif; jzpfonf/ tjcm;vlqkdvQif &Sif;jyrnf r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf vdefvdefurl ...
]]'Dvdkqkd&if ... bmjzpfvkdY tpfudk&Spfudk &uf&ufpufpufowf&wmvJ ... &Sif[m tifrwef aoG;qmaewJh
vlowform;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rl;arhvJusrwwf jzpfoGm;&avawmhonf/ raumif;aom uHMurmonf rdrdESifh twl
,SOfwGJvdkufygkHru wpfcgwpf&H rdrdvnfukyfay:odkY cGpD;wwf ayao;onfwum;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
754
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
u,fwifjcif;
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;awmhonf/ olu
wkef,ifaom avoHjzifh vdefvdefYtm; vSr;f ajymvkdufonf/
]]nDav; &if;ayu ighudk vkdkavmufeD;yg; cspfwJhaumifav;yJ ... igu bmjzpfvdkY owf&rSmvJ}}
vdefvdefu ...
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ [kwfvm; ... &Sif[m raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;eJY yl;aygif;jyD;aemuf pdwfawGb,frSm rlrSefawmhvdkYvJ
... &Sifowfcsif&if owfrSmyJ ... b,forlY sufESmrS axmufrSm r[kwfb;l ... vl,kwfrm}}
ajymae&if;rS vdefvdefonf rsuf&nfrsm; wawGawGusvmawmh\/ rsuf&nfusaomfjim; olr\ rsufESmwGif
El;nHhaysmhajymif;rI vHk;0r&Sdacs/ cufxefrmaMumpGmjzifh quf atmfajymvkdufonf/
]]uJ ... vifrdefusufudk &SifowfwJhudpaum ajymjyprf;ygOD;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\tHhMorIum; txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;avNyD/ tHhMovGef;vSojzifh olYOD;acgif;wpfckvHk;
[if;vif;yGifhoGm;ouJhodkY xifrSwf&awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u ajcmufaoGUpGmjzifh ...
]]vifrdefusuf towfcH&w,f ... [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ towfcH&wmyJ/ 'gayr,fh uHaumif;vdkY &SifckwfvdkufwJh"g;csufu olYudk wpfcsuf wnf;eJY
aoatmifrowfEkdifcJhbl;/ ... ol ... ol ...}}
ajymae&if;rS vdefvdefonf usLusLygatmif idkavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH; oabmaygufoGm;acsjyD/
]]aMomf ... 'gPf&mjyif;jyif;xefxef &oGm;wmudk; ... olYudk b,folckwfvdkufw,fqdkwm olodvm;/
ajymjyEkdifovm;}}
]]ajymEdkifrvm;&Sifh/ raowmawmif uHaumif;vdkY/ olYaemufuae &Sifckwfvdkufwmudk olu b,fodrSmvJ/
ewfrsufpd&xm;&ifawmh odcsifodrSmayghav}}
vifh[lcsKH;\&ifxJwGif wif;Muyfvmonf/ a'goxGufvmonf/ rnfolYudk a'goxGuf&rSef;vnf; rodacs/
avmuMuD; wpfckvHk;udk jzdKcGJzsufqD;csifpdwf aygufaeawmh\/
]]vdefvdef ... Mum;&wJh owif;awGtwGuf igh&ifxJrSm wu,fhudkraumif;wmyg/ ... ig&Sif;jywmudk
em;axmifyg/ [kwf\r[kwf\ qHk;jzwfyg/ ighvdkvlrsKd;u vifrdefusufudkowfcsif&if aemufuae acsmif;jyD;
owfzkdYrvkdygbl;/ tckvuf&Sd igh&JU "g;odkif;ynm[m rif;odxm;wJh t&ifwkef;u "g;odkif;ynmeJYqdk&if rdk;eJY
ajravmuf uGmjcm;aeygjyD/ igh"g;wpfcsuf xkwfvkdufwmeJY bm"g;uGufrSef;rjrifyJeJY aooGm;Ekdifygw,f/ igom
wu,fowf&if vifrdefusuf raor&Sdygbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
755
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;udk rnfonhfpum;rQrjyefawmhyJ vdefvdefu olr\jrif;udk wpfzufodkY qGJvSnfhvdkufonf/

xdkYaemuf jrif;udk w&Murf; pD;xGufoGm;awmhonf/
cyfvSr;f vSrf;odkY a&mufaomtcg vSrf;atmfajymvdkufonfrSm ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... vifrdefusufom wpfckck jzpfoGm;&ifawmh &Sifhudk .. &Sifhudk .. uRefr ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl xkdae&myif ai;aMumifaerdawmh\/ qdk;0g;vSaom uHMurmudk pdwfem&rnfvm;/
pdwfqkd;&rnfvm; rodawmhay/
csifuRrf;u ...
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&Dvifu...
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tajymtqkdrwwfwmawmh rSefygw,f... 'gayr,fh rrwkdYu tJ'DvdkrusdefqJ&bl;uG,fh...}}
kwfw&uf wpfpHkwpfckudk owd&vdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;OD;acgif;xJwGif jydK;ueJ jyufueJ jzpfoGm;onf/
]]&dcsif; ... ightaeeJY rif;wkdYqDrSm tultnDwpfckawmif;csifygw,f... ulnDygvdkYvnf awmif;yefygw,f...}}
&dcsif;u... ]]ajymyg tpfudkMuD; ... uRefrwdkY bmtultnD ay;&rvJ}}
]]'Dvdkyg... vifrdefusufqdkwm igh&JU*dkPf;wlnDav;yg/ vdefvdefajymwJh pum;t&qkd&if olY'gPf&mu
awmfawmfav; jyif;xefaew,fqdkwmod&w,f... rif;wkdY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "g;'gPf&mvdrf;aq;u odyftpGrf;
xufwmqkdawmh ...}}
]]aMomf ... tpfudkMuD;u uRefrudk zkusufe,fudkjyefoGm;jyD; vifrdefusuf&JU 'gPf&mudk aq;ukay;zkdY
ajymcsifwmudk; ... jzpfygw,f ... uRefrjyefoGm;jyD; aq;ay;vdkufyghr,f/ &dTif .. igeJYvdkufcJh .. igwdkY
zkusufe,fbufjyefvSnfhMupdkY}}
]]0rf;omvdkufwm ... rif;wkdY&JUaus;Zl;uawmh MuD;vSygayw,f ...}}
odkYaomf &dcsif;u rausrcsrf;jzihfajymvdkufonf/
]]raeYnupjyD; tpfudkMuD;u uRefrwdkYeJY wpfcskdefvHk;&SdaewmyJ... b,ftcsdefoGm;jyD; vlowfEkdifrSmvJ... 'gu
oufoufrJh tpfudkMuD;udk oGm;ykyfavvGihf pGyfpGJwJhudpyJ ... tcktpfudkMuD;u &Sif;jywmudkawmh wcGef;rS
vufrcHbl; ... olajymcsifwmawGyJ pGwfajymjyD; tpfudkMuD;ukd w&m;cHvkyfoGm;wmyJ .. udpr&Sdygbl; ...
tpfudkMuD;&JUq&m &ufykcRefudk uRefrwkdY &Sif;jyvkdufyghr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;url rJhNyHK;wpfcsuf NyHK;vdkufrd\/
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olY pdwfxJrS ajymvkdufrdonf/
]]tif; ... rif;wkdYu bmrSrodao;yJudk;... ighq&mudk,fwdkifu ighudk owfypfcsifavmufatmif txifvGJaewJh
udpudk rif;wkdYu b,fvdkvkyf&Sif;jyEkdifrSmvJ... rif;wkdYudk atmfaigufrxkwf&ifawmif uHaumif;yJ...}}
onfhaemufwGifawmh &dcsif;wkdYESpfa,muf xGufcGmoGm;&mtaemufodkY ai;armMunfhaerd\/ olwdkY rxGufcGgrD
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vifh[lcsKH;url ...
]]'gPf&mu tay:,HaMumav;yg... rjzpfpavmufav;udk bmrsm;*kpdkuf&rSmvJ/ nDrav;wkdY&JU vdrf;aq;u
odyftpGrf;xufwJhOpmyJ/ rMumcif aysmufoGm;rSmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aom &DvifrSm wD;wdk;ajymvdkufrdonf/
]]uRefrodygw,fav... tpfudkMuD;&JU 'gPf&mu ESvHk;om;rSmqdkwm ...}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
756
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&mufvmawmhonf/
[efqef;q&mrMuD;rsm; tydwfcHae&onfqkdaom e*g;awmifMum;qdkonfrSm usufeefjrdKU\ awmif
buf,Gef;,Ge;f wGif wnf&Sdonf/ olwkdYonf awmifzufodkY c&D;jyif;ESifMujyefonf/ rMumrDyif awmifwuf
vrf;odkY a&mufvmawmhonf/
awmifay:wufonfh c&D;vrf;wpfavQmufvHk;wGif vsKdU0Sufvufeufrsm;? "m;tusKd;rsm;udk awGUMu&onf/
wkdufyGJMuD;wpf&yf jzpfyGm;cJhjcif;\ t&dyfvuPmrsm;yifwnf;/ wpfae&mwGif &d[dku [mueJ atmfvdkufum
csKHykwfwpfckxJrS "m;wpfacsmif;udk qGJxkwfvdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;tm; jyo&if; ...
]]'g ... 'g ... [efqef;*kdPf;&JU "m;yJ tpfudkMuD;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ]]rif;wkdYq&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&DwdkYESpfa,mufuawmh &efolawGeJY 'Dae&mrSm tjyif; txef
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olwkdY*dkPf;wlnt
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om;rsm;\ &ifxJwGif ydk av;vHvmawmhonf/
e*g;awmifMum;rSm tvGefw&m qdk;0g;Murf;wrf;vSonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wdkYrSm oHk;rkdifcefYrQ oGm;jyD;aemuf
vrf;paysmufum tcuftcJawGUawmhonf/
xdkpOfrSmyif awmif\taemufzufrS rD;cdk;vHk;wpfvHk; kwfw&uf wufvmonfudk awGUvkduf&ojzifh
oJvGefp&um vifh[lcsKH;u atmfvkdufonf/
]]uJ... tm;vHk;yJ owd0D&d, xm;Muawmh/ [dkzufudk tjrefqHk; oGm;Mur,f...}}
rD;cdk;vHk;rsm;&Sd&modkY csufcsif;ajy;oGm;Mu&m awmifukef;MuD;wpfck\ aemufzufrS xGufaeaMumif; awGU
vdkuf&onf/ awmifukef;MuD;udk rauGUywfvQifrjzpfojzifh auGYywfavQmufMu&jyefonf/ odkYjzifh aemuf
qHk;wGif awmifukef;MuD;aemufzufrS csKdih0f Srf;MuD;qDokdY a&mufvmawmhonf/
csKdifh0Srf;MuD;rSm rD;[kef;[kef;awmufavmifvsuf&Sdaeojzifh apmapmu olwkdYawGUcJhaom rD;cdk;vHk;MuD;rsm;
jzpfay:vm&jcif; jzpfayawmhonf/
xdktcdkuf a&SUqHk;rS vifh[lcsKH;onf ausmufwHk;MuD;wpfwHk;\ tuG,fodkY &dyfueJ wdk;uyfvkdufjyD; aemufrS
pDwef;vdkufygvmaom &d[dkwkdYtm;vnf; toHrxGuf&ef vuf[efjyvdkufonf/
wpfqufwnf;yif olwkdYa&SUrS vloHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ touftG,f tawmftwef MuD;aejyD
jzpfyHk&aom vlMuD;wpfa,muf\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]wifh&Sef ... wifh&D/ 'DaeYawmh rif;wkdYESpfa,mufukd ewfjynfa&mufoGm;atmif apwemeJY igwdkY ydkYay;vkduf
r,f/ pdwfajzmifhajzmifheJY oGm;Muayawmh/ 'DtwGufawmh aus;Zl;rwifygeJY/ [m;[m;[m;}}
xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,mufrSm vGefpGmtm;wufoGm;\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]][if;... awmfygao;&JU/ igwkdY aemufrusao;bl;? q&mrMuD;ESpfa,mufpvHk; &SdaeMuao;w,f/ 'gqkd&if
igwdkY aumif;aumif;u,fEkdifjyD...}}
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]]wu,fawmh rif;wkdYudk igwkdYu rowfcsifygbl;/ rowfcsifvdkYvnf; *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk wpf*dkPf;wnf;
jzpfatmif yl;aygif;MuzdkY pnf;Hk;aqG;aEG;Muwmaygh ... ckawmh rif;wkdYu vHk;0oabmrwlbl;/ oabmrwlawmh
bmjzpfovJ/ odkif;avmurSm 'DaeYupjyD;awmh [efqef;*dkPf;qdkwm r&SdbJjzpfoGm;awmhwmaygh ... [m; ... [m;
... [m; ...}}
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wpfoHu ta&SUajrmufzufrS xGufay:vmonf/ ,cktcsdefwGifum; csKdifh0Srf;MuD;twGif;rS rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;
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xGufaygufr&SdyJ ydwfrdae[efwlonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
757
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,cktcsdefonf apmifhqkdif;&eftcsdef r[kwfawmhNyDudkodojzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf "m;udkqJGxkwf&if; atmf

[pfvdkufonf/
]]acG;rsKd;awG ... rif;wkdYu [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrMuD;awGudkvkyfMuHzdkY MudK;pm;Muwmayghav ... paum
avmufrS apmufreuf yufyufpufpufMuHwJh aumifawG ... rif;wdkYtm;vHk; vufeufcsprf;/ [efqef;*dkPf;&JU
r[mrdwf *kdPf;tzGJYawG a&mufvmjyDa[h...}}
atmf[pf&if;rS csKdifh0Srf;MuD;twGif;odkY vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf ajy;qif;oGm;avawmhonf/
odkYaomf csKdifh0Srf;MuD;t0if0 opfvHk;MuD;rsm;? opfudkif;MuD;rsm; ydwfqdkYwm;qD;xm;ojzihf csufcsif; r0ifEdkifyJ
wpfxpfjcif; ckefausmfae&awmhonf/ twGif;zufodkY a&mufaomtcgwGifrl ae&mtESHYtjym; rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;
pGJavmifaeavjyD/ ta&SUzufwGif ausmuf*lMuD;ESpfvHk;udk awGUvdkuf&aomfvnf; vlwpfa,mufrQ rawGU&acs/
vifh[lcsKH;u atmf[pfar;jref;vkdufonf/
]]q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef? wifh&D/ [efqef;*dkPf;u ppfulawGa&mufvmjyD ... bmrS rpdk;&drfMueJYawmh...}}
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]]q&mrMuD;wkdY ... uRefrwdkY a&mufvmjyD... [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG tm;vHk; a&mufvmMujyD...}}
"m;csif;kdufcwfoHrsm; Mum;vkduf&jyD; rsm;rMumrDyif *lxJrSvlwpfa,muf ckefxGufvmonf/ xdkvl\
wpfukd,fvHk;rSm aoG;rsm;zHk;vTrf;aeojzifh rnfolrSef; kwfw&ufrodMuacs/ taotcsm Munfhvkdufaomtcg
wifh&Dr,foDv&ifMuD; jzpfaeaMumif; awGUvkduf&onf/ olrvufxJwGif "m;&Snfwpfacsmif; udkifpGJxm;onf/
wpfudk,fvHk;wGif aoG;rsm;ayusHvsuf tuFsDrsm;pkwfjyJaeaomfvnf; toufomtaocHrnf/ b,fawmhrS
'l;raxmuf? vufrajrmuf[laom rmeftjynfht0&Sdojzifh vGefpGmcefYnm;vSawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;udk awGUaomtcg olru ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
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766
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767
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
768
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olru pum;udk rqufyJ usufyef;zufvn

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
770
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yifwnf;/ olu rsufESmudk wpfcsufIHYvkdufjyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;uawmh 'D&ufawGrSm awmfawmfav; aysmfaew,fayghav? [kwfvm; ...}}
]]raysmfygbl; q&mMuD;/ 'D&ufawGrSm ulnDoifhwJhvlawGukd uRefawmfulnDcJhygw,f/ tckvnf;
q&mrMuD;wifh&Sef&JU trdefYt& [efqef;*dkPf;u nDrav;awGudkac:jyD; a&Smifvif*dkPf;udkoGm;zdkY c&D;xGufvm
wmyg/ uRefawmf b,favmufyJ t&ufaomufaomuf? b,favmufyJ rdkufrdkuf? nDrav;awG tay:rSm awmh
pdwfeJYawmif rjypfrSm;cJhygbl; ...}}
oufjyif;csoHwpfcsuf q&mMuD;armfwm;xHrS xGufay:vmonf/ ol\avoHrSmvnf; csufcsif;El;nH
aysmhajymif;oGm;\/
]]ig ... 'Dig;&uftwGif;rSm nwkdif;nwkdif; rif;wkdY&JU avSay:udkwufwufjyD; acsmif;Munfhcw
Jh ,f...}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJrS ... ]][m ... igvHk;0 rodcJhygvm;...}}
]]at; ... rif;tHhMooGm;w,f r[kwfvm;/ xm;ygav/ 'gu ta&;r[kwfygbl;/ nna&muf&if rif;u
avSxdk;om;awGMum;rSm oGm;tdyfw,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;u rdef;uav;awGudk &dwdwd? jyDwDwD rvkyfbl;/
rapmfum;bl;/ pum;awmif odyfrajymbkl; ...}}
q&mMuD;armfwm; avSay:wufMunfhcJhonfqdkjcif;udk vifh[lcsKH; oHo,r&Sdawmhacs/ tm;vHk;odae onf
r[kwfygvm;/ q&mMuD;armfwm;u qufajymonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
771
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u awmfawmfav; pdwf"gwfcdkifrmwJhvlyJ/ 'Dvkd acsmacsmvSvS rdef;uav; awGMum;xJrSm

'DavmufwnfwnfjidrfjidrfeJY udk,fhpdwfudk,f xdef;odrf;Ekdifw,fqdkwm wu,fa,mufsm;yDowJh vlrS vkyfEkdifwmyJ/
igrif;udk wu,fyJ csD;usL;ygw,f/}}
ajym&if;rS t&ufudk cGufxJxnfhvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;xHodkY q&mMuD;armfwm;u urf;ay;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u tdktaoay;um vSrf;,lvkdujf yD;aemuf EIwfrSajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mMuD; ... uRefawmfhudk 'Davmuf rcsD;usL;ygeJY/ uRefawmfhtwGif;pdwfudk q&mMuD;rodvdkY 'Davmuf
csD;usL;aewmyg/ ... wu,fawmh uRefawmfvJ ykxkZOfyJ/ b,frSm pdwfrvIyf&Sm;? razmufjyefyJ aeyghrvJ/
azmufjyefwmaygh/ 'gayr,fh rvkyfoifhwJh tvkyfrdkY udk,fhukd,fudk xdef;xm;wmyg}}
q&mMuD;armfwm;u w[m;[m; atmf[pf&,farmavawmh\/ olY&,foHu t&ufqkdif wpfckvHk; [def;oGm;
awmhonf/
]]at; ... rif;pum;u tyGifhvif;qHk;yJ/ a,mufsm;qdkwm 'DvdkrSaygh/ a&mh .. aemufwpfcGuf}}
vifh[lcsKH;udk urf;ay;&if; olvnf;wpfcGuf armhvkdufjyefonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;\ kyf&nfESifh t0wftpm;rsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;u rodrom tuJcwfvdkufonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;\ [efyefrSm vlwdkY txifwMuD;0wfqifonfh t0wfwefqmtqiftjyifrsm;udk vHk;0
y,fxm;jyD; jzpfovdkae jzpfovdkpm; [ef&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh awmom;wpfa,mufuJhodkY a[mif;EGrf;pkwfjywf
aya&aejyD; *dP
k f;csKyfMuD;wpfa,mufEiS fh vHk;0rwlonfudkawGU&\/
odkYaomf ywf0ef;usifudk wpfcgwpf&H a0hMunfhvkdufonfh tMunfhrsm;url tvGefw&mcHhnm;rSef; awGU&Sd&\/
odkY&mwGif xkdodkY cefYnm;rIrsm;onf csufcsif;yif aysmufuG,foGm;jyD; awmom;MuD; wpfa,muf\ [efyefrsKd;
csufcsif; jyefay:vmwwfjyef\/
]][efqef;*dkPf;&JU q&mrMuD;wifh&Sefuawmh El;nHhodrfarGUw,f/ xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfq&mMuD;uawmh
tajymtqdk oGufvufvdrmw,f/ ighq&m&ufykcRefuawmh ,Ofaus;&nfrGefw,f/ 'Dq&mMuD; armfwm;us
jyefawmh olY&JU cefYnm;wJh [efyefawGtukefvHk; zHk;tkyfxm;wwfw,f/ tif; ... *kdPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU q&mMuD;awG
tm;vHk;[m vufkH;&nfomru ESvk;H &nfyg jynfh0wJhvlMuD;awGygvm;}}
xdktcdkuf q&mMuD; armfwm;u ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... igh&JU *dkPf;wlnDav; vsKdusufzkef;udk rif;tultnDay;jyD;wJhaemufykdif; ighpdwfxJrSm rif;udk
cifrifvmcJhrdw,f ... 'Dvkdpum;rsKd;udk igtifrwefajymcJw,fqdkwm rif;odvm; ... tckawmh rif;eJY
awhawmhqkdifqdkif awGUvkduf&awmhrS rif;&JUpdwf"gwfudk igydkjyD;awmh oabmusvmw,f/ 'gayr,fh ...}}
ajymae&if;rS pum;udk &yfum q&mMuD; armfwm;u t&ufcGufxJodkY t&ufrsm; oGefxnfhvkduf onf/
cGufjynfhoGm;aomtcg ukefatmif armhaomufvkdufjyefonf/ jyD;rS ...
]]'gayr,fh ... 'D[efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&ifawGeJY 'Davmufa&maezkdY rif;rSm bmtaMumi;fjycsufrS r&Sdbl;/
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JUorD;u rif;tay: b,favmuf arwmxm;w,fqkdwm odkif;avmu wpfckvHk;
od&JUom;eJY rif;rodbl;qdkwm odyftHhMop&maumif;aew,f/ b,fvkdyJ jzpfjzpf/ olYaus;Zl;awG rif;tay:rSm
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vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESm &SufaoG;wpfcsuf vTrf;oGm;jyD;...
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ywfoufjyD; uRefawmfhESvHk;om;awG uGJaMucJh&vdkY aemufxyftcspfopf r&Smvdkawmhygbl;}}
ajym&if;rS *dkPf;wlnDrav; vdefvdefudk owd&vmrdojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u tl;ozG,f w[m;[m;
atmf[pf&,farmrdawmhonf/
]]q&mMuD; ... uRefawmf a&vdkufvGJaewm/ wu,fawmh uRefawmfu bkef;MuD;0wfoifhwm/ 'gayr,fh
bkef;MuD;awG t&ufraomuf&bl;qkdvdkY bkef;MuD;r0wf&JawmhyJ vl0wfaMumifjzpfaeNyD; 'kursm;ajrmif vlYabmif
xJrSm 'kujzpfae&wmyg [m;...[m;...[m;...}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf [uf[ufyufyuf &,farmvdkuf\/ odkYaomfol\&,foH Tifvef;wufMuGrI vHk;0ryg/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
772
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oa&mfavSmifajymifrI vHk;0ryg/ xdk&,foH\aemufuG,f idkaMuG;aMuuGaJ erIomt&dyfyrm uyfygvmonf/

twefMumrS [efqef;*dkPf;ESifh rnfuho
J dkYawGUcJh&yHk? rnfodkYMum;0if ulnDcJh&yHkudk ajymjyvdku\
f /
q&mMuD; armfwm;onf t&ufwpfcGuf armhaomufvkdufum ...
]]aMomf ... usdvifxefu usefwJh*dkPf;av;*dkPf;pvHk;udk 0g;rsKdypfcsifaewmudk;/ 'DawmhrS olu a&Smifvif?
[lwef;wdkYeJY oHk;yGifhqdkif ykcHk;csif;jydKifEdkifrSmaygh/ 'Daumifu tifrwef tMuHMuD;wJhaumifyJ/ 'DaumifhrSm
tJonftMuHtpnf&Sdaewm igodwmMumygjyD/ 'gayr,fh tckvdk ajymifajymifwif;wif; [efqef; *dkPf;udk
vkyf&Jr,fvkdYawmh igrxifcJhrdbl;/ 'DtcsufrSmawmh 'DaumifawG odumtawmfusoGm;wmaygh/ rvG,fbl; ...
odyfrvG,fbl;/ usdvifxef olYtMuHtwkdif; taumiftxnfazmfEkdifzkdY odyfrvG,fvSbl;...}}
]]q&mMuD;xifovdk ajymifajymifwif;wif; BuD;MuHpnfwmawmh r[kwfao;bl;q&mMuD;&JU/ olwkYd yxr
pDpOfxm;wmu
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om; [efaqmifxm;wJhvlawGu [efqef;*dkPf;udk zdwkdufr,f?
[efqef;*dkPf; tusOf;tusyfjzpfaecsdefrSm olwkdYu u,fwif&SifMuD;awG0ifvkyfr,f/ jyD;awmhrS [efqef;*dkPf; udk
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olwkdY tMuD;tus,f 'kua&mufoGm;awmhwmyJ ... 'gayr,fh wifh&Sefq&mrMuD;awG zufrSmawmh
ajymifajymifwif;wif;udk tMurf;zufwmyJ/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG awmfawmfuav; aoaMu 'Pf&m&
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q&mMuD;armfwm;u acgif;ndwfvdkufonf/
]]'Daumif&JU aemufajcvSrf;udk igodw,f/ xkdufqef;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifudk wkdufckdufrSm
aocsmw,fuG/ ... [if; ... okdif;avmuom;awG&JU yg;pyfxJrSm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;udk qdk;w,f/ ,kwfrm
w,f/ aumufuspfw,fvdkY wzGzG ajymaeMuw,f/ tckMunfhprf;/ usdvifxef qdk;0g;,kwfrmyHkawGudk
Munfhprf;ygOD;/ raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;awG vdkufrSDao;&JUvm; ...}}
vlwkdY\ tajymwjcm;? tvkyfwjcm;jzpfaeonfudkpOf;pm;&if; q&mMuD;armfwm;rSm acgif;w,rf;,rf;
jzpfaerdawmh\/ xkdvlrsm;udk tvGefpdwfysufaeyHkvnf; &\/
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rvkdawmhbl;/ odkif;avmuom;awGu tl;awGvdkowfrSwfjyD; ajymaeMuwJh txufvrf;*dkPf;? atmufvrf;
*dkPf;? bm*dkPf;? nm*dkPf;awG cGJjcm;raeeJYawmhuG/ pdwfvnf; xdcdkufraeeJ/Y bkef;MuD;vnf; 0wfraeeJY/
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU orD;udkom ,lvkdufayawmh/ 'gudk ,l&aumif;vm;qdkjyD; txufvrf;*dkPf;
uaumifawG b,folvmvm? rvmvm igvmcJhr,f/ rif;wdkY&JU r*Fvmt&ufudk b,folaomufaomuf?
raomufaomuf/ igvmaomufr,f/ [m; ... [m; ... b,folYaMumuf&rSmvJuG...}}
yxr pdwfysufvufysuf jzpfaeaomfvnf; ajym&if;rS aemufydkif;wGif q&mMuD;armfwm;rSm
tawmrowfatmif &,farmaeawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&uf jzwfar;vkdufonf/
]]q&mMuD; ... a&Smifvif*P
dk f;ubkef;MuD;awGu b,fawmhrS r[kwfwmrvkyfMuygbl;/ olwkdYu bmjzpfvkdY
tJonfrdef;uav;udk zrf;xm;wmvJ}}
q&mMuD;armfwm;rSm rsufvHk;jyL;rsufqefjyL; jzpfoGm;jyD; ...
]]bk&m;a& ... vifh[lcsKH; ... odkif;avmuom;awG tm;vHk;odaeMuwJhudpudk rif;rodbl;aygh ... [kwfvm;}}
]]uRefawmf b,fhES,fvkyfodrvJ/ oHk;vausmfausmfavmuf olrsm;zrf;xm;wm cHae&wJhOpm/ odkif;
avmurSm bmawGjzpfaew,fqkdwm uRefawmf bmrSrod&ygbl;}}
]]atmf ... rif;u wu,frodbl;vm;/ iguawmh odvsufom;eJY wrif a&Smifaewmrsm;vm;vdkY ... 'DvkduG ...
rif;&JUtwGif;'Pf&m aysmufuif;oGm;atmif atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;awG tm;vHk;u ulnDukoay;Muw,f r[kwf
vm;}}
]][kwfuJh ... ukay;Muygw,f/ ... 'gayr,fh ...}}
]]... 'gayr,fh raysmufcJhbl;/ tck rif;&JUa&m*g b,fvkdaysmufoGm;wmvJ/ tvkdvdkae&if;eJYawmh
aysmufroGm;Ekdifbl;/ a&Smifvifausmif;&JU taMumavQmhodkif;ynmudk avhusifhvdkufvdkY aysmufoGm;wm r[kwf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
773
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vm;}}
]][m ... r[kwfygbl;/ a&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmfMuD;zef;wif;u uRefawmfhudk a&Smifvif*kdPf;xJ
0ifckdif;w,f/ 0ifjyD;&if tJonf taMumavQmhokid f;ynmudk oifay;r,fvkdYajymygw,f
... cufwmu
taESmiftzGJYeYJ vkyfckdif;wmrsKd;udk uRefawmfu oabmruswwfbl;/ 'Dawmh twGif;'gPf&m raysmuf&ifvJ
aeygapawmh/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;xJawmh r0ifbl;qdkjyD; a&mufcsif&ma&muf? aygufcsif&mayguf xGufvmcJhwmyJ}}
]]bm .. rif;awmfawmf t wJhaumifygvm;/ 'DvkdtcGifhta&;rsKd;udk vufvTwfypfvdkufw,f [kwfvm;/
vlrkduf...}}
]][kwfygw,fq&mMuD; ... ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ay;wJh tcGifhta&;MuD;[m wu,fhr[m
tcGifhta&;MuD;ygyJ ... 'gayr,fh...}}
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;[m 'Davmuf t vdrfh? wHk;vdrfhr,fvdkY wpfcgrS igrxifcJhrdbl; ... 'gayr,fh bmjzpfvJ/
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uRefawmhfukd i,fi,fuav;wnf;u auR;arG;jyKpk
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uRefawmfu a&Smifvif*dkPf;xJ0ifvdkuf&if 0gqef;*dkPf;u jyefjyD;vufcHzkdYudpu b,fjzpfEkdifawmhrvJ/
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q&mMuD;armfwm;rSm pOf;pm;vkdufjyD;aemuf acgif;ndwfum ...
]]at; ... rif;awG;wmvJ rqdk;ygbl;/ 'Dvkdqdk&if rif;&JU twGif;'Pf&m aysmufuif;cJhwmu wjcm;
taMumif;wpfckaMumifhaygh/ [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,fq&mMuD;/ a&Smifvifausmif;u ukay;vkdufvdkY r[kwfygbl;}}
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odkif;ynmudk rif;udkoifay;zkdY bmjzpfvkdY oabmwl&ovJqdkwm rif;od&JUvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... uRefawmf rodygbl;}}
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]]Asm ... vif;vif; .. vif;vif;u ...}}
]]at; ... [kwfw,f ... vif;vif;qdkwJh rdef;uav;u a&Smifvifausmif;u q&mawmfMuD;awGeJY awGUjyD;
awmif;qdkw,fwJh/ rif;&JUtoufudk u,fay;ygvdkY/ rif;&JUtoufudkom u,fay;Ekdif&if a&Smifvif*dkPf;u olYudk
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q&mMuD;armfwm;\ pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm rl;arhvJusrwwf jzpfoGm;awmh\/
todaemufusavjcif;[l cHpm;&jyD; olw
Y pfudk,fvHk; aZmacR;rsm; jyefvmawmh\/
ol\OD;aESmufxJwGif xkdpOfu tjzpftysufrsm; w&dyf&dyfjyefay:vm\/ a&tdkifuav; &Sdaom
awmifMum;csKdifh0Srf; twGif;wGif vif;vif;ESifhtwl &SdaepOfu wpfaeYwpfjcm; ydefcsKH;vmjyD; ao&awmhrvdk
jzpfvmyHkrsm;ESifh ... wpfn rdrdtdyfae&mrS idkoHMum;ojzifh vSnfhMunhfvdkufaomtcg vif;vif;idkaeonfudk
awGU& rdrdu ridk&ef ajymvdkufyHkrsm;udk jyefvnf jrifa,mifvmrdawmhonf/
vif;vif;u rsuf&nfvnf&TJjzifh ...
]]tpfudk .. wpfaeYwpfjcm; ydefydefvmw,f/ uRefr .. uRefr ...}}
vif;vif;\ xkdpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&jyD; rdrdowdvpfoGm;jyef\/ jyefvnfowd&vmaomtcg
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;twGif;odkY a&mufaeavjyD/ rnfodkYa&mufoGm;cJhonfudk rodcJhacs/ ,ck q&mMuD; armfwm;
ajymjyawmhrS vif;vif;onf olr\toufukdyHktyfjyD; rdrdtm; u,fwifvkdufrSef; od&awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ ESvHk;om;rSm emusifrIudk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ olYrsufvHk;rsm;rS rsuf&nfrsm;yif 0Jvm awmhonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;u oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkuf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
774
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Drdef;uav;u raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u jzpfwmawmhrSefw,f/ 'gayr,fh rif;tay:rSm arwmw&m;

MuD;rm;yHkuawmh pHerlem ,lavmufygw,fuGm/ rif;tay:rSm 'Dvdkpdwfxm;rsKd;xm;wJh rdef;uav; wa,muf
&Sdw,fqkdwm tifrwef *kPf,lp&maumif;w,fuG/ ... tif; ... olYtwGuf qdk;0g;wJh tcsufwpfcsuf uawmh
olu a&Smifvif*P
dk f;om; oHk;av;a,mufavmufudk xdcdkuf'Pf&m&atmif vkyfzl;xm;wmyJ/ olu a&Smifvif&JU
&efolwpfa,muf jzpfaejyD...}}
qdkYepfaMuuGJaeojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm pum;yif jyefrajymEkdifawmhay/ ZmwfaMumif;pHkudk vifh[lcsKH;
od&SdoGm;ap&ef q&mMuD;armfwm;u qufajymjyvdkufonf/
]]a&Smifvif*dkPf;ukdoGm;&if olYtzkdYtouf&SifEkdifp&mvrf;r&Sdbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif;toufudku,fzdkY olu
bmudkrSta&;rpdkufawmhbl;/ rif;udk a&Smifvifbkef;BuD;awG&JuvufxJ tyfawmhwmyJ? tckawmh ... olYudk
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JU taemufzufausmuf*lxJrSm ydwfxm;w,fwJh ...}}
]]q&mMuD;ajymovkdqkd&if vif;vif;[m a&Smifvifausmif;rSm tusOf;cscHae&wm tawmfMumjyDaygh...}}
]]MumjyDayghuGm/ rif;udktyfwJhaeYuwnf;u 'DaeYtxdqdkawmh pOf;pm;Munfhayawmh/ 'Drdef;uav;&JU
vufatmufi,fom;awGuvnf; trsm;MuD;/ u,fxkwfzdkY MuKd;pm;Muw,f/ 'DvxJrSm a&Smifvifbk&m;
ausmif;wpfckvHk; wpf&ufrS jidrfjidrfoufoufr&SdcJhbl;/ a&Smifvifausmif;xJrSm zrf;rdcHvkduf&wJhvlaygif; 100
ausmfoGm;jyDvdkY ajymMuw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ][m} ueJjzpfoGm;awmh\/ ol,Hkygonf/ vlrsm;onf vif;vif;twGufqkdvQif
olwdkY\toufudk wpfcgr[kwf q,fcgjyefpGefY&efyif 0efrav;olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ [lyg;awmifukef;xdyf rdrdtm;
{nhfcHyGJjyKvkyfjcif;? aq;ukay;jcif;wdkYonf vif;vif;xHrS rsufESmaumif;&vkd vkyfay;Mujcif;jzpf onf/
,ckawmh vif;vif;twGuf olwkdY &mESifhcsD tzrf;qD;cHaeMu&avjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vdkufjyefonf/
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q&mMuD;armfwm;u oufjyif;cs ...
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cyf&rf;&rf; vlawGcsnf;yJ/ 'gayr,fh 'DaumifawGu awG;ac:ajrmfjrifEdkifwOJh mPfawmh&Sdw,f/ 'Dwpfcg oGm;
u,f&wJhudp[m vG,fvG,fuav;r[kwfrSef;awmh odw,f/}}
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a&Smifvif*P
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pOf;pm;rdMuw,f... tJonfvkd pkpnf;zdkYqdkwmu acgif;aqmifvkyfr,fhvl vdkvmjyefa&m/ 'DrSmwif olacgif;
aqmifvkyfr,f/ igacgif;aqmifvkyfr,fqdkjyD; owfMujzwfMuyga&m}}
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]]q&mMuD; qufjyD; trdefY&SdygOD;}}
]]bmqufajym&awmhrSmvJuG/ 'gygyJ/ 'DrSmnDav; .. igtMuHwpfckay;r,f/ rif;om tjrefqHk;vdkuf oGm;yg/
olwkdYtm;vHk;udk xdef;csKyfEkdifr,fhvlqv
kd dkY rif;wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdw,f/ rif;&JUpum;omqkd&if b,folrS
em;raxmifyJ rae&Jbl;uG .. [m;...[m;...[m;...}}
ajymae&if;rS q&mMuD;armfwm;u w[m;[m;&,fvkdufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsufESmrxm;wwf
atmifjzpfoGm;awmh\/ q&mMuD;armfwm;\ pum;onf tvGefrSef\/ atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf rdrdukd
vif;vif;\ cspfoltjzpf owfrSwfxm;&m rdrd\pum;ukd tb,frSmvQif em;raxmifyJaeygtHhenf;/
odkYaomf odkYvkyfvkdufygu aemufykdif; vif;vif;omodoGm;vQif olr\a'gorD;awmif aygufuGJ
Ekdifjyef\/ vifh[lcsKH;u qufpOf;pm;vkdufonf/
]]vif;vif;u ightay: odyfjyD;arwmxm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh t&Sufuvnf; odyfMuD;w,f/ igeJY ywf oufjyD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
775
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olrsm; tajymtqdkcH&r,fh udpudk odyfaMumufw,f/ aMumufr,fqkdvnf; aMumufp&maygh/ a,mufsm;av;u

rydk;&yJ rdef;uav;u ydk;qdkwJhpum;rsKd; jzpfaeawmh rdef;uav;rSm b,fodum&SdawmhrvJ/ 'Dawmh
olpdk;&drfaMumufGHUwmudk tjypfajymp&m r&Sdawmhbl;aygh}}
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]]vif;vif;&JU aus;Zl;awG ightay:rSm wyHkwyifMuD;&Sdaew,f/ b,folu udk,fhtoufpGefYjyD; ighudk
u,frvJ/ olYaus;Zl;udk igjyefqyf&r,f/ jyefqyf&ma&mufatmif vkyf&r,fhenf;vrf; wpfckwnf;&Sdw,f/ ...
vifh[lcsKH;qdkwJhaumif[m vif;vif;qdkwhrJ def;uav;udk cspfvGef;vdkY toufukdawmify"gerxm;yJ vmu,f
w,fqdkwJh tjzpfrsKd;a&mufatmifvkyfjy&r,f}}
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aqmifGuf&efvnf; oEdXmefcsvdkufonf/
]]igtckyJ a&Smifvifausmif;udkomG ;r,f/ vif;vif;ukd oGm;u,fxkwfr,f/ u,fxkwfEdki&f ifawmh
ajymp&mr&Sdawmhbl;/ ru,fEkdif&ifvJ vif;vif;twGuf igb,favmuf MudK;pm;w,fqkdwm odkif;avmu
wpfckvHk;odoGm;rSmyJ/ aumif;w,f ... 'DtMuH odyaf umif;w,f}}
q&mMuD;armfwm;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mMuD; tckqdk&if [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&DwkdYESpfa,muf a&Smifvifausmif;udk
oGm;aeMujyD/ olwdkYu ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD;qDrSm vif;vif;udk vTwfay;zdkY oGm;awmif;yefay;rvkdYyg/
wu,fhwdkufyGJMuD;jzpfjyD; aoG;yifv,fa0wJt
h jzpfrsKd; rjzpfatmif umuG,fwJhtaeeJY oGm;Muwmyg}}
q&mMuD;armfwm;u ...
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bmrSef;rodcJhbl;/ vufpowfawmh olwkdYuvnf; rif;twGuf 0ifjyD; aqmif&Gufay;Muwmudk;}}
]][kwfygw,f q&mMuD; ... uRefawmhftwGuf tckvdk tyifyef;cHjyD; xGufoGm;Muwmyg/ uRefawmf uvnf;
vif;vif; bmaMumifhtzrf;cHae&rSef; rodvdkYyg/ tckqdk&if tawmifwyfjyD; a&Smifvifausmif;udk
csufcsif;ysHoGm;csifaeygjyD ... 'gayr,fh uRefawmfapmifha&Smufay;&r,fh [efqef;*dkPf;u nDrav;awG &Sdae awmh
oGm;zdkYcufaeygw,f/ olwkdYudk 'Dtwkdif;xm;cJhzkdY b,fvkdrSpdwfrcsEdkifygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u xdkodkYajymvdkufaomtcg q&mMuD;armfwm;u ...
]]rif;oGm;p&m&Sdwmom oGm;yg/ bmrS pdwfrylygeJY? pdwfcsjyD;oGm;yg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omtm;& jyefar;vku
d f\/
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q&mMuD;armfwm;u rnfonfhpum;rQ jyefrajymawmhacs/ ol\xkdifckHatmufrS MudK;wyfwl&d,mudk
tomt,m qGJxkwfvu
kd fjyD; wpfcsufwD;cwfvdkufonf/ wl&d,moHonf vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfESvHk;udk csrf;ajrU
om,mapawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH; odvdkufayjyD/ q&mMuD;armfwm;u rdrdudk,fpm; [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ vHkjcHKa&;udk
apmifha&Smufay;rnf[laom uwdwpfvHk;udk ,ck *DwoauFwjzifh ay;vkdufjcif;jzpfawmhonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;um; pdwfaumif;ESvk;H aumif;&Sdonfh twGif;pdwfudk wwfEdkiforQ azmfxkwfjcif;r&Sd onfh
vlxl;vlqef;MuD;aywnf;/ toGiftjyif t0wftpm; pkwfjywfvsuf &Sdaomfvnf; wefzdk;MuD;rm;vS onfh
pdwfESvkH;aumif;udk vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGmodjrifvkduf&onf/
csufcsif;yif q&mMuD;armfwm;a&SU 'l;axmufxkdifcsvdkufonf/ uJhodkYaom vlMuD;rsKd;udk tav;
tjrwfjyK&eftwGuf OD;csvdkufrdawmhonf/ q&mMuD;url olYudk wpfcsufrQyif rMunfhawmh/ MudK;wyfwl&d,m
udkomvQif tEkynmpsmef0ifvsuf wD;cwfaeawmh\/
'l;axmufum dkaoav;pm;pGm OD;nTwfvkdufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;u tomt,mxum aemufjyefqkwv
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cJhonf/ xdkYaemuf [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ avSMuD;qkdufuyf&m jrpfqdyfurf;odkYajy;vmcJhonf/ at;csrf;pGm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
776
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
qkdufuyfxm;aom avSBuD;udk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg &ifxJat;csrf;oGm;awmh\/

avSBuD;udk wpfcsufrQ tuJcwfvdkufNyD;aemuf ajrmufzuft&yfodkY OD;wnfajy;vTm;oGm;awmh\/
ajrmufzufwGif a&Smifvifausmif;wkdufwnf&Sd\/
a&Smifvifausmif;wkdufwGif vif;vif;wpfa,muf olYtwGuf tzrf;cHae&onfr[kwfygvm;/
vifh[lcsKH;\ twGif;tm;rsm;rSm tvGefw&mjynfh0ae&m rdkifav;q,fcefY r&yfrem; ajy;vTm;cJhaomfvnf;
vHk;0armyef;jcif;r&Sdacs/ xdkYaMumifh qufvufjyD; ajy;vTm;aejyefavawmh\/
ajrmuft&yfqDodkY ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
777
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&SmifvifodkY ppfcsDjcif;
rdk;pifpifvif;aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf jrdKUav;wpfjrdKUodkY a&mufoGm;onf/ tpmrpm;&ao;aom 0rf;Adkufudk
xrif;qkdifwpfqdik fawGUonfESifh 0ifa&muftpmjznfh&awmh\/ pm;aomufjyD; olqkdifrS xGufvm aomtcg
rsufESmcsif;qkdifrSvlwpfpk avQmufvmonfudk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ xkdvlpkxJwGif ]avmifxdk} qkdaom
tzdk;MuD;vnf; ygvmonf/ xkdtzdk;MuD;rSm tjcm;olr[kwfay/ ol\ orD;touf&Sifa&;twGuf vifh[lcsKH;u
aoG;azmuf ulnDay;cJhzl;aom vlMuD;yifjzpfawmh\/
tvGef0rf;ompGmjzifh vifh[lcsKH;u vSrf;atmfvdkufonf/
]]AsKdU .. q&mMuD; avmifxdk? aeaumif;&JUvm;AsKdU...}}
olYtm;ac:oHMum;ojzifh avmifxdku vSnfhMunfhvkduf&m vifh[lcsKH;jzpfaeaMumif; awGUvdkuf&onf/
xdkwpf'*FtwGif; olYrsufESmwGif trsKd;trnfrcGJjcm;Ekdifaom xl;qef;onfh t&dyfvuPmrsm; xGufay:vm
awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH; olYtem;a&mufoGm;aomtcg avmifxdku bmrajymnmrajymESifh "m;udkxkwfum ckwfcs
vkdufawmhonf/ odkYaomf olYvufrSef;rSm vGefpGmnHhzsif;&um; vifh[lcsKH;ESifh ajcmufvufrausmfausmfrS
vGJacsmfjzwfoef;oGm;\/
vefYzsyfoGm;aom vifh[lcsKH;u aemufodkY ckefqkwfum ...
]]avmifxdk .. avmifxdk .. cifAsm; usKyfudk rrSwfrdbl;vm;/ usKyf .. vifh[lcsKH;av}}
avmifxu
dk ]]at; ... rif; ... vifh[lcsKH;qdkwm igaumif;aumif;MuD; odwmayghuG}}
olESifh ygvmonfh vlpkzufodkYvSnfhum avmifxdku ajymvdkufonf/
]]rdwfaqGwkdY tm;vHk; rsufjrifyJaemf/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;u trdefYxkwfxm;w,f/ b,folrqkd
vifh[lcsKH;udkjrifwmeJY owfypf&r,fwJh/ tckqdk&if tJonftrdefYtwdkif; usKyfckwfvdkufwmyJ/ vGJoGm;wmawmh
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wpfcsdefwkef;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; owf&ef[laomtrdefYudk vif;vif;u avmifxdkrSwpfqifh jzefYcdkif; vdkufonf/
,if;rSmvnf; olr\ab;em; vifh[lcsKH;udk xm0&&SdaeapcsifwpfaMumif;? aemufjyD; olru vifh[lcsKH;udk
wpfzufowf wef;wef;pGJ jzpfaejcif; r[kwfaMumif;udk jyvdkwpfaMumif;jzpf\/
xdkowif; jyefYESHYoGm;aomtcg odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;u r,HkMuacs/ olwkdYr,Hkjcif;onf rMumrDrSm yif
cdkifrmvmawmhonf/ tb,faMumifhqkdaomf vifh[lcsKH; touf&Sifa&;twGuf vif;vif;onf olrudk,f wkdif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
778
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&Smfvifausmif; tzrf;cHvdkufjyD qdkaomaMumihfwnf;/ vlwpfa,mufonf tjcm;vlwpfa,muftm;

udk,fhudk,fudk tepfemcH u,fwifonfqkdygu xdkvltm; tb,frSmvQif tjcm;olrsm;u owf aoapcsifyg
vdrhfrnfenf;/
odkif;avmuwpfcGif &SmrS&Sm;aom arwm&Sifrav;tjzpf vif;vif;rSm emrnfausmfMum; cJhawmhonf/
atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGif Mudwf &,farmrdonfuawmh trSefyifjzpfonf/ olr\
&Suf&rf;&rf;rItwGuf &,frdMujcif;jzpfonf/ ,ck vifh[lcsKH;ukd rarQmfvifhyJ awGUvdkuf&aomtcg tm;vHk;
aMumifoGm;Mu\/ ae&m ,aeYqHkMu&rnf[k rnfolrQ rarQmfvifhrdMuay/
avmifxu
dk ...
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apmapmav;u rif;acgif;udk igckwfvdkufwm oDoDav;vGJoGm;w,f/ tm;vHk; tjrifyJaemf/ ignHhvdkY r[kwfbl;/
rif;&JUodkif;ynm odyfaumif;vGef;awmh igu rowfEkdifawmhwm}}
avmifxu
kd olYvlrsm;zufodkY jyefvSnhfvdkufum ...
]]igajymwm [kwfr[kwf tm;vHk;awGUMuwmyJ/ igu vifh[lcsKH;ukd rowfwmr[kwfbl;aemf/ rowf Edkifwm/
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ajymwmrSr[kwfyJ/ onfhjyif b,fenf;eJYowfowf owf&ifjzpfwmyJ ... vifh[lcsKH;udk awGU aerSawmh
vufvGwfcHvdkYrjzpfbl;/ 'Dawmh t&ufqkdifxJac:oGm;jyD; t&ufwkdufjyD;owfMur,f/ raumif;bl; vm;...}}
xkdtcg vltm;vHk;\ &,foHrSm yGufyGufnHoGm;awmh\/
]][m;[m;[m; .. odyfaumif;wJhtMuH/ aumif;w,f/ odyfaumif;w,f/ igwkdYvufcHw,f/ uJ ...
t&ufqkdifudkoGm;Mur,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm &,fcsifvmawmh\/ olwkdY\pum;rsm;onf pdwf"mwfudk Tifvef;wufMuG apawmh\/ odkYjzifh
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vmMuawmhonf/
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]]aerif;orD;awmfuav; b,fvkdaeao;ovJ/ c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; usKyfrSm pdwfylvdkuf&wm/ cifAsm;eJY
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jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
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]]bmtcuftcJvJ ajymyg... aerif;orD;awmfuav; twGufqdk&if usKyftoufudkawmif pGefYjyD; ulnDrSm
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avmifxu
kd 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
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a&mufvmawmh tawmfyJ/ 'gu toifhawmfqHk;yJ/ wjcm;vlwpfa,mufa,mufudk acgif;aqmif wifrd&if aerif;
orD;awmfuav; vGwfvmwJhtcg tjypfwifcsifwifaeOD;r,f ...}}
]]bmudk jyem wuf&rSmvJAs/ olvGwfzkdY t"duyJ[m ...}}
avmifxu
kd jyHK;jyD; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
779
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][m ... q&mav; rodyJudk;/ wjcm;vludk acgif;aqmifwifwmudk aerif;orD;awmfuav;u

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ru,fwifEkdif&ifawmif q&mav;acgif;aqmifvsufeJY ru,fEkdifwmqdkjyD; aerif;orD;awmfuav;u cGifhvTwfrSm
aocsmw,f/ bmyJajymajym olYudku,fzkdY tkyfpkawGudk q&mav; acgif;aqmifvmw,fqdkwm olodoGm;&if
odyf0rf;omrSmyg/ 'Dawmh acgif;aqmifae&mrSm q&mav;udkyJcefY&rSmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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acgif;aqmifae&muyJ ae&ae&? i,fom;ae&muyJ toufpGefY&csifpGefY&ygap/ u,fwifvdkY&&if jyD;a&m/
usKyftoufudk wefzdk;rxm;ygbl;}}
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vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ xGufay:vmaom pum;rsm;jzpfojzifh Mum;&olrsm; MuufoD;jzef;jzef; xoGm;Mu awmhonf/
vif;vif;onf olYtay: tvGefaus;Zl;MuD;cJhonf/ xdkYaMumihf oluvnf; vif;vif;twGuf toufpGefY&ef
toifh&Sdaeonf/ toufpGefY jyefvnfulno
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vdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ tonf;ESvHk;xJrS vmaompum;rsm;aMumifh vltkyfMuD;rSm auseyfoGm;Mu\/ olwkdYpdwfxJrS
awG;vdkufrdMuonf/
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aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk arwmr&Sdbl;wJh/ tckawmh b,frSm[kwfvYv
dk J/ vlawGu rvdkwrm avQmufajym
aewmyJ/ aerif;orD;awmfuav; Muif,maG;wm rSefoGm;jyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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]]&Sifqef;awmifrSmyg q&mav;}}
]]'gqkd&if usKyfwdkY bmjzpfvdkY 'DrSmtcsdefjzKef;aeawmhrvJ/ tm;vHk; &Sifqef;awmifudk vdkufoGm;Mur,f}}
odkYjzifh olwkdYtkyfpkMuD;onf &Sifqef;awmifodkYoGm;Mu&if; vrf;c&D;wGif tjcm;tkyfpkwpfpkESifh wkd;rd
jyefojzifh vlaygif;wpf&mausmfrQ jzpfvmavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u avmifxdkESifh ykcHk;csif;,SOf avQmuf&if;ar;vkdufonf/
]]q&mMuD;avmifxdk .. cifAsm;orD;av;&JU tajctaea&m b,fvkv
d J/ aeaumif;&JUvm;}}
]][m ... aumif;ygw,f/ trsm;MuD;udk aumif;ygw,f/ tJ'guvnf; q&mav;&JU aus;Zl;awGygyJ/
q&mav;om tJonfwkef;urulnD&if usKyforD;awmh taoyJ}}
olYpdwfxJ wpfcsdefvHk; r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaeonfh ar;cGef;wpfckudk vifh[lcsKH;u xkwfar;vdkufonf/
]]q&mMuD;avmifxdk ... 'Du rdwfaqGawGtm;vHk;uajymMuw,f/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;&JU aus;Zl;u olwkdY
tm;vHk;tay:rSm &SdaeMuowJh/ tJ'gudk usKyfvHk;0em;rvnfbl; ... aerif;orD;awmfuav;u touf i,fi,f
uav; &Sdao;wmyJ/ 'Davmuf vlawGtrsm;MuD;tay: aus;Zl;&Sdavmufatmif olu bmawGrsm; vkyfay;xm;
vdkYvJ...}}
avmifxdkrSm usD;MunfhaMumifMunfh jzpfoGm;um wkd;wkd;av; jyefajzvkdufonf/
]]'Dudpawmh usKyfvnf; rajym&Jbl;/ q&mav;udk,fwkdio
f m aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk ar;Munfhyg}} [k
pum;jzwfvu
dk favawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
780
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Sifqef;awmif/
olwdkYtm;vHk; &Sifqef;awmifodkY a&muf&SdvmMuavNyD/ olwkdYa&muf&SdonfhtcsdefrSm aevHk;MuD;yif pHk;pHk;jrKyfae
avjyD/
xdkpOf cyfvrS f;vSrf;rS qlqlnHnHtoHrsm;ukd Mum;vdkufMu&awmh\/
toHrsm;um; pHkvifvSonf/ atmfoH? [pfoH? qJoH? qdkoH? jiif;cHkoH ponfhtoHrsm;/
vifh[lcsKH;wdkYu cyfoGufoGuf c&D;qufvdkufMuaomtcg vlaygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm awmifukef;ay:wGif
pka0;aeMuonfudk awGUvkduf&awmh\/
tHhMoavmufpzG,f vltkyfMuD;ygay/ pkpkaygif; vlOD;a& wpfaxmifcefY&Sdaeay\/
xkdtxJwGif tHhzG,af jcmufa,mufwY\
dk toHudk tus,favmifqHk; Mum;aeMu&onf/
vlajcmufa,muf ra&mufaomae&m[l vHk;0&Sdvdrfhrnfyifrxif/ wu,fhyGJMuD;yGJaumif;yifwnf;/
xdkvltkyfMuD;tem; a&muf&SdoGm;onf/ avmifxdku toHudk tpGr;f ukefjrifhwif atmf[pfvkdufawmhonf/
]]rdwfaqGwdkY .. tm;vHk; em;axmifMuyg}}
kwfw&uf tm;vHk;wdwfqdwfNidrfoufoGm;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;wdv
k lodkufudkvSnfhMunfhMuawmh\/
avmifxu
dk quf ...
]]'DaeY usKyfwkdY uHtaumif;qHk;aeYvkdY ajym&awmhrSmyJ/ usKyfwdkYtck b,folYudkawGUcJhw,fvdkY xifovJ...}}
vltkyfMuD;xJrS atmfoHrsm; xGufvmonf/
]]ajymrSmom ajymprf;yg... bmawGjyef ar;aewmvJ ... Mumw,fuG ...}}
avmifxu
dk ...
]]ajymrSmygAsm/ usKyfwkdY&JUq&mav; vifh[lcsKH;[m olwukd,fwnf; aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fwifzdkY
toGm; ... vrf;ray:rSm usKyfwdkYeJYwkd;cJhwm/ tckolu rdwfaqGwkdYtm;vHk; 'Dawmifay:rSm &Sdw,fvdkY owif;Mum;
wmeJY ... aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fwifzkdYudp aqG;aEG;zkdY 'Dudka&mufvmygjyD}}
avmifxu
dk vltkyfBuD;udk acwtuJcwfvdkuf&m olYpum;ukd pdwf0ifpm;pGmem;axmifaerSef; odvkduf&ojzifh
tm;&pGm qufajymvdkuf\/
]]usKyfoabmudkajym&&ifawmh
aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fwifzkdYudprSm q&mav; vifh[lcsKH;udk
acgif;aqmif ae&mrSm cefYxm;jcif;om toifhawmfqHk;vdkY ajymcsifygw,f/ tm;vHk; b,fvdkoabm&MuygovJ}}
,ck a&muf&Sdaeoltm;vHk;rSm vifh[lcsKH;twGuf aerif;orD;awmfuav; tzrf;cHae&onfudk od&Sd xm;Mu
\/
xkdYtjyif vifh[lcsKH;u [dkeefe,f &SefY0efYxif;ESifh vufwGJum odkif;orm;rsm;udk wkdufcdkufcJhaom owif;udk
vnf; tm;vHk;Mum;odxm;jyD;jzpf\/
tm;vHk;u vifh[cl sKH;\odkif;ynmudk tvGefcsD;usL; av;pm;aeMujyD;jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
781
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tu,f vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf rnfonfhodkif;ynmrS rwwfygqkdvQifvnf; olwkdYu vifh[lcsKH;udk pdwfysuf

vufysuf jiif;y,fMuvdrfhrnf r[kwfMuacs/
aerif;orD;awmfuav;\ rsufESmudkaxmufxm; vifh[lcsKH;udk acgif;aqmifwif ajrmufMurnfom
jzpfonf/
xkdtajctaersKd; &SdaeaomaMumifh avmifxdk\ pum;udk Mum;vdkufaomtcg tm;vHk;u wpfcJeuf atmf[pf
axmufcHMuavawmh\/
xkdtcdkuf tHhzG,f ajcmufa,mufteufrS axmif0g;u toHao;toHaMumifjzifh ...
]]tck *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JUorD;qdkwJh aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fxkwfwJhudpu
vifh[lcsKH;&JU rdef;r vkyfcdkif;zdkY
r[kwfvm;}}
vltm;vHk;\ pdwfxJwGif emvdkcHcufMuD; jzpfoGm;awmh\/ olwkdYtm;vHk;onf vif;vif;tm; vGefpGm
aMumufGHU dkaoMu\/
,ckuJhodkY wnfhwkd;MuD; ajymcsvdkufaomtcg olwdkY\ aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk apmfum;vdkuf ouJhodkY
rSwfxifvdkufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; tae&txkdif& cufoGm;onf/ tm;vHk;a&SUwGif jidrfaevdkufvQifvnf; tcuf/
qefYusifuefYuGuf vdkufvQifvnf; vif;vif;\ t&SufESifh *kPfodumudk vHk;vHk;usqif;atmif vkyfovdk
jzpfEkdifojzifh jidrfaevdkuf&awmh\/
xkdpOf axmif&ufu ...
]]'guawmh b,fw&m;rvJ/ olu acgif;aqmifvnf;vkyfr,f/ rdef;rvnf; &r,fqkdawmh odyf[ef
usaewmaygh/ 'Dvkdvkyf&if raumif;bl;vm;/ igwdkYu olYrdef;rudkawmh oGm;u,fay;r,f/ acgif;aqmifae&m
rSmawmh igwkdY nDtpfudkajcmufa,mufvkyfr,f/ b,fhES,fvJ}}
axmifuef;u ]][kwfw,f/ 'grS w&m;rQwrSmaygh/ EdkYrdkY&ifawmh vufrcHEkdifbl;/ wu,fvdkY olu ighwdkYxuf
odkif;ynmydkawmf&ifawmh vufcHr,f ...}}
ajym&if;qd&k if;rS axmifuef;? axmifusuf? axmuf&Srf;? axmifqufwdkYav;a,mufu vifh[lcsKH;\
ajcvufav;acsmif;udk wpfjydKifeufqkyfudkifjyD; avxJwGif ajrmufudkifxm;vdkufMuonf/ olwdkY av;a,muf \
wpfjydKifeufvIyf&Sm;rIrSm vGefpGmjrefqefvSojzifh vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY a&Smifwdrf;csdefyif r&vdkufawmhay/
okdif;orm;rsm;rSmvJ xdwfvefYwMum; atmf[pfvdkufrdMuonf/
]]a[h .. rvkyfeJY .. rvkyfeJY}}
axmif&ufu&,f ...
]]pdwfcsyg/ igwdkYu olYudk qGJrNzJao;ygbl;/ wu,fvkdY igwdkYacgif;aqmifvkyfwmudk olu oabm wl&if ...
tm; ...}}
pum;ukd qHk;atmifrajymEdkifyJ axmifuef;wdkYav;a,mufrSm jydKifwlyif tvefYwMum;atmf[pfvkduf rdjyD;
vifh[lcsKH;udk vTwfcsvdkufMuawmh\/ olwkdYyg;pyfrSvJ atmf[pfaeMuawmh\/
]]atmifr,fav; ... rif; .. rif; ... bmynm oHk;vdkufwmvJ}}
taMumif;rSm olYudk tHhzG,f av;a,mufwkdY zrf;qkyfqGJajrmufvkdufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tawmfuav;
xdwfvefYoGm;rd\/
xdkYjyif wu,fqGJNzJrNzJudk rnfolrQtmrcH &EkdifaomudprsKd; r[kwfacs/
l;aygaygESifh qGJNzJvdkuf ygu vifh[lcsKH;rSm aoqHk;&ayawmhrnf/
xdktaMumif;aMumifh rdrdukd,fudkumuG,fonfhtaejzifh ol\ ]twGif;tm;pkyf}} odkif;ynmudk csufcsif;
xkwfoHk; vdkuf&jcif;jzpf\/
xdkYaMumifh tHhzG,fav;a,mufwdkYrSm vifh[lcsKH;\ ajcESifhvufrsm;udk qkyfudkifrdonfESifh olwdkY\ twGif;tm;
rsm;u woGifoGif pD;xGufMu&awmh\/
olwdkY\twGif;tm;rsm; rxGufEdkifap&ef ykdrdktm;xkwfBudK;pm; wm;qD;av? twGif;tm; pD;xGufEIe;f rSm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
782
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ydkrdkjrefavav jzpfawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh olwkdYav;a,mufrSm tMuD;tus,fxdwv
f efYoGm;MujyD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; vTwfcsvdkufMu\/
xkdtcsdefESifh wpfjydKifeufwnf;vdkvdk vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; ol\ twGif;tm;pkyf odkif;ynmusifhpOfudk &yfqdkif;
vkduf\/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm ajE&&jzifh ajrBuD;ay:odkYaumif;rGefpGm usa&muf&yfwnfoGm;Edkifawmh\/
axmif&ufu ab;rS uref;uwef;jzifh ...
]]b,fvkdvJ ...}}
axmifuef;ESifhaxmifusufwkdYESpfa,mufuvJ rxifrSwfbJESifh pum;wpfcGef;udk
jydKifwlajymvdkufrdMu
awmh\/
]]ol ... olY&JU odkif;ynmu odyfxl;qef;ygvm;? igwkdY olYajcaxmufawGudk zrf;qkyfvkdYr&bl; ...}}
xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom ab;rS odkif;orm;rsm;u tm;&0rf;om atmf[pfvkdufawmhonf/
olwkdY acgif;aqmifwifrnfhvo
l nf trSefwu,f t&nftcsif;&SdaeaMumif; awGU&Sdvdkuf&ojzifh ESpfaxmif;
tm;& jzpfoGm;Muayownf;/
xdkYaMumifh tm;vHk;u ...
]]uJ ... q&mav;udk igwkdYtm;vHk; acgif;aqmifwifajrmufr,fa[h? 'gyJ b,folrSuefYuGufwmrS rvdkcsifbl;
...}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYuvnf; ...
]]at;av ... rif;wdkYoabmyJ olYudkajrmufvdkufwmbJ aumif;ygw,fuGm? igwdkYu olYudk zrf;vdkYrS r&Edkif
awmwJhOpm? igwdkYvJ oabmwl&awmhrSmaygh ...}}
[k vdkufvdkufavsmavsmjzifh oabmwlvdu
k fMuavawmh\/
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;onf MuD;rm;vSaom vlpk? vltkyfMuD;Mum;ap&ef toHudk tpGrf;ukef jrifhwif atmf[pf&if;
...
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oGm;u,fzkdY udpMuD;[m tifrwefMuD;av;wJh wm0efMuD;wpfckyg/ tck a&Smifvif bk&m;ausmif;xJrSmvJ
aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fzdkYMudK;pm;&if; tzrf;csKyfcHxm;&wJhvlawGvnf; renf;awmhygbl;/ 'Dtcsufu
bmudkjyovJqk&d if usKyfwdkYtaeeJY tckudpudk ayghayghqqvkyfvkdYr&bl; txl;owd0D&d,xm;NyD; aqmifGufMu&
r,f qdkwmudk jyaeygw,f ...}}
&Sifqef;awmifukef;xdyf pkkH;a&muf&SdaeMuonfh okdif;orm;rsm;onf vifh[lcsKH;\pum;ukd aumif;pGm
vufcHvkdufMuonf/
]]a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;qkdwm odkif;avmu&JU Mu,fwHcGefMuD;jzpfygw,f/ b,f*dkPf;? b,ftzGJUurS
oleJY,SOfjydKifvdkY r&Ekdifygbl; ... 'gayr,fh 'DtwGufusKyfwkdYu aMumufNyD; tIH;ay;&rSmvm; ... [ifhtif; ...
usKyfwkdY b,fawmhrS tIH;ray;bl;/ olwkdYu usKyfwkdYxuf odkif;ynmomw,f/ 'gayr,hf usKyfwkdYu olwkdYxuf
vlrsm;w,f/ tck'DrSmwifyJvlaygif; wpfaxmifausmf&SdaejyD/ wpfjcm;u &JabmfawGvJ wzGJzGJa&mufvmMuOD;r,f/
olwkdYudk wpfa,mufcsif; ynmcsif;r,SofEdkifayr,fh olwkdYwpfa,mufwnf;udk usKyfwkdYq,fa,mufu
,SOfEkdifygw,f/ uJ ... 'Dawmh olwdkYudk usKyfwkdUu rEkdifEkdifbl;vm;}}
vltm;vHk;u 0kdif;0ef;atmf[pfMuawmh\/
]][kwfw,f/ rSefw,f/ q,fa,mufwpfa,mufqkd&if usKyfwdkY usdef;aoEkdifw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u qufajymvkdufonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYowdxm;zkdY udpwpfckudkawmh usKyfu MudKwifajymxm;yg&ap/ a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awGu
aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk xdef;csKyfxm;w,f/ 'Dvdk olwdkUxdef;csKyfxm;wmudk cifAsm;wkdY bmrSpdk;&drf aMumifhMu
rjzpfMuygeJY/ olwkdYu 0gawmfMuD;bkef;awmfMuD;awGqkdawmh aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk bmrS 'kuay;rSm
r[kwfygbl;/ 'Dq&mawmfMuD;awGu oDvorm"deJY jynfhpHkMuwmrdkY tifrwef av;pm;MunfndKzdkY aumif;ygw,f/}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
783
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYpum;udk &Snfvsm;pGm ajym&awmhrnfjzpfojzifh vltkyfBuD;tm; wpfcsuftuJ

cwfvdkufjyef\/
]]'gaMumifhrdkY usKyfoabmuawmh olwkdYudk t&ifqHk; tEkenf;eJYajymr,f/ ajymvdk&&ifawmh ESpfOD; ESpfzuf
taumif;qHk;yJ/ tustqHk; txdtcdkuf r&Sdawmhbl;aygh/ aoG;xGufoH,dkrIr&SdbJeJY at;at;csrf;csrf;
atmifjrifoGm;&if odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; pdwfcsrf;omoGm;MurSmbJ ...}}
]][kwfw,f/ tEkenf;eJY atmifjrif&if ydkaumif;w,f}}
vltkyfMuD;u wpfcJeuf axmufcHMujyef\/ vifh[lcsKH;u qufvuf ...
]]'DaeYupwGuf&if aemufvq,fhig;&ufa&mufzkdY q,fhckESpf&ufvdkao;w,f/ usKyfwdkYtwGuf jyifqif csdef
tawmfav;&ao;w,f/ a&Smifvifausmif;eJY usKyfwkdYeJU odyfa0;awmhwmrSr[kwfwm ... 'Dawmh tm;vHk;
rSefrSefyJc&D;oGm;Mur,f/ usKyfwkdY[m vsKdU0SufjyD; wdwfwqdwfoGm;aewmr[kwfbl;/ a&Smifvifausmif;udk
ppfcsDaeMuwm/ 'Dawmh ppfcsDrIeJYwlatmif jyifqifrIawG vkyf&r,f/ yxrqHk; usKyfwdkYodkif;orm;tm;vHk;&JU
wyfaygif;pHk tvHwpfckvkyf&r,f/ tJ'DtvHay:rSmvnf; ]aerif;orD;awmfudk zl;ajrmfjcif;} vdkY pmwef;xkd;xm;
r,f? 'guawmh wyfaygif;pHk&JUtvHyJ ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ tpDtrHudk aemufvdkufodkif;orm;rsm;u tvGefoabmusoGm;Muonf/ aoG;vnf;
MuGvmMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u xyfajymvdkufjyefonf/
]]'kwd,tcsufuawmh c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; jidrfjidrfuav; roGm;Mubl;/ atmifpnfatmifarmif; awG
&SmMuHjyD; wD;cwfxkESufoGm;Mur,f/ usKyfwkdYcsDwufwhJ c&D;pOfwpfavQmufvHk; rdk;ajrodrfhodrfhwkefoGm; atmif
dkufcwfoGm;Mur,f/ 'grS a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awG usKyfwkdYeJY xdyfwdkufawGUrSmudk wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;r,f/ ...
b,fhES,fvJ/ usKyfajymwmudk auseyfMu&JUvm;}}
]]auseyfw,f/ oabmwlw,f/ tvHvTifhr,f/ atmifpnfatmifarmif; kdufjyD; csDwufr,f}}
,ckpkpnf;rdaeMuaom odkif;orm;rsm;rSm rdkufrdkufuef;uef; vlrsm;csnf;jzpf qlqlnHnH 0kef;0kef; 'dkif;'dkif;
vkyfvdkolrsm;csnf;jzpfMu\/ vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; vkyf&rnfhudpqkdvQif vGefpGmoabmus ESpfjcdKufMu olrsm;
jzpfMuonfhtwkdif; vifh[lcsKH;\pum;ukd tm;&yg;& axmufcHMuawmhonf/
aemufaeYwGif pDpOfxm;onfhtwkdif; wyfaygif;pktvHMuD;udk vTifhwifvdkufMujyD; tkd;pnfAHkarmif;
atmifpnfatmifarmif;rsm; 0,f,lvsuf pwifc&D;xGufMuawmh\/
c&DoGm;&mwGif ckESpfa,mufwpfzGJU pepfwusoGm;wwfaom [efqef;*dkPf;\pepfudk owd&oGm; ojzifh
vifh[lcsKH;u wyfaygif;pkMuD;twGif;rS wyfzGJYckESpfzGJY cGJxkwfvdkufonf/ ESpfzGJYudk a&SUuif;tjzpf ae&mcsxm;vkdufjyD;
vuf0Jvuf,m awmifyHrsm;wGif ESpfzGJYpD/ pkpkaygif; ajcmufzGJYudk t&Htwm;uif;rsm; tjzpf ae&mcsxm;vdkuf\/
&efolrsm; aemufrS tvpf0ifrwkdufEkdifap&ef aemufqHk;wpfzGJYudk aemufcsefuif; tjzpf csDwufap\/
usefvltm;vHk;rSm A[dkwyfrMuD;tjzpf &Sdaeonf/ uif;tzGJYtoD;oD;ESifh A[kdwyfrMuD;wkdY tquf
toG,frjywfap&ef owif;ay;ydkYonfh tzGJYuav;rsm;udkvnf; xyfrHa&G;cs,f&ao;onf/
okdif;orm;tm;vHk;onf ,cifu olwpfvligwpfrif;jzifh ajymcsif&majym? vkyfcsif&mvkyf&mrS ,ck uJhodkY
acgif;aqmifwpfa,mufu wu,fhwyfrMuD;yrm zGJYpnf;vdkufonfudk awGU&aomtcg xkdacgif;aqmif tm;
av;pm;vmMuawmhonf/
av;&ufcefY c&D;qufrdMuonfwGif vifh[lcsKH;wdkYonf [lwef;awmifajcodkY qdkufa&mufvmawmh onf/
,ckav;&uftwGif; olwkdYwyfrMuD;okdY vma&mufyl;aygif;onfhtzGJYrsm;rSm enf;vSonf r[kwfacs/
xkdpOf usLcsef;u ...
]]q&mav; .. tckqkd&if usKyfwkdYwyfaygif;pkMuD;u [lwef;awmifajcudk jzwf&awmhr,f/ atmifpnf
atmifarmif;awGudk wD;cwfjyD;jzwf&rvm;/ 'grSr[kwf tm;vHk;&yfjyD; jidrfjidrfav; c&D;oGm;&rvm;...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wpfcsufpOf;pm;vkdufjyD; ...
]][lwef;qkdwm odkif;avmu&JU 'kwd,yJ/ wu,fawmh a&SmifvifeJY rwdrf;r,drf;? ycHk;csif;,SOfaewJh
*dkPf;MuD;ygyJav/ 'Dawmh igwkdYtzkdY &efryGm;wm taumif;qHk;yJ/ &efolenf;av aumif;avr[kwfvm;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
784
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tckvuf&Sd a&SmifvifeJY &efjzpfzdkY oGm;aecsdefrSm [lwef;eJY jyemrjzpfwm taumif;qHk;yJ? 'gaMumifh igwkdYtaeeJY

vrf;aMumif;ajymif;jyd; csDwufMuwmaygh/ [lwef;*dkPf;csKyf &aohMuD;csKH;Id;udk tdktaoay;wJh oabmayghav...}}
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kwfw&uf xdk;pdkufcsvdkufawmh\/
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pkdufMunfhvdkuf? [if;&Gufpnf;xrf;oludk pdkufMunfhvdkufjzifh tjyefjyeftvSefvSef Munfhae\/
vifh[lcsKH;qdkvdkonfudk xdkvlESpfa,mufuvnf; odvdkufMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH; rsufvHk;jzifh pdkufMunhfvkdufonfhae&mrsm;udk tjyif;txef ckcHumuG,fMuawmh\/ wpfcg wpf&H
aemufuRrf;xkd;um aemufzufodkY a&SmifvkdufMu\/ wpfcgwpf&H "m;pMufmvSnfh wpfukd,fvHk;ukd
umuG,fxm;Mu\/
twefMum MunfhjyD;aomtcgrS avmifxdkuJhodkYaom xdyfoD;okdif;orm;MuD;rsm;u tenf;i,f &dyfrd
vmonf/ vifh[lcsKH; vSrf;Munhfvdkufonfh ae&mrsm;rSm xdkvlESpfa,muf\ [muGufrsm;jzpfonf/ ,if; aMumifh
vifh[lcsKH;u pdkufMunhfvdkufonfESifh xdkvlrsm;rSm rdrdwdkY\[muGufudk uref;uwef; ckcHumuG,f
ae&jcif;jzpfayawmhonf/
xdkpOf xif;pnf;xrf;olu ol\"m;udkajrmuf vifh[lcsKH;tm; ckwfcs&ef[efjyifvdkuf\/ odkYaomf
ol\[muGufjzpfaom csufatmufodkY vifh[lcsKH;u pdkufMunfhvdkufonfwiG f xdkvlrSm uref;uwef; "m;udk
jyefqGJcsvsuf csufatmufodkY umuG,fxm;vdkuf&awmh\/
wpfcsufwGif [if;&Gufpnf;xrf;olu "m;udka0SU,rf;vkdufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;\cg;udk xkd;pdkuf&ef [efjyif
vkdufonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;u ol\vuf0Jzufyg;udk pdkufMunhfvdkufaomtcg xdkvlrSm uref;uwef;
OD;acgif;udk iHkYvdkuf&awmh\/ ol\"m;rSmrl t&SdefrowfEkdifyJ ajrMuD;ay:odkY xkd;pdkufrdvsufom; jzpfoGm;awmh
onf/
xkdodkif;orm;ESpfa,mufrSm acR;oHwTJTJ jzpfaeMuavjyD/ yifyef;cufcJpGm ckcHae&ojzifh acR;oD;acR;
aygufrsm; usvmjcif;jzpfawmh\/
xdkpOf acsmif;[efYoHwpfcsuf Mum;vkduf&\/ olwkdYab; wpfcsdefvHk; jidrfoufpGm Munfhaeonfh
tzdk;MuD;xHrS kwfw&uf acsmif;[efYoHxGufvmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;ESihw
f kdufaeaom odkif;;orm; ESpfa,mufrSm
tenf;i,f wHkYqdkif;oGm;\/
xdktzdk;MuD;u ajymvkdufonf/
]]csD;usL;p&m aumif;ygayhuGm/ rif;wkdYESpfa,muf b,fvkdrS ,SOfEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/ aemufqkwfMuawmh}}
]][kwfuJh}}
xkdokdif;orm;ESpfa,mufonf jydKifwlajymvkduf&if; aemufokdYckefqkwf&ef MudK;pm;avawmh\/ xdktcsdefrSmyif
vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufvHk;rsm;rSm xdkvlESpfa,muf\ ta&;MuD;aom taMumrMuD;rsm;ay:okdY Munfhvsufyif &Sdao;
onf/
xdkYaMumifh xdktaMumrMuD;rsm;udk rwkdufcdkufEdkifap&ef olwdkY\ "m;rsm;udk a0SY,rf;umuG,f&if; vifh[lcsKH;\
rsuf0ef;pufuGif;xJrS ckefxGuf&ef MudK;pm;Muonf/ odkYaomf wu,fwrf;wGifrl rnfodkYrQ rvGwfyJjzpfaeonf/
tzdk;MuD;u ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
790
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]w,faumif;wJh "m;odkif;ygvm;/ ighwpfoufrSm tawmfav; MuHKawmifhMuHKcJ jrifvkduf&wmyJ/ uJ ...

vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;eJYig "m;odkif;prf;Munfh&atmif}}
vifh[lcsKH;u tzdk;MuD;zufodkYvSnfhum tdktaoay;jyD; EIwfqufvkdufonfwGif odkif;orm; ESpfa,mufrSm
vifh[lcsKH;\ rsuf0ef;pufuGif;xJrS vGwfajrmufcGifh&oGm;awmhonf/ xdkwpf'*FtwGif; ESpfa,mufpvHk;
aemufuRrf;xkd;xGufoGm;awmh\/
wyfaygif;pkodkif;orm;rsm;onf xkdjrifuGif;udk jrifvdkuf&aomtcg &ifoyfIarm tHhMooGm;Muawmhonf/
taMumif;rSm xdkvlESpfa,muf aemufuRrf;xkd; ysH0JoGm;MuyHkrSm odrf;iSufMuD;ESpfaumiftvm; av[kefpD;jyD;
cyfvSrf;vSrf; ayghyg;wnfjidrfpGm oufqif;oGm;onfudk awGUjrifvdkuf&aomaMumifhyifwnf;/
xdkvlESpfa,muf\ "m;odkif;ynmtqift
h wef;udk em;rvnfaomfvnf; tqifhjrifhaom udk,fazmhynmudk
awGUvdkuf&aomtcgwGifrl odkif;orm;tm;vH;k rSm tkwfatmfaomif;wif; csD;usL;vdkufrdMuawmh\/
tzdk;MuD;u acsmif;wpfcsuf [efYvdkufjyD; ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;u rif;wkdYukd nmaewm/ oluom wu,fwrf; rnmrwmwkdufr,fqkd&if rif;wkdY ESpfa,mufrSm
ZumaygufawGjzpfaeavmufjyD/ jyefjyD; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymvkdufMuprf; ...}}
csufcsif;yif xdkvlESpfa,mufwkdYonf vifh[lcsKH;tem;odkY ckef0ifvmMuawmh\/ [if;Gufxrf;orm;u ...
]]'DuaeYawmh ]awmifxdyfwpfcktxufrSm 'DxufjrifhwJh awmifxGwf&Sdw,f} qdkwJhpum;ukd oabm
aygufygjyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vuf0g;umvkdufjyD; ...
]]usKyf&JU rjzpfavmufwJh odkif;ynmav;udk rajymygeJYcifAsm/ aemifMuD;wkdYu [lwef;*dkPf;u vlawGvm;/
tJ'gqkd&if pum;vufaqmif yg;vdkufyg&ap/ aemifwpfcsdefrSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD; csKH;Id;udk vmuefawmhygOD;r,f}}
xdktcg tzdk;MuD;u tm;&auseyfpGmjzifh ...
]]awmfygayhuGm ... awmfygayh... toufi,fi,feJY 'Davmuf odkif;ynmawmfaewmawmif enf;enf;av;rS
rmefrwufbl;/ 'gu rvG,fwJh udpwpfckyJ/ a&SUavQmufvnf; onftwkdif;aeEdkifatmif MudK;pm;aygh/ ]rmefapmif
MuD;u a0;eD;vlol rMunfjzL} qdkwJh pum;udk tjrJESvHk;oGif; vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;udk ig wpfckar;r,f/ rif;[m
0gqef;*dkPf;&JU q&mMuD;zkef;csif;udk,fwkdifqDuae "m;odkif;ynmudk qnf;yl;oif,cl Jh wmr[kwfvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGeftHhtm;oifhoGm;onf/
]]'Dtzkd;MuD;&JU rsufpdtjrifu w,fpl;&Sygvm;/ igbmynm oHk;vdkufovJqdkwmudk olaumif;aumif;
MuD;awGUvdkufwmyJ}}
cg;udkif; OD;nTwfvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;u ajzMum;vdkufonf/
]][kwfygw,f/ uHaumif;axmufrvdkY uRefawmf[m q&mMuD;zkef;csif;&JU "m;odkif;ynmudk tay:,Havmuf
uav; oifMum;cJh&ygw,f ...}}
tzdk;MuD;u jyH;kvkdufjyD; ...
]]tay:,Huav; ... tay:,Huav; ... [kwfvm;/ at;av ... wu,fh aMumufp&maumif;wJh tay:,H
uav;ygyJ/ q&mMuD;zkef;csif;&JU tay:,H "g;odkif;ynmav;u 'Davmufawmif aMumufp&m aumif;ae&ifawmh
olY&JU twGif;om;ynmqkd&if bmrSajymzG,f&m&Sdr,frxifbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh pum;ajymae&mrS aemufodkYvSnfhvkdufjyD; xif;pnf;xrf;ol\vufxJrS"m;udk tzdk;MuD;u
vSrf;,lvdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdif&yfvkdufjyD; ...
]]uJ ... 'Dvdkqkd&if q&mMuD;zkef;csif;&JU tay:,H "m;odkif;ynmav;udk prf;oyfMunfh&OD;rSmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cg,rf;vkdufjyD; ...
]]uRefawmfhtaeeJY q&mMuD;eJY b,fvdkrS ,SOfjydKifEkdifrSmr[kwfygbl;}}
tzkd;MuD;u jyHK;vkduf\/ olYt"dyg,frSm rQavmuf zHk;0SufraeygESifh[
l ajymvdkufonfh oabmygay/
wpfqufwnf;yif ol\"m;udk a&SUodkYxkwfvdkuf\/ b,fvufurl &ifywfa&SU wpfpHkwpf&mudk ayGUydkufxm;onfh
tvm; "m;a&;cif;vkdufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
791
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wpfcsuf wkef,ifoGm;rdonf/ tzkd;MuD;\ "m;uGufrsm; xGufrvmao;aomfvnf; tm;ESifh

rmefESifh "m;cif;xm;yHk aumif;vGef;vSjzpfonf/ ol\pdwfudk jyefvnfwnfjidrfatmif renf;MudK;pm;&awmh\/
tzkd;MuD;u olYvufxJrS"m;udk puf0dki;f wpfckES,f vSnfhvdkuf\/
tzdk;BuD; vSnfhywfvdkufonfh"m;&Sdef rnfrQjyif;xefoenf;[lrl "m;t&Sdefonf olYrsufESmodkYyif vm[yfonf
udk cHpm;vdu
k f&awmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh olYtaejzifh jyefvSefrwkdufcdkuf rjzpfawmhacs/
odkYaomf olYtzdkY 'kujzpfaeonfhtcsufrSm tzkd;MuD;xkwfvdkufonfh "m;uGuf\ [muGufudk vHk;0 rawGY&Sd
&ao;jcif;yif jzpfawmh\/
xdkYaMumifh oluvJ [efjy"m;uGufwpfuGufudk jyefxkwfvdkufawmhonf/
xdktcgwGif vGefpGmtHhMozG,faumif;vSpGmjzifh tzkd;MuD;u "m;udk b,fvufodkY ajymif;ukdifvkdufonf/
"m;csufwcsufonf vQyfjyufvku
d fonfhES,f vifh[lcsKH;\vnfyif;qDokYd ckef0ifvmawmhonf/
"m;csufrSm vsifjrefvGef;vSojzifh ab;rS0dkif;MunfhaeMuaom odkif;orm;rsm;yif tvefYwMum; atmf[pfrdMu
awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY xdktcsdefusrS oufjyif;csEdkifawmhonf/
tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf tzkd;MuD; xdkodkYxkd;ckwfvdkufawmhrS tbdk;BuD;\csKdif;atmuff [muGufudk awGUvdkuf&
aomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
xdkYaMumifh tzdk;BuD;\csKdif;atmufodkY "m;jzifh csufcsif;xkd;vdkuf\/
tzdk;MuD;onf vifh[lcsKH;\vnfyif;udk xdk;ckwfvdkufonfh"m;udk kwfodrf;um olYcsKdif;atmufodkY 0ifvmaom
vifh[lcsKH;\"m;udk ]xef;} ceJ z,fxkwfvdkuf&awmhonf/
wcsdefwnf;rSmyif ESpfa,mufpvHk; aemufzufodkY ckefqkwfvdkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf tzkd;MuD;\twGif;tm;rsm; tHhrcef;jynfh0aeaMumif; odvdkuf&avNyD/
olYenf;wlyif tzdk;MuD;rSmvnf; ][if} ueJ jzpfoGm;um xl;qef;aom trlt&mrsm; ay:vmawmh\/
xdktcdkuf tzdk;MuDonf "m;udk b,fvufrS nmvufodkYajymif;vku
d fjyef\/
ol\a&SUwGif "m;udk puf0dkif;ESpf0dkif;jzpfatmif vSnfhywfvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf tzdk;MuD;\ ,ck"m;uGuf tiftm;tvGejf ynfh0jyD; tqufrjywfkHomru olYwpfudk,fvHk;udk
[muGufvGwfuGurf &Sdatmif umuG,fxm;Ekdifonfudk awGUvdkuf&awmhojzifh tvGefw&m tHhMordawmhonf/
]]'Dwpfcgawmh 'kuyJ/ ig ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} pwwfuwnf;u 'Dvkd[muGufr&SdwJh "m;odkif;rsKd; "m;uGufrsKd;
igwpfcgrSrawGUzl;ao;bl;/ igu b,fae&mrSm ][muGuf} oGm;&Sm&awmhrSmvJ/ olu ighudk wpfcsdefvHk; 'Dvdkwkduf
cdkuf&if igu b,fvkdckcH&awmhrSmvJ...}}
[k awG;rdavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ ezl; acR;oD;acR;aygufMuD;rsm; usvmavawmh\/
xdkwpf'*FtwGif;yif tzkd;MuD;\"m;onf a&SUodkYwkefcg wkd;xGufvmawmhonf/
onfwpfuGuw
f nf;ESifhyif vifh[lcsKH;\ taMumae&mckESpfckudk xdk;pdkufwdkufcdkufvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY 'kwd,tMudrf oufjyif;csEdkifjyefayNyD/ okdY wkdufcdkufvmonfhtwGuf tzkd;MuD;\
udk,fay: [muGufoHk;uGuf udkawGUvdkuf&onf/
xkd[muGufo;Hk uGufxJrS wpfuGufudk wdkucf dkufxdk;ESufvdkufkHrQESifh vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY tompD;&Ekid fayjyD/
tzdk;MuD;\em;xifodkY vifh[lcsKH;u xdk;csdefvdkufonf/ tu,f tzkd;MuD;u ol\"m;udk a&Suquf
xkwfygu ol\em;xifudk vifh[lcsKH;\"m;u xkd;pdkufrdrnfjzpf\/ jyD;rSom olY"m;onf vifh[lcsKH;udk xdk;pkdufrd
ayvdrhfrnf/ olaoudk,fao wkdufuGuf[k xif&aomfjim; olYtwGuf wpfvSrf;aemufusayvdrhfrnf/
xdyfoD;okdif;ynm&Sifrsm;tzkdY rsufpdwpfrSdwf vQyfwpfjyuf tcsdefuav;rsm;udk vk tEdkiftIH; qHk;jzwfMu
onf/ tzdk;MuD;onf olepfemEkdifaomaMumifh olY"m;udk tqHk;xd rxdk;xkwfawmhyJ puf0kdif;MuD;wck jzpfay:vm
ap&ef a0SU,rf;vdkufawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
792
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSpGmyif puf0dkif;MuD;twGif; puf0kdif;uav; ay:vmatmif "m;uGufudk a0SY,rf;ae

awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olY\"m;jzifhxkd;pdkuf&ef MudK;pm;vdkufonf/
odkYaomf ]xef;} ueJ toHjrnf[nf;oGm;jyD; "m;ESpfvufdkufcwfrdum vifh[lcsKH;\"m;rSm jyefxGufvm&
awmhonf/
xdktcsdefwGif tzkd;MuD;\ywf0ef;usif puf0dkif;rsm; wpfckjyD;wpfck ay:vmaeacsjyD/
puf0dkif;rsm;uvJ rsm;onfxufrsm;vmawmhonf/
aemufq;Hk olYwpfukd,fvHk;udk puf0dkif;rsm; zHk;uG,foGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ][muGuf} qdk wpfuu
G fwpfavrQ rawGU&acs/
tzkd;MuD;\"m;puf0dkif;rS dkufcwfvmaom avvIdkif;rsm;onfyif olYudkdkufcwfpjyKvmonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ezl;wGif acR;oD;acR;aygufMuD;rsm; oD;vmjyefonf/
]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} udk wwfuRrf;jyD;onfhaemufydkif;wGif; odkYacR;aygufrsm; wpfMudrfrQruscJhzl;acs/
xdkpOf "m;puf0dkif;rsm;rSm ol\udk,fay:odkY vIdif;rsm;ozG,f wpf0dkif;jyD;wpf0kdif; vma&mufwkdufcdkufaeacsNyD/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rnfodkYckcH&rnfenf;rodojzifh aemufodkYom wGifwGifqkwfae&awmhonf/
wkdawmif;vSaom tcsdefuav; twGif; ajcvSrf;&SpfvSrf;rQ qkwfvdkuf&awmh\/
ab;rS 0dkif;Munfhaeonfh okdif;orm;rsm;rSm olwkdY\acgif;aqmif vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf tajctae r[efrSef;
odvdkufMuavjyD/
xdkYaMumifh olwkdYtm;vHk; aZmacR;rsm; ysHvmMuawmh\/
axmifuef;u kwfw&uf ajymvkdufonf/
]]'gu bm"m;odik f;vJ/ uav;wpfa,muf puf0dkif;0dkif;ovdkygyJvm;/ 'Dvkdqdk&if igvnf;upm;wwfwmyJ}}
axmif0g;u ...
]]igom0dkif;&if olYxufawmif ydk0dkif;OD;r,f}}
axmifusufu ]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;wwfEkdiforQomckcH/ bmrSraMumufeJY/ rif;omIH;&if 'Dtzkd;MuD;udk
ajca&mvufa&m av;jcrf;qGJjzJypfvdkufr,f/ igwkdYwm0efom xm;vdkuf}}
axmif&ufu ...
]]rif;&JU \pum;u bmrSt"dyg,fr&Sdbl;/ tckolu acgif;aqmifjzpfaejyDuG/ rif;u olYudk vifh[lcsKH;vdkY
rac:Ekdifawmhbl;/ acgif;aqmifMuD;vdYyk J ac:&r,f/ aemufwpfcsufu rif;u olYudk raMumufeJYvdkY bmvdkYajym&
wmvJ/ olaMumufaerSef; rif; b,fvkdvkyfodovJ}}
cufcJpGm wkdufcdkufae&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm l;aygayg nDtpfudkwpfodku\
f jiif;ckefoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom
tcg ydk pdwfIyfoGm;awmh\/
xkdtcsdefrSmyif aemufzufodkY wpfvSrf; qkwfvkduf&jyefonf/
]AGrf;} ueJ toHwpfcsufxGufvmjyD; vifh[lcsKH;rSm AGuftdkifav;wpfckxJodkY ajcaxmufuRH oGm;awmh \/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdwfueJjzpfoGm;NyD; pOf;pm;&avawmh\/
]]q&mbkd;bdk;u ajymzl;w,f ... ]&efolu b,favmufyJ awmfaeawmfae? "m;uGufqkdwm&Sd&if [muGuf
qkdwm &SdaerSmyJ} wJh/ tck onftzdk;MuD;rSm "m;uGuf&Sdw,f/ puf0dkif;awGyJ/ ... "m;uGuf&SdvsufeJY [muGufrawGU
wmuawmh igrjrifwmyJ jzpf&r,f/ [muGufuawmh rkcs&Sd&r,f}}
pOf;pm;ae&if aemufodkY ESpfvSrf;rQ qkwfvkduf&jyefonf/ tzkd;MuD;\ "m;puf0dkif;rsm;txJrS [muGufudk
tjyif;txef &SmazGvdkufonf/ puf0dkif;"m;a&mifrsm;udkMunfh&if; tcsufwpfckudk owd&vdkufrd onf/
]]tJonfpuf0dkif;awG&JU tv,fA[dk[m olY"m;uGuf&JU [muGufjzpf&r,f/ ... wu,fvdkYom igu A[dkudk
xdk;pkdufvkdufvdkY [muGufr[kwf&ifawmh ighvuf jywfxGufoGm;rSmyJ/ ... b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf pGefYjyD;
prf;Munfh&rSmyJav/ 'Dtzkd;MuD;udkomrEkdif&if vif;vif;udkvnf; oGm;u,fEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;}}
vif;vif;udk owd&vdkufrdonfwGif olYvufarmif;wpfzuf qHk;IH;Edkifonfhta&;udk vHk;0 ESajrmwojcif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
793
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rjzpfrdawmhacs/ vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJwGif wtm;wufoGm;jyD; tzdk;MuD;\ "m;puf0kdif; tv,fA[kdoYdk xkd;pdkufvkduf

awmhonf/
]]xef;}}
"m;csif;dkufcwfoH us,favmifpGm xGufay:vmjyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;\ "m;udkifvuf wkefcgoGm;awmhonf/
olY&ifywfxJwGiv
f nf; ESvHk;ckefEIef; kww
f &uf xkd;wufoGm;onf/
odkYaomf olYvufrSmrl rnfokdYrQ rjzpfacs/
tzdk;MuD;onf aemufwpfvSrf;qkwfoGm;jyD; olY"m;udk jyefvnfkyfodrf;vdkufawmhonf/ ai;aMumif aeaom
olYrsufESmwGif trsKd;rsKd;aomt&dyfrsm; ajymif;vJaeonf/ xl;qef;jcif;? wkefvIyfjcif;? &Sufjcif; paom trlt&m
rsm;yifwnf;/ twefMum ai;aMumifaejyD;rS tzkd;MuD;u pum;ajymvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;udkig wpfck ajymcsifw,f}}
ajymae&if;rS tzdk;MuD;onf olYvufxJrS"m;udk xif;pnf;xrf;onfh odkif;orm;xHodkY jyefay;vdkufonf/
xkdYaemuf ta&SUzuf&Sd opfyifMuD;wpfyifqDodkY avQmufoGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; olYvuf xJrS"m;udk
ypfcsum vdkufoGm;onf/
vlrsm;ESifh twefi,fvSrf;onfh ae&ma&mufrS a&SUrSoGm;aeaom tzdk;MuD;u &yfwefYvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;ESifh
rsufESmcsif;qkdif&yfvdkufonf/ ,ckqkdvQif olwkdYajymaompum;oHudk tjcm;vlrsm; rMum;Ekdifawmhay/ tzkd;MuD;u
jznf;nif;pGmjzifh pum;pvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... vli,fodkif;;orm;xJrSm rif;avmuf odkif;ynmjynfh0wJhvl tifrwef&Sm;w,f/ rif;vdk
pdwf"gwfrsKd;&SdwJhvlu ydk&Sm;ao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;iHkY ...
]]tJonfvkdvnf; r[kwfao;ygbl;q&mMuD;/ uRefawmfhtaetxkdifaMumifh uRefawmfhq&mu 0gqef;*dkPf;
uae armif;xkwfcJhjyD;ygjyD}}
tzdk;MuD;u ...
]]igwkdYokdif;orm;qkdwm tvkyfwpfckckudkvkyf&if yGifhvif;jywfom;&r,f/ pdwfxm;ajzmifhrSef&r,f/ 'gu
a,bk,soabmyJ/ rif;&JUtjyKtrlawGuawmh odyf&Jwif;vGef;w,f/ pdwfvGwfukd,fvGwf vkyfw,f/ pnf;urf;
awGudk *krpkdufbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif;rSm awmfwnfhajzmifhrSefwJh ol&Jaumif;pdwfrsKd;&Sdjyefw,f}}
olYudkcsD;usL;onfh pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u raewwfrxdkifwwfjzpfum yg;pyf
jyifvkdufonf/ tzkd;MuDu vufumjy&if; qufajymonf/
]]rif;&JUvIyf&Sm;rIawGudk aemufuG,fuae vlvTwfjyD; igpHkprf;xm;ygw,f/ rif;u raumif;wJh udpawG
rusL;vGefbl;qdkwm igodxm;w,f/ igwkdYodkif;avmuuvnf; cyfcufcufyJ/ wpfcgwpfav aumv[mv
owif;awGcsnf;yJ zHk;vTrf;aewm r[kwfvm; ... 'gaMumifhrdkY odkif;avmuxJu owif;wkdif;udk owif; rSefvdkY
,lqvkdYr&Ekdifbl;}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u vGefpGm0rf;omoGm;onf/ ol\ tjyKtrlrsm;ESifh ywfouf
axmufcHajymqkday;rnfh odumorm"d&Sdolqkd wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ r&SdcJhonfudk olom todqHk; jzpfcJhonf
r[kwfygvm;/
]]'Dtzdk;MuD;u vlvTwfjyD; pHkprf;w,fqkdawmh olu [lwef;*dkPf;&JU 0gpOfMuD;yk*dKvfMuD; wpfa,mufa,muf
jzpfvdrhfr,feJYwlw,f/}}
tzkd;MuD;u quf ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... vli,fwpfa,muf[m odyfjyD; t&nftaoG;awmufajymifvGef;&if 'kuawGUwwfw,f/ rif;u
vlvnf;vli,f? tawGUtMuHKvnf; odyfr&Sdawmh umva'o ya,m*udk csifhcsifhcsdefcsdef EIdif;EIdif;qq rvkyfwwf
ao;bl;/ ... rif;&JUq&m &ufykcRefqdkwmuvnf; tjyifyef;u kyf&nf ,Ofaus;odrfarGUoavmuf twGif;
oabmu ao;odrfusOf;ajrmif;w,f}}
]]q&mMuD;u uRefawmfhtwGuf csD;ajrmufaxmufcH ay;w,fqkdwmudkawmh uRefawmf trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
794
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ygw,fcifAsm/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfhq&m[mvJ tifrwef aus;Zl;MuD;rm;vSwJh yk*dKvfMuD; jzpfygw,f/ q&mh&JU

tjypftemawGudk uRefawmf rMum;&Jygbl;cifAsm}}
tzkd;MuD;u acgif;wqwfqwfndwf&if; ajymvkduf\/
]]aus;Zl;rarhwwfbl;udk; ... aumif;w,f/ vlYavmuxJrSm udk,fhaus;Zl;&Sifudk jyefodwwfwJhvl[m
b,fawmhrS pdwfqif;&J udk,fqif;&J rjzpfbl;uG ... aemufjyD;}}
tzkd;MuD;\ rsufESmonf wnfMunfoGm;awmhonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudk b,fwkef;upjyD; oifcJhwmvJ}}
]]uRefawmf tJ'Dokdif;ynmudkoifrdwm odyfrMumao;ygbl;/ odyfoifcsifvGef;vdkY oifcJhwmvJ r[kwfygbl;/
rarQmfvifhyJ oifvkdufrdwmyg/ oifwkef;uvnf; dk;dk;okdif;ynmatmufarhjyD; oifvkdufwmyg/ jyD;awmhrS
twGif;tm;pkyfwJh twwfrSef; odvdkuf&awmh aemufqkwfvkdYr&awmhbl;}}
]]'gaMumifhuk;d ... apmapmwkef;u rif;&JU"g;eJY oHk;Mudrf xdrdcJhw,f/ rif;&JU twGif;tm;pkyfwJh'Pfudk cHvkduf&
w,f/ ajymyavmufatmifawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 'Dynmukd rif; aumif;aumif; roHk;wwf ao;bl;qkdwm
igodvdkuf&w,f ... 'DrSm ... vifh[lcsKH; ... rifudk igwpfckajymcsifw,f/ rif;em;axmif rvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef 0efcHuwdjyKvdkufonf/
]]awGUawGUcsif;rSmyJ apwem arwmeJY q&mMuD;uqHk;rcJw
h m uRefawmf em;vnfygw,f/ q&mMuD;&JU
pum;qdk&if tckomr[kwf aemifvnf; em;axmifzkdY toifhygyJcifAsm ... ajymyg}}
]]'DtwGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmqdkwmu &efoleJYwkdufcdkufaewkef;awmh odyftpGrf;xufayr,fh 'Dokdif;ynmudk
toHk;cswJhvltwGufawmh trsm;MuD; tusKd;,kwfw,f/ ]odkif;tm;} &ifhvmavav/ 'gPf&m ydkMuD;vmav avyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwf&if; ajymvkdu\
f
]][kwfuJhyg q&mMuD;/ uRefawmfvnf; yxrawmh taMumif;rodcJhygbl;/ aemufawmh q&mMuD;ajymovdkyJ
Mum;odcJh&ygw,f}}
]]at; ... rif;od&ifawmfao;wmaygh/ rif;taeeJY 'Dokdif;ynmudk qufrusifhyJ&yfvkdufwm taumif;qHk;yJ/
EdkYr[kwf&if rif;&JUpdwf"gwfvnf; ajymif;vmvdrhfr,f/ trSm;trSefudk vHk;0rcGJjcm;EkdifyJ jzpfoGm;jyD; pdwfxif&mawG
avQmufvkyfrdvrd fhr,f/ tJ'Dtcgus&if rif;&JUa&m*gu vHk;0ukvdkY &awmhr,fr[kwfbl;}}
pum;rsKd;udk ESif;qDa*[mMuD;twGif;wGif raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&Sifu vifh[lcsKH;tm; ajymcJhzl;
onf/ twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;onf avhusifholtm; ab;'kutvGefay;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;u raumif;
qdk;0g;*kdPf;twGif;odkY0ifygu vif;&Sifu xkd'gPfrsm;udk ajzazsmufay;Edkifonfhenf;udk oifMum;ayrnf[kyif
ajymMum;cJhao;onf/
xkdpOfu vif;&SifajymcJhonfh pum;rsm;rSm jcdrf;ajcmufonfhoabmrsKd; yg0ifonf/ ,ck tzdk;MuD;url
apwemoefYoefYESifh owday;pum; ajymMum;jcif;jzpfojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm ausmrS acR;rsm;xGufvmonftxd
aMumufvefYoGm;awmhonf/
]]q&mMuD;&JUqHk;rpum;udk uRefawmf wpfoufvHk;rarhygbl; tjrJwrf; tonf;ESvHk;xJrSm xnfhxm;yghr,f/
'Dokdif;ynm[m raumif;bl;qkdwmvnf; uRefawmfodygw,f/ 'DynmeJY olrsm;udk xdcdkufatmif rvkyfygbl; ...
'gayr,hf wpfckcufaewmu 'Dynmu tvdktavsmuf &efoludk wkdufckdufwwfwJh oabmyJ/ olYukd roHk;csif
ayr,fhvJ twGif;tm;xkwfvkdufwmeJY olu tvdkvdk wkdufcdkufwwfawmh tawmfhukd cufaeygw,f}}
]]at; ... rif;&JU 'kuudk igem;vnfygw,f/ wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/ cufawmh cufw,f ... a&Smifvif
bk&m;ausmif;&JU ]taMumavQmh odkif;ynm} qdkwm rif;Mum;zl;ovm;}}
]][kwfuJh ... Mum;zl;ygw,f/ tJ'D twGif;tm;okdif;ynm[m odkif;avmurSm tjrifhqHk; twGif;tm; ynmvkdY
Mum;zl;ygw,f}}
]]at; ... tJ'Dodkif;ynmeJY ywfoufjyD; rif;ukd igulnDEdkifvdrhfr,fvdkY arQmfvifhrdwmyJ ... 'Davmuf rsm;jym;wJh
vlpkvla0;MuD;udkOD;aqmifjyD; a&Smifvifausmif;udk csDwufoGm;r,fqdkwm ao;ao;zGJzGJ r[kwfbl;/ wkdufyGJMuD;
jzpfoGm;vdkY b,foyl JEdkifEdkifIH;IH; ESpfzufpvHk; emrSmyJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
795
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tzdk;MuD;u acwem;um vifh[lcsKH;udk tuJcwfvdkufonf/

]]'Dawmh rif;&JUvltkyfMuD;udk azsmif;zsjyD; aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfhoGm;apcsifw,f/ iguawmh rif;&JU udk,fpm;
a&Smifvifausmif;ukdoGm;jyD; rif;&JU twGif;tm;pkyf odkif;ynmaMumifh &xm;wJhtwGif;'gPf&mawG aysmufatmif
]taMumavQmh twGif;tm;} udk oifay;cdkif;r,f/ b,fhES,fvJ/ aoG;xGufoH,dk jzpfr,fhab;udk vnf; a&SmifvTJEdkif?
rif;twGufvnf; tusKd;&SdwmayghuGm}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vkdufonf/
]]'gayr,fh a&Smifvifausmif;xJrSm zrf;csKyfcHxm;&wJh rdef;uav; twGufusawmhaum}}
]]'Drdef;uav;u a&Smifvif*dkPf;om;av;a,mufudk xdcdkufatmifvkyfcJhw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu raumif;
qdk;0g; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU orD;jzpfaew,f/ rif;vdk t&nftcsif;rsKd;? pdwfxm;rsKd;[m tJonf rdef;uav;rsKd;eJY
rwefygbl;/ bmjzpfvdkY tJonfrdef;uav;udk rif;u rpGefYvTwfEkdifatmif jzpfae&wmvJ/ bmjzpfvkdY udk,fhukd,fudk
epfrGef;atmif vkyfcsif&wmvJ}}
]]q&mMuD;wkdY&JU t,ltqu wpfrsKd;jzpfaeygw,f/ trSefuawmh 'Drdef;uav;taMumif; aoaocsmcsm
rodvdkY olYudk OayumjyKzkdY uRefawmfhudk q&mMuD;ajymaewmyg/ ol[m uRefawmfhtay:rSm toufeJY qyf&avmuf
atmif aus;Zl;awG&Sdaeygw,f/ uRefawmfu jyefqyf&ygvdrhfr,f/ q&mMuD;ajymwJh pum;awGxJu tJ'Dtcsufudk
vufrcHEdkifwJhtwGufawmh pdwfraumif;ygbl;cifAsm}}
tzkd;MuD;u oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum nnf;nnf;nLnL ajymvdu
k fonf/
]]vli,fqkdawmh reJYywfoufvmwJhtcg a&SmifEdkifzdkY rvG,fbl;ayghav}}
vifh[lcsKH;u cg;nTwf EIwfqufvdkuo
f nf/
]]q&mMuD; ... uRefawmfhudk oGm;cGifhjyKygOD;}}
tzdk;MuD;u ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; .. cPaeOD;/ igu rif;wkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY toGm;tvm odyfr&Sdayr,fh rif;&JUq&m &ufykcRef
uawmh igh&JUrsufESmudk enf;enf;yg;yg; axmufxm;vdrhfr,fvdkYxifygw,f ... rif;om ighazsmif;zscsufudk
vufcHr,fqdk&if igeJY a&Smifvifausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD;eJY rif;twGuf tmrcHay;Mur,f ... rif;&JUq&mu
rif;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;xJjyef0ifzkdY vufcHap&r,f ... igajymwm rif;vufcHovm;}}
tzkd;MuD;\pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm uwkefu,ifjzpfoGm;awmhonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf; odkY
jyefvnf0ifa&mufcGifh&a&; qkdonfrSm ol\ tMuD;qHk;aom arQmfvifhcsufMuD;yif r[kwfygvm;/ tzdk;MuD;\
avoHESifh[efyeft& olonf [lwef;*dkPf;\ xdyfoD;odkif;q&mMuD;wpfa,muf jzpfonfrSm aocsmaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh onftzdk;MuD;uom a&Smifvifq&mawmfMuD;rsm;ESifh twlwuGoGm; olYq&m &ufykcReftm;
ajymay;ygu olYq&mtaejzifh jiif;y,f&ef tvGefcufayvdrhfrnf/ a&SmifvifESifh [lwef;qdkonfrSm odkif;avmu
\ rD;I;wefaqmifrsm;r[kwfygvm;/
0gqef;*dkPf;odkY rdrd jyefvnf0ifa&mufcGifh&vQif tenf;qHk; vdefvdefESifh aeYwkdif;awGUcGifh&rnf/ odkYaomf
rdrdtoufudk u,fwifcJhonfh vif;vif;crsmrSmawmh a&Smifvifausmif;wGif ydwfavSmifcHae&awmh rnf/ odkY
jzpfoifhygoavm/ vif;vif;wpfa,muf rdrdtwGuf 'kua&mufaeonfudk Munfh&ufygoavm/
odkY pOf;pm;vdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ wpfudk,fvHk;&SdaoG;rsm; qla0vmawmhonf/
]]q&mMuD;cifAsm; ... tJonfrdef;uav;udkom a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JU vufxJuae ru,fEkdifbl; qdk&if
uRefawmf[m vlYavmuxJrSm touf&SifaezkdY raumif;awmhygbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf/ q&mMuD;&JU apwemudkawmh
aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ uRefawmfhtaeeJY wpfckawmh uwdjyKcsifygw,f/ 'DudpMuD; atmifjrifonfjzpfap?
ratmifjrifonfjzpfap/ uRefawmfom touf&Sifao;w,fqdk&ifawmh [lwef;awmifudk vmjzpfatmif vmygOD;
r,f/ q&mMuD;wkdY&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk vmjyD; *g&0jyKygOD;r,f}}
tzdk;MuD;u twefMum pkdufMunfhaejyD;rS ajymvkdufonf/
]]aumif;jyDav/ rif;oGm;EdkifygjyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u cg;nTwf tzdk;MuD;udk *g&0jyKvdkufjyD; aES;auG;pGmjzifh olY&Jabmfrsm;qD jyefavQmufvm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
796
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmhonf/
]]uJ ... usKyfwkdY c&D;quf&atmif}}
axmifqufu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u b,fhES,f wkdufyGJudk &yfypfvkduf&wmvJu/G tIH;tEdkifrS ray:ao;wm ...
qufjydKifzkdYaumif;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh tzkd;MuD;wkdY\jyKdifyGJudk okdif;ynmtvGefawmfonfh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufrS rodvQif
tjcm;vlrsm; odEkdifrnf r[kwfawmhacs/ "m;odkif;,SOfjydKifvQif tzdk;MuD;taejzifh vifh[lcsKH;udk rnfokdYrQ
Ekdif&eftaMumif;r&Sdojzifh qufrjydKifawmhjcif;om jzpfonf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;url ...
]]'Dq&mMuD;&JU"m;odkif;u odyfaumif;w,f/ qufjydKif&if usKyfyJ IH;rSmyJ/ tckavmuf jydKifwmawmif usKyfrSm
b,favmuf aZmacR;jyefaeovJ/ qufrjydKifwmyJ aumif;ygw,fAsm}}
axmifqufu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... 'Dae&mrSmawmh rif;u igwkdYajcmufa,mufudk vHk;0rrSDbl;/ odyfEkHwmyJ/ qufjydKif ayghuG/
qufjydKif&if rif;EkdifEkdifw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wkdY rawGYzl;vm;/ usKyfMuD;yJ aemufudk wpfqkwfwnf; qkwfae&wm/ usKyfEdkifr,fvkdY b,frSm
ajymEkdifyghrvJ/ 'DavmufeJY &yfvdkufwm usKyftwGuf tawmfuav; oufomoGm;wmAs}}
axmifqufu tavQmhray;yJ ajymvku
d fonf/
]]bmvdkY rif;u rEkdif&rSmvJ/ tzkd;MuD;u toufMuD;aejyDyJ/ 'Dawmh rif;avmuf b,ftm;&SdyghrvJ/
tcsdefMumvmwmeJYtrQ rif;u tompD;&vmrSmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS awG;vdkufonf/
]]tif; ... 'Dvl ajcmufa,mufudk l;aygaygqdkjyD;awmh txifao;vkdYr&bl;/ olwkdYrSm csifhcsdef pOf;pm;wwfwJh
OD;aESmufawmh &Sdao;wmyJ/ 'DvdkqkdawmhvJ odyfrqdk;ygvm;}}
axmifquf\pum;udk vifh[lcsKH;u awGa0pOf;pm;aeonf[k xifrSwfum axmifuef;u 0ifar;av onf/
]]tckeu rif;bmajymvdkufw,f/ jyefajymprf;ygOD;/ toufMuD;&if bmjzpfvkdY tm;r&Sd&rSmvJ/ toufMuD;&if
tm;ydk&Sdw,fuG}}
axmifuef;\pum;udk vifh[lcsKH;u oabmaygufvdkufonf/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwGif axmifuef; onf
tpfudktMuD;qHk; r[kwfygvm;/ axmifqufrSm 'kwd,omjzpfav&m ]toufMuD;vQif tm;r&Sd} [k axmifqufu
ajymvdkufjcif;onf axmifuef;tm; wdkufdkufxdcdkufapawmhonf/ axmifuef;taejzifh rnf odkYrQ
oabmrwlEkdifay/
axmifuef;u quf ...
]]rif;ajymwJhtwkdif;omqkd&if avmuMuD;wpfckvk;H cufukef&acs&JU/ toufi,fav? tm;MuD;av/
[kwfvm;/ uJ ... oGm;prf;/ oHk;ESpfom;uav; oGm;ac:cJhprf;/ b,favmuftm;aumif;ovJ igprf;r,f/
tJonfawmhrS rif;ajymwJhpum; rSefrrSef od&r,f}}
axmif0g;u 0if ...
]]'Dpum; rrSefao;bl;/ oHk;ESpfom;uav;u tm;MuD;yghrvm;uG/ ESpfESpfom;uav;u ydktm;MuD;
awmhraygh}}
olajymaeonfh pum;vrf;aMumif; b,fa&muf b,faygufrSef;rodawmhyJ axmifuef;u csufcsif; yif
wkHYjyefavonf/
]]rif;vnf; rSm;wmyJ/ wpfESpfom;uav;u ydkjyD; tm;MuD;rSmayghuG}}
wGif pum;0kdif;xJ rygao;aom axmif&ufu 0ifaESmifhjyefonf/
]]tm;vHk;rSm;w,f/ tarhAdkufxJrSm &SdwJh rarG;&ao;wJh uav;u tm;tMuD;qHk;yJuG/ [m; ...[m; ... [m;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
797
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtm;vHk; ajrmuft&yfodkY OD;wnfcsDwufvmcJhMuonf/ [kdeefe,fodkY a&mufaomtcg

tkyfpkMuD;ESpfpkESifh xyfrHyl;aygif;rdMujyefonf/ ,ckawmh olwkdY\wyfaygif;pkMuD;wGif vlOD;a& av;axmifcefY
&SdvmavjyD/
odkif;orm;rsm;onf vif;vif;tay: tvGefopm&SdMurSef; vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGmodonf/ odkYaomf
olwkdYonf rdkufrdkufuef;uef;ESifh wHk;wkdufwdkuf usm;udkufudkuf vkwfwwfMuolrsm;jzpfav&m tvGef
aMumufp&m aumif;onf/ a&Smifvif*kdPf;ESifh wu,fwrf;wkdufcdkufMuygu txdtckduftustqHk; rnfrQ
&Sdrnfudk awG;MunfhvQifyif r0Hh&Jp&mjzpfaeonf/
aeYpOfaeYwdkif;yif q&mrMuD; wifh&SefESifh wifh&DwdkYxHrS ydkYvTwfrnfh qufom;udk vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf
apmifharQmfaerdonf/ odkY&mwGif rnfonfhqufom;rQrvm/ rnfonfhowif;rQ r&acs/ wjznf; jznf;ESifh
olwkdYwyfrMuD;onf a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;ESifh rkdifaygif; ig;q,fcefYom uGma0;awmhonf/
olwkdYcsDwufvmaom owif;rSmvnf; odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; aomif;aomif;nHvsuf&SdaeayjyD/ odkYaomf
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;qDrS rnfonfhvIyf&Sm;rIrQ rawGU&acs/ jidrfoufaeaom a&jyif\teufukd rSef;q&ef cufonf
qdkouJhodkY a&Smifvif*kdPf;\ jidrfoufaerIonf MuD;rm;aomtE&m,f t&dyfta,mifrsm;udk jyovsuf
&Sdaeonf[k vifh[lcsKH;awG;rdonf/ a&Smifvif*P
dk f;onf tvGefjynfhpHkvSaom ppfjyifqifrI trsKd; rsKd;udk
tqifoifh jyifqifxm;jyD;avmufavjyD/
,if;aMumifh olYoabmESifholrvkyfawmhyJ toufMuD;jyD; tawGUtMuHKrsm;jym;aom avmifxdk? usLcsef;?
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jzpfawmhonf/ tm;vH;k udk MuuftdyfMuufEdk;om tem;,lMu&ef vifh[lcsKH;u wyfvSefYxm;onf/
tcsKdUaom odkif;orm;rsm;rSm tdyfpufjcif;tvsOf;r&SdyJ olwkdY\ "g;vSHvufeufrsm;udk aoG;aeMu onf/
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]]tif; ... 'DvlawGtm;vHk;ukd bk&m;ausmif;ay:ac:roGm;yJ igwpfa,mufwnf; t&ifoGm;jyD;awmh
ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;? q&mawmfMuD; zef;qef;wkdYeJY oGm;awGU&if raumif;bl;vm;/ odyfjyD;wmh
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wpfckum; vif;vif;yifjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufpdxJwGif wuGJwjym;pDjzpfaeaom vltkyfMuD;onf
vif;vif;tm; ausmckdif;vsuf aMumuftm;vefYtm;jzifh atmf[pfajy;vTm;aeonfudk jrifa,mifvmawmhonf/
]]igomr&SdcJh&if vif;vif;udku,fEkdifzdkY rvG,fawmhbl;/ 'DvlawG[m &J&Jawmuf ppfonfawG jzpfwm
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'Dvkdawmh rjzpfbl;/ igtaocHvkdY rjzpfbl;/ vif;vif;udk r&&atmif igu,f&r,f}}
wjznf;jznf; pdwf"gwfESifh owdrsm; qla0vmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u tHudk wif;wif;BudwfjyD;
a&Smifvifausmif;awmf &Sd&mzufodkY arQmfMunfhvkdufonf/

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
798
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&Smifvif bk&m;ausmif;wGif ydwfrdjcif;

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wyfaygif;pkMuD; a&SmifqufawmifajcodkY wpkwa0;MuD; qdkufa&mufvmcsdefwGif awGU&aom jrifuGif; aMumifh
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;rdonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wkdY\ aemufwGif ajrmufjrm;pGmaom vlrsm; ygvmonf
r[kwfygvm;/ olYpdwfxJwGif wyfrMuD;xJrS vlrsm;rSm atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm; tukefyif jzpfonf[k
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfwiG f xifrSwfcJhonf/ ,ckawmh olYtxifrSm;rSef; odvdkuf&acsjyD/
a&Smifqufawmifajc0ef;usif wpfOD;csif;? wpfzGJYcsif;vmMuaom atmufvrf;*kdPf;om;rsm;udk awGU&Sd
&jyefonf/ [lyg;awmifukef;xdyfwGif wpfcgomjrifzl;aom odkif;orm;rsm;udk ,ckaemufwpfMudrf awGU& onf/
rnfrQtxd vlpko
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wyfaygif;pk okdif;orm;rsm;onf vlrsm;udk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg pdwf"gwfwufMuGvmjyD; atmifpnf
atmifarmif;rsm;udk tqufrjywf wD;cwfMuavawmh\/ twefMum wD;cwfvdkufonfhwkdif a&Smifvifbkef;BuD;
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ausmif;wkduftwGif;odkY vSrf;pum;ajymvdkufawmhonf/
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jidrfouf aeawmhonf/
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ay;rvm;}}
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avQmufoGm;um usLcsef;u wHcg;rMuD;udk acgufvdkufonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfhwHkYjyefoHrQ rMum;&acs/
aemufqHk;wGif pdwfr&Snfawmhaom usLcsef;u wHcg;rMuD;udk wGef;vkdufaomtcg tvG,fwulyif yGifhoGm;
awmhonf/ twGif;odkY vSrf;Munfhvkdufaomtcg bkef;awmfMuD; wpfyg;wpfavrQ rawGU&onfhtjyif ykef;uG,f
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
799
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aeonfh vuPmvnf; rawGU&acs/

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taMumif;Mum;vkdufawmhonf/ usLcsef;ajymonfh pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYem;yif
olr,HkyJ jzpfaeawmhonf/ ,ckcsDwufvmonfh vlrsm;xuf odkif;ynmawmfaomfjim; uJhodkYaom udprsKd;wGif
rnfodkYrnfyHk aqmif&Guf&rnfudk rqHk;jzwfwwfatmifjzpfaeawmh\/
axmifuef;u ...
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usd[lurl ...
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vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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bmudkrQrawGU&acs/ bkef;MuD;vnf; wpfyg;rQrawGU&/ odkYjzifh tv,faqmifodkY a&mufvm onf/
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vifh[lcsKH;onf kwfjcnf;yif &yfvdkufjyD; olYaemufrSvltm;vHk;udkvnf; &yfwefY&ef tcsufay;vdkufonf/
olYvufrSm eH&Hab; tcef;wpfckudk nTefjyaeonf/
ig;a,mufpvHk; xdktcef;ab;odkY tvsiftjrefajy;uyfum em;axmifvdkuf&m twGif;rS nnf;nLoHrsm;
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onf/ oljrifawGUvkduf&onfh jrifuGif;rSmum; ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
800
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mav; ... owdxm;}}

olwkdYvnf; csufcsif;vdkvdk ckef0ifvmMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u wpfzufrS r,foDv&ifMuD;udk Munhfvkdufonf/ olxifonfhtwkdif;yif wifh&Sef r,foDv&ifMuD;
jzpfaeawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdk;&drfMuD;pGmjzifh atmfac:vkdufonf/
]]q&mrMuD; ... q&mrMuD;}}
wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;rSmvnf; rsufpdrsm;udk arS;rSdwfxm;onf/ tpyxrwGif olr\ rsufvHk;rsm; onf
ta&mif[lr&Sdawmhatmif arS;rSdefaeaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;udk rarQmfvifhyJ awGUvdkuf&onfhtcgwGifrl 0rf;om
oa,mif awmufyvmonf/
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vifh[lcsKH;u nifompGmajymvdkufonf/
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wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;\ EIwfcrf;rsm;rSm xyfrHvIyf&Sm;oGm;jyefonf/ tvGeftm;wif;jyD;ajym&onf/
onfwpfMudrw
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]]rif; ... ighudk ... uwdwpfck ... ay;yg}}
vGefpGmta&;MuD;onfhtcsdef jzpfaeojzifh pOf;pm;&ef tcsdefr&awmhyJ vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef;ajym
vdkufonf/
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onfq&mrMuD;ESpfa,muf odkY tjzpfqdk;MuHK&jcif;rSm rdrdtwGufaMumifhjzpfav&m tusKd;taMumif; tqdk;
taumif; pOf;pm;ae&efrvkd[kvnf; ydkif;jzwfrdonf/ olYtaejzifh q&mrMuD;rsm;udk cifrifrdaejyD jzpfojzifhvnf;
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsuf&nfjzdKifjzdKifusvmawmhonf/
wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;u ajymvdkufonfrSm ...
]]rif; ... igwdkY [efqef;*kdPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftjzpf aqmifGuf&r,f}}
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wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;u OD;acgif;ukd cg,rf;&if; ...
]][ifhtif; .. rjzpfbl; ... rjzpfbl; ... [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfvkyzf kdY rif;uoabmrwl&if igb,fvkdrS
taoajzmifhrSmr[kwfbl; ... rif;qHk;jzwfyg ... igtaorajzmifhapcsif&ifawmh rif;&JUoabmygyJ}}
olrarQmfvifhxm;aomudpjzpfojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm rnfodkYqHk;jzwf&rSef; rodyJjzpfae\/ olYtzdkY tvGefw&m
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wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;u jyHK;vkdufjyD; ...
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wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD;onf vifh[lcsKH;udk xl;qef;pGmpdkufMunfhvu
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pum;qHk;onfESifh odrfarGUEl;nHhvSaom [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf wifh&Sefr,foDv&ifMuD; uG,fvGefoGm;av
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
801
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmhonf/ olYwpfoufwm raMuuGJpzl; aMuuGJpGmcHpm;vdkuf&jyD; vifh[lcsKH;u csKH;yGJcsidka<u;vdkufawmhonf/

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vli,fjzpfaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muftwGuf vGefpGmemMunf;aeojzifh csufcsif;yif ...
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odkY&mwGif usd[lu wm;jrpfvdkufonf/
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ydkufpdyfwkduf &SmazGMuavawmh\/ xdkpOf tjyifzufrS vlwpfa,mufu atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... b,fvkdvJuG/ rif;u cGJjcm;cGJjcm;rvkyfygeJY/ igwkdYudkawmh ay;r0ifbl;/ ... 'gqkd&if igwdkYu
ydkawmif0ifcsifao;w,f/ uJ .. tck igwkdY0ifvmawmh bmwwfEdkifao;ovJ}}
axmif0g;yifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsufarSmifwpfcsufukwfoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf rnfodkYrQjyefrajymyJ
jidrfaevdkufonf/ tjiif;tckefvkyfaeygu vif;vif;udk &SmazGEdkifrnfr[kwfacs/
axmifuef;u ...
]]'DavmufemrnfMuD;wJh a&Smifvifausmif;udka&mufjyD;rS txJ0ifrMunfh&bl;qkd&if b,favmuf&ifem p&m
aumif;vkdufrvJ/ tckqdkawmh a&Smifvifudk a&muf&usKd;eyfjyDa[h}}
axmif0g;u ...
]]tifrwef emrnfMuD;wJh bk&m;ausmif;xJ a&mufwmawmh [kwfygjyD/ 'gayr,fh a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;
wpfyg;rSrawGU&wm &ifemp&myJa[h}}
nDtpfudkajcmufa,mufonf tjyefjyeftvSefvSefajym&if; wpfcef;0ifwpfcef;xGuf avQmufoGm;aeMu
awmh\/ olwkdYudk tm;vHk;u ab;rJhvTwfxm;Muawmhonf/
rsm;rMumrDyif &SmazGolrsm; owif;ydkYvmMuonf/ a&Smifvifausmif;twGif; vl[l wpfa,mufrQ r&Sd/
usrf;pmtkyfaqmifwGifvnf; pmtkyfwpftkyfrQr&Sd/ qef? qD? qm; ponfh &dumESiw
fh lonfht&mvnf; r&Sd/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
802
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
taemufzuf jcHus,fMuD;twGif; pdkufysKd;xm;aom [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;utp tm;vHk; Ekwf,loGm; jyD;jzpfonf

qdkonfhowif;yifjzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfrsm; av;vHvmawmh\/
]]b,fvdkjzpfwmygvdrhf/ olwkdYu 'Dvdkypnf;awGawmif tm;vHk;,loGm;w,fqkdawmh vif;vif;udkvnf;
b,fxm;cJhrvJ/ olwkdYeJY twlac:oGm;rSmyJ? quf&Smaevnf; rawGUEkdifbl;}}
av;vHaompdwfrsm;jzifh awGa0ai;armaeaom vifh[lcsKH;\ab;wGifum; wyfaygif;pk &Jabmfrsm;onf
auseyftm;&aeMuonf/
]]a&Smifvifqkdwm odkif;avmurSm eHygwfwpfqdk? tckawmh b,frSm[kwfvdkYvJ/ igwkdYa&mufvmawmh
ajy;vkdufMuwm t&dyfawmifrjrif&bl;}}
]][m;[m;[m; ... 'Dwpfcgawmh igwkdY&JUtpGrf;udk odkif;avmu u vlawGtm;vHk; odoGm;wmaygh/
b,faumifrS igwkdYudk txifao;&JawmhrSmr[kwfbl;}}
xdkuJhodkY wpfa,mufwpfayguf qlnaH eaom tcsdefwGif toHwpfoHxGufvm\/
]]a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awG xGufajy;wmu ta&;rMuD;ygbl;/ olwkdYzmom ajy;csifajy;? rajy;csifae/ igu
*krpdkufbl; ... ightwGufta&;MuD;wmu aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fxkwfzkdYyJ/ igvmwJh &nfG,fcsufu
bkef;MuD;awGudk armif;xkwfzkdYrSr[kwfwm}}
xdkpum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg vltm;vHk; jidrfoufoGm;Muawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vkdufonf/
]]uJ ... tckb,fvdkvkyfjyD; aqmifGufoifhw,fqkdwm aqG;aEG;&atmif tMuHPfawGay;Muyg}}
0rfyghu ...
]]usKyfoabm ajym&&ifawmh aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk &Sm&wmcufw,f/ bkef;MuD;awGudk&SmzdYv
k G,fw,f/
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;rSm bkef;MuD;awG axmifcsDjyD;&SdaewmyJ/ olwkdYwpfoufvHk; ykef;aevkdYrSr&wm/ 'Dawmh
bkef;MuD;awGudk t&if&Sm&r,f/ olwkdYudkawGU&if aerif;orD;awmfuav; b,frSm&Sdw,fqdkwm odEdkifjyDaygh}}
olYpum;ukd em;axmifjyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif ay:vmaom tMuHrSmum;/
]][kwfw,f/ bkef;MuD;awGudkawGUzkdY ta&;MuD;w,f/ igwkdYuom bkef;MuD;wpf&mavmuf zrf;xm;Ekdif&if
olwkdYeJYvJzkdY tusyfudkifvdkY&jyD}}
xkdpOf vlwpfa,muf\ us,favmifaomtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ xdktoHrsm us,favmifvSojzifh
ywf0ef;usifwpfckvHk; wkef[nf;oGm;oa,mifxif&\/
]]'DaeYwpfaeYvHk; tom;rpm;&ao;bl;/ Adkufvnf;qmvSjyD/ 'Dbk&m;ausmif;xJrSm bkef;MuD;wpfyg;rS r&Sdwm
cufw,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if bkef;MuD;i,fi,f tom;EkEktG,fav;awGukd&SmjyD; csufpm;vdkuf&&if odyftm;&SdrSmyJ ...
[if; ... qmvdkufwm}}
xkdpum;udak jymvkdufolrSm udk,fvHk;udk,fxnf MuD;rm;vSaom vlMuD;wpfa,mufjzpf\/ olYvdkvlrsKd;
aemufxyfwpfa,muf&Sdao;onf/ olwkdY ESpfa,mufonf twlwlxdkifae&if; ajymvdkufMujcif;jzpfonf/
odkif;avmuom;rsm;u olwdkYudk ajrmufydkif; 0uf0HMuD;ESpfaumif[kac:Mu\/ tom;jzLaomvlMuD;rSm
ajrmufydkif; 0uf0HjzLjzpfjyD; tom;rnf;olrSm 0uf0Hrnf;jzpfonf/ olwkdYum; vlom;pm;aom odkif;orm;rsm;
jzpfMuonf/
xkdvlESpfa,muf\ nnf;nLoHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkduf0Hhcdkuf0Hh? owfjzwf0Hhaom odkif;orm; rsm;yif
MuufoD;jzef;jzef;
xoGm;Muavawmh\/ trSefwu,fawmh ae&mwGif&Sdaom odkif;orm;wkdif;
qmavmifaeMuavjyD/
0rfyghu ...
]]a&Smifvifausmif;uawmh wu,fhtMuHudk MuHvkdufwmyJ/ usKyfwkdY iwfjywfjyD; jyefajy;wmudk Munfhcsif
w,feJYwlw,f/ 'gayr,fh olwkdYxifoavmuf b,fvG,frvJ/ usKyfwkdYu 'Davmuf vG,fvG,f uav;eJY
jyefajy;p&mvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]cifAsm;rSm tMuH&SdyHk&w,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
803
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0rfyghu ]]usKyfwkdY&JU &JabmfawGudk tkyfpkESpfpkcGJvdkufr,f/ wpfpku a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awG&JU ajc&mudkcHr,f/

aemufwpfpku awmifay:u odkif;orm;awGtwGuf [if;oD;[if;Guf? pm;a&&dumawG&Sm&r,f/ usefwJh
odkif;orm;awGuawmh 'Dtay:uyJ apmifhae&if&ygw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]'DtpDtpOf aumif;om;yJ/ 'Dvkdqdk&if &Jabmfig;&mudk aG;cs,fjyD; vTwfvdkuf ayawmh
olwkdY&JUwm0efu a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awGudk ajc&mcHvdkufzdkY/ aemufxyf wpfzGJYvnf;aG;&r,f/ pm;a&&dum
twGufaygh/ 'DudpawGudk tm;vHk; 0dkif;vkyfMuwmaygh}}
0rfyghu vlaG;&ef xGufoGm;rnftjyKwGif vefzkef;zkef;u vSrf;aemufvkdufonf/
]]0rfygh ... jrefjrefjyefvmaemf/ uRefrwkdYtem;rSm 0uf0HnDtpfudk&Sdaewm/ &SifjyefrvmyJ Mumae&if
0uf0HnDtpfudk odyfqmaevdrhfr,f/ pm;p&mr&SdvdkY uRefrwkdYudk vkdufpm;aerS 'ku}}
0rfyghu aemufjyefvSnfhum w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...
]]'gawmh rylygeJY/ 0uf0HnDtpfudk Adkufb,favmufyq
J mqm/ qmvGef;vdkY aysmhacGaeygap/ cifAsm;udk
vufeJYrxd&Jap&bl;/ usKyfwm0ef,lygw,f}}
xdkYaemuf odkif;orm;wkdif;vkdvdk a&Smifvifausmif;MuD;\ taqmifaqmif tcef;cef;udk 0ifxGuf MunfhI
avhvmMuawmhonf/ ausmif;0if;MuD;rSm us,fvGef;vSojzifh Munfhp&mrsm; rukefEkdifatmif jzpfaeawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmawmh acgufwkHYacgufjyef vrf;avQmuf&if; pOf;pm;cef; 0ifae\/
]]q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu bmjzpfvdkY ighudk [efqef;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfvkyfzkdY uwdawmif;&wmvJ ...
igua,mufsm;yJ/ [efqef;*dkPf;vdk rdef;rawGcsnf;&SdwJh ae&mrSm b,fhES,fvkyf *dkPf;csKyfvkyfEkdifrvJ ...
odkif;avmuom;awG &,f&vGef;vdkY tlwufjyD;aoawmhrSmyJ ... 'gayr,fh uwday;vdkufjyD;jyD/ uwdudk awmh
zsufvdkYr&awmhbl; ... wu,fawmh igu wpfudk,fa&wpfum, avvGifhaewmyJav/ b,fol&,f &,f
ta&;pdkufp&mrvkdygbl;/ ta&;rpdkufbl;/ b,folYrS ta&;rpdkub
f l; ...}}
okdY pOf;pm;vkdufrdaomtcg tm;wufoGm;&onf/ xdktcdkuf ta0;rS atmf[pfoHrsm;udk cyfoJhoJh
Mum;vkduf&\/ rsm;rMumrDyif bk&m;ausmif;a&SU&Sd vltkyfMuD;twGif;rSvnf; tkwftkwfusufusuf toHrsm;
Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; ajy;xGufMunfhvkdufonf/ xdyfqHk;rS ajy;vmolrSm ykcHk;wGif; jrm;pdkuf0ifae
onfh 0rfyghyifwnf;/
]]acgif;aqmifMuD; .. a&Smifvif*dkPf;uvlawG awmifajcudk ydwfqdkYxm;w,f/ usKyfwkdYawmh tl;vkyfcH&jyD/
olwkdY&JU y&d,m,fnTwfuGif;xJ0ifrdjyD/ usKyfwkdY t0dkif;cHae&jyD acgif;aqmifMuD;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfvIyf&Sm;pGmjzifh jyefar;vkdufonf/
]]bm .. a&Smifvifbkef;MuD;awGu 0dkif;xm;w,f ... [kwfvm;}}
]]bkef;MuD;awG r[kwfbl;/ vlawG ... vlawG/ awmifatmufudk usKyfwkdY wpfrkdifavmuf qif;oGm; jyD;awmh
a&SUuae jrm;awGxGufvmawmhwmyJ/ acsmif;jyD;ypfwmrdkY &Jabmfq,fa,mufavmuf usqHk;oGm;w,f/ 'Pf&m
&wJhvlawG trsm;MuD;yJ/ 'DvlawGudkawmif renf;jyefu,fvm&w,f}}
pum;ajym&if;jzifh ausmif;0if;a&SUodkY xGufvm&m jrm;xdcH&aom vlemtrsm;tjym;udk awGUvdkuf&onf/
wGif wyfaygif;pk odkif;orm;xkMuD;rSm atmufodkYqif;wkdufckduf&ef a'grmefMuD;vmMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u olwkdYtm; azsmif;zs&if; usLcsef;tm; pum;ajymaponf/
usLcsef;u ...
]]'DyHktwdki;f qkd&if a&Smifvif*dkPf;uvlawG MudKwifaxmifacsmufqifxm;w,fqkdwm aocsmaejyD}}
avmifxdkuvnf; acgif;ndwfum ...
]][kwfw,f/ usKyfwkdYu olwdkYaxmifacsmufxJ 0ifvmMuwmyJ? bmrSajymp&m r&Sdawmhbl;/ ausmcsrS
"g;jyrSef;odw,f qkdwJhtwkdif;yJ/ olwkdYtuGufxJrSm usKyfwkdY vnfpif;ay;cJhovdkyJ/ tckawmh &Sif;oGm;ygjyD av/
'Dbkef;BuD;awGu usKyfwkdYtm;vHk;ukd iwfaoatmif tpDtpOfvkyfwmyJ}}
xkdpOf vltkyfMuD;qDrS atmf[pfoHrsm; xyfrHMum;vkduf&jyefonf/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;\ y&d,m,f nTwfuGif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
804
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wGif; 0ifrdjyD[k od&aomcP olwkdYonf qmavmifrIrsm;? armyef;rIrsm; acwaysmufuG,foGm;MujyD;

a'gorsm;u rD;awmifaygufuGJonfhES,f xGufvmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]&efolawG&JUjrm;wyfu aMumufp&myJ/ 'Dwpfcg usKyfwkdYwkdufr,fqdk&if tJ'Djrm;awGudk umuG,fwJh enf;udk
t&ifpOf;pm;jyD;rS wkdufvdkY&r,f}}
usd[lu ...
]]usKyfrSm tMuHwpfck&Sdw,f/ 'Dbk&m;ausmif;0if;xJu bkef;MuD;awGtdyfwJh arGY&mawGu taumif;qHk;
tumtuG,fawGaygh/ jrm;awGazmufr0ifEkdifatmif arGU&mwHwkdif;umjyD;awmh wufwkdufMuwmaygh}}
tm;vHk;u xdktMuHudk vufcHvkdufMujyD; arGU&mrsm;udk tjyifodkYxkwfvmMuonf/
]]arGU&mawG udkifxm;wJhvlawGu a&SUuaeqif;Mu/ a&SUwef;uae tumtuG,fay;Mu}}
usd[lu ]]acgif;aqmifMuD; ... awmifajca&muf&if b,frSmjyefqHkMurvJ/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk b,fvkd
jyefu,fMurvJ/ tckuwnf;u MudKwiftpDtpOf vkyfxm;MurSjzpfr,f}}
]]aerif;orD;awmfuav;udku,fzdkYu 'kwd,OD;pm;ay;jzpfoGm;jyD/ 'Duodkif;orm;awG axmifacsmufxJ
uvGwfzdkYu yxrOD;pm;ay;yJ/ vGwfoGm;wJhodkif;orm;wkdif; udk,fhae&mudk,fjyefMuayawmh/ aerif;orD;awmf
uav;udk b,frSmzrf;xm;w,fqkdwm oD;jcm;pHkprf;Mu/ owif;&wJhtcgrS vljyefpkMur,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf wyfaygif;pkMuD;twGif; tzGJYcGJrsm;tvkduf jyefYoGm;awmh\/
]]usd[l ... usKyfwdkY wpfjyHKwpfrMuD; qif;vdkYrjzpfbl;/ wyfjzefYjyD;qif;rSjzpfr,f ... &JabmfwdkY .. usKyfwkdYtck
awmifajcudk xkd;azmufjyD;qif;Mur,f/ t&yf&SpfrsufESmvHk;uae jzefYqif;r,f/ tm;vHk; ppfaMumif; &SpfaMumif;
&Sdr,f/ cifAsm;wkdYwkduf&r,fhyHkpHudk enf;enf;ajymjyxm;r,f ... tck[mu olwkdYeJY tIH;tEdkif wkdufcdkufzdkY
r[kwfbl;/ ydwfrdcHae&wJh pnf;0kdif;xJuae vGwfoGm;zdkYyJ/ 'gaMumifh tcsdefrqGJygeJY/ wm;qD;aewJhwyfawG
aygufoGm;wmeJY tjyifa&mufatmif jrefjrefxGufMuyg}}
odkYjzifh ppfaMumif; &SpfaMumif;onf udk,fqif;&rnfh vrf;rsm;udk cGJwrf;cs Muawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]awmifzufppfaMumif;u t"duyJ/ 'DawmifzufrSm &efolYtiftm; tawmifhwif;qHk;yJ/ 'dawmh usLcsef;?
avmifxdk? usd[leJY usKyf ... av;a,mufu awmifzufppfaMumif;udk OD;pD;r,f/ &efolawGudk rQm;ac:r,f/
&efolawG usKyfwdkYzufrJvm&if usefwJhzufawGu xkd;azmuf&wm oufomoGm;rSmaygh/ usefwJh ppfaMumif;u
&JabmfawG vGwfatmifomxGufMuayawmh}}
a'0D*kdPf;csKyf vefzkef;zkef;u 0ifajymvdkufonf/
]]uRefruawmh tpfudkMuD; vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtzGJYeJYyJ vdkufr,f/ 'DppfaMumif;u tiftm;awmifhzYdk vdkw,f
r[kwfvm;/ 'gaMumifh uRefrvdkufr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rajymawmhyJ ol\"m;udkqGJxkwfum a&SUqHk;rS ajy;qif;oGm;av
awmhonf/ xdktcg usefvlrsm;uvnf; nmoHay; vdkufvmMuawmh\/ twefMum ajy;qif;rdaomtcg
a&SUzufrS AHkwD;oHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&jyD; awmtkyftwGif;rS jrm;wHrsm; tqufrjywf ajy;xGufvmawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} xJrS jrm;zsufuGufudk toHk;jyKvdu
k fonf/
t&Sdefjyif;pGmjzifh avxkudkxdk;cGJvmaom jrm;wHrsm;onf tHhMozG,f&maumif;vSpmG yif vifh[lcsKH;\
"m;odkif;puf0dkif;twGif;odkY vHk;0r0ifEkdifacs/ usKd;yJhonfhjrm;wHu usKd;yJhumvGifhpOfukefMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm rl
ajcvSrf;udk wHkYqdkif;jcif;tvsOf;r&SdyJ a&SUodkYomquf ajy;oGm;avawmh\/
odkYaomf olESifhxyfMuyfruGm ajy;vkdufvmaom vefzkef;zkef;xHrS atmfoHwpfcsufMum;vdkuf&\/
vifh[lcsKH;u a&SUqufrajy;EkdifawmhyJ uref;uwef; aemufodkY jyefvSnfhvdkuf&um olrudkayGUxlvdkufjyD; ...
]]nDrav; .. bmrS rpdk;&drfygeJY/ igumuG,fay;yghr,f}}
]]uRefrtwGuf rpdk;&drfygeJY/ 'gPf&mu ta&;rMuD;ygbl;/ olwkdYwyfawGudk azmufEkdifzkdY ta&;MuD;wm/
tpfudkMuD;zmom ajy;qif;yg}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
805
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
jrm;wHonf vefzkef;zkef;\aygifudk pdkuf0ifaerSef; vifh[lcsKH; awGUvdkuf&onf/ qufvufvnf; jrm;wHrsm;

tqufrjywfa&muf&Sdvmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tem;r&yJ ol\"m;jzifh umuG,fae&onf/ aemufqHk;wGif
vefzkef;zkef;udk b,fvufjzifhayGUum nmvufjzifh "m;udka0SU,rf;&if; awmifatmufodkY ajy;qif;&awmh\/
xkdpOf "m;wpfacsmif;u olYtm; ckwfcsvmonf/ wpfjydKifeufwnf; oHawmifa0S;ESpfacsmif;uvnf; b,fnm
nyf wkdufcdu
k fvmonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ol\"m;jzifh jyefvSefwkdufcdkufvu
dk f&m xkdvufeufoHk;rsKd;pvHk; vGifhxGufoGm; avawmhonf/
xdktcdkuf taemufzufrS atmfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ avmifxkd\atmfoHyifwnf;/ olonfvnf;
'gPf&m &oGm;[efwlay\/
aemufzufodkY vSnfhMunfhvkdufaomtcg usLcsef;ESifh usd[lwkdYESpfa,muf aemufaMumif;jyefajy;oGm; onfudk
awGUvkduf&onf/ avmifxkdudk oGm;u,fjcif;jzpf[efwlay\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; vufwpfzufu vefzkef;zkef;udkayGUxm;&ojzifh pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf r[kwfojzifh
aemufaMumif;vSnfhjyD; awmifay:jyefwuf&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/ xdkpOfrSmyif rdef;uav; atmfoHwpfoHudk
Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... &Sif[m MuD;avrdkufavqkdwJh vlpm;rsKd;ygvm;}}
xdktoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfwGif &ifxJ xdwfueJjzpfoGm;um vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf aemufjyefvSnfh
Munfhvkdufrdonf/ toH&SifrSmum; ol\*dkPf;wlnDrav; vdefvdefyifwnf;/ olr\ab;wGif vifrdefusuf
&yfaeonfudkawGU&\/
vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omtm;& atmfar;vdkufonf/
]]nDrav;ygvm;/ nDav; vifrdefusufvnf; aeaumif;oGm;jyDaemf/ igodyf0rf;omwmyJ}}
vdefvdefurl EIwfcrf;udk rJhvdkufum ...
]]b,folu &SifhnDrav;vJ/ pum;ajymwm Munfhajymyg/ uRefrwkdY&JU*kPfodumudk rxdcdkufygapeJY ...
tckawmh &Sifu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u vlqkd;awGudk acgif;aqmifvmjyD; a&Smifvif*dkPf;udk vmaESmifh,Suf
&JwJhtxd rdkufv;Hk MuD;aejyDaygh/ &Sif[m vlr[kwfawmhbl; ...}}
vdefvdef\ pum;rsm;onf vifh[lcsKH;\&ifywfudk oHwlMuD;jzifh xkESufvkdufouJhodkYyifjzpfawmh\/ odkYaomf
pGJcsufrsm;udk rnfuJhodkY jyefvnfjiif;y,f&rnfudkvnf; vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf rodygacs/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\
tjrifwGif olonf trSefwu,f vlqdk;MuD;jzpfaeavjyD/ vdefvdeu
f qufatmfvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... 'DuaeYawmh &Sifhtoufudk zufeJYxkyfxm;ayawmh/ txufvrf;*dkPf;awGtm;vHk;u
a&Smifvif*P
dk f;udk ulnDaejyD/ raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk;udk uRefrwdkY 0dkif;xm;jyD;jyD/ vGwfzdkY rarQmf
vifheJYawmh}}
wyfaygif;pkokdif;orm;rsm;udk vSnfhtuJcwfvkduf&m 0g;tpnf;ajyovkd zdkz&Jajy;vTm;aeonfudk
vifh[lcsKH; awGUvkduf&\/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;zufurl pnf;pepfusepGm vIyf&Sm;aeonf/ xkdtcsufudk Munfhvdkuf
onfESifh rdrdwdYk tIH;MuD;IH;aejyDjzpfaMumif; odvdkuf&onf/
]]a&Smifvif*dkPf;u wu,fhudk jyifqifxm;wmudk;/ olwkdYu txufvrf;*dkPf;awGtm;vHk; aygif;jyD;
axmifacsmufqifrSmudk igwkdYu bmrSBudKrawG;cJhbl;/ igwkdYnHhvdkY cHvdkuf&wmyJ/ azmufrxGufEkdifr,fh twlwl
'DuaeY 'Dae&mrSm tm;vHk;twlwl aoMuwmaygh}}
odkYaomf tawG;wpfcku vifh[lcsKH;\acgif;xJ0ifvmjyef\/
]]igaowm bmta&;vJ/ vif;vif;udku,fzdkYu ta&;MuD;wm/ b,fenf;eJYjzpfjzpf vif;vif;udk u,f&r,f/
igaovdkY rjzpfao;bl;}}
xkdYaemuf tHudkwif;wif;Mudwfum vif[
h lcsKH;u atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]vdefvdef ... rif;wdkYu ydwfqdkYxm;&if igwkdYuvnf; rjzpfjzpfatmif xkd;azmufxGuf&rSmyJ}}
vdefvdefuvnf; a'gojzifh ...
]]&Sifu uRefrwkdYudk wkdufckdufrvdkYayghav ... [kwfvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
806
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktcdkufwGif vdefvdefYaemufzufrS vlwpfa,mufxGufay:vm\/ xkdvlu cufxefrmausmpGmjzifh...

]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;vufxJu"m;udk ckxdrcsao;bl;vm;}}
xkdvlonfum; 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf opm&Sif"m;orm; &ufykcRefyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYq&mudkawGYonfESifh pum;wpfcGef;rSrajymawmhyJ vefzkef;zkef;udkayGUvdkufjyD; csmueJ
vSnhfum awmifay:odkYajy;wufoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\aemufausmudk &ufykcRefu "m;jzifhxkd;pdkufvkduf
aomfjim; vifh[lcsKH;\twGif;tm;rSm vGefpGmjynfh0aeojzifh &ufykcRef\"m;onf avxkudkom xdk;cGJoGm;av
awmh\/
vefzke;f zkef;udk ayGUcsDxm;&aomfjim;vnf; vifh[lcsKH;rSm t&SdefaES;roGm;yJ awmifay:odkY qufwkduf ajy;wuf
oGm;Ekdifay\/ &ufykcRefrSm rrDav? a'goxGufavjzpfum taemufrS twif;vkdufavawmh\/
xdkpOf &ufykcRef\ taemufzufrS at;pufrmausmaom avoHwpfckxGufvm\/
]]"m;udk vTwfcsvkdufyg}}
wpfqufwnf;yif olYaemufausmodkY cRefjraomt&mwpfck vmaxmufaeaMumif; &ufykcRef odvdkufrdonf/
"m;wpfacsmif;yif jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ &ufykcRefonf tMuD;tus,f aemifw&vdkufrdawmh\/
trSefpifppf &ufykcRefqkdonfrSm tvkyfwpfckudk aphpyfaocsmpGm vkyfaqmifwwfoljzpf\/ tvGef
owd0D&d,&Sdojzifh olwpfyg;\axmifacsmufrsm;? acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfMuHrIrsm;udk wpfcgrQrcH&bl;acs/ odkYaomf
,ckum; tajctae wpfrsKd;ajymif;cJhacsjyD/
oludk,fwkdif vufoyfarG;xm;aomwynfhu &efolvlqdk;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aeojzifh aemufrSvdkufrd onf/
rrDav? a'goxGufavjzifh &efolYe,fxJ uRH0ifvmrdonfwGif vl&Spfa,mufu vufeufudk,fpDjzifh &ufykcReftm;
csdef&G,fxm;Muonf/
wGif tm;rwef rmefavQmhum &ufykcRefonf vufxJrS"m;udk vTwfcsvkduf&awmh\/ olYudk csdefxm;olrSm
usd[ljzpfonf/ usd[lu atmf[pf tpD&ifcHvkdufonf/
]]acgif;aqmifMuD; .. usKyfwkdY&JabmfawGtm;vHk; awmifajcudk rqif;EdkifyJjzpfaeygw,f/ txdtcdkuf
tustqHk;vnf; tawmfrsm;aeygw,f/ olwkdYtm;vHk;ukd awmifay:jyefqkwzf dkY trdefYay;vdkuf&if oifhawmf
r,fxifygw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u oabmwlum tm;vHk;udk a&Smifvifausmif;0if;xJjyef0if&ef trdefYxkwfvdkufawmh\/ wGif
ppfaMumif;toD;oD; taemufodkYjyefqkwfawmhonf/ &ufykcRefzufvSnfhjyD; vifh[lcsKH;uajymvdkuf\/
]]q&m ... tckvjkd zpf&wmudk pdwfr&SdygeJY/ q&mjyefoGm;ygawmh...}}
usd[lu avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh ...
]]acgif;aqmifMuD; ... usKyfwkdY tajctaeu odyfraumif;bl;/ tck usKyfwkdY&xm;wJh oHkYyef;u enf;enf;
aemaem r[kwfbl;/ 0gqef;*kdPf;&JU *kdPf;csKyf/ usKyfwdkYtwGuf trsm;MuD;omw,f ... trsm;MuD; tvJtvS,f
vkyfvkdY&w,f...}}
usd[ltm; vif[
h lcsKH;u jyefajymvkdufonf/
]]aemifMuD; usd[l ... *kdPf;csKyfMuD; &ufykcRefqdkwm usKyf&JUq&myg/ usKyfrsufESmudk axmufxm;jyD;
'Dwpfacgufawmh jyefvTwfay;ygvdkY awmif;yefygw,f}}
&ufykcRefu rsufESmudk rJh cg;oD;pGm ajymvdkuf\/
]]q&m ... [kwfvm;/ b,folu rif;&JUq&mvJ/ rif;vdk vlqdk;olcdk;&JUq&mjzpf&wmxuf towfcH&wmu
ydkaumif;ao;w,f/ q&mac:r,fhtpm; owfomowfvkdufprf;yg}}
usd[lu wefzdk;MuD;aom oHkYyef;udk vufrvTwfvdkojzifh ...
]]acgif;aqmifMuD; ... oluawmh acgif;aqmifMuD;udk wynfhtjzpf todtrSwfrjyKbl;wJh/ acgif;aqmifMuD;
pOf;pm;ygOD;}}
acgif;udk wGifwGifcg,rf;jyvdkufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;u ajray:usaeonfh &ufykcRef\"m;udk aumuf,lum
"m;tdrftwGif;odkY jyefxnfhay;vdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
807
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRef\ rsufvHk;rsm;wGifum; a'gorD;vQHrsm;u [kef;[kef;xaeawmh\/ olYyHkpHrSm vifh[lcsKH;udk

ydk;ykGufi,fwpfaumifvdk Mudwfacsypfcsifaeonfh toGifyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;udk olYtaejzifh rowfEkdif
aMumif;udkvnf; aumif;aumif;odaejyef\/
olYq&mudk MunfhvdkufrdonfwGif vifh[lcsKH; vGefpGmxdwfvefYoGm;onf/
]]aMomf .. q&m&,f/ wynfhudk bmjzpfvkdY 'Davmufawmif rkef;wD;ae&wmvJ}}
pdwfxJrS ar;vdkufrdaomfjim; vifh[lcsKH;\EIwfrSrl pum;wpfcGef;rQ rxGuf&Jacs/ &ufykcRefu rsufESmudk
wpfcsufrJhum vSnfhxGufoGm;avawmh\/
usLcsef;u acgif;wcgcg vnfwcgcgjzifh ...
]]acgif;aqmifMuD;u olYtay: oHa,mZOf&Sdayr,fh oluawmh bmoHa,mZOfrSr&Sdawmhbl;/ 'gudk
acgif;aqmifMuD; rodbl;vm;/ usKyfwkdY ab;vlawGawmif odaewmyJ/ 'Dvl[m ]vlcsKd pdwfaumuf} qdkwJh vlrsKd;yJ/
usKyfMunfh&oavmufawmh 'Dvl[m wpfcsdefcsdefrSm acgif;aqmifMuD;udk aumif;aumif;MuD; 'kuay; rSmyJ/
aemifjyefawGUMu&if acgif;aqmifMuD;taeeJY owd0D&d,xm;ygvdkYyJ usKyfrSmyg&ap}}
usLcsef;u pdwf&if;apwemjzifh ajymaMumif;odvdkuf&onft
h wGuf vifh[lcsKH;u rnfodkYrQ rwkefYjyef awmhyJ
awmifxdyfodkY wdwfqdwfpGmwufvmcJhawmhonf/
awmifxdyfwGif 'Pf&m&olrsm;udk aq;xnfh? ywfwD;pnf;ay;jyD; tem;,laponf/ nzufodkY a&muf
vmaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u vloHk;&mudk xyfrHaG;cs,fjyD; wdwfwqdwf xkd;azmufxGuf&ef MuHpnfjyef\/
tumvntcgwGif &efolrsm;\ tvpftidkufzrf;um pDpOf&jcif;jzpfawmh\/
odkYaomf awmifay:rS tawmftwefqif;rdaomtcg olYajczsm;wGif pl;ueJjzpfoGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u teD;&Sd
opfyifwpfyifay:odkY ckefwufvkdufonf/ olYaemufrS vdkufvmoltcsKdU\ atmf[pfnnf;nLoHrsm;udk
Mum;vdkuf&\/ wdwfqdwfaom ntcsdefwGif ydkus,favmifoa,mif xifrSwf&\/
]]tm; .. atmifr,fav;}}
]]tm;vHk;yJ owdxm;a[h... ajrMuD;ay:rSm oHcRefawGeJY ql;ajimifhawG wyfxm;w,f ...}}
odkYjzifh ... aemufrS vkdufvmolrsm;vnf; qufrqif;&JawmhyJ aemufaMumif; jyefajy;&awmhonf/ odkYaomf
nMuD;rif;MuD;wGif ql;ajimifhrsm;udk rnfolonf vHk;0vGwfatmif a&SmifuGif;Edkifygrnfenf;/ tm;vHk;
awmifxdyfjyefa&muf ppfaq;Munfhaomtcg vloHk;&mteuf wpf0ufausmfrSm 'gPf&mMuD;pGm&aeawmh\/
&efolwkdY\ tuGufaphaph MudKwifjyifqifxm;yHkudk awGUvdkuf&aom wyfaygif;pk odkif;orm;rsm; tm;vHk;
ausmdk;xJtxd pdrfhoGm;Muavawmhonf/ &efolrsm;udk vG,fvG,fESifhxdk;azmuf r&EdkifonfrSm aocsmaeavjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olYudk,folom rausreyfjzpfrdaeawmh\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf nzufvQyfwjyuf
xdk;azmufa&;tpDtpOfudk a&;qGJolrSm oljzpfaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ &efol\axmufacsmufudk rpOf;rpm;?
raxmufvSrf;yJ qif;oufrdaomaMumifhvnf; rQ 'Pf&mtemw& &Mujcif;jzpf\/
'Pf&m&olrsm;twGuf rsm;pGmpdwfxdcdkufonfhenf;wl olYudk,folvnf; cGifhrvTwfEkdifatmif jzpf& onf/
,ckawmh awmifay:&Sd odkif;orm;wkdif; pdwfysuftm;avsmhaerdMuawmh\/
,aeYtwGuf pm;a&&dum vHk;0r&&Sdojzifh tm;enf;csnfheJYae&m reufjzefqkdvQif tb,fqkdzG,f&m
&SdygawmhtHhenf;/ onfudk tcGifhaumif;,ljyD; awmifajcrS&efolrsm;u tvHk;t&if;ESifh wkdufppfqifvmygu
awmifay:rS tm;enf;csnfheJYaeolrsm;rSm rnfodkYrQ ckcHEdkifMurnfr[kwfacs/ olwkdYtm;vHk; rkcsaoqHk; Muayawmh
rnf/
xdkYaMumifh tm;vHk;vdkvdk pdwfysufvufysufESifhxkdifum rIdifaerdMuawmh\/ xdkpOfrSmyif vltcsKdU\
xdwfvefYpzG,faumif;avmufaom w[D;[D; w[m;[m; &,farmoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkufMu&awmhonf/

jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
808
pmpOf (11)
pmpOf(11)
rmwdum
tceff;(68)
tcef;(69)
tcef;(70)
tcef;(71)
tcef;(72)
tcef;(73)
tcef;(74)
vrf;qHk;GmawGU
taumufBuHtEdkif,ljcif;
oHk;yGJ,SOfNydKifjcif;
ESif;awm
twdwfZwfaMumif;
[ef;qef;*dP
k f;csKyfBuD;
vdIU0Sufwdkifyifjcif;
scanned by NEO@mmcp

hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod & heinnlinn
heinnlinn
811
820
828
836
845
853
869
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vrf;qHk; GmawGU
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&,farmaeMuonf/
tm;&yg;& &,farmaeMuonf/
rQ pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf &,farmaeMuolrsm;rSm rnfolrsm;aywnf;/
vltm;vHk; tvefYwMum; MunfhrdvkdufMuonf/
tHhzG,f vlxl;vlqef; ajcmufa,mufwdkYaywnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh usdvifxefwdkY\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]tif; ... 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm aocgeD;usrS [uf[ufyufyuf &,fwJhvlawGqdkvdkY 'DnDtpfudk
ajcmufa,mufyJ &Sdvdrhfr,fxifw,f}}
[kawG;vdkurf dMuonf/
xkdpOf ...
axmifusufu ...
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oHcRefpl;wJht&om odoGm;jyDaygh ... [m;[m;[m;}}
axmif0g;u xyf ... ]]rif;wkdYuvJuGm prf;csif&if onfhjyifenf;awG trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ oHcRef
pl;wJht&omodzkdY awmifatmufqif;ajy;zdkY rvdkygbl;/ oHwlBuD;wpfvufavmuf,lNyD; udk,fhajczrdk;ay: dkufcs
vkdufvJ twlwlygyJ/ [m;[m;[m;}}
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&,fjrJ&,faeMuawmhonf/
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BuD;vmygu ydkqdk;ayawmhrnf/ ,if;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&ufatmfvkdufonf/
]][m ... xl;qef;vdkufwm}}
ol\toHrSm twefyif us,favmifojzifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYu olYab;em;odkY tajy;tvTm;
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vifh[lcsKH;u rSifaoaojzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
811
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]apmapmu usKyfawGUvkdufwJhtjzpftysuf[m odyfxl;qef;wmyJ/ <uufpkwfajcmufaumifu aMumif

wpfaumifudkufcsDjyD; [dkzufudk qGJoGm;Muw,f/}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYu tHhMo0rf;ompGmjzihf ...
]]bm .. MuGufu aMumifudkcsDw,f .. [kwfvm;/ igwkdYwpfcgrS rawGUzl;bl;/ b,fbufudk csDoGm; ovJ/
vdkufMunfh&atmif ... 'grsKd;u jrif&cJw,f}}
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aqmifwpfckudk vufId;xkd;jy&if; vif[
h lcsKH;u ...
]][dkzufudk oGm;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ vufarmif;udk qGJxlum axmifuef;u ajymvkduo
f nf/
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Munfhaeaom odkif;orm;rsm;u vifh[lcsKH;\y&d,m,fudk aumif;pGmoabmaygufMuonf/ xdkYtjyif
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYudk oG,f0dkufNyD; <uufpkwfajcmufaumif[k ajymvkdufrSef;vnf;odonf/ odkYwdkifatmif
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYu oabmraygufao;yJ t[kwfrSwfaeMuonfudk awGUaomtcg tm;vHk;yif [m;wkduf
&,farm rdMuawmh\/
xdkpOf vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ qGJac:&modkY vdkufygoGm;&awmh\/ odkYjzifh olwkdY
ckESpfa,mufonf taemufzuftaqmifodkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk odkif;orm;rsm;ESifh a0;&modkY Oyg,fwHrsOfjzifh ac:aqmifonfhtBuH atmifjrif
oGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS Budwf&,f&if; ...
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ae&m wpfae&modkY vufId; Tefjyvdkufonf/ olTefjy&mrSm ydwfxm;aom tcef;wpfck jzpfaeawmh\/
axmifqufu ... ]]igwkdYusawmh bmjzpfvdkY rjrif&wmvJ}}
tcef;wHcg;udk axmifqufu ]jAef;} ueJ dkufzGifhvkduf\/ tcef;wGif;wGif arSmifrnf;ae\/ vifh[lcsKH;u
&,f&if; ....
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axmifqufu ajy;oGm;um rD;wkwfwpfacsmif; ,lvmvdkufojzifh tcef;xJwGif vif;oGm;awmh\/
olwkdYtm;vHk; aocsmpGm Munfhvkdufonf/ tcef;xJwGif bk&m;qif;wkawmf wpfqlrSwpfyg; tjcm;rnfonfh
t&mrQr&Sdacs/ xdkqif;wkawmfrSmvnf; tHhMopzG,f eH&HzufodkY rsufESmrlxm;aMumif;awGU&\/ odkYjzifh qif;wk
awmfBuD;udk olwdkYu qGJvSnfhvkdufMuonf/
qif;wkawmfMuD; vnfvmonfESifhtwl eH&HrS oHjym;BuD;wpfcsyfu tay:wufoGm;ojzifh us,f0ef; aom
taygufBuD;wpfckudk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
axmifusufu atmfvdkufonf/
]]a[; .. wu,fyJ .. 'DtxJrSm wGif;BuD;wpfwGif; &Sdaewmudk;}}
axmifuef;u ... ]]igwkdYtm;vHk; 'DwGif;xJ0ifr,f/ jyD;&if wGif;xJu <uufawGudk qGJxkwfMur,f/}}
ajymajymqkdqkdjzihf axmifuef;u a&S;OD;pGm 0ifoGm;onfwGif usefaomig;a,mufrSm olYxufig tvk
t,uf vdkuf0ifMuavawmh\/ rD;wkwfudkyg wpfygwnf; ,loGm;ojzifh xkdwGif;aygufBuD;onf us,f0ef;
&Snfvsm;vSonfudk awGU&\/ tqHk;udkyif rawGU&acs/
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ aemufrSvku
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... [kwfjyD/ ESif;qDa*[m/ ESif;qDa*[mxJrSm avQmufwkef;u 'Dvdk vdkPfacgif;rsKd;yJ/ ... tif; ... vif;vif;udk
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
812
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tm;udkxkwfum tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ ta&SUokdYa&mufatmif ajy;oGm;onf/ vdkPfacgif;BuD;rSm &Snfvsm;vS

ojzifh tqHk;odkY ra&mufEkdifacs/ wGif vifh[lcsKH;u aemufaMumif; jyefvSnfhoGm;jyefonf/
rsm;rMumrDyif avmifxdk? usLcsef;ESifh usd[lwkdYudk ac:aqmifum wpfpkwpfa0;wnf; csDwufMujyefonf/
tawmfuav; oGm;NyD;onfhaemuf olwkdYodvdkuf&onfrSm vdkPfacgif;BuD;onf atmufzufodkYedrfhqif; vmonfh
tcsufyifwnf;/
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acgif;BuD;\ tqHk;onfum; jyifyavmu jzpfaeavownf;/
vdkPf*l0rS xGufvdkufaomtcg awmtkyfwpfck jzpfaeaMumif;awGU&\/ ESif;rsm; wzGJzGJ usaeay onf/
ywf0ef;usifudk vSnfhywfMunfhvkdufjyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfysufvufysuf jzpfoGm;rd\/ olYpdwfxJrS
vdkPfacgif;tqHk;wGif vif;vif;tm; csKyfxm;rnf[k arQmfvifhxm;cJh&m ,ckawmh txifESifhtjrif vGJaeayNyD/
odkYaomf usd[lu 0rf;omaom avoHjzifh ...
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xm;Muyg}}
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]]usd[lajymovkd wu,fvGwfajrmufvmjyDvm; rodbl;}}
usd[lu avoHjzifh ... ]]acgif;aqmifBuD; ... usKyfwkdYawmh [efusNyD/ rarQmfvifhyJeJY a&Smifvif*kdPf;&JU vQKdU0Suf
xGufaygufukd awGUvdkuf&wmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]uJ .. 'Dvdkqkd&if odyftcsdefr&Sdbl;/ usKyfwkdY&JabmfawGukd jyefac:&OD;r,f/ 'Dywf0ef;usifudk
jrefjrefpHkprf;rSyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;twkdif; pHkprf;&ef usLcsef;xGufcGmoGm;\/ usefvlrsm;url *l0teD;0yfum ykef;aeMu
onf/ e,fajrtajctae rodao;yJ vIyf&Sm;vdkufygu vlaxmifaygif;rsm;pGmwkdY\ vGwfajrmufa&; vrf;pBuD;
ydwfoGm;rnf r[kwfygvm;/
usLcsef;jyefa&mufvmonfhtcg tajctaersm;udk odvkduf&awmhonf/ olwkdYa&mufaeonfh ae&mrSm
a&Smifqufawmifwef;\ taemufzuf awmifajcjzpfonf/ ta&SUzufodkY armhMunfhygu a&Smifvifbk&m;
ausmif;udk awGUMu&ayvdrhfrnf/
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odkif;orm;rsm;udk toHrxGufyJ pepfwus ac:xkwfvmaponf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufurl
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rsm;rMumrDyif olwdkY\ &Jabmfrsm; tokwfvkduf tokwfvkduf a&mufvmawmh\/ vGwfajrmufvm jcif;udk
vltm;vHk;yif twkdif;rod 0rf;omaeMuonf/
0uf0HnDaemifu ... ]]acgif;aqmifMuD; ... tcktcsdefrSm usKyfwkdYwawG[m bk&m;ausmif;xJrSm ydwfrd
aewkef;vkdY &efolawG xifaeOD;rSmyJ/ olwkdY&JUaemufydkif;udk usKyfwkdUu tvpf0kdif;jyD; wkdufvkdY&aejyDAs/ oGm;
wkdufvdkuf&atmif}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cg,rf;vkduf&if; ... ]]usKyfwkdY&JU &nfG,fcsufu aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk u,fzkdY/
&efjzpfzkdY r[kwfbl;/ 'Dwpfcg usKyf tpDtpOf rvkyfcJhvdkY/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk ru,fEkdif cJhbl;/
aemufwpfcgawmh 'Dvdktjzpfqkd;rsKd; xyfrMuHK&atmif aoaocsmcsm tpDtpOfqGJ&r,f/ tckawmh tm;vHk;
vlpkcGJMur,f/ tpDtpOf qGJjyD;rS &JabmfawGudk xyftaMumif;Mum;r,f/ tJ'Dtcgawmh atmifudk atmif&r,f}}
avmifxw
kd kdY zufodkY vSnfh vifh[lcsKH;u xyfajymvkdufonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYvJ vlpkcGJMuayawmh/ aemufrS jyefqufoG,fr,f/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;&JU owif;udk
cifAsm;wdkY t&if&&if usKyfudk qufoG,fyg/ usKyfu owif;OD;&&ifvJ cifAsm;wkdYudk qufoG,fyghr,f}}
odkYjzifh vltm;vHk; udk,fht&yfodkY jyefMu&ef jyifqifawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm olY&Jabmfrsm;
vGwfajrmufvmonfudk Munfh&if; tvGefyif pdwfcsrf;ajrUaeawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif pdwful;wpfck ay:vm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
813
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
jyef\/
]]uJAsm/ rjyefcif pum;oHk;cGef; jydKifwlatmfMu&atmif/ usKyf a&SUu wkdifay;r,f/ cifAsm;wkdY
aemufuvkduq
f dkMu}}
tm;vHk;u &,farm&if; oabmwlvdkufonf/ tljrL;aeoltm;vHk;twGuf vifh[lcsKH;\ tBuHtpnf onf
a&iwfwkef; a&wGif;xJus qdkouJhodkY jzpfoGm;avonf/
avmifxdkESifh usLcsef;wkdYu ... ]]odyfaumif;w,f/ acgif;aqmifMuD;&JUtMuH odyfaumif;w,f/ uJ uJ ..
tm;vHk;yJ vdkufatmfMur,f}}
twGif;tm;udk tjynfhxkwfum vifh[lcsKH;u wkdifay;vkduf\/
]]a[; ... igwkdYtm;vHk; awmifay:u qif;oGm;jyD ...}}
usefvlrsm;uvnf; oHjydKifatmfvkduo
f nf/
]]a[; ... igwkdYtm;vHk; awmifay:u qif;oGm;jyD ...}}
]]... rif;wkYt
d m;vHk; awmifxdyfrSm rD;vIHae&pfawmh ...}}
]]... rif;wkYt
d m;vHk; awmifxdyfrSm rD;vIHae&pfawmh ...}}
]]... aemufwpfcg jyefqHkMuOD;r,f}}
]]... aemufwpfcg jyefqHkMuOD;r,f}}
axmifcsDaom vltkyfMuD;\ atmfoHrsm;onf awmifMuD;wpfckvHk; jydKusrwwf wkef[nf;oGm;awmh onf/
xdkYaemuf vltm;vHk;yif awmifajcrS vrf;cGJvdkufMuawmh\/ olwkdYtm;vHk; xGufcGmoGm;Muonfudk
vifh[lcsKH;u apmifhMuyfay;ae&if;rS olYpdwfxw
J Gif awG;rdvmonf/
]]tckqkd&if atmfvkdufwJhtwGuf igwkdY vGwfajrmufoGm;jyDqkdwmudk a&Smifvif*kdPf;u odoGm;avmuf jyD/
'Dawmh olwdkY bmvkyfrvJ/ awmifay: jyefwufrSmaygh/ ... aemufjyD;awmh olwkdYeJYtwlwl vif;vif;vJ ygvmrSmyJ/
'Dawmh igbmvkyf&rvJ/ a&Smifvifausmif;xJ jyef0ifjyD; pHkprf;&rSmaygh}}
xkdpdwful; &vkdufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u *layguf0odkY jyefavQmufoGm;\/ txJ0ifvkdufjyD;aemuf
ausmufwHk;MuD;rsm;jzifh *layguf0udk uG,fvdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf at;aq;pGmyif vdkPfacgif;wpfavQmuf
jyef0ifvmawmhonf/ vdkPfacgif;tqHk;em;odYk a&mufaomtcg vloHoJhoJh Mum;vdkuf&\/
vltenf;i,f\ toHomjzpfav&m txufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm; tukefvHk; 0ifrvmao;onfrSm
xif&Sm;ayonf/ atmufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ axmifacsmufqifcH&rnfukd olwkdYu aMumufGHUMuojzifh tm;vHk;
ausmif;0if;twGif;odkY 0ifrvm&JyJ a&SUajy;wyfzGJYudk vTwf ppfaq;apjcif; jzpfayvdrhfrnf/
vdkPfacgif;ayguf0rS xGufjyD;onfESifh qif;wkawmfMuD;udk vSnhfvkduf&m tayguf0udk jyefydwfvdkuf jyD;
jzpfoGm;onf/ jyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;u pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
]]tenf;qHk;awmh a&SmifvifeJY txufvrf;*dkPf;u vlMuD;awG pkjyD; aqG;aEG;wmwdkY tpnf;ta0;wdkY
vkyfrSmaocsmw,f/ igb,fae&muae acsmif;em;axmif&if aumif;rvJ}}
xdkpOf olYacgif;xJ owd&vdkufonf/ wpfcsdefwkef;u q&mawmfMuD;zef;wif;u olYtm; a&Smifvif
ausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD;\ tcef;xJ ac:zl;onfudk owd&vdkufrdojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u xdktcef;udk vdkuf
&Smawmh\/ odkYaomf a&Smifvifausmif;awmf\ taqmifrsm;rSm tvGefw&m rsm;jym;vS jyef&Sm&ef rvG,ful
vSacs/
xdktcdkuf ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&\/ vlq,fa,mufcefYonf ol&Sdaeonfhtcef;odkY OD;wnf
avQmufvmaeaMumif; odvdkuf&\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm MuH&r& jzpfoGm;onfhtqHk;wGif tcef;rsufESmMuufwGif
csdwfqGJxm;aom opfom;jym;MuD;taemufzufodkY ckefwufum yke;f aevdkuf&awmh\/
ajcoHrsm;um; ydk eD;uyfvmavjyD/ vlwpfa,muf\ pum;oHudk pwifMum;vdkuf&onf/
]]raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;om;awGu odyfrqdk;ygbl;/ usKyfwkdY onfavmufawmif awmifcg;yef;udk
aoaocsmcsm ydwfqdkYxm;wmawmif awmifatmufudk vGwfatmif qif;oGm;Ekdifao;w,f/ tHha&m ... thHa&m/}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufu ...
]]tck olwkdY vGwfoGm;wJhyHk Munfh&wmawmh 'Da&Smifvifausmif;rSm vQKdU
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
814
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0SufvdkPfacgif;wkdY bmwdkY &SdaeyHk&w,f/ r[kwf&if 'DvlawG b,fES,fh xGufajy;EdkifrSmvJ}}

]]vQKdU0SufvdkPfacgif;uawmh r&SdEdkifbl;/ OD;Zif;u 'Dausmif;rSm aevmwm tESpf ESpfq,fausmfygjyD/ wpfcgrS
vQKdU0SufvP
dk facgif;taMumif; rMum;cJhzl;ygbl;}}
,cka&mufvmonfh vlpkudk vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh cefYrSef;rdavjyD/ a&Smifvifausmif;rS bkef;MuD;wpfyg; u
txufvrf;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk OD;aqmifvmjcif; jzpfayvdrhfrnf/
xkdpOfrSmyif olykef;aeonfhae&mESifh rsufESmcsif;qkdifae&m&Sd rsufESmMuufrS vloHk;a,muf ckefqif; vm\/
xdkvloHk;a,mufonf q,fa,mufcefYaomvlrsm;udk wdkawmif;vSaom tcsdeftwGif; tvJwkdufcdkuf
vdkufavawmh\/ raeEkdifawmhojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;jyL Munfhvdkufrdonf/
olYrsufESmrSm csufcsif;yif Tifvef;oGm;rdawmh\/ jrifawGUvdkuf&olrsm;rSm aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
vif;&Sif? vif;vif;ESifh &SefY0efYxif;wdkY jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/ apmapmydkif;u vlq,fa,mufrSm wkH;vHk;
yufvuf jzpfaeMuayjyD/ vif;vif;udk aocsmpGm Munfhvkdufaomtcg olronf ydwfMurf;tuFsDudk 0wfqif
xm;jyD; rsufESmav;rSm nId;a&mfaeonfudk owdxm;vdkufrdonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ oem;*kPmpdwfrsm; zdwfvQH
usvmjyD; rsufESmMuufay:rS atmufodkY ckefcs&ef [efjyifvkduf\/
xdktcsdefwGifyif vif;&Sifu vifh[lcsKH;ukd armhMunfhvdkufjyD; ckefrqif;vm&ef vufjzifh tcsufjyvkduf \/
vifh[lcsKH;u tHhtm;oifhoGm;jyD; ckefrqif;jzpfawmhacs/
]]olwkdYu ighxufapmjyD; 'Dtcef;xJ a&mufaeMuwmqdkawmh igwufykef;aewm jrifMurSmayghav/
awGUwmuawmh xm;ygawmh/ rxGufeJYvdkY tcsufjywmu bmoabmvJ rodbl;}}
odyfrMumygacs/ vif;&Sif\oabmudk em;vnfvkduf&awmh\/ tcef;xJodkY vlwpfpk a&muf&Sdvm
aomaMumifhyifwnf;/ xdkolrsm;um; vifh[lcsKH;\q&m &ufykcRef? q&mr zl;vif? q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif; ESifh
tjcm;vlrsm;yifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm rMunfh&JawmhyJ acgif;jyefiHkYvkduf&\/ olYtonf;ESvHk;rsm; ,rf;cg aeayjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS ydkifEdkifpGm qH;k jzwfxm;vdkufonf/
]]tckqkd&if vif;vif;wdkY t0dkif;cHae&jyD/ igawmh 'Dtwkdif; raeEdkifbl;/ b,fenf;eJYrqdk vif;vif; udk
u,fxkwf&rSmyJ/ vif;vif; jyefrdoGm;rSm rcHEdkifbl;}}
a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ...
]]cifAsm;wkdY&JU vuf0g;apmif;tm;u w,fjyD; aMumufp&maumif;vSyguvm;/ 'Du rdef;uav;ua&m
xGufoGm;jyDrS bmjzpfvdkY jyefa&mufvm&wmvJ ... cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,mufudk Munfh&wm r[l&mawmifuek f;u
xdyfoD; odki;f q&mMuD;awGeJYwlw,f ... xkdifMuygOD; ...}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;udk Munfh&if; vifh[lcsKH;u awG;vdkufrdonfrSm ...
]]q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;qkdwm wu,fhudk odumMuD;? 0gMuD;wJhtjyif orm"dtm;vnf; w,f
aumif;yguvm;/ olYtcef;xJrSm aoaewJhvlawG renf;ygbl;/ 'gawmif [efrysufyJ {nfh0wfausatmif
pum;ajymEdkifao;w,f/ MunfndKp&m aumif;vSygvm;}}
&SefY0efYxif;u ...
]]q&mawmfMuD; ... a[monfvluawmh aerif;ocif*dkPf;MuD;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&Sifyg/ usKyfu awmh
&SefY0efYxif;yg}}
onftrnfESpfckrSm wpfcsdefu odkif;avmuwGif xif&Sm;ausmfMum;cJhzl;onf/ ,ckuJhodkY jyefvnf
ay:aygufvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg vltrsm;yif [mueJ? [ifueJ jzpfukefMuawmh\/ vlwkdif;yif pdwfxJ
wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;aomfvnf; tawGUtBuHK &ifholrsm;yDyD rsufESmwGif ray:&avatmif [efrysufyJ
aumif;pGm xdef;csKyfxm;EdkifMuonf/
vif;&Siu
f ... ]]usKyfuawmh odkif;avmuxJu aysmufuG,faewm Mumawmh aemufwufuav;awG &JU
emrnfudk rodawmhbl;/ 'DurdwfaqGrsm;udkvJ rodbl;As/ b,folawGrsm;ygvdrhf}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;onf txufpD;rSajymvkdufaom pum;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif; url
wnfMunfpGmjzifh wkefYjyefvkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
815
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Dvkdqkd&if bkef;MuD;uyJ rdwfqufay;&awmhwmaygh/ a[monfvluawmh [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; &aohMuD;

csKH;Id;ygwJh}}
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]]q&mMuD; vif;&Sifxuf usKyfu touf 3-4 ESpf ydkMuD;r,f xifygw,f/ usKyf*dkPf;csKyf&mxl;
qufcHcsdefrSm q&mBuD;u odkif;avmuu xGufcGmoGm;wJhtcsdefeJY wkdufqdkifaew,fqkdawmh q&mBuD; usKyfudk
rodbl;qkdwm vufcHygw,f}}
ykef;uG,fae&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm pum;ajymolrsm;udk acgif;axmif rMunfh&Jay/ odkYaomfvnf; xdk
[lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; qdkonfh vlMuD;\ pum;ajymoHudk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg olYpdwfxJrS ...
]]'DvlMuD;&JU toHudk igMum;zl;aeygw,f/ aoaocsmcsm Mum;zl;w,f/ b,frSmygvdrhf ...}}
twefMumpOf;pm;vkdufjyD;aemuf owd&oGm;awmh\/
]][kwfjyD .. [lwef;awmifajcrSm awGUcJhwJh vloHk;a,muf/ wpfa,mufu [if; Gufpnf;xrf;? wpfa,mufu
xif;pnf;xrf;w,f/ aemufqHk;wpfa,mufuawmh tzkd;MuD; ... 'gu tJ'Dtzdk;MuD;&JU toHyJ/ ... 'gaMumifh
olY"m;odkif;u aumif;aewmudk;/ vufpowfawmh ... olu [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfae wmudk;/ tif; ...
vufkH;&nfa&m? ESvHk;&nfyg jynfh0wJh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;ygyJ}}
xdkcPrSmyif vifh[lcsKH;\ wpfudk,fvHk;rSm aoG;rsm;qla0um auseyftm;&aom cHpm;csufudk &vkduf \/
a&SmifvifESifh [lwef;qkdonfrSm odkif;avmuwGif xdyfwef;u emrnfMuD;vSaom *dkPf;MuD;rsm;yifwnf;/
orkdif;pOfuvnf; &Snfvsm;vS\/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;rSm txkduftavsmuf emrnfMuD;aomfjim;vnf; a&Smif vif?
[lwef;ESifhawmh r,SOfomay/
tawmfyif edrfhusaeayao;\/ ,if;aMumihfyif aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf usdvifxefu *dkPf;MuD; ig;*dkPf;udk
wpf*kdPf;wnf;tjzpf yl;aygif;&ef MuHaejcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;odkY yl;aygif;Ekdifygu a&Smifvif? [lwef;wkdYESifh
trDvdkufEdkifrnf[k wGufqxm;yHk&onf/
,ckawmh rQ xif&Sm;ausmfMum;vSonfh [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;tm; "m;okdif;ynm tEdkif,lcJhonfudk
vifh[lcsKH;u jyefvnfowd&vdkufaomaMumifh olYudk,fol tvGef0rf;om*kPf,lpdwf jzpfay:vmjcif;aywnf;/
vif;&Si\
f toHay:xGufvmonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefudkawmh t&ifwkef;uwnf;u usKyfawGUzl;ygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;usdvifxef ...
cifAsm;&JU aerif;vuf0g;apmif;odkif;u b,ftqifhtxd a&mufaejyDvJAs/ aemufqHk;tqifhxd a&muf
avmufjyDvkdY usKyfxifw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;pGmjzifh awG;vdkufrdonf/
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El;nHhodrfarGUaom toHwpfcku ...
]]q&mMuD; vif;&Sifu q&mBuD;&JU vufatmufi,fom;wpfa,muf&JU zrf;csKyfwmudk cHvkduf&w,f vdkY
Mum;od&ygw,f/ tckvdk jyefvGwfvmw,fqkdwmod&vdkY trsm;MuD; 0rf;omygw,f/ ... usKyf&JU aerif;
vuf0g;apmif;odkif;uawmh toHk;rjyKwmMumawmh arhawmif aeygjyDAsm}}
pum;toGm;tvmudk axmufcsifh xkdpum;ajymvdkufolrSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxef
jzpf&rnf[k vifh[lcsKH;u awG;vdkuf\/ bkef;awmfMuD; zef;wif;\toHu qufvuf xGufay:vmonf/
]]a[monf yk*dKvfuawmh xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifygwJh/ onfzufuawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf MuD;
&ufykcRefeJY olYZeD; zl;vifwkdYygyJ}}
vif;&Siu
f t&,fwpf0ufjzifh ...
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dk Jhemrnfawmh Mum;zl;w,f/ [dk0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; qkdwJhvl&JU emrnfawmh rMum;zl;bl;}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;ukd Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;u rausreyfjzifh awG;vkdufonf/
]]ighq&mu q&mrxuf emrnftrsm;MuD; ydkMuD;wmaygh/ tckawmh q&mrudkawmh Mum;zl;jyD;awmh
q&mhemrnfusawmh rMum;zl;bl;wJh/ 'gu q&mudk oufoufrJh &efpwmyJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
816
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRef\ avoHurl csrf;ajrUvS\/

]][kwfygw,f/ usKyfu emrnfodyf&SdwmrS r[kwfwm/ q&mMuD;u usKyfudkrodbl;qdkwm obm0
usygw,f}}
vif;&Siu
f rmqwfqwf avoHjzifh ar;vkdufonf/
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rajymwwfbl;/ tJ .. cifAsm;wkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;u vlygyJ}}
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lY aMumif;rsm; odcsifygovJ/ usKyfodorQ ajzyghr,f}}
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tusifhpm&dwv
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tJonft&nftcsif;awGudk awGUvsufom;eJY rjrifcsifa,mif aqmifaeMuw,f ... olYudk remvdk awmh
rjrifcsifa,mif aqmifvkdufwm tvG,fqHk;eJY taumif;qHk;ayghAsm ... usKyfuawmh bGif;bGif;orm; yJ/ jrifwmeJY
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em;axmifae&if;rS vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf &ifckefvmawmhonf/ vif;&Sifonf rnfolYudkrQ *kpdkufol
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jcm;jcm; cHpm;&yHk ray:aomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;twGufrSmrl tvGefw&m tae&txkdif& usOf;usyfapawmh\/
vif;&Siu
f r&yfao;yJ qufajymvdkufao;\/
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Mum;vkdufwmeJY vlaxmifcsDpkpnf;jyD; csDwufvmawmhwmyJ/ olYZeD;avmif;udk vmu,fwmayghav/ 'gayr,fh
tckawmh tJ'D axmifcsDaewJh vltkyfMuD;eJYtwl olygaysmufoGm;awmh ... tJ'g b,fa&mufoGm;vJ rodbl;/
a,murjzpfawmhr,fh usKyfu pdwfylwmayghAsm/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;udk ar;Munfhwmyg}}
&ufykcRefu rsufESmwpfcsufrysufyJ jyHK; em;axmifae&mrS vif;&Sif\ pum;qHk;aomtcg w[m; [m;
atmf&,fvkdufawmh\/
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raeYnuawmh a&SmifqufawmifajcrSm vli,fwpfa,mufudk awGUvkduf&w,f/ q&mMuD;&JU om;rufavmif;eJY
wlyg&JUAsm/ nmvufrSm "m;wpfacsmif;/ b,fvufrSm rdef;racsmav; wpfa,mufudk ayGUxm;w,f/ aocsm
Munfhvkdufawmh a'0D*kdPf;csKyf vefzkef;zkef;eJYwlwmyJ/ ... q&mMuD; wpfckawmh owdxm;aemf/ awmfawmf Mum
q&mMuD;&JU om;rufavmif;u olrsm;vufxJ ygoGm;OD;r,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif tawmfuav; usOf;usOf;usyfusyf cHpm;vdkuf&\/
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jrifwmyJ/ ... t&ifwkef;u q&mu olwpfyg;udk xdcdkufepfematmif rajymwwfygbl;/ tckrS b,fvdk
jzpfaewmvJrodbl;}}
vif;&Si?f vif;vif;ESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYurl vifh[lcsKH; tay:wGif ykef;cdkaerSef;odojzifh &ufykcRef\ pum;udk
Mum;vkduf&aomtcg jyHK;rdMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH; xdcdkufepfematmif r[kwfrrSefaom pum;rsm;udk
ajymjcif;onf ajymol\ *kPfodumudkom usqif;apawmh\/ vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]]'Doli,fu awmfawmfcufwJh oli,fygvm;/ toufi,fi,feJY jrmayGwwfaejyDqdkawmh olYq&mqD u
ynmpHk&xm;jyDeJYwlw,f/ q&maumif;wynfh yef;aumif;yefqdkwm 'grsKd;jzpf&r,f}}
&ufykcRefrSm rsufESmwpfcsufeDoGm;jyD; zl;vif&Sd&modkY rodrom vSrf;Munfhvkduf\/ jyD;rS vif;&Sifzuf
jyefvSnfhum ... ]]q&mMuD;ajymwJh oli,fu t&ifwkef;uawmh usKyfwdkY*dkPf;uyg/ tckawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;u
armif;xkwfvdkufwJh vlqdk;av;aygh/ emrnfu vifh[lcsKH;vdkY ac:ygw,f}}
vif;&Siu
f
... ]]ywjrm;udk ausmufNzHK;vdkY xifaeoudk;/ cifAsm;rsufpdu rGJvSacsvm;/ udk,feJY
r&if;ESD;ao;ol wpfa,muf&JU t&nftaoG;udk xdk;xGif;rjrifwm xm;ygawmh/ tckvdk udk,fhwynfh wpfa,mufudk
udk,frodwmuawmh nHhvSoAsm/ ... cifAsm;u olYudk vlqdk;av;vdkY emrnfwyfvkdufawmh usKyfu vlqdk;MuD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
817
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
jzpfoGm;jyDaygh}}
&ufykcRefu trlt&m rysufyJ ... ]]'Daumifu wu,fhvlqdk;aygh q&mMuD;&JU/ b,fhES,fhAsm/
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf twGufeJYrsm; atmufvrf;odkif;orm;awG axmifcsDjyD;pkkH;? ESpfaygif;&meJYcsD ordkif;0if wJh
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;awmfMuD;udk xdyg;apmfum;&Jwmudk Munfhygvm;/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvif
xefom tBuHaumif;aumif;eJY tuGufqifrxm;&if 'Dordkif;0if bk&m;ausmif;MuD;awmh jymyHkjzpfrSm tao
tcsmyJ}}
xkdpOf &SefY0efYxif;u jzwf ... ]]&ufykcRef/ MunfhvJajymygOD;/ vifh[lcsKH;vmwmu 'djyif &nfG,fcsufeJYyg/
tJ'gudk cifAsm;u a&Smifvifausmif;MuD;udk vmzsufqD;wJh &nf&G,fcsufjzpfatmif yHkMuD;csJU ajymaew,f ...
vifh[lcsKH; a&Smifvifudkvmwmu vif;vif;udk u,fxkwfzkdYyJ/ a&Smifvifausmif;MuD;udk vmzsufqD;wm
r[kwfbl;/ ... tckMunfhygvm; ... rsufjrifyJav ...}}
&SefY0efYxif;onf [efygygjzifh t&yf&SpfrsufESmodkY vuf[efjzifh jyvdkufjyD; ...
]]tm;vHk;tjrify/J
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qif;wkawmfawG ysufpD;zkdYa0;vdkY bmypnf;rsm; aysmufoGm;ovJ/ vifh[lcsKH;u vlawG axmifeJYcsD ac:vm
jyD;awmh bk&m;ausmif;xJrSm wpfaeYeJYwpfn pcef;csoGm;w,f ... bmawGrsm; ysufpD;oGm;ovJ}}
a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ...
]][kwfygw,f/ vifh[lcsKH;eJY olYrdwfaqGawG bk&m;ausmif;xJ a&mufaewkef;u bkef;MuD;vJ &ifwrr eJYyg/
tm;vHk; jymyHkjzpfoGm;&if cuf&acs&JUvdkY aomuyGm;aewmygyJ/ ... 'gayr,fh bkef;MuD;u oufoufrJh
tpdk;&drfMuD;aewmyg/ vifh[lcsKH;eJY olYrdwfaqGawGu a&Smifvif&JUypnf;qkd&if bmwpfckrS rzsufqD;cJhMu ygbl;/
'g[m vifh[lcsKH;&JU pdwfESvHk;aumif;rGefreI JY oabmxm;jynfh0rIudk jyaewmyg/ 'DudpawG tm;vHk;
at;csrf;oGm;&ifawmh bkef;MuD;udk,fwkdif vifh[lcsKH;udkawGUjyD; aus;Zl;wifpum; ajym&OD;r,f}}
&SefY0efYxif;u ... ]]q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;qkdwm wu,fyJ oDvorm"deJY jynfhpHkaywmyJ/ udk,f &efolqDu
aumif;jrwfwJht&nftaoG;udk azmfxkwfcsD;usL;w,fqdkwm omrefvlawG jyKvkyfEdkifwJht&m r[kwfygbl;/ ...
wpfcsKdUuawmh [efaqmifaeayr,fh wu,fwrf;rSm rif;om;acgif;aqmif;xm;wJh bDvl; awGyg}}
q&mawmfMuD;u ... ]]bkef;MuD; wpfck ar;csifygw,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrBuD;ESpfyg;u b,fh ES,fvkyf
bkef;MuD;wkdYausmif;xJrSm uG,fvGefae&wmvJ}}
vif;vif;u vTwfueJ atmfvdkufonf/
]]b,fvkd ... q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&DwkdY qHk;oGm;jyD ...}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ...
]][kwfygw,f/ olwkdYESpfa,muf&JU kyftavmif;awGudk bk&m;ausmif;aqmif wpfaqmifxJrSm awGU& w,f/
tcsdefudk wGufMunfhawmh olwdkYuG,fvGefcsdef[m [dkokdif;orm;awG bk&m;ausmif;xJ 0ifvmwJh tcsdef avmufyJ}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]rjzpfEkdifbl; ... rjzpfEdkifbl;/ odyfxl;qef;w,f/ ... q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muf 'Dudkvm wmu
uRefrudkvmjyD; u,fxkwfMuwmyg/ q&mawmfMuD;awGuvnf; q&mrMuD;awG&JUrsufESmudk axmuf xm;jyD;
uRefrudk jyefvTwfay;Muygw,f}}
xdkpum;rsm;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif xdcdkufvIyf&Sm;oGm;avawmh\/
]]q&mrBuD;awG[m wu,fhudk tajymeJYtvkyfnDMuygayw,f/ a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD; udk
awmif;yefjyD; vif;vif;udk wu,fyJ vmu,fxkwfMuwmudk;/ 'gayr,fh olwdkYESpfa,mufu bmjzpfvkdY 'DrSm
towfcHvkdu&f wmvJ/ olwkdYu igeJYvif;vif;twGuf aooGm;MuwmyJ/ igu olwkdYtwGuf vufpm;
acsay;&r,f}}
vif;vif;u quf ... ]]q&mrBuD;ESpfa,mufu uRefrudk a&Smifvifausmif;ay:uae ac:qif; vmjyD;
oHk;&ufajrmufwaJh eYrSm tpfudkvifh[lcsKH;u odkif;avmuom; rdwfaqGawGudkac:jyD; csDwufvmjyDqdkwhJ owif;
pum;udk Mum;&awmhwmygyJ/ tJ'DrSm q&mrBuD;wifh&Sefu tawmfhudk pdk;&drfwBuD;jzpfoGm;w,f/ tJ'geJY tpfudkYudk
uRefru tjrefqHk;oGm;awGUjyD; ]tajctaetm;vHk; at;aq;oGm;jyD} qdkwJh taMumif;eJY/ vltkyfMuD;udk jyefoGm;zdkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
818
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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awmh ... uRefrudk u,frdwJh twGufeJY ...}}
vif;vif;rSm &Snfvsm;pGm &Sif;jyae&mrS wjznf;jznf; qkdYepfoGm;awmh\/ q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muf uG,fvGef
oGm;onfh owif;rSm olr\ ESvHk;om;udk uGJaMuapawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl q&mrMuD; ESpfa,mufwkdYtwGuf
aMuuGJjcif;u wpfzuf? vif;vif;\ ]tpfudkvifh[lcsKH;} [laomtoHk;tEIef;udk oHk;vkdufwkdif; &SufpEdk;jzpfoGm;
aom avoHuav;udk em;axmif&if; MunfEl;onfu wpfzufjzifh 0rf;om0rf;enf;jcif;[laom qefYusifzuf
cHpm;rI ESpfrsKd;udk wpfjydKifwnf; cHpm;ae&awmh\/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
819
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
taumufMuH tEdkif,ljcif;
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oufouf vkyfMuHcHvkduf&&SmjyD}}
um; q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ESajrmwopGm ajymvdkufonfh pum;yifwnf;/
vif;vif;u quf &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
]]uRefru q&mrMuD;ESpfa,mufeJY vrf;cGJvdkufwJhnrSmyJ vlqdk;wpfodkufeJYawGUjyD; tzrf;cH&jyefw,f/ tazeJY
OD;av;wkdYESpfa,muf vmu,fvdkY vGwfajrmufcJh&w,f/ uRefrtzrf;cH&wJhtcsdefrSm odkif;orm;wyfMuD;u
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;xJ a&mufaeMujyD/ tckuRefrwkdY jyef0ifvmwm em&D0ufawmif r&Sdao;ygbl;/ odkif;orm;
awG b,fvkd xGufoGm;ovJ qdkwmvJ uRefrwkdY rodvkdufygbl; ... 'gaMumifh q&mrBuD;ESpfyg; towfcHvkduf&
w,fqkdwmudk Mum;wmeJY uRefr tHhMooGm;rdwmyg/ b,fvkdrsm; towfcv
H kduf&wmvJ rodbl;}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]'Dvdkqkd&if q&mrBuD;ESpfyg;udk q&mMuD; vif;&SifeJY &SefY0efYxif;wkdY owfwm
r[kwfbl;aygh}}
vif;vif;u uref;uwef; &Sif;jyvkdufonf/
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wkdufcdkuf&ifawmif uRefru Munfhraeygbl;/ 0ifjyD; wm;rSmyJ/ tck[mu t&Sif;MuD;yg/ taza&m? OD;av;a&m?
uRefryg b,folrS q&mrMuD;awGudk rawGU&ao;bl;}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u pOf;pm;vkdufjyD; a&Gwfvdkufonf/
]]'gvnf; [kwfaewmyJ}}
xdkpOf csif;csef*kdPf;csKyf &Dcsef;u kwfw&uf 0ifajymvkduf\/
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qyfzdkY pOf;pm;ayr,fh olwkdYu aus;Zl;&Siu
f dk aus;Zl;uef;zkdYyJ pOf;pm;aeMuwm}}
aMumufrufzG,f&m rmaMumat;pufaom tMunfhjzifh vif;&Sifu &Dcsef;udk Munhfvkdufonf/ onfwGif
&Dcsef;rSm a&SUquf pum;rajym&JawmhyJ EIwfydwfvdkufrdonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif raumif;qkd;0g; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk
tawmfuav; pdk;GHUaerdonfrSm trSefyifjzpfonf/
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u pum;pvdkuo
f nf/
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vif;&Siu
f at;aq;pGmyif ... ]]'gu bmrsm;cufvkdYvJ/ q&mawmfMuD;wdkYu usKyf&JU *dkPf;om; &Spfa,mufudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
820
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tpGrf;tpeJY owfMuaygh/ 'gu taumif;qHk; ajz&Sif;enf;yJ}}

q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u a'gooHrygyJ ... ]]'Dvdkawmhvnf; b,fjzpfrvJav/ bkef;MuD;wkdYu b,fvkdvkyf
jyD; vlowfrvJ/ tMuifemw&m;r&SdwJh tvkyfrSeforQ bkef;MuD;wkdYtaeeJY bmwpfckrS rvkyfEidk fygbl; ...}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u pum;ukd &yfvdkufjyD; vif;&Sifudk aocsmpGm Munfh ...
]]... 'gayr,fh bkef;MuD;ajymcsifwm wpfck&Sdw,f/ q&mMuD; 'Dwpfcg odkif;avmuxJ jyef0ifvmwm
vlawGtrsm;MuD; ab;'ku a&mufapEkdifw,fqdkwm bkef;MuD; odaerdw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY q&mMuD;wkdY oHk;a,muf
bkef;MuD;wkdYausmif;rSm wpfoufvHk; at;at;aq;aq; aeoGm;ygvdkY bkef;MuD;u awmif;yefygw,f/ 'gqdk&if
odkif;avmuMuD; at;csrf;oGm;rSmyJ}}
vif;&Siu
f w[m;[m; &,fvdkufonf/ q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u avoHat;at;jzifh ...
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uwday;yg/ cifAsm;wdkYudk b,folurS vufzsm;eJY rxdap&bl;/ bkef;MuD;u toufay;jyD; umuG,fr,fvdkY
uwday;ygw,f/ tm;vHk; at;at;csrf;csrf; jzpfoGm;atmif cifAsm;wkdY 'DrSmyJ aevkdufMuygvm;}}
usdvifxefESifh &ufykcRefwkdYu jydKifwlyif awG;vkdufrdMuonf/
]]q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u wu,fdk;om;wmyJ/ odkif;avmueJY ywfouf&if oljrifwJh tjrifuvJ wu,fh
udk tdk;cHoufoufyJ/ usm;udk OykofapmifhzdkY ajymaeovdk ajymaewmyJ/ 'Dvdk vlowform;awGudk bk&m;ausmif;
xJrSmaezdkY ajym&ufw,f/ wu,fhudk rjzpfEdkifwJh tvkyf/ tdrfrufrufaewmyJ}}
vif;&Siu
f jyHK; ... ]]q&mawmfMuD;&JU apwemudk wu,fyJ av;pm;ygw,f/ wu,fhudk pdwfaumif;eJY
ajymaerSef;vJ odygw,f/ ... wu,fvJ usKyfwkdY 'DrSm aeoifhygw,f}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]]q&mMuD;u bkef;MuD;ajymwmudk oabmwlw,faygh}}
vif;&Siu
f ... ]][kwfygw,f/ jzpfoifhwmudk ajymwmyg/ 'gayr,fh usKyfwkdYu 'DrSm tvGefqHk; oHk;em&DyJ
aeEkdifr,f/ 'DxufydkjyD;awmh raeEdkifygbl;}}
q&mawmfMuD;u pdwfysufvufysufjzifh nnf;nLvdkuf\/
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vif;&Siu
f ... ]]r[kwfygbl; ... usKyfu q&mawmfMuD;udk aemufajymif0HhwJhtxdawmh rdkif;ygbl;/ vlqdk;
qkdayr,fh qdk;wJhvlawGtay:rSmom qdk;wmyg ... wvufpwnf; ajym&OD;r,f/ 'DavmuMuD;xJrSm usKyftxif
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vif;&Si\
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qufajymvkdufonf/
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tmomqE jyif;jypGmjzifh em;axmifaeolrsm;rSm tmomajyroGm;Muay/ vif;&Sif\ pu;mtus,fukd odvkd
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q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u pum;vrf;pzGifhay;vkdufojzifh tm;vHk; auseyfpGmjzifh em;axmifaeMuonf/
olwkdYtm;vHk; aumif;aumif;MuD; odaeonfh tcsuf&Sdonf/
vif;&Siv
f dkvlrsKd;\ txifMuD;cH&a&;qko
d nfrSm tvGefYtvGef cufcJaom udpMuD;yifwnf;/ xkdYtwl
txifMuD;rcH&aom olrSmvnf; tawmfuav;udk xl;jcm;ol jzpf&csdrfhrnf/
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]q&mMuD;&JU tusKd;taMumif;eJY &Sif;jywJhpum;udkawmh bkef;MuD; Mum;csifyg
ao;w,f}}
vif;&Sifu acgif;ndwfvkdufum ... ]]q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u odkif;ynmwumrSm tqifhtjrifhqHk;jzpfwhJ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
821
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]taMumavQmh twGif;tm;} odkif;udk wwfuRrf;atmifjrifatmif avhusifhEdkifcJhw,f/ twGif;tm;odki;f rSm tawmf

qHk;yJ/ 'gwifru pdwfoabmxm; BuD;jrifhrIeJY tMuifemw&m;vJ jynfh0w,f/ odrfarGUEl;nHhrIvJ &Sdw,f/ usKyfvdk
a[mha[mh&rf;&rf; vlrsKd; r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifh usKyfu txifMuD;wmyg}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u 0rf;om0rf;enf;jcif; uif;pGmjzifh em;axmifaeonf/
]]usKyftxifBuD;wJh 'kwd,vlwpfa,mufuawmh aerif;ocif*dkPf;csKyfae&mudk usKyfvufxJu vkoGm;wJh
wHk;zef;ykygyJ}}
em;axmifaeolrsm; tm;vHk; ][if} ueJ tmar#dwfoHrsm; jyKvdkufrdMuawmh\/
vif;&SifrSm wkH;zef;yk\ tusOf;csxm;jcif;rS rsm;rMumrDuav;urS vGwfajrmufvmcJhjcif;jzpf\/ odkYaomf
,ckawmh olwkdYem;jzifh qwfqwfMum;vdkufonfrSm rSefygonf/
]]usKyftxifBuD;wJh 'kwd,vlwpfa,muf uawmh wHk;zef;ykygyJ}}
vif;&Siu
f quf ajymvkdufonf/
]]usKyf&JU odkif;ynmeJY Pf&nfu awmfawmhfvlxuf omygw,f/ 'gawmifrS 'Daumifh&JUvufcsufudk cHvdkuf
&w,fqkdawmh 'DvlYudkrS txifrMuD;&if b,folYudk txifBuD;&awmhrSmvJ}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u acgif;ndwf oabmwlaMumif; azmfjyvdkuf\/ vif;&Sifu ...
]]usKyftxifBuD;wJh wwd,wpfa,mufuawmh 'DuaeY 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU xdyfoD;odkif;q&mBuD; wpfa,muf
ygyJ}}
vltm;vHk; ][m} ueJ jzpfoGm;&jyefonf/ apmapmwkef;uav;rSmyif vif;&Sif\avoHrSm &ufykcRefukd csKd;csKd;
ESdrfESdrf ajymcJhonf/ ,ckawmh &ufykcRefonf vif;&Sif\ txifBuDolrsm; pm&if;wGif yg0ifaejyefonf/ zl;vifu
kwfjcnf;yif ajymvkdufonf/
]]&Sifu pum;trsKd;rsKd; ajymaeygvm;/ ajymcsifwJh pum;udk &Sif;&Sif;ajymvJ&ygw,f/ uRefrwkdYudk ceJYaep&m
rvdkygbl;}}
vif;&Siu
f oabmuspGm &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]][m;[m;[m; ... igajymwJhvlu rif;a,mufsm;vdkY xifaevdkYvm;/ rif;a,mufsm;u trsm;BuD; Ekygao;
w,f/ igtxifBuD;wmu "m;odkif;rSm jydKifpH&Sm;wJh q&mBuD; zkef;csif;udk ajymwmuG/ q&mBuD;zkef;csif;&JU "m;odkif;
u usKyfxufomw,f/ 'DtxJu b,folrSvnf; rDrSmr[kwfygbl;av/ 'gaMumifh usKyf&JU tonf;ESvHk;xJu
olYudk txifBuD;w,f}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u tHhMopGmjzifh ...
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ar;jyD;onfESifh q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u &ufykcRefwdkY vifr,m;ukd wpfcsufrQ Munfhvdkufrdonf/
&ufykcRefu ajzvkdufonf/
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r*FvmMuD; wpf&yfygyJAsm/}}
vif;&Siu
f ceJYjyHK;jyHK;&if; ...
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tzGJUawG[m wu,fh urmh&efolawmfBuD;awG/ q&mBuD; zkef;csif;om&Sdaeao;&if cifAsm;twGuf r*FvmBuD;
jzpfw,f ... [kwfvm;/ &,fawmif &,fvkdufcsifao;w,fAsm}}
wGif tvGefw&m [efyefrSifarmif;aumif;vSaom &ufykcRefrSm ajErqnfEdkifawmhyJ rsufESmysufoGm;
avawmh\/ olYpdwfxJrSvnf; ...
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zkef;csif; touf&iS faeao;w,fqkdwm t[kwfyJaygh}}
odkY awG;vkdufrdonfwGif &ufykcRefrSm tjcm;udprsm;wGif ajEqnfEdkifaomfvnf; ,ckowif;udk Mum;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
822
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vkdufjyD;aemuf tMuD;tus,f rsufESmysufoGm;&jcif; jzpfawmh\/

vif;&Siu
f w[J[J &,fvkdufjyD; ... ]]odyfvnf;pdwfrylygeJY/ q&mMuD; zkef;csif;u avmuDa&;&mawGudk
pGefYvTwfvkdufygjyD/ cifAsm;qDu *kdPf;csKyfae&m vmrvkygbl;/ vkcsif&ifvnf; olvmzdkYrvdkygbl;/ vlwpfa,muf
a,mufukd olY"m;odkif;ynm oifay;jyD; vTwfvdkufwmeJY *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk tJonfvl&oGm;rSmyJ}}
vif;&Si\
f csKd;csKd;ESdrfESdrfajymaom pum;udk &ufykcRefrSm atmifhoufoufjzifh cHvkduf&avonf/ jyD;aemuf
vif;&Sifu &aohMuD; csKH;Id;zufodkY vSnfhum ...
]]usKyftxifBuD;wJhtxJrSm &aohBuD; csKH;Id;u wpfydkif;ygw,f/ &aohBuD;&JU xkdufusd"m;odkif;u odyfaumif;
w,f/ 'gayr,fh &aohBuD;u wpfudk,fwnf;yJaew,f/ okdif;avmua&;&mudk ta&;rpdkufbl;/ wynfhwyef;awG
udkvnf; ynmrsKd;quf jzefYray;bl;/ [lwef;*dkPf;rSm xl;cRefajymifajrmufwJh vli,f&,fvdkY r&Sdawmhbl;/ &aoh
BuD;om uG,fvGefoGm;&if [lwef;xkdufusd"m;okdif;[m wdrfaumyaysmuf oGm;awmhrSmyJ/ 'gaMumifh &aohBuD;udk
usKyfu wpfydkif;yJ txifBuD;wmyg}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u &,f&,farmarmjzifh ...
]]q&mBuD; vif;&Sif&JU wpf0ufwpfydkif; txifMuD;cH&wmudkyJ usKyfu *kPf,lvSygjyDAsm/ q&mBuD; axmufjy
wmawGuvnf; wu,fhudk rSefuefaywmyJ/}}
vif;&Siu
f aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf usdvifxefzuf vSnfhum ...
]]usdvifxef .. cifAsm;&JU rsufESmuawmh jyHK;aew,f/ pdwfxJuawmh a'goxGufaew,f/ usKyfajymwm
[kwf&JUvm;/ cifAsm;u usKyftxifBuD;wJh pm&if;rSm rygayr,fh usKyf&JU txifrBuD;wJhpm&if;rSmawmh cifAsm;u
yxrqHk;vlyJ/}}
usdvifxefu &,fvdkufjyD; ]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}} [k ajymvdkufonf/
vif;&Siu
f r&yfao;yJ qufajymvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;u odkif;ynmrSm awmfw,f/ PfeDPfeufvnf; rsm;w,f/ 'gudk usKyfu oabmusw,f/
cifAsm;u *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;jyD; wpf*dkPf;wnf;vkyfcsifw,f/ a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;udk ycHk;csif;,SOf
csifw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;zdkYvkyfwJhae&mrSmawmh cifAsm;&JU vkyfenf; vkyf[efawGu
odyfatmufwef;usw,f/ ,kwfrmedrfhusw,f/ a,mufsm; ryDobl;/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;udk usKyfu vHk;0txif
rMuD;bl;}}
usdvifxefu ceJYjyHK;jyHK; ..
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vif;&Siu
f acgif;udk cg,rf; ...
]]tJ'gajymwmaygh/ olrsm;pum;udk iSm;NyD;ajymwmudku udk,fydkifPf r&SdwmjyaewmyJ/ 'gaMumifh olrsm;
awGu cifAsm;udk txifrBuD;wmaygh}}
usdvifxefrSm rsufESmBuD; eD&JoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf olu csufcsif;yif... ]]cifAsm; [kdpum;ajym? 'Dpum;ajym
vkyfaewm bmoabmvJ/ usKyfwkdYudk wrifoufouf tcsdefqGJaewmaygh}}
vif;&Siu
f at;aq;pGmyif ...
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usdvifxefu ... ]]cifAsm;wkdYvkd raumif;qkd;0g;awGeJY wkdufcdkufwJhae&mrSm pnf;urf;awGbmawG xm;rae
Edkifbl;}}
vif;&Siu
f &,fvdkufjyD; ... ]][m;[m;[m; .. aumif;w,f ... aumif;w,f/ wu,fvdkYom cifAsm;wkdYu
usKyfudk 'Duae vGwfxGufroGm;atmif wm;xm;Ekdifw,fqdk&if a[m'Du usKyf&JUacgif;MuD;udk vufaqmifay;
vkdufr,f ... [m; [m; [m;}}
vif;&Siu
f olYvnfyif;udk vufId;jzifh jzwf[efjy&if; w[m;[m; &,fvdkufawmh\/ usdvifxefuvnf;
at;pufpGmjzifh ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
823
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rcufygbl;}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u 0ifajymvkduo
f nf/
]]bkef;MuD;uawmh vlowfwmudk vHk;0raxmufcHbl;/ bkef;MuD;&JU ausmif;wkduftwGif;rSmvJ 'gawGudk cGifhrjyK
Ekdifbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJ at;pufoGm;\/ usdvifxef\ pum;rSm rSefayonf/ olwdkY q,fa,mufonf
xdyfoD;okdif;orm;rsm; jzpfav&m vif;&Sifudk wm;qD;Edkifaumif;rS wm;Edkifrnf jzpfaomfvnf; vif;vif;vkd
odkif;ynm tqifhedrfhaomoludkrl tomuav; zrf;qD;owfjzwfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
vif;&Siu
f awmh w[m;[m; &,fum ...
]]odyfaumif;wJh tBuHygvm;/ wu,fh odkif;ynm &SifMuD;awGygvm;/ uJ uJ ... usKyfuvnf; jyeftaMumif;
jy&rSmayghav ... odMuwJh twdkif;yJ usKyfu vlqdk;As/ cifAsm;wkdYu yg;udkuf&if usKyfu jyefjyD;awmh cifAsm;wkdY&JU
yg;a&m? em;a&m? ESmacgif;a&m jyefudkufr,fh vlpm;rsKd;aemf}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;wGif olY jyefvnfvufpm;acsrnfh tpDtpOf&SdaeaMumif; xif&Sm;aeayawmhonf/ tm;vHk;
u wkefvIyfpGmjzifh em;pGifhaerdMu\/ vif;&Sifu at;aq;pGmyif ...
]]usKyfajymjyr,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefrSm wpfOD;wnf;aom om;av;&Sdw,f/ &ufykcRefrSm wpfOD;wnf;
aom orD;uav;&Sdw,f/ &Dcsef;rSm r,m;acsmuav;awG tawmfrsm;rsm;&Sdw,f/ &aohMuD; xif;rifrSmawmh
r,m;r&Sdayr,fh om;wynfhawG&Sdw,f/ q&mMuD;armfwm;&JU tazBuD;eJY tarMuD;/ cGef;vGef*dkPf;u q&mMuD;rSm
wpfOD;wnf;aom ajr;uav;&Sdw,f/ olawmif;pm; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;rSmawmh wdwfwdwfykef; om;ESpfa,mufawmif
&Sdw,f}}
vif;&Sio
f nf olY&efolawmf wpfOD;csif;\ twGif;a&;rsm;udk at;aq;pGma&Gwfae&m tm;vHk;yif tMuD;
tus,f rsufESmysufoGm;awmh\/ olwkdY\ ausmdk;xJrS pdrfhwufvmMu\/ vif;&Sifonf ES,fES,f&&vlr[kwf/
okdif;ynmawmfjyD; &ufpufolvnf; jzpf\/ olYudk &ufpufoludk olu q,fqjyef vufpm;acsrnfjzpf\/
rnfolurQ rdrdwdkYESifhywfoufol? rdom;pk0ifrsm;udk em&DpuefYrvyf apmifhMunfhEdkifMurnfr[kwfacs/
apmifhMunfhEdkifonf xm;bdOD;/ vif;&Sifudk wm;qD;umuG,f&efrSm vG,fulaomtvkyf r[kwfacs/ xkdYaMumifh
vltm;vHk;yif ausmcsrf;oGm;jyD; vHk;0 pum;rajymEkdifawmhay/
twefMumrS [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u ...
]]q&mMuD; vif;&Sif ... usKyfwkdY avmif;aMu; wpfck vkyfMur,f}}
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,SOfjydKifMur,f/ cifAsm;wdkYoHk;a,muf? usKyfwkdYoHk;a,muf? wpfa,mufwpfyGJaygh/ NydKifMur,f/ oHk;yGJrSm ESpfyGJEkdif
wJhzufu tEdkifyJ}}
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vif;&Siu
f ... ]]aumif;jyD/ usKyfwdkY IH;&if a&Smifvifausmif;rSm q,fESpfaer,f/ awmifay:u rqif;&bl;/
uskKyfwkdY Ekdif&ifawmh udk,fhvrf;udk,foGm;Ekdifw,faygh ... [kwfvm;}}
[lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;u ... ]][kwfygw,f/ 'DrSm towfcHvkduf&wJhvlawG&JU &efaMuG;awGudkvnf; acszsuf
vkdufyghr,f}}
vif;&Siu
f wpfcsuf pOf;pm;vdkufjyD; tm;vHk;ukd vSrf;ar;vkdufonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYzufu b,folawG xGufrSmvJ/ usKyfaG;&rSmvm;/ cifAsm;wkdYzmom aG;rSmvm;}}
usdvifxefu ... ]]udk,fhzufuvludk udk,faG;rSmaygh/ q&mawmfMuD;u tdrf&Sifqkdawmh yxrqHk; yGJqif;&r,fh
vlyJ/ usKyfvnf; okdif;rupm;wm MumjyDqdkawmh tckwpfyGJavmuf vuf&nfprf;csifw,f/ aemufqHk;wpfa,muf
... 'DjydKifyGJudk tMuHay;wJh csKH;Id;&aohMuD;udkvnf; yGJqif;cGifh ay;oifhwmaygh/ tJ'gu usKyfwkdYzufu vlpm&if;yJ}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
824
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefwkdYrSm tawmfqHk;[k qdkEkdifolrsm;jzpfojzifh olwkdYoHk;a,muf xGuf&efpDpOfjcif;jzpfonf/

vif;&Siw
f dkY zufwGifrlum; vif;vif;rSm rnfolESifh awGUawGU IH;rnfrSm aocsmaeawmh\/ odkYaomfvnf;
vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,fvdkufum ...
]]aumif;ygjyD .. aumif;ygjyD/ 'Dvq
kd kd&if usKyfu ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD;eJY t&ifqHk; ,SOfjydKif&r,faygh}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]bkef;MuD;uawmh okdif;ynm ravhusifhwm tawmfuav; MumoGm;ygjyD/
q&mMuD;udk ,SOfEkdifr,fvkdYawmh rxifbl;/ 'gayr,fh q&mMuD;wkdYwpfawGudk 'Dbk&m;ausmif;xJrSm aeapvkdwJh
twGufaMumifh bkef;MuD;u tm;tifxkwfjyD;awmh q&mMuD;udk ,SOfjydKif&awmhrSmyJ}}
wGif usdvifxefu vGefpGmoabmusoGm;\/ vif;&Sifu olYtm; yxrOD;pGm pdefac:vdkufrnfudk olYpdwf
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xdkpOf vif;&Sifu q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ukd tdktaoay;vdkufonf/ q&mawmfMuD;uvnf; wHkYjyefjyD;
tdktaoay;onf/
vif;&Siu
f .. ]]usKyfu aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU ppfrSefwJh odkif;ynmukd oHk;r,f/ q&mawmfMuD;uvnf;
a&Smifvif*P
kd f;&JU ppfrSefwJh odkif;ynmudk oHk;r,fqkdawmh tppftrSefcsif; awGUaeMujyD}}
csif;csef*kdPf;csKyf &Dcsef;u ceJYjyHK;jyHK;um rMum;wMum; ajymvkduf\/
]][if; .. ppfrSefwJh odkif;ynmwJh/ bmppfrSefwmvJ/ r&Sufbl;vm;}}
vif;&Siu
f a'goacsmif;acsmif; xGufoGm;jyD; ...
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q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u uref;uwef; atmfvkdufonf/
]]rvkyfeJY}}
vif;&Sif\ okdif;ynmpGrf;udk od&Sdxm;aom q&mawmfMuD;u &Dcsef; towfcH&rnfudk pdk;&drfoGm;onf/
csufcsif;yif vuf0g;wpfcsuf dkufxkwfvkduf\/
q&mawmfMuD;\ vuf0g;rSm dk;dk;&Sif;&Sif;yif jzpf\/ odkYaomf vrf;wpf0ufodkY a&mufonfwGif wpfcsufrQ
wkefcgoGm;jyD;aemuf vuf0g;&dyf wpfckrS ESpfckodkYjzmxGufvmonf/ jyD;onfESifh ESpfckrS av;ck? av;ckrS &SpfckodkY
ajymif;vJoGm;awmh\/
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f EIwfrS tmar#dwfoH xGufvmonf/
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vif;&Siu
f csufcsif;yif q&mawmfMuD;\ ykcHk;udk ckwfcsvdkuf\/ q&mawmfMuD;uvnf; nmvuf0g;aemufrS
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yGm;oGm;jyef\/
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f avxJodkY ckefwufvdkujf yd; ol\ vuf0g;udk 0kef;ueJ? 0kef;ueJ jrnfatmif dkufxkwfum
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awGUae&\/
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vif;&Si\
f vuf0g;apmif;odkif;url dk;&Sif;jywfom;vS\/ wpfcsufqkdqdkoavmuf tm;rmefygjyD; bkef;awmf
MuD;\ IyfaxG;qef;jym;aom odkif;uGufrsm;udk ajzxkwfaeonf/ kwfjcnf;yif vif;&Sifu vuf0g;ESpfzufvHk;udk
dkufwGef;vkduf\/ wGif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u aemufodkY oHk;vSrf;qkwfvkduf&\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJrS ... ]][m .. 'kuyJ/ q&mawmfMuD; IH;awmhrSmygvm;}}
odkYaomf tawG;rqHk;ao;rDrSmyif q&mawmfMuD;u vuf0g;apmif;oHk;csuf dkufxkwfvdkufjyefonf/ vif;&Sif
rSm wpfcsufudk wpfvSrf;EIef;jzifh aemufokYd oHk;vSrf; jyefqkwfvkduf&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
825
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]awmfygao;&JU}} ... oufjyif;cs&if; vifh[lcsKH;u ajymvdkufrdonf/

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
826
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;&Sif\ rarQmfvifhaom wkdufuGufaMumifh tm;vHk;yif kwfkwfoJoJ jzpfukefMuawmh\/

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\/ onfrSm vlYtoufu,faom dkufcsufjzpf\/ &efol\ ta&;MuD;aomae&mudk wkdufcdkufrSom &efolonf
olYvufxJrS om;aumifudk vTwfcsum xkddkufcsufudk a&Smifwdrf;ckcHayrnf/
tm;vHk;u q&mawmfMuD;\ dkufcsufudk awGU&aomtcg csD;usL;vdkufMuonf/ vif;&Sifonf &Dcsef;udk
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_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
827
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oHk;yGJ,SOfjydKifjcif;
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qkwfoGm;&\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS ajymvdkufrdonf/
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atmfum ckefqkwfvdkuf\/ usdvifxefu oHk;Mudrfqufwkduf xkd;vkdufonfwGif vif;&Sifuvnf; oHk;MudrfpvHk;
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&if q&mMuD;vif;&Sifu 'Davmuf b,fa&SmifaervJ}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
828
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
eufeJxl;qef;onfh okdif;ynm &Sdvdrfhrnf[k vHk;0rrSwfxifcJhacs/

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omreftcsdefrsm;rSmqkdvQif jidrfoufpGmxkdif twGif;tm;ynm avhusifhvu
dk fjyD; a&m*gudk ukavh&Sdaomfjim;
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r&Sdawmhojzifh vif;&Sifonf ol\ twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;udk xkwfoHk;&avawmh\/
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vuf0g;wGif twGif;tm; Avmewdjzpfaeonfudk awGU&av\/ vif;&Sif\tjzpfrSm a&aomufvkdol
wpfa,mufu a&ykdufudk yg;pyfwGifawhjyD; pkyfvdkufaomfvnf; a&pkyfr&yJ avomvkdufvmojzifh 'kua&muf
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pdkufMunfhaeqJ/ vif;&Sifonf taMumydwf cHvdkuf&ouJhodkY jzpfum wpfudk,fvHk; rvIyf&Sm;Ekdifawmhacs/
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ajczsm;vufzsm;rsm; at;pufaeonfudk awGUvdkufaomtcg aMumuftm;vefYtm;ESifh atmfvdkufawmh\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
829
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vaygif;rsm;pGm Mumayrnf/
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MuD; usdvifxef&JU vufpGrf;udk prf;Munfh&awmhrSmaygh}}
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]rdk;bk&ifMuD;} qdkwJh *kPfyk'f[m ao;wJh ausmfMum;rIr[kwfygbl;/ wu,fhudk ausmfMum;aywmyJ/ cifAsm;udk
usKyfawGUcsifaewm MumjyD/ 'DuaeYawmh awGUkHruyJ okdif;ynmyg zvS,f&awmhr,f}}
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h Hk;a,mufwGif
yg0ifonf r[kwyf gvm;/ &SefY0efYxif;u jiif;y,f&ef cufaeojzifh awGa0aeckduf vif;&Sifu atmfvkduf\/
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&ufykcRefu ab;bDudk wpfcsuf MunfhvdkufonfESifh xkdtcsufudk &dyfrdoGm;\/
]]'kuyJ/ acG;aumifav;u ighudkaMumufvdkY jyefrwkduf&Jayr,fh tck[mu jyefwkdufwmxufawmif qkd;ae
w,f/ 'DavmufMumatmifvJ wkdufaewmawmif rEkdifEkdifawmh igu bmaumif jzpfoGm;jyDvJ/ 'DMum;xJrSm olu
ighudk wpfcsufrSrwkdufbl;/ iguom twif;w&Murf;wkdufaeawmh ighodum b,f&SdawmhrvJ/ *dkPf;csKyfvkdYom
qkdw,f udk,fhwynfhawmif rEdkifygvm;vdkY txifcH&awmhrSmaygh ... acG;aumif ... acG;aumifav;}}
zl;vifrSm wkdufyGJudkMunfh&if; pdwfroufrom cHpm;vdkuf&\/ olYEw
I frS MudwfrEkdifcJr& ajymvdkurf donf/
]]vifh[lcsKH;u 'DavmuftavQmhay;aewmudk olu bmjzpfvdkY rnmrwm qufwkdufae&wmvJ/ rsufESm
ylp&m aumif;vkdufwmaemf}}
vif;&Siu
f rl ...
]]tif; .. 'Dvkdom &ufykcRefu t&Sufr&SdyJ qufwkdufae&if vifh[lcsKH;awmh touftE&m,f&Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh
pum;emxkd;jyD; ppfrsufESmopfzGifhrSyJ vifh[lcsKH; oufomr,f}}
tawG;qHk;onfESifh vif;&Sifu pum; pvdkufonf/ ]]&SefY0efYxif; ... 'Dwpfacguf igwkdY a&Smifvifausmif;xJ
a&mufvmwm rsufpda&m em;a&m yGifhoGm;wmyJ}}
]][kwfw,f *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ... odkif;avmuu xdyfoD;odkif;q&mMuD;awG tm;vHk;eJY awGUvdkuf&wmudk;}}
]]'gayr,fh xdyfoD; okdif;q&mMuD;awG xJrSmrS wpfa,mufaomolu ydkawmfw,fuG}}
]]b,folvJ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ...}}
]]tJonfvlu vQKdU0Sufodkif;ynm&yf wpfckudk avhusifhxm;wmuG/ wu,fhudk vufzsm;cg&avmufatmif
awmfaywmyJ}}
]][m ... *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU yg;pyfuawmif xkwfajym&w,fqdak wmh wu,fhudkawmfrSmyJ/ bmokdif;ynmvJ
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ...}}
]]qifom;a& rsufESmokdif;wJh}}
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ... uRefawmfMum;zl;wmawmh odkif;ynmqkdwm vuf? ajc? 0rf;Adkuf? udk,fcEmawGrSmom
avhusifhwmyJ/ rsufESmrSmavhusifhwJh odkif;ynmawmh wpfcgrS rMum;zl;bl; ... ajymjyygOD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
834
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DvkdavuGm ... qif&JUom;a&u t&rf;xlw,fr[kwfvm;uG/ qifom;a&okdif;ukd avhusifhxm;&if

ta&jym;awGu xlvmjyD; awmfkHvufeufudk rrIawmhbl;aygh/ tck'Dvlu ]qifom;a&} dk;dk;r[kwfbl;uG/
]qifom;a& rsufESmokdif;} qkdwmudkavhusifhxm;wm/ 'Dawmh olYrsufESmu ydkxlwmayghuGm}}
]]w,fpdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;wmyJ/ 'Dodkif;ynmu b,f*dkPf;u odkif;ynmvJ rodbl;aemf}}
]]a[hat; ... tckrS xGifxm;wm ... 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; .. bmwJh .. opm&Sif "m;orm; &ufykcRefudk,fwkdif
wDxGifvkdufwJh odkif;ynmuG/ ... ayghao;ao;awmh r[kwfbl;aemf/ awmfkHvlu ]qifom;a& rsufESmokdif;} udk
roHk;0Hhbl;uG}}
]]w,f[kwfygvm;/ opm&Sif"m;orm; &ufykcRefqkdwm "m;odkif;eJY emrnfMuD;wmr[kwfvm;/ olu tck
]qifom;a& rsufESmokdif;} udk xyfjyD; wDxGifavhusifhwm bmvkyfrvdv
kY J/ ... aMomf .. odjyD/ olYynmudk wdk;yGm;
oxuf wkd;yGm;rsm;jym;atmif vkyfrvdkYjzpfr,f/ ... 'geJY tJ'Dokdif;ynmudk avhusifhwJh tusKd;aus;Zl;uav;udk
ajymjyygOD;cifAs}}
]]'guawmh igvJ tukefrodbl;uG/ ... [J[J ... igodoavmufuawmh tusKd;aus;Zl;awGu ajymrukefbl;
wJh/ igu 0gqef;*dkPf;u r[kwfawmh twGif;usus rodbl;av}}
vif;&SifESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYESpfa,mufu tay;t,lnDpGm twkdiftazmufESifh &ufykcRefukd oa&mfvkduf?
ceJYvdkuf? vkyfaeMuonfudk zl;vifu tvGefa'goxGufrdonf/ odkYaomf xkda'gorsm;onf tjyifokdY a&mufrvm
acs/ olrudk,fwkdifu olra,mufsm;udk rausreyf jzpfaerdonf r[kwfygavm/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
835
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ESif;awm
rnfonfhpum;udkrQ rMum;onfhtvm; &ufykcRefu wkdufcdkufaeonf/ wkdufae&if;rS olYudk,fudk ab;buf
odkYwdrf;um aemufzufokdY kwfw&uf vSnv
fh dkufonf/
"m;uGufrSm 0gqef;*kdPf;\ oD;oefY"m;uGufjzpfonf/ ]om;rkduftdrjf yef} [k trnf&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;u
tomt,myif olY"m;jzifh umvdkuf\/
&ufykcRefu olY"m;udk tay:rS atmufodkY qGJcsvdkufonf/ onftuGufurl ]vufurf;MudKqkd} [k trnf&
\/ &ufykcRefu xyfrH "m;ESpfcsuf xdk;xkwfvdkufjyefonf/ xkdtuGufrsm;udk awGUvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm
kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;jyD; aemufodkY ajcESpfvSrf;qkwfvdkufrd\/ olYrsufESm 0rf;omaom t&dyfta,mifrsm;
,Suforf;vmawmhonf/
&ufykcRefu aemufxyf "m;csufwpfcsuf xkwfvdkufjyef&m vifh[lcsKH;u aemufodkY xyfqkwfoGm;jyef\/
ab;y&dowfrsm; rnfodkYrQ em;rvnfawmhyJ jzpfum ...
]]&ufykcRef&JU 'D"m;uGufawGu bmrsm;xl;qef;aevdkYvJ/ 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU uav;upm;wJh tajccH "m;uGuf
awGyJudk ... vifh[cl sKH;u bmjzpfvdkY rckcHEkdifyJ jzpfae&wmvJ}}
wu,fhtjzpfum; xkd"m;uGufrsm;onf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vdefvdefwkdY\ udk,fydkif wDxGifxm;aom "m;uGufrsm;
jzpfav\/ t&ifwkef;u xdk"m;uGufrsm;udk &ufykcRef rod&Sday/ ,ckawmh &ufykcRefu xkd"m;uGufrsm;udk
xkwfjyvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefved fYudk awG;rdum pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;jcif; jzpfawmh\/
xkdtcdkufrSmyif &ufykcRefu "m;uGufrsm; ajymif;vkdufjyef\/ 0gqef;"m;uGufwpfuGufjzpfaom ]om;ruf
e*g;pD;} qkdonfh "m;uGufyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH; awGa0oGm;awmh\/ q&mu rdrdtm; wpfpHkwpfck ajymaejcif;
yifavm/
xdkpOfrSmyif &ufykcRefonf ]om;rdkuftdrfjyef} rSp ]om;rufe*g;pD;} txd apmapmutpDtpOftwkdif;
wpfuGufjyD; wpfuGuf jyefwkdufawmh\/
xdyfoD;odkif;orm;wpfa,muftzdkY oHk;jyD;om;odkif;uGufudk jyefoHk;cJvSonfjzpf&m ab;ywfvnfrS odkif;ynm
&SifMuD;rsm;onf em;rvnfEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;url ,ckrS em;vnfoGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRefu aemufxyfwpfMudrf ]om;rdkuftdrfjyef} "m;uGufudk oHk;vkdufonfwGif vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJrS ...
]]q&mu ighudk "m;uGufeJY pum;ajymaewmudk;/ om;rdkufwpfa,muf tdrfjyefvm&if ... vufurf;MudKqkd
r,f/ aemufjyD;awmh ... ]om;rufe*g;pD;} qkdwmu ... ighudk vdefvdefeJY ay;pm;r,fqdkwJh oabmaygh}}
odkY em;vnfoabmayguf vkdufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm 0rf;omvHk; qdkYoGm;awmhonf/ vdefvdefESifh
vifrdefusuf cspfMudKufaerSef; olodonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap? orD;rdef;uav;jzpfaom vdefvdefrSm zcifjzpfaom
ol\ tpDtrHudk emcHaeusjzpfojzifh vifh[lcsKH; pdwfxJrS ...
]]ig 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ jyef0ifvdkY&&if trsm;MuD;uHaumif;aejyD/ nDrav; vdefvdefeJY vufxyf&&ifawmh tydkqk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
836
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
MuD;yJ/ ewfjynfa&mufwmxufawmif pdwfcsrf;omOD;r,f/ vdefvdefawmh tprSm pdwfqif;&JrSmayghav/ 'gayr,fh

ightcspfudk em;vnfoGm;&if aeom;xkdifom; usoGm;rSmyg}}
xdktawG;udk awG;vdkufrdaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmwpfckvHk; ysm;&nfqrf;xm;onfhES,f jyHK;csKdvmawmh
\/ xdktcsdefwGif &ufykcRefu ]om;rkduftdrfjyef} qdkonf"m;uGufudk jyefoHk;vmonf/ onfwpfMudrfwGif
xkd"m;uGufrSm tvGev
f sifjrefvSojzifh pdwfr&Snfonfh oabmrsm; yg&Sdaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u aemufwpfrsKd; pOf;pm;rdjyef\/
]]q&muawmh ighudktIH;ay;cdkif;aejyD/ igvnf; 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ jyef0ifEkdifr,f/ nDrav;vdefvdefeJY vufxyf
&r,f/ ighb0awmh aysmfp&m aumif;jyD/ ... 'gayr,fh ... vif;vif;uawmh b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ/ olwkdY oHk;a,muf
a&Smifvifausmif;rSm q,fESpftcsKyfcH&r,f/ touf&Sifvsuf xGufoGm;zkdY rvG,fawmhbl; ... ighwpfa,mufwnf;
&JU tusKd;twGuf olwYt
kd m;vHk;ukd 'kua&mufatmif vkyfrvm;}}
pOf;pm;ae&if;rS &ufykcRef\ "m;uGufrsm;ukd ckcHvdkufrdonf/ olYudk,folvnf; jyefvnf oHk;oyfrdonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; .. rif;aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;prf;/ nDrav; vdefvdefu rif;tay: b,favmuf opm&SdovJ/ ...
rif;r&SdawmhwmeJY vifrdefusufeJY cspfMudKufaejyD/ ]wpfcsKHuG,f wpfr,farh} qkdwmrsKd;yJ/ vif;vif;udk Munfhprf;/
rif;twGufeJY olYtoufudk pGefYvTwfr,fh rdef;uav;rsKd;/ ... yxrrdef;uav;udk vufxyfjyD;awmh olYudk
a&Smifvifausmif;xJrSm aoao&Sif&Sif ypfxm;rvkdYvm;/ tJonfvkdvkyf&if rif;avmufrdkufwJhvl avmurSm &Sdyg
OD;rvm;}}
uJhokdY aocsmpOf;pm;vkdufjyD;aemuf olYpdwf"gwfrsm; wnfMunfajzmifhrwf vmawmhonf/ axGjym;aom
tawG;rsm; aysmufuG,foGm;jyD; qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckudk ydkifEkdifpGm csrSwfvdkufawmh\/
]]vif;vif;tay: igopmrazmufEkdifbl;}}
tawG;ESifhtwl vifh[lcsKH;\ aoG;rsm;onfvnf; [kef;ueJuefMuGvmjyD; olYvufudk vsifjrefpGm vIyf&Sm;vdkuf
rdawmh\/ xkdtcgwGif ]xef;} ueJ toHwpfcsuf jrnfoGm;jyD; "m;wpfacsmif; Murf;jyifay: usoGm;avawmhonf/
ab;rS&yfMunfhaeoltm;vHk;u ][if} ueJ? ][m} ueJ a&GwfvdkufrdMu\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf wpfcsufrQ ,drf;,dkifoGm;jyD; taotcsm Munfhvkdufonf/ &ufykcRefwpfa,muf aemufjyef
ckefqkwfoGm;avjyD/ olYrsufESmonfum; a'goaMumifh aMumufrufzG,f&m pdrf;jymaeawmh\/
ynm&Sd olawmfaumif;wdkYonf vufckyfxJ&Sdaom rD;yGm;udk tjyifrSrD;pmrsm;tay:odkY rusap&yJ vufckyf
wGif;yif jidrf;atmif Mudwfe,fouJhodkY rdrdwdkY\ trsufa'goudk Mudwfe,facszsufypfMuonf/ ,ck &ufykcRef
rSmum; vufckyfxJ&Sdaom rD;yGm;udk tjyifwpfyg;aom trIdufrD;pmrsm;tay:odkY csypf&ef tqifoifh&Sdaeonfh
tjyif ol\tonf;ESvHk;ESifh OD;aESmufrsm;xJodkYyg xdk;odyfxnfhoGif;um a'gorD;vQHrsm;udk tvQHwjiD;jiD; awmuf
avmifapawmh\/
&ufykcRef\ nmvuf aoG;rsm;pD;usae\/ vifh[lcsKH;\"m;OD;vnf; aoG;rsm; wpufpufusae\/
xdktcsif;t&mudk jrifvkdufawmhrS tjzpfrSefudk vifh[lcsKH; odvdkufawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf
jzpfoGm;um olYq&mvufudk "m;jzifh xdk;vkdufrdjyD;avjyD/
csufcsif;yif vifh[lcsKH;u olY"m;udk ypfcsvkdufjyD; aMuuGJ 0rf;enf;pGm awmif;yefvkdufonf/
]]q&m ... uRefawmf ... wynfhtrdkuftrJudk cGifhvTwfyg q&m&,f}}
odkYaomf &ufykcRefu &Suf&rf;&rf;jyD; vifh[lcsKH;\&if0udk ywfuefvdkufav\/ uefcsufrSm jyif;xefvSojzihf
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vGifhxGufoGm;awmhonf/ jyeftuswGif yg;pyfrSaoG;rsm; xkd;tefvdkufjyD;aemuf owdvpfoGm;av
awmh\/
olrnfrQMumonftxd owdvpfaeonf rqkdEkdif/ todjyef0ifvmvmjcif; yxrqHk; owdjyKvdkufrdonfrSm
wpfukd,fvHk; csrf;pdrhfaejcif;yifwnf;/ rsufpdzGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg pl;&Saom tvif;a&mifaMumifh rsufvHk;rsm;
usdef;pyfoGm;ojzifh csufcsif;yif jyefrSdwfvdkuf&\/
vif;vif;u 0rf;omtm;&jzihf atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]azaz ... ol ... ol ... owd&vmjyD}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
837
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;&Si\
f wHkYjyefoHudkrl rMum;&acs/ onfwpfMudrf rsufvHk;zGifhMunfhvkdufaomtcg olYtm; pdkufMunfhae
aom vif;vif;\rsufESm 0if;yyav;udk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u x&ef[efjyifvkdufaomtcg
vif;vif;u wm;vdkuf\/
]]rxeJYOD;/ cPavmuf vSJaeygOD;}}
ywf0ef;usifudk a0hMunfhvdkufaomtcg ausmuf*lwpfckxJwGif a&mufaeaMumif; vifh[lcsKH; odvdkufonf/
csufcsif;vdkvdkyif &ufykcRefu olYudkuefvkduo
f nfudk owd&vdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u tavmwMuD; ar;vkduf
onf/
]]vif;vif; ... q&m ... q&maum}}
vif;vif;u ...
]]tpfudku olYudk q&mvdkY ac:aewkef;yJvm;/ tpfudkYtaeeJY olYudk q&morm;qkdjyD; av;av;pm;pm; tavQmh
ay;cJhwmawmif olu&uf&ufpufpuf ajcaxmufeJY uefvkdufao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wwGwfwGwf a&Gwfaerd\/
]]ig .. igu q&mhvufudk "m;eJY xdk;rdwm}}
]]bmvJ ... tpfudku aemifw&aejyDaygh .. [kwfvm;}}
]]vif;vif; .. q&meJY q&mru ighudk arG;rxkwfkHygyJ/ auR;aus;Zl;awG &Sdygw,f/ olwdkYaMumifh igvljzpf
vmwmyg}}
vif;vif;u aMuuGJoHuav;jzifh ...
]]tpfudk .. tpfudku uRefrtwGufeJY q&mhudkawmifjyefjyD; apmfum;rdw,faemf/ uRefrav ... uRefrpdwfxJrSm
...}}
vif;vif;\ acgif;uav; iHkYoGm;jyD; rsufESmwpfckvHk; yef;aoG;a&mif xvmawmhonf/ vif;vif;\
&SufaoG;jzmaom rsufESmav;udk awGUvdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm &ifwodrfhodrfh ckef&jyefonf/
vif;vif;\ vufuav;wpfzufudk vifh[lcsKH;u vSrf;qkyfvkdufrdonf/ vif;vif;u El;nHhjiifomaom
avoHuav;jzifh ...
]]uRefreJY awGUcJhwmudk tpfudkaemifw&aejyDvm;[if}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;udkoGifoGifcg,rf;&if; ...
]]r&ygbl;/ bmudk aemifw &&rSmvJ/ rif;u ightwGuf a&Smifvifausmif;rSm towfcH&awmhravmuf
pGefYpm;cJhao;wm/ iguvnf; jyefjyD; toufpGefY&J&rSmaygh/ 'DvkdrS rif;&JU aus;Zl;udk jyefqyfEdik fawmhrSmaygh}}
]]tpfudk ... bmjzpfvdkY 'Dpum;rsKd; ajym&wmvJ? tpfudkY&ifxJrSm uRefrudk wpdrf;wpfa,mufvkd oabmxm;
aewkef;yJvm;[if}}
wGif olYpum;rSm;oGm;rSef; odvu
kd f&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; &Sif;jyvdkuf&onf/
]]r[kwfygbl;/ tJonft"dyg,feJY r[kwf&ygbl;/ igu rif;twGuf b,fenf;eJYrqkd pGefYpm;0Hhw,fvdkY ajym
wmyg/ aemufq&kd if onfvdk wpdrf;qefwJh pum;awG rif;rMum;ap&ygbl;}}
vif;vif;\ rsufvHk;xJwGif MunfEl;0rf;omaom t&dyfta,mifrsm; wvufvuf awmufyvmawmh\/
olru MunfE;l aomfvnf; r0Hhr&J avoHuav;jzifh ..
]]tpfudk ... tpfudku uRefrudk ESpfodrfhaewmvm;/ &ifxJu wu,fajymaewmvm;[if}}
]]MuHMuHzefzef vif;vif;&,f/ &ifxJu pum;awGyg/ b,fES,fhvdrn
f m ajym&rSmvJ/ nmajymw,fqkd&if
ighacgif;udk rdk;MudK;tpdwfpdwf cGJygapvdYk usdef&Jygw,f}}
wGif vif;vif;onfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\vufudk jyefvnfqkyfudkif xm;vdkufrd\/ olr\ b0wpfouf
wmwGif tcsdefuav;onf taysmfTifqHk;aom tcsdefav;yifwnf;/ twefMumrS vif;vif;u jznf;nif;pGm
ajymvkdufonf/
]]aemifwpfcsdefcsdefrSm tpfudkom opmazmufoGm;&ifawmh rkd;MudK;ypfp&mrvkdbl;/ uRefrudk,fwdkif vdkufowf
rSm odvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
838
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ausmcsrf;oGm;aomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;u &,farmvkdufjyD; ...

]]ightoufudk u,fcJhwm rif;ygyJ/ rif;u,fwJh toufukd jyefvkdcsif&if tcsdefraG; jyef,lEkdifygw,f
vif;vif;&,f}}
vif;vif;u wcpfcpf &,f&if; ...
]]olrsm;awGu tpfudkYudk uysufuacsmf vlysuf? vlIyfvlayGvYkd ajymMuw,f/ tpfudkuvnf; tpfudkyJ/
pum;ajymvkduf&if b,fawmhrS wnfwnfMunfMunfr&Sdbl;/ uRefruvnf; bmjzpfvkdYrSef;rodbl;/ TwfTwf
aemufaemuf vlrsKd;udkrS oabmusrdaew,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; &,fumarmum jyefpvkdufonf/
]]igurif;udk b,fwkef;ursm; uysufuacsmf vkyfcJhzl;vkdYvJ? rif;uajymaerSawmh uysufuacsmf vkyf&awmh
rSmyJ}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;rSm okefrIefoGm;jyefonf/
]]uRefru tpfudkYtay: apwemaumif; xm;cJhw,f/ 'gudkawmh tcGifhta&; r,leJYaemf/ bmvJ uRefrudk
ayghysufysuf rdef;uav;vkdY oabmxm;w,faygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u t&,frysufyJ ...
]]igu rif;udk b,fwkef;ursm; ayghysufysufrdef;uav;vkdY oabmxm;cJhvdkYvJ/ rif;u bGm;bGm;yJ[m/ ighudk
vSnfhMunfhcGifhawmif ray;cJhwJh bGm;bGm;yJ/ b,frSm ayghysufysuf jzpfEkdifrvJ}}
ae&modkY a&mufaomtcg vif;vif;pdwfqkd;ajyoGm;jyD; cpfueJ &,frdawmh\/ xkdpOfrSmyif vifh[lcsKH;u
wpfpHkwpfckudk owd&vdkufrdjyD; ...
]]vif;vif; ... rif;udk ar;p&m wpfck&Sdw,f/ ar;rvdkYBuHxm;wm MumaejyD/ wpfcgrS rar;jzpfbl;/
ighpdwfxJrSm odyfjyD; tHhMoaewJh tcsufwpfcsuf &Sdw,f/ avmifxkd? usLcsef;wdkYeJY usefwJh odkif;orm;awGu rif;udk
bmjzpfvdkY t&rf;udk aMumufGHUdkaoaeMuwmvJ}}
]]tazu aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qkdwm tpfudkodjyD;jyDaemf/ aemufydkif;rSm wHk;zef;yku tuGuf
qifjyD; tazhudk zrf;csKyfvdkufw,f/ tjyifrSmawmh *dkPf;om;awGudk tazaooGm;jyDvdkY vdrfnmajymxm;w,f/
'ghtjyif tazraocifrSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk qufcHzdkY olYudk aG;cs,foGm;w,fvdkYajymjyD; *kdPf;csKyfae&m
,lvdkufwmyJ/ tJonfwkef;u uRefr i,fi,fav;yJ &Sdao;wmaygh/ wHk;zef;yku odyfjyD; aumufuspfyg;eyfw,f/
tvkyfvkyf&if odyfjyD; yd&daooyfw,f/ tMuHyufpufwmudk b,folrS r&dyfrdEkdifcJhbl;/ tifrwefvnfwJhvl
qdkawmh uRefrudk txl;tcGifhta&;awGay;jyD; ajrmufpm;xm;w,f/ zwqdk;av;qdkjyD; uRefrajymorQ bmwpfckrS
rjiif;bl;/ 'gaMumihf uRefrwkdY *dkPf;om;awGtay:rSm uRefr&JU wefcdk;tmPmu odyfMuD;aewmaygh}}
]]'gqdk [dkvlawGtm;vHk;u rif;wkdY*dkPf;om;awG csnf;yJaygh}}
]][ifhtif; ... olwkdYu *dkPf;om;awG r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;&JU xdef;csKyfrIatmufrSm &Sdw,f/ tpfudk
em;IyfoGm;jyDxifw,f/ olwkdY&JU *kdPf;csKyfawG? *kdPf;acgif;aqmifawG tm;vHk;[m uRefrwkdY*dkPf;&JU ]]OD;aESmufpm;}}
aq;vHk;awG pm;xm;Mu&w,f r[kwfvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ][m} ueJ jzpfoGm;\/
vif;vif;u qufjyD; &Sif;jyonf/
]]'D ]OD;aESmufpm;} aq;vHk;udk pm;vdkufwJhvl[m wpfESpfwpfcg ajzaq;pm;&w,f/ 'Dvdkrpm;&if tqdyfu
csufcsif;wufvmawmhwmyJ? tqdyfwufvm&if rIrvS a0'emcHpm;&NyD; ao&wmyJ}}
vif;vif;\ pum;rsm;udk em;vnfoGm;aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm ausmdk;xJrS pdrfhwufvmawmh\/
]]wHk;zef;yku vufatmufi,fom;awGeJY qufqHwJhae&mrSm odyf&ufpufw,f/ enf;enf;oabmruswmeJY
ajzaq;ray;awmhbl;/ tJonfvdk tcgwkdif;rSm uRefru ajzaq;awmif;jyD; ay;&w,f/ uRefrawmif;&if
wHk;zef;yku b,fawmhrS rjiif;bl;}}
]]aMomf .. vufpowfawmh rif;u olwkdY&JU aus;Zl;&Sif jzpfaewmudk;}}
wpfcsdefwkef;u aygifwm;ajymcJhaom pum;rsm;udk vifh[lcsKH; jyefowd&rdonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
839
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU aq;vHk;udkpm;jyD;&if *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tay: wpfoufvHk; opm&Sdae&r,f/ opmazmufwmeJY

'Daq;vHk;xJu ydk;aumifxGufvmjyD; OD;aESmufudk enf;enf;csif; enf;enf;csif; zJhpm;awmhw,f/ emusifw,f
qdkwmawmh ajymraeeJYawmh/ b,femusifrIrsKd;eJYrS rwlbl;/ tJonftcsdefrSm jyKrlajymqdkyHkawGuvnf; acG;l;jyef
wmxufawmif qkd;ao;w,f}}
xkdaq;vHk;\ oabmudk vifh[lcsKH;odoGm;avjyD/ aq;vHk;udk aomufvdkufjyD; wpfESpfMumvQif aq;vHk;
tcGHrSm aygufuGJoGm;jyD;vQif ydk;aumifxGufvmrnfjzpfonf/ wpfESpfjynfhwkdif; ajzaq;udk rSefrSefpm;aeygrS
aq;vHk;tcGHraygufrNyJ? rysufpD;yJ taumif;yuwd &Sdaeayrnf/
atmufvrf;okid f;orm;rsm;u vif;vif;tm; rQ aMumufGHUaeMujcif;rSm onfaq;vHk;\ ya,m*aMumifh
omwnf;/
vif;vif;u ]]'DvlawGtm;vHk;u aq;vHk;udk,fpD pm;xm;Muwm r[kwfygbl;/ olwkdY&JU q&mMuD;awG
*dkPf;csKyf? *dkPf;tkyfawGu pm;xm;Muawmh tJonfvlawG&JU vufatmufi,fom;awGuvnf; uRefrwkdYukd
aMumufGHUdkaoaeMuwmaygh}}
ajymajymqdkqkdjzifh vif;vif;u &SufjyHK;av;jyHK;vkdufum ...
]]'DvkdvlawGudk acgif;aqmifvm&wm pdwfnpfoGm;ovm;tpfudk/ uRefrawmh tpfudkvmu,fzkdY MudK;pm;ae
w,fqdkwm Mum;&wmeJY odyf0rf;omwmyJ/ [dkvlawGu r[kwfwkwfawG avQmufajymaeMuw,f/ uRefru
tpfudkYtay:rSm odyfaumif;ayr,fh tpfudkuawmh uRefrudk *krpdkufyJeJY tjyifrSm wjcm;rdef;uav;awGeJY
IyfayGaeowJh/ uRefrudk vmu,frSm r[kwfbl;wJh/ tckawmh olwdkYajymwmawG r[kwfbl;qdkwmudk tpfudku
acszsufjyvku
d fwmyJ}}
vif;vif;\ pum;oHav; wkd;oGm;jyD; ...
]]tckvdk tpfudku MuD;MuD;us,fus,f vkyfjyvdkufawmh okdif;avmuMuD; wkefvIyfoGm;wmaygh/ aemufjyD;awmh
... uRefrodum vnf; wufoGm;wmaygh/ tckqkd&if uRefrav .. aor,fqkd&if aoaysmfygjyD}}
vif;vif;\ tqHk;owfpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsm;pGmpdwfxdcdkufoGm;jyD; &Sif;jyvdkuf&
\/
]]igaovkajrmyg; jzpfaewkef; rif;u a&Smifvifausmif;udkac:vmjyD; aq;ukay;wJhudpudk igvHk;0rodbl;/
ESif;qDa*[m&JU ajratmufcef;rSm tydwfcH&jyD; vGwfvmawmhrSyJ tJ'Dowif;udkod&wm/ csufcsif;vmru,fawmh
'Daumif vif;vif;udk ta&;rxm;bl;vdkY rxifygeJYaemf/ igowif;Mum;Mum;csif; vmcJhwmyJ/ ... igta&muf
aemufusvkdY rif;awmh tawmfav; 'kucHvdkuf&w,fr[kwfvm;}}
vif;vif;u auseyfpGmjzifh ...
]]'kuawmh rcH&ygbl;/ bkef;MuD;awGu uRefrudk ausmuf*lxJrSm tcef;wpfcef; ay;xm;ygw,f/ qef? qD?
qm;eJY [if;oD;[if;GufawGay;w,f/ b,foleJYrSawmh awGUcGifhrjyKbl;ayghav/ aemufydkif; wifh&SefeJY wifh&D
q&mrMuD;awG a&mufvmrS ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;udk awGUcGifh&w,f}}
vif;vif;u a'gooHuav; ygvmjyD; ...
]]tJ'DtcgusrS tpfudkYudk a&Smifvif*P
dk f;&JU ]taMumavQmh twGif;tm; odkif;ynm} oifray;vkdufbl;qdkwm
od&w,f/ 'geJY uRefruvnf; q&mawmfMuD;udk tjypfwifwmaygh/ tJonfrSm q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu uRefrudk
azsmif;zsjyD; pdwfrylzdkY ajymw,f/ tpfudk bmrSrjzpfygbl;wJh/ tck olwdkY ESpfa,mufvmwmuvnf; tpfudku
awmif;yefvdkY uRefrudk vTwfay;zdkY q&mawmfMuD;qDrSm tcGifhyefzkdY vmwmwJh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK; ...
]]tJonfawmh q&mawmfMuD;u qlqlylyl rvkyfbl;vm;}}
]]tpfudkuvnf; ... b,fuvm qlqlylylvkyf&rSmvJ/ 'geJY uRefrvnf; q&mrMuD;ESpfa,mufeJY qif;vmwm
aygh/ vrf;rSm xifaygqkdwJhvleJYawGYw,f/ tJonfrSm olajymawmhrS tpfudku vlawGudkacgif;aqmifjyD; a&Smifvif
ausmif;udk csDwufvmjyDqkdwm od&wm}}
vif;vif;u q&mrMuD;wkdY\ Zmwfodrf;cef;udk owd&vmjyD; rsuf&nfrsm; 0Jvmawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
840
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]xifayg&JU pum;ukdvnf;Mum;a&m q&mrMuD; ESpfa,mufvnf; odyfjyD;pdk;&drfoGm;w,f/ vlpkcGJjyD; tpfudkYudk

tusKd;taMumif; ajymjyzdkY uRefrudk vTwfvdkufw,f/ olwkdYESpfa,mufuawmh ta&;taMumif;&Sd&if ulnDzdkYqkdjyD;
a&Smifvifausmif;udk jyefoGm;MuwmyJ/ tckawmh ... tckawmh olrsm;awGtwGuf ulnDcsifwJh q&mrMuD;
ESpfa,muf aooGm;Mu&SmjyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif;csjyD; ...
]]b,folYvufcsufvJ rodbl;aemf/ bm'Pf&mrSvnf; r&Sdbl;}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]b,folajymvJ 'Pf&m r&Sdbl;vdkY/ 'Pf&m &Sdwmaygh/ q&mrMuD;awG&JU kyfuvmyfudk
awGUawmh tazeJYuRefru t0wftpm;awGcRwfjyD; wpfudk,fvHk;udk ydkufpdyfwdkuf &SmMunfhw,f/ olwkdY ESpfa,muf
vHk;&JU&if0rSm teDpuf tyf&muav; wpfckpDawGUw,f q&mrMuD;awGudk vlowform;u tyfacsmif;eJY xkd;owf
oGm;wm}}
]]bm .. tyfacsmif; ... [kwfvm;/ 'Dokdif;avmuxJrSm tyfacsmif;udk vufeuftjzpf oHk;wJh odkif;orm;rsm;
&SdvdkYvm;}}
vif;vif;u acgif;wpfcgcgjzifh ...
]]rodbl;/ uRefrwkdYrajymeJY tazeJY OD;av;&SefY0efYxif;wkdYawmif rodbl;/ tazeJY OD;av;qdkwmu
odkif;avmutawGUtMuHK tifrwefrsm;wJh vlawGyg/ olwkdYawmif tyfacsmif;udk vufeuftjzpf oHk;wJhvludk
rawGUzl;bl;wJh ... tyf&mawGudk taotcsmMunfhawmh q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefudkxkd;vkdufwJhwpfcsufu ESvHk;eJY
enf;enf;av; vGJaewm awGUw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wufwpfcsuf acgufvdkufjyD; ...
]][kwfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY igawGUwkef;u q&mrMuD;wifh&Sefu pum;enf;enf; ajymEkdifao;wmudk;/ 'gayr,hf
olYudk b,folowfoGm;ovJqkdwmudk rajymoGm;Ekdifwm odyfemwmyJ}}
vif;vif;u pdwftm;xufoefpGmjzifh ...
]]tazu ajymw,f/ tyfudk vufeufvkdoHk;wJhvludkodxm;&if oJvGefp &wmayghwJh/ vlowform; &Sm&wm
rcufcJygbl;wJ}h }
ajrMuD;udk vufjzifh ]jzef;} ueJ dkufvkdufum vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]igtouf &SifaeoaGUawmh q&mrMuD;ESpfa,mufudk owfwJh vlowform;udk rawGUawGUatmif&SmjyD;
aoG;aMuG; jyefqyfr,f}}
vif;vif;uvnf; tHuav; Mudwf ajymvdkuf\/
]][kwfw,f/ jyefjyD; vufpm;acs&r,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ausmuf*leH&HwGif rSDjyD;xdkifvkduf\/ wpfqufwnf;yif olYajcvufrsm;udk vIyf&Sm;Munfh&m
taumif;yuwdtwdkif; vIyf&Sm;EkdifjyD; &if0wGifvnf; rnfonfhemusifrIrQ r&Sdonfudk awGU&aomtcg vGefpGm
tHhMooGm;onf/
]]q&mu ighudkuefvkdufwm awmfawmfjyif;xefwm/ tckawmh igu bm'Pf&mrS r&ygvm;}}
vif;vif;u ...
]]tazu ajymw,f/ tpfudku twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;udk avhusifhxm;awmh olrsm;awG&JUtwGif;tm;udk &xm;
wmrkdY udk,fcHtm; odyfaumif;aew,fw/Jh 'gaMumifh 'Pf&mu odyfrjyif;wm/ aemufjyD;awmh tazuvnf;
tpfudkYtaMumawGukd ESdyfjyD; ukay;xm;ao;w,f}}
]]aMomf .. vufpowfawmh 'DvdkaMumifhudk;}}
vla&SUola&SU wynfhjzpfoltm; IH;oGm;&onfh q&mhtjzpfudk pOf;pm;rdaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsm;pGm
pdwfraumif; jzpfoGm;awmh\/ xkdpOfrSmyif ausmuf*l0rS jyif;xefaom toufIoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/
]]vlwpfa,muf&JU toufIoHudk Mum;&w,f/ b,folrsm;vJ/ rif;tazvm;}}
]]tazeJU OD;av;u tjyifxGufjyD; vrf;avQmufr,fvdkY ajymoGm;wmyJ}}
ausmuf*l0rS toufIoHudk Mum;ae&qJ jzpf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
841
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vif;vif; .. igwkdY tjyifzuf xGufMunfh&atmif}}

ausmuf*ltjyifzuf a&mufaomtcg ausmuf*l0wGif vif;&SifESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYESpfa,muf ykcHk;csif;,SOf
xdkifaeaMumif;awGU&\/ ESpfa,mufpvHk; rvIyfr&Sm; xkdifaeMuonfrSm ausmufkyfMuD;rsm;ESifhyif wlao;awmh\/
vif;vif;u tvefYwMum; atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]azaz}}
vif;&Si\
f nmzufvufudk vif;vif;u qGJvdkufrdaomtcg vufcsif;xdvdkufrdonfESifh olrwpfukd,fvHk;
wkefcgoGm;awmh\/ tvGefat;pufaom tm;vIdif;wpfckonf vif;&Sif\ vufrSwpfqifh vif;vif;xH pD;0ifvm
awmhonf/
csufcsif;yif vif;vif;rSm oGm;csif;dkufcwfvm\/ tat;'Pfudk wif;cH&if; vif;vif;u ...
]]azaz ... b,fvkd jzpfaewmvJ}}
odkYaomf olrajymaeonfh pum;udkyif qHk;atmif rajymEdkifawmhay/ wpfudk,fvHk; wkefcgaeavawmh\/
olrtaejzifh od&SdvdkufavNyD/ vif;&SifrSm usdvifxef\ tat;"gwf twGif;'Pfudk &&SdcJhaomfvnf; wpfcsdefvHk;
awmifhcHxm;cJhonf/ ,cktcsdefrS aygufuGJxGufvmjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
&SefY0efYxif;rSmvJ vif;&Sif\ b,fzufvufudk qkyfudkifxm;onf/ oluvJ ol\twGif;tm;jzifh vif;&Sifudk
ulnDum tat;"gwf twGif;tm;udk wdkufzsufay;aejcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;url tpyxrwGif oabmraygufay/ vif;vif;wpfudk,fvHk; cdkufcdkufwkefaeonfukd
awGUvdkufaomtcg raeEdkifawmhbJ olrvufudk vSrf;qGJvdku\f/ xkdtcg at;pdrhfaom tat;"gwfvIdif;u olYxH
csufcsif;ul;0ifvmawmh\/ xdktcgusrS vHk;0oabmaygufoGm;jcif; jzpfayonf/
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif; wkdufyGJtwGif; usdvifxefqDrS &cJhaom tat;"gwf tqdyfudk vif;&Sifonf ,ckrS
jyefxkwf&ef MudK;pm;aejcif; jzpfawmh\/ em;vnf oabmayguf vdkufonfESifh vif;vif;rSwpfqifh vif;&Siftm;
vifh[lcsKH;u pwifulnDawmh\/
olwdkY av;a,mufpvHk; vIyf&Sm;jcif; rjyKMuacs/ tat;"gwftqdyfukd wdkufzsuf&if; yHkrSeftajctaeodkY
a&muf&ef jidrfoufpGm xdkifaeMujcif; jzpfawmh\/
uJhodkY xkdifaeMuonfrSm rnfrQ tcsdefMumoGm;rSef; rnfolrQ owdrxm;vdkufrdMuacs/ aemufqHk;wGif
jrif;cGmoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ jrif;ESpfpD;u olwkdYzufodkY vmaeonfh toHyifwnf;/ rMumrDyif
vlwpfa,muf\ atmf[pfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]nDrav; ... nDrav; ... igajymwm em;axmifygOD;/ tvsifpvdk rvkyfygeJY}}
vifh[lcsKH; &ifxJ wpfcsufrQ wkefcgoGm;onf/ toHum; &ufykcRef\ toHyifwnf;/ xkdtckdufrSmyif
zl;vif\ toHudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&jyef\/
]]uRefrzmom jyefwmyJ/ tpfudkMuD;eJY bmrS rqkdifygbl;/ tpfudkMuD; bmrS ajymaep&m rvdkbl;/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]q&mru odyfoabmaumif;wm/ q&meJY wpfcgrS pum;rrsm;zl;ygbl;/ tckawmh bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmuf
pdwfqkd;ae&wmvJ rodbl;/ ... q&mr tvGefawmh rjzpfavmufbl;/ q&mu olpdwfqdk;atmif vkyfvdkYyJ jzpfr,f/
q&mru tifrwef onf;cHwwfwmyJ}}
jrif;cGmoHrsm;u &yfoGm;jyD; &ufykcRefESihf zl;vifwkdYu vrf;rv,fwGif &yfvkdufMuonf/
]]nDrav; rif;u bmjzpfvdkY onfavmufawmif a'goMuD;aewmvJ/ tck 'Dtem;rSm b,folrS r&SdMuawmh
bl;/ igwkdY yGifhyGifhvif;vif; aqG;aEG;Muwmaygh/ raumif;bl;vm;}}
]]uRefr a'gorjzpfygbl;/ 'DrSmraecsifawmhbl;/ 0gqef;awmifudkyJ jyefawmhr,f/ tpfudkMuD;u usdvifxef
udk rsufESmvdk rsufESm&vkyfcsif&if tpfudkMuD;yJ aumif;qef;awmifudk vdkufoGm;ayawmh}}
]]bmajymw,f/ igu bmrsm; usdvifxefudk rsufESmvdkrsufESm& vkyfvdkYvJ/ igvkdvlu usdvifxefudk
bmjzpfvdkY rsufESmvdk rsufESm& vkyf&rSmvJ}}
]]tJ'gudkyJ uRefr em;rvnfwm/ tpfudkMuD;u omrefvl r[kwfbl;/ 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfyJav/ *dkPf;csKyfcsif;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
842
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twlwl bmjzpfvYdk usdvifxefudk tavQmhay;ae&wmvJ/ olcdkif;ovkd vkyfae&wmvJ}}

zl;vifu ajymae&if;rS toHrmvmjyD; ]]tck *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; aygif;zdkYudpudk oabmwlvkduf&if uRefrwkdY
0gqef;*dkPf; bmjzpfoGm;rvJ? ... q&mraocif tpfudkMuD;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfae&m qufcHzkdYay;wkef;u bmawG
rSmcJhovJ tpfudkMuD; rSwfrdao;&JUvm;}}
]]q&mu ighudk rSmoGm;w,f/ 0gqef;*dkPf; wkd;wufxGef;um;atmif vkyf&r,fwJh}}
]]uJ ... tck tpfudkMuD; pOf;pm;MunhfygOD;/ uRefrwkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY aumif;qef;*dkPf; yl;aygif;vkduf&if
q&mhudk opmazmuf&m rusbl;vm;/ q&mhpum;ukd y,f&Sm;&m rusbl;vm;/ uRefrwkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;u t&Sdef
t0g odyfrMuD;ayr,fh udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;jyD; udk,fhajcaxmufay: udk,f&yfcJhw,f/ b,fwkef;urS olrsm;MoZm
rcHcJhbl;/ 'DtpOftvmudk uRefrwkdY rxdef;odrf;&if b,folxdef;odrf;rvJ}}
]]nDrav; ... rif; rodbl;aemf/ [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muf&UJ odkif;ynmu igwkdYeJYpm&if b,fvkd
aervJ/ pOf;pm;Munfhprf;}}
]]uRefrwkdYeJY odyfuGmr,f rxifbl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ}}
]]tJ'gudk owdxm;prf;/ q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&DwkdY[m igwkdYeJY odkif;ynmcsif; odyfruGmygbl;/ 'gayr,fh
olwkdY ESpfa,mufvHk; a&Smifvifausmif;xJrSm aoqHk;cJh&w,f/ usdvifxef&JU vufcsuf jzpfzdkYrsm;w,f}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;aomtcg vifh[cl sKH; &ifxJ xdwfueJ jzpfoGm;\/
zl;vifu ...
]]tJ'g bmjzpfovJ/ usdvifxefowfwm aocsm&if oufaotaxmuftxm;&SmjyD; odkif;avmuom;awG
a&SUrSm pGJcsufwif&r,f/ q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muftwGuf vufpm;acsr,fqkd&if tJonfenf;u w&m;trQwqHk;
enf;yJ r[kwfvm;}}
]]rif;ajymwmu vG,fw,f/ 'gayr,fh cufaewmu igwkdYrSm bmoufao taxmuftxm;rSr&Sdbl;/ tJ'g
xuf cufaewmu igwkdYrSm ckdifrmawmifhwif;wJh tiftm; ausmaxmufaemufcH r&Sdbl;}}
]]ckdifrmawmifhwif;wJh tiftm; ... [kwfvm;/ b,fvkdtiftm;rsKd;udk ajymaewmvJ 'Dvdk odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;
eJY oufqkdifaewJh udprsKd;udkusawmh a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;eJY [lwef;*kdPf;csKyfMuD;wkdY&JU
tultnDudk ,l&rSmaygh/ olwkdYom OD;aqmif&if usdvifxef bmvkyf&JrSmvJ/ 'DxufcdkifrmwJh tiftm;udk &Ekid fygOD;
rvm;}}
]]zl;vif rif;ajymwm odyfvG,fwmyJ/ iguawmh aMumufaerdwkef;yJ/ igwkdYqD a&mufvmr,fh Murmqkd;udk
rif; awG;rd&JUvm;/ a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD;eJY [lwef;*kdPf;csKyfMuD;wkdYudk rzdwfac:Ekdifcif igwkdY
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufvHk; [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrMuD;ESpfa,mufaemufudk vdkufoGm;&vdrhfr,f/}}
]][if; [if; [if; ... bmvJ/ tpfudkMuD;u vkyfBuHcH&rSmudk aMumufaeovm;/ &,fzkdYawmif aumif;ao;
w,f/ odkif;avmuom;awGtzkdY aojcif;w&m;qdkwmu '*Fg;wpfck&JU acgif;eJYyef;vkdygyJ/ 'gawGudk aMumufaevkdY
oifhawmfyghrvm;/ [dk[mvnf; aMumuf&? 'D[mvnf; aMumuf&qkd&if bmjzpfvkdY okdif;avmuxJrSm aeawmhrSm
vJ/ odkif;avmuu xGufjyD; tem;,lkH &Sdawmhwmaygh}}
olYq&mr\ &J&Jawmuf pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;u zl;viftm; pdwfxJrS csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]q&mru rdef;rom; qkdayr,fh a,mufsm;awGxufawmif owd&Sdao;w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvnf; q&mMuD;
vif;&Sifu q&mrudk csD;usL;wmudk;}}
xdktckduf &ufykcRefu ...
]]igwkdYESpfa,muf aowmu ta&;rMuD;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh bmrsm; tusKd;&SdovJqkdwm qef;ppfMunfh&r,f/
usdvifxefu vkyfBuH&if igwkdY bkrod brodeJY ao&r,f/ aemufqHk;rSm b,fol tusKd;cHpm;&rvJ/ usdvifxef
yJ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk vuf0g;MuD;tkyfjyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vkyfoGm;rSmyJ}}
zl;vifu jidrfaeojzihf &ufykcRefu qufajymonf/
]]igwkdYESpfa,muf r&Sd&if tjypfrJhwJh 0gqef;*kdPf;om;awG[m usdvifxef&JU"m;pm jzpfoGm;awmhrSmyJ/ igwkdY
jrefjrefao&if olwkdYvnf; igwdkYaemuf jrefjrefvdkuf&rSmyJ/ olwkdYudk b,folu umuG,fay;rvJ/ olwkdYcsnf;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
843
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usdvifxefudk b,fES,fhvkyf wGef;vSefEdkifrvJ/ aemufta&;MuD;wJh tcsufwpfcku orD;av;/ igwkdY&JU orD;av;

vdefvdefYtwGufvnf; xnfhpOf;pm;&OD;r,f ... nDrav; rif;u igwkdY&JUorD;av;udk avmuxJrSm wpfa,muf
wnf; rsufpo
d li,f em;oli,feJY xm;cJh&ufovm;}}
zl;vifu oufjyif;csvdkuf&if; ...
]]xm;vdkufygawmhav/ tckavmavmq,f usdvifxef&JU tMuHtpnfu kyfvHk; ray:ao;bl;/ 'Dawmh
tajctae apmifhMunfhvdkufOD;r,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefrpdwfxJrSm rauseyfwJh tcsufwpfck&Sdao;w,f/ vifrdefusuf
&JU rsKd;dk;tarGjzpfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk usdvifxefvufxJ tpfudkMuD;u bmjzpfvdkY xnfhay;vdkuf&wmvJ/
tJ'gu usm;udk tawmifwyfay;vdkufwmeJY twlwlyJ}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]igvkyfcsifvdkY vkyfvdkufwm r[kwfygbl;/ tajctae tcsdeftcgudkMunfhjyD; vkyfoifhw,fxifvdYk vkyfvdkuf
wmyg/ tcsdeq
f GJvdkufwJh oabmyg}}
]]bmudk tcsdefqGJwmvJ/ olYzmom olae? udk,fhzmom udk,fae/ udk,fhpnf; olYpnf; cGJjcm;jyD;&if bmudk
tcsdefqGJaep&m vdkawmhrvJ}}
]]rif;rodbl;/ tcktcsdef[m olYpnf;ukd,fhpnf; cGJjcm;ae&r,fhtcsdef r[kwfbl;/ tifrwef odrfarGUjyD; ta&;
MuD;wJhtcsdef}}
]]ajymygOD; ... bmjzpfvdkY tcsdefqGJae&wJh taMumif;udk}}
&ufykcRefu ykdrdkav;eufaom toHjzi ...
]]nDrav; ... bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk igu ray;vkduf&if usdvifxefu ighudk b,f,HkawmhrvJ/ tcktcsdef
rSm olu udk,fhudk,HkaezkdY odyfta&;MuD;w,f/ olu ighudk,Hkav/ ightzdkY tvkyfvkyf&wm vG,favyJ/ aemufykdif;
uae olY&JUtxkyfudk ajzcsjyr,fh oJvGefpawG? oufaotaxmuftxm;awG tuGufaphaeatmif &Smxm;&r,f/
tajctaeawG tm;vHk; tqifoifhjzpfwmeJY olY&JU ,kwfrmwJh tMuHtpnftm;vHk;udk azmfxkwfzGifhcsvdkufr,f/
aemufjyD;awmh odkif;avmuom; rdwfaqGawG&JU tultnDeJY tjypf'Pf pD&ifvdkufr,f}}
&ufykcRef\ pdwftm;xufoefpGm ajymvkdufaom pum;rsm;onf xdkteD;wpf0dkuf yJhwifxyfoGm;awmh\/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
844
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twdwfZmwfaMumif;
]]raeYu vifh[lcsKH;eJY wdkufcdkufwkef;rSm bmjzpfvdkY tpfudkMuD;u ]om;rdkuftdrfjyef}? ]vufurf;MudKqdk}?
]om;rufe*g;pD;} qdkwJh odkif;uGufawGudk xyfcgwvJvJ oHk;cJh&wmvJ/ tJ'gu bmoabmvJ}}
&ufykcReftay: b0ifrus jzpfaeaom taMumif;t&m aemufwpfckudk zl;vifu xkwfazmfvkdufjyefonf/
&ufykcRefu rJhjyHK;wpfcsuf jyHK;um ...
]]'Daumifu tusifhpm&dw raumif;wm rSefayr,fh bmyJajymajym igwkdUu auR;arG;okwfoifvmwmyg/ ol
ysufpD;aewmjrifawmh igh&ifxJrSm b,faumif;yghrvJ/ oluom tjrifrSef&&if igu 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ jyef0ifcGifh
ay;rvdkYyJ}}
]]'gudk uRefrvufcHEkdifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufqHk;"m;uGufudk em;rvnfbl;/ bmjzpfvkdY ]om;rufe*g;pD;}
vkdY ajym&wmvJ/ 'Dhtjyif "m;uGufawG trsm;MuD;yg/}}
]]nDrav; ... rif;u odvsufom;eJY ighudk jyefar;aewm r[kwfvm;}}
]]'gjzifh tpfudkMuD;oabmu ... vifh[lcsKH;uom olYudk,fol jyKjyifvkduf&if tpfudkMuD;u vdefvdefeJY olYudk
vufxyfay;r,faygh}}
&ufykcRefu jidrfoufoGm;onf/ pum;onf ta&;MuD;rSef; olaumif;pGm odonf/
]]iguolYudk uwday;vdkufrSawmh oluom ighpum;ukd em;axmifcJh&if iguvnf; ighuwdudk b,fzsufvdkY
jzpfrvJ}}
]]vifh[lcsKH;u raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyf&JU orD;udk MudKufaewm tpfudkMuD; odw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]vifh[lcsKH;vm;/ 'Daumif rMudKufygbl;/ aMumufaewmyg/ 'DaumifMudKufwm vdefvdefyJ/ tonf;pGJatmif
MudKufaewm/ igh"m;uGufawGawGUawmh 'DaumifhrsufESm ysm;&nfqrf;xm;ovkd jzpfoGm;wm rif;rawGUvdkuf
bl;vm;}}
]]tif; ... uRefrawGUvdkufw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'grsKd;udkawmh uRefr rMudKufbl;/ tpfudkMuD;u vdefvdefYukd
ig;pmvkyfjyD; tpfudkMuD;udk vifh[lcsKH;u tIH;ay;atmif vkyfwmr[kwfvm;/ ... awmfawmfaumif;wJh tMuHygyJ}}
em;axmifaeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm MuufoD;arG;nif; xoGm;onf/ olYq&mr\avoHwGif a'gooHru
ceJYaom toHrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ olYwpfoufwGif q&mr rQ a'goxGufaeonfudk wpfcgrQ rMuHKzl;acs/
olYq&mronf q&mhudk tjrJwrf; dkaoav;pm;pGm ajymqkdqufqHcaJh yonf/ ,cktMudrfwGifawmh olr&ifxJ
azmfrjyEkdifavmufatmif rausreyf jzpfae yGifhtefvmjcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xkdYaemufwGifawmh olwkdYESpfa,muf quf pum;rajymMuawmhyJ c&D;qufoGm;Muawmh\/ rnfonfht&yf
odkY oGm;aeaMumif; wpfpGef;wpfprQ rajymMuacs/
rsm;rMumrDyif aemufxyf jrif;ESpfpD; tjyif;ESifvmonfudk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ toHxGufay:vm\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
845
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'Dae&mrSm jrif;cGm&mawG xyfaew,f/ tazeJY tarwkdY cPem;yHk&w,f}}

vdefvdef\ toHjzpf\/ vdefvdefygvQif vifrdefusufvnf; rkcsyg&ayrnf/ xkdcPwGifyif ...
]]'Dvdkqkd&if igwkdYtjrefqHk;vkdufrSyJ/ [kdaemufu vlawG igwkdYukd rSDawmhr,f}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ toHwGif pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm; zHk;vTrf;aeonf/ olwdkY\ aemufwGif &efolrsm; vdkufvm[ef
wlay\/ jrif;cGmoHrsm;udkvnf; Mum;vkduf&onf/ jrif;aumifa&rsm;rSef; toHMum;kHESifh odomvSay\/
&efolrsm;\ tiftm;aumif;rIudk odomapawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]'kuyJ ... 'DaumifawG rDvmawmhr,f/ vdefvdef .. igwdkYjrefjrefajy;rS vGwfvdrfhr,f}}
odkYaomf olwkdYrajy;EkdifMuawmh/ vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwdkY\ jrif;ESpfaumifrSm 0kef;ueJ jydKvJoGm;awmh\/
aemufrS vkdufvmaom &efolrsm;u jrm;jzifh ypfvdkuf[efwlayonf/ olwkdYESpfa,mufrSm rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkif
awmhyJ ajrjyifay:qif;um &efolrsm;udk vSnhf &ifqikd fkHrSwyg; tjcm;enf;vrf; r&Sdawmhay/
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJ vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfae&awmh\/ vdefvdefwdkYudk aESmifh,Sufrnfh&efolrsm; teD;odkY
a&mufjyDudk odvdkuf&csdefwGif ydkpdk;&drfvmonf/ pdwfwnfjidrfrI ysufjym;aeojzifh vif;&Sif\cEmudk,frS tat;
"mwfudk wkdufxkwf&ef tcuftcJ jzpfvmawmhonf/ wpfqufwnf;yif ol\ b,fvufrSm tat;"mwfaMumifh
awmifhwif;vmawmh\/
xkdpOfyif vlwpfodkuf\ w[D;[D; w[m;[m;jzifh atmf[pf&,farmvdkufonfh toHrsm;udk pwifMum;vdkuf
&avawmhonf/
vdefvdefu tvefYwMum;atmfum aemufodkY ckefqkwfoGm;\/
vlwpfa,mufu &,f&if; ...
]]a[; a[; .. 'Dwpfcgawmh rif;wkdY b,fudkvGwfatmif ajy;rvJ ... ajy;prf;ygOD; ... [m; [m; [m;}}
aemufwpfa,mufuvnf; ...
]]'Daumifrav;u kyfav;vnf; odyfrqkd;bl;/ tom;ta&uvnf; jzLjzLazG;azG;qdkawmh t0wftpm;tm;
vHk; cRwfvdkuf&if tawmfav; Munfhaumif;rSmyJ ... [D; [D; [D;}}
xkdpum;aMumifh usefvlrsm;uvnf; [m;wkduf&,farm Muavawmh\/
vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwkdYrSm xkdrQyufpufaompum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg a'gorxdef;Ekdifatmif
jzpfvmMujyD; "m;rsm;udk udk,fpDqGJxkwfvdkuf\/ jyD;aemuf "m;csif;dkufcwfoHrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH; Mum;vdkuf&
awmh\/
vltcsKdUu atmfajymvdkufonf/
]][kdaumifrav;udk igzkdY a0pkxm;}}
aemufwpfa,mufurl ...
]][m; [m; [m; ... 'Dvkdb,f&rvJ/ vlwkdif; tvSnfhus udk,afh 0pk &MurSmaygh}}
vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwkdYrSm ESpfa,mufESifhtrsm; wkdufcdkufaeMu&onf/ usefvlrsm;onf a'goxGufvm
ojzifh 0kdif;tkHum wdkufawmh\/ csufcsif;vkdvydk if vifrdefusufxHrS atmfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&\/ 'Pf&m
&oGm;[ef wlayonf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif vdefvdef\ atmfoHudkyg Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
]]vTwf ... vTwf ... uRefrudk vTwf}}
vlwpfa,muf\ toHudk Mum;vkduf&onf/
]][dkaumifu ajymw,f/ rif;u tom;jzLawmh t0wftpm;r&Sd&if odyfMunfhaumif;rSmyJwJh/ iguawmh
r,Hkcsifao;bl;/ ... b,fvdkvJa[h/ igwdkY'Daumifrav;&JU t0wfawGukd cRwfMunfh&if raumif;bl;vm;}}
usefvlrsm;u vufckyfvuf0g;wD;um w[D;[D; w[m;[m;jzifh atmf[pfaxmufcHMuawmh\/ tajc
taersKd;udk vifh[lcsKH;taejzihf b,fokdYvQif jidrfouf MunfhaeEdkiftHhenf;/ ol\ *dkPf;wlnDrav;tm; vlqkd;
rsm;u apmfum;Muayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;\vufudk vTwfvdkufum "m;udkqGJxkwfvsuf ausmuf*ltjyifoYdk ajy;xGufoGm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
846
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
av\/ ol\ b,fvufrSm tat;"mwf tqdyfaMumifh vIyf&Sm;r&yJ wGJavmif;MuD;jzpfae\/

vlqdk;rsm;onf vlr&Sdaom awmMuD;rsufrnf;[k xifrSwfxm;Mu&m vifh[lcsKH; ajy;xGufvmonfudk jrif&
aomtcg tHhtm;oifhjyD; aMumifoGm;Muonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vlqkd;oHk;a,muf\vnfrsKdudk "m;ESifhxdk;vdkufjyD; csufcsif;yif aemufvSnhfum vlESpfa,mufudk
xyfxkd;vdkufjyef\/
vlqdk;wpfa,mufu vdefvdef\vufudk aemufjyefzrf;vdrfum aemufwpfa,mufu vifh[lcsKH;udk ckwfcs&ef
"m;udk ajrmufvkdufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u wHkYqdkif;jcif;tvsOf;r&SdyJ xdkvl\[muGufjzpfaeaom cg;udk "m;jzifh
vSrf;xdk;vdkuf&m xkdvlrSm "m;udk ckwfcsEkdifjcif; r&SdawmhyJ vJusoGm;&awmh\/
taemufzufrS vufeufrsm; jzwfoef;wdk;0ifvmoHukd Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u "m;csufESpfcsuf
aemufjyefwGuv
f dkufonfwGif vlESpfa,muf\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&\/
olYvlESpfa,muf vJusoGm;onfwGif vdefvdefYudk zrf;csKyfxm;olonf vdefvdefYudk a&SUrSum&if; "m;udk
ajrmufum wkdufckduf&ef [efjyifvdkuf\/ wGif vifh[lcsKH;\vufu &dyfueJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;jyD; olY"m;u vdefvdefY
yg;em;rSuyfum vlqdk;\vnfrsKdodkY xk;d pdkufoGm;awmh\/
xkdvlqkd;onf vifh[lcsKH;\"m;csuf rQ jrefqefonf[k xifrSwfrxm;ojzifh vdefvdefYtm; "m;pmcH vkyfcsdef
r&awmhyJ wpfcsufwnf;ESifh toufxGufoGm;avawmhonf/ olYvnfrsKdrS aoG;rsm;yef;xGufvm&m vdefvdef\
rsufESmESifh vnfyif;wGif ayusHukefawmhonf/
wkdawmif;vSonfh tcsdeftwGif;wGif vludk;a,mufudk xkd;owfvdkuf&m usefvlqkd;rsm;rSm xdwfvefYacsmufcsm;
ukefawmhonf/ usefonfh vlqkd;av;a,mufonf atmf[pf&if; xGufajy;ukefawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ..
]]rif;wkdYu igh&JU *kdPf;wlnDav;eJY nDrav;udk apmfum;jyD;rSawmh xGufajy;vdkU b,f&rvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u aemufrSckefvdkufum vlESpfa,mufudk xkd;owfvdkufjyef\/
usefvlESpfa,mufrSm a&SUwpfa,muf? aemufwpfa,muf vlcGJ ajy;Mu\/ vifh[lcsKH;u olYvufxJrS "m;udk
ypfvdkuf&m tvif;a&mifwef; wpfcktjzpf ajy;xGufoGm;aom vlqdk;\ aemufausmxJodkY xkd;pdkufoGm;awmh\/
t&Sdefjyif;vSaomaMumifh vJusaeolukyd ifa&SUodkY wvdrfhaumufauG; vdrhfqif;oGm;ap\/
taemufzufodkY ajy;oGm;aom vl&rf;um;onfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\vufrS rvGwfacs/ xkdvl\ aemufodkY
vifh[lcsKH;u ajy;vdkufoGm;jyD; vufoD;jzifh xdk;vdkuf&m toHyifrxGufEdkifawmhyJ toufxGuf oGm;avawmh\/
&efolrsm;tm;vH;k &Sif;vif;oGm;onfwGif vifh[lcsKH;onf vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwdkYxH avQmufvmvdkuf
onf/
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ... uRefawmfwkdY&JU toufudk tckvkd vmjyD; u,fwifay;wmudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
]]rjzpfpavmufav;udk pum;xJhxnfhajymraeprf;ygeJY/ rif;vufu 'Pf&m tawmfrsm;vm;}}
]]odyfrrsm;ygbl; tpfudkMuD;}}
&ufykcRefESifh zl;vifwkdY xGufoGm;&mzufodkY vifh[lcsKH;u vufnId;nTefjyvkdufjyD; ...
]]q&meJY q&mrwkdY tJonfzufudk xGufoGm;Muw,f/ rif;wkdY tJonfzufudk vdkufMu}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]][kwfuJh tpfudkMuD;}}
vdefvdefonf vlqkd;rsm;\ jrif;rsm;xJrS ESpfaumifudk qGJ,lvmjyD; ...
]]uRefrwkdY tazeJY taraemufudk vdkufoGm;awmhr,f}}
]]at; ... at; ... tJonfzufukd vdkufMu}}
vdefvdefu jrif;Zufudk wHkYueJ qGJvu
dk fjyD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; pdkufMunfhum ...
]]uRefr ... uRefr ...}}
olronf pum;qHk;atmif qufrajymawmhyJ jrif;udk w[kefxkd;pdkif;um xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
847
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
u olwkdYESpfa,muf\ aemufausmjyifrsm;udk ai;armMunfhIaerdawmhonf/

aemufq;Hk wGif olYjrifuGif;rS vHk;0aysmufuG,foGm;aomtcgrS av;uefaom ajcvSrf;rsm;jzifh ausmuf*l&Sd&m
odkY avQmufvmavawmh\/ vif;&Sif? vif;vif;ESifh &SefY0efYxif;wdkYu rwfwwf&yfvsuf olYudk Munfah eMu\/
vif;&Sif rwfwwf&yfaeonfukd awGUaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omoGm;jyD; ...
]]q&mMuD; aumif;oGm;jyD/ uRefawmfhaMumifhawmh q&mMuD;rSm ab;Oyg'f rjzpfcJhygbl;aemf}}
vif;&Siu
f rJhjyHK;jyHK; ...
]]iguawmh bmrS rjzpfygbl;/ rif;&JU b,fvufu b,fvdk jzpfoGm;wmvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; rJhjyHK;jyHK;jyD; jyefajzvdkufonf/
]]tat;"mwftqdyfaMumifh taMumydwfoGm;wmyg}}
]]aumif;jyD/ tck igu rif;udk b,fbufvuf taMumjyefyGifhoGm;apEkdifwJh enf;udk oifay;vdkufr,f}}
ajymajymqkdqkdjzihf vif;&Sifu avhusifhenf;udk oifMum;ay;vdkufjyD;aemuf ...
]]rif;u igh&JU tat;"mwftqdyfudk uljyD;xkwfay;w,f/ igu rif;&JU b,fvufudk jyefjyD;ukay;w,f/
'Dawmh b,folYb,folrS aus;Zl;wifzkdY rvdkawmhbl;aygh/ ... rif;&JUvuf jyefaumif;zkdYuawmh ckESpf&ufavmuf
Mumvdrfhr,f/}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]tck rif;udk igxyfajymOD;r,f/ [kd;wpfaeYu ESif;qDa*[mrSm rif;udk aerif;ocif*dkPf;xJ 0ifcdkif;wkef;u
rif;u wpfcsufwnf; jiif;w,f/ 'DaeYtajctaeeJY [dkaeYutajctae rwlawmhbl;/ rif;udkig xyfar;OD;r,f/
'Dwpfcgawmh rif;rjiif;bl;vdkY igxifygw,f}}
rnfodkY jyefajym&rSef; rodawmhojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u jidrfoufaerd\/ vif;&Sifu qufajymonfrSm ...
]]twGif;tm;pkyfokdif;udk avhusifhxm;awmh rif;rSm twGif;'Pf&m&aejyD/ wpfaeYus&if rif;udk 'kuay;rSmyJ/
tJonftcgus&if odMum;rif;qif;u,f&ifawmif r&awmhbl;rSwf}}
vif;&Siu
f vifh[lcsKH;udk tuJcwfvdkufjyD;aemuf ...
]]igu pum;udk wpfcGef;yJajymwwfw,f/ rif;taeeJY igh*dkPf;xJudk r0if&ifawmh ighorD;eJY vufxyf&if
awmifrS twGif;'Pf&m ukoenf;udk oifray;Ekdifbl;/ ighorD;u ighudk pdwfqkd;&ifvJ igu *krpkdufbl;/
ighpum;uawmh 'DwpfcGef;yJ/ tckigwdkY wHk;zef;ykudk pm&if;oGm;&Sif;r,f/ rif;igwkdYeJY vdkufrvm;}}
pdwfydkif;jzwfjyD;aom avoHjzifh vifh[lcsKH;u jyefajzvdkuf\/
]]pdwfawmhr&SdygeJY q&mMuD;/ uRefawmfawmh 'DwpfoufrSm q&mMuD;wdkY&JU *kdPf;xJukd b,fawmhrS r0ifyg
bl;/ 'g[m uRefawmfhqHk;jzwfcsufygyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;rSm &Sif;vif;jywfom;vSojzihf vif;&SifwdkY oHk;a,mufvHk; tMuD;tus,f rsufESmysuf
oGm;Muawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u quf&Sif;jyvkdufonf/
]]uRefawmfu wifh&Sef r,foDv&ifMuD;udk uwday;xm;cJhw,f/ [efqef;*kdPf;csKyftjzpf aqmifGufyghr,f
vdkY}}
wGif vif;&SifrSm tHhMovGef;vSojzifh yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpfoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u olY*dkPf;xJ
r0if[kajymwkef;u rQ rtHhMocJhay/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf [efqef;*kdPf;csKyf vkyfrnfqkdaom
pum;url xl;qef;vSojzihf olwkdYem;udk olwdkYr,HkEkdifatmif jzpfaeMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;udk vufnId;wxkd;xkd;jzifh vif;&Sifu atmf[pf&,farm avawmhonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u bmpdwful;aygufoGm;wmvJ/ r,foDv&if oGm;vkyfrvdkYvm;/ igawmh tHhMoygw,f
uGm/ rif;wu,fyJ r,foDv&if *kdPf;csKyf oGm;vkyfrvdkYvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]uRefawmfu a,mufsm;yJ/ b,fvkdvkyf r,foDv&if 0wfrvJAs/ [efqef;*kdPf;csKyf vkyfrSmudk ajymwmyg/
q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu ruG,fvGefcifav;rSm uRefawmfhqDu tJonfuwdudk r& &atmif awmif;oGm;ygw,f/
tJonfuwdudk r&&if taorajzmifhbl;qkdvdkY uRefawmfu uwday;vdkuf&wmyg}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
848
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;&Siu
f awmh tawmrowf quf&,faeonf/ &SefY0efYxif;url pOf;pm;awG;awmae[efjzifh &yfaeonf/
vif;vif;u 0ifajymvkduf\/
]]q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu orD;twGuf aoqHk;oGm;&wmyg azaz/ 'Dtcsufudkawmh rarhoifhygbl;}}
vif;vif;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u aus;Zl;wifpGm vSrf;Munfhvkdufrdonf/ vif;vif;\ pum;aMumifh vif;&SifrSm
t&,f&yfoGm;awmh\/
vif;&Siu
f ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;ay;vdkufwJh uwdtwkdif; rif;aqmifGuf&awmhrSmaygh/ [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f/ q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&DwkdYu uRefawmfhtwGuf uln&D if; aoqHk;oGm;cJh&wmyg/}}
]]aumif;jyD/ 'Dvkdqkdawmh rif;taeeJY [efqef;awmifudk oGm;&awmhrSmaygh}}
]][ifhtif; .. [efqef;awmifudk csufcsif; roGm;Ekdifao;bl;/ a&Smifvifausmif;udk t&ifoGm;&OD;r,f}}
vif;&Siu
f wpfcsufaMumifoGm;aomfvnf; csufcsif;oabmaygufoGm;jyD; ...
]][kwfjyD [kwfjyD ... r,foDv&ifMuD;ESpfyg;&JU tavmif;udk [efqef;awmifudk jyefo,foGm;&OD;rSmukd;}}
]][kwfygw,f}}
vif;&Siu
f vif;vif;zuf vSnfhum ...
]]orD;ua&m ... vifh[lcsKH;eJY vdkufoGm;rSmvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... uRefr azazeJY vdkufr,f}}
]][m; [m; [m; ... [kwfwmaygh/ igeJYvdkufrS rSefw,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;udk vkdufoGm;&if r,foDv&if
jzpfoGm;OD;r,f}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh vif;&Sifu w[m;[m; &,fvkdufjyefonf/ olY&,foH aMuuGJrI tjynfhygaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;&Sifudk *g&0 jyKvdkufjyD; ...
]]q&mMuD;a&m ... tpfudkMuD; &SefY0efYxif;udka&m ... vif;vif;udka&m ... EIwfqufygw,f/ uRefawmhfudk cGifhjyK
ygOD;/ uRefawmfoGm;awmhr,f}}
odkY oGm;&if;rS csufcsif; wHkYueJ jyefvSnfhum ...
]]q&mMuD;wkdY b,ftcsdefrSm r[l&m awmifukef;udk oGm;MurSmvJ}}
vif;&Siu
f cufxefpGm ajymvdkufonf/
]]'gu *dkPf;&JU twGif;a&;udpyg/ tjyifvl odp&m rvdkygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;&SifwkdYonf wpfa,mufoabmudk wpfa,muf em;vnfvdkufMuonf/ vif;&Sifu
wHk;zef;ykudk oGm;a&mufwkdufcdkufvQif ulnDrnf[k vifh[lcsKH;u t&dyftjrGufar;jcif; jzpfonf/ odkYaomf vif;&Sif
u vifh[lcsKH;\ tultnDudk tvdkr&S[
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vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;wpfcsufndwfum ESif;jyifay:wGif usaeaom "m;wpfvufudk aumuf,ljyD; cg;Mum;xJ
xkd;vdkufawmh\/ jyD;aemuf a&Smifvifausmif;&Sd&modkY OD;wnf xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/
naeapmif;wGif a&Smifvifausmif;a&SU a&mufvmcJh\/ olu tusLd;taMumif;&Sif;jyaomtcg q&mawmfMuD;
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ajymrxGufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u onftwkdi;f jyefcJh&avonf/
q,f&ufrQ c&D;qufvkdufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ b,fbufvufrSm taMumrsm; jyefyGifhoGm;jyD; jyefvnf
aumif;rGefoGm;\/ aemufqHk;wGif olonf jrdKUav; wpfjrdKUodkY qdkufa&mufvmcJhonf/
pm;aomufqkdif wpfqkdifudk awGU&ojzifh 0ifjyD; pm;aomuf tm;jznfhvdkuf\/ ESpfopful;csdefe;D jyD jzpfojzifh
vltrsm; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaeMuonfudk awGU&\/ ypnf;rsm; 0,fjcrf;olu 0,fjcrf;aejyD; tdrfoefY&Sif;a&;
vkyfum tvSqifou
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vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif 0gqef;awmifudk owd&aerd\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
849
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tcgwkdif; ESpfawGwkef;uqkd&if 0gqef;rSm tcktcsdefqkd&if tvkyfrsm;aejyD/ tvSjyifwJhvlujyif? oefY&Sif;

a&;vkyfwJhvlu vkyfeJY odyfaysmfp&m aumif;wmyJ/ 'DESpfawmh igwpfa,mufwnf; ysif;ysif;&d&deJY t&ufaomuf
ae&jyD}}
wpfa,mufwnf; awG;aecdkufrSmyif avSum;ay: wufvmaeaom vlwpfa,muf\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&
awmhonf/
]]tmacgifajcmufaewmeJY tawmfyJ/ t&ufaomufvdkuf&&if tmajcmufajyoGm;rSm}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ...
]]tmacgifrajcmufvJ t&ufaomuf&rSmyJ/ t&ufaomufwm[m qdk;wmrS r[kwfwm}}
tjcm;wpfa,mufurl ...
]]t&ufaomufwmu aomufwmyJ/ tmacgifajcmufwmu tmacgifajcmufwmyJ/ tJ'g ESpfcku wpfjcm;pD
uG/ aygif;jyD; rajymeJY}}
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]]t&ufaomufav tmacgifajcmufavyJ/ aygif;jyD;ajymzdkYqdkwm a0;vdkY tJonfudp ESpfcku wjcm;pDyJuG}}
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azmfrjyEkdifavmufatmif 0rf;omoGm;rd\/ csufcsif;yif olu atmfac:vdu
k f\/
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G fwkdY ... usKyf tay:rSm &Sdw,f/ jrefjrefvmcJhMuayawmh/ t&ufaomufMur,f}}
wGif thHzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYu wpfjydKifeufwnf; ckefwufvmjyD; vifh[lcsKH;ukd tvkt,uf ayGUzufMu
avawmh\/
]]igt&if awGUwmuG}}
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]]iguom t&ufaomufzdkY rajym&if igwkdY 'DqdkifxJ b,fa&mufawmhrvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m;&,f&if; ...
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]]bmajymw,f/ igt&ifawGUwmyguG}}
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u vufESpfzufum;um vifh[lcsKH;a&SUrS um&yfvdkufjyD; r,foDv&ifrsm;tm; vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]aiGray;&if vludkray;Edkifbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,farm&if; vSrf;ar;vdkuf\/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
850
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aiGwpfaxmifay;r,fvdkY ajymxm;vdkY tckaiGwpfaxmif awmif;aewmyg}}

tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu ,drf;wdkufxm;onfhtvm; vuf0g;rsm;udk wpfjydKifeuf qefYxkwfvdkufMu\/
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[efqef;awmifudk vdkufcJhMuyg/ ay;r,fvdkY uwdxm;wJh aiGudk tjynfht0&aphr,f}}
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]]at; ... igwkdY vdkuf,lr,f}}
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tvefYwMum;jzifh ...
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vifh[lcsKH;u oabmaygufoGm;jyD; ...
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ruG,fvGefcifrSm tpfudkMuD; vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;ae&m qufcHzkdY uwdawmif;oGm;w,fwJh ... tJonfvkd
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...
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vdkuf&ayr,fh tckawmh 'kua&mufaejyD}}
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usufyef;u ...
]]tpfudkMuD;u uRefrwkdYudk aowGif;u ESpfMudrfawmif u,fcJhwmyJ/ uRefrwdkYtm;vHk;u tpfudkMuD;[m
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vdkY wm;jrpfcsufr&Sdygbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
851
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&d0efuvnf; ...
]]q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muf uG,fvGefoGm;wJh owif;udk Mum;vkduf&awmh tm;vHk;yJ pdwfxdcdkuf aMuuGJ&ygw,f/
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rwdrfaum Edkifawmhbl;aygh}}
&d[kdu ...
]]uRefrwdkY&JU q&mrMuD;oHk;a,mufpvHk; oHk;vtwGif;rSm qufwkduf uG,fvGefoGm;cJhygw,f/ b,folY
vufcsufvJqw
dk mudk uRefrwkdYtaeeJY pHkprf;EkdifwJh t&nftcsif;r&Sdygbl;/ tpfudkMuD;om [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf
rqufcHbl;qd&k if [efqef;*dkPf;vnf; olrsm;awGvufcsufeJY wdrfaumysufpD;awmhrSmyJ/ q&mrMuD;wdkYtwGuf
vufpm;acszkdY qdkwmawmh a0;ygao;&JU}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]q&mrMuD;awGtwGuf vufpm;acszdkYudk igwm0ef,lygw,f}}
acwrQ awGa0pOf;pm;jyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH;u jywfom;aom avoHjzihf tmrcHvkdufonf/
]]rif;wdkYtm;vHk; bmrS pdwfrylMueJYawmh/ q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefudk uwday;jyD;wJhaemufawmh ighuwdudk rzsuf
ygbl;/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyf&awmhrSmaygh/ tckigwkdY pm;aomufjyD;&if [efqef;awmifudk jyefMur,f}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
852
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[efqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;
tm;vHk; pm;aomufjyD;Muaomtcg [efqef;awmifodkY OD;wnfxGufcGmvmMuawmh\/ [efqef;awmifajcodkY
a&mufaomtcg vma&mufMudKqkdaeonfh *dkPf;om;rsm;udk awGUvdkuf&onf/ olwdkYu MudKwifowif;& xm;jyD;
avjyD/
vma&mufMudKqkdol tm;vHk;u vifh[lcsKH;udk *kdPf;xHk;pHtwdkif; tdktaoay;Muonf/ tm;vHk;onf
q&mrMuD; ESpfa,muftwGuf vGefpGm pdwfxdcdkufaeMuonf/
&DvifrSm tawmfuav; ydefcsKH;oGm;onfudk awGUvdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfraumif;jzpfpGmjzifh ar;vdkuf
onf/
]]nDrav; &Dvif ... rif;udkMunfh&wm ydefvSacsvm;/ aeraumif;bl;eJY wlw,f}}
&Dvifu rsufESmav; eDeDjzifh ... ]]r[kwfygbl;}} [kajzvdkuf\/ acwrQ &yfwefYvdkufjyD;rS ...
]]tckqkd&if tpfudkMuD;u uRefrwdkY&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfoGm;jyDqkdawmh uRefrudk nDrav;vdkY rac:&awmhbl;}}
vrf;wpfavQmufvHk;wGif &d[dkwkdYu ]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;} [k ac:a0:Mu\/ xdkodkYtac:cH&onfukd vifh[lcsKH;u
raewwf? rxdkifwwfjzpfjyD; ajymif;vJac:&ef ajymaomfvnf; vufrcHMuay/ ,ckawmh &Dvifuyg ,if;pum;rsKd;
ajymvmojzihf vifh[lcsKH;u *kdPf;om;tm;vHk;ukd pum;ajym vdkuf&awmh\/
]]rif;wdkYtm;vHk;udk wpfckajymcsifw,f/ igu rif;wkdY[efqef;*dkPf;rSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qkdayr,fh touftm;jzifh
a&m? 0gtm;jzifha&m odyfjyD; MuD;vSwm r[kwfao;ygbl;/ 'Dawmh ightaeeJY wpfck arwm&yfcHr,f/ rif;wkdYawGu
vdkufavsm&ifawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ae&mudk qufcHr,f/ rvdkufavsm&if rqufcHEkdifbl;}}
&d[kdu ...
]]ajymyg ... *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ajymwJhpum;udk uRefrwkdYtm;vHk; vkdufemyghr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]igodkif;avmuxJa&mufwJh 0gudkMunfh&if rif;wkdYeJY odyfuGmr,f rxifygbl;/ rif;wdkY&JU tpfudkMuD;vdkygyJ/
'gaMumifh rif;wdkYtaeeJY ighudk ac:&if ]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;}} wpfvHk;wnf; rac:MuygeJY/ ]*dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;} vkdYom
ac:Muyg}}
&d[kdwkdYtm;vH;k u ... ]][kwfuJh .. uRefrwkdYtm;vHk; tckajymwJhtwdkifbJ ac:ygawmhr,f}}
awmifxdyfodkY a&mufaomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;\ wnf&SdaeyHkESifh taqmifrsm; zGJYpnf;yHkudk avhvmMunfhvdkuf
\/ [efqef;*dkPf;\ bk&m;ausmif;cef;rSm cyfi,fi,fomjzpfonf/ ausmif;0if; ab;ywfvnfwGif tkwfjzifh
aqmufvkyfxm;onfh tdrfaygif; 30 cefY&Sdonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm xkdtkwftdrfrsm;wGif aexkdifMuonf/
bk&m;ausmif;0if;xJ0ifum r,fawmfbk&m;kyx
f kudk vifh[lcsKH;u uefawmhvdkuf\/ jyD;aomtcg q&mrMuD;
wifh&Sefaexdkifaom tcef;udk oGm;Munfh\/ tcef;xJwGif arGU&mwpfv;Hk ESifh ukwifwpfvHk;rSty tjcm; rnfonhf
ypnf;rQ &Sdraeacs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
853
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tjrJwrf; vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; vkyfaeoljzpf\/ t&ufuvnf; MudKufao;onf/ olvkdvlrsKd;ESifh

tcef;rSm rnfokdYrQ rtyfpyfay/ xkdodkY awG;vdkufrdonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;u &d[dktm; ajymvdkufonf/
]]igu [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfqkdayr,fh a,mufsm;jzpfaeawmh rdef;uav;awGeJY twlwlaezkdY roifhawmfbl;/
cyfvSrf;vSrf;rSm tdrfav;bmav; r&Sdbl;vm;/ igeJY thHzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY tJonfrSm aeMur,fav/
raumif;bl;vm;}}
]][kwfuJh ... awmifukef; taemufzufrSm tdrfMuD;oHk;vHk;&Sdygw,f/ {nfhonfawGtwGuf aqmufxm;wJh
taqmifMuD;awGyg/ *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; oabmus&ifawmh tJonfrSm cPwnf;aygh/ aemufrS uRefrwkdYawG
taqmifopfwpfvHk; aqmufay;yghr,f}}
]]aumif;w,f/ odyfaumif;w,f/ tJonf{nfhonfaqmifrSm igaer,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJrS awG;vdkufrdonfrSm ... ]]bmjzpfvdkY taqmifopf aqmufaerSmvJ? igu wpfoufvHk;
*dkPf;csKyfvkyfaerSmrS r[kwfwm/ olwkdY*dkPf;xJu oifhawmfwJhvludk vTJay;cJhrSmyJ/ ightwGuf taqmifopf
aqmufaezdkYrvkdygbl;/ ighzmom odkif;avmuxJrSm avQmufoGm;ae&wm ydkaumif;ygw,fav}}
taemufzuf&Sd tdrfrsm;rl tdrfaxmify&dabm* pHkvifpGm&Sd\/ xdktdrfcef;wpfcef;wGif aexkdif&ef vifh[lcsKH;u
aG;cs,fvkdufjyD;onfhwkdif thHzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYudk rawGU&ao;ojzifh atmfac:vkdufrd\/
]]aemifMuD; tHhz,
G fwkdY ... cifAsm;wkdY b,fa&mufaeMuovJ}}
&d[kdu ...
]]olwkdYu [dk;taemufzuf tcef;xJrSm t&ufaomufaeMuw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMo ar;vdkufrdonf/
]]bmajymw,f/ awmifay:rSm t&uf&w,f ... [kwfvm;}}
&d[dku jyHK; ...
]]&Sdygw,f/ nDrav; &Dvifuajymw,f/ *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;u t&ufodyfMudKufwmyJ/ t&ufom 0,f
rxm;&if; *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; 'DrSm MumMumaerSm r[kwfbl;wJh/ 'gaMumifh uRefrwkdYu 0,fxm;wmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &SufjyHK;jyHK;&if; ...
]]rif;wkdYuvnf; 'kucHvdkufMuwm}}
xdknwGif vifh[lcsKH;ESifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYonf t&ufaomufum rl;jyD; tdyfMuawmhonf/
aemufwpfaeYwGifawmh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;wkdY aqG;aEG;Mu&awmhonf/ t"dutcsufrSm
q&mrMuD; ESpfa,muf\ tdk;jymrsm;udk ,laqmifa&;ESifh vlowform;ukd rnfuJhokdY vufpm;acs&rnfqdkaom
tcsufrsm;yif jzpfonf/
&dcsif;u ...
]]tckvdk *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;u &mxl;vufcHvdkufjyDqkdwJh taMumif;udk odkif;avmuwpfckvHk;udk taMumif;
Mum;&r,f/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; r[mrdwf tzGJYacgif;aqmif usdvifxefudkvnf; taMumif;Mum;&r,f}}
&d[dku a'gojzifh ...
]]q&mrBuD; wifhusifhudk owfwm aumif;qef;*dkPf;u vlqdk;awGyJ/ q&mrBuD; wifh&SefeJY wifh&Dudk owfoGm;
wmvnf; olwkdYyJjzpfrSm/ bmjzpfvdkY tJonf vlowform;awGudk taMumif;Mum;&rSmvJ}}
&dcsif;u at;aq;pGm &Sif;jyonf/
]]vlrIa&;oabmt&awmh taMumif;rMum;vdkY rjzpfbl;/ q&mrMuD;awG towfcH&wJhudpudkawmh tao
tcsm pHkprf;&r,f/ wu,fyJ aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU vufcsufqkd&if *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;&JU OD;aqmifrIeJY oGm;jyD;awmh
pm&if;&Sif;&r,f/ tJonftcsdefrSm olaoudk,fao wkduf&rSm jzpfayr,fh tckawmh &efrjzpfoifhao;bl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwfvdkufonf/
]]&dcsif;ajymwm rSefw,f/ ... igwpfckavmuf ajymcsifw,f/ *dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHwJhtcrf;tem; qkdjyD;awmh
MuD;MuD;us,fus,fawG rvkyfygeJYawmh}}
oli,fpOfwkef;u &ufykcRef\ 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf tjzpfqufcHonfh r*Fvm tcrf;tem;udk vifh[lcsKH;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
854
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aumif;pGmrSwfrdonf/ vGefpGmrS tvkyfIyfaom tpDtpOfjzpf\/ xdkYtjyif odkif;avmu&Sd *dkPf;tzGJYtoD;oD;rS

vma&mufjyD; r*Fvmpum; ajymMum;Muayrnf/ xkdtcg r,foDv&ifrsm;tMum; *dkPf;csKyfvkyfaeaom vifh[lcsKH;
rSm vltrsm;&,fzG,f jzpfaevdrfhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfoabmudk &dcsif;u aumif;pGm &dyfrdvdkuf\/
]]*dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; taeeJY odkif;avmu rdwfaqGawGudk taESmifht,Suf ray;csifbl;qkd&if {nfhonfawGudk
rzdwfyJaevdkufvdkY jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;taeeJY b,faeYupjyD;awmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk
qufcHvdkufw,f qkdwmudkawmh odkif;avmuom;awGudk taMumif;Mum;&rSmaygh}}
odkYjzifh olwkdYtm;vHk; wkdifyifjyD;aomtcg 2 vykdif; 16 &ufudk vifh[lcsKH; &mxl;qufcHrnfh&uf tjzpf
owfrSwfvdkufMuonf/
tpDtpOfrsm; csrSwfjyD;aemuf tzGJYi,fav;rsm;cGJum wm0eftoD;oD; ,lvkdufMu\/ wpfzGJu a&Smifvif
ausmif;odkYoGm;jyD; wifh&SefESifh wifh&D r,foDv&ifMuD;ESpfyg;\ tdk;jymrsm;udk oGm;a&muf o,faqmif&ef
xGufcGmoGm;\/ tjcm;aom tzGJYrsm;url odkif;avmu&Sd *dkPf;toD;oD;xHokdY wpfpkcsif; cGJoGm;Muonf/ olwkdY\
wm0efrSm 2 vykdif; 16 &ufwGif vifh[lcsKH;u [efqef;*kdPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHaMumif; taMumif;Mum; today;&ef
jzpfonf/
tjcm;aom*dkPf;rsm;udk taMumif;Mum;&mwGif taotcsm ajym&rnfhpum;rsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;u txl;rSm
vdkuf\/
]]rif;wkdYtm;vHk; udk,ftaMumif;Mum;&r,fh *dkPf;awGqDa&mufomG ;&if oufqkdifwJh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;awGudk tck
igajymr,fhpum;udk aoaocsmcsmajymMuyg/ ... ]q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muf uG,fvGefcJhwJh &efaMuG;udk racsqyfvdkwJh
twGuf *dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHwJhyGJukdvnf; tcrf;tem;eJY rusif;ygawmhygbl;/ 'gaMumihf {nfhonfawGudkvnf;
vTwfp&m rvdkawmhygbl;} ... taotcsm ajymjyMuyg}}
tzGJYi,ftoD;oD; udk,fhwm0ef udk,fxrf;aqmif&ef xGufcGmoGm;Muaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tcsufwpfcsufudk
pOf;pm;rdvdkuf\/
]]tckqkd&if igu [efqef;*kdPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfjzpfvmjyD/ 'Dawmh [efqef;*kdPf;&JU odkif;ynmudk avhvmxm;rS
jzpfr,f}}
xdkodkY awG;vdkufrdonfwGif [efqef;*kdPf;om; tm;vHk;udk pka0;apvkdufjyD; olwkdYwwfuRrf;orQ [efqef;
*kdPf;\ odkif;ynmudk upm;jyaponf/ tajccHrS aemufqHk;tqifhtxd avhusifhckdif;vdkuf\/
[efqef;*kdPf;om;rsm; upm;jyonfh okdif;uGufrsm;udk Munfhvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh oabm
aygufoGm;onf/ [efqef;*kdPf;\ "m;okdif;wGif wkdufppfxuf cHppfursm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&H vQyfwpfjyuf
xkd;ppfudk oHk;wwfonf/ "m;uGufoGufvufonfrSm rSefaomfvnf; tm;rmefvHk;0r&S/d "m;uGufrsm;rSm
rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh txl;oifhavsmf vSayonf/
]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;okdif;udk wwfuRrf;xm;aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm "m;odkif;wpfckudk MunfhvkdufonfESifh
]aumif;uGuf} ESifh }qkd;uGuf}? ]xufjrufuGuf} ESifh ]aysmhnHhuGuf} wdkYudk csufcsif;yif xGif;azmuf odjrifayonf/
[efqef;"m;uGufrsm;onf [muGuftvGefenf;yg;aom "m;uGufrsm;jzpfaMumif; awGU&\/ [lwef;*kdPf;\
wkdufusd"m;odkif; eD;yg;avmuf aumif;rGefaeonf/ odkif;avmu [efqef;*dkPf;rSm emrnf&Sdaom *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;
jzpf&m xkdodkY emrnfMuD;avmufatmifyif xl;jcm;aumif;rGefaom "m;uGufrsm; &Sdaeay\/
0gqef;awmifxdyfwGif *lydwfjypf'Pf cHcJh&pOfu awGUjrifcJhaom ausmuf*leH&Hay:rS "m;uGufrsm;udk jyefvnf
owd&vdkufrd\/ xkd"m;uGufrsm;xJwGif [efqef;"m;uGufrsm;vnf; ygonfr[kwfygvm;/ ,if;"m;uGufrsm;
onf ,ckvuf&Sd [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; olYa&SUwGif upm;jyaeonfhtxJrS tqifhtjrifhqHk;qkdaom "m;uGufxuf
yif ydk cufcJeufeJayao;\/ xkdrQ cufcJeufeJaom "m;uGufrsm;yifvQif tzsufcH&ayao;onf/
wifh&Sefq&mrMuD; tygt0if q&mrMuD;oH;k yg;wkdY\ wkdufcu
dk fyHkrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;u jyefvnfpOf;pm;
Munfhvkdufonf/ q&mrMuD;wkdYrSm twGif;tm; jynfh0Muojzifh wkdufuGufrsm; vGefpGmjyif;xefvSonf/ &dcsif;ESifh
&d[dkwkdY upm;jyaeonfESifh vGefpGm uGmjcm;aeawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
855
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkYaMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf olwkdYq&mrMuD;oHk;a,mufwkdY\ odkif;ynmudk wpf0ufrQyif rwwf

uRrf;Muao;[k vifh[lcsKH; aumufcsufcsvdkuf\/ onfyHktwkdif;qkdvQif q&mrMuD;oHk;a,muf uG,fvGefoGm;jyD
jzpf [efqef;*dkPf;\ tqifhjrifhodkif;ynmrsm; wdrfaumyaysmuf oGm;awmhrnfuJhodkY &Sdaeayonf/
olwdkYupm;jyaeonfudk rMunfhyJ vifh[lcsKH;u ai;armaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg &d[dkwkdYu olwkdY\
odkif;ynmrsm; tvGefyif edrfhusaeonf[k rSwfxifoGm;\/
]]*dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; ... uRefrwkdY&JU "m;odkif;ynmu odyfedrfhusaeawmh pdwfysufoGm;jyDvm;}}
]]r[kwfygbl;/ pdwfysufvkdY r[kwfygbl;/ rif;wkdY*dkPf;&JU ynmwpfcsKdUudk ig&xm;w,f/ tJ'gudk jyefpOf;pm;
aewm/ rif;wkdY&JU q&mrMuD;awGuawmh odrSmyJ? 'gayr,fh rif;wkdYudk oifay;xm; rxm;awmh igrodbl;}}
ajymajymqkdqkdjzifh &d[dkvufxJrS"m;udk qGJ,lum vifh[lcsKH;u upm;vkduf\/ ausmuf*leH&HwGif oljrifcJh
&onfh "m;okdif;udk wpfuGufcsif; jznf;nif;pGm upm;jyjcif; jzpfojzifh *dkPf;om;tm;vHk; odjrifcGifh&vdkufonf/
oHk;uGufcefY upm;jyvdkufaomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u ESpfaxmif;tm;& vufckyfwD; Mobmay;
vdkufrdMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;upm;jyaeonfh "m;uGufwkdif;onf [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;odkif;tESpfom&rsm;
jzpfaMumif; olwdkYaumif;pGm odMuonf/
"m;uGuf\ tajymif;tvJ eufeJjcif;? xda&mufjcif;wkdYrSm olwkdYwwfuRrf;xm;orQaom "m;odkif;uGuf
rsm;xuf trsm;BuD; omvGefaumif;rGefae\/ tuGufwdkif; tuGufwdkif; olwdkY\aoG;rsm;udk qla0aponf/
&ifoyfIarmjcif;jzpfaponf/ *kPf,l 0rf;ajrmufaponf/
trSefppfppf "m;uGufrsm;onf eH&Hay: a&;xm;pOfu touf0ifraeacs/ vifh[lcsKH;u wpfuGufESifh
wpfuGuf qufpyfupm;jy vkdufonfhtcgrS touf0ifvmjcif;jzpf\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwful;ESifh wDxGifrIwkdYu
xdk"m;okdif;uGufrsm;udk tHhrcef;ynm&yf jzpfoGm;apawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH; tptqHk; upm;jyjyD;aomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ MobmoHrsm;onf b0*fnHoGm;av
awmh\/ *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;u vifh[lcsKH;udk MunfndKav;pm;oGm;Muawmh\/
&d[kdu ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ... 'D"m;uGufawG[m [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;uGufawGrSe;f awmh jrifwmeJY odEkdifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
uRefrwkdY wpfcgrSrjrifzl;bl;/ tpfudkMuD;u b,fvkdjzpfjyD;awmh uRefrwkdY*dkPf;&JU"m;odkif;udk 'Davmuftxd
wwfuRrf;ae&wmvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]igvnf; ausmuf*leH&Hwpfckay:rSm awGUvdkufrdwmyJ/ uJ ... tckrif;wkdYudk tJonf"m;uGufawGudk oifay;
r,f/ MudK;MudK;pm;pm;eJY avhusihfMu}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;aMumifh tm;vHk; 0rf;omtm;&jzifh avhusifhMuawmh\/ xdkaeY wpfaeukefatmif
vifh[lcsKH;u "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk oifay;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u tajymif;tvJrsm;? tESpfom&rsm; tm;vHk;udk
&Sif;jyjyD;rS avhusifhap\/
,if;"m;uGufrsm;rSm vGefpGm cufcJeufeJojzifh &d[dk? &dcsif;paom 0g&ifhrsm;yif ckESpf&ufcefY xyfrHavhusihf
awmhrS tESpfom&udk &&SdoGm;Muonfh usufyef;? &Dvif? csifuRrf;paom 0gEkolrsm;rSmrl ydk avhusihf&\/
q,f&ufajrmufrS wwfuRrf;oGm;Muonf/
odkYjzihf oifMum;vdkuf avhusifhvu
kd fjzihf tqufrjywf jyKvkyfcJh&m ESpfvausmfMumrS odkif;uGuftm;vHk;
ukefoGm;awmh\/ olwkdYtaejzifh "m;uGufrsm;udk rnfrQtxd toHk;csEkdifrnfrSm wpfOD;csif;pD\ MudK;pm;rIESifh
em;vnfrIpGrf;&nf tay:wGif rlwnfay;ao;onf/
xkdtcsdefwGif [efqef;awmifay:rSqif;jyD; wm0eftoD;oD; xrf;aqmifaeaom *dkPf;om;tcsKdU jyefa&muf
vmayjyD/ jyefvmolrsm;\ rsufESmrsm;rSm vHk;0raumif;ay/ olwkdYu vifh[lcsKH;xH owif;ydkY tpD&ifcH&mwGifvnf;
txpfxpf taighaigh jzpfaeMuonf/
olwkdY\ tajctaeudk jrifvkduf&onfESifh aumif;pGmoabmayguf em;vnfojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u xyfrHar;
jref;jcif; rjyKawmhacs/ oGm;a&muftaMumif;Mum;onfh *dkPf;toD;oD;u avSmifajymifvkduMf u[efwlayonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
856
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rdef;uav;rsm;? r,foDv&ifrsm;u a,mufsm;wpfa,mufudk *dkPf;csKyfwifajrmufvkdufonfudk rawmfwa&mf

aemufajymifvkdufMujcif;om jzpf&ayrnf/
olwkdYtm; acsmharmhESpfodrfhvkdufjyD; "m;odkif;topfrsm; oifMum;avhusifh&ef apvTwfvdkuf\/ 0gqef;*dkPf;odkY
apvTwfvdkufaom &dqdk;ESifh &d0efwkdYrSmrl tawmftwef &ifhusufjyD; vlrIa&; em;vnfolrsm; jzpfMuojzihf
tqifajyajy jyefvmEdkifvdrhfrnf[k arQmfvifh&onf/ odkYaomf ,cktxd jyefrvmMuao;ay/
vifh[lcsKH; [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHrnfh 2 vydkif; 16 &ufodkY a&mufcgeD;vmayjyD/ &dqdkESifh &d0efwkdY
ESpfa,muf jyefra&muf vmao;ojzifh &duGrf;ESifh &drdefwkdY ESpfa,mufudk xyfrHapvTwfvdkufonf/
awmifay:wGif &Sdaeonfh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;url *dkPf;csKyfopf qufcHyGJ {nfhonfrsm; vma&mufrnf
r[kwfrSef; odaeojzifh ae&mxdkifcif;topfrsm; jyifqifjcif; rjyKMuay/ [efqefk;*dkPf;\ taqmifrsm;udkom
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfjyD; bk&m;cef;udk oyfoyf&yf&yf jzpfatmif jyKjyifvkdufMu\/
*dkPf;om;wkdif; tuFsDopf? zdeyfopfrsm; csKyfvkyfMu\/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vifh[lcsKH; twGuf tuFsDopfudkvnf;
cskKyfvkyfMu\/ &mxl;qufcHaomaeYwGif 0wfqif&ef jzpfayonf/
odkYjzifh 2 vydkif; 16 &ufodkY a&mufvmawmhonf/
xkdaeYeHeuf vifh[lcsKH; tdyf&mrSxvdkufonfESifh [efqef;awmifxdyf taqmifwkdif; a&mifpHkrD;yHk;rsm;? zJjym;
yef;yGm;rsm;udk vSypGm wyfqifxm;aMumif; awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ rdef;uav;rsm; jzpfMuaom [efqef;*dkPf;om;
rsm;rSm pdwf&SnfjyD; aphpyfaocsmvS\/ jyifqiforQudk vSvSyyjzpfatmif jyifqifxm;Muonf/
xdktjcif;t&mrsm;udk awGUjrif&aom vifh[cl sKH;u aus;Zl;wifpGmjzifh awG;vkdufrdonf/
]]ightwGufeJY q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muf uG,fvGefoGm;cJh&wm/ 'gudk olwkdYu pdwfrckwJhtjyif ightay: 'Davmuf
awmif tav;xm;Muao;w,f/ q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muftwGuf vufpm;acszkdY rBudK;pm;bl;qkd&if ig[m vlr[kwf
awmhbl;/ [efqef;*dkPf;twGuf vufpm;acsay;&r,fh wm0ef[m ightwGuf yxrwef; OD;pm;ay; aqmifGuf&
r,fh wm0efMuD;yJ}}
pOf;pm;ae&if;rS ta0;&Sd awmifwef;MuD;rsm;udk ai;armMunfhaerdawmh\/ xkdtcdkuf awmifukef;atmufzufrS
qlqlnHnHjzifh wufvmaom vlwpfodkuf\ toHudk Mum;vkdufrdonf/ [efqef;awmifonf tvGefat;csrf;
qdwfjidrfaom obm0&SdjyD; qlqlnHnH toHrsm;udk tvGefMum;cJvSayonf/
pdk;&drfwMuD;jzifh Munfhaeaom vifh[lcsKH;\ jrifuGif;xJodkY &mESifhcsDaom vltkyfMuD;a&mufvm\/ vifh[lcsKH;
udk awGUaomtcg a&SUqHk;vlu atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]q&mav; vifh[lcsKH; ... q&mav;u usKyfwkdYudk rzdwfayr,fh usKyfwkdYu q&mav;twGuf r*Fvmpum;
vmajymMuwmyg}}
xdkvlum; avmifxdkyifwnf;/ avmifxkd\aemufwGif usd[l? usLcsef;? 0rfyghESifh ajrmufykdif;0uf0HMuD;wkdY
tm;vHk;ygvm\/ vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; ajy;oGm;jyD; EIwfqufpum; ajymvdkuf&onf/
]]usKyfuawmh q&mrBuD;awG&UJ trdefYt& *dkPf;csKyf&mxl; qufcHvdkuf&wmyg/ cifAsm;wkdYudk rzdwfwmuvJ
tvkyfIyfoGm;rSm pkd;vdkYygAsm/ tm;vHk;yJ vlpHkwufpHk a&mufvmwmudk; ... aus;Zl;wifygw,fAsm}}
]]q&mav; ... usKyfwkdYtm;vHk;vJ 0rf;omaeMuwmyJ/ aerif;orD;awmfuav;udk q&mav; u,fxkwf
oGm;jyDqdkwJhowif;udk Mum;&wJhtcsdefuvnf; 0rf;omwmyJ/ tckvnf; usKyfwkdY 0rf;omwmyJ/ 'DuaeY
q&mav;u [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHr,fhaeYqkdwm odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; odaeMuw,f/ usKyfwkdYrodyJ
&Sdyghrvm;/ 'DuaeYrSm [efqef;awmifay:vmjyD; r*Fvmpum; rajymbl;qkd&if usKyfwkdYtm;vHk; udk,fhudk,fudk
owfaovdkufzkdYyJ aumif;w,f}}
tm;vHk;u wa[;a[; w[m;[m;jzihf qlnHpGm atmf[pfMobm ay;Muavawmh\/ [efqef;awmif a&muf
uwnf;u wpfudk,fwnf; ysif;&daecJhaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm ,ckawmh rdwfa[mif;aqGa[mif;rsm;ESifh awGUaeojzifh
ysif;&daompdwfrsm; aysmufukefavjyD/
0rfyghu &,f ...
]][m; [m; [m; ... usKyfwdkYu rzdwfac:yJ a&mufvmwJh {nhfonfawGqkdawmh tdrf&SifawGu pm;p&m
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
857
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aomufp&mawG jyifqifxm;rSm r[kwfbl;qkdwm odygw,f ... 'gaMumifh udk,fh&dum udk,f,lvmygw,fAs}}

vifh[lcsKH;u &,f&if; jyefajymvkdufonf/
]]ydkaumif;wmaygh/ usKyfwynhfawG wm0ef rydkawmhbl;}}
xdkpOfrSmyif aemufxyf vlrsm; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmonf/
usd[lu ...
]]q&mav; ... usKyfwdkUu vl&if;awGyJ? *kpkdufzkdY rvdkygbl;/ q&mav;&JU wynfhawGu rdef;uav;awG
jzpfaeawmh xGufjyD;{nfhcHzkdY rajymygeJY/ usKyfwkdYu udk,fhvludk,f {nfhcHwwfygw,f/}}
[efqef;awmif wpfawmifvHk; &,farmoHrsm;jzifh yGufyGufnHaeawmh\/ rarQmfvifhyJ rQ rsm;jym;aom
{nfhonfrsm; a&mufvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg [efqef;*kdPf;om;rsm;rSm pdwftm;wufoGm;Muawmh\/
odkYaomfvnf; a&mufvmaom vltm;vHk;rSm atmufvrf;odkif;orm;rsm; jzpfaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg olwkdYpdwf
xJwGif av;vHoGm;Mujyef\/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS tpDtpOf vkyfaerdonf/
]]tif; ... igh&JabmfawGuawmh vlpHkqdkawmh 'Dawmifay:rSm csufjyKwfpm;aomufcdkif;zkdYawmh raumif;bl;/
olwkdYudk awmifv,frSmoGm;jyD; csufcdkif;&r,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;awGu owfowfvGwf pm;wmqkdawmh olwkdY
pdwftaESmift
h ,Suf jzpfatmif rvkyfoifhbl;}}
odkYjzihf avmifxkdwdkYtzGJYonf awmifv,fwGif oGm;a&mufjyD; csufjyKwfpm;aomufMuawmh\/ aeYvnfpm
pm;aomufjyD;aomtcg xkdvltkyfMuD;onf awmifxdyf&Sd ausmif;&ifjyifwGif pka0;um xdkifaeMuawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u bk&m;ausmif;ESifh teD;qHk;wGifxkdifjyD; [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm 0gpOfMuD;i,ftvdkuf vifh[lcsKH;
\aemufzufwGif pDwef; &yfaeMuonf/ &mxl;qufcHonfh tcrf;tem; usif;yayawmhrnf/
xdktcdkufrSmyif awmifatmufrS ajyGoHrsm; xGufay:vmjyD; vlwpfpkwufvm\/ t0wftpm;teufrsm;
0wfxm;aom tzkd;MuD; ESpfa,mufu a&SUqHk;rS wufvm\/
vuf0JzufrS tzkd;MuD;u ...
]]aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyfMuD; wHk;zef;yku vuf0J&HeJY vuf,m&HudkapvTwfjyD; [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftopf
vifh[lcsKH;udk r*Fvmpum; tajymcdkif;vkdufygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyftopfMuD; oufawmf&mausmf &Snfygap}}
xdkpum;ukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg odkif;orm;taygif;rSm vIyfvIyfGG jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/ vltkyfMuD;xJ
wGif wHk;zef;yk\ ]OD;aESmufydk;pm;aq;vHk;} ukd pm;xm;Muol rsm;pGmyg0ifaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh ]aerif;ocif
wHk;zef;yk} qdkaom emrnfudk Mum;vdkufonfESifh xdwfvefYwkefvIyf oGm;Muawmh\/
tzkd;MuD;ESpfa,mufudkvnf; olwkdY aumif;pGm od&SdMuonf/ vuf0JzufrS tzkd;MuD;udk ydkufyk[k ac:NyD;
vuf,mzufrS tzdk;MuD;rSm qefYuGrf;jzpfonf/ olwkdYrSm wHk;zef;yk\ vuf0JESifh vuf,mjzpfojzifh odkif;ynm
vnf; jrifhrm;vSayonf/ uJhokdY tqifhjrifhvSonfh xdyfoD;odkif;orm;MuD;rsm;udk apvTwf wHk;zef;yku
r*Fvmpum; tajymcdkif;jcif;onf vifh[lcsKH;udk MuD;pGmaom *kPfjyKjcif;yifjzpf\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olYae&mrSx MudKqkdEIwfqufvkdufonf/
]]usKyfuawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; wHk;zef;ykeJY roduRrf;ygbl;/ tckvdk q&mMuD;ESpfa,muf <uvmwmudk
tqifoifh rMudKqkdrdwJhtwGuf awmif;yefygw,f/}}
ydkufyku ...
]]'DuaeY[m *dkPf;csKyfopf vifh[lcsKH;&JU aeYxl;aeYjrwf r*FvmaeYqkdawmh trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if usKyfwkdY&JU
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk,fwkdif vmzdkYoifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u tvkyfudpawG odyfrsm;aevdYk olYukd,fpm;
usKyfwkdYukd apvTwfvdkufwmyg/ oludk,fwkdif rvmEdkifwJhtwGufvnf; awmif;yefvdkufygw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u awG;vdkufrdonfrSm ...
]]olYpum; toGm;tvmudk Munfh&oavmufawmh q&mMuD; vif;&Sifu wHk;zef;ykudk rjzKwfcsEdkifao;bl;
qkdwm xif&Sm;aew,f/ wHk;zef;yku tmPmvuf&Sd? jyD;awmh tifrwef Pfrsm;wmqkdawmh vG,fvG,fuav;eJY
awmh b,fjzKwfcsEkdifrvJav/ tpfudkMuD; &SefY0efYxif;eJY vif;vif;awmh b,fvdkrsm; jzpfaeMujyDvJ rodbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
858
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ydkufyku olYvufukd wpfcsufrQ a0SU,rf;vdkufonf/

]]a[m'guawmh usKyfwkdY*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU vufaqmifygyJ}}
xdktcg vlav;q,fcefYu wef;pD0ifvmawmh\/ xkdvlrsm;onf vlvGwf0ifvmonf r[kwfacs/ trsKd;rsKd;
aom aowmrsm;udk xrf;vmMujcif;jzpfjyD; bk&m;ausmif;xJwGif xdkaowmrsm;udk pkyHkcsxm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm em;rvnfEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;aomfvnf; olYtaejzihf jiif;y,f&ef rjzpfEkdifojzifh aus;Zl;wif
pum;udkom ajymvdkuf&awmh\/ xkdpOf [efqef;*dkPf;om;wpfa,mufu vifh[lcsKH;tem;uyfum wD;wkd;vSrf;
ajymvdkuf\/
]]*dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; ... [lwef;*dP
k f;csKyfMuD; MuGvmw,f}}
tMuD;tus,f tHhtm;oifhoGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymEkdifatmif jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
jyD;awmhrS uref;uwef; ajy;xGuf MudKqdkvdkuf&\/
trSefwu,fyif [lwef;*dkPf;csKyf &aohMuD; csKH;Id;udk,fwkdif aemufvdkuf&Spfa,mufESifhtwl [efqef;awmif
xdyfodkY wufvmjcif;jzpf\/ &aohMuD;rSm yifudk,fpdkuftwdkif; dk;dk;om;om;yif 0wfqifxm;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm 0rf;omvGef;vSojzihf pum;yif rajymEdkifyJ jzpfaeawmhonf/ tdktaoay; *g&0 jyKvdkufjyD;
twefMumrS ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk,fwkdif <uvmwJhtwGuf uRefawmf aus;Zl;wifvkdYrqHk;ygbl;/ &ifxJrSm wu,fhudk
vIdufvIdufvJSvJS 0rf;omygw,f}}
&aohMuD; csKH;Id;u &,f&if; ...
]]rif; ... [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfoGm;jyDqkdwJh owif;udk Mum;awmh igodyf0rf;omoGm;wmyJ/ a&Smifvifausmif;
u bkef;awmfMuD; zef;wif;eJY zef;qif;wkdYvJ <uvmr,f Mum;w,f/ q&mawmfESpfyg; a&mufrvmao;bl;vm;/
aemufusvSacsvm;}}
[lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; <uvmojzihf tvGefw&mtHhMoaeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmf
MuD; <uvmOD;rnf[k Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg rnfonfhpum;udk jyefajym&rnfrSef; rodEkdifavmufatmif jzpfoGm;
avawmh\/ olu txpfxpf taighaighjzifh ...
]]a&Smif .. a&Smifvifausmif; ...}}
xdktckdufrSmyif awmifwufvrf;wpfavQmuf bkef;awmfMuD;rsm; pDwef;wufvmMuonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/
a&SUqHk;u avQmufvmaom bkef;awmfMuD;rSm trSefwu,fyif a&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;
jzpfaeacsonfwum;/ q&mawmfMuD; zef;qif;u aemufrSygvm\/ tjcm;bkef;awmfMuD;rsm;vnf; ygvmao;
onf/
]]tvkd ... &aohMuD;u ajcvSrf;jrefvSacsvm;/ usKyfwkdYudk,fusKyfwkdY jrefvSjyD atmufarhaewm/ &aohMuD;u
usKyfwkdYxuf ydkapmaewmudk;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm uref;uwef; ajy;qif;jyD; c&D;wpf0ufrS MudKvdkuf&\/
]]q&mawmfMuD;bk&m; ... q&mMuD;wkdYESpfyg;vHk; <ua&mufvmwmudk wynfhawmf b,fvdk aus;Zl;wif&rSef;
awmif rodawmhygbl;bk&m; .... 'g[m wynfhawmfudk tqHk;pGefaom csD;ajrmufjcif;ygyJbk&m;}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u a&Smifvifausmif;udk oHk;Budrfawmif vmcJhzl;w,f/ igu rif;qDudk wpfcgavmufawmh
vmoifhwmaygh/ vlrIa&;ayghuGm}} [k &,farm&if; rdefYMum;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD;ESifh [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;wkdYudk MudKqkdvmjyD; awmifxdyf
tcrf;tem; usif;y&modkY 0ifvmawmh\/ awmifxdyfodkY a&mufESifhaeMuaom odkif;orm;rsm;onf q&mMuD;ESpfyg;
udk,fwkdif MuGa&mufvmMuonfudk awGUvkduf&aomtcg wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;Muawmh\/
tb,frSmvQif rwkefvIyfyJ aeEkdifygtHhenf;/ a&Smifvif*dkPf;ESifh [lwef;*dkPf;qkdonfrSm odkif;avmu
,SOfjydKif r&Ekdifaom Mu,fwHcGefMuD;ESpfck r[kwfygvm;/
aerif;ocif*dkPf;rS ydkufykESifh qefYuGrf;wkdYrSm wpfa,mufudkwpfa,muf MunfhvdkufrdjyD;
ab;em;odkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
859
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
uyfvdkufawmh\/ tjcm;aom olrsm;vnf; kwfjcnf;yif jidrfusoGm;\/

vifh[lcsKH;onf q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ESifh &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wkdYukd xkdufoifhavsmufywfonfh ae&mxdkifcif;
rsm; csxm;ay;vkduf&if; pdwfxJrS pOf;pm;vdu
k fonf/
]]ighq&m 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf&mxl; qufcHwkef;uawmif a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;awG udk,fwkdif <ur
vmbl;/ igi,fao;ayr,fh aumif;aumif;MuD; rSwfrdygw,f/ tckawmh olwkdYESpfa,mufvHk; vmMuw,fqkdawmh
wu,fhtHhzG,f&mMuD; jzpfaewmyJ/ wu,fyJ ightwGuf r*Fvmpum;ajymzkdY vmwmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf wjcm;
taMumif;xl; &SdvkdYvm;awmh rodbl;ayghav}}
xkdYaemufwGif tjcm;aom *dkPf;tzGJYrsm;xHrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; xyfrHa&muf&Sdvmjyefonf/ odkYaomf
xdkufqef;? csKH;qef;? aumif;qef;ESifh 0gqef;*dkPf;wkYu
d rl o0PfvTmvnf; ray;? udk,fpm;vS,v
f nf; a&mufrvm
yJ&Sdae\/
odkYjzifh &mxl;qufcH&ef tcsdefapha&mufvmaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf [efqef;*dkPf;\ xHk;wrf;pOfvmt&
r,fawmfbk&m;udk OD;csuefawmhvdkuf\/ jyD;aemuf &d[dku q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef\ usef&Sdaom ypnf;rsm;udk
*dkPf;csKyftopftjzpf qufcHrnfh vifh[lcsKH; vufxJodkY ay;tyfvkduf\/
q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef\ ypnf;rsm;um; ....
usrf;pmtkyf wpftkyf/
pdyfykwD;wpfuHk;/
"g;wkdwpfvufwkdYom jzpf\/
xkdypnf;rsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;u vufcH,ljyD;aom tcsdefwGif &dcsif;u ydwfpvdyfwpfckudk jzefYvdkufjyD; olru
toHudk jrifhum zwfMum;vdkufonf/
]][efqef;*dkPf;\ pnf;urf;csufMuD; 4 csuf ...
wpf- tjypfrJholrsm;udk rowf&/
ESpf- rw&m; EdkifhxufpD;eif; rjyKvkyf&/
oHk;- rdrdxuf touf? 0g MuD;olrsm;udk apmfum;jcif; rjyK&/
av;- vlqkd;vlrdkufrsm;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHjcif; rjyK&/
... *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD; taeeJY pnf;urf;csufMuD; av;csufudk xdef;odrf;vdkufemjyD; *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk
OD;pD;OD;aqmif jyK&ygvdrfhr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u 0efcHvkdufonf/
]]pnf;urf; av;csuftwkdif; vdkuef myghr,f}}
tpDtpOft& EIwfrS 0efcHvkduf&aomfvnf; olYpdwfxJwGif roufrom cHpm;vdkuf&\/
]]yxroHk;csufuawmh rcufygbl;/ vkdufemzkdY jzpfEdkifw,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufqHk;tcsufuawmh tawmfhudk
cufaew,f/ 'DuaeY [efqef;awmifxdyfudk a&mufvmwJh vklawGxJu wpf0ufausmfu vlqkd;vlrdkufvkYd emrnf
cHMuwJh vlawGcsnf;yJ/ tckuwnf;u aemufqHk;tcsufeJY aumif;aumif;MuD; qefYusifaejyD}}
&dcsif;u ...
]]tck jyKvkyf&r,fh tpDtpOfuawmh *dkPf;csKyftpfukdMuD;taeeJY bk&m;ausmif;cef;xJu [efqef;*dkPf;udk
wnfaxmifcJhwJh q&mrMuD;&JU kyfyHkudk OD;csuefawmh&r,fh tpDtpOfygyJ}}
]]aumif;ygjyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u bk&m;ausmif;cef;xJ0if&ef ajcvSrf;jyifvkduf\/ odkYaomf 0ifrnfhqJqJwGif r0ifEkdifao;yJ
kwfw&uf ajcvSrf;&yfwefYvkduf&awmhonf/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf awmifwufvrf;rS vlwpfa,muf\ atmf[pfwm;jrpfvkdufoHudk Mum;vkduf&aom
aMumifhwnf;/
xdkvlu ...
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; r[mrdwftzGJYacgif;aqmif usdvifxef&JU trdefYygvmw,f/ vifh[lcsKH; trdefYemcHyg/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
860
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;taeeJY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHcGifhudk acgif;aqmifMuD; usdvifxefu ydwfyifvkdufw,f}}

xdkvlESit
fh wl vlig;a,muf aNy;wufvmMuao;\/ xdkvlig;a,muf\ aemufrSvnf; vlaygif;
okH;av;q,fcefU ygvmao;onf/ wyfpkwpfpk taetxm;rsdK;Nzifh vmMu[efwl\/
a&SUqHk;ig;a,muf\ vufxJwGif tvHi,fwpfckpD udkifaqmifxm;onf/ r[mrdwf tvHi,frsm; NzpfaMumif;
tm;vkH;u awGU&SdMu&\/
r[mrdwf tvHrsm;onf *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; r[mrdwftzGJYacgif;aqmifMuD; usdvifxef\ trdefUudk
tcdkiftrmtwnfNyKaeonfh tvHi,frsm;aywnf;/
tvnfwnfhwnfhwGif &yfaeolrSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;\ xdyfoD;odkif;orm;wpfOD; Nzpfayonf/ oltrnfudk
awmifxdyfay:a&muf&SdaeMuonfh odkif;orm;tawmfrsm;rsm;u od&SdMuonf/ olUtrnfrSm ]vif[dkU} Nzpf\/
vif[dkYu olUvufxJrS r[mrdwf tvHudk wpfcsufrQ a0SU,rf;vdkufNyD; ...
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olronf bk&m;ausmif;aqmif\ oefY&Sif;a&;udk wm0ef,l&oljzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wdkYoHk;a,mufudk awGUaomf
vnf; EIwfrqufacs/ olrzmom wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfp&m &Sdonfrsm;udk vkyfudkifae\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf vrsm;twGif; [efqef;awmif ae&ojzifh ausmufpdrf;awmifxdyfodkYvnf; &d[kdwkdYESifh
a&mufzl;jyD; jzpfonf/ xkdr,foDv&ifMuD;rSm em;vnfrMum;? pum;vnf; rajymEkdifonfh tajctaeudk odESifhjyD;
jzpfojzifh q&mawmfMuD;ESifh &aohMuD;wdkYtm; &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
jyD;aemuf BudK;wHwm;ay:rS jzwfoef;um tjcm;wpfzuf&Sd bk&m;ausmif;qDodkY jzwfavQmufvmMu\/
BudK;wHwm;rSm oHk;aycefYom us,fayonf/ omrefvlrsm;qkdvQif MudK;wHwm;rS jzwfavQmufvm&if;
'l;wqwfqwf wkefrnfrSm rkcs{uef jzpfawmh\/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;wdkYrSm xdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifrsm; jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ajcvufrsm; wkefvIyfjcif; vHk;0
r&SdMuacs/ olw
k dkYu MudK;wHwm;ay:wGif vrf;avQmufae&jcif;udkyif aysmfTif aeMuao;\/
atmufzufrS tolwpf&macsmufMuD;u aorif;cHwGif;ozG,f jzpfaeonfudk iHkYMunhfvkduf/ ajrmufzufodkY
arQmfMunfhvkduf vkyfaeMuonf/ ajrmufzufta0;qDrS auGUaumufwGefYvdrfaeaom awmifMuD;rsm; tMum;wGif
&Snfvsm;aom vrf;rMuD; wpfckudk tyfcsnfMudK;rQifav;yrm awGUjrifae&\/
csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;u ...
]]'DawmifMum;vrf;udk azmufwJh vlawGuawmh wu,fhudk csD;usL;p&m aumif;ygayw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMo ar;vkduf\/
]]Asm ... q&mMuD;qdkvdkwmu tck uRefawmfwkYjd rifae&wJh [dk;ta0;MuD;u vrf;MuD;udk vlawG azmufcJhw,f
vdkY ajymcsifwmvm;}}
csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;u ...
]][kwfw,f/ vlawGazmufxm;wmyJ/ ordkif;xJrSm a&;xm;awmh taotcsm od&wmaygh/ ]a0haumuf} qdkwJh
bk&ifMuD;[m tifrwef ppfpdwfppfaoG; BuD;owJh/ tjrfwrf; ppfwkdufzkdY pOf;pm;MuHqaewwfowJh/ olppfwkdufzdkY
twGuf ppfonftiftm; 10 odef;eJY tckjrifae&wJh vrf;MuD;udk azmufcJhw,fvdkYqkdw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,farmvdkufjyD; ...
]]aMomf ... 'gaMumifhrkdY vlawGu bk&ifvkyfcsifMuwmudk;/ olYyg;pyf wpfcsuf [vkdufwmeJY/ 'Davmufrsm;wJh
ppfom;awGu olYtwGuf vrf;azmufay;&wmyJ/ vrf;uvnf; enf;wm r[kwfbl;/ awmifMudKawmifMum;xJrSm
b,favmufrsm; cufcufcJcJ azmuf&rvJ rodbl;}}
csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;u oHa0*&[efjzifh jznf;nif;pGm ajymvdkuf\/
]]tmPmqkdwJh acsmufMuD;xJudk acwftqufqufu vlpGrf;aumif;awG ol&Jaumif;awG uscJhMuwm
b,favmufrsm;ovJ? bk&ifjzpfzkdY qdkwmawmh ajymraeeJYawmh/ bmr[kwfwJh odkif;avmuudkyJ Munfhprf;/
IyfaxG;ayGvD aewmyJ/ bmaMumifh tJonfavmuf IyfaxG;aewmvJudk ajc&maumufMunfhprf;/ t&if;ppfawmh
tjrpfajru qkdovdk tmPmaMumifh jzpfaewmudk awGU&vdrhfr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJ xdwfueJ jzpfoGm;\/ q&mMuD; ESpfa,muf aqG;aEG;vdkonfh udpudkvnf; &dyfrdovdkvdk
jzpfvmonf/ olu pdwfxJrS a&Gwfvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
870
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tif; ... Zmwfvrf;awmh pjyD}}

EIwfrSrl vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]q&mMuD; ajymwmudk uRefawmf odyfoabmraygufbl;/ q&mBuD; qufjyD; &Sif;jyrS em;vnfrSmyg cifAs}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u 0ifar;vdkuf\/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... igar;r,f/ rif;pdwfxJrSm xifjrifwJhtwkdif;om ajzyg/ 'DuaeY aumif;qef;*dkPf;u vif[dkY
[m [efqef;awmifudk bmtwGufaMumifh a&mufvmovJ}}
]]usdvifxef&JU trdefYt& [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf wynfhawmf rqufcHjzpfatmif vmwm;jrpfwmyg}}
]][kwfjyD/ usdvifxefu bmjzpfvdkY rif;[efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfwmudk oabmrwlwmvJ}}
]]wynfhawmfpdwfxifuawmh ... [kwfr[kwfawmh raocsmygbl; ... a&Smifvif bk&m;ausmif;rSmwkef;u
wynfhawmfu olYudk apmfum;cJhzl;w,f/ aemufwpfcku olY&JU *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;r,fh tpDtpOfudk
wynfhawmfu aESmifh,SufuefYuGufcJh zl;ao;w,f}}
]]at; ... [kwfjyD ... olY&JU tpDtpOfudk rif;u bmjzpfvdkY oabmrwlyJ aESmifh,SufcJhwmv? rif;pdwfxJu
twkdif;om ajymyg/ pOf;pm;jyD; rajzeJY}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;jyD; rnfuJhodkY ajz&rnfudk rodEkdifatmif jzpfoGm;\/ q&mawmfMuD;u
vifh[lcsKH;\ tcuftcJudk oabmaygufpGmjzifh oluom OD;aqmifjyD; ar;jref;awmhonf/
]]aumif;jyD/ 'gqkd&if igyJar;r,f/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;jyD; wpf*dkPf;xJ jzpfoGm;r,fhudpudk rif;u
raumif;bl;? roifhawmfbl;? rvkyfoifhbl;vdkY xifw,faygh/ [kwfvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... wynfhawmfu *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;wJhudpudk aumif;w,f? raumif;bl;vdkY ra0zefvdk
ygbl;bk&m;/ 'gayr,fh aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU vkyfyHkudkifyHku rSm;aew,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;udk w&m;0if qufoG,fjyD;
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oHk;yg;xJu wpfyg;u uG,fvGefoGm;jyD; ESpfyg;u tjyif;txef 'gPf&m&oGm;w,f}}
ajym&if;rS pdwfygvmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u wufwufMuGMuG jzpfvmonf/
]]olwkdYtusyfudik fwmu vHk;0dk;om;rI r&Sdbl;/ raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;om;awGvdk [efaqmifjyD; [efqef;*dkPf;
om;awGudk zrf;w,f/ 'gwifru e*g;awmifMum;rSm acsmifydwfjyD; rD;wkdufw,f/ ... b,favmuf ,kwfnHhwJh
enf;rsKd;vJ}}
csKHId;&aohMuD;u axmufay;vdkuf\/
]][kwfw,f/ awmfawmf ,kwfnHhwmyJ/ qufajymygOD;}}
]]'gawGtm;vHk;udk uRefawmfu wkdufwkdufqkdifqdkif oGm;awGUw,f/ tJonfvdk vkyfwmudk uRefawmfu
vufydkuf MunfhraeEkdifbl;/ 'gaMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;zufu &yfwnfjyD; olwkdYudk wG,fvdkufwmyJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;
*dkPf; yl;aygif;wJhudp[m aumif;jrwfwJhudp/ oabmdk;eJYvkyfwJh udpomrSef&if olwkdYaumif;qef;*dkPf;u bmjzpf
vdkY tckvdk ykef;vsKd;uG,fvsKd; vkyfp&mvdkovJ? usefwJh *dkPf;MuD;av;*dkPf;&JU acgif;aqmifawGeJY twdtvif;
aqG;aEG;aygh/ oabmwlnDcsuf ,laygh/ tckvdk cdk;aMumifcdk;0SufeJY ol&JabmaMumifwJh tvkyfawGudk uRefawmf
vufrcHEkdifbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;wJh udpudkyg uRefawmf oabmrwlbl;/}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u acgif;ndwfvdkufjyD; ... ]][kwfw,f/ rif;&JU ,lqcsufu odyfrqkd;bl;/ usdvifxef&JU
pdwfoabmu tawmfuav; aumufuspfw,f/ vluvnf; tmPml; l;aewmyJ/ olu odkif;avmu&JU
{u&mZfMuD; vkyfcsifaewJhvl/ vlawGu olYvdkbudk rvkdufavsmbl;qkdwmvJ odaew,f/ tJonfawmh taumuf
Pf oHk;awmhwmaygh}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u oufjyif;&SnfMuD; csvdkufum ...
]]usdvifxef&JU odkif;ynmeJY Pfynm t&nftcsif;awGaygif;vkduf&if wu,fhudk vlcRefwpfa,mufyJqkdwm
jiif;vdkYr&ygbl;/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;xJrSm olYxufxl;cRefwJhvl r&Sdbl;/ [dkaeYu raumif;qkd;0g; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk,f
wkdif olYudk csD;usL;oGm;wmyJ/ 'gayr,fh olu tMuH odyfMuD;oGm;w,f ...}}
q&mawmfMuD;onf pum;udk acwrQ &yfwefYvdkuf\/ olYtoGifrSm usdvifxef &Sd&modkY arQmfMunfhae
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
871
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oa,mifyif/
]]tMuHuawmh enf;enf;aemaem r[kwfbl;/ a&SmifvifeJU [lwef;&JU xdyfudkwufzkdY MuHaewmyJ/ enf;rSef
vrf;rSefeJY wufvkdYuawmh igwkdYacgif;ay:ruvdkY rdk;ay:yJa&mufa&muf igwkdYtaeeJY bmrS ajymp&mr&Sdbl;/
tckawmholu aumufuspf,kwfrmwJh enf;awG oHk;jyD;awmh odkif;avmu&JU OaoQmifvkyfzkdY MudK;pm;aewmudk
igwkdYu xkdifMunfhaevkdY rjzpfawmhbl;}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;uvnf; ... ]]a&Smifvifausmif;[m odkif;avmuudk OD;aqmifcJhwm ESpfaygif; &mcsD&SdcJhjyD/
a&Smifvifausmif;udk odkif;avmu&JU OaoQmif? odkif;avmu&JU Mu,fwHcGef pojzifh emrnfawG&wm[m vlawGu
ay;xm;wmyg/ tJonfvdk vlwkdif;&JU tonf;ESvHk;xJu vufcHvmatmif tESpf 30? 40? ... tESpf 100
MudK;pm;vdkY r&Edkifaybl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]'Dvlu wu,fhudk tMuHMuD;wmyJaemf}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ... ]]tMuHMuD;wmuawmh rif;jrifwJh Mum;wJhtwkdif;ygyJ/ vifh[lcsKH; ... ighpum; rqHk;ao;
bl;/ qufajym&OD;r,f/ a&SmifvifjyD;&if [lwef;qkdjyD;&Sdw,f/ [lwef; aemufrSmvJ cGef;vGef? 0gar? cHk;wHkqkdjyD;
tpOfvdkuf&Sdao;w,/f tJonf*dkPf;awG[m rif;wkdY awmifMuD;ig;vH;k ? *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;xuf oHrPdouf &SnfMum
cJhwJh *dkPf;MuD;awGyJ/ tckvdk *dkPf;MuD;wpf*dkPf; emrnfMuD;atmif wnfaxmifEdkifzkdYqkdwm vG,fw,frSwfovm;}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ajymae&if;rS vifh[lcsKH;tm; vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u jidrfoufom em;axmifae
vdkuf\/
]]*dkPf;wpf*kP
d f; emrnfxGufvmzdYq
k kdwm rvG,fwJhudprS wu,fhudk rvG,fwm/ tJonf*dkPf;xJu vlpGrf;
aumif;wG&JU aoG;eJY acR;eJY &if;ESD;jyD;rS *dkPf;wpf*dkPf;&,fvdkY emrnf&wm/ olwkdY&JU odkif;ynmawGudkvnf;
wpfuGufcsif;? wpfuGufcsif; tMudrfMudrf tzefzef avhusifhwDxGifxm;cJh&wm/ 'gawG[m wpfaeY? wpfv?
wpfESpf? q,fESpfeJY jzpfvmEkdifwJh udpawGr[kwfbl; ... vifh[lcsKH; ... *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; emrnfMuD;vmwm
ESpfaygif; b,favmuf &SdjyDvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cgjyvdkuf\/ taotcsm rodygqkdaom oabmyif/
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ... ]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; emrnf&vmwm tvGefqHk;&SdvS ESpfaygif; 70 aygh/ emrnfMuD;wm
jrefwmudk ig0efcHw,f/ 'gayr,fh tajccHtkwfjrpfuawmh cGef;vGefwdY?k 0garwkdYavmuf rckdifao;bl;/ a&SmifvifeJY
[lwef;udk ,SOfzkdYuawmh ajymraeeJYawmh}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;\ tpDtpOfwus &Sif;jycsufudk vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwf oabmwlvdku\
f /
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u qufjyD; ...
]]*dkPf;wpf*kP
d f;rSm wpfcgwpf&Hawmh odyfjyD;xl;cRef ajymifajrmufwJh odkif;orm; wpfa,mufp ESpfa,mufp
awmh ay:vmwwfw,f/ tJonfodkif;orm;[m odkif;avmu&JU yxr? odkif;avmu&JU xdyfoD;b0udk &csif&if
&r,f/ 'gayr,fh olwpfa,mufwnf;uae wpfOD;wnf;aomtmPmeJY odkif;avmu wpfckvHk;udk tkyfpdk;zdkYuawmh
rjzpfEkdifcJhbl; ...}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;\ avoHu ydk av;eufvmonf/
]]... usdvifxefu *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; r[mrdwf tzGJYcsKyf&JU acgif;aqmif jzpfvmuwnf;u q&mawmfMuD;
zef;wif;[m odkif;avmu&JU tem*wfta&;twGuf odyfjyD;&ifav;oGm;cJhw,f/ ... usdvifxefaMumifh
odkif;avmurSm IyfaxG;wJh ta&;tcif;awG jzpfvmawmhr,fqkdwm q&mawmfMuD;u wifMudKwGufcsufEkdifcJhw,f}}
&aohMuD;\ pum;rsm;udk em;axmifjyD; q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u ydk av;pm;MunfndK
oGm;rd\/ q&mawmfMuD;\ tjrifonf oefY&Sif;Munfvifoavmuf jzpfyGm;vmrnfh aumif;usKd;qkd;jypfrsm;udk
vnf; wifMudKodjrif EdkifcJhayonfwum;/
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u quf ... ]]tckusdvifxef&JU vkyfyHkawGudk Munhfprf;/ q&mawmfMuD;&JU xifjrifcsufawG?
,lqcsufawG rSefaejyDqkdwmudk axmufcHaewmyJ/ 'gaMumifhrkdY ]ynm&SdwkdYawG;Munfhu vlrdkufrsm; ajy;Munfhwm
xufrSefw,f} vkdY qkddk;&SdwmyJ}}
ae&mwGif q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u oufjyif;&SnfMuD; csvdkuf\/ pum;awmh 0ifrajymacs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
872
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;uom qufjyD; &Sif;jyvdkuf\/

]]usdvifxef[m tifrwef OmPfaumif;wJhvl/ Pfaumif;wJhvlrsm; azmufjyef&if avmuMuD;udk aumif;
aumif; 'kuay;awmhwmyJ/ r[mrdwftzGJYcsKyf&JU acgif;aqmifjzpfzkdYu olY&JU yxrajcvSrf;yJ ...}}
]]... 'kwd, ajcvSrf;udkvnf; yxr ajcvSrf; rvSrf;cifuwnf;u MudKwifMuHpnfxm;w,f/ tJ'guawmh
*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk aygif;pnf;vkdufjyD;&if olu *dkPf;csKyfMuD;vkyfr,f/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; aygif;vdkufawmh
tiftm;u odyfaumif;oGm;wmaygh}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u &Snfvsm;pGm ajymaeaompum;udk acw&yfum em;axmifaeol vifh[lcsKH;tm; tuJcwf
vdkuf\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm em;axmifaeonfudk awGU&ojzifh quf &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
]]tiftm;aumif;vm&if a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;udk ycHk;csif; ,SOfvmEkdifr,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'gqkd&if oHk;yGifhqkdif
&yfwnfEkdifwJh taetxm;udk a&mufvmjyD/ tJ'Dtcgus&if olu wwd,ajcvSrf; vSrf;vdrhfr,f/ olY&JU wwd,
ajcvSrf;u bmvdkYxifovJ ...}}
]]cGef;vGef? 0gar? cHk;wHk*dkPf;awGudk wpfckcsif; 0g;rsKdrSmaygh/ b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;wJh tMuHvJ/
'gu ajcvSrf;ukef r[kwfao;bl;/ pwkwajcvSrf; usefao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMojzifh ... ]]bk&m;a& ... usdvifxefu b,fvdkvlvJ}}
]]olY&JUpwkwajcvSrf;uawmh txufvrf;*dkPf;om;awGu raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;vkdY ac:MuwJh aerif;ocif
*dkPf;ukd jzdKzsufzkdYyJ/ tJonftcsdefrSm a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;udkyg olYzufygatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY qGJaqmifrSm
aocsmw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif at;pdrfhvm\/ usdvifxef\ &nfrSef;csufukv
d nf; rcefYrSef;wwfatmif jzpfvm
ojzifh jyefar;vdkufrdonf/
]]awmfawmhfudk rvG,fwJh udpawGygvm;/ 'Davmuf MuD;MuD;us,fus,f tvkyfMuD;udk bmjzpfvdkY tyifyef;
cHjyD; MuHpnfaewmvJ}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ajymvdkuf\/
]]'gawG[m avmb&ruf aMumifhyJayghuGm}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u qufajymvdkufonf/
]]odkif;avmuMuD;udk csKyfukdifzdkY? okdif;avmu&JU wpfOD;wnf;aom {u&mZfMuD; jzpfzdkYayghuGm/ tJonfvkd
jzpfoGm;jyD;&if olbmvkyfr,f xifovJ/ olYvkdbawG jynfhoGm;r,f xifovm;/ rxifeJY vifh[lcsKH; ... olu
raoaq;udk &SmOD;rSm/ vlawG&JU avmbpdwf[m b,fawmhrS csKyfjidrf;w,f&,fvkdY r&Sdbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm MuufoD;wjzef;jzef; xoGm;jyD; oHa0*&pGmjzifh ajymvdkufrd\/
]]bk&m; ... bk&m; ... vlwpfa,muf&JU oufwrf;u tESpf 100 rausmfygbl;/ 'gawGu b,favmufrsm;
wefzdk;&SdaevdkYvJ/ bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmuf BuD;av;yifyef;wJh tvkyfMuD;udk tyifyef;cHjyD;vkyfzdkY usdvifxefu
BuHaewmvJ/ olYtaeeJY *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;? aerif;ocif*dkPf;? a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;*dkPf;awGudk 0g;rsKdzdkY vlawG
b,favmufrsm;rsm; aoG;acsmif;pD;ukefrvJ}}
csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;u vufckyfwpfcsuf wD;vdkufum ...
]]igwkdYajymaewm tJ'gyJ/ tckigwkdYoHk;a,mufqDrSm ydaewJh wm0efMuD;[m b,favmuf MuD;rm;w,f
rSwfovJ? 'Dwm0efMuD;udk ayghayghawG;vdkY r&bl;/ usdvifxef&JU tBuHtpnfudk zsufqD;&r,f/ odkif;avmu
wpfckvHk; aoG;acsmif;pD;apr,fh tjzpfqdk;MuD;udk MudKwifwm;qD;&r,f}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;\ pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg q&mMuD;ESpfyg;\ t"du&nfG,fcsufudk vifh[lcsKH;
odoGm;awmh\/ olu dkaopGm ajymvdkufonf/
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ... ]][kdaeYwkef;u odkif;orm;awGudk OD;aqmifjyD; a&Smifvifausmif;xJudk rif;wkdY0ifcJhwJh
udprSm q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u rif;udk odyfaus;Zl;wifaewm/ 'Davmuf vltrsm;MuD;udk xdef;odrf;EkdifzkdYqdw
k m
vG,fwJhudpr[kwfbl;/ wpfa,mufwpfvuf zsufqD;oGm;&if ausmif;MuD;wpfckv;Hk &p&mr&Sdatmif ysufpD;oGm
rSmyJ/ tckawmh bk&m;ausmif; wpfckvHk;rSm ysufpD;wm wpfckrSr&SdcJhbl;/ 'gaMumifh q&mawmfMuD;u rif;udk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
873
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ aus;Zl;wifaew,f}}
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vkyfcJhrdwJhtwGuf pdwfraumif; jzpf&ygw,f}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ... ]]rif;wdkYxGufoGm;jyD;awmh ... usdvifxefvJ jyefoGm;jyD;awmhayghav/ iguawmh
a&Smifvifausmif;rSm wrifcsefae&pfcJhw,f/ usdvifxef&JU ajcvSrf;awG rlrrSefawmhbl;qkdwm odvkduf&vdkYyJ/ ig
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]][kwfw,f/ a&Smifvifausmif;xJrSm igeJY q&mawmfMuD;awGeJY ckESpf&ufwdwd wkdifyifndEIdif;jyD;awmhrS 'DtMuH
udk &vmwmyJ/ tqifajycsifawmh rif;u [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHr,fqkdwJhowif;udk Mum;&w,f/ 'geJYyJ
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ajcvSrf;udkvnf; Munfh&if;qkdygawmh}}
]]q&mawmfMuD;eJY q&mMuD;[m odkif;avmurSm twkr&SdwJh r[myk*dKvfMuD;ESpfa,mufyg/ vufkH;&nfa&m?
ESvHk;&nfyg tvGefjynfh0MuwmrdkY uRefawmhf&JU &ifxJ tonf;xJuae av;pm;MunfndKrqHk;ygyJ/ 'Davmufawmif
MuD;us,fwJh yk*dKvfMuD;awGu uRefawmfhudk tav;xm;Muw,fqkdwm od&awmh uRefawmf 0rf;omrqHk;ygbl;}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u ... ]]'DuaeYawmh usdvifxefu olY&JUajcvSr;f udk txift&Sm; vSrf;vkdufwmyJ? rif;&JU
*dkPf;csKyfqufcHyGJrSm vif[dkYajymoGm;wJh pum;awG[m olY&JU ajcvSrf;awGyJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk aumif;qef;
awmifrSm pka0;r,f/ jyD;&if wpf*dkPf;wnf; jzpfoGm;atmif aygif;pnf;r,f/ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;opfMuD; wnf
axmifr,f/ aemufjyD;&if *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wpfa,muf aG;aumufr,fwJh}}
&aohMuD;u ajymae&if;rS ta0;odkY arQmfMunhfjyefonf/
]]tJ'DtpDtpOfawG jzpfvmEdkifw,fqkdwmudk igwkdY arQmfvifhjyD;om;yg/ 'gayr,fh rif;&JU&mxl;qufcHyGJrSm
tJ'gudk Mum;vdkuf&awmh igwkdY tHhtm;oifhoGm;w,f/ olYtaeeJY 'Davmufjrefjref? tavmwMuD; vkyfr,fvdkY igwkdY
xifrxm;cJhbl;/ tckMum;vkduf&wJh tpDtpOftwdkif;qkd&ifawmh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk aygif;pnf;zdkYudprSm olYtaeeJY
olYpdwfMudKuf ydkifydkifEkdifEkdif jzpfaejyDqdkwJh oabmawG awGU&w,f}}
]][kwfw,f/ uRefawmfvJtHhMow,f/ usefwJh av;*dkPf;pvHk;u oabmwlw,fqkdwm tHhMop&m raumif;
bl;vm;}}
]][m ... odyftHhMop&m aumif;wmaygh/ igwkdYwGufxm;yHkudk ajymjy&OD;r,f/ csKH;qef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mMuD;
armfwm;&JU pdwfoabmxm;u omrmefvlawGeJY rwlbl;/ odyfjyD; xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fw,f/ olu olwpfyg;tay:
rw&m;wm rvkyfwwfovkd olYtay: rw&m;vkyfw,fvkdY xif&ifvnf; jidrfcHaer,fh vlrsKd;r[kwb
f l;}}
]][kwfw,f ... q&mMuD; armfwm;&JU pdwfoabmxm;udk uRefawmfaumif;aumif;odw,f/ uRefawmfhudkvnf;
cifw,f}}
]]xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifuawmh tifrwefpdwfMuD;w,f/ oluvnf; olYudkaMumvm&if cHrSmr[kwf
bl;/ rif;&JUq&m &ufykcRefuvnf; tjyifyef;u aysmhoa,mif xif&ayr,fh/ twGif;pdwfoabmuawmh rmaMum
w,f/ oluvnf; 0gqef;*dkPf;udk qufjyD; xdef;odrf;xm;csifwJh qE&SdyHkyJ/ oluvnf; oabmwlrSm r[kwfbl;}}
]]at; ... igwkdYvnf; tJonftwkdif; arQmfvifhxm;wmyJ/ igwkdY arQmfvifhrxm;wmu [efqef;*dkPf;&JU
tjzpftysufyJ/ q&mrMuD;oHk;a,muf jzKef;ueJ uG,fvGefoGm;awmh *dkPf;om;awGcsnf;yJ tm;i,fjyD; usefcJhr,fh
tcsdefrSm usdvifxefu pdwfMudKuf jc,fvS,fawmhr,fvdkY xifcJhMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh igwkdYtxifvGJoGm;cJhw,f/
tJ'guawmh rif;aMumifhaygh}}
]]Asm ... uRefawmhfaMumifh ... [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ rif;u q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef raocifrSm oGm;awGUawmh tifrwef PftajrmftjrifMuD;rm;wJh
q&mrMuD;u [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf qufcHzkdY rif;udk tultnD awmif;vdkufwmaygh/ tJonfvdkeJY rif;u
[efqef;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfvmwm[m usdvifxeftwGuf BuD;pGmaom taESmifht,Sufaygh/ wu,fvdkY usefwhJ
*dkPf;av;*dkPf;uom oabmrwl&if usdvifxef&JU tMuHtpnfu b,frSm atmifjrifygawmhrvJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
874
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mMuD; ... uRefawmhfpdwfu xifaewmvm;awmhrodbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'DuaeY vif[dkY&JUavoHudk Munfh&wm

odyfydkifEdkifaeyHkyJ/ xdkufqef;? csKH;qef;? 0gqef;*dkPf;awG[m usdvifxef&JU tusyfudkifrIudk cHae&ovm;rodbl;/
... usdvifxef&JU vkyfenf;udkifenf;udk [efqef;*dkPf;&JU OyrmrSmyJ Munfhygvm;/ olu 'Dvkdenf;rsKd;awGyJ
oHk;rSmyJ}}
csKH;Id;&aohMuD;u acgif;ndwfvdkuf\/
]][kwfw,f/ aemufwpfcsufu rif;&JU q&m &ufykcRef ... olY&JU vkyf&yfawGudk igeJY q&mawmfMuD;eJY
em;rvnfbl;/ ya[VdzGufovdkyJ IyfayGaewmyJ? zkusufe,fu ]vifrdefusuf} qkdwJh aumifuav;[m rif;&JU
q&mqDrSm wynfch Hvdkufw,fqdkwm [kwfovm;}}
]][kwfygw,f q&mMuD;}}
]]'Dvli,f&JU rsKd;dk;tarGjzpfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;u odyftpGrf;xufowJh/ rif;vnf; Mum;zl;rSmaygh}}
]][kwfuJh ... Mum;zl;ygw,f q&mMuD;}}
Mum;zl;kHwifru zkusKd;jrdKU&Sd vifrdefusufwkdY tdrfa[mif;xJrS bkef;MuD;ouFef;pay:wGif a&;xm;aom odkif;
usrf;udk awGUcJhyHk? vma&mufvk,ufaom aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;vufxJrS jyefvnfvk,lcJhyHkESifh vrf;wGif rdrd
tm;jywfarhvJoGm;yHk wkdYudkyg ajymjyvdkuf\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;qHk;atmif ajymjyD;aomtcg q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ESifh csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;wdkYu av;eufpGm
pOf;pm;aeMuawmh\/ twefMumaomtcg csKHk;Id;&aohMuD;u pwifajymvdkufonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
875
pmpOf (12)
pmpOf(12)
rmwdum
tceff;(75)
tcef;(76)
tcef;(77)
tcef;(78)
tcef;(79)
tcef;(80)
tcef;(81)
vdIU0Sufwdkifyifjcif; rStquf
r[l&mawmifuek f;odkY csOf;uyfjcif;
r[l&mawmifuek f;
wHk;zef;yk
aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf
aumif;qef;awmifodkY
*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;
pum;ppfxdk;yGJ
scanned by NEO@mmcp

hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
878
890
905
911
919
925
931
946
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rif;ajymwJh twdkif;omqdk&if rif;&JUq&mu 'DouFef;udk awGUoGm;NyD; rif;&JU *dkPf;wlnDav; vifrdefusuf

udkyJ ay;&rSmaygh}}
]]uRefawmfvnf; yxrawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJ xifwmyJ ... uRefawmhfqDrSm tJ'D ouFef;prS r&SdwJhOpm ...
'gayr,fh aemufydkif;usawmh q&mu uRefawmfhqDrSm jyefawmif;aew,f/ [dkaeY a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;rSm
wkef;u usdvifxef&JUwdkufuGufudk q&mBuD;wkdY rSwfrdvdrfhr,fvdkY xifygw,f ... vufacsmif;udk "m;vdk oHk;NyD;
wdkufcdkufwJh tuGuaf v ...}}
]]tJ'gudk tpfudkBuD; &SefY0efYxif;u ]bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;} vdkYajymw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh q&mawmfBuD;eJY
&aohBuD;wkdYavmuf tawGUtBuHK A[kokwr&Sdawmh [kwfovm; r[kwfbl;vm; a0cGJ&cufaeygw,f}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;onf q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;udk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvkdufum ...
]]q&mawmfBuD; ... 'DtaMumif;awGudk vifh[lcsKH; odxm;&if aumif;r,fvdkY xifw,f/ q&mawmfBuD;yJ
ajymjyvdkufygvm;...}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u acgif;wpfcsufndwfjyum ... ]][kwfw,f/ usKyfvnf; ajymjy&if aumif;r,fvkdY
pdwful;xm;wmyJ}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; ... ]]vifh[lcsKH; ... ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} qdkwJh emrnfukd
rif;Mum;zl;ovm;}} [k ar;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]][kwfuJh .. q&majymwm Mum;zl;ygw,f/ 'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} u odkif;ynm
awGxJrSm tqifhtjrifhqHk;vdkY ajymwmyJ/ tckawmh tJ'D odkif;aygif;csKyfBuD; aysmufqHk;aevdkY b,fa&mufaerSef;
awmif rodMuawmhbl;wJh/ tJ'guawmh q&majymwJh pum;yg ... aemufNyD; q&mBuD; vif;&Sifuvnf; ajymao;
w,f ...}}
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uref;uwef; qufajymvkdufonf/
]]q&mBuD; vif;&Sifuajymw,f/ tJ'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} [m olwdkY aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU trGef
tjrwf usrf;BuD;wJh/ 'Dusrf;BuD;udk q&mBuD;vif;&Sifu wHk;zef;ykudk ay;vkdufowJh/ olYpum;t&qdk&ifawmh tck
avmavmq,frSm ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygifcsKyf} [m aerif;ocif*dkPf;u wHk;zef;ykvufxJrSm &SdaerSm taotcsm
yJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
878
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ae&mwGif q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u acgif;cgjyvdkufojzihf vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;awmh\/

]]q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif; .. wynfhawmf ajymwm rSm;aevdkYvm; bk&m;}}
]]rif;ajymwm rSm;awmh rrSm;ygbl;/ aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU vufxJrSm ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} &Sdaewm
trSefygyJ/ 'gayr,fh usrf;wpfckvHk; r[kwfygbl;/ usrf;&JU wpf0ufyJ &Sdaewmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm yg;pyf ta[mif;om; jzpfaeawmh\/ tHhMorIrSm txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufoGm;avNyD/ rQ
A[kokw&Sdaom a&SUrDaemufrD yk*dKvfBuD;rsm;\ pum;onf rnfodkYrQ rrSm;,Gif;Edkifacs/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ta0;&Sd awmifwef;BuD;rsm;udk ai;armae&if;rS rqDrqdkifaom ar;cGef;wpfckudk
vifh[lcsKH;tm; vSrf;ar;vkdufonf/
]]0gqef;*dkPf;rSm avodkif;tzGJYeJY "m;odkif;tzGJYqdkjyD; uGJoGm;wm bmaMumifhvJ rif;odovm;}}
]]wynfhawmf rodygbl; bk&m;/ q&mawmfbk&m; &Sif;jyygrS wynfhawmf tjynfhtpHk em;vnfcGifh&rSmyg}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u at;aq;wnfNidrfaom avoHjzifh wpfcGef;csif; ajymvdkufonf/
]]trSefwu,fuawmh ... tJ'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} aMumifhygyJ}}
olvHk;0 rarQmfvifhaom pum;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm aemufxyfwpfcg ][m} ueJ jzpfoGm;&jyefawmhonf/
]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} taMumif; ajymae&if;u 0gqef;*dkPf;\ tzGJUESpfzGJYtaMumif; ar;jref;cHvkduf&
ojzifh rnfodkYrQrqkdifyJ tb,faMumifh ar;jref;&oenf;[k ea0wdrfawmif jzpfcJh&onf/ ,ck pyfqkdifvmavjyD
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ESpfa,muf yl;aygif;NyD; a&;cJhw,fvkdY tqdk&SdwmyJ/ 'Dvifr,m;awG[m b,folawGvJawmh b,folrS twdtus
rodMubl; ...}}
]] ... wpfcsKdYvlawG ajymwmuawmh a,mufsm;&JU emrnfrSm ]ae} qdkwJh pmvHk; ygowJh/ rdef;r&JU emrnfrSm
]Mumyef;} qdkwJh pmvHk;ygowJh/ tJ'DESpfvHk;udk aygif;ac:vdkufawmh ]aeMumyef;} qdkwm jzpfvmowJh ... 'gayr,fh
'gawGtm;vHk;[m pmeJY ayeJY a&;rSwfxm;wmawG r[kwfygbl;/ wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;eJY Mum;vm&wJh
taMumif;t&mawGyg}}
q&mawmfBuD;onf ol\ pum;udk acwrQ &yfvdkufum acsmif;[efYvkdufonf/ NyD;rS...
]] ... tm;vHk;odxm;wJh tcsufuawmh aemufydkif;rSm 'Dvifr,m;ESpfa,muf pum;rsm;NyD; uGJoGm;owJh/ 'geJY
]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;udk &&SdcJhwJhol r&Sdbl;/ tJ'Dowif;uawmh wu,fhudk
aocsmwJh owif;yg/}}
]]... ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} om wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf; &SdcJh&ifvnf; odkif;avmurSm bmawG jzpfrvJ
qkdwm rrSef;q&Jbl;/ aemufykdif; taMumif;awGudk axmufcsifhjcif;tm;jzifh 'Dvdk uGJjym;aecJhwmyJ cyfaumif;
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ae&mwGif vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS awG;vdkufonf/
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q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u qufajymonf/
]]'gayr,fh vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif;wpf&mausmfavmufwkef;u 'Dusrf;ESpfusrf;[m zkusufe,fu a&Smifvif
ausmif;xJudk a&mufoGm;owJh ... }}
]]tJonfwkef;u zkusufe,fu a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfBuD;&JU emrnfu ][kef&uf} vkdY ac:w,f/
q&mawmfBuD;&JU okdif;ynmu tifrwef xl;cRefajymifajrmufowJh/ 'gayr,hf q&mawmfBuD;[m ]aeMumyef;
odkif;aygif;csKyf} xJu odkif;ynmawGudk vHk;0rwwfbl;wJh/ olYtaeeJY roifMum; ravhusifhcJhbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]{uEawmh tJ'Dusrf;xJu odkif;ynmu odyfjyD; cufcJ eufeJw,feJY wlw,f}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;uvnf; ... ]]at; .. igwkdYvJ 'DvkdyJ xifwmyJ/ aemufqHk;awmh zkusufe,fu
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
879
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;u rdwfaqGESpfa,muf tvnftywf a&mufvmMuw,f/ b,fvdkenf;eJY

vJawmh rodbl;ayghav/ olwkdYESpfa,muf[m tJ'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk awGUoGm;MuowJh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u odvdkufonf/ ]]'Dvdk tqifhtwef;jrifhNyD; cufcJeufeJwJh odkifpmtkyfrsKd;udk b,fvdkvkyfNyD; vG,f
vG,feJY awGUEkdifrvJ/ zkusufe,f a&Smifvifausmif;uvJ vljrifoljrif ypfpvufcwf xm;yghrvm;/ r[kwfrS
vGJa&m igwkdY0gqef; q&mBuD;ESpfa,mufu oGm;cdk;MunfhwmyJ jzpf&r,f}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u qufajymaeonf/
]]olwkdYESpfa,mufu bk&m;ausmif;xJrSm odkif;usrf;udk zwfwkef;u cyfavmavm cyfjrefjref zwfvkduf&w,feJY
wlygw,f/ tcsdefvkjyD; zwf&wmqdkawmh wpfa,muf wpftkyfpD cGJzwf&rSmayghav/ aemufqHk;rSm olwkdYawG
0gqef;awmifukd jyefa&mufawmh jyefNyD; wkdufqdkif ppfaq;MunfhMuw,f/ tJonfrSm wpfjcm;pD jzpfaewmudk
awGU&w,f/ ...}}
]] ... 'DrSmyJ olwkdYESpfa,mufu ]olu usrf;trSm;zwfw,f}? ]igu usrf;rSefzwfw,f} eJY tjiif;yGm;Muw,f/
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qdkjyD; uGJoGm;Muawmhwmaygh}}
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&Sif;jycJhzl;aomfvnf; ,ckuJhodkY uGJ&jcif;\ taMumif;udk twdtus &Sif;jycJhjcif; r[kwfacs/ "m;odkif;tESpfom&?
avokdif; tESpfom& ESifh ywfoufjyD;om &Sif;jycJhjcif; jzpfonf/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u quf ]]aemufawmh zkusufa&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JU ][kef&uf} q&mawmf
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]] ... q&mawmfBuD;[m odkif;ynmrSm tvGefawmfwJh q&mawmfBuD; jzpfayr,fh 'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf}
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BuD; twGufawmifrS em;rvnfavmufatmif jzpfaew,f}}
vifh[lcsKH; ... ]][m ... 'gqkd&if 0gqef;*dkPf;u q&mBuD;ESpfa,mufu q&mr&Sdbmr&SdeJY &rf;orf;jyD; usifh&if
aumif;aumif;BuD; 'kujzpfEdkifwmayghaemf}}
]]trSefyJ .. 'kujzpfEdkifwmaygh/ ][kef&uf} q&mawmfBuD;uvnf; tJovdkyJ awG;rdw,f/ tJonfESpfa,muf
rsufuef;wapraMumuf avhusifh&if;eJY 'kuawGa&mufukefrSmudk pdk;&drfNyD;awmh olYwynfh ]wlG,f} qkdwJh bkef;BuD;
udk vTwfvdkufawmhrS jyemtopfwpfck xyfwufawmhwmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH; ]]wynfhawmf pdwfxifawmh 0gqef;q&mBuD;ESpfa,mufu ]wlG,f} bkef;MuD;udk racsriH ajymvTwf
vdkufw,feJY wlw,f}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u acgif;udk cg&if; ...
]]rif;xifovdk r[kwfbl;/ ]wlG,f} bkef;BuD; a&mufvmawmh ESpfa,mufpvHk; olwdkY&JUtrSm;udk awmif;yefMu
ygw,f/ awmif;yefjyD;awmhrS jyemtopfu pawmhwmyJ ...}}
]] ... bmvJqdkawmh 0gqef;q&mMuD;ESpfa,mufu zwfxm;wJh pmxJu r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufawGudk ]wl&G,f}
bkef;BuD;udk ar;awmhwmyJ/ olwkdYpdwfxJrSmawmh 'Dusrf;awGudk ]wlG,f} bkef;BuD;vnf; zwfzl;w,f xifwmaygh
av/ wu,fuawmh ]wlG,f} bkef;BuD;uvnf; 'Dusrf;udk zwfzl;wm r[kwfbl; ...}}
]] ... 'gayr,fh ]wl&G,f} bkef;BuD;uvnf; rdk;om;wJh tMuH&Sdaeawmh olrzwfzl;wmudk zGifhrajymbl;/
0gqef;q&mBuD;ESpfa,muf zwfrSwfxm;wJh pmydk'fawGudk tptqHk; ajymjycdkif;w,f/ jyD;awmh olu wpfcGef;csif;
MuHKovdk &Sif;jyvdkufw,f/ olzwfxm;wJh yHkpHayghav/ rSefrrSefudk ppfay;ovdkvdkeJYaygh/ 'gayr,fh olYpdwfxJuae
0gqef;q&mBuD;ESpfa,muf ajymjyorQudk tptqHk; usufrSwfxm;vkdufw,f ...}}
q&mawmfBuD;onf tvGefw&m pdwfyifyef;oGm;[efjzifh av;vHaom oufjyif;&SnfBuD;udk csvdkufonf/
]]tJovdkvnf; jzpfNyD;a&m ... ]wlG,f} bkef;BuD;uvnf; 0gqef;awmifuae xGufoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
880
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zkusufe,fu a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;udk b,fawmhrS jyefra&mufvmawmhbl;}}

vifh[lcsKH;rSm aemufwpfBudrf ][m}ueJ jzpfoGm;jyefonf/
]]ol .. bmjzpfoGm;vdkYvJ ... b,fa&mufomG ;ovJ}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u vufumjy&if; ...
]]tJ'gudk cPxm;vkdufygOD;/ 'DudpawG jzpfNyD;wJh aemufydkif;rSm ... ra&S;raESmif;ayghav/ xdyfoD; okdif;
q&mBuD; q,fa,muf OD;aqmifjyD; raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u 0gqef;*dkPf;udk vmwkdufawmhwmyJ/ 0gqef;*dkPf;u
wpf*dkPf;wnf;jzpfjyD; tm;enf;aeawmh xkdufqef;? aumif;qef;? [efqef;? csKH;qef;*dkPf;awGeJY r[mrdwfzGJYjyD;
jyefckcH&w,f/ tJ'DupjyD; *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; r[mrdwftzGJUqdkwm ay:vmwmyJ}}
]]aMomf .. 'Dvdkqdk&if r[mrdwftzGJU jzpfvmwm MumNyDudk; ... wynfhawmfu 'gawG bmrS rodcJhbl; bk&m;}}
]]tif; ... MumNyDaygh .. raeYwpfaeYurS ay:vmwm r[kwfbl; ... tJovdkeJY yxrwpfBudrfrSm raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;om;awG IH;edrfhjyefoGm;Muw,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufxyfig;ESpfMumawmh 'D&efa<u;udk jyefqyfzkdY raumif;qdk;0g;
*dkPf;u aemufwpfBudrf xyfvmwkdufjyefw,f ...}}
]]'DwpfBudrfuawmh taotcsmukd jyifqifNyD;rS vmMuwm .. raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU
odkif;ynmawG tm;vHk;udk aoaocsmcsm avhvmjyifqifNyD;rS vmwku
d fMuwm}}
xkdae&modkY a&mufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf qwfueJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ 0gqef;awmifxdyf
ausmuf*lxJ&Sd tdk;pkrsm;ESifh ausmufeH&Hay:&Sd "m;uGufrsm;udk rsufpdxJ ajy;jrifvkdufaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
olYq&mESifh q&mrwkdYudk today; ar;jref;&ef MuHG,fcJhaomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ ar;rxGufyJ jzpfcJh&jyD;
xkdZmwfaMumif;udkvnf; olrodcJh&acs/ ,ck q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif; ajymjyrS Zmwf&nfvnfoGm;awmhonf/
]]'Dwpfacgufawmh raumif;qdk;0g; q&mBuD;q,fa,mufu jyifqifjyD; vmMuwmqdkawmh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;
&JU "m;uGufawG&JU zsufuGufudk aumif;aumif;avhusifhvmcJhMuw,f/
'D'kwd,tBudrf wdkufyGJrSm raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;om;awGu tay:pD;uae wkdufcdkufawmhwmaygh/ *dkPf;BuD;
ig;*dkPf;taeeJY aumif;aumif;MuD; cHvkduf&w,f/ 0gqef;*dkPf;u ul;,lxm;wJh ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf}
[mvnf; raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf; vufxJudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh xl;qef;wmu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u
q&mBuD;oHk;a,muf[m tJ'D 0gqef;awmifrSmyJ aoqHk;oGm;Muw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olrod rrDSvdkufonhf taMumif;t&mrsm;udk pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm em;axmifaeonf/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]q&mBuD; vif;&Sifu wHk;zef;ykudk ay;vdkufwJh odkif;pmtkyfu 0gqef;*dkPf;u
ul;xm;wJh ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} aygh/ 'gayr,fh 'Dodkif;pmtkyfu rjynfhpHkbl;/ bmvkdYvJqdkawmh tJonf
pmtkyfudk jyeful;xm;wJh 0gqef;q&mBuD;u vifG,fwlavmuf ruRrf;usifvdkYyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vifG,fwl\ emrnf yg0ifvmonfudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wtHhwMo jzpfoGm;jyefonf/
olYtrlt&mudk Munfh q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u qufajymvdkufonf/
]]vifvG,fwlqkdwm b,fvifG,fwlvJ odvm;/ rif;&JU *dkPf;wlnDav; vifrdefusuf&JU bdk;bdk;tazyJ/
tJonfvl[m bDvl;rD;"g;okdif;eJY odkif;avmuudk odrfhodrfhwkefapcJhw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH; ... ]]q&mawmfBuD;bk&m; .. q&mawmfBuD;ajymovkdqdk&if vifG,fwluvnf; ]aeMumyef; odkif;
aygif;csKyf} udk zwfcJhzl;wmayghaemf}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]oluvm; .. olu usrf;pmtkyfudkawmh rzwfzl;bl;ayghav/ 'gayr,fh
aumif;aumif;BuD; odwJhvlaygh/ olu ]wlG,f} bkef;BuD;av/ wpfcsdefwkef;u ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfBuD; [kef&uf
&JUwynfhaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u txpfxpf taighaighjzifh ...
]]'g .. 'g ... 'gjzihf}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ... ]]wlG,fqkdwmu olbkef;BuD;0wfwkef;u olY&JU bGJUemrnf/ olY&JU vlemrnf
uawmh vifG,fwlwJh/ aemufydkif;rSm olu om;r,m;awGeJY jzpfvmw,f/ pD;yGm;a&;uvnf; tawmfhudk wdk;wuf
vmw,f/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;&JU tultnD trsm;qHk;&wmaygh/ 'Dawmh odkif;avmurSm ]vifG,fwl}? ]vifG,fwl} eJY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
881
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
emrnfBuD;vmawmhwmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH; ... ]]'DvifG,fwlqkdwJh q&mBuD;u ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udkemrnfajymif;jyD; bDvl;rD;"m;
okdif;vdkY ac:vkdufwmyJaygh/ olY&JU bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;u odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; emrnfBuD;avmufatmif aumif;ae
NyD;awmh vifrdefusuf&JU tazvufxufusawmh bmjzpfvkdY oHk;r&avmufatmif nHhae&wmvJ/ wynfhawmfawmh
b,fvkdrS em;rvnfEdkifbl; q&mawmfBuD;}}
xdktcg &aohBuD; csKH;Id;u 0if ...
]]'Dtcsufudkawmh ckxufxd vHk;0 em;rvnfEdkifMubl;/ em;rvnfwmuvnf; taMumif;&SdrSmaygh/ 'DMum;
xJrSm jrKyfuGufwpfuGufuawmh &Sdae&r,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf vifG,fwl[m olY&JU bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;eJY csif;csef*dkPf;
csKyf &Dcsef;&JUq&mudk oHk;uGufxJeJY tEdkif,v
l dkufwmudk vlwdkif;odMuw,f}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmudk aocsmpGm Munfh&if; pum;qufonf/
]]vifG,fwlu &Dcsef;&JUq&mudk oHk;uGufwnf;eJY Edkifvdkufawmh 'DbDvl;rD;"m;okdif; odyfaumif;w,fqdkNyD;
*dkPf;toD;oD;u odkif;orm;awG oGm;&nfusukefwmyJ/ vlwkdif;vdkvdk bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk vdkcsifukefMu
w,f...}}
]]'DvlawGxJrSm &Dcsef;u rsufESm tajymifqHk;yJ/ olBudK;pm;vdkufvkdY zkusufe,frSm aoG;acsmif;pD;rwwf jzpf
oGm;cJh&w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;NidwfjyjyD; qufem;axmif aerdonf/
]]csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;u rsufESmom ajymifwm ... OmPfusawmh vHk;0r&Sdbl;/ olu rif;&JUq&m &ufykcRef
avmuf [efraqmifwwfbl;/ usm;ykef;raTUwwfbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm csufcsif;yif rsufpdrsufESm ysufoGm;um EIwfrSvnf; ]]q&mBuD; .. 'Dvdkawmh rajymygeJY}} [k
kwfjcnf;uefYuGufvkdufonf/
&aohMuD; csKH;Id;u jyHK; ... ]]vifrdefusufu rif;q&mqDrSm wynfhcHvkdufawmh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;u olYvuf
xJuae b,fajy;awmhrvJ/ onfhxufydkifwmawmif &ufykcRefu vkyfvu
dk fao;w,f/ rif;odNyD;yvm; ...}}
]]bmrsm;vJ q&mMuD; ... uRefawmf rodao;bl;}}
]]&ufykcRef&JU wpfOD;wnf;aomorD;udk vifrdefusufeJY vufxyfay;awmhr,fqdkwJh owif;yJaygh... tMuHu
awmh wu,fMuD;wJhvlygyJ}}
pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aom tcg vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf idkifusoGm;awmh\/ tpyxr olYq&m
&ufykcReftm; [efaqmifwwfol? usm;ykef;aTUwwfol[k ajymvdkufonfudk pMum;vkduf&csdef a'gojzpfoGm;rd
cJh\/
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kwfjcnf;yif twdwfu taMumif;t&mrsm;udk jyefvnf owd&oGm;rdawmhonf/
r*Fvm tmrcHXmeudk csif;csdef*dkPf;u NzdKzsufawmhrnf[lonfh owif;udk &onfESifh olYq&monf ol\
*dkPf;wlnD eHygwf ESpf jzpfaom avmifwufudk tzdk;BuD;toGif aqmifapjyD; olYorD; vdefvdefESifh twl zkusKd;jrdKU
jyif t&ufqkid f zGifhapcJhonf/
xkdpOfwkef;u olYq&m\ tMuHtpnfudk vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh vHk;0r&dyfrdcJhacs/ ,ck jyefvnf pOf;pm;Munfh
vdkufaomtcg uGif;qufrsm;rdum rnfonfh t"dyg,f&SdaMumif; uGufuu
G fuGif;uGif; ay:vmawmh\/
r*Fvm tmrcHXmeonf 0gqef;awmifESifh rnfodkYrQ roufqdkifacs/ ta&;yg t&ma&mufvSonfvnf;
r[kwfacs/ xdkuJhokdY ta&;rygaom r*Fvm tmrcHXmetwGuf q&monf tb,fhaMumifh rQ tyifyef;cH&yg
oenf;/
xkdYtjyif vifrdefusufuJhokdYaom rnfonfhodkif;ynmrQ r&Sdao;onfh vli,fav;wpfa,mufudk ol\ owr
wynfhtjzpf vufcHvdkufao;onf/ xdkrQom ruao; ... tifrwef vQKdU0Sufaom odkif;ynmrsm;udkvnf;
oifMum;ay;onf/ dk;dk;wef;wef; omru wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;jzpfoludk oifMum;aponf/ ,ckawmh
vifrdefusuftm; om;ruf awmfayOD;rnf/ tb,faMumifhenf;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
882
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tajzrSm wpfckwnf;om &Sdonf/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk vdkcsifonfhtaMumif;rSvGJ tjcm; rnfonfh

taMumif;rsm; jzpfEdkifygOD;rnfenf;/
q&monf &Dcsef;uJhodkY evAdef;wHk; r[kwfacs/ odkif;avmuwGif vlqdk;vlMurf; tjzpfrcH/ yef;&Horm;rsm;
onf rdrdvdkcsifonfh tjrifhwpfae&mudk wpfqifhjcif; jirf;qif wufouJhodkY q&monfvnf; bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;
usrf; &zdkYta&;wGif wpfuGufcsif; pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf tuGufqifonf/ ynmudkvTm oHk;onf/
q&mqifcJhonfh tuGufrsm;udk ,ckrS aocsm pOf;pm;rdawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS a&Gwfvdkufrd\/
]]q&mu wu,fhudk tMuHMuD; MuHxm;wmyJ/ nDrav; vdefvdefvdk wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;ysKdav;udkawmif
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;&zkdYudptwGuf usm;pmvkyf oHk;&ufw,f/ rdef;rysKdav; wpfa,mufudk t&ufqdkifrSm pm;yGJxdk;
b0rsKd;tjzpf u cdkif;cJhw,f/ zkusKd; jrdKUjyifrSm t&ufqdkifzGifhxm;wmudku q&m&JU r[mAsL[mMuD;udk xifxif
&Sm;&Sm; azmfjyaewmyJ}}
awG;&if;awG;&if; vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYq&m &ufykcRef\ pdwfoabmxm;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifxm;onfh tuGuf
rsm;udk jrifvmum ausmdk;xJrS pdrfhvmawmh\/ tajctaersm;udkvnf; aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;awmh\/
]]vufpowfawmh q&mu [dk;wkef;uwnf;u nDrav;udk vifrdefusufeJY vufxyfay;zdkY MuHG,fxm;wm
udk; ... onfawmh olYtMuHatmifjrifzkdY tdk;csif;xm;? tdk;csif;xd/ MudK;csif;xm; BudK;csif;Nidatmif vkyfzkdYvdkvmjyD ...}}
]]wu,fvdkY igu tjyifrSmqdk&if vdefvdefuvnf; ighudkyJ wG,fuyfaerSmjrifawmh vdefvdefeJY ig uGJoGm;
atmif ighudk 0gqef;awmifxdyfrSm wpfESpf *lydwfypfvdkufw,f/ vdefvdefYudkusawmh vifrdefusufudk odkif;oifay;zkdY
trdefYay;vdkufw,f/ 'Davmuf wyl;yl; wwGJwGJ jzpfrSawmhNidMujyDaygh/ ... aMomf .. q&m .. q&m ... tBuHBuD;vS
acsvm;}}
q&mawmfBuD;ESifh [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;wkdYrSm vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf ai;arm awG;awmaeonfudk tomt,m
yif apmifhMunfhaeMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmay: t&dyfta,miftrsKd;rsKd; ajymif;aeonfudk MunfhNyD;
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJrS aomua0'em trsKd;rsKd;udk &dyfrdod&SdMuonf/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ajzajymajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dpum;awG tm;vHk; twnfjzpfNyDvdYak wmh rajymEdkifao;ygbl;/ BudKwifcefYrSef;csuf awGyg/ igwkdY cefYrSef;
wmvJ vGJcsif vGJrSmayghuGm}}
q&mawmfBuD;onf azsmif;zsESpfodrfhvkdufjcif; jzpfaomfvnf; q&mawmfBuD;ESifh &aohBuD; ajymaom
pum;rsm; tcGef;wdkif; rSefuefaeonfudk vifh[lcsKH; od&Sdvdkufawmh\/ olYq&m &ufykcRef? olYnDrav; vdefvdefESifh
ywfoufaeaom pum;rsm;udk olYtaejzihf vH;k 0 rMum;csif/ odkYaomf rMum;csifvnf; rjzpfygacs/
trSefw&m;udk rnfonfht&mESifhrQ zHk;uG,f r&Ekdifpaumif;onf r[kwfygvm;/
kwfw&uf &aohMuD; csKH;Id;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]&aohBuD; ... [dka&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;rSmwkef;u usdvifxef xkwfoHk;vdkufwJhodkif;uGufukd tpfudkBuD;
&SefY0efYxif;u bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;vdkY atmfajymvdkufwmeJY ywfoufNyD; uRefawmfawmh em;rvnfbl;/ q&mBuD;wkdY
awmh odrSmyJ/ enf;enf;avmuf &Sif;jyygvm;}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u acgif;cgjy&if; ...
]]igvnf; 'gudkawmh em;rvnfbl;/ usdvifxefuyJ rif;&JUq&mqDu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk vk,loGm;
ovm; rodawmhbl; ... 'grSr[kwf rif;&JU q&meJYtwlwl 'DbDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk avhusifhwmvm; rodbl;
... wpfckckawmh wpfckckyJ ...aemufpOf;pm;p&mwpfck &Sdao;w,f/ tJ'D "m;uGuf[m bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; [kwfr[kwf
raocsmwJh tcsufyJ/ 'Dawmh qHk;jzwf&cufw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ,cktcsdefwGif bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;ESifh ywfouf olYrSm r&Sif;vif;onfh tcsufrsm;udk
q&mBuD;ESpfa,muftm; wifjy&if; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; odvdkpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; ay:aygufvmonf/ xkdYaMumifh
wpfcsdefu bk&m;ausmif;ysuftwGif; vifusefeefwkdYvifr,m; toufxGufcgeD; rdrdtm; rSmMum;cJhonfh pum;
rsm;udk owd&rdonf/ xdkpum;rsm;rS oJvGefp &Edkifaumif;onf[k awG;rdojzifh q&mawmfBuD;ESifh &aohBuD;
wkdYtm; ajymjy&efMuHrd\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
883
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]q&mawmfBuD; ... vifrdefusuf&JU tazuvnf; oabmxm; usOf;ajrmif;yHk&w,f ... bmvkdYvJqkdawmh

olaocgeD;rSm uRefawmfeJY awGU&ao;w,f/ uRefawmhvufay:rSmyJ aooGm;w,f qkdygawmh/ raocif olYom;udk
ajymay;zkdY pum;wpfcGef; uRefawmfhudk yg;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dpum;u bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;eJY ywfoufaeyHk&w,f/
'gayr,fh pum;u zHk;wpf0uf az:wpf0uf jzpfaew,f/ uRefawmfu olwkdY&JU rsKd;dk;tarG jzpfwJh bDvl;rD;
"m;okdif;udk cdk;rSm pdk;&drfvkdYeJY wlygw,f}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;onf tvGefpdwf0ifpm;oGm;um ar;vdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... olYom;udk raocif olu ajymoGm;wJh pum;u bmvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdpOfu tjzpftysufrsm;udk jyefajymif;ajymjyonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
884
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u vifusefeef[m toufrQif;rQif;uav;yJ usefawmhw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh csif;csef

*dkPf;om;awGua&m? ajrmufykdif;ukvm;tkyfBuD;ua&m ESdyfpufxm;MuvdkYygyJ/ tJ'Dwkef;u uRefawmfh odkif;tm;u
tckavmuf raumif;ao;awmh ... vifusefeefudk ESdyfpufaewJh rkaumif;zkef; xGufajy;oGm;atmif Oyg,fwHrsnfeJY
... uRefawmhq&m &ufykcRefu zdwfac:cdkif; vdkufygw,fvdkY ajymvdkuf&w,f/ q&mhemrnfvnf; Mum;a&m?
rkaumif;zkef;u xGufajy;wm wef;aewmyJ qkdygawmh/ olxGufajy;oGm;awmhrS touf rQif;rQif; usefwJh
vifusefeefudk awGY&wmyg}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u ... ]]tif; ... qkdygOD; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]olraocifrSm olYom; vifrdefusufudk pum;wpfcGef; ajymcJhcsifygw,fwJh/ uRefawmfhudk
ajymay;ygvdkY awmif;yefw,f ... uRefawmfu ajymay;yghr,fvdkY uwday;awmh olu ajymw,f/ zkusufe,fu
aeMumyef;vrf;rSm&SdwJh tdrfa[mif;rSm olwkdY rsKd;dk;ykdif ypnf; &Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk aoaocsmcsm apmifha&SmufzkdY
rSmw,f ... tJ'gqdkwmu [dkouFef; ... bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf;udk a&;xm;wJh ouFef;yJ}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u ... ]]rif;ajymwJh txJrSm vifusefeefu zHk;wpf0uf az:wpf0uf ajymw,fvkdYygw,f/
ckxufxdawmh zHk;zdwm bmrS rygao;ygvm;}}
]]ygygw,f q&mBuD;/ olu qufajymw,f/ olwkdY&JU bdk;bdk; vifG,fwlu rSmMum;cJhw,fwJh/ om;pOf
ajr;qufwkdif; 'Dypnf;udk vSefrMunfh&bl;wJh/ Munfhrd&if 'ku tBuD;tus,f a&mufvdrhrf wJh/ tJ'DtaMumif;udk
olYom; vifrdefusufudk ajymay;zdkY uRefawmfhudk rSmw,f/ oabmuawmh olwkdY&JU rsKd;dk;ykdifypnf;udk uRefawmf
cdk;MunfhrSm pdk;wJhoabmaygh/ vSefMunhf&if 'kua&mufr,fqdkwmu uRefawmfh&JU tultnDudk rwwfomvdkY ,l&
ayr,fh uRefawmfhudk r,HkMunfwJh oabmaygh}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u ar;vkdufjyefonf/
]]olajymcdkif;ovdk rif;u vifrdefusufudk ajymjyvdkufovm;}}
]][m b,frajymvdkY jzpfrvJ/ uwday;jyD;om; jzpfaeawmh uRefawmfu vifrdefusufudk tJonftwdkif;
jyefajymjyvdkuf&wmaygh/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u 0ifajymvkduo
f nf/
]]uJ ... tckqkd&if ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} qdkwm b,frSm wpfpkwpfpnf;xJ &SdawmhvdkYvJ/ raumif;
qdk;0g;*dkPf;rSm enf;enf;? aumif;qef;*dkPf;rSm enf;enf;/ tm;vHk;qDrSm enf;enf;pD jyefYBuJa&mufaejyD/ ...
usdvifxefvdkvlrsKd;u 'Dvdk enf;enf;uav; &xm;wmudk b,fvdkrS auseyfr,fhvlrsKd; r[kwfbl;/ olu
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;udka&m? a&Smifvif*dkPf;udka&m? tm;vHk;udk 0g;rsKdjyD; ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk tydkifpD;rSm
yJ/ tif; ... odkif;avmuMuD;awmh ydkjyD; IyfaxG;vmOD;awmhrSmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;tm; &aohMuD; csKH;Id;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]usdvifxef&JU tE&m,fuawmh wu,fhudk rao;wJhudpyJ vifh[lcsKH;/ tck oHk; vydkif;? q,fhig;&ufaeYrSm
*dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; pkaygif;jyD; *dkPf;csKyftopfwpfa,muf aG;r,fh udpudk rif;b,fvkd oabm&ovJ}}
]]uRefawmhf tjrifawmh *dkPf;csKyftopf aG;&if usdvifxefyJ &rSmyJ}}
wGif q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u av;eufpGm ar;vdkufonf/
]]rif;u oabmwlw,faygh/ rif;taeeJY ruefYuGuf awmhbl;vm;}}
]]aumif;qef;? xkdufqef;? csKH;qef;? 0gqef;*dkPf;awGtm;vHk; oabmwl wkdifyifxm; NyD;NyDyJ/ [efqef;*dkPf;
wpf*dkPf;wnf; uefYuGufvdkYa&m b,ft&m a&mufEdkifygawmhrvJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
885
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q&mawmfBuD;u ... ]]ighoabmuawmh rif;taeeJY 'Davmuf vG,fvG,fulul tavQmY ray;apcsifbl;/

pum; ppfxkd;Munfhaygh/ tJ'grS tEdkifr&yJ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; aygif;r,fqdk&if *dkPf;csKyftopfudk odkif;ynm
,SOfNydKifNyD; aG;cdkif; .. tJonftcgrSm rif;&JU "m;odkif;udkoHk; ...usdvifxefu "m;odkif;rSmawmh rif;udk rEdkif Ekdifbl;
... *dkPf;csKyfae&mudk rif;&atmif ,lxm;vdkuf}}
tMuHrSm vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh tdyfrufrQyif rruf0Hhaom tMuHtpnfjzpfae olu txpfxpf
taighaighjzif h...
]]'g ... 'guawmh ...}} pum;ukdqHk;atmif rajymEdkifyJ jzpfaeawmhonf/
&aohMuD; csKH;Id;u ...
]]vrf;rSm igeJY q&mawmfMuD; aqG;aEG; wdkifyifcJhMuw,f/ rif;u dk;ajzmifhw,f/ *kPfyumoeudkvnf;
rrufarmbl;/ wu,fvdkY rif;om *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftopfjzpfvm&if *dkPf;&JUpnf;urf;awG avsmh&Jvm
jyD;awmh *dkPf;om;awGvnf; pnf;urf; ysufukefMuawmhrSmyJ}}
wGif vif[
h lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,f&if; ajymvkdufonf/
]]q&mBuD;ajymwm odyfrSefwmyJ/ uRefawmfhvdk vlrsKd;u olrsm;udkoGm;NyD; pnf;eJYurf;eJY xdef;csKyfzdkY b,fjzpf
EkdifyghrvJ/ uRefawmfudk,fwkdifu pnf;rJhurf;rJh aewwfwJhOpm}}
odkY&mwGif &aohMuD; csKH;Id;u qufajymvkdufonfrSm ...
]]taetxkdif pnf;urf;r&Sdwmu avmuBuD;udk odyfjyD; 'kuray;ygbl; ... avmbBuD;wJh? tMuHBuD;wJh
vlawGuom 'kuay;wmyg ... rif;om *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyf vkyfvkduf&if ... yxrtcsuf taeeJY
cdkuf&efjzpfyGm;rI odyfr&SdEdkifawmhbl;/ rif;u raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;udk oGm;NyD; wkdufcdkufr,fhvl r[kwfbl;/
raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;uvnf; rif;&JU rsufESmudkaxmufNyD; *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk vmwkdufcdkufrSm r[kwfbl; ...
]]'kwd,tcsufuawmh rif;u a&SmifvifeJY [lwef;udk rif;b,fvdkrS &efvkyfrSm r[kwfbl;/ wwd,tcsuf
taeeJY 0gar? cGef;vGef? cHk;wHk*dkPf;awGudkvnf; rif;taeeJY 0g;rsKdzdkY BudK;pm;rSm r[kwfbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ NidrfoufpGm aevkdufonf/ twefMumrS ...
]]q&mBuD;wkdYu 'Dvkd pDrHMuw,fqkad wmh uRefawmhf taeeJY bmvkyf&rSef; rodatmif jzpfaeygw,f/
uRefawmfuawmh udk,fhudk,fudk odyfr,HkvSb;l / 'DtouftG,feJY [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfwmawmif odyf0HhMuGm;
ovdk jzpfaeygjyD/ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udkawmh b,fawmhrS r,lvdkygbl; ...}}
]]'gayr,hf q&mBuD;wdkY&JU tpDtrHawGu odkif;avmuBuD;wpfckvHk; aumif;zdkYyJqkdawmh uRefawmfu wwfEdkif
orQ jznfhpGrf;ay;yghr,f/ uJ ... vmr,fh oHk;vydkif;q,fhig;&ufaeYa&muf&if aumif;qef;awmifxdyfudk uRefawmf
oGm;yghr,f/ b,fenf;eJYrqkd usdvifxef *dkPf;csKyfrjzpfatmif wm;qD;yghr,f...}}
]]q&mawmfBuD;eJY q&mBuD;wkdY rodao;wJh uRefawmfh&JU pGrf;&nfwpfckudk ajymjyr,f/ uRefawmfu udpwpfck
udk jzpfajrmufatmifjrifatmif rvkyfwwfayr,fh ysufpD;atmifawmh aumif;aumif; vkyfwwfygw,f}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u acgif;wpfcgcg? vnfwpfcgcgjzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... 'Dudpudk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY ysufatmif zsufEdkifvdrhfr,fvdkY rif;xifxm;ovm;/ rif;om
*dkPf;csKyfrvkyfbl;qdk&if usdvifxefyJ *dkPf;csKyfjzpfrSmyJ ... olu *dkPf;csKyfBuD; jzpfvm&if yxrqHk; rif;udk
&Sif;ypfrSm aocsmw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif;cs ...
]]'guawmh b,fwwfEdkifyghrvJ/ uRefawmfuawmh aovnf; *krpdkufygbl;}}
]]at; ... rif;u aorSmraMumufvkdY towfyJcHcH? xGufajy;EdkifvkYd xGufyJajy;ajy;? rif;twGufu raxmif;
wmbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif;&JU [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG twGufuawmh rvG,fb;l }}
wGif vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf wkefvIyfoGm;awmh\/ olu *dkPf;om;rsm;twGuf vHk;0xnfhrwGuf cJhaom
aMumifhaywnf/
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u qufajymvdkufonf/
]]rif;&JU [efqef;*dkPf;om;awGudk usdvifxefu aumif;aumif;BuD; ESdyfpufrSmyJ/ tm;remwrf; ajym&&if
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
886
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q&mrBuD; wifh&Sefu rif;udk ,HkMunfvdkY tm;udk;vdkY olYwynfhrawGukd rif;vufxJrSm tyfcJhwm/ tck rif;vkyfyHku
q&mrBuD;awG&JU ,HkMunfrIudk rsufESmvTJcJypf vkyf&musaewmyJ/ usdvifxefu [efqef;*dkPf;om;awGudk ESdyfpuf
rSmudk rif;u Munfh&ufovm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u rTefxloGm;jyD; atmfvkdufrdonf/
]]rjzpfbl; ... 'guawmh b,fvdkrS rjzpfEdkifbl;}}
]]aemufjyD; usdvifxefqdkwJhvlu enf;enf;aemaem aumufuspf,kwfrmwJhvl r[kwfawmh olYbufom;
r[kwforQ/ olYudk tE&m,fay;Ekdifr,fh vlrSeforQ/ usLyifckwf usLikwfrusef &Sif;rSm ... rif;&JU q&m? q&mr?
*dkPf;wlnD? nDrav;awGudk csefxm;r,f xifovm;/ olwkdYudk wpfESpf? ESpfESpf twGif;rSm tjywfokwfoif
&Sif;vif;ypfrSmyJ/ 'gudk rif;taeeJY oHo, r&SdeJY}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wkefvIyfjyD;&if; wkefvIyfaeawmh\/ olu q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;ESifh &aohBuD; csKH;Id;wkdYudk
kwfw&uf tdktaoay;vdkufjyD; ...
]]q&mawmfBuD;eJY q&mBuD;wkdY ajymwJhpum;awGudk vHk;0OHk em;vnfoabmaygufygjyD/ q&mawmfBuD;eJY
q&mBuD;wkdY pum;udk uRefawmf vdkufemygawmhr,f}}
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u ...
]]oHk;vydkif; q,fhig;&ufaeYus&if igeJY &aohBuD;wkdYvnf; aumif;qef;awmifudk vmOD;rSmyg/ rif;wpfa,muf
wnf; usdvifxefudk ,SOf&rSm r[kwfygbl;/ igwkdYu rif;taemufuae zdtm;ay;jyD; w&m;rQwrI&atmif
vkyfay;MurSmyg}}
&aohBuD; csKH;Id;uvnf; ... ]]aumif;qef;*dkPf;u aumufuspfwJhenf;oHk;zdkY BudK;pm;&if igwdkYvnf; 'Dtwkdif;
b,fMunfhaervJ/ 0ifwm;rSmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh...
]]q&mawmfBuD;eJY q&mBuD;wkdYuom aumif;qef;awmifukd vmcJhMur,fqdk&if usdvifxef OmPfeDOmPfeuf
oHk;&Jr,f rxifygbl;/ q&mawmfBuD;wkdY&JU t&Sdeft0gudk olaMumufomG ;rSmyg}}
odkYjziho
f Hk;a,mufom; tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qGJ wkdifyif NyD;pD;oGm;ojzihf pdwfvufayghyg;oGm;Muonf/
,ckawGUMuHK&rnfh tcuftcJrsm;rSm &ifarmzG,f&m aumif;vSaomfvnf; aemift&Snfojzihf odkif;avmuBuD;
at;csrf;aprnfh tpDtpOfrsm; jzpfojzihf xdt
k cuftcJrsm;udk &ifqdkifrnf[k vifh[lcsKH;u oEd|mefcsvdkufonf/
_____
naeqnf;qmrSonf ae0ifcsdefodkYyif a&muf&SdvmayjyD/

&aohBuD; csKH;Id;u ]]q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif; ... usKyfwkdY jyefMu&atmifvm;/ awmfawmfMum [efqef;*dkPf;
om;awGu olwYdk *dkPf;csKyftopfav; aysmufaevdkY pdwfylNyD; usKyfwkdYudk tjypfwifaeOD;r,f}}
odkYjzifh oHk;a,mufvHk; BudK;wHwm;rSvSnfh jyefavQmufvmMuawmh\/ olwdkY ajcvSrf;rsm;ckESpfvSrf;rQom
avQmufvkduf&ao;onf/ oHk;a,mufpvHk;\ajcvSrf;rsm; kwfw&uf &yfvdkufMu\/
vifh[lcsKH;u atmf[pf ar;vdkuf\/
]]a&SUu b,folawGvJ}}
taMumif;um; odkYjzpfonf/ olwdkYjyefvmonfh BudK;wHwm; wpfzufpGef;&Sd bk&m;ausmif;aqmif acgifrdk;
ay:rS vltcsKdU\ toufIoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomaMumifhyif jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;tygt0if oHk;a,mufpvHk;
rSm twGif;tm; tvGefaumif;Muojzifh cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf ykef;aeaomvlrsm;\ toufIoHrsm;udk em;yg;pGm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
887
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
Mum;vdkufjcif;aMumifhyifwnf;/
vlol ta&muftaygufr&Sdaom t&yfodkY wrifwum vma&muf vQKdU0Sufaom pum;udk wdkifyif ESD;aESm
Mujcif;jzpf&m ,ckuJhodYk vlrjrif&yJ toufIoHrsm;udk Mum;vkduf&jcif; tm;jzihf &efol[k &dyfrdod&SdvdkufMuonf/
,if;aMumifhyifvQif vifh[lcsKH;u [pfatmf ar;vkdufjcif; jzpfonf/
xdktcgwGif bk&m;ausmif; acgifrdk;ay:wGif ykef;0yfaeMuaom vlrsm;onf xGufay:vmMuawmh\/ vlaygif;
q,fa,mufausmfrQ &Sdae\/ olwkdYonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rdwfaqGrsm; rjzpfEdkifacs/
onfhtjyif olwkdY\ vufrsm;xJwGif xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom vufeuftrsKd;rsKd; udkifaqmifum vifh[lcsKH;wkdY
oHk;OD;tm; csdefG,fxm;Muao;onf/ ,if;vufeufrsm;rSm av;jrm;vufeufESifh yHko@mefwlaomfjim; av;jrm;
vufeuf r[kwfacs/
q&mawmfMuD;zef;wif; &aohMuD;csKH;Id;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtm;vHk;rSm odkif;avmuxJwGif xdyfoD; odkif;ynm
&Sifcsnf;om jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,mufom touftG,fESifh tawGUtMuHK Eke,foljzpf\/ usefq&mBuD;
ESpfa,mufwkdYrSm toufvkwkdufyGJaygif;rsm;pGm qifETJcJhzl;aom r[m ynm&SifBuD;rsm; jzpfMu\/
olwdkY ESpfa,mufu uJhodkY vufeufrsm;jzifh 0dkif;0ef;csdefG,f cHxm;&jcif;udk vHk;0 rjzHKacs/ onfhxufrsm;
onfh vufeufrsm;jzifh csdefG,fcH&vQifvnf; aMumufrnfr[kwf/ odkYaomf olwkdY vuf&Sda&mufaeonfh tae
txm;rSm ajrjyefYr[kwf/ BudK;wHwm; jzpfae\/
BudK;wHwm;\ tajctaerSm usOf;ajrmif;vSojzihf a&Smifwdrf;&ef ae&mr&SdyJ jzpfae\/ av[mjyifBuD;u
eHab;wGif? eufIdif;vSaom acsmufBuD;u tqifoifh apmifhBudKaeonf/ tjcm; qdk;0g;aom tcsufwpfcsufrSm
olwdkYudk,fay:wGif vufeuf[l wpfpw
Hk pfckrQ ygrvmjcif;aywnf;/
xdkYaMumifh t&ifhtrm odkif;ynm&SifBuD;rsm; jzpfMuaomfvnf; qdk;0g;vSonfh ywf0ef;usif tajctaewGif
oHk;a,mufpvHk; wkefvIyfoGm;Muawmhonf/
_____
vifh[lcsKH;onf tdrf&Sifjzpfae a&Smifvif*dkPf;csKyfBuD;ESifh [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;wkdY\ a&SUodkY wufvdkufum

rm;rm;&yfvdkuf\/ tu,f &efolwkdYu ypfcwfvdkufvQif q&mBuD; ESpfa,muftm; rxdcdkufap&ef umuG,f
vdkufjcif;aywnf;/ xkdpOfrSmyif trdefYay;oH wpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&\/
]]ypf}}
olwdkYoHk;a,mufpvHk; tuFsDvufprsm;udk uref;uwef; a0SU,rf; umuG,fvdkufMuonf/ odkYaomf &efol
rsm;ypfvTwfvdkufaom t&mrsm;rSm "m;vnf;r[kwf/ jrm;vnf;r[kwf/ tyfacsmif;rsm;vnf; r[kwfacs ...
trnf;a&mif t&nfrsm;omjzpfonf/ xdkYtjyif olwkdYxHodkY ypfvTwfvdkujf cif; r[kwfao;acs/ olwkdY a&SUodkY
ypfvkdufjcif;omjzpfonf/
tvGefw&m qdk;0g;jyif;xefvSaom teYHMuD;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtm;vHk;rSm atmhtefcsifpdwfrsm; aygufvm
awmhonf/ odkY&mwGif olwkdYtm;vHk; jrifvkduf&onfh jrifuGif;aMumifh atmhtefcsifpdwfrsm; aysmufoGm;&onf/
MudK;wHwm;ay: usa&mufvmaom xdktrnf;a&mif t&nfrsm;ESifh xdrdonfh ae&mwdkif; taygufrsm;
jzpfoGm;aomaMumifhyifwnf;/ pm;avmifwwfaom tqdyf&nfrsm;yifwnf;/ tvGefw&m aMumufrufzG,f
aumif;vSayawmhonf/
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ESifh &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wkdY ESpfa,mufonf rQ jyif;xefaom tqdyf&nfrsm;udk
awGUvkduf&aomtcg rsufESmysufoGm;Mu\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
888
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
uJhodkYaom *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ESpfa,muftm; aMumufGHUxdwfvefYrI 0ifvmap&efrSm rvG,fulvSacs/ olwkdY

onf vQKdU0Sufvufeufrsm;? tqdyfvl;xm;aom vufeufykef;rsm; qdkvQifyif t0wftpm;rsm;jzifh dkufz,f
xkwfjyD; xdk;azmufxGufajy;Edkifaomfjim; ,ckuJhodkY tqdyf&nfrsKd;udk rnfuJhodkY z,f&Sm; a&Smifwdrf;Edkifrnfenf;/
tom;udk xdcdkufrdonfESifh tom;rsm; ykyfyG aqG;jrnfhoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
tcsnf;ESD; tusKd;rJh ao&jcif;udk rnfol raMumufGHUyJ aeEdkifrnfenf;/ tusKd;&Sd&Sd? t"dyg,f&Sd&Sd ao&vQif
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ESpfa,muftaejzihf aemufwGefY aMumufGHUrnf r[kwfacs/
vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoH xGufay:vmonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdY rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfoGm;atmif yufjyvkdufwmyJ/ 'D tqdyf&nfpufawG cifAsm;wkdY&JU udk,fay:
udk yufvdkuf&if cifAsm;wkdY b,fvdkjzpfoGm;rvJ/ pOf;pm;Munfhvkdufprf;yg}}
toHudk Mum;vkdufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;u csufcsif;yif owd&oGm;awmh\/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; wHk;zef;yk ay;vkdufwJh vufaqmifypnf;awGu wu,fhvufaqmifawGyJudk;/ aus;Zl;wif
avmufygayhAsm}}
xkdolum; wHk;zef;yk\ b,fvufHk; ydkufykyifwnf;/ ydkufykonf olYtm; vifh[lcsKH; rSwfrdonfukd awGU&aom
tcg tm;&yg;& &,farmjyD;rS ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;u w,fjyD; rSwfOmPfaumif;wmudk;/ usKyftoHudk csufcsif; rSwfrdw,f/ uJygav ...
b,favmufyJ rSwfOmPfaumif;aumif; 'Dae&mrSmawmh cifAsm;udk b,folrS ru,fEdkifawmhygbl;/ tckqdk&if
usKyfwdkYu OmPfoHk;jyD; cifAsm;wkdYudk tydkiu
f dkifxm;vkdufjyD ... b,fhES,fvJ/ cifAsm;wkdY b,fenf;eJY vGwfEdkifOD;rvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; atmf&,fvkdufonf/ olu wrif&,fvu
dk fjcif;jzpfonf/ rdrd\ pdk;;&drfxdwfvefYrI
ray:aygufap&ef [efaqmif&,faejcif; jzpfayawmh\/ &,fae&if;rS kwfw&uf t&,f&yfvdkufjyD; ar;cGef;xkwf
vdkuf\/
]]cifAsm;wkdYu usKyfwkdYtm;vkH;udk owfypfEdkif&JUom;eJY csufcsif;rowfyJ pum;aMum&SnfaeyHk axmuf&if
tay;t,l udpwpfckckawmh &SdaejyD/ uJ ... ajymygOD; usKyfwkdYudk bmvkyfapcsifovJ}}
ydkufyku ... ]]usKyfwkdY *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u rSmMum;vkdufygw,f/ cifAsm;eJY q&mMuD; ESpfa,mufvHk;udk r[l&m
awmifukef;ta&muf zdwfac:vmcJhygwJh/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;wkdY oHk;a,muf at;at;oufom vdkufcJhapcsifw,f ...
rvdkufvm&ifawmh ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf ydkufyk\ pum;udk acwrQ pOf;pm;vdkuf\/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
889
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[l&m awmifukef;odkY csOf;uyfjcif;

vifh[lcsKH;onf q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif; ESifh &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wdkYtm; wD;wd;k ajymvkdufonf/
]]q&mawmfMuD;eJY q&mMuD; ... uRefawmf a&SUuae twif;wdkufxGufr,f/ yxrqHk; uRefawmfhwpfa,muf
wnf;udkom xdrSmqdkawmh q&mawmfBuD;eJY q&mMuD;wkdYu tcsdeftrsm;BuD;&ygw,f ..... uRefawmhfaemufu
uyfvkdufMuyg}}
csKH;Id; &aohMuD;u wD;wdk; wm;jrpfvkdufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rvkyfeJY}}
xdkpOf ... rdef;uav; wpfa,mufu MudK;wHwm;ay:odkY ckefwufa&muf&SdvmjyD; vifh[lcsKH;\ a&SUwGif
umuG,fNyD; &yfvku
d fawmh\/ tjcm;olr[kwf vif;vif;aywnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;u uref;uwef; vSrf;ajymvdkuf\/
]]vif;vif; ... aemufqkwfae}}
odkYaomf vif;vif;u vifh[lcsKH;tm; acgif;cgjyvdkufonf/ olru a&SUzufodkYMunfh&if; atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]OD;av; ydkufyk ... 'gu bmvkyfwmvJ}}
ydkufyku ... ]]aerif;orD;awmfav;ygvm;/ orD;awmfav; ab;udkz,fvdkufyg/ 'gu orD;awmfav;eJY bmrS
rqdkifbl;/ 'Dawmh 'DudpxJ 0ifrpGufygeJY}}
]]OD;av; ydkufyk? &Sifu aumif;qef;*dkPf;u usdvifxef&JU vmbfxdk;wmudk vufcHjyD; [efqef;*dkPf;udk
vmaESmifh,Sufwm r[kwfvm;/ OD;av; wHk;zef;yku OD;av; qefYuGrf;eJYtwl &Sifhudk vTwfvdkufwmu vufaqmif
ypnf;ay;zkdYyJ/ tck &Sifvkyfaewmu usdvifxeftwGuf r[kwfvm;}}
]]aerif;orD;awmfav; ... udk,feJY rqdkif&if 0ifrpGufygeJY/ usKyfu usdvifxef&JUvmbfudk ,lw,f [kwf
vm;/ b,folu ajymovJ/ tck usKyfvkyfaewm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU vQKdU0SuftrdefY/ 'gaMumifh aerif;orD;awmfav;
rodwmyg/ at;at;aq;aq; ab;z,faeyg}}
]]OD;av; ydkufyk? uRefr ar;prf;yg&apOD;/ OD;av; wHk;zef;yk&JU vQKdU0SuftrdefYrSm uRefrudk owfzdkYa&m ygao;
ovm;}}
]]tJovdkawmh trdefYray;vkdufygbl;/ 'gayr,hf *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU trdefYudk aESmifh,Sufr,f qdk&ifawmh ...}}
ajymom ajymae&aomfvnf; a&SUrS vif;vif;u cHaeojzifh rnfodkYvkyf&rnfudk ydkufykwpfa,muf
rpOf;pm;wwfatmif jzpfae&onf/ olYaemufvu
dk frsm;uvnf; wHk;zef;yku vif;vif;udk tvGef ta&;ay;rSef;
odMuonf/ vif;vif; wpfpHkwpfck xdcdkufoGm;ygu olwdkY tjypfay;cH&rnfudkvnf; pdk;&drfMuonf/ xkdYaMumifh
olwdkYvufeufrsm;u atmufodkY usoGm;Muonf/
vif;vif;u tuGufukd apmifhaejcif;jzpf&m vufeufrsm; edrfhusoGm;onfESifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
890
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tm;vHk; .. ckefxGufMuawmh ...}}

atmf&if; [pf&if;jzifh vif;vif;u a&SUqHk;rS ckefxGufoGm;&m vifh[lcsKH;wdkY oHk;a,mufvnf; aemufrS
ckefxGufvdkufyg oGm;Muawmh\/ olwdkY oHk;a,mufrSm xdyfoD;odkif;ynm&Sifrsm; jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm tcGifhta&;
av; tenf;i,fom &zdkYvdkonf/ xdktenf;i,fudk rvGwfwrf; xdxdrdrd toHk;csEdkifolrsm; jzpfMu\/
olwdkY av;a,mufpvHk; bk&m;ausmif;cef;wGif;odkY ckef0ifvdkuf&m olwkdYtm; tqdyf&nfrsm;jzifh wkdufcdkuf&ef
rvG,fulawmhacs/ vifh[lcsKH;u za,mif;wkdifxGef;aom oHwkdifudk aumufudkifum "m;tjzpfoHk;jyD; wkdufckdufav
awmh\/ tjcm;olrsm;uvnf; raES;ygacs/
olwdkYtm;vHk;onf tqdyf&nfrsm;\ tpGrf;udk aumif;pGm awGUjrifxm;olrsm; jzpfMuonfhtavsmuf &efol
rsm;udk tjyif;xefqHk; wkdufcdkufvkdufMuawmh\/ vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; &efolajcmufa,mufudk &Sif;ypfvkdufMujyD;
aemuf tcsdeftenf;i,f Mumaomtcg aemufxyf ajcmufa,muf vJusoGm;jyefonf/
xdktcsdefwGif vif;vif;rSm ydkufykESifh wpfa,mufcsif; &ifqdkifwu
kd fcdkufae\/ q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u ...
]]rif; vufeufrcsao;bl;vm;}} [k atmfar;vdkuf\/
ydkufyku vufeufrcs tIH;ray;ao;yJ qufvuf wkdufcdkufNrJ wkdufcdkufaeojzifh q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u
vuf0g;apmif;ESpfzufjzifh 0ifa&muf wkdufcdkufvdkufawmh\/ wGif ydkufyk\vufxJrS "m;rSm vGwfusoGm;awmh
\/ q&mawmfMuD;u ydkufyk\ vufESpfzufudk zrf;csKyfxm;vdkufonf/
ydkufyku tjyif;txef kef;uefaomfvnf; q&mawmfMuD;\ vufwGif;rS vGwfatmif rkef;Ekdifacs/ wGif
ydkufykonf q&mawmfMuD;\ aygifcGMum;udk ol\ ajcaxmufjzifh uefxnfhvdkufawmhonf/
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;u oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufum ol\vufESpfzufudk a&SUodkY wGef;xkwfvkdufawmh
onf/ xdktcgwGifrawmh ydkufykrSm Murf;jyif &yfwnfEdkifpGrf; r&SdawmhyJ bk&m;ausmif;jywif;0rS tjyifodkY
vGifhpOfxGufoGm;awmhonf/
wqufwnf;rSmyif aMumufvefYwMum; pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvdkufoHMuD;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ ydkufykonf
q&mawmfMuD; wGef;vTwfvdkufonfh t&Sdefudk &yfwefYatmif rvkyfEkdifojzifh tolw&macsmufMuD; twGif;odkY
xkd;usoGm;&jcif; jzpfavawmh\/
usef&Sdaeonfh i,fom;rsm;rSm vif;vif;udk aMumufGHUNyD; jzpfaeojzihf wkdufyGJrSm wrk[kwfcsif; &yfqdkif;oGm;
awmh\/ olwdkYonf odkif;ynmtm;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;wdkYudk rnfodkYrQ ,SOfEkid fonf r[kwfacs/
vif;vif;u wHk;zef;yk\ nmvufHk;jzpfaom qefYuGrf;tm; vSrf;ar;vkdufonf/
]]OD;av;qefYuGrf; .. tckqdk&if aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU 0gpOfMuD;yk*dKvf q,fa,mufxJrSm ajcmufa,mufu
uRefrtazzufudk ygoGm;MujyD/ wpf0ufausmf ygoGm;jyDqdkuwnf;u tajctaeudk pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ OD;av;
qefYuGrf;u tckxd wHk;zef;ykudk opm&Sdaewkef;yJvm;}}
qefYuGrf;onf csufcsif;yif cg;udkif;um OD;nTwfvkduf\/
]]usKyfvnf; 'DaeYupjyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&SifqDrSmyJ trIxrf;ygawmhr,f}}
ajymjyD;onfESifh qefYuGrf;onf usef&Sdaom wynfhrsm;udk ac:aqmif jyefoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;wkdYtzdkY
at;csrf;oGm;avjyD/ tu,f vif;vif;om vmrulnDvQif oHk;a,mufvHk;twGuf awG;0Hhp&m r&Sdacs/
avmifxkdESifh usLcsef;wkdYvnf; a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/
vif;vif;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vkduf\/
]]vif;vif; .. ighrSm rif;u,fwJh toufyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ 'geJY igwkdYudk ydkufyku acsmif;ajrmif; wkdufcdkuf
awmhr,fqdkwm rif;u b,fvdk odae&wmvJ}}
]]tpfudkwdkY xGufoGm;jyD;wJhaemuf uRefrwkdY usef&pfcJhwkef; pOf;pm;rdwmyg/ OD;av;qefYuGrf;eJY OD;av;ydkufyk
wkdYu tpfudkYtwGuf vufaqmifawG vmydkYw,fqdkwJhtaMumif; odvdkuf&awmh tHhMooGm;w,f/ wHk;zef;yku
pdwfaumif;ESvk;H aumif; r&Sdwm aocsmw,f/ tpfudkYudk oabmdk;eJYawmh 'DvdkvufaqmifrsKd; b,fawmhrS ay;rSm
r[kwfbl;/ vmay;w,f qdkuwnf;u taMumif;wpfckck &SdvdkYqdkwm uRefr&dyfrdw,f/ 'geJYyJ olwdkYudk tuJcwf
aewm/ olwkdY 'Dawmifxdyfzufudk xGufvmawmh uRefru avmifxdkeJY usLcsef;udkac:jyD; olwkdY aemufu vdkufvm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
891
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
cJhwmyJ}}
q&mawmfMuD; zef;wif;ESifh &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wkdYonf tjcm;udp r&Sdawmhojzifh EIwfqufjyD; jyefoGm;Muawmh
\/ vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;ESifh ykcHk;csif;,SOfavQmufum [efqef;awmifxdyfodkY jyefvmMuonf/ vrf;wGif
vif;vif;u ...
]]tpfudk ... tpfudk tck MuHKvdkuf&wJh tajctae[m bmaMumifh jzpfw,fqdkwm &dyfpm;rd&JUvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cgjyvdkuf\/ vif;vif;u ...
]]wHk;zef;yk[m tazhowif;udk tapmMuD;uwnf;u &jyD;om;/ odyfrMumcif tawmtwGif; olYudk wkdufppf
qifawmhr,fqdkwm odaew,f/ wHk;zef;yk qdkwmuvnf; odyfOmPfaumif;wJv
h l qkdawmhum olu wpfuGuf
BudKjyD; a&TUvdkufw,f/ tazhudk acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfMuHzkdY &Smr&awmh tpfudkYudk vmzrf;wmyJ/ tpfudkYudkom zrf;rd
oGm;&if ... uRefru ...}}
vif;vif;rSm xkdae&modkY a&mufaomtcg pum; rqufEdkifawmhyJ olr\ rsufESmav;rSm &SufaoG;aMumifh
eD&JoGm;awmhonf/ vif;vif;\ cspfp&m aumif;vSaom rsufESmav;udk ai;armMunfh&if; tajzudk vifh[lcsKH;
odvdkufonf/ &ifxJwGifvnf; abmifbifcwfatmif vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmhonf/
]]oluav;u ightay: b,favmuf arwm &SdaeovJ .. Munfhprf; ... wHk;zef;ykvdk vlrsKd;uawmif ightay:
olb,favmuf arwm&SdaeovJudk odaejyD/ ighudk zrf;rdjyD;&if olYudk tusyfudkifvdkY &w,fqdkwm ... vif;vif;udk
tusyfudkifvkdY&&if vif;vif;&JUtaz vif;&Sif[m b,fajy;awmhrvJ/ vif;vif;[m tnmyJ/ 'DtuGufukd jrifwJh
wHk;zef;yk[m ighudkvmzrf;wmaygh/ awmfawmhu
f dk tuGufjrifwJhvlyJ}}
awG;ae&if;rS vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;tm; Munfhvkdufonf/ vif;vif;onf olr\ OD;acgif;uav;udk
jyefrazmfao;yJ acgif;iHkYvsufom avQmufNrJavQmufaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u qufawG;aerdjyefonf/
]]vif;vif; ... vif;vif; ... ightay: b,favmuf tcspfMuD;wJh rdef;uav;vJ ... apmapmu olYtwGuf
wu,fh tE&m,f&Sdaewmudk aMumuf&rSef; vefY&rSef; rodbl;/ ighudku,fzkdY twif;MudK;pm;wmyJ/ ighrSm 'Dvdk
cspfolrsKd; &SdaerSawmh onfhjyif bmvdkao;vJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ ESvHk;om;xJwGif cspfpdwfcspfaoG;rsm; jynfhvQrf;vmojzifh vif;vif;\ cg;av;udk vSrf;zuf
vdkufonf/ odkY&mwGif vif;vif;u cpfueJ &,fum a&Smifwdrf;vdkufojzihf vGwfoGm;awmhonf/
olru &,f&if; ...
]]b,fvdkvJ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU .. *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vkyfaejyD; 'Dvdk ajcaqmhvufaqmh vkyfaewm awmfa&mhvm;}}
]][m; .. [m; .. [m; ... vif;vif;u tpfudkYudk b,fvdk*dkPf;csKyfrsKd; atmufarhaevdkYvJ/ 'DavmuMuD;xJrSm
&Sd&SdorQ *dkPf;csKyfawGxJr,f odumorm"d r&SdqHk; *dkPf;csKyfyJ Opm}}
]]oGm; ... tJ'DvdkyJ ... aemufwD;aemufawmuf ajym&r,fqdk&if jzpfw,f}}
]]bmjzpfvJ ... vif;vif;yJ tJonfvkd vlrsKd;udkrS oabmusw,fqdk ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;udk oabmusvSojzifh vif;vif;onf wcpfcpf &,faerdawmhonf/ wpfcsdefwkef;u
olruvnf; xkdtwdkif;yif ajymcJhrdonf r[kwfygvm;/ twefMumrS vif;vif;u wnfMunfav;eufaom
toHav;jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudk ... vif;vif; wpfckajymr,f/ apmapmu tpfudk ajymvdkufw,f/ ]'DavmuMuD;xJrSm &Sd&SdorQ
*dkPf;csKyfawGxJr,f odumorm"d r&SdqHk; *dkPf;csKyf} qdkjyD; tJ'Dvdk bmjzpfvdkY ajym&wmvJ}}
]]vif;vif;uvnf; tJ'gu aemufwD;aemufawmuf ajymwm r[kwfygbl;/ wu,fhtjzpfudk ajymwm}}
]]tpfudku odyfcufwmyJ/ a&Smifvifausmif;xkdif q&mawmfMuD;qdkwm ES,fES,f&& yk*dKvfMuD;vm;/ [lwef;
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;qdkwm ES,fES,f&& yk*dKvfMuD;vm;/ odkif;avmurSm olwdkY&JU txufrSm b,folrS r&Sdawmhygbl;/
tJonfvdk yk*dKvfMuD;awGawmif tpfudkYudk b,fvdk qufqHMuovJ/ av;av;pm;pm; qufqHMuw,f r[kwf
vm;...}}
]]bmjzpfvdkY tpfudku udk,fhudk,fudk txifao;oGm;&ovJqdkwm uRefrodygw,fav/ 'gayr,fh tpfudkY
taeeJY udk,fu,
dk fudk tJoavmuf txifao;zdkY rvdkygbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
892
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vif;vif;u bmawG odaewmvJ/ ajymprf;ygOD;}}
]]tpfudkYudk 0gqef;*dkPf;u ESifxkwv
f kdufvkdY 'Davmuf pdwfysufaewm r[kwfvm;}}
wGif vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf oufjyif;&SnfMuD;csum acgif;idkufpdkuf usoGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\
vufudk vif;vif;u udkifqGJum ...
]]tpfudk bmawGawG;jyD; pdwfqif;&J aewmvJ[if}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;udk MunfhjyD; ...
]]tpfudkYtaeeJY r,foDv&ifawG&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vkyfae&awmh wpfrsKd;MuD;ayghuGm/ b,fa,mufsm;yJ jzpfjzpf
tpfudkYae&m a&mufvm&if tpfudkYvdkyJ cHpm;&rSmyJ/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u odkY ajymvdkufaomtcg vif;vif;u jyHK; ...
]]r,foDv&SifawGMum;rSm tpfudk wpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfawmhygbl;/ 'DaeY [efqef;*dkPf;xJ 0ifvdkufwJh
a,mufsm;odkif;orm;awG enf;ovm;/ tpfudkYtaeeJY &SufzkdY rvdkygbl;}}
]][m .. [kwfom;yJ/ 'DudpeJY ywfoufjyD; vif;vif;udkawmif aus;Zl; rqyf&ao;bl;}}
]]awmfyg}}
olwdkYESpfa,muf pum;wajymajymjzifh avQmufvmMu&m [efqef;awmifajcteD;odkY a&mufvmMuawmh\/
cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS odkif;orm;wpfpk pum;ajym&if; &,farmaeoHrsm;udkyif Mum;ae&ayjyD/ xdktcdkufwGif vif;vif;u
ajcvSrf;rsm;udk wHkYueJ &yfvkdufjyD; ...
]]tpfudk .. uRefrwkdY avmavmq,f vrf;cGJoGm;Mu&if aumif;r,f/ azazhudpu odyfta&;MuD;aew,f/
tJ'gjyD;rS uRefrwdkY jyefawGUMur,f}}
]]vif;vif; .. rif;wkdY r[l&m awmifukef;udk oGm;MuawmhrvdkYvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ oGm;Muawmhr,f}}
]]'Dvdkqdk tpfudkvnf; twlwl vdkufcJhr,fav/ bmyJ ajymajym wpfwyfwpftm;awmh 0ifwkdufEdkifrSmyJ}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;rSm 0if;vufawmufyoGm;awmh\/ EIwfrSrl...
]]tpfudku 'DaeYrS [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfjzpfwm 'DaeYyJ uRefraemufvdkuv
f m&if raumif;bl;xifw,f/}}
]]wHk;zef;ykudk wkdufcdkufzdkY udp[m omrefr[kwfygbl;/ 'gudk vif;vif;vJ odrSmyg/ 'Davmuf cufcJwJh
wkdufyGJMuD;rSm rif;uawmh pGefYpGefYpm;pm;wkdufjyD; tpfudku ab;u &yfMunfhae&rSmvm;}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]a,mufsm;odkif;orm;awG [efqef;awmifay:rSm trsm;MuD;&SdaeMuw,f/ olwdkYu pdwfcs&
wmr[kwfbl;/ awmfawmfMum [efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&ifawGeJY rdef;uav;awGudk oGm;jyD; aESmifh,Sufae&if
b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ}}
]]'gu jyem r&Sdygbl;/ rif;uom trdefYwpfcGef;ay;xm;vdkuf/ tJonfvlawG bmrS rvkyf&Jbl;/ olwkdY
taMumif; tpfudk aumif;aumif; odw,f}}
wGif vif;vif;u 0rf;omtm;& ajymvkdufonf/
]]tpfudkom uRefreJY twlvdkufr,fqdk&if ... tazhudk,fpm; uRefru aus;Zl;trsm;MuD; wifygowJh&Sif}}
[efqef;awmifay: olwdkYa&mufMuaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;tm; xHk;pHtwdkif; aeMujyD;
okdif;ynmrsm;udk MudK;MudK;pm;pm; avhusihf&ef rSmMum;\/ olurl vif;vif;tm; ulnD&eftwGuf acw vdkufyg
oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; today;vdkufonf/
vif;vif;rlum; [efqef;awmif\ wpfzufawmifukef;odkY ul;oGm;um [efqef; *dkPf;om;opfrsm;tm;
[efqef;awmifrMuD;zufodkY vHk;0 ul;oGm;jcif;rjyK&ef? [efqef;awmifrS r,foDv&ifrsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;udk
vHk;0 taESmifht,Sufray;&ef/ wm;jrpfcsufudk azmufzsufolwikd f;tm; ao'Pfay;rnf[k trdefYxkwfvdkuf
onf/
aemufwpfaeYeHeufwGif vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;u tm;vHk;udk EIwfquf [efqef;awmifay:rS qif;ouf
awmh\/ vif;vif;\ zcifjzpfol vif;&SifESifh yl;aygif;&ayawmhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
893
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; wHk;zef;yk\ bufawmfom;rsm; r&dyfrdap&ef kyfzsufoGm;Mu&\/ vrf;wpf0ufwGif

qefYuGrf;wdkYESifh wkd;rdMuonf/ qefYuGrf;u ol\i,fom;rsm;udkyg ac:um vif;vif;aemufodkY vdkufygvmawmh
onf/
wpfnwGif wnf;ckdcef;wpfckESpfOD;wnf; at;at;vlvl pm;aomufaeMu&if; vif;vif;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u
ar;vdkufonf/
]]odkif;avmurSm wHk;zef;yk[m ESpfwpf&mtwGif; tawmfqHk; odkif;orm;vdkY ajymMuw,f/ tJ'g [kwf&JUvm;}}
]]wHk;zef;yk&JU OmPf&nfuawmh ajymp&mr&Sdatmif aumif;wmtrSefyJ/ tazhtaMumif; tpfudkodrSmaygh/ taz
[m tvGefPfaumif;wJo
h lyg/ tJ .. tazhvkd vlrsKd;udkawmif jzKwfcsjyD; *dkPf;csKyfvkyfwJh wHk;zef;ykudkawmh
ajymp&mr&Sdbl; ... odkif;ynmuawmh uRefrvJ rajymwwfbl;/ tckaemufydkif;ESpfawGrSm olYudk uRefr odyfrawGU
awmhbl;}}
]]vif;vif;vdkrsKd; tifrwef ta&;ay;cH&wJh vlrsKd;awmif olYudk rawGU&bl;qkdawmh b,folrsm; awGUzkdY
vG,fawmhrvJ/ odkif;acgif;aqmifMuD;awG[m tJ'Dvydk J [dwfMuD; [efMuD;awG vkyfwwfMuovm;}}
]]'gvnf; taMumif;wpfck jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ 'gayr,hf uRefrtxifudk ajym&&ifawmh ol[m ]aeMumyef;
odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk avhusifhaewmyJ jzpf&r,f/ onfhjyiftaMumif;awmh pOf;pm;vkdY r&bl;}}
]]'gqdk&if *dkPf;udk b,fol tkyfcsKyfay;aeovJ/ olu vlMum;xJ rxGufyJeJY tcef;tmif;ae&if *dkPf;&JU udp
t00udk olYtpm; wpfa,mufa,mufuawmh tkyfcsKyfay;ae&rSmyJ}}
]][kwfw,f/ tkyfcsKyfay;aewJh vlwpfa,mufawmh &Sdw,f/ olYemrnfu &efvifwJh}}
]]bm .. &efvif .. [kwfvm;/ tJ'Demrnfudk wpfcgrSvnf; rMum;zl;ygvm;/ bmvJ olu *dkPf;om;topf
vm;/ 'gqdk&ifvnf; odkif;ynm odyfaumif;vdYv
k m;/ 'grSr[kwf pDrHcefYcGJrI odyfawmfvkdYvm;}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmwGif tajym&cufaom trlt&mrsm;ay:vm\/ olr\EIwfrS pum;vHkrsm; awmfawmfESifh
rxGufyJ jzpfaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u twif;ar;rS...
]]ajym&rSmawmif GHUw,f/ 'Dudpudk *dkPf;xJu vlwkdif;odMuw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;jyifuawmh wpfa,mufrS
rodMuygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm odvdkaom qErsm; jyif;xefonfxuf jyif;xefvmojzifh...
]]nDrav; .. ajymprf;ygOD;}} [k ar;vkdufjyef\/
vif;vif;u ... ]]&efvifqdkwJhvlu odkif;ynmvnf; rawmfbl;/ vkyf&nfudkif&nfvnf; bmrSr&Sdbl;/ 'gay
r,fh wHk;zef;yku olrSolyJ/ olYudk oabmusaew,f}}
ajym&if;ajym&if; vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;rSm eD&JwGwfvmonf/ GH&Smaom yHkav;vJ ay:vmonf/ onf
awmhrS vifh[lcsKH;u vufueJ tawG;aygufoGm;onf/
]]aMomf .. aMomf .. &efvifqdkwm wHk;zef;yk&JU a,mufsm;cspfoludk; .. vufpowfawmh wHk;zef;yku ...}}
]]rajymygeJYawmh tpfudk&,f/ uRefr em;&Sufw,f/ tJ'D &efvifaMumifh *dkPf;xJu vlawG 'kutrsm;MuD;
a&mufcJhMuw,f/ olu tESpf&SdwJhvlrS r[kwfwm/ 'DvdkvlrsKd; tkyfcsKyfvdkufawmh *dkPf;om;awG 'kurawGUyJ
aeygawmhrvm;}}
xdkpOf jywif;ayguf tjyifzufrS vlwpfa,muf\ cyftkyftkyf &,foHwpfcskufudk Mum;vdkufMu&onf/
wpfqufwnf; xko
d lu ajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dpum; rSm;w,f/ igwkdYu &efvifudkawmif aus;Zl;wifzkdY aumif;wm}}
vif;vif;u 0rf;omtm;& vTwfueJ atmfvkdufrdonf/
]]azaz}}
vif;vif;u wHcg;udk zGifhay;vdkuf\/ vif;&SifESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYESpfa,muf at;aq;pGm avQmuf0ifvm
Muonf/ olwkdYESpfa,mufonfvnf; kyfzsufxm;Muonf/ kwfw&uf MunfhvkdufvQif olwkdYonf vlpdrf;
ESpfa,muftvm; xifrSwfp&myif/ toHom rMum;rdvQif vif;&SifrSef; odEdkifvdrhfrnf r[kwfacs/ kyfzsuf
aumif;vSayonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
894
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;&Siu
f xkdifcsvdkufjyD; pum;pwif ajymonf/
]]'D&ufawGrSm igeJY &SefY0efYxif; em;csdef tifrwef enf;aew,f}}
]]bmawG 'Davmuf tvkyfrsm;aewmvJ azaz/ wkdufyGJtwGuf jyifqifaeovm;}}
]]'gaygh .. wdkufyGJtwGuf tvkyfrsm;aewmaygh/ igeJY &SefY0efYxif;u vla[mif;awGudk jyefjyD; pnf;kH;ae&wm/
tpu pnf;kH;&wm tawmfuav; cufr,fvdkY igu xifxm;wm/ tckawmh vG,frS tvGefvG,foa[h/
olwkdYtm;vHk;vdkvdk wHk;zef;ykudk rauseyfyJ jzpfaeMuwmudk;}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;udk vifh[lcsKH;a&m vif;vif;yg tvGefpdwfyg0ifpm;pGm em;axmifaerdMu\/ vifh[lcsKH;
taejzifh ydkpdwf0ifpm;onf/ &efvifqdkonfhvlu Zmwfvrf;wGif t"du Zmwfaqmif jzpfaeonfudk &dyfrd
ovdkvdk &SdaomaMumifhjzpf\/ vif;&Sifu quf ...
]]*dkPf;om;awGu wHk;zef;ykudk rauseyfMubl;/ txl;ojzifh &efvifqdkwJhaumifudk rauseyfMubl;/ olYudk
rauseyfawmh wHk;zef;ykudk tjypfjrifawmhwmaygh/ 'D&efvifuvnf; wHk;zef;ykudk b,fvdk csOf;uyfvkdufovJ rod
bl;/ wpfcgwnf; tmPmtm;vHk; olYvufxJ a&mufoGm;awmhwmyJ/ wu,fhudk aMumufp&m aumif;wJhaumif}}
vif;&Siu
f pum;udk acw&yfvsuf pm;yGJay:rS t&ufwpfcGufudk armhvkdufjyD;rS qufajymonf/
]]tJ'D &efvifqdkwJh igwkdY rdwfaqGMuD;u olMudKufwJhvlawGudk &mxl;wifay;w,f/ rMudKuf&if &mxl;uae
jzKwfcsypfw,f/ owfypfw,f/ &Sif;vif;ypfw,f/ ESdyfpufw,f/ &efvifqdkwJhaumif vkyfaewm tJ'DtvkyfawGyJ/
'Daumifu eif;uefvkyfav/ *dkPf;om;awGu wHk;zef;ykudk rausreyfjzpfav/ 'gaMumifh igwkdYu olYudk aus;Zl;
wifoifhwmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;&Sifudk axmufcHvu
kd fonf/ vif;vif;u &,fum ar;vdkufonf/
]]'geJY uRefrwkdY 'Dudk a&mufaew,fqdkwm tazu b,fvdk odovJ}}
vif;&Siu
f w[m;[m; &,fvkduf&if; ...
]]orD;&JU OD;av;qefYuGrf;eJY awGUvkduf&wmudk;/ 'DawmhrS olu tazhbufa&mufaerSef; odw,f/ orD;wkdY
'Da&mufaew,fqdkwmyg od&awmhwmaygh}}
]]azaz .. r[l&m awmifukef;udk b,fawmhoGm;MurSmvJ/ tpDtpOfawGaum vkyfjyD;yvm;}}
]]tif; .. taz 'D&ufawGrSm 'Davmuf tvkyfrsm;aewm 'DtwGufaMumifhaygh/ tpDtpOf tm;vHk;
qGJxm;jyD;jyD/ taz owif;wpfck &xm;w,f/ wHk;zef;yku vlvTwfjyD;awmh wHk;ay&Sefudk zrf;cdkif;xm;owJh}}
vif;vif;u tHhMopGmjzifh ... ]][kwfvm; azaz/ b,fvdkjzpfwmvJ/ olu wHk;zef;yktay: t&rf;opm&SdwJh
vlr[kwfvm;}}
]][m .. opm&SdjyDvm;/ wHk;ay&Sefqdkwm igwkdYoGm;jyD; pnf;Hk;wmawmif r&bl;/ 'gukdawmifrS wHk;zef;yku
zrf;zdkY trdefYxkwfxm;owJh/ 'DudptwGufeJY r[l&mawmifukef;rSm 'Dnawmh IyfIyfaxG;axG; jzpfaeOD;rSm
jrifa,mifao;w,fa[h ... }}
ajym&if;qd&k if; vif;&Sifu tMuHaygufoGm;um ...
]][kwfw,f ... igwkdY 'DnyJ r[l&m awmifukef;ay: wufMur,f}}
&SefY0efYxif;u 0if ajymvdkufonf/
]]'Dudpudk rqHk;jzwfcif qefYuGrf;eJY t&ifqHk; wkdifyifMunfhwm aumif;vdrhfr,feJYwlw,f/ r[l&mawmifukef;
u aemufqHk;owif;awGeJY ndjyD; jyifqifEdkifwmaygh}}
jyD;aemuf &SefY0efYxif;u qefYuGrf;udk ac:vkdufonf/ tcef;xJodkY 0ifvmjyD; vif;&Sifudk awGUonfESifh
qefYuGrf;u 'l;axmufum tav;jyKvdkufonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; oufawmf&mausmf &Snfygap}}
qefUuGrf;udk MunfhvdkufjyD; vif;&Sifu atmf&,fvdkufum ...
]]a[h .. qefYuGrf; .. rif;u ighudk {u&mZfMuD;rsm; rSwfaevdkYvm;/ 'Davmufawmif tdktaoay;zkdY rvdkyg
bl;uGm/ xyg}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]azaz ... 'gu wHk;zef;yk&JU pnf;urf;yJ/ *dkPf;om;wkdif; olYudkawGUwmeJY 'l;axmufjyD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
895
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tJovdk ajym&w,f/ olYtrdefYudk remcHwJhvlawGudk &uf&ufpufpuf tjypf'Pfay;w,f/ tJonfawmh rvkdufemyJ

rae&Jbl;aygh}}
vif;&Siu
f ]][ .. wHk;zef;yku tJonfavmufxd pdwfMuD;0ifaeyvm;}}
]]'Davmuf b,furvJ azaz/ *dkPf;xJrSm olcsxm;wJh pnf;urf;awGu trsm;MuD;yg ... 'gu wpfckyJ
&Sdao;wm/ OD;av; qefYuGrf;vJ tusifhygoGm;jyD; tckvkd ajymaerdwm}}
]]at;av... tusifhygwmudk azsmuf&wm odyfrvG,fvSbl;/ 'gayr,fh igu {u&mZfMuD; r[kwfwmudkvnf;
owdxm;OD; ... 'geJY qefUuGrf; .. wHk;zef;yku vlvTwfNyD;awmh wHk;ay&Sefudk zrf;cdkif;xm;w,fvdkY igwkdYMum;w,f/
'Dowif;aMumifh r[l&mawmifukef;rSm vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaevdrhfr,fvdkY igxifw,f/ 'Dawmh igwdkY 'DnyJ
awmifukef;ay: wufwkdufMu&if b,fvdkaervJ/ rif;txifudk ajymygOD;}}
qefYuGrf;u ... ]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ajymwJhowif;u rSefygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ,lqovdk *dkPf;xJrSm vIyfvIyf
&Sm;&Sm; jzpfaer,fvdkY uRefawmfvnf; xifygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wdkY wkdufcdkufr,fqdk&if 'Dn[m tifrwef
oifhavsmfygw,f}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]azaz .. oGm;wdkufr,fqkdwmawmh [kwfygjyD/ 'gayr,fh r[l&m awmifuke;f ay: b,fvkd
wufMurvJ/ wufzkdY rvG,fbl;eJY wlw,f/ wHk;zef;yku tjrJwrf; owd0D&d,xm;wm/ tckqkd&if tazh&efudk
aMumuf&if ydkawmif wif;Muyfxm;OD;r,f}}
vif;&Siu
f qefYuGrf;zufodkY vSnfh ar;vdkufonf/
]]ighorD;ajymwJhtcsufu pOf;pm;oifhwJh tcsufyJ ... qefYuGrf; .. vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;cdkif;vkdufwkef;u rif;udk
wHk;zef;yku b,fvkd trdefYay;vdkufovJ}}
qefYuGrf;u ajzvdkufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;rdzkdYu odyfta&;MuD;w,fwJh/ r& &atmif zrf;cJhwJh/ t&Sifr&vnf; taozrf;cJw
h Jh}}
vif;&Siu
f tm;&yg;& jyHK;um ... ]][kwfjyD... qefYuGrf; .. 'DaeYn vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;jyD; ac:oGm;vdkufprf;}}
qefYuGrf;u aMumufvefYwMum; jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]q&mav; vifh[lcsKH;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU vufkH;awmfyJ/ uRefawmf rvkyf&Jygbl;}}
vif;&Siu
f &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
]]r[kwfao;bl;av/ igu vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;oGm;qdkwmu y&d,m,feYJ zrf;oGm;cdkif;wm/ wHk;zef;yk &SdwJhae&m
udk ta&mufoGm;zkYd b,fvG,fvdrhfrvJ/ rif;uom vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;oGm;&if olu csufcsif;ac:awGUrSm/ 'gudk
awG;rdvdkY vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;oGm;cdkif;wm}}
vif;vif;u oabmuspGm &,fvkdufonf/
]]azazhtMuH w,faumif;wmyJ/ wHk;zef;yk b,fvdk ykef;rvJ/ uRefrwdkYu OD;av; qefYuGrf;&JU i,fom;awGvdk
[efaqmifjyD; vkdufoGm;kHyJaygh/ wHk;zef;yku ac:awGUwmeJY tm;vHk; 0dkif;jyD; wkdufMuwmaygh/ olu ]aeMumyef;
odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk avhusifhxm;w,f/ b,favmufxd tpGrf;xufovJawmh rodbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]bmjzpfovJ... ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} b,favmufyJ tpGrf;xufxuf/ 'Davmuf
vltrsm;MuD;udkawmh Edkifatmif wdkufcu
dk fEdkifrSm r[kwfygbl;/ igwkdYu olYudk tiftm;eJY zdjyD;wdkufrSmyJ}}
&SefY0efYxif;u 0if ... ]]nDav; .. rif;udk zrf;oGm;w,fvdkY vkyfwJhtcgrSm obm0uszdkY ta&;MuD;ao;w,f/
olu vHk;0 oHo,r&SdrS igwdkYudp atmifjrifrSm}}
]][kwfuJh tpfudkMuD; .. tpfudkMuD;u bmawGrsm; jrifxm;ovJ}}
]]taumif;qHk;uawmh nDav;taeeJY 'Pf&m jyif;jyif;xefxef &aewJhyHkpHrsKd; [efaqmif&r,f/ ajcaxmuf
awG vufawGrSm ywfwD;pD;xm;&r,f/ jyD;&if ywfwD;ay:uae aoG;awGbmawG okwfay;xm;&r,f/ rif;udk
'gPf&mtemw&r&SdyJ zrf;vmEdkifw,fqkd&if b,fvdkrS ,kwd&SdrSm r[kwfbl;}}
]][m .. [kwfw,f/ tpfudkMuD; pOf;pm;wmu tao;tzGJav;ayr,fh tifrwef ta&;MuD;wmyJ/ qufajym
ygOD; tpfudkMuD;}}
]]aemufjyD;awmh rif;udk xrf;pifeJY wifoGm;&r,f/ tJonf xrf;pifu dk;dk;xrf;pif r[kwfbl;/ "m;awGudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
896
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xrf;pif&JU 0g;vHk;&SnfawGxJrSm 0SufoGm;&r,f/ 'gqdk&if b,fvkdrS r&dyfrdEdkifawmhbl;}}

tm;vHk;u &SefY0efYxif;\ tMuHudk csufcsif; oabmwl axmufcHvdkufonf/ csufcsif;yif tm;vHk; tqifoifh
jyifqifMuav\/ vif;&Sif? &SefY0efx
Y if;ESifh vif;vif;wdkYoHk;a,mufu kyfzsufjyD; xrf;pifudk xrf;Mu\/
tppt&m&m ppfaq;jyD; pdwfauseyfaomtcgrS r[l&m awmifukef;odkY csDwufMuavawmh\/
r[l&m awmifukef;\ awmifwufvrf;odkY a&mufvmacsjyD/ vrf;wpfavQmufvHk; aerif;ocif*dkPf;om;rsm;
uif;txyfxyf apmifhMuyfaeMuaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/ uif;ykef;0yfaeolrsm; rnfrQ &Sdrnfudk rcefYrSef;Edkifay/
tapmifhtMuyf rsm;jym;vSaomfvnf; qefYuGrf;ygvmonfhtwGuf vG,fulpGm jzwfausmfvmEdkifMuonf/
tapmifhrsm;onf qefYuGrf;udk tvGefdkaopGm qufqHMu\/ olwkdYtm; vHk;0 ppfaq;jcif;r&SdyJ jzwfausmfcGifhay;
vdkufMu\/
XmecsKyfokYd a&mufcgeD;wGif xyfrH owif;ydkY&jyefonf/ vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;rd a&muf&SdvmjyD qkdonfh owif;
aywnf;/ jyD;aemufwGif qefYuGrf;wkdY tm;vHk;rSm c&D;rqufEkdifawmhyJ &yfapmifhMu&onf/
twefMumrS *dkPf;om;wpfOD;u ydwf0gwpfcsyfudkif qif;vmonf/ bk&ifhtrdefYpmcRef zwfonfhavoHrsKd;
ESifh wHk;zef;yku olESifhawGYqHk&ef qefYuGrf;tm; qifhac:vkdufaMumif; zwfjyavawmh\/
&SefY0efYxif;udk vSrf;MunfhvkdufjyD; vif;&Sifu rJhjyHK;jyHK;jyvdkufonf/ c&D;xyfquf Mu&jyefonf/ oHwHcg;
rMuD;oHk;ckukd jzwfausmfvmjyD;aomtcgrS awmifukef;xdyfodkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmhonf/ aemufqHk;ydwfwGif
ausmufwHcg;MuD; wpfcsyfa&SUodkY a&mufvmaomtcg qefYuGrf;u atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]vuf,m&H qefYuGrf;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU trdefYt& a&SUawmfarSmufudk a&mufygjyD}}
xdktcgrS MuD;rm;aom ausmufwHcg;csyfMuD; waGUaGU yGifhoGm;um vlav;a,mufxGufvmMuonf/
a&SUqHk;xGufvmolu ...
]]vuf,m&HMuD;u ay;tyfvkdufwJhwm0efukd atmifatmifjrifjrif xrf;GufcJhwmudk;/ qkawmfvmbfawmfawG
awmh &OD;rSmyJ/ 'geJY vuf0J&HMuD; ydkufyka&m rawGUygvm;}}
qefYuGrf;u ... ]]vuf0J&HMuD;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD;twGuf olYtoufudk ay;pGefYoGm;ygw,f/ tckzrf;rdvmwJh
vlu taotvJ ckcHwkdufcdkufwm .. uRefawmfawmif uHaumif;axmufrvkdY zrf;rdwmyg}}
]]aMomf .. 'Dvdkqdk&if vuf,m&HMuD;udk &mxl; wkd;wufay;oifhwmaygh}}
qefYuGrf;u ... ]]wu,fvdkYom &mxl;wdk;ay;r,fqdk&if uRefawmfu cifAsm;&JU aus;Zl;udk rarhygbl;}}
xdkvlu tm;&auseyfpGmjzifh vufESpfzufudk yGwfoufum vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ olvSrf;Munfhvkduf&mrSm
um; vifh[lcsKH;jzpfonf/ xrf;pifay: yufvufuav; ygvmaom vifh[lcsKH;tm; MunfhvkdufjyD; ...
]]aerif;orD;awmfuav; rsufpdusaewm 'Daumifvm; .. orD;awmfav; rsufpdusaew,fqkdawmh awmf
awmfav; kyfacsmr,fxifaecJhwm/ tckawmh 'DavmufMuD;vJ r[kwfygvm;/ vluvnf; aoaumifaygif;vJ
jzpfaejyD/ toufrS &Sdao;&JUvm;}}
]]&Sdygw,f .. &Sdygw,f... 'Pf&mu odyfjyif;xefaevdkYyg}}
ajymajymqkdqkdESihf olwkdYtm;vHk; txJodkY 0ifvmMuonf/ jyD;aemuf a&SUquf0if&ef ajcvSrf;rsm; jyifvdkuf
aomtcg xdkvlu vufwpfcsufwm;um ...
]]tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;u cifAsm;udk awGUcsifw,fwJh/ 'DrSmyJ apmifhaeMuyg}}
]][kwfuJh .. apmifhaeyghr,f}}
qefYuGrf;onf yg;pyfrSajymvkdufum xyfrHapmifhqkdif;ae&jyefonf/ tcsdeftwef Mumonfhwkdif tkyfcsKyfa&;
rSL;u xGufrvmEdkifay/ qefYuGrf;wkdYrSm rnfodkYrQrwwfEdkifyJ pdwf&SnfpGmjzifh apmifhaeMu&jyefonf/
xrf;pifay: vIyfr&aom vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,mufrSm pdwfr&SnfEdkifatmif jzpfvmawmhonf/
]]'DtkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;qkdwmu b,folvJ/ olu qefYuGrf;vkd vuf,m&HMuD;udkawmif 'DrSm &yfapmifhcdkif;w,fqdk
awmh 'Daumifu b,favmuf wefcdk;MuD;vdkYvJ .. {uE .. &efvifqdkwJh aumifrsm;vm; rodbl;}}
odkYjzihf tcsdefMumjrifhpGm apmifhqkdif;jyD;rS ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&jyefawmhonf/ xkdol\ ajcoHudkMum;
vdkufonfESihf odkif;ynm tvGefnHhrSef; odomvSonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
897
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vlwpfa,muf twGif;cef;xJrS xGufvmawmhonf/ udk,fvHk;udk,fxnfrSm awmifhwif; MuHhckdifvSjyD; kyf&nf

uvnf; cHhnm;onf/ toufvnf;i,fonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wtHhwMojzifh ... ]]vif;vif;ajymwkef;uawmh &efvifqkdwm wHk;zef;yk&JU a,mufsm; cspfolvdkvdk
... EGJUEGJUaESmif;aESmif; ... aysmhaysmhaysmif;aysmif; rdef;r&Smav; jzpfr,fvkdY igxifxm;wm/ tckawmh b,fhESmMuD;vJ
usm;usm;,m;,m; wu,fha,mufsm;MuD;ygvm;/ w,fvnf; xl;qef;ygvm;}}
xdktcdkufrSmyif usm;usm;,m;,m;&Sdaom xkda,mufsm;MuD;u pum;pwifajymawmh\/ kyf&nfESifhvdkuf
atmif toHMoZm aumif;vSaMumif; tm;vHk;yif owdjyKvdkufrdMu\/
]]vuf,m&HMuD; ... 'Dwpfcgvnf; ay;tyfvkdufwJh wm0efudk atmifjrifatmif xrf;aqmifEdkifcJhjyD/ cifAsm;udk
*dkPf;om;wkdif; twk,zl kdY aumif;w,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u cifAsm;udk odyfoabmusaewmyJ}}
qefYuGrf;u cg;udkudkif; ... ]]uRefawmfh t&nftcsif;aMumifh atmifjrifwm r[kwfygbl;/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU
bkef;wefcdk; t&Sdeft0gu odyfaumif;w,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh atmifjrifwmyg/ aemufjyD; tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;&JU
tpDtpOf aumif;rIudkvnf; rsufuG,fjyKvdkY r&ygbl;}}
&efvifu auseyfpGm jyHK;vdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf xrf;pifem;odkY avQmufvmjyD; vifh[lcsKH;udk aocsmMunhf
onf/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; rsufpdudk arS;um tjyif;txef 'gPf&m&aeaom vlwpfa,muf\ yHkpHrsKd; okyfygyg
[efaqmifjyvdu
k fonf/ &efvifu oHo,jzifh ar;vkdufonf/
]]'DvlYMunf&h wm raor&SifeJY vifh[lcsKH;rS [kwf&JUvm;}}
qefYuGrf; ... ]][kwfygw,f/ vifh[lcsKH; tppfyg/ uRefawmfu vuf0g;apmif; ESpfcsufdkufjyD;awmh taMum
rMuD;oHk;ckukd xkd;ydwfxm;vkdY 'Davmuf 'Pf&m jyif;xefaewm/ ydkufykuvnf; taocHjyD; wkdufoGm;awmh ol
txdemoGm;wmaygh}}
&efvifu &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]]qefYuGrf; .. *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u csD;usL;ayr,fh cifAsm;udk aerif;orD;awmfav;uawmh enf;enf;rS auseyfrSm
r[kwfbl;/ olYcspfoludk 'Davmuf ESdyfpufxm;awmh ocifrav;u cifAsm;udk vmowfaeOD;r,f .. [m; ... [m;}}
qefYuGrf;u dkdkaoaojzifh ...
]]uRefawmfuawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ay;tyfwJh wm0efeJY trdefYudk woa0rwdrf; ausyGefatmif xrf;aqmifzdkYyJ
odygw,f/ olrsm;awGu uRefawmfhtay: b,fvkdyJ xifjrifygap/ b,fvdkyJ &efjyKygap/ vHk;0*krpdkufygbl;}}
]]aumif;w,f ... aumif;w,f ... cifAsm;&JU opm&SdrIuawmh wu,fhudk csD;usL;avmufygw,f/ *dkPf;csKyf
MuD;vnf; tJ'gudkodatmif usKyfajymjyay;&rSmaygh/ 'geJY wHkay&Seq
f dkwJhaumif opmazmufwmudk cifAsm;Mum;
vdkufao;vm;}}
]]Mum;ygw,f ... }}
]]'Daumifu usKyfwkdY*dkPf;&JU opmazmuf vif;&SifeJY &SefY0efYxif;udk vufcHpum;ajymw,fav/ 'Dvdkqdku
wnf;u olYudk b,fvdk,Hk&awmhrvJ/ [kdopmazmuf ESpfaumif&JU vljzpfoGm;jyD/ usKyfwkdY*dkPf;&JU opmazmuf jzpf
oGm;jyD/ 'gaMumifh olYudk zrf;cdkif;vkduf&wmyJ}}
qefYuGrf;udk pdkufMunfhjyD; &efvifu qufajymvkdufonf/
]]usKyfwkdY*dkPf;rSm cifAsm;vdk opm&SdolrsKd; trsm;BuD; vdktyfaew,f/ tckawmh cifAsm; yifyef;vmyHkyJ/ uJ ...
tem;,layawmh}}
&efvif\ pum;aMumifh qefYuGrf;rSm pdwf"gwfusoGm;awmhonf/ olu wGufcsufxm;onfrmS wpfrsKd;jzpf
onf/ ay;tyfonfw
h m0ef ausyGefonft
h wGuf wHk;zef;ykESifh wdkufkdufawGUqHkcGifh &rnf[k arQmfvihfxm;onf/
omreftm;jzihfqkdvQif taMumif;r[kw/f &efvif\ pum;twdkif; jyefkHomjzpfaomfvnf; ,ckrlum; ...
tuGufdkufvmonfrsm; tvum; jzpfawmhrnf/ qefYuGrf;u jzwfxdk;OmPfudk oHk;&awmh\/
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD;eJY uRefawmf awGUcsifygao;w,f/ tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;&JU tpDtpOf b,favmuf aumif;w,fqdkwm
udk wifjy&if;eJY uRefawmf[mvnf; 'DtpDtpOftwdkif; waoa0rwdrf; aqmifGufvkdY atmifjrifcJh&w,fqdkwm
tpD&ifcHcsifygw,f ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
898
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aemufwpfcsufu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU rsufESmudkawGY&if uRefawmfhtzdkY odyftm;wuf&ygw,f/ tvkyfvkyf&wm

vJ odyftm;&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdY uRefawmfhudk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;eJY awGUcGifhay;ygcifAsm;}}
]]avmavmq,frSm *dkPf;csKyfBuD;[m odyfaeraumif;bl;As/ 'Dawmh cifAsm;udk xGufawGUEdkifr,f rxifbl;}}
qefYuGrf;u ol\&ifbwfwGif;odkY vufEIdufvkdufonf/ jyefxkwfvdkufaomtcg ykvJq,fvHk;ygvmonf/
&efviftem;odkYuyfum vuf0g;ay:rS ykvJrsm;udkjy&if; wD;wkd;ajymvku
d fonf/
]]'gav;awG[m tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;twGuf uRefawmfh&JU vufaqmifyg/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;eJY awGUcGifh&csifwm
taMumif;rJh r[kwfygbl;/ tckqdk&if ay;tyfvkdufwJh wm0efudk uRefawmfu atmifjrifvmawmh *dkPf;csKyfBuD;eJY
awGUcJh&if uRefawmfhudk &mxl;wdk;ay;csifay;rSm/ wu,fvdkYrsm; &mxl;wdk;ay;&if tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;udk onfhxufru
aus;Zl;qyfyghr,f}}
&efvif\ rsufESmrSm jyHK;csKdoGm;um ysLysLiSmiSmjzihf ...
]]udk,fhvltcsif;csif;awGyJ/ 'Davmufawmh jzpfatmif vkyfay;&rSmaygh/ vufaqmifawG bmjzpfvdkY ,lvm&
wmvJ/ ... uJuJ .. cifAsm; 'DrSm apmifhae/ usKyf tajctae oGm;MunfhvkdufOD;r,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tm;vyfaer,f
qdk&if cifAsm;udk vSrf;ac:vdkufr,f/ [kwfjyDvm;}}
]][kwfuJhcifAsm ... odyfaus;Zl;wifwmyJ}}
&efvifu ykvJvHk;rsm;udk vSrf;,lvdkufjyD; olYtdwfxJ xnfhvkdufonf/ oGufvufjrefqefvSojzifh vif;&SifwkdY
yif jyHK;vdkufro
d nf/ xkdYaemuf &efvifu tcef;xJodkY jyef0ifoGm;awmh\/
twefMumrS vlwpfa,muf xGufvmjyD; ...
]]vuf,m&HBuD; .. oHkYyef; vifh[lcsKH;eJYtwl *dkPf;csKyfBuD; a&SUarSmuf cpm;ap}}
vif;&Si?f &SefU0efYxif;ESifh vif;vif;wdkYonf vifh[lcsKH;udkxrf;um qefYuGrf;aemufrS tomvdkufoGm;awmh
onf/ xpfaighaeaom tcuftcJwpfckum; qefYuGrf;\ tuGufjrifrIaMumifh ajyvnfoGm;cJh&avNyD/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
899
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pMuFvrf;wpfavQmufvHk; vuf0Jvuf,m tapmifhtMuyfrsm;jzifh jynfhESufae\/ wHk;zef;yk\ vHkjcHKa&;um

vGefpGm wif;MuyfvSawmhonf/ awmfkHtiftm;jzifh rnfodkYrQ xdk;azmufEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/ oGm;&if;rS tcef;wpfck
wGif;odkY a&mufvmMuonf/
xkdtcef;wGi;f odkY 0ifonfESifh olwkdYtm;vHk;\ acgif;udk iHkYxm;&onf/ bk&if{u&mZfMuD;rsm; a&SUawmfodkY
cpm;&onfhES,fwnf;/ ab;ESpfzufrS wyfom;rsm;u vufxJrS "m;rsm;udk ajrmufcsdefG,fxm;&onf/ olwkdYu
acgif;iHkY&if; xkd"m;rsm;atmufrS jzwfavQmufMu&onf/ xdktcsdefwGif "m;rsm;uom ckwfcsvdkuv
f Qif toufESifh
udk,f tdk;pm;uGJ&awmhronf/
vif;&Sio
f nf ol*dkPf;csKyfMuD;vkyfpOfu tajctaeESifh ,ck uGmjcm;vSonfudk awGU&aomtcg wHk;zef;yk\
aphpyfaocsmvSyHkudk pdwfxJrS csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]tif; ... wHk;zef;ykuawmh wu,fhudk awmfygayw,f/ ighudkjzKwfcscJhwJh oifcef;pmudk olYtvSnfhus&if
jyefrMuHKatmif aumif;aumif; umuG,fxm;wmyJ/ 'Davmuf tapmifhtMuyf txyfxyfMum;xJudk b,fvdkvlu
xkd;azmufEdkifrvJ/ tif;av ... olYtwGuf vdktyfwmu t&nftcsif;xuf opm&SdrIyJ .. awmfw,f/ 'Daumif
awmfawmfav; awmfw,f}}
pDwef;aeaom "m;rsm;atmufrS xGufvmjyD;aomtcg cef;rus,fMuD;wckodkY a&mufvmawmhonf/ cef;rMuD;
\ wpfzufpGef;&Sd cHkjrifhMuD;wpfckay:wGif toufcyfMuD;MuD; vlMuD;wpfa,muf xkdifvsuf&Sdaeonf/ wHk;zef;ykudk
awGUjrif&avjyD/
odkYaomf xkdifcHkonf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh a0;uGmvGef;aeojzifh rsufESmudk taotcsm rawGU&ay/ wHk;zef;ykudk
taotcsm jrifzl;csifaomfvnf; roJruGJ jzpfaeonf/ wHk;zef;ykudk od&SdjyD;jzpfonfh vif;&Sif? &SefY0efYxif;ESifh
vif;vif;wdkYyifvQif taotcsm rodEdkifMuay/ cefYrSef;ajctm;jzihfom wHk;zef;yk[k owfrSwfvdkufMuonf/
qefYuGrf;u 'l;axmufxkdifcsvdkufjyD; atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; oufawmf&mausmf &Snfygap}}
ab;rS vlwpfa,mufu aigufqwfqwfjzifhajymvdkufonf/
]]a[h ... [dkab;em;u aumifawGu bmjzpfvdkY *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk tdktaoray;wmvJ}}
vif;&Sio
f nf axmif;ueJ a'goxGufoGm;\/ odkYaomf ol\pdwfudk wnfNidrfatmif xdef;vdkufEdkif\/
olY&ifxJwGifrl aeao;oy? csKHxJu csKdaoG;vdkYwjrjr [laompdwfjzifh aw;rSwfxm;vdkuf\/
]]tif; .. tcsdefrwefao;bl; ... tcsdefrwefao;yJ &ifqkdif&if tpDtpOfawGtm;vHk; ysufpD;ukefr,f/ ... ig
tck 'l;axmufvdu
k fr,f ... tJ'DtwGuf cPae&if rif;&JY ta&cGHudk ETmypfNyD; qHk;rr,f}}
xdktawG;ESihf vif;&Sifonf 'l;axmufcsvkdufonf/ &SefY0efYxif;ESifh vif;vif;wkdYonfvn;f vif;&Sif\
t&dyftjcnftwdkif; 'l;axmufvdkufawmh\/
wHk;zef;yk\ ab;em;wGif &yfaeaom &efvifu ...
]]vuf,m&HMuD; ... *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU a&SUarSmufrSm wdkufyGJtaMumif;udk taotcsm &Sif;jyapAsm;}}
qefYuGrf;u ydkufyk rnfodkY usqHk;oGm;&onfudk zGJYEGJUum vnfq,fajymjyawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh wkdufcdkufMu
onf/ aemufqHk;wGif vifh[lcsKH;\ vuf0g;apmif;ESpfcsufrdum ykdufyk toufxGufoGm;jyD; ol(qefYuGrf;) \
vuf0g;apmif; ESpfcsufrdum vifh[lcsKH;udk zrf;rdcJhaMumif;ESifh ol\ vHMuKwfZmwfvrf;MuD;udk tqHk;owfvdkuf
onf/
wHk;zef;ykrSm wcsdefvHk; jidrfoufaeonf/ rnfonhfpum;rQrajym qefUuGrf;\ Zmwfvrf;udkom pl;pl;pdkufpkduf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
900
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
em;axmifaeonf/ qefYuGrf;\ Zwfvrf;vnf; ,kwdobm0 usvSojzifh oHo, vHk;0rjzpfyJ pdwf0ifwpm;

em;axmifae[efwlonf/
xdkYaemuf &efvifu qefYuGrf;udk csD;usL;*kPfjyKpum; ajymjyD; *dkPf;csKyfBuD; wHk;zef;yku qefYuGrf;udk
vuf,m&H&mxl;rS vuf0J&H&mxl;odkY wkd;jrifhay;vdkufaMumif; aMunmonf/ xdktcsdefxd wHk;zef;ykxHrS pum;wcGef;
rQxGufrvmay/
xdkYaemuf &efvifu *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tem;,lvkdjyDjzpf qefYuGrf; jyefoGm;EdkifjyDjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;avawmh
\/ xdktcg wHk;zef;yku xkdifckHrSxum aemufzufodkY vSnfh0ifoGm;awmh\/
]]uJ ... vkyfief;pMuawmh}}
vif;&Si\
f toHeufMuD;onf cef;rMuD;wckvHk; wkef[nf;oGm;apawmhonf/ wdkufyGJac:oH ay;jyD;onfESifh
vif;&Sifonf vTm;ueJckefausmfum wHk;zef;ykqD ajy;0ifoGm;awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onfvnf; xrf;pifxufrS ckefxvdkufum 0Sufxm;aom"g;udk qGJxkwfvkdufonf/ &SefY0efYxif;
uvnf; xrf;pif\twGif;rS ol\"m;udk xkwf,lvdkufonf/ vif;vif;rSmvnf; xkdYtwlyif/ vif;&Sif\ vufxJ
wGifrl usmyGwfwpfacsmif;awGU&\/
wpf'*FtwGif;rSmyif wHk;zef;ykxHrS atmfoHwpfcsuf xGufvmjyD; vJusoGm;awmh\/ vif;&Sifu w[m;[m;
&,fvdkufjyD; ...
]]'DwHk;zef;yku twkyJ}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh vif;&Sifu ol\usmyGwfudk wpfcsufxyfdkufvdkuf\/ &efvifudkoGm; &pfywfvdkufawmh
onf/ aemufwpfcsuf aqmifhqGJvkdufaomtcg &efvifrSm &yfwnf raeEdkifawmhyJ ypfvJusoGm;awmhonf/
wHk;zef;yktwkonf ukef;xjyD; xGufajy;&ef MudK;pm;vdkufonf/ odkY&mwGif vsifjrefvSaom vif;&Sifu
vnfukyfudk zrf;qGJxm;vdkufojzihf rajy;Ekdifawmhacs/ toufab;udk aMumufvefYvSojzihf kef;uefaeonfrSm
&,fp&m aumif;vSawmhonf/
xkdoltm; vif;&Sifu qGJajrmufvdkufjyD; ...
]]tm;vHk; em;axmifMuyg/ 'Daumif[m wHk;zef;yktjzpf [efaqmifxm;wJh vlyg/ wHk;zef;yk r[kwfygbl;}}
ajym&if;qd&k if; xkdvl\rsufESmudk qGJcGmvdkuf&m rsufESmzHk;wpfck uGmusoGm;jyD; trSefwu,fyif wHk;zef;yk
r[kwfaMumif; awGU&Sdvdkuf&awmhonf/
cef;rxJ&Sd tapmifhwyfom;rsm;rSm ai;aMumifum bmvkyf&rSef;rod jzpfukefawmhonf/ vif;&Sifu jcdrf;
ajcmufvkduo
f nf/
]]a[haumif .. rif;b,folvJ ajymprf; .. rajym&if acgif;wpfckvHk; aMurGoGm;atmif dkufypfvdkufr,f}}
xdkvlrSm wpfukd,fvHk; wkef,ifum oGm;csif; w*wf*wfdkufaeonf/ MudK;pm; ajym&Smygonf/
]]uRef ... uRef .. uRefawmf}}
xdkpum;rSae a&SUquf rajymxGufawmhay/
xkdpOf &efvif\taMumudk &SefY0efYxif;u xdk;ydwfjyD; ac:vmonf/ &SefY0efYxif;uvnf; wHk;zef;yktwkudk
vufdI;xkd;jyjyD; &efviftm; ...
]]'Daumifb,folvJ ajymprf;}}
&efvifu armufrmaom avoHjzihf ...
]]rif;u bmaumifrkdYvdkY ighudk ppfvm;aq;vm; vkyfae&ovJ/ wu,fawmh rif;[m igwkdY*dkPf;&JU opm
azmufyJ/ rif;vdkvlrsKd; r[l&mawmifukef;udk jyefrvm&bl;}}
&SefY0efYxif;u ceJYjyHK;jyHK;um ...
]][kwfw,f/ .. r[l&m awmifukef;udk jyefrvmoifhbl;/ 'gayr,fh rif;vdk vlYtrIdufawGudk &Sif;zdkY jyefvmcJh
wmyJ}}
ajym&if;qd&k if; &SefY0efYxif;u vuf0g;apmif;wpfcsuf xkwfvdkufonf/ &efvif\ ajcovHk;dk;wpfzuf
uRwfueJ usKd;oGm;awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
901
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&efvifrSm tawmfuav; csD;usL;zG,f&maumif;oljzpfonf/ olonf odkif;ynmrawmfaomfvnf; acgif;awmh

rmonf/ rsufESm wpfcsufrysufacs/
]]rif;wkdYu wu,fowd&Sd&if ighudk owfvdkufprf;/ 'Dvdk ESdyfpufwmrsKd;udk a,mufsm;yDowJhvlawG rvkyfbl;
uG}}
&SefY0efYxif;u &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]]b,f ... 'Dvdk vG,fvG,fav; aocsifvkdY &rvm;}}
aemufxyf vuf0g;apmif;wpfcsuf xkwfvdkufjyef&m &efvif\ usef&Sdaeao;aom ajcovHk;dk;wpfacsmif;yg
xyfusKd;oGm;jyefonf/ &efvifonf tHudk wif;wif;Mudwf cHaeonf/ wpfcGef;rS ratmfacs/
&SefY0efYxif;tm; vif;&Sifu avmaqmfvdkufonf/
]]nDav; &SefY0efYxif;? igwkdY tcsdefqGJvdkY rjzpfbl;/ wHk;zef;ykudk awGUatmif&SmzdkY ta&;MuD;w,f/ olYudk awGUrS
udpjywfrSm}}
vif;&Sio
f nf toHudk jrifh ...
]]tm;vHk; em;axmifMuyg/ ig[m wjcm;ol r[kwfbl;/ aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&SifyJ/ tck
aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;awGudk wHk;zef;yku rw&m; ESdyfpufaew,fqdkvYdk vmu,fwmyJ? tcktcsdefupjyD; igh&JU
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk jyef,lvdkufjyD}}
qefYuGrf;onf us,favmifpGm atmf[pfvu
kd fonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&Sif[m igwkdY&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tppfyJ/ 'DaeYupjyD; *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;[m *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
vif;&Sifudk opm&Sd&r,f}}
ajymajymqkdqdkjzifh qefYuGrf;u 'l;axmufum vif;&Siftm; qkawmif;ay;vdkufonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap}}
cef;rMuD;twGif;&Sd aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;tm;vHk;onf qefYuGrf;udk vuf,m&HMuD;tjzpf odxm;jyD;
jzpfonf/ qefYuGrf;uJhodkYaom xdyfoD;acgif;aqmifMuD;uyif vif;&Sifudk axmufcHaeojzihf olwdkYuvnf;
qefYusifzuf rjyKvdkawmh/ aemufwpfaMumif;rSmvnf; olwkdYtm;vHk;teuf &efvifESifh wHk;zef;ykudk rauseyfol
rsm;onf/ aMumufGHUom jidrfoufaeMujcif; jzpfonf/ ,ckvkd wHk;zef;ykudk z,f&Sm;rnfhvludk vkdvm;Muonf/
xkdYaMumifh cef;rMuD;twGif;wGif oHjydKifatmf[pfoHrsm; zHk;vTrf;oGm;awmhonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; vif;&Sif ... oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap}}
vif;&Sio
f nf cef;rMuD;\xdyf &yfum w[m;[m; &,faeawmh\/ ol\ rsufESmwGif yDwd jzpfaeonfrSm
jrifomayonf/ olESifh wefcdk;tmPmonf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm tvSrf;uGma0;aecJh&mrS ,ckjyefvnf ezl;pm qHk&jcif;
r[kwfygvm;}}
vif;&Siu
f ...
]]rif;wkdYtm;vHk; r[l&mawmifukef;&JU xGufaygufrSeforQ ydwfxm;vdkufyg/ tck tifrwef ta&;MuD;wJh
tcsdeftcgudk a&mufvmjyD/ b,folYukdrS awmifukef;tjyif ay;rxGuf&bl;}}
*dkPf;om;rsm;udk trdefYay;jyD;onfESihf vif;&Sifonf &efvif&Sd&modkY avQmufvmjyD; ...
]]&efvif .. rif;&JUowdudk igwu,f csD;usL;w,f/ rif;udk xyfjyD;awmh rESdyfpufcsifawmhbl;/ ckqkd&if
r[l&mawmifuek f;udk xGufaygufr&Sdatmif igwkdYydwfqdkYxm;vdkufjyD ... rif;udk igarwm&yfcHw,f/ igwdkYudk vrf;jy
yg/ wHk;zef;ykqD ac:oGm;ay;yg/ jywfjywfom;om; &Sif;&r,fh tcsdefa&mufaejyD/ usm;eJYqif v,fjyifrSm
awGYMuwmaygh/ 'grsKd;urS auseyfp&m aumif;w,f}}
&efvifu jyHK;vkdufjyD; ...
]]cifAsm;wkdYu 'Dvdk ajym&Jovm;/ 'g[m wHk;zef;ykudk txifao;&m a&mufw,f/ ol[m omref xdyfoD;
odkif;orm; r[kwfawmhbl;/ odkif;ynmtm;vHk;&JU txGwftxdyfudk a&mufaejyD/ r[modkif;ynm&Sif jzpfaejyD}}
tm;&yg;& ajymae&mrS &yfvkdufjyD; vif;&Sifudk aphaphMunfum &efvifu ajymvkdufonf/
]]cifAsm;wkdYudk olu raMumufao;bl;/ cifAsm;wdkY&JU odkif;ynmawG[m olYtwGuf uav;upm;p&m jzpfaejyD
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
902
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
... cifAsm;&JU pdefac:rIudk usKyf oabmusw,f/ MudKufw,f ... aumif;jyD ... usKyfvrf;jyr,f/ cifAsm;wdkYudk
olYqDac:oGm;ay;r,f/ cifAsm;wkdY&JU aorif;qDudk tm;&yg;& vdkufvmMuayawmh}}
&SefY0efYxif;u qefYuGrf;udk vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]usKyfwkdY ESpfa,muf avmavmq,f txrf;orm; vkyfvdkuf&atmif}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh &efvifudk xrf;pifay:wifvkdufjyD; olwdkYESpfa,muf twlxrf; xGufvmMuawmhonf/
&efvif nTefjyonfhtwdkif; b,fauGU? nmauGUjzifh wjznf;jznf; avQmufvmMu&m aemufqHk;wGif ajratmufcef;
wpfckodkY a&mufvmawmh\/
_____
ajratmuf vkdPfacgif;twGi;f tawmftwef avQmuf&ao;onf/ xdkrS xGufvkdufaomtcg tvGefw&m

vSyaooyfaom yef;jcHav;wpfckudk tHhMopzG,f awGUvdkuf&awmh\/
xdkyef;jcHav;wGif yef;aygif;rsKd;pHk pdkufxm;\/ zl;yGifhaeaom yef;rsm;\ arT;&eHUrsm;u oif;ysHUvsuf&Sd\/
a&uefi,fuav;vnf &Sdonf/ xdka&uefav;xJwGif vSyaom aTig;av;rsm; ul;cwfaeonf/ yef;jcHav;\
tvSonf &efvifrSty vltm;vHk;\ pdwfESvHk;udk vef;qef;MunfEl; oGm;aponf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;onf
ajratmufvkdPfacgif;\ wpfzuf rQ vSyaom Icif;&Sdaernf[k vHk;0 arQmfvifh rxm;cJhMuacs/
vifh[lcsKH;\ jyHK;a,mifa,mif rsufESmxm;udk vSrf;jrifvdkuf&aom vif;vif;u wkd;wkd;ar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudk .. 'Dae&mav;u rvSbl;vm;[if}}
]]odyfvSwmyJ .. wHk;zef;ykudk armif;xkwfjyD;&if vif;vif;eJY tpfudk 'Dae&mrSm ae&atmif ... vif;vif;u
tpfudkYudk wl&d,mwD;enf; oifay;av ... b,favmuf aysmfp&m aumif;vkdufrvJ}}
]]tpfudk wu,fajymwmaemf}}
]]tpfudku aemufae&rSmvm; .. awmfawmfMum wl&d,m twD;oifvdkY wynfhuav; nHhae&if bGm;bGm;u
pdwfrqdk;&bl;aemf}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ tajymaMumifh vif;vif;rSm MunfEl;oGm;jyD; cpfueJ &,frdawmh\/ olr\ pdwftpOfrSmvnf;
vGefcJhaom twdwfumvu olwdkYESpfOD;om; wl&d,mtwD;oifcJhonfh 0g;kHawmav;udk owd&rdvdkufawmhonf/
xdktcdkufrSmyif tdrfuav; wpfaqmifodkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ xkdtdrfuav;udkvnf; aecsifhpzG,f
jyifqifxm;onf/ tdrfav;em;odkY uyfvdu
k frdonfESif eHYomjzL tarT;&eHYrsm;udk IdIufvdkufrdMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf tdrfuav;tm; jyifqifxm;yHkudk vSnfhywfMunfhI&if; awG;rdonfrSm ...
]]'gu rdef;rawG&JU tdyfaqmifyJ/ wHk;zef;yku b,fhES,f 'Dae&mudk a&mufaewmvJ ... aMomf .. odjyD .. 'g[m
olYrdef;r&JU tcef;jzpf&r,f/ {uEawmh rdef;reJY taysmfMuL;aewmeJY tcsdefukefjyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tvkyfawGawmif
rvkyfEkdifawmhbl;eJY wlygw,f}}
xdkpOf tcef;wGif;rS vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]armifav; .. b,folawGudk ac:vmwmvJ}}
toHrSm pl;wl;wl;&SwwESifh a,mufsm;vdkvdk? rdef;rvdkvdk toHrsKd;jzpfonf/ Mum;&oltzkdY MuufoD;xzG,f&m
yif/
&efvifu ajzvdkufonf/ ]]rif;&JUoli,fcsif;awGudk ac:vmwmaygh/ olwkdYu rif;udk awGU&rS jzpfr,fwJh}}
]]rif;u bmjzpfvkdY ac:vm&ovJ/ 'Dae&m[m oD;oefYae&mqkdwm rif;rodbl;vm; ... 'Dae&mudk rif;u
vGJ&if b,folrS rvm&bl; ... rif;uvGJ&if b,folYudkrS rawGUcsifbl;/ rif;ac:vmwJh vlawGudk jyefvTwfvkduf}}
toHrSm a,mufsm;oHrSef; odomxif&Sm;onf/ odkY&mwGif atmufuvdtm toHrsKd; jzpfaeonf/ xdktoHudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
903
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
Mum;vdkufjyD;aemuf vifh[lcsKH; atmfuvDqefvmonf/ xkdYaMumifh tjcm;olrsm;udk vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/

vif;&Si?f &SefY0efYxif;? vif;vif;ESifh qefYuGrf;wkdYum; wHk;zef;ykudk t&ifuwnf;u oduRrf;jyD;olrsm; jzpf
rnfrQyif ajymif;vJapumrl toHonf wHk;zef;yk\toHrSef; odvdkufMu\/
olwdkYtm;vHk; ai;aMumifaerdonf/ wHk;zef;ykuJhodkYaom *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wpfa,mufonf tb,faMumifh rdef;r
wpfa,mufvdk kwkwk? c&mwmwm ajymae&oenf;/
rdk;aumif;uifMuD; jydKusvmonfudk awGUjrifvkduf& olrsm;uJhodkY olwdkY tm;vHk;onfvnf; tHhMowkefvyI f
aerdMuawmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
904
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[l&mawmifukef;
&efvifu oufjyif;csum vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]igu ac:vmcsifvdkY r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh ac:rvmvdkYvJ r&bl;/ olwkdYudk ac:rvm&if olwkdYu ighudk
owfvdrhfr,f ... ao&rSmaMumufvdkYawmh r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh igraocif rif;&JUrsufESmudk awGUoGm;csif
ao;w,f ... rif;&JU rsufESmudk rjrif&yJ aooGm;&if igtaoajzmifhrSm r[kwfbl;}}
tcef;xJrS toHu pl;&SpGm xGufay:vmawmh\/
]]b,folawGv/J 'Davmufawmif twifh&Jwm/ rif;udk tEdkifusihfae Muw,fayghav/ ac:cJhprf;/ olwkdYudk
tcef;xJac:cJhprf;/ ig aumif;aumif; qHk;rypfvdkufr,f}}
wGif vif;&Sifu vltm;vHk; tcef;wGif;0if&ef vuf[efjyvdkufojzifh qefYuGrf;ESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYu
&efvifudkxrf;um a&SUqHk;rS 0ifoGm;Mu\/
tcef;\ txm;todk tjyiftqiftm;vHk;rSm wu,fh rdef;rysKdav; wpfa,muf\ tcef;rsKd;jzpfonf/
aooyfuse vGef;ojzihf wpfa,mufwnf;u rQuseatmif jyifqifaumif;rS jyifqifEdkifvdrhfrnf[k vifh[lcsKH;
awG;vdkufrdonf/
tcef;wGif;wGif tvSjyifonfh rSefcHkwpfck&SdjyD; a&SUwGif vlwpfa,mufxkdifaeonf/ teDa&mif yef;yGifhrsm;
a&;jc,fxm;onfh t0wftpm;rsm;udk 0wfqifxm;aom xdkvlonf b,fvufwGif Zmyef;xkd;onfh udkif;wpfck
udkifxm;jyD; nmvufwGifrl yef;xkd;tyfwpfacsmif; udkifxm;onf/
xdkolonf 0ifvmaom vlrsm;udkMunfh tHhMooGm;yHk&onf/ odkYaomf ol\tHhMorIrSm vif;&SifwdkY vlodkuf\
tHhMorIudk rnfodYrk Q rSDvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
xkdolonfum; vGefcJhaom q,fpkESpftwGif; vif;&Sif\vufxJrS aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk vk,lcJh
aom? ESpf wpf&mtwGif; tawmfqHk; okdif;orm;[k owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom? MuH&nfzef&nf OmPf&nf taumif;qHk;
[k qkdMuaom aerif;ocif*dkPf;\ vuf&Sd*dkPf;csKyf wHk;zef;ykyifwnf;/
wHk;zef;ykudk vif;&SifwkdYtm;vHk; aumif;pGmawGUzl;Muonf/ odkYaomf ,ckawGUae&onfh wHk;zef;ykrSmum;
rkwfqdwfarT;? EIwfcrf;arT; vHk;0r&Sd/ rsufESmwGif ajymifacsmacsmMuD; jzpfaeonf/ xdkYtjyif eHYomrIefYrsm;? eHYom
&nfrsm;udv
k nf; okwfvdrf;xm;ao;onf/ udk,fay:wGifvnf; a,mufsm;rus? rdef;rrus t0wftpm;rsm;udk
0wfqifxm;onf/
odkif;avmuMuD; wpfckvHk;udk odrhfodrfhwkefapcJhaom odkif;ynm&SifMuD; wpfa,mufu tcef;atmif; Zmxkd;
yef;xkd; tvkyfvkyfaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg vlwkdif;yif udk,fhrsufpdudk,f r,Hkatmif jzpfukefMuawmh\/
vif;&SifrSm r[l&mawmifukef;odkY 0ifvmpOfu a'gorD;vQHrsm; w[kef;[kef; awmufavmifaecJhonf/
odkYaomf ,ckjrifuGif;udk jrifawGUvkduf&aomtcg ol\a'gorD;vQHrsm;onf kwfjcnf; jidrfoufoGm;um &,fcsif
pdwf wvdyfvyd f wufvmawmhonf/
vif;&Siu
f ar;vkdufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
905
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]wHk;zef;yk .. rif;u tl;[ef aqmifaewmvm;}}

wHk;zef;yku pl;&Saom avoHjzihf ...
]]igu b,folrsm;vJvdkY .. vif;&Sif .. rif;udk;/ trav; .. armifav; ... rif; b,fvkd jzpfwmvJ/ olwkdYu
rif;udk ESdyfpufxm;w,faygh/ ajymprf; ...}}
wHk;zef;yku kwfw&uf ckefxGufvdkufum xrf;pifay:rS &efvifukd ayGUcsDjyD; ukwifay:odkY tomt,mwif
vkdufonf/
vltm;vHk;\ tMunfhrsm;u wHk;zef;yk\ vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;aemuf vdkufygoGm;rdonf/ ukwifwGif yef;Eka&mif
tdyf&mcif; cif;xm;onf/ tarT;eHYomrsm;uvnf; waxmif;axmif; xaeonf/ vdkwmxuf ydkaeojzihf rowD
p&myif jzpfaeonf/ wHk;zef;yk\ rsufESmwGif tvGefw&m ylyefaomu a&mufaeaom toGifu vTrf;rdk;aeonf/
olu qufwkduf ar;vdkufonf/
]]armifav; .. odyfemoGm;vm;[if}}
]][if .. ajcovHk;dk; usKd;oGm;wmud;k / 'gu tao;tzGJuav;yg/ ajcaxmufdk; usKd;oGm;wmu ta&;rMuD;
ygbl;/ igtckcsufcsif; tdk;quf ay;vkdufyghr,f/}}
ajymajymqkdqkdESifh &efvif\ajcaxmufrS zdeyfrsm;udk olu cRwfay;vdkufonf/ tay:kH t0wftpm;rsmudk
vnf; vJvS,fay;um apmifwpfxnf jcHKay;vdkufonf/ ol\ tjyKtrlrSm tvGefw&m ,k,Muifemwwfaom
ZeD;r,m; wpfa,mufu rdrd\ vifa,mufsm;udk jyKpkay;aeonfESifh rjcm;ay/
xkdtjcif;t&m tm;vHk;udk awGUae&aom vltm;vHk;rSm idk&rvdk? &,f&rvdk jzpfaeawmh\/ jrifuGif;rSm
&,fp&m aumif;vSonf r[kwfygvm;/
odkYaomf wu,fwrf;wGifrl olwkdYtm;vHk; r&,fEdkifMuay/ tm;vHk;\ ausmdk;xJrS pdrfhwufvmMuawmh\/
wpfckckawmh rSm;,Gif;aeavjyD/
wHk;zef;yku tdwfxJrS vufudkifyk0gwpfxnfudk xkwf,lum &efvif\rsufESmrS acR;rsm;udk ,k,k,, okwf
ay;vdkuf\/ wHk;zef;yku taumif;qHk; MuifemrIudk jyjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; &efvifurl a'gojzifh atmfaigufvdkuf
onf/
]]rif;bmawG avQmufvkyfaewmvJ/ 'DaumifawG[m rif;&JU &efolawG ... &efolawG od&JUvm;/ tck avm
avmq,f yxrqHk; vkyf&rSmu 'DaumifawGudk &Sif;ypf&rSm ... tJ'gjyD;awmhrS ighudk jyKpkvnf; &wmyJ/ tckawmh
bmawG avQmufvkyfaerSef; rodbl;}}
wHk;zef;ykwpfa,muf kwfw&uf wHkUqkdif;oGm;onf/ olYrsufESmay:wGif rdef;rwpfa,muf\ &SufjyHK;rsKd;
ay:vmonf/ olu udk,fudk tenf;i,f rwfvdkufjyD; ...
]][kwfw,f/ armifav;ajymwm rSefw,f/ pdwfrqkd;eJYaemf/ ajcaxmufua&m odyfemaevm;}}
]]ajcaxmufemwm remwm .. tomxm;prf;yg/ olwkdYu r[l&mawmifuek f;u wHcg;awGtm;vHk; ydwfxm;
vdkufjyD/ *dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk;vJ olYopm cHvdkufMujyD/ rif;ukd olwkdYu pm&if;&Sif;rvkdY vmMuwm/ rif;u
aygufu&awG avQmufvkyfjyD; olwkdYa&SUrSm ighudk t&SufcGJrvdkYvm;}}
]]pdwfrqdk;ygeJY armifav; ... pdwfrqkd;ygeJY}}
vif;&SifESifh &SefY0efYxif;wdkYrSm odkif;avmuwGif usifvnfcJhonfrSm MumjrifhcJhjyD; jzpfonf/ tawGUtMuHKvnf;
tvGefrsm;jym;Muonf/ odkYaomf olwkdYwpfouf rQ xl;qef;aom tjzpftysufudk rawGUbl;Muacs/
wHk;zef;yk uJhokdYaom *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&ifhrMuD; wpfa,mufonf tb,fhaMumifh rdef;rvkd 0wfpm;jyD; rdef;rpdwf
aygufae&oenf;/ &efvifu pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;ESihf atmfaigufaeonfudkyif olu jyefvnf acsmharmhaevdkuf
ao;\/
Munfhae&if;rS vltm;vHk;onf rowDonfhpdwf? atmhtefcsifpdwfrsm; aygufvmMu\/
xkdpOfrSmyif tjyifzufrS vlwpfa,muf\ atmfvdkufoHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vkduf&\/
]]wHk;zef;yk ... wHk;zef;yk ... rif; ... 'DxJrSm &Sdovm;}}
ar;vkdufoHuyif aemufusaeao;onf/ pum;oH rqHk;rDyif xdkvlonf tcef;wHcg;udk 0kef;ueJ wGef;zGifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
906
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
um 0ifvmawmhonf/
xkdvlonfum; &efvifu trdefYxkwu
f m zrf;qD;cdkif;xm;aom? wHk;zef;yk\ wpfcsdefu nD&if;tpfudkuo
Jh dkY
opmqdkxm;cJhaom ]wHkay&Sef} jzpfonf/ olonfvnf; wHk;zef;yktwk udpudk Mum;jyD;jzpf ae&mtxd vdkuf
vmjcif;jzpfonf/ wHk;zef;yk twk[laom udpu olYOD;aESmufudk tBuD;tus,f IyfaxG;oGm;apcJhojzifh &Sif;vif;
&ef vdkufvmcJhjcif;jzpf\/
wHkay&Sefonf tcef;xJodkY a&mufonfESifh wHk;zef;yk\ t0wftpm;ESifh trlt&mrsm;udk kwfcsnf ezl;awGU
'l;awGU &ifqdkifvkuf&awmh\/ olYrsufvHk;rsm;onf tHMorIaMumifh jyL;xGufvsuf&Sdaeayonf/ olonf wHkYceJ
&yfoGm;NyD; ...
]]wHk; ... wHk; ... wHk;zef;yk ... rif; .. rif; .. 'gu bmjzpfwmvJ ... b,fvkd jzpfwmvJ}} [k xpfaighpGm
ar;jref;vdkufrdawmh\/ xdktcgusrS wHk;zef;ykonf ukwifpGef;rScGmum olwkdYzufodkY vSnfh&yfvkdufonf/
at;pufaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh olwdkYtm; jcHKMunfv
h dkufonf/
wHk;zef;yku pl;wl;wl; &Sww rdef;r rus? a,musfm; rus avoHrsKd;jzifh ...
]]igharmifav; &efvifudk tEdkifusifhwJhvlawGxJrSm rif;a&mygvm; wHak y&Sef}}
wHkay&Sefonf ,ckxufxd tHhMorI rajyao;ay/ vif;&SifwkdY tkyfpk tHMoxdwfvefYoGm;ouJhoYdk olvnf;
tHhMoxdwfvefYaeojzifh ... wHk;zef;yk\ pum;udkyif kwfw&uf rMum;vdkufovdk jzpfaeonf/ twefMumrS
owdjyef0ifvmjyD; wHk;zef;yktm; jyefar;vdkuf\/
]]wHk;zef;yk ... rif;u bmjzpfvdkY &efvifudk 'Davmufawmif ,HkMunfae&wmvJ/ 'DaumifhrSm bmrsm; ,Hkp&m
awG&SdaevdkYvJ/ olu vlwpfa,mufudk rif;qdkjyD; ta,mifaqmif cdkif;xm;w,f}}
wHk;zef;yku atmufuvdtm toHjzifh ...
]]tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}}
wHkay&Sefu a'gojzifh atmfvkdufonf/
]]tJ'g bmjzpf&rvJ/ aerif;ocif*dkPf;MuD; b,favmuf uaomif;ueif; jzpfaew,fqdkwm rif;od&JUvm;/
'Daumifu trdefYawG tmPmawG avQmufxkwfw,f/ olrw&m;wmawG avQmufvkyfaewmudk rif;rodbl;
r[kwfvm;}}
wHk;zef;yku at;pufaom toHjzifh ...
]]igodom;yJ/ ... armifav; &efvifu rw&m;wm bmrSrvkyfbl;/ igaumif;zdkYtwGuf vkyfaewm/ 'D*dkPf;xJ
utvkyfawGudk igu pdwfIyfcHjyD; rvkyfcsifrSef;odvdkY ighudk,fpm; vlwpfa,mufudk [efaqmifcdkif;xm;wm ...
ighudk,fpm; trdefYay;aewm/ ighudk,fpm; tyifyef;cHjyD; vkyfay;aewm/ tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}}
wHkay&Sefonf kwfw&uftm;jzifh pum;yif jyefrajymEdkifatmif tHhtm;MuD; oifhoGm;awmhonf/
twefMumrS ... ]]'Daumifu ... ighudk owfzkdY vkyfaew,fqdkwmaum rif;od&JUvm;}}
wHk;zef;yku acgif;cgjyonf/
]]'gawmh igrodbl;/ 'gayr,fh igharmifav; &efvifuawmh b,fawmhrS r[kwfwm rvkyfwwfbl;/ wu,f
vdkY armifav;&efvifu rif;udk owfr,fqdk&ifvnf; rif;raumif;vkdYyJ jzpf&r,f/ rif;u bmjzpfvkdY towfrcH&
wmvJ}}
wHkay&Sefu a,mifwD;a,mifwjzifh bk&m;w a&Gwfvkdufrdonf/ xdkYaemuf kwfw&uf w[m;[m;jzifh
&,farmaeawmh\/
ol\&,foHwGif aqG;jrnfhaMuuGJrI tjynfhygaeojzifh onf&,foH Mum;&olrsm;tzdkY vGefpGm pdwfroufrom
jzpfMu&awmhonf/ twefMumrS t&,f&yfvdkufjyD; ...
]]wHk;zef;yk ... olu owfcsifwmeJY rif;u ay;owfcGifhjyKw,faygh .. [kwfvm;}}
[k cufxefpGm ar;vdkuf\/
]]at; .. [kwfw,f/ ay;owfcGifhjyKw,f/ armifav; &efvifbmyJ vkyfcsif vkyfcsif .. igu jzpfatmif
vkyfay;rSmyJ/ 'DavmuMuD;xJrSm olwpfa,mufuvGJvdkY ightay: b,folrS raumif;bl; ... wHkay&Sef .. rif;[m
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
907
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
igeJY aotwl? &SifruGm wkdufyGJ0ifcJhzl;w,f ... 'gayr,fh 'gav;udk tcGifhta&; ,ljyD;awmh armifav; &efvifudk
rxdcdkuf rapmfum;oifhbl;/ olYpum; olYtmPmudk rz,f&Sm;oifhbl;}}
wHkay&Sef\ rsufESmrSm eD&Jvmawmh\/
]]igu yxrwkef;uawmh rif;pdwfl;aygufaevdkY bmrS rodawmhb;l ; rSwfaewm ...}}
wHk;zef;yku cufxefpGmjzifh...
]]bmajymw,f ... ighudk pdwfl;aygufaew,fvkdY rif;ajym&Jovm;}}
]]at; .. igajymwmu rif;pdwfl;aygufaew,fvdkY xifrdw,f/ tckawmh rif;u tm;vHk;udk rSwfrdaewmyJ
udk; ... igwkdY ESpaf ,mufu aoG;aomuf &JabmfawG qkdwmvnf; rif; aumif;aumif;MuD; rif;rSwfrdaeao;wmudk}}
wHk;zef;yku ... ]]at; .. [kwfw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvnf; rif;u ighudk apmfum;ayr,fh igcGifhvTwfwmaygh/
'gayr,fh rif;wpfck odxm;&rSmu armifav; &efvifudkawmh apmfum;vdkYr&bl;/ igu onf;cHaerSm r[kwfbl;}}
wHkay&Sefu a'gojzifh atmfvkdufonf/
]]'DacG;aumifudk bmjzpfvdkY rapmfum;&rSmvJ/ aerif;ocif wpf*dkPf;vHk;udk apmufxdk;rdk;arQmfjzpfatmif vkyfwJh
aumif/ acG;aumif ... uJ ... igtck olYudk apmfum;vkdufjyD/ rif;u ighudk bmvkyfcsifovJ}}
wHk;zef;ykonf &efvifhzufodkY vSnfhum ar;vdkufonf/
]]armifav; .. rif;u olYudk wu,f owfcsifovm;}}
]]bmawG jyefar;aewmvJ/ 'Dopmazmufudk jrefjrefowfvkdufprf;/ tcsdefqGJraeeJY}}
wHk;zef;yku jyHK;um ajymvkdufonf/
]]aumif;ygjyD/ armifav; pdwfwkdif;us jzpf&aphr,f}}
jyD;aemuf wHak y&SefzufodkY vSnfh ...
]]wHkay&Sef ... 'DaeYupjyD; rif;eJY ig[m aoG;aomuf nDtpfudkawG r[kwfawmhbl;}}
xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wHkay&Sefu aemufESpfvSrf; qkwfvdkufrdonf/ xdkpum;\ aemufuG,f
aorif;&,foHudk Mum;vkduf&aomaMumihfyif jzpfonf/
ol\&ifywfa&SUwGif "m;udk umuG,fxm;vdku\
f / wHk;zef;yk\ odkif;ynmrSm tvGeftqifhtwef;jrifhrSef;
od vHk;0rayghq&Jacs/ wHk;zef;yku at;pufpGm &,fvdkufjyD; ...
]][if; .. awmfawmfav;awmh cufaewmyJaemf/ wHkay&Sef? [kdESpfwHk;u ]avmhwHk;e,f} rSmaomif;usef;aewJh
vlqkd;ESpfa,mufeJY igwkdY oJoJrJrJ wdkufcJhMuw,f/ ]xkdufwef} awmifay:rSm wkdufcJhwJh wkdufyGJaygh/ tJ'Dwkef;u
igh&JU toufudk rif;u u,fay;cJhw,f/ rif;om ru,f&if 'DaeYtxd igb,frSm touf&SifEdkifawmhrSmvJ}}
wHkay&Sefu olY&ifywfa&SUrS"g;udk vHk;0rcsbJ rsufESmudk wpfcsuf rJhvu
kd fonf/
]]rif;u 'Dudpa wGukd rSwfrdao;oudk;}}
wHk;zef;yku ...
]]'DvdkudprsKd;u vG,fvG,fuav; arhypfoifhwJh udprsKd;rS r[kwfwmbJ/ 'Dawmh igu b,farhyghrvJ/
i,fi,fwke;f u ig[m awmfawmfav; qif;&JEGrf;yg;ygw,f/ rif;[m igudkY MuD;rS ightoufudku,fchw
J m
r[kwfbl;? tJonf i,fi,fwkef;uwnf;u ... rif;u ighudk apmifha&SmufcJhw,f}}
wHkay&Sefu atmfvkdufonf/
]]awmfjyD/ jyD;cJhwJh udpawGudk rajymeJYawmh}}
xdkw'*FwiG f vltm;vHk;\rsufprd sm;xJwGif teDa&mift&dyfwpfck &dyfueJ vIyf&Sm;oGm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&\/
,if;rSm wHk;zef;yk\ cEmudk,f vIyf&Sm;vdkufjcif;aywnf;/
]]xef;}}
vufwGif udkifaqmifum olYudk,fol umuG,fxm;onfh wHkay&Sef\"m; Murf;jyifay: vGwfusoGm;oH
jzpfonf/ wHkay&Sef\ udk,fvHk;rSmvnf; wkefwkef,if,ifjzihf ',D;',dkifjzpfum jznf;nif;pGmjzihf vJus
oGm;awmh\/
wHkay&Sefum; yg;pyfudk [vsuf vJusaeayjyD/ ol\ rsufcHk;arT;ESpfckMum; ezl;wnfhwnfw
h Gif wpfcsuf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
908
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
b,fzufem;xifESifh nmzufem;xifrsm;wGif wpfcsufpD/ atmufEIwfcrf;ay:wGif wpfcsuf/ ta&;MuD;aom

taMumrMuD;av;ckay:wGif ao;i,faom teDpufav;rsm;udk awGUvdkuf&jyD; ,if;teDpufav;rsm;rS aoG;rsm;
pdrfhxGufpjyKvmonfudk vif;&SifwdkYtm;vHk; owdjyKvdkufrdMu\/
'gPf&m 'gPfcsufrsm;um; wHk;zef;yk\ vufwGif udkifaqmifxm;aom yef;xdk;tyf\ 'gPfcsufrsm;om
jzpf&ayrnf/
vif;&Siw
f kdY tm;vHk;rSm wu,fh xdyfoD; odkif;ynm&Sifrsm; jzpfMu\/ odkYaomf uJhokdYaom tajctaeudk
awGUvdkuf&aomtcg olwkdYtm;vHk; aemufodkY ajcESpfvSrf;rQ qkwfvdkufrdMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;\ vufudkqGJum a&SUrSum&yfvdkufonf/ kwfw&uftm;jzifh vif;vif;tm; rxdcdkuf
ap&efjzpfonf/
tcef;xJwGif rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&awmh tm;vHk;jidrfoufaeMuonf/ oufjyif;csoHyif rMum;&acs/
wHk;zef;yk\ aMumufrufzG,f&m vsifjrefrIu tm;vHk;udk qGHUtoGm;apcJhonf/
wHk;zef;yk\ odkif;ynm tvGefaumif;rSef; vltm;vHk;u odMuonf/ odkYaomf rQtxd aumif;vdrfhrnf[k
rxifrSwfcJhMuacs/ tvGefw&m ao;oG,faom tyfacsmif;av;jzifh rsufpdwpfrSdwf vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; wHkay&Sef
\ taMumr av;ae&mudk xkd;pdkufEdkifonfukd awGU&aomtcg vltm;vHk; wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;Muawmh\/
xdkYtjyif wHk;zef;yk rnfrQPfrsm;aMumif;udkvnf; awGYjrifvdu
k f&ao;onf/ wHkay&Sef\ pdwf"gwfrsm;
nTwfajymif;oGm;ap&ef a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;udk ajymaevkdufao;\/ jyD;rS tvsifjrefqHk; vIyf&Sm;um
owfjzwfvkdufjcif; jzpfawmh\/
vif;&Sio
f nf ol\ "m;udk vsifjrefpGm qGJxkwfvdkufonf/
]]wHk;zef;yk ... rif;u ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk avhusifhatmifjrifomG ;jyDudk;/ awmfw,f/ rif;awmf
w,f/ igtrsm;MuD; csD;usL;w,f/ *kPfjyKygw,f/}}
wHk;zef;yku ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; .. tJ'D ]aeMumyef; odki;f aygif;csKyf} qdkwmMuD;udk cifAsm;u usKyfudk ay;wmyg}}
ajym&if;rS olu oufjyif;&SnfMuD; wpfcsuf csvdkuf\/
]]cifAsm;[m wu,fawmh usKyftay: aumif;cJhwJhvlyg/ cifAsm; aumif;cJhwmawGudk wpfoufvHk; rarhyg
bl;}}
vif;&Siu
f ...
]]at; .. tJ'Daus;Zl;awG axmufxm;jyD; ighudk *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;uae jzKwfcsypfvkdufw,faygh ... [kwfvm;}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;udk jyefrajzyJ wHk;zef;yku olajymcsif&m qufajymaeonf/
]]aerif;ocif *dkPf;rSm usKyf[m omreftzGJUrI; wpfa,mufyJ/ usKyfudk cifAsm;u ajrawmifajrmufay;cJhwm
yg/ ESpfwkdif; &mxl;wkd;ay;cJhw,f/ 'gawG[m usKyftay: aumif;cJhwmawGyJaygh/}}
]]'gwifrubl;/ cifAsm;&JU apwemudk tqHk;pGef jycJhao;w,f/ ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} pmtkyfudk ay;jyD;
awmh *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk qufcH&r,fh tdrfa&SUOy&mZmtjzpf usKyfudk owfrSwfcJhwmyJ/ awmfkHwefkHvl[m
usKyftay: 'Davmuf aumif;Edkifyghrvm;/ 'Dawmh usKyfuvnf; 'Daus;Zl;awGudk b,farhEdkifyghrvJ}}
vif;&Siu
f jyHK;ae\/ olYtjyHK; owd0D&d,rsm; yg&Sdaeonfudk awmfkHvlrsm;taejzifh rnfodkYrQ cefYrSef;EdkifMu
rnf r[kwfacs/
vif;&Si\
f twGif;pdwfudk vifh[lcsKH;onfvnf; rod&Sday/ Murf;ay:wGif vJusaoqHk;aeaom wHkay&Sefudk
Munfh&if; olu awG;aerdonf/
]]wHk;zef;ykqdkwm ajrGxufawmif aMumufp&m aumif;yguvm;/ apmapmwkef;u wHkay&Sef&JU pdwf"gwfawG
El;nHhoGm;atmif twdwfZmwfaMumif;awG zGJUzGJUEGJUEGJUajymjyD;awmh csufcsif; owfypfvkdufw,f/ tckvnf; 'DtuGuf
ukd oHk;aejyefjyDaygh ...}}
]]apmapmwkef;u rif;ajymcJhwJh pum;awG ... bmwJh .. wHkay&Sef[m rif;tay: b,favmuf aumif;cJhovJ/
tJ'D aumif;cJhwJh aus;Zl;awGudk olYudkowfjyD;awmh rif;u qyfvdkufw,faygh/ tckvnf; q&mMuD; vif;&Sif&JU
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
909
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aus;Zl;awGudk zGJUEGJUaejyefjyD/ q&mMuD;vif;&Sifudk aus;Zl;jyefqyfwht

J aeeJY owfOD;rvdkY r[kwfvm;}}
rnfodkYyif jzpfap/ vif;&Sifonf wHkay&Sefxuf odkif;ynm rsm;pGmaumif;oljzpfonf/ wHkay&Sef owd0D&d,
xm;onfxuf vif;&Sifu tqrsm;pGm ydk owdxm;rnf jzpfaMumif;udk ,Hkonf/ xdkYtjyif wHkay&Sefudk wdkufcdkuf
vkdufonfh wkdufuGufESifh udk,f[ef vIyf&Sm;rIrSm tvGefw&m jrefqefvGef;vSojzifh wHkay&Seftaejzihf ckcHumuG,f
&ef cufoGm;jcif;vnf; jzpfonf/ vif;&Siftaejzifhrl wHkay&Sefxuf ydk oGufvufpGm ckcHEkdifrnfomjzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olrsm; twGuf awG;aekHjzifh rjyD;/ rdrdtwGufyg awG;&rnfukv
d nf; owdrvpfacs/ olu
"g;udkxkwfum wHk;zef;yk\ &if0odkY csdefG,fxm;vdkufonf/ tu,f wHk;zef;yk wpfcsufrQ vIyf&Sm;vdkufonfESifh
olu vufOD;atmif wkdufcdkufEkdifawmhrnf jzpfonf/ MudKwifjyifqifxm;jcif;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ rSm;,Gif;onf
[l r&Sdacs/
MudKwifjyifqifrI r&Sdygu wHk;zef;yk vIyf&Sm;onfESifh rdrdaomfvnf;aumif;? rdrdtzGJYom; wpfa,mufa,muf
aomfvnf;aumif; aoqHk;&ayvdrfhrnf/ ,if;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;onf owd0D&d,MuD;pGmjzifh toifhjyifqifxm;jcif;
jzpf\/
tenf;i,f aemufusjcif;onf rsm;pGm aemufusjcif;jzpfonf [laom pum;udk vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGmoday
onf/ olYtaejzifh rnfonfh tenf;i,faemufusjcif;udkrQ vufcHEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/ wHkay&Sef\ oifcef;pmudk
r,lyJ owdrJhvpf[if;ygu olwdkY\ trSm;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
wHk;zef;yku qufajymaeonf/
]]tpwkef;uawmh usKyf[m aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vkyfrvkdYyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;qdkwJh &mxl;[m usKyf
tzdkY tifrwef ,pfrl;p&maumif;wJh &mxl;MuD;yJ/ 'gaMumifh cifAsm;&JU vl,HkawmfrSeforQudk z,f&Sm;jyD; *dkPf;csKyf
MuD;&mxl;udk vk,lzdkY usKyfMuHpnfcJhw,f}}
pum;udk acw&yfwefYvkdufjyD; wHk;zef;yku vSnfhum &SefU0efYxif;udk vufnId;xkd;vdkufonf/
]]'gayr,fh usKyf&JUtMuHtpnfudk a[monfu &SefU0efYxif;u aumif;aumif; &dyfrdcJhw,f ... &SefU0efYxif; ..
a[monf aerif;ocif*dkPf;xJrSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;eJY usKyfuvGJ&if cifAsm;[m vlawmfygyJ}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
910
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wHk;zef;yk
&SefU0efYxif;url usmyGwfudk toifhtaetxm;jzihf jyifqifxm;onf/ wHk;zef;ykudk pum;wpfvHk;rQ jyefrajym
acs/ taMumif;rJh r[kwf/ ol\ pdwftmkH ysHUvGifhoGm;rnfpdk; jzpfonf/
wHk;zef;yk\ OmPf&nfESifh rsufjrifawGUcJh&onfh odkif;ynm tajctaet& pdwftmkH ysHUvGifholonf
udk,faowGif; udk,fwl;jcif;omwnf;/ xkdYaMumifh &SefY0efYxif;onf wHk;zef;ykudkom pl;pl;pkdufpdkuf Munfhaerdonf/
wHk;zef;yku oufjyif;&SnfMuD; wpfcsuf cskvdkufjyD; ...
]]'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfvkyfjyD;wJhaemufrSm ... a[monfu ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk avhusifhjyD;wJh
aemufrSm rS ... vlYb0&JU om,mrI? vlYb0&JU t&om[m bmvJqdkwm odvdkuf&w,f}}
vltm;vHk;onf wHk;zef;yk\ pl;wl;wl; &Sww toHudk em;axmif&if; vuf0g; acR;rsm; pdkYvmMuawmh\/
wHk;zef;ykonf trSefwu,f pum;ajymaumif;aom olyifjzpf\/ olYpum;rsm;onf tcef;wGif;&Sd vltm;
vHk;\ tmkHudk qGJaqmifvsuf&Sd\/ em;axmifaeolrsm;onf wpfcsufwpfcsuf olYpum; epfajrmoGm;Mu\/
vifh[lcsKH;u aocsmpGm pOf;pm;vdu
k fonf/ vl\ pum;onf tusKd;taMumif; qufpyfrI&Sdae\/
OD;aESmufysufaeoluJhodkY y&rf;ywm r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf a,mufsm;r[kwf? rdef;rr[kwf trlt&mrsm;udk
jrifawGU&aom tcgwGifrl vifh[lcsKH;rSm MuufoD;xrdawmh\/
xdkpOfwHk;zef;yku vif;vif;udk wpfcsufpdkufMunfhum ajymvdkuf\/
]]vif;vif; ... igawmh rif;udk odyftm;uswmyJ/ avmurSm vlwpfa,muf[m rdef;rjzpf&wm ydkwefzdk;
&Sdw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYOD;acgif;rS qHyifrsm;tm;vHk; axmifoGm;bdouJhokdY cHpm;vkduf&onf/ wHk;zef;yku quf
ajymaeonf/
]]rdef;rwpfa,muf[m [kda,mufsm;awGxuf trsm;MuD;omw,f/ rif;u toufav;vnf; i,fw,f/
kyf&nfvJ acsmw,f/ ae&mcsif;om vJvdkY&&if rif;eJYig vJvdkufcsifw,f/ 'Daerif;ocif *kdPf;csKyf&mxl; rajymeJY/
bk&if{u&mZfMuD; &mxl;udkawmif rrufarmbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf ae&modkY a&mufuwnf;u cHpm;csuftrsKd;rsKd;udk cHpm;cJh&jyD;jzpfonf/ odkYaomf pum;
rsKd;udk Mum;vkduf&aom tcgwGifum; pdwfcsOfaygufum cg;cg;oD;oD; 0ifajymvdkufawmh\/
]]bmajymw,f/ cifAsm;ursm; vif;vif;eJY ae&mcsif;vJvdkufcsifw,f [kwfvm;/ [if; ... cifAsm;vdk rdef;r
r[kwf? a,mufsm;r[kwfMuD;udk uskKyfu b,fMudKufEdkifrvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ cg;oD;vSaom pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vif;&Sif? &SefY0efYxif;ESifh qefYuGrf;wkdYrSm tMuD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
911
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tus,f wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;Muawmhonf/

wHk;zef;yk\ rsufESmum; aMumufrufzG,f&m pdrf;jymvmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;tm; rD;awmufaeonfh
rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh pdkufMunfhum ...
]]rif;u b,folvJ/ b,fuaumifvJ/ ighudk 'Dvdkpum;rsKd;ajym&Jw,f ... [kwfvm;}}
wHk;zef;yk\ toHrSm vGefpGm pl;&SvSojzifh vlwdkif;\em;xJodkY oHcRefjzifh xkd;vdkufouhJodkY epf0ifoGm;onf/
tMuD;tus,f a'goxGufaejyDjzpfaMumif; toHESifh rsufESmxm;u azmfjyvsuf&SdaeacsjyD/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;qkdaom vli,fum; e*dkuwnf;u owd&SdjyD;oljzpfonf/ aojcif;w&m;udkvnf; xDrxif
oljzpf\/ wHk;zef;yk\ a'goudk vifh[lcsKH;u tvsOf;yif *krpdkufacs/ oa&mfavSmifajymifyif &,fvdkufao;
onf/
vif;&SifESifh &SefY0efYxif;wkdYrSmvnf; owd&Sdolrsm;yif jzpfMuonf/ tawGUtMuHKtm;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;xufyif
omayOD;rnf/ odkYaomf olwkdYtm;vHk; vifh[lcsKH;uJhodkY vkyf&Jolr&Sdacs/ olwkdY\&ifxJ taMumufw&m;rsm; &SdaeMu
ojzifh rvkyf0HhMujcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvkdufjyD;aemuf ...
]]wHk;zef;yk ... usKyfxyfajymr,f/ aoaocsmcsm em;axmif/ rkwfqdwfarT; AvyspfaygufaewJh a,mufsm;yJ
jzpfjzpf/ EGJUaESmif;wJh rdef;uav;yJjzpfjzpf/ olYenf;olY[efeJY aumif;Muwmcsnf;yJ/ a,mufsm;vJ olYb0eJYol/
rdef;rvJ olYb0eJYol/ vlYavmuMuD;xJrSm tH0ifcGifus jzpfMuwmcsnf;yJ/ ... tH0ifcGifus rjzpfwmuawmh cifAsm;
vdk ... a,mufsm;r[kwf? rdef;rr[kwfwJh eykvdifyJ/ usKyftGHUqHk;? trkef;qHk;uvJ cifAsm;vdk rdef;r&SmyJAsKdU}}
wHk;zef;yk\ rsufESmrSm a'goaMumifh jymESrf;aeavjyD/ olu pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]igar;aew,f/ igrif;udk ar;aew,f/ rif;b,folvJ ajymprf;}}
]]usKyfvm; ... usKyfemrnf vifh[lcsKH;/ aumif;aumif; rSwfxm;yg}}
]]Mo .. vifh[lcsKH; qdkwmudk;/ iguvnf; rif;udkawGUcsifaewmeJY tawmfyJ}}
]]tif; ... cifAsm;awGUcsifw,fqdkvdkY usKyfuvnf; vmcJh&wm}}
]]vif;vif;u rif;udk odyfcspfaew,fvdkY ajymoHMum;w,f/ rif;twGufqdk toufawmif ay;&JowJh/
vif;vif;u toufay;jyD; cspf&avmufatmif b,fvkdrsm; xl;jcm;aeovJvdkY igu Munfhcsifaewm/ tckawmh
omrefvleJY bmrsm; xl;jcm;vkdYvJ bmrS rxl;jcm;ygbl;/ igharmifav; &efvifeJYqdk&if qDeJY a&yJ/ wjcm;pDyJ/
b,fvkdrS EdIif;,SOfvdkY r&bl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,fvkdufjyD; ...
]]bmajymw,f qDeJYa& ... [kwfvm;/ [m;[m; .. cifAsm;&JU &efvifu a&vm;/ usKyfaumif;wJh tcsuf
awGudk cifAsm;rS rjrifyJudk;As/ usKyf&JU aumif;uGufwpfuGufudk ajymjyr,f ... usKyfu tcspfeJY ywfoufjyD; opm
&Sdw,fAs/ vif;vif;udk usKyfu aowyefoufwqHk; cspfoGm;rSm/ cifAsm;&JU&efvifu kyfacsmayr,fh opmr&Sdbl;/
cifAsm;uG,f&mrSm rdef;rawGudk ydk;yef;jyD; rdef;rTifawGeJY aysmfzdkYavmuf MunfhaewJhvlyJ}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
912
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
jyef\/ wHk;zef;yk\ vIyf&Sm;rIrSm trSefyif jrefqefvSonf/

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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
913
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
914
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
a&muf&wmyJ r[kwfvm;}}
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
915
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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olonf xkd'Pf&mjzifh raoonfhtjyif &Snfvsm;pGm pum;ajymaeao;\/
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aom udpjzpfacsonf/ odkYaomf wHk;zef;ykonf awmfkHwefkH ZGJaumif;olwpfa,muf rvkyfEkdifonfh tvkyfudk
vkyfcJhayonf/
xdkYxufydk olckeftkyfvkdufpOf vif;&Sif\"m;u olY&ifywfudk xkwfcsif;cwf azmufxGif; wm;qD;vdkufojzifh
vif;&SifxHokdY olra&mufawmhacs/ odkY qdk;Gm;usyfwnf;vSonfh tajctaeMum;rS olYvufwGif ukdifxm;onfh
yef;xdk;tyfudk csdefom;udkufpGm ypfvTwfEdkifcJhayao;\/
odkif;avmuwGif olYudkrS tawmfqHk;bGYrJ ay;vQif rnfolYudk ay;oifhoenf;/
vif;&Sio
f nf pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pf&if; ol\"m;udkqGJEkwfum aemufzufodkY ckefqkwfoGm;av\/ vif;vif;
u pkd;&drfwMuD;jzifh olr\zcifxH ajy;oGm;vdkuf\/
tyfacsmif;onf rsufvHk;udk tenf;i,fom azmuf0ifoGm;ojzihf awmfayao;onf/ wHk;zef;ykrSm aocgeD;
ckeftkyfjcif;jzpf ypfvkdufonfh t&Sdeft[kef enf;yg;oGm;jyD; rsufvHk;udkom azmuf0ifoGm;onf/ OD;aESmufudk
xdcdkufoGm;jcif; r&Sdacs/
ol\ rsufvHk;xJwGif pkduf0ifaeaom tyfudk qGJEkwfvkdufonfhtcdkufwGif vif;&SifrSm emusifvGefvSojzifh
toHukef atmfvdkufrdawmhonf/ a'goxGufvGef;vSojzifh wHk;zef;ykudk &efvifhxHodkY vif;&Sifu tm;jzifh
uefxnfhvdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
916
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wHk;zef;yk\ cEmudk,fMuD;onf t&Sdefjzifh vGifhpOfxGufoGm;jyD; &efvifhtm; bkef;ueJ aqmihfrdawmh\/

xkdtcgusrS ESpfa,mufom; toufxGufoGm; avawmh\/
ol\ urmraMuaom r[m&efaMuG;udk acsEkdifcJhaomfvnf; vif;&SifrSm rsufpdwpfvHk; tqHk;cHvkduf&onf/
rnfokdYyif jzpfap/ ,ckawmh aerif;ocif*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jyefjzpfvmavjyD/
vif;&Siu
f cg;axmuf acgif;armh w[m;[m; &,fvdkufonf/ ol\&,foHrSm a'gooHrsm; ygaeonfh
tjyif rmefvnf;ygvSojzifh Munfh&olrsm;tzdkY MuufoD;wjzef;jzef; xavmufygayonf/ r[l&mawmifukef;\
{u&mZfMuD; jyefvmacsjyDwnf;/
qefYuGrf;u atmfvkdufonf/
]]atmifjrifoGm;jyD/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; atmifjrifoGm;jyD/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap}}
vif;&Siu
f tvGef auseyfoGm;aomfvnf; avoHcyfrmrmjzifh ...
]]qefYuGrf; ... bm oufawmf&mausmf&SnfygapvJuG}}
yg;pyfrS ajymvkdufaomfvnf; olYpdwfxJurl touf&mausmf&SnfjyD; odkif;avmuMuD;udk tkyfpdk;&vQif[laom
tawG;jzifh ausauseyfeyf tm;&yg;&MuD; &,farmvkdufjyefonf/ onfwpfMudrf&,foHwGifum; a'gooH
tvsOf;rygawmh/ olYudk,fol *kPf,l &,farmvkdufonfh &,foHyifwnf;/
&SefY0efYxif;rSm apmapmu wHk;zef;yk\ tyfcsufwpfcsuf rdoGm;ojzifh aysmhacGvJusoGm;&mrS jyefxvmEkdifcJh
avjyD/ olu vifh[lcsKH;udk vSrf;jyHK;jyum vufraxmifjyvkduf\/
vif;&Siu
f rl wHk;zef;yk tavmif;qDodkYoGm; &ifywfxJodkY EIdkufvkduf&m pmtkyfwpftkyf xGufvmonf/ olu
xdkpmtkyfudk trsm;jrifomatmif a0SU,rf;jyvdkufjyD; ...
]]tm;vHk;Munhfxm;Mu/ 'g[m tifrwef owif;MuD;jyD; vQKdU0SufwJh ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} qdkwmaygh/
'Dpmtkyf&JU rsufESmzHk;rSm aoaocsmcsm a&;xm;wJh pmwef;wpfwef;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk rif;wkdY cefYrSef;Edkifyghrvm;}}
olYtm; 0dkif;Munfhaeolrsm;udk vif;&Sifu ar;cGef;xkwfvdkufonf/ rnfolYxHurQ tajzrMum;&aomtcg
olu qufajymvdkufonf/
]]tJ'Dpmwrf;uawmh ]usKyf&JU okdif;ynmudk avhusifhrnfqdkvQif tvsifOD;qHk; oif;uGyfvkdufyg} wJh/ [m; ...
[m; ... [m; .. igu 'Davmuf EHktwJh tvkyfrsKd; vkyfyghrvm;}}
ae&modkY ta&mufwGif vif;&Sif\toHrSm kwfw&uf wnfjidrfoGm;jyD; qufajymvkdufonf/
]]'gayr,fh 'Dodkif;ynmu wu,fhukd aMumufp&maumif;wJh odkif;ynmqkdawmh 'DpmtkyfrsKd;awGUwJh
odkif;orm;wkdif; pdwfrvIyf&Sm;yJ raeEdkifbl;/ udk,fhpdwfudk Ekdifatmif xdef;EkdifzdkYvJ odyfrvG,fvSbl;/ ajymr,fhom
ajym&w,f/ igvnf; uHaumif;vkdY 'Dodkif;ynmudk ravhusifhrdwm/ tJ'Dwkef;u twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;aemuf
aumufaumufygatmif vdkufaewmqdkawmh 'Dvdk EkHtwJhtvkyfrsKd; rvkyfzl;vdkY qHk;jzwfcJhwmyJ/ EdkYr[kwf&if
igvnf;yJ 'Dokdif;ynmudk avhusifhrdrSmyJ}}
vif;&Sio
f nf wpfzufodkYvSnfhum wHk;zef;yk\ tavmif;udk ajcjzifh wpfcsufuefvkdufjyefonf/ jyD;aemuf
w[m;[m; &,farmvkdufum ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; .. wHk;zef;yk .... rif;u rif;udkrif; odyfawmf? odyfvnf? odyfwwfw,fvkdY xifae
w,f ... &SefY0efYxif;udk rif;u ajymvkdufao;w,f/ aerif;ocif *dkPf;rSm igeJY rif;uvGJ&if &SefY0efYxif;u
tawmfqHk;wJh/ rif;vdkaumifursm; igeJY wef;wlvmvkyfaeao;w,f/ &m&mpp/ rif;u igeJY OmPf&nfwlaejyDvkdY
rif;udk,frif; xifaeoayghav ...}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;rsm; tenf;i,fxl;qef;vmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u tm;pdkuf em;axmif aevkdufrdonf/
vif;&Sifurl toufr&Sdawmhonfh wHk;zef;ykudkyif touf&Sdao;oa,mif pum;ajymae\/
]]a[haumif wHk;zef;yk ... 'Dodkif;pmtkyfudk igu rif;udk bmjzpfvkdY ay;w,fqkdwma&m ... rif;&dyfrd&JUvm;/
rif;bmrS r&dyfrdygbl;/ rif;u tmomirf;irf;eJY igh&JU&mxl;udk vk,lcsifaew,f r[kwfvm; ... [m; ... [m; ...
[m; ..}}
Mum;vkduf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;oGm;awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
917
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vufpowfawmh q&mMuD; vif;&Sifu 'D ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} udk ay;vkdufw,f qdkwmuvJ

apwem oefYoefYeJY ay;vdkufwmrS r[kwfyJ/ olwkdY ESpfa,mufvHk;u udk,fhtuGufeJYudk,f qifxm;Muwmygvm;/
aMumufp&m aumif;wJhvlawGcsnf;yJ}}
toHwdwfa&Gwfvkduf&if; vif;&Sif\ rsufESmudk vifh[lcsKH; aocsmpGm Munfhvkduf\/ rsufvHk;wpfzufrS
aoG;rsm;,dkpD;usaejyD; yg;pyfMuD;udk[ w[m;[m; &,farmaeonfh vif;&Sif\toGifonf bDvl;obuf
wpfaumifESihf tvm;wlaeayawmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
918
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf
xkdtcdkufrSmyif vif;&Sifonf ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} pmtkyfudk vufjzifh qkyfacsvkduf&m pmtkyfrSm
tpdwfpdwf trTmrTm jzpfoGm;avawmhonf/ ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} um; vHk;0ysufpD; oGm;avjyDwnf;/
vif;vif;u oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum ...
]]tJ'gyJ aumif;ygw,fav/ 'Dodkif;pmtkyfu vlawGudk aumif;aumif;MuD; 'kuay;aewm? tckvkd zsufqD;ypf
vdkufwm tm;vHk;twGuf taumif;qHk;yJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u [ufueJ &,fvkdufjyD; avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh vSrf;ajymvku
d fonf/
]]bmvJ... vif;vif;u tpfudk 'Dodki;f ynmudk avhusifhrdrSm pkd;vdkYvm;}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;rSm eD&JoGm;jyD; ...
]]oGm; .. tpfudku tjrJwrf; 'DvkdyJ/ b,fawmhrS pum;aumif; rajymbl;}} [k rmefvdkufawmh\/
xkdYaemuf olwkdYonf 'Pf&m&olrsm;udk aq;xnfhay;jcif;? ywfwD;pnf;ay;jcif;rsm;udk jyKvkyfay;um
ajratmufcef;udk jzwfoef;um jyefvnfxGufcGmvmMu&m cef;rMuD;twGif;odkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmhonf/
xkdtcg vif;&Sifonf wyfcGJrSL;? tzGJYrSL;? tpkrSL;rsm; tm;vHk;udk vma&mufpka0;Mu&ef trdefYay;vdkufonf/
olurl *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xkdifaom xkdifcHkMuD;wGif 0ifxkdifvdkuf\/ jyD;aemuf vif;&Sifu vifh[lcsKH;udk vuf,yfac:
vdkuf\/
]]vlav; .. 'DudkvmOD;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u olYtem; a&mufaomtcg vif;&Sifu ...
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qHk;taeeJY iguawmh [dkudpudkyJ jyefajymcsifw,f}}
vif;&Sio
f nf ol\ xdkifcHkudk vufjzifh ykwfjyvdkufjyD; ...
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odkY&mwGif vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]q&mMuD;&JUorD; vif;vif;u uRefawmfhtay:rSm aus;Zl;trsm;MuD;&Sdygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY q&mMuD; bmcdkif;
cdkif; uRefawmfhtaeeJY rjiif;y,foifhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'DwpfMudrfvJ jiif;&OD;rSmygyJ/ uRefawmf[m tifrwef
MuD;rm;wJh wm0efMuD;wpfckudk xrf;aqmifzkdY ta&;MuD;yk*dKvfMuD;rsm;udk uwday;xm;cJhygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY
q&mMuD;&JU *dkPf;xJ0ifzkdY udpudkawmh uRefawmfhtaeeJY vufrcHEdkifao;ygbl;}}
wGif vif;&SifrSm Munfh&qdk;avmufatmif rsufarSmifukwfoGm;jyD; avoHuvnf; rmausmvmawmhonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;[m tawmfacgif;rmwJh vluav;ygvm;/ 'DavmurSm igh&JUpum;udk em;raxmifwJhvl[m
b,fvdktajctaersKd; a&mufwwfovJqkdwm rif;od&JUvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
919
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;u uref;uwef; a&SUwufum ajymvdkufonf/

]]azaz ... 'DaeY[m azazhtwGuf taysmfqHk;aeYyJOpm/ tao;tzGJudpav;awGeJY bmaMumifh OD;aESmuf
ajcmufcHae&ovJ/ orD;wkdY*dkPf;xJudk tpfudk0ifzdkYu 'Davmufta&;MuD;wJhudp r[kwfygbl;/ aemufrS jznf;jznf;
ajym&ifvJ &wmyJOpm}}
vif;&Si\
f a'goum;rajy/ olwkdYESpfa,muftm; wpfvHk;wnf;aom rsufvHk;jzifh pl;pl;pdkufpkduf MunfhvkdufjyD;
...
]]vif;vif; ... orD;u 'DaumifeJY vufrxyf&ao;bl;/ tckuwnf;u 'Daumifhaemufvkduf jzpfaejyDaygh
[kwfvm;/ orD;twGuf azazhudk rvdkawmhbl;aygh .. [kwfvm;}}
tajctaeum; wif;rmvmaeacsjyD/ ,cktcsdef vif;&Sif\rmerSm i,fxdyfa&mufaeonf jzpf&m vifh[lcsKH;
omru vif;vif;udkyg nmwmrnfh[ef r&Sdacs/
wGif &SefY0efYxif;u jyHK;&Tifaom rsufESmxm;jzihf 0ifajymvdkuo
f nf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; ... olu vli,fqkdawmh em;rvnfbl;/ pdwfqwfw,f/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u vlMuD;qdkawmh
onf;cHjyD; azsmif;zsoifhw,f/ olYtwGuf pdwfrylygeJY/ aemufydkif;usrS uRefawmf acsmharmhjyD; odrf;oGif;vkduf
yghr,f}}
xkdtcdkufrSmyif uHaumif;axmufrpGm *dkPf;xJrS tzGJUrSL;rsm; wzGJzGJ a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ olwkdYtm;vHk; cef;r
tv,fwGif 'l;axmufvkdufum oHjydKif atmf[pfvdkufMuonf/
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; .. oufawmf&mausmf&Snfygap}}
vif;&Sif ,cif*dkPf;csKyf vkyfpOfu *kdPf;om;rsm;ESifh awGUqHk&mwGif vufESpfzufudkpkjyD; cg;udkif;nTwfum
tjyeftvSef EIwfqufcJhMuonf/ ,ckawmh *kdPf;om;rsm;u olYtm; 'l;axmufum tdktaoay;aeonfudk
awGU&aomtcg raewwfrxdkifwwfjzpfum rwfwwf&yfvkdufrdonf/
]]r ... vdk ...}}
vif;&Si\
f pum;onf vrf;wpf0ufwGif &yfqkdif;oGm;onf/ olYacgif;xJwGif tawG;wpfck 0ifvmaom
aMumifhyifwnf;/
]]t&ifwkef;u *dkPf;om;awGtay: igu odyfjyD; nmwmvGef;vdkY awmfvSefykefuef0HhwJhol ay:vmwmaygh/
tckqkd&if oifcef;pmaumif;aumif; ,loifhjyD/ xyfnmae&if xyfcH&OD;rSmyJ/ aemufwpfckuvJ tckpnf;urf;[m
wHk;zef;ykcscJhwJh pnf;urf;yJ/ olwkdYukd onftwdkif;qufjyD; vkdufemcdkif;vdkufkHyJ/ ightaeeJY zsufodrf;ypfzkdY rvdkbl;}}
tawG;aMumifh vif;&Sifonf xkdifcHk qwfueJ jyefxkdifvdkufawmhonf/ aemufa&mufvmaom *dkPf;om;rsm;
u 'l;axmuf EIwfqufaomtcg wm;jrpf&ef vif;&Sifonf pdwfrQyifrul;awmhacs/ xdkifcHkay: cHhcHhMuD; xkdifum
cH,laevdkufawmhonf/ todtrSwf jyKonfhtaejzihf acgif;udk qwfueJ wpfcsufom ndwfjyavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;url rodromjzifh aemufqkwfvmcJ&h m wjznf;jznf;ESifh cef;rMuD; t0if0em;odkY a&mufoGm;awmh
onf/ vif;&Sifxkdifaeonfh ae&mESifh tawmfyif uGmvSrf;cJhacsjyD/ ta0;rSae vif;&Sif\ rsufESmudk olvSrf;
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rIef0g;0g;om jrif&aom rmefwufjcif;? tmPm,pfrl;jcif;? igESifh igom EIdif;p&m[laom vuPm&yfrsm;udk
awGUvkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif roufromMuD; cHpm;vkduf&awmhonf/
]]tif; .. 'Dae&mrSm xkdifrd&if 'DvkdyHkpHrsKd;csnf; jzpfoGm;wwfMuwmygyJvm;}}
xdktcsdefwGif tzGJUrSL;? tpkrSL;rsm;onf vif;&Sifudk csD;usL;*kPfjyKpum; ajymMum;aeavawmh\/ olYxufig
tjydKifcsD;usL;aeMuonf/ xkd*dkPf;om;xJrS tcsdKUrSm t&ifu vif;&Sifudk jrifzl;olrsm; r[kwfMuacs/ tcsKdUum;
vif;&Sif\emrnfudkyif Mum;zl;olrsm; r[kwf/
odkYaomf vif;&Siftm; i,faygif;MuD;azmfrsm;ozG,f &if;&if;ESD;ESD;jzifh csD;usL;axmyem jyKaeMuawmh\/ tESpf
tom;r&Sdaom {&mr pum;MuD;pum;us,frsm;udk Mum;ae&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxJrSm GH&Smvmrdawmhonf/
vQmtdk;r&Sdqdkaom pum;twkdif; yg;pyfzsm;av;rS ajymaeMujcif;jzpfonf/ vif;&Siftay: opm&Sd ajymae
Mujcif; r[kwfacs/ olwdkYtwGuf tcGifhta&;rsm; vdkcsifom ajymaeMujcif;jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
920
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdpOf vif;vif;onf vifh[lcsKH;tem;odkY a&mufvmonf/

]]tpfudk ... uRefrwdkY [dkzufem;udk avQmufoGm;Munfh&atmif}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]aumif;w,f/ tpfudkvnf; 'Dem;rSmaejyD; tqDtom;r&SdwhJ pum;awG Mum;ae&wm em;uavmvSjyD/ vm
.. oGm;Mur,f}}
odkYjzifh r[l&mawmifukef;atmufodkY olwdkYESpfa,muf jyefqif;vmMuawmh\/ wpfxpfcsif; qif;ae&if;rS
vifh[lcsKH;u awG;vdkufrdonf/
]]'Dae&mu xGufoGm;jyD;&ifawmh 'DaeY jzpfysuforQ udptm;vHk;udk tdyfrufvdkyJ oabmxm;vdkufr,f/
aemufvnf; 'Dawmifukef;udk b,fawmhrS jyefrvmbl;}}
vif;vif;u ar;vkdufonf/ ]]tpfudk bmawG pOf;pm;aewmvJ[if}}
]]pOf;pm;aewmuawmh tpHkygyJ/ 'geJY tpfudkeJY tckwpfcgwnf; vif;vif; vdkufEdkifrvm;}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;rSm yef;Eka&mifvTrf;oGm;jyD; ...
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aeMuwmyJOpm}}
vif;vif;u taotcsm &Sif;jyonf/
]][dkwkef;uawmh tajctaet& avQmufoGm;&wmudk;/ aemufjyD; tJonfvkd avQmufoGm;vdkufwJhtwGuf
uRefr b,favmuftxd oGm;ykyfavvGihf tajymcHvkduf&ovJ ... aemufjyD;awmh apmapmwkef;u uRefrudk
tazu ajymvdkufwm tpfudk Mum;vdkufrSmaygh/ tpfudkYbufudk uRefrvdkufw,f qdkjyD;awmhav/ tckaeom
tpfudkeJY uRefrvdu
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vif;vif;\ pum;rsm;rSm usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfvSojzifh vifh[lcsKH;jidrfoufpGm em;axmifae&onf/
vif;vif;u ...
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vif;vif;u ...
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&rSmyJ/ tpfudkroGm;vdkY rjzpfbl; ...}}
vif;vif;u acgif;ndwf ...
]]tpfudkYudpu roGm;vdkY rjzpfbl;/ oGm;&rSmaygh/ usdvifxefu "m;odkif;rSmawmh tpfudkYudk b,fvdkrS r,SOf
Ekdifygbl;/ 'gayr,fh olY&JU OmPfeDOmPfeufudkvnf; tpfudkYtaeeJY b,fvdkrS ,SOfEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhrkdY
usdvifxefudk tpfudkaumif;aumif; owdxm;&r,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u olowdxm;rnfjzpfaMumif; acgif;ndwfjyvdkufonf/ vif;vif;\ apwem arwmudk olYtae
jzifh aumif;pGmem;vnfrdonf/ vif;vif;u quf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
921
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]trSefqdk&if uRefru tpfudkeJY vdkufcJhoifhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefru aerif;ocif*dkPf;u jzpfaeawmh

uRefrvkdufvm&if tpfudkYtwGuf aq;rjzpfyJ ab;jzpfaevdrfhr,f}}
ae&modkY a&mufaomtcg vif;vif;\ pum;&yfwefYoGm;um rsufESmav; Id;usoGm;onf/
]]tpfudkom *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfoGm;&if odyfemrnfausmfoGm;rSmyJaemf/ tJonftcgus&if
uRefrwkdYESpfa,muf wpfa,mufwpfvrf;pDjzpfjyD; a0;oGmMuawmhrSmyJ}}
vif;vif;\ vufuav;rsm;udk qkyfudkifvkdufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;u acsmharmhvkdufonf/
]]ckxd tpfudkajymwJhpum;udk vif;vif;u r,Hkao;bl;vm;}}
vif;vif;onf csnfheJYaom tjyHK;udk jyHK;&if; ...
]],Hkygw,f/ uRefrpdwfxJrSm pdk;&drfaewm wpfck &Sdw,f}}
]]bmrsm;vJ vif;vif; bmawG pdk;&draf ewmvJ}}
]]vlwpfa,muf okdif;ynm awmfvmyvm;qkd&if emrnfMuD;vmw,f/ emrnfMuD;vmwmeJYtrQ pdwfoabm
xm;awGvJ ajymif;vJvmw,f/ oludk,fwkdifuawmh rodbl;/ 'gayr,fh olYvkyfyHkukdifyHkawGu t&ifueJY rwlawmh
bl;/ wHk;zef;ykvJ tJovdkyJ/ tazhudkvnf; uRefr pdwfylw,f/ tazvnf; 'DvkdyJ jzpfawmhrSm}}
]]vif;vif;uvJ ... tJ'gudk pdk;&drfraeygeJY/ vlawGudk 'kuay;wJh ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} r&SdrSawmh
pdwfylp&m rvdkawmhygbl;}}
]][ifhtif; ... uRefrajymaewmudk tpfudk em;rvnfbl;/ uRefru odkif;ynmudk ajymaewmr[kwfbl;/ pdwf
oabmxm;udk ajymaewm/ ]aeMumyef; odkif;aygif;csKyf} xJu odkif;ynmawGudk r&cifuwnf;u wHk;zef;yk[m
*kdPf;csKyf&mxl; &wmyJ[m/ tJ'D *kdPf;csKyf&mxl;vJ &a&m/ pdwf"gwfawG ajymif;vJvmw,f/ pdwfMuD;0ifvm
w,f/ olawG;wmawG? olYt,ltqawG[m rSefuefw,fvdkY atmufarhvmw,f/ ab;u a0zefwifjywmawGudk
vufrcHawmhbl;/ jyD;awmh olvkyfcsifwmawGudk wpfaoG;wpfoHwpfrdefY avQmufvkyfcdkif;awmhwmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u em;vnfpmempGmjzifh...
]]vif;vif; taeeJY olrsm;awGudkom pdwfylyg/ tpfudkYtwGufawmh pdwfrylygeJY/ tpfudku wpfoufvHk;
ayghysufysuf? aemufaemufTwfTwf aevmwJhaumifyg/ [dwfMuD;[efMuD;eJY b0ifjrifhwJhtvkyf[m tpfudkeJY b,f
vkdrS rtyfpyfygbl;/ tckavmavmq,f [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfvkyfae&wmawmif pdwfnpfaewm ... xm;ygav/
vif;vif;ajymovdk pdwfajymif;jyD; b0ifjrifhvmw,f xm;ygOD;/ vif;vif;a&SUrSmawmh b,fawmhrS b0ifrjrifhyg
bl;/ 'gudkawmh ,Hkyg}}
vif;vif;u oufjyif;cs&if; ...
]][if; ... 'Dvkdom pdwf&if;rSefrSef &Sdr,fqkd&if aumif;wmaygh}}
vif;vif;\ cg;uav;udk tomt,m zufvkdufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]vif;vif; ... 'Dvdkqdk&if tpfudkoGm;awmhr,faemf/ aumif;qef;awmifay:u udpjyD;wmeJY vif;vif;udk
tpfudkvm&Smr,f/ tJonftcgus&ifawmh tpfudkeJY vif;vif; wpfoufvHk; rcGJMuawmhbl;}}
wGif vif;vif;\ rsufvHk;av;rsm;rSm wpfvufvuf ta&mifawmufyvmjyD; olru nif;nHhaom avoH
av;jzifh ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfukdYudpom jrefjrefjyD;jywfygap/ uRefr 'Dae&muaejyD; tpfukYt
d vmudk aeYwkdif;apmifharQmfaeyghr,f}}
wGif vifh[lcsKH;u olr\ yg;uav;udk kwfw&uf iHkYerf;vkduf&m vif;vif;rSm &Suf&Sufjzifh vifh[lcsKH;
tm; wGef;vTwfvdkufawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m;&,fvdkuf&if; [efqef;awmifodkY xGufoGm;avawmh
onf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
922
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wpfvrf;vHk; &yfem;jcif;r&SdyJ [efqef;awmifodkY c&D;jyif;ESifvmaom vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf jyefa&mufonf

ESifh *dkPf;om;tm;vHk;u vma&mufMudKqkdMuonf/ olwkdYomru [efqef;awmifrMuD;\ rsufESmcsif;qkdif
awmifukef;rsm;aeaom odkif;orm;rsm;uvnf; 0rf;omtm;& vmEIwfqufMuonf/
tajctaersm;udk ar;jref;Munfhvdu
k faomtcg usLcsef;u ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; .. rdef;uav;awGu [efqef;awmifrSm aeMuygw,f/ a,mufsm;av;awGu awmifrMuD;zuf
udk roGm;Muygbl;/ tm;vHk;yJ odkif;ynmudk aumif;aumif; avhusifhMuw,f/ pnf;urf;vnf; &SMd uygw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]][m .. 'gjzifh taumif;qHk;ayghAsm/ 'Dxufaumif;wm bm&SdOD;rSmvJ}}
&d[dku jyHK; 0ifajymvkdufonf/
]]olwkdY 'Dbufudk rvmMubl;qdkwmawmh [kwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh pnf;urf;&Sdw,fqdkwmawmh r[kwfbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]bmvkdYvJ}}
&d[dku ... ]]reufyJ jzpfjzpf? nyJ jzpfjzpf [dkzufrSm atmf[pfqlnHaewmudk tjrJMum;ae&wmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,f ...
]]&d[dk 'gawmh cGifhvTwf&r,f/ ighrdwfaqGawGudk jidrfckdif;vkdYawmhr&bl;/ 'Davmuf qlwmylwmav;awmh
onf;cHvkdufayawmh}}
oHk;vydki;f q,fhig;&ufodkY a&muf&ef tcsdefrsm;pGm rvkdawmhojzifh aumif;qef;awmifodkY c&D;xGuf&ef
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u jyifqifapvkdufawmhonf/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGif olwdkYtm;vHk; pwif xGufcGm vmMuawmhonf/ xkdaeYnwGif ]0rfwdk} jrpfurf;yg;odkY
qkdufa&mufvmMuonf/ jrpfurf;&Sd tdrfwpfaqmifudk iSm;&rf; ntdyf&yfem;Muonf/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGif vifh[lcsKH; Edk;vmaomtcg tdrfMuD;wpftdrfvHk; wdwfqdwf jidrfoufaeonfudk
awGU&avawmh\/
vefYzsyfoGm;aom vifh[lcsKH;u awG;vdkufrd\/
]]raeYnu igwdkYtm;vHk; t&ufaomufwm tawmfav; rsm;oGm;Muw,f/ vltm;vHk;vnf; awmfawmfav;
rl;oGm;Muw,f/ 'gudk tcGifhaumif;,ljyD; igh*dkPf;om;awGudk vkyfMuHowfjzwfoGm;Muovm; rodbl;}}
tawG;ESifhtwl vifh[lcsKH;u tuFsDudk uref;uwef; aumuf0wfum ajy;xGuf&if; atmfvdkufonf/
]]&Dvif .. &dcsif; ... rif;wkdY b,frSmvJ}}
&Dvifu tcef;wpfcef; twGif;rS ajy;xGufvmjyD; ...
]]tpfudkMuD; .. bmudp&SdvdkYvJ}}
&Dvifudk taumif;yuwdtwdkif; awGUvkduf&ojzifh pdwfoufom&m &oGm;aom vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vkdufonf/
]]rif;wdkY bmrS rjzpfMuygbl;aemf/ 'DaeY b,fES,fvkyfjyD; wdwfqdwfaeMuwmvJ/ usefwJhvlawG tdyf&mu
rxMuao;bl;eJY wlw,f}}
]]rxMuao;bl; tpfuMdk uD;}}
rdef;uav; *dkPf;om;rsm;twGuf pdwfat;oGm;&jyD jzpfojzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf a,mufsm;rsm; tdyfpufaom
tcef;zufodkY ajy;jyefonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
923
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tcef;wHcg;udk wGef;zGifhvdkufaomtcg rnfolYudkrQ rawGU&awmhacs/ pm;yGJay:wGifom avvmwkdif; wzsyf

zsyf vGifhcgaeaom pmGufav; wpfGufudk awGU&\/ pmGufav;udk opfwHk;wpfwHk;ESifh zdxm;aomaMumifh vGifhyg
roGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
pmGufav;udk &ifwxdwfxdwfjzifh aumufudkifum zwfMunfhvkduf\/
]]q&mav; vifh[lcsKH; .. uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk;twGuf r[l&m awmifukef;u trdefYa&mufvmvdkY jyefoGm;Mu
ygjyD/ q&mav;udk today;vdkY rjzpfvkdY wdwfwqdwf xGufoGm;Mu&wmyg/ 'DtwGuf cGifhvTwfygvdkY awmif;yefyg
w,f}}
pm\ atmufwGif ]usd[l}? ]avmifxdk}? ]usLcsef;} ESifh ]nDtpfudk &Jabmfrsm; tm;vHk;} [k vufrSwf xdk;xm;
Mu\/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
924
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aumif;qef;awmifodkY
xdkpmudk zwfvdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm taMumufajyoGm;aomfvnf; aqG;jrnfhovkd cHpm;vdkuf&awmh
onf/ olwkdY xGufcGmoGm;&onfh taMumif;&if;udk aumif;pGm &dyfrdvdkufonf/
]]q&mMuD; vif;&Sifu olYtrdefYeJY 'DvlawGtm;vHk;udk jyefac:vkdufwm taMumif;&Sd&r,f/ tJ'guvnf;
olY*dkPf;xJudk igr0ifvkdY qdkwmuvGJvdkY wjcm; bmjzpfEkdifOD;rSmvJ ... q&mMuD; vif;&Sifuvnf; ighudk olY*dkPf;xJ
0ifaphcsifw,f/ iguvnf; r0ifcsifbl;/ oluvJ tavQmhray;csifawmh cufaeawmhwmaygh/ bmyJ jzpfjzpf 'Dvl
awGudk jyefac:vkdufw,fqkdwm vif;vif;odoGm;&if pdwfqkd;rSm aocsmw,f... 'DudptwGuf oleJY olYtaz pum;
rrsm;ygapeJYvYdk qkawmif;&awmhrSmyJ}}
xdktcdkufrSmyif [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ odkif;orm;rsm; wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhonf
udk awGU&aomtcg tvGeftHhMooGm;Mu\/ tjrJvkdvdk wpfa,mufwpfaygufjzifh qlnHaeavh&Sdaom odkif;orm;
rsm; r&Sdawmhaomtcg qdwfjidrfrIu MuD;pdk;aeav\/
&d[dku ... ]]tpfudkMuD; ... 'DvlawG xGufoGm;wmvJ cyfaumif;aumif;ygyJ/ olwdkYu b,fawmhrS jidrfjidrf
oufouf aeMuwm r[kwfbl;/ .. aeYvnf; wqlql? nvnf; wqlql qdkawmh uRefrwkdYwpfawG aeYcif;rSm
vnf; aumif;aumif; rae&bl;/ nvnf; aumif;aumif; rtdyf&bl;}}
usufyef;uvnf; oGufvufpGmjzifh...
]][kwfw,f .. olwkdY xGufoGm;wm odyfaumif;w,f/ usefwJh *dkPf;MuD;av;*dkPf;xJu vlawGuvnf; olwkdY
udkyJ &r,f&SmaeMuwm/ wu,fvkdY tpfudkMuD;udk *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tjzpf aG;aumufr,f qkd&if
awmif aumif;qef;*dkPf;u 'Dodkif;orm;awGudk taMumif;jyjyD; uefYuGufOD;rSmyJ/ olwkdYxGufoGm;wmudk uRefr
odyfoabmuswmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK;aevkdufonf/ olYpdwfxJrS ...
]]atmf .. rif;wkdYu 'DvlMurf;awGudk oabmrusyJ jzpfaewmudk;/ tpuawmh ighrsufESmudk axmufjyD;
zGifhrajymcJhMubl;/ tck olwkdYzmom xGufoGm;awmhrS rif;wkdYu zGifhajymMuawmhw,f ... 'gayr,fh rif;wkdY
rodwmwpfck &Sdao;w,f/ 'DvlMurf;awG[m trlt&mtm;jzihf Murf;wrf;ayr,fh &Jabmf&JbuftwGufawmh
toufudkawmif pGefYvTwf&JMuwJh vlawGyg}}
xkdpOfrSmyif tcef;wpfcef;xJrS ]0kef;} ]'dkif;} paom toHrsm; Mum;vdkuf&onf/ tm;vHk;uref;uwef;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
925
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajy;oGm;Munfhaomtcg ukwifwpfvHk;ay:wGifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYudk awGUvdkufMu&\/ olwdkY tjzpfudk

jrifolwkdif; r&,fyJ raeEkdifMuay/
taMumif;rSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufrSm qeftdwfrsm; xyfxm;ouJhoYdk txyfvkdufMuD; jzpfaeMuonf/
tay:qHk;rS axmifuef;udk vifh[lcsKH;u ayGYcsay;vdkufonf/ xdktcgusrS olwdkY pum;rrsm;Ekdifonfh taMumif;
&if;udk awGUvkdufMu&awmhonf/ axmifuef;\ yg;pyfxJwGif oHyk&moD;wpfvk;H xnfhxm;aomaMumifhyifwnf;/
xdkoHyk&moD;udk vifh[lcsKH;u qGJxkwfay;vkdufonfESifh awmifusa& w&a[m xdk;usvmouJhodkY atmf[pf
qJqdkavawmh\/
]]acG;om;awG .. wpfrsKd;vkH; taoqdk;eJY aoMuygap/ acG;aumifawG ... trsKd;,kwfawG}}
&,farmvsuf vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vdkuf\/
]]aemifMuD; axmifuef; .. b,fhES,fvJ .. pum;vnf;ajymEkdifa&m rdk;rTefatmif qJawmhwmyJ/ b,folYudkrsm;
qJaewmvJ/ cifAsm;wkdUudk b,folu tckvkd vkyfoGm;wmvJ}}
axmifuef;u ...
]]b,folawG&Sd&rSmvJ/ [dkacG;rom; avmifxkdwkdYaygh/ igwkdYajcmufa,mufu dk;dk;om;om; t&ifwkef;uvkdyJ
rSwfjyD; t&uf0dkif;xdkifaomufaeMuwke;f taMumxdk;ydwfvdkufwmyJ/ acG;aumifawG .. acG;rsKd;awG .. usLcsef;vnf;
ygw,f/ 'DacG;aumifawG b0qufwkdif; qufwkdif; ajcusKd;vufusKd;jzpfygap/ qGHUt em;rMum; jzpfygap}}
axmifuef;ajymvkdufonfwGif vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;onf/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufrSm
wpfoD;yk*v nDtpfudkrsm;jzpf\/ olwkdYonf rnfolYudkrQ *kpdkufMuolrsm; r[kwfacs/ rnfolajcmufrQ
raMumufaomolrsm; jzpfav&m raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;csKyf vif;&Sif\ trdefYudkvnf; emcHMurnf r[kwfacs/
avmifxw
dk dkYrSm r[l&mawmifukef;odkYjyef&ef trdefY&xm;jyD;jzpf ae&mrS xGufcGmMu&awmhrnf jzpfonf/
usefvltm;vHk;rSm raumif;qkd;0g; *dkPf;om;rsm;csnf; jzpf taMumif;r[kw/f odkYaomf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufxHrS
owif;aygufMum;Ekdifonf/ xdkYaMumifh xkdajcmufa,mufudk tidkufzrf; taMumxkd;ydwfvdkufjcif; jzpfayvdrfh
rnf/ xkdokdY jyKcJhonfhtwGufvnf; olwkdY xGufoGm;onfhtaMumif;udk vifh[lcsKH; bmrQrodvdkuf&jcif; jzpfawmh
\/
vifh[lcsKH;u rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ taMumrsm;udk ajzay;vkduf\/
jyD;aemuf &d[dkwdkYESifh tjyifxGufvm\/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm tcef;xJwGif wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf
pum;rsm; tjypfwif&if; usef&pfcJhavawmh\/
&d[dkwdkYtm; aeomovdkae&ef vifh[lcsKH;u trdefYay;vkdufonf/ odkYaMumihf &d[dkwdkYonfvnf; olwdkYtzGJYESifh
olwdkY jyifqif&ef&Sdonfrsm;udk oGm;a&muf jyifqifaeMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,mufurl tjyifodkY
xGufvmjyD; opfyifMuD; wpfyifatmufwGif xkdifaevkduf\/
eHeufcif;\ Icif;rSm om,mvSyjyD; awGYjrif&oltaygif;\ pdwfESvHk;udk Munfat;csrf;ajrh aponf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,mufrSmrl odkif;orm;rsm; r[l&mawmifuek f;odkY jyefoGm;onfhudpESifh ywfouf
vif;vif;odoGm;vQif rnfuJhokdY aygufuGJEkdio
f nfudkom pOf;pm;aerdawmhonf/
vif;vif;tzkYd zcifuwpfzuf? cspfolu wpfzuf jzpfaeojzihf tawmfuav; pdwfIyfaxG;oGm;rnfrSm
aocsmaeayonf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf oufjyif;&SnfMuD; csvdkufrdawmhonf/
]]tpfudkMuD; pdwfnpfaeovm;[if}}
ol\aemufausmrS rdef;uav;oH wpfoH xGufay:vmojzifh uref;uwef; vSnfhMunhfvdkuf&m &Dvifjzpfae
onfudk awGU&\/ vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;,rf;jy&if; ...
]]bmrS rjzpfygbl; nDrav;&m}}
&Dvifu avoHuav;ESifh ..
.
]]tpfudkMuD;ukd uRefr pum;wpfcGef;avmuf ar;csifw,f/ ar;cGifhjyKrvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fumarmumjzifh ...
]]ar;yg .. ar;yg .. &ygw,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
926
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudkMuD;taeeJY vif;vif;udk ydkoabmusvm; ... 'grSr[kwf vdefvdefYudk ydkoabmusvm;}}

&Dvif\ tar;aMumihf vifh[lcsKH;rSm wpfcsufrQ aMumifoGm;\/ &Suftrf;trf;vnf; jzpfoGm;\/ olu
jyefar;vdkufonf/
]]&Dvif .. rif;u bmpdwful;ay:vmvdkY 'Dar;cGef;udk vmar;&wmvJ}}
]]tpfr&d[dkwdkYu ar;cdkif;vkdYyg/ olwkdYu rar;&JvdkYwJh}}
]]olwkdYuaum bmjzpfvkdY ar;ckdif;wmvJ/ taMumif;&SdvdkYvm;/ taMumif;r&SdyJeJYawmh ar;cdkif;rSm r[kwfbl;
... bmjzpfvkdY ajymEkdifovJqkdawmh rif;wkdY&JUoabmudk tawmfav; igodxm;vdkYyJ/ rif;wkdY[m taMumif;r&SdyJ
rar;wwfMubl;}}
&Dvifu acgif;uav; iHkYoGm;jyD; ...
]]tpfudkBuD; [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf&mxl; qufcHr,fh tcsdefwkef;u uRefrwkdY*kdPf;u tpfr ESpfa,mufudk 0gqef;
*dkPf;ukd taMumif;Mum;zkdY apvTwfcJhw,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]at;av ... vTwfcJhw,f .. tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}}
]]tJ'D tpfrESpfa,mufudk 0gqef;*dkPf;u zrf;csKyfxm;vdkufw,f}}
]]bmajymw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYem;udk olr,Hkvdkufojzifh atmf[pfar;jref;vkdufrdonf/ jyD;rS pdwfudk jyefvnfxdef;odrf;um
...
]]at; .. ajymprf;ygOD;/ igu olwdkYESpfa,muf bmjzpfvkdY jyefrvmao;ovJvdkY pdwfylaewm/ 'DtaMumif;udk
rif;u b,fhES,fh odowkef;}}
]]xifaygajymvkdY odwmyg tpfudkMuD;}}
]]rif;&JU wynfhxifaygvm;}}
]][kwfygw,f/ r[l&mawmifukef;udk tpfudkMuD; vdkufoGm;wJhaemufydkif;rSm tpfrwdkY wkdifyifjyD;awmh xifayg
udk 0gqef;*dkPf;udk vTwfvdkufw,f/ udpuawmh uRefrwdkY&JU tpfrESpfa,muf bmaMumifh jyefrvmovJqkdwm
pHkprf;zkdYyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwfum ...
]][kwfw,f ... xifay:[m udk,fazmhodik f;ynm odyfaumif;w,f/ 'Dvdk vQKdU0SufpHkprf;&r,fh udpawGrSm
xifayg[m odyftoHk;0ifrSmaygh/ igawmif olYudkvTwfjyD; pHkprf;ckdif;zkdY owdr&bl;/ rif;wkdY owd&w,fqkdawmh
odyfawmfwmaygh}}
&Dvifu ...
]]0gqef;awmifudk a&mufawmh xifayg[m tpfrESpfa,mufudk awGUcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh u,fxkwfzkdY rvG,f
bl;wJh/ tJonfudp pHkprf;zdkY olYudk uRefrwdkYvTwfvkdufuwnf;u aoaocsmcsm rSmvdkufygw,f/ 0gqef;*dkPf;udk
rxdcdkuf rapmfum;rdygapeJYvdkY/ awmfawmfMum tus,ftus,f rNidrf;zG,fjzpfae&if tpfudkMuD; pdwfqdk;aevdrfhr,f
vdkY taotcsm rSmvdkufygw,f}}
]]olYudk rif;wdkYu awmifay: ac:cdkif;wmvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... olYudk cdkif;p&m &Sd&if pma&;jyD; rSm&wmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,fvkdufrdonf/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;u w,f[kwfygvm;// pma&;jyD; trdefYay;wmudk; .. 'Dvkd usawmhvnf;
rif;u wu,fhq&m wpfa,muf twkdif;ygyJvm;}}
&Dvif\ rsufESmav; eD&JoGm;jyD; ...
]]cdkif;p&m &Sd&if uRefrwdkYu pma&;jyD; olYukd rSm&wmyJ ... pmudkawmh qGHYt em;rMum;wJh r,foDv&ifMuD;udk
oGm;ydkYcdkif;&w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK; xyfar;vkdufonf/
]]aemufxuf xl;xl;qef;qef; bmowif;rsm; xifaygqDuae Mum;&ao;vJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
927
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dvif\ toHav;rSm xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wkef,ifvmonf/

]]olajymwmuawmh vufxyfr*Fvm tcrf;tem; wpfck awGYw,fwJh/ tpfukdMuD;&JU q&mu olYorD;
vdefvdefYudk vufxyfay; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmtrlt&m ajymif;vJoGm;onfudk awGUvdkuf&ojzifh ajymae&if;wef;vef;rS &Dvif
wpfa,muf &yfoGm;awmhonf/ qufrajym&Jawmhacs/
wpfaeYusvQif owif; Mum;&rnfudk MudKwif odxm;aomfjim; trSefwu,f Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif pl;ueJ emusifoGm;rdawmhonf/ twefMumrS olYpdwfudkxdef;um xyfar;vdkufonf/
]]&Dvif ... ajymp&m &Sdwm qufajym}}
&Dvifu pdwfraumif;oHav;jzifh ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ... uRefrwdkYu 'Dowif;udk rajymcsifygbl;/ tpfudkMuD; pdwfraumif; jzpfrSmudkvnf; pdk;&drf
ygw,f}}
]]udp r&Sdygbl; &Dvif ... kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&awmh wpfrsKd;jzpfoGm;wmyg/ ajymp&m&Sdwm qufajymyg/
igvnf; tjynfhtpHk odcsifygw,f}}
]]xifaygajymwmuawmh onfavmufygyJ ... [dk ... vifrdefusufqdkwJhvleJY tpfudkMuD;q&m&JU orD; vdefvdef
wdkY vufxyfyGJudk awGUcJh&wmygyJ ... tpfr&d[dku ajymw,f/ vif;vif;[m raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;uvl jzpfayr,fh
kyfvnf;acsm? odkif;ynmvnf;awmf? olwyg;udkvnf; ulnDcsifpdwf&SdvdkY vdefvdefqdkwJh rdef;uav;xuf q,fq
ru ydkawmfw,fwh}J }
vifh[lcsKH;u rcsdjyHK;jyHK;vkdufjyD; ...
]]udpr&Sdygbl;/ ighnDrav;u a,mufsm;aumif;wpfa,muf &oGm;wmyJ ... ightaeeJY 0rf;awmifom&OD;r,f}}
]]xifaygajymwm usefao;w,f/ tJonf r*FvmyGJudk *dkPf;toD;oD;uvlawG? {nfhonfawG vmMuwm
wu,fhudk tHk;tHk;uRufuRufqdkyJ/ q&mMuD; &ufykcRefu uRefrwdkY*dkPf; wpf*dkPf;wnf;ukdyJ uGufjyD; csefxm;cJh
wmwJh}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm toHrjyKEdkifawmhay/ acgif;udkom ndwfjyvdkufonf/ &ufykcReftaejzifh tb,frSmvQif
[efqefk;*dkPf;udk zdwfawmhrnfenf;/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vifh[lcsKH; qdkaomolu olYt&Sufudk aumif;aumif;
cGJcJholyif r[kwfygvm;/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; taejzifh a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;twGif; &ufykcRefu vifh[lcsKH;tm; rIrvS ta&;edrfh
cJh&onfhtaMumif;udk od&Sdygu rQavmuf tHhMornfr[kwfacs/
&Dvifu vifh[lcsKH;\ tuFsDpukd qGJum ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ... vifrdefusufqkdwJhvlu tpfudkMuD;udk b,fvkdrS ,SOfvdkYr&ygbl;/ odkif;ynmcsif; ,SOfrvm;/
pdwfaeoabmxm;csif; ,SOfrvm;/ b,fae&mrS ,SOfvkdYr&ygbl;/ vdefvdef[m l;vdkY rdkufvdkY tJonfvleJY
vufxyfoGm;wmyg/ tpfrMuD;awGu tJonfowif;udk MudKodaewmawmif enf;enf;uav; MumoGm;jyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]olwkdYu ododcsif; ighudk rajymyJeJY bmjzpfvkdY tckrS zGifhajymMuwmwJhwkef;}}
]]tpfudkMuD;udk zGifhrajymwmu taMumif;rJh xdefcsefxm;csifvkdY r[kwfygbl;/ tpfudkMuD; pdwfxdcdkufoGm;rSm
pdk;vdkY rajymyJ xm;Muwmyg/ tcktcgawmh rajymvdkY rjzpfawmhbl;av/ aemuf oHk;av;&ufqdk&if aumif;qef;
awmifudk uRefrwdkY a&mufawmhr,f r[kwfvm;}}
]]nDrav; &Dvif ... aumif;qef;awmifudk igwdkY a&mufwmeJY 'Dowif;eJY bmqkdifovJ}}
]]qdkifwmaygh tpfudkMuD; .. aumif;qef;awmifudk *dkPf;tm;vHk; vmMurSmqdkawmh vdefvdefvnf; olYa,mufsm;
vifrdefusufeYt
J wl vmrSmyJ/ 'gudk kwfw&uf awGUvdkuf&if tpfudkMuD; pdwfxdcdkufjyD; aqmifGuf&r,fh udpMuD;
ysufjym;oGm;rSm pdk;&w,f ... tpfrawGtm;vHk;u ajymaeMuw,f/ tcktcsdefrSm vif;vif;om&Sdae&if odyfaumif;
rSmyJwJh/ tm;vHk;[m tpfudkMuD;twGufyJ pdk;&drfaeMuwm ... 'gaMumifh tpfudkMuD;udk azsmif;azsmif;zszs ajymay;zdkY
uRefrudk vTwfMuwm/ vdefvdefYudk ta&;rpkdufygeJYawmhaemf}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
928
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&DvifwdkYudk aus;Zl;wifvdkufrdonfESifh wjydKifeufyif vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxJrS vGefpGm &Sufrd\/

]]aMomf ... olwdkYu ighudk 'Davmufxd *kpdkufaeMuwmudk;}}
xkdYaMumifh &Dviftm; tm;wif; jyHK;jyvkduf&if; olu ajymvdu
k fonf/
]]nDrav;&Dvif ... ightwGuf rif;bmrS pdwfryleJY/ rif;&JU tpfrawGudkvnf; ajymjyvdkuf/ ighpdwfudk ig
xdef;Edkifygw,fvdkY/ 'Dowif;Mum;awmh igpdwfxcd dkufwm trSefygyJ/ 'gayr,fh igajzazsmufEkdifygw,f}}
jyD;aemuf {nfha*[mtwGif;odkY vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf jyef0ifoGm;jyD; c&D;rxGufrD tpm;taomufrsm; tjyD;
tpD; pm;aomufMu&ef *dkPf;om;rsm;udk trdefYay;vdkufonf/ pm;aomufjyD;aemuf c&D;qufxGufvmMuonf/
oHk;vydki;f ? q,fhig;&ufaeY eHeuf a0vDa0vif;wGif vifh[lcsKH;acgif;aqmifaom [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf
aumif;qef;awmifodkY pwif wufrdMuavonf/ awmifwpf0ufcefYwGif aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u qD;MudKvm
Mu\/
]]xdkufqef;? csKH;qef;? 0gqef;*dkPf;u nDtpfudkawG tm;vHk; raeYnuwnf;u aumif;qef;awmifay:
a&mufaeygjyD ... tck *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vifh[lcsKH; a&mufvmjyDqdkawmh *dkPf;tm;vHk; pHkoGm;jyDaygh}}
rnfokdYrQ jyefrajymyJ vifh[lcsKH;u awmifwufc&D; twkdif; qufwufoGm;vdkufonf/
c&D;vrf;wpfavQmufvHk; oefY&Sif;pGm vSnf;usif;xm;onf/ wpfrdkifjcm;wpfcg Z&yfwpfaqmifpD aqmufvkyf
xm;jyD; pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk tqifoifh wnfcif;xm;onf/ *dkPf;MuD;av;*dkPf;rS {nfhonfrsm; pm;oHk;
tem;,l&ef jyifqifxm;jcif; jzpfonf/
qifajc&mrsm;onf qifaumifMuD;&Sd&modkY nTefjyaeovdk tpDtpOfrsm;onfvnf; aumif;qef;*dkPf;\
usdvifxefu *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;ae&mudk r&&atmif ,lawmhrnf[laom oabmudk azmfjyaeay
onf/
awmifwufvrf;twkdif; qufwufvm&if;rS aemufzufrS atmfac:oHudk Mum;vkduf&onf/
]]&Dvif ... a[h .. &Dvif}}
&Dvifu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh jyefxl;vdkufonf/
]]azaz}}
vSrf;MunhfvdkufMuaomtcg udk,fcEm MuD;rm;xGm;usKdif;vSaom bkef;awmfMuD;wpfyg; avQmufvmonfudk
awGYvdkufMu&\/ xdkbkef;awmfMuD;um; &Dvif\ zcifjzpfaom ykusufbkef;MuD;yif jzpfawmh\/ olYaemufzufwGif
bkef;awmfMuD; aemufwpfyg; ygvmao;\/
,cifu ykusufbkef;awmfMuD;udk wpfyg;wnf;om zl;awGUavh&Sdojzifh vifh[lcsKH; tHhMooGm;rd\/ xkdYaMumifh
aemufrSygvmaom bkef;MuD;udk taotcsm Munfhvdkuf&m tMuD;tus,f tHhMooGm;awmhonf/ taMumif;rSmum;
,if;udk,fawmfrSm xifayg jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;omru &DvifrSmvnf; tMuD;tus,f tHhMooGm;awmh\/ tHhMop&mvnf; aumif;vSayonf/
xifayguJhodkYaom olwpfa,muf bkef;MuD;0wfoGm;onf qkdonfrSm a&xJrSig;rsm; ukef;ay:wuf oDusL;uckef
Muonfqdkaom owif;uJhodkYyif r[kwfygvm;/
&Dvifu txpfxpftaighaighjzifh ar;vdkufrdonf/
]]&Sif ... &Sif ... b,fvdk jzpfvmwmvJ/ b,fhES,f bkef;MuD; 0wfvkdufwmvJ}}
ykusufbkef;MuD;u tm;&auseyfaom avoHjzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]'Daumifxifaygu pdwfaumif;0ifoGm;jyDuG .. r[kwfw,kwf vkyfcsifwJhpdwfawGvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ 'Dtcsdef
rsKd;rSm zrf;jyD; bkef;MuD;0wfcdkif;vkdufawmh olYtwGuf ydkaumif;oGm;wmaygh/ aemufqkd&if b,frdef;uav;udkrS
aESmifh,SufawmhrSm r[kwfbl// raumif;bl;vm;}}
pum;qHk;aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;zufodkY vSnfhum olu qufajymvku
d fonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; .. rif;udk igu aysmhwdaysmhnHh atmufarhaewm/ tckvdk ighorD;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfoGm;jyD
qkdawmh awmfao;wmaygh ... 'DaeY igu taMumif;rJhvmwm r[kwfbl;uG ... igh&JU ajr;wynfheJYtwl rif;udk
vmjyD; tm;ay;wmuG .. [m; ... [m;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
929
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ykusufbkef;awmfMuD;onfvnf; tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuJhodkY vlxl;vlqef;jzpfaMumif; odaejyD;jzpfojzifh

vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK;jyvkdufum jyefajzvdkufonf/
]]tckvdk vmtm;ay;wmudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&mMuD;}}
pum;wajymajymjzifh olwkdYtm;vHk; awmifxdyfodkY a&mufvmMuawmh\/
awmifxdyf&Sd uGif;jyifus,fMuD;wGif vlaygif;rsm;pGm pka0;a&muf&Sdaeonfudk awGUvdkuf&awmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
930
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*dkPf;BuD; 5 *dkPf;
aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefu ol\wynfh ESpfq,fcefYudk OD;aqmif vifh[lcsKH;tm; cefYnm;pGm
MudKqdkvdkufonf/
usdvifxefrSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf tjzpfomru r[mrdwftzGJYcsKyf\ acgif;aqmiftjzpfyg aqmifGufae
&oljzpf&m tMuD;tuJwpfa,muf\ [dwf[eftjynfh xkwfwwfoljzpfayonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl toufi,fG,fol jzpfonfhtjyif [efqef;*dkPf;csKyftjzpf rwwfom vkyfae&oljzpf&m
[dwf[efrxkwfwwfay/ ol\ e*dkADZt&vnf; ayghysufysuf jzpfovdk aewwfol jzpfonfhtwkdif; ,ckvnf;
omrefvl wpfa,mufES,f aumif;qef;awmifxdyfodkY wufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf usdvifxefu rnfrQ [dwf[efxkwfum tom;,laeapumrl vifh[lcsKH;rSm usdvifxef
xuf toufrsm;pGm i,faeoljzpf cg;udkif; tdktaoay; EIwfqufvdkufonf/
usdvifxefu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;vdk vli,fwpfa,muftaeeJY [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf wufjzpfw,fqdkawmh wu,fhukd csD;usL;
p&myJ/ odkif;avmurSm 'DvdktjzpfrsKd; wpfcgrQ r&Sdzl;ao;bl;}}
usdvifxef\yg;pyfu csD;usL;onf[k ajymvdkufaomfvnf; ol\rsufESmwGifawmh csD;usL;onfh t&dyf
ta,mif tenf;i,frQyif &Smr&acs/ oa&mfvkdonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm;om rsufESmwGif ay:vGifaeonf/
usdvifxef\ pum;&dyf pum;uJudk vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; odvdkufonf/ rdrdtm; ceJYaejcif;omjzpfonf/
]odkif;avmurSm 'DvdktjzpfrsKd; wpfcgrQ r&Sdzl;ao;bl;} [k ajymvkdufjcif;rSm a,mufsm;wpfOD; jzpfvsufESifh
r,foDv&if*dkPf;udk *dkPf;csKyfvkyfaejcif;twGuf vifh[lcsKH;udk avSmifajymifoa&mf vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vHk;0 [efrysufapyJ ...
]]uRefawmfu *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk qufcHcsifvGef;vdkY r[kwfygbl;/ q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef&JU trdefYt& tkyfcsKyfae
wmyg ... t"du &nfG,fcsufuawmh q&mrMuD;wkdY&JU &efaMuG;udk vufpm;acsay;zkdYygyJ/ jyD;wmeJY 'D*dkPf;csKyf
&mxl;uae xGufrSmyg/ [efqef;*dkPf;xJu oifhawmfr,fh vlwpfa,mufudk *dkPf;csKyftjzpf jyefcefYay;cJhrSmyg}}
xkdpum;udak jym&if;rS usdvifxef\rsufESmudk vifh[lcsKH; aocsmpGm tuJcwfvkdufonf/ olYpum;rsm;aMumifh
usdvifxef\ trlt&m rnfrQysufoGm;rnfudk odcsifaerdonf/
odkYaomf usdvifxef\ trlt&m wpfcsufrQ rysufcJhay/
xdkYaMumihf [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mrMuD;wifh&SefESifh q&mrMuD;wifh&DwkdY aoqHk;&onfhudpESifh ywfouf
usdvifxeftay: oHo, &Sdxm;onfrsm;yif rSm;,Gif;aeovdkvdk jzpfvm&awmh\/
odkYaomf usdvifxefonf tawGUtMuHK tvGefw&m &ifhusufaeol jzpf&m aumif;aumif; [efaqmifEkdifjcif;
vnf; jzpfEdkifayonf/
usdvifxefu ...
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;u r[mrdwfzGJUxm;wmyJ? aemufaeYrSmqdk&if r[mrdwftzGJUvkdYawmif oHk;zkdY rvkdawmhbl;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
931
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wpf*dkPf;wnf; jzpfoGm;awmhrSmyJ/ 'Dawmh 'Dq&mrMuD;awG&JU &efaMuG;[m [efqef;*dkPf; wpf*dkPf;wnf;&JUudp

r[kwfawmhb;l / igwkdY awmifMuD;ig;vHk;&JUudp jzpfvmjyD ... q&mrMuD;awGtwGuf &efaMuG;qyfzkdYudk
rif;wpfa,mufwnf; awG;awmylyefaezkdY rvkdygbl;/ igwkdYtm;vHk; pkaygif;jyD; azmfxkwf&rSmyJ/ 'D&efaMuG;ukd igwkdY
tm;vHk;acsqyfay;&r,f}}
usdvifxef\ pum; olYtay: oHo,jzpfp&mpum; wpfvHk;wpfavrQyif rygacs/ oluyif &efaMuG;
qyf&ef MudK;pm;OD;rnf[k qkdxm;onf r[kwfygvm;/
usdvifxefu quf ...
]]xdkufqef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif? 0gqef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD; &ufykcRef? csKHqef;*dkPf;u q&mMuD;
armfwm;wdkYeJY tjcm;aom odkif;avmuu emrnfMuD; yk*dKvfMuD;awG a&mufaejyD ... oGm;jyD; EIwfqufvkdufygOD;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]][kwfuJh ... 'geJY a&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmfMuD;eJY [lwef; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wkdYa&m ra&mufvm Muao;
bl;vm;/ olwkdYvnf; a&mufaeMujyDeJYwlw,f}}
usdvifxefu avoHat;at;jzifh ...
]]'Dyk*Kd vfMuD;ESpfa,mufu igwkdY aumif;qef;awmifeJY eD;eD;uyfuyf &Sdwmawmh rSefyg&JU/ 'gayr,fh olwkdYu
*dkPf;MuD; 0gMuD;wJh yk*dKvfMuD;awGvnf; jzpfjyef ... [kd;tpuwnf;u oD;oD;jcm;jcm; aexkdifcJhMuwmqdkawmh
'DvdkyGJrsKd;udk vmrSmr[kwfygbl;/ vmr,fqdk&if tapmMuD;uwnf;u a&mufvmr,f xifwmyJ/ tck tcsdefrSawmh
vmawmhr,f rxifbl;}}
acgif;udk ndwfjyvdkufaomfvnf; vifh[cl sKH;u rnfonfhpum;ukdrQ jyefrajymawmhacs/
xdktcsdefrSmyif awmifwufvrf;wpfavQmuf aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;ESpfa,muf tm;oGef ajy;wufvmMuonf
udk awGUvdkuf&onf/ ajy;wufvmyHkudkMunfh olwkdYwGif tvGefw&m ta&;MuD;aom udpwpf&yf ygvmaMumif;
trlt&mt& xif&Sm;aeonf/ rnfonfu
h dprSef; rodMuojzifh awmifxdyf&Sd vltm;vHk;uvnf; xdkvlESpfa,muf
udkom 0dkif;MunfhaeMuonf/
xdkpOf aumiff;qef;*dkPf;om; ESpfa,mufonf usdvifxefa&SUodkY a&mufvmjyD; 'l;axmufvkdufum tarm
waum tpD&ifcHMuavawmh\/
]]q&m ... q&m ... odyf0rf;omp&m owif;ygvmw,f/ a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;&JU ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf
MuD; zef;wif;eJY [lwef;*dkPf;csKyf &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wkdYESpfa,muf olwkdY&JU *dkPf;om;awGeJYtwl uRefawmfwdkY&JU awmif
ig;vHk;*dkPf;opfMuD;udk *kPfjyKzkdY vmaejyD/ tJ'gudk q&mapmapmpD;pD; owif;MudK&xm;atmif uRefawmfwdkY
tarmwaum ajy;vmjyD; tpD&ifcHwmyg}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]a&Smifvifq&mawmfMuD;eJY [lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;wkdY MuGvmMuw,f [kwfvm;/ ... 'Dvkdqkd&if awmifatmufudk
qif;MudKrSyJ}}
usdvifxef\ avoHrSm oHrSeftwkdif;ajymvkdufaom avoHomjzpfonf/ omref{nfhonfrsm;udk MudKqdkonfh
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odkYaomf ... odkYaomf ...
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onftcsufu olrnfrQ 0rf;ajrmuf*P
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[efqef;*dkPf;csKyf &mxl;udk vifh[lcsKH;qufcHpOfu olwkdYESpfa,muf MuGvmjcif;rSm r*Fvmpum;ajym&eftjyif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
932
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
txl;ta&;MuD;aom vQKdU0Sufudp wkdifyif&ef taMumif;&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

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tm;vHk;yif vIyfvIyfGG jzpfoGm;Muavawmh\/
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rsm;rsm; vdkufygjyD; MudKqkdMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;url vdkufygoGm;jcif;r&SdyJ ab;wGif
tomyif &yfaevdkufMu\/
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rsm;jzifh om;wynfhtm; MuifempGm Munfh&if;u ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
933
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rkef;oGm;jyDwJhvm;/ ... rrkef;bl; ... rif;udk igwkdY&JU om;t&if;vkdyJ oabmxm;wkef;yJ}}

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us&aom rsuf&nfrsm;ygay/ vifh[lcsKH;u idkoHygMuD;jzifh ...
]]q&meJY q&mrwkdY&JU aus;Zl;awGudk uRefawmf b,fawmhrS rarhEkdifygbl; ... uRefawmhftay: q&mhoabm
xm; rajymif;bl;qkdwmod&vdkY 0rf;omrqHk;ygbl;q&m}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ ycHk;udk wpfcsuf ykwfum &ufykcRefu ...
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w,f/ aemufawmhrS xyfaqG;aEG;wmaygh/ uJ .. x .. pdwfat;at;om xm;ayawmh}}
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url jyHK;jyvkdufonf/ olYtjyHK;onf rcsdjyHK;jzpfaomfvnf; tawmftwef aÈ&ayonf/
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awmufajymifvSonfh t0wftpm;rsm; jzpfaomfvnf; olrrsufESm tm;opfaysmfTifrIrsKd; vHk;0r&SdyJjzpfae\/
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jzpfaeawmh\/
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a&mufvmMuwmyg}}
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ndwf vkyfae\/
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]]q&mhavoH Munhf&wm igh&JUtjypfawGudk cGifhvTwfjyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ 0ifcGifh jyefay;awmhr,fhyHkyJ/ tJonf
tcsufu awmfawmfuav; pOf;pm;p&maumif;w,f/ t&ifwkef;u ightay: jyif;jyif;xefxef qufqHcJhjyD; tckrS
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
934
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
bmjzpfvkdY csKdcsKdomom qufqHae&wmvJ}}

OD;aESmufajcmufrwwf pOf;pm;jyD;rS vifh[lcsKH; oabmaygufvkdufonf/
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aemufjyD;awmh nDrav; vdefvdefukd vifrdefusufeJY vufxyfay;vdkufawmh ightwGuf riJhnmovdk jzpfoGm;awmh
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]]Munfh&wJh yHkuawmh odyfr[efbl;/ 'DvlawGu vlpdrf;awGy/J usdvifxefu MudKwifjyD; jyify tultnDawG
ac:xm;jyDyJ/ 'gu MudKwifMuHpnfcsufyJ/ wu,fvdkY wpfckckjzpf&if olwkdY aumif;qef;*dkPf; wpf*dkPf;wnf;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
935
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,ckav;wif usdvifxefu *kdPf;tm;vHk;ESifh twdtus aqG;aEG;cJhjyD;jyD[k ajymxm;cJh&m ,ck q&mMuD;

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aeavjyD/
odkYaomf usdvifxefu vHk;0 trlt&m rysufyJ at;aq;pGmjzifh ...
]]usKyf apmapmu ajymcJhwJhpum;xJrSm tcsufwpfcsufygw,f/ cifAsm;wkdY owdjyKvdkuf rdovm;awmh
rajymwwfbl;/ odkif;avmuMuD;xJrSm ta&;tcif;MuD; wpfcsKdU jzpfcJhw,f/ ... 'gawGaMumifh usKyfwkdY *dkPf;MuD;ig;
*dkPf;[m ryl;aygif;vkdY rjzpfawmhbl;/}}
q&mMuD;armfwm;udk vSrf;Munfhvkduf&if; usdvifxefu pum;qufvdkufonf/
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wpfa,mufeJY raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u csD;&efeJY olYajr;rav;vJ ygw,f/ 'Davmuf trsm;eJY wpfa,muf wkdufvdkY
usKyf&JU *dkPf;wl nDav; aoqHk;&jcif; jzpfygw,f}}
usdvifxef\ pum;xJwGif trSefwpf0uf trSm;wpf0uf ygaeonf/ olajymonfhvlrsm; yg0ifonfuawmh
rSefonf/ odkYaomf 0dkif;0ef;wkdufckdufonfht&m yg0ifjcif;r[kwfay/ az;ajymif;udk q&mMuD;armfwm; wpfa,muf
wnf;u wkdufcdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ rnfodkYyif jzpfap/ rQ twdtus ajymvmEkdifjcif;twGuf MuufoD;arT;nif;
xavmufonfuawmh trSefyif jzpfonf/
owif;onf rnfuJhodkY aygufMum;oGm;onfudk rodaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;xHrS raygufMum;onfudkawmh
q&mMuD;armfwm; taotcsm ,HkMunfonf/ ,ckyHktwkdif;qkdygu aumif;qef;*dkPf;ESifh csKHqef;*dkPf;onf
urmh&ef jzpf&ayawmhrnf/
q&mMuD; armfwm;u qufawG;vdkufonf/ rdrduom usdvifxefudk tavsmhray;yJ wif;cHaevQif
aumif;qef;awmifay:rS toufESifh cEm wGJ qif;Ekdifygrnfavm rod/ rdrdtwGuf taMumif;r[kwaf omfvnf;
*dkPf;om;rsm;udkvnf; iJhnm&ayOD;rnf/
xdkpOf usdvifxefu ...
]]'DaeY usKyfwkdY *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; aygif;wJhudp[m ordkif;wGifr,fh r[mudpMuD; jzpfygw,f/ q&mMuD;
armfwm;cifAsm ... cifAsm;eJY usKyf[m *dkPfacgif;aqmifawGqdkawmh tjrifus,f&r,f/ rsufarT;wpfq;Hk MunfhvdkY
rjzpfacsbl;/ rsufpdwpfqHk;MunfhjyD; tm;vHk;&JU a&&SnftusKd;pD;yGm;udk aqmifGuf&rSmjzpfw,f/ 'Dawmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
936
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
trsm;tusKd;udk OD;pm;ay;&r,f/ udk,fa&;udk,w

f m udkawmh aemufcsefxm;&r,f/}}
usdvifxef\ toHonf ydk El;nHhaysmhajymif;oGm;onf/
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk tusKd;jyKEkdifwJh udpqdk&if usKyfwdkYu yk*dKvfa&; &efa<uawGudk ab;z,fxm;&r,f/
'Dudpav; twGufeJYawmh q&mMuD; armfwm; bmrS pdwfraumif; rjzpfygeJYawmh/ az;ajymif;[m usKyf&JU *dkPf;wl
nDav;jzpfwm rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;vdkufjyDqkd&if wpf*dkPf;wnf; jzpfoGm;jyD/
cifAsm;eJY usKyfwkdYcsif; nD&if;tpfudkawGvdk jzpfoGm;jyD/ .. aowJhvlvnf; aojyD/ 'DaowJhvltwGuf usefwJh
usKyfwdkY nDtpfudk tcsif;csif; aoG;xGufoH,dk jzpfp&m vdkao;ovm;/ ... b,fhES,fvJ ... usKyfajymwJh pum;u
obm0 rusbl;vm;}}
at;aq;wnfjidrfpGm ajymaejcif; jzpfaomfjim; usdvifxefonf wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh q&mMuD;armfwm;tm;
twdtvif; jcdrf;ajcmufaejcif;jzpf\/ q&mMuD;armfwm;uvnf; t"dyg,fudk aumif;pGm oabmaygufayonf/
tu,f *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif; wpf*dkPf;wnf; jyKvkyfrnfhudpudk q&mMuD;armfwm;u
oabmwlvQif usdvifxefu az;ajymif; towfcH&onfhudpudk arhazsmufvdkufrnf/ q&mMuD;armfwm;u
oabmrwlygu olYtaejzifh &efa<u;jyefqyfrnf[laom oabmyif jzpfonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;udk aocsmpl;pdkufMunhfvkdufjyD; usdvifxefu ar;vkdufonf/
]]q&mMuD;armfwm; ... usKyfajymwJh udpudk b,fvdk oabm&ovJ}}
q&mMuD;armfwm; taejzifh rnfodkY jyefajymEdkifawmhrnfenf;/ olYwGif tjcm;aG;p&mvrf; &Sdawmhacs/ rcHcsd
rcHomjzifh jidrfaevdkuf&awmh\/ qdwfqdwfae 0efcHonfh oabmyifjzpfonf/ usdvifxefu atmifyGJ&oGm;aom
ppfolMuD; wpfa,mufuJhodkY jyHK;vdkufjyD; ...
]]csKHqef;*dkPf; uawmh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;zdkY udpudk uefYuGufp&m r&Sdawmhyg bl;wJh/ xdkufqef;
*dkPf;csKyf aemifMuD; xif;rif&JU oabmxm;udk odyg&apvm;/}}
xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyf xif;rifonf xkdifae&mrS 0kef;ueJ x&yfvdkufjyD; us,favmifaom toHMuD;jzifh ...
]]xdkufqef;*dkPf;[m q&mMuD; ]wHk;vif} vufxufuwnf;u wnfaxmifvmwm tckqkd&if ESpfaygif;
ESpf&mausmfcJhjyD/ 'Dvdk Mum&SnfwnfwHhatmif tqifhqifh vkyfay;cJhwJh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;awG&JU aus;Zl;udk wpfaeYrS
usKyfrarhbl;/ ...
... usKyf&JU tpGrf;tpenf;yg;vdkY xdkufqef;*dkPf;udk wkd;wufatmif rvkyfay;Ekdifayr,fh usKyfvufxJrSm
xdkufqef;*dkPf;udk tysuf rcHEkdifbl;/ ... wu,fvdkY tysufcHvkduf&ifvnf; usKyfavmuf rdkufrJwJhvl 'DavmurSm
&SdawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ acwftqufquf uG,fvGefoGm;cJhwJh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;awGuvnf; wrvGefuae usKyfudk
usdefqJvdkY qkH;awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ ... 'Dvdk yl;aygif;jyD; wpf*dkPf;wnf; jzpfatmif 0g;jrdKr,fhudpu
dk usKyfawmh
vHk;0oabm rwlEdkifbl;}}
wGif xdkufqef;*dkPf;xJrS &aohMuD;wpfyg; x&yfvmjyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;riftm; vSrf;ajymvkdufonf/
]]xif;rif ... rif;taeeJY 'Dvdk ajym&if rSm;rSmaygh/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;rSm *kdPf;om;aygif; av;&mausmf&Sdw,f/
rif;&JU wpfu,
dk faumif;;qefwJh pdwfaMumifh *dkPf;MuD;&JU tusKd;udk xdcdkufvdkY b,fjzpfrvJ}}
xkdpum;ukd ajymvkdufolrSm xif;rif&aohMuD;xufyif 0gpOfMuD;ayao;\/
xdkufqef;*dkPf;xJyif oabmxm;trsKd;rsKd; uGJaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg odkif;orm;rsm;pGmrSm wD;wdk;
wD;wdk; jzpfoGm;avawmhonf/
]]tJ'gu &aohMuD; &dusD;yJ/ olu *dkPf;csKyfxif;rifq&m&JU *dkPf;wlnDaygh/ 'gaMumifh olu *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU
OD;av;awmfpyfw,f}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;\ qefYusifzufpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm rsufESmMuD; eD&Jvmonf
txd a'goxGufvmawmh\/
]]OD;av;&JU pum;u bmoabmvJ/ usKyf*dkPf;csKyf pvkyfwJhtcsdefupjyD; b,fudprqdk *kdPf;&JU tusKd;
aus;Zl;ukd a&S;IvkyfudkifcJhwmcsnf;yJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;zkdYudk usKyfuefYuGufwmuvnf; xdkufqef;*dkPf;
rsKd;jyKwfoGm;rSmpdk;vdkYyJ/ 'Dapwemxuf rGefjrwfwJh apwem &SdOD;rvm;/ ... 'gu usKyfwpfudk,faumif;qefvkdYvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
937
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifonf cufxefpGm qufajymvdkufonf/

]]'DrSm OD;av;/ *dkPf;&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wpfa,muftaeeJY usKyfu wm0ef,l pum;ajymae
wJh tcgrsKd;rSm OD;av;taeeJY wm0efrJhwJh pum;rsKd; 0ifrajymygeJY}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;u wa[;a[; w[m;[m;jzifh cEdk;ceJY &,fum ...
]]rif;ajymwJh pum;awGu bmt"dyg,f&v
Sd dkYvJ/ bmrsm; tjrifus,fvkdYvJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;om yl;aygif;
vdkuf&if b,favmuf tiftm;awmifhwif;oGm;rvJ/ b,favmuf emrnfMuD;oGm;rvJ/ odkif;avmurSm
b,favmuf ta&;pdkufcH&rvJ}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;u oa&mfovdk ajymae&mrS avoHajymif;um ...
]]tJ'Dvdk vkyfvkdufwm tm;vHk;twGuf raumif;bl;vm;/ a[; a[; a[;/ 'gayr,fh wpfckawmh &Sdwmaygh
av/ raumif;wm wpfckawmh &Sdw,f/ tJ'guawmh rif;taeeJY ]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif} vkyfvkdY r&awmhbl;aygh}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ a'gorsm;onf rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm;ES,f
w[kef;[kef; xvmavawmh\/ rsufvHk;rsm;onfvnf; rD;usD;cJrsm;yrm &J&JeDvmjyD; atmf[pfvdkufawmhonf/
]]usKyf *dkPf;csKyfvkyf&wm rvkyf&wmu ta&;r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh xdkufqef;*dkPf;[m usKyfvufxJrSm
ysufpD;oGm;&w,fqkdjyD; ordkif;wGif&pfrSm tjzpfrcHEkdifbl;}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;u ... ]]'gayghuGm ... yg;pyfuawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJ ajym&rSmaygh/ 'DvdkrS rajym&if udk,fhtvGef
jzpfaerSmaygh/ 'gayr,fh wu,fwrf;usawmh *dkPf;csKyfae&mudk rif;tifrwef rufarmwm igodygw,fuGm/
rif;&JU&mxl; olrsm;vufxJ a&mufrSmudk rif;odyfpkd;&drfaewmyg/}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;\ pum;rsm;rSm rlrrSefaMumif; xif&Sm;vmonf/ oabmxm;MuD;[ef? tjrifus,f[efjzifh
ajymaejcif; jzpfaomfvnf; *dkPf;om;csif; pnf;vHk;onfh pum;rsm;udk ajym&rnfhtpm; &efvdkonfhpum;rsm;udk
ajymaeonf/ avoHuvnf; azsmif;zsonfhoabmrsKd;r[kwfyJ rvdkwrm avoHrsKd;aygufaeonf/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm a'goxGuv
f Gef;vSojzifh tom;rsm; wqwfqwfwkefum atmfvdkuf\/
]]OD;av;u usKyfudk wu,fyJ wpfudk,faumif; pdwf&SdwJhvlvdkY xifaevdkYvm;}}
ajymajymqkdqdkjzifh olu &ifywfwGif;rS rnf;eufaeaom "m;wkdav; wpfacsmif;udk qGJxkwfvdkufum ...
]]aumif;jyD/ usKyf 'DaeYupjyD; *dkPf;csKyfrvkyfawmhbl;/ cifAsm;vkyfcsif&if oGm;vkyf}}
&ifywfwGif;rS *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifu qGJxkwfvdkufaom "m;wkdav;rSm omrn"m;wdkav; r[kwfacs/
xkdufqef;*dkPf;udk pwifwnfaxmifcJhonfh ]q&mMuD; wHk;vif} \ vufusefypnf; jzpfayonf/ acwftquf
qufu xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufvmcJhMu&m ,ckqkdvQif "m;wdkav;onf xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;\ trSwftom;
jzpfaeacsjyD/
&aohMuD;&dusD;u ceJYjyHK;jyHK; ar;vdkuf\/ olYtjyHK;wGif aumufuspfpOf;vJrI tjynfhygaeaMumif; vltawmf
rsm;rsm; owdjyKvdkufrd\/
]]rif;u tJ'D ordkif;0if *dkPf;csKyf trSwftom; ypnf;udk wu,fay;&JvkdYvm;}}
]]bmjzpfvkdY ray;&J&rSmvJ}}
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm toHrsm;yif jymaeacsjyD/
&aohMuD; &dusD;rSm a&iwfwkef; a&wGif;xJusoGm;onfh[efjzifh cyfajymifajymifyif ajymvkdufonf/
]]'Dvkdqkd&if ay;ayawmh}}
ajym&if;qd&k if;rS *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ vufxJrS "m;wdkav;udk vk,lvdkufawmh\/
&aohMuD; &dusD;u wu,f,lrnf rxifxm;ojzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifrSm tidkufrdoGm;awmh\/
olYvufxJrS *dkPf;csKyftrSwftom; "m;wdkav;rSm ygoGm;awmhonf/ olu cg;rS"m;&Snfudk kwfw&uf qGJxkwf
vdkuf\/
&aohMuD; &dusD;rSm yg;eyfolwpfa,mufjzpf&um; olYvufxJodkY "m;wkdav; a&mufoGm;onfESifh aemufzufodkY
qkwfoGm;vkdufonf/ csufcsif;vkdvdkyif vlESpfa,mufu olYa&SU um&yfvkduf\/ olwdkYu *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
xif;rifudk wm;qD;vdkufjyD; rmausmpGmjzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
938
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]xif;rif ... rif;[m b,fvkdvlpm;rsKd;vJ/ *dkPf;csKyfrS jzpfxdkuf&JUvm;/ udk,fhxuf toufa&m? 0ga&m

MuD;wJh vludk apmfum;&Jw,faygh/ igwkdY*kdPf;&JU pnf;urf;udk arhoGm;jyDvm;/ ... *dkPf;pnf;urf;xJrSm bmygovJ}}
rD;awmufrwwf rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif Munfhvkdufaomtcg olYtm; pnf;urf;ESifh udkifayguf
aeolrsm;rSm ol\ *dkPf;wlOD;av;rsm; jzpfMuaom &dqef;ESifh &d&if;wkdY jzpfaMumif;awGU&\/
]]OD;av;wkYd rsufjrifyJ/ &dusD;u usKyfqDu bmudkvkoGm;ovJqkdwm/ 'gudk usKyfu bmxyf&Sif;jy ae&OD;rSm
vJ}}
&d&if;u jyHK;vdkufjyD; ...
]]at;av/ igwkdY jrifom;yJ/ bmjzpfovJ/ rif;u *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk &dusD;udk vTJajymif;ay;vdkufw,f/
&dusD;u vufcHvdkufw,f/ tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}}
&dqef;u0if ...
]]&dusD;u rif;&JU OD;av;vnf; jzpfw,f/ tckqdk&if *dkPf;csKyfMuD; &dusD;jzpfoGm;jyD/ 'gudkrif;u &efrlzdkY
MudK;pm;aew,f/ udk,fh&JU 0gpOfMuD;yk*dKvfudk apmfum;wm[m ao;ao;zGJzGJ tjypfr[kwfbl;/ tifrwef MuD;av;wJh
tjypfMuD;uG}}
aumufuspf,kwfrmaom yl;aygif;MuHpnfrI EGHtwGif;0,f epfjrKyfoGm;jyD jzpfaMumif; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif
odvdkuf&onf/ odkYaomf aemufusoGm;avjyD/ olu a'gojzifh atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]usKyf a'goxGufvYdk ajymvdkufwmyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;ae&mqdkwm b,favmuf ta&;MuD;w,f rSwfovJ/
'Davmufta&;MuD;wJh *dkPf;csKyfae&mudk vG,fvG,fuav;eJY vTJajymif;ay;vdkY jzpfEkdifrwJhvm;/ ay;r,fqkd&ifawmif
&dusD;udk ray;Edkifbl;/ olYxuf oifhavsmfwJhvlawG *dkPf;xJrSm trsm;MuD; &SdaewmyJ}}
xdktcdkuftwefYtwGi;f rSmyif xkdufqef;*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufu xatmfvdkufonf/
]]cifAsm;wdkY b,fvdkvlawGvJ/ &Sif;aewJhudpudk Iyfatmif bmjzpfvkdYvkyfaewmvJ/ xdkufqef;*kdPf;&JU
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;[m q&mMuD;xif;rifyJ/ 'gudk cifAsm;wdkYu bmjzpfvdkY oJMuD;rJMuD; aESmifh,Sufae&wmvJ}}
xatmfvkdufolrSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif\ wynfhwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ xkdtcdkufrSmyif aemufxyf
vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&jyef\/
]]bmawG ajymaewmvJ/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifu *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk usKyfq&m&dusD;udk w&m;0if
vTJajymif;ay;vkdufwm vlwkdif; tjriftMum;yJ/ ... tckqkd&if xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyf trSwftom;[m &aohMuD;
&dusD;&JU vufxJrSm a&mufaejyD/ b,folu bmajymcsifovJ}}
xkdtcg &aohMuD;&dusD;\ wynfhwyef;rsm;u uRufuRufnHatmif atmf[pfaxmufcH Muavawmh\/
tajctae rvSaMumif;udk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif odvdkufavjyD/ xkdufqef;*dkPf;rSm oyftvQKdcHxm;&jyD;
jzpfaMumif;udk ,ckrS odvdkuf&onf/
xkdufqef;*dkPf;om; ESpfcefY a&mufvmonfhteuf vlaygif;wpf&mausmfrSm &dusD;wdkYzufrS jzpfaeojzifh
tiftm;t& *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif IH;edrfhcJh&acsjyD/
tajctaeudk apmifhMunhfaeaom vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm em;vnfvdkufrdonf/ um; usdvifxef\
MudKwifjyifqif xm;csufrsm;omwnf;/
usdvifxefonf vGefpGm aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpfacs\/ &aohMuD; &dusD;ESifh
wifMudK vuf0g;csif; dkufxm;[ef&Sdonf/ ,cktajctaewGif *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif\ a'goMuD;wwfaom
aysmhuGufudk eif;um 0dkif;tusyfudkif aeMuayjyD/
olYq&m &ufykcRefudk vifh[lcsKH; vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ &ufykcRefum; rwkefrvIyf ausmufkyfMuD;ES,f
jidrfoufaeonf/ wpfcGef;rQ 0ifajymrnfhyHk ray:acs/ ,ckjzpfysufaeonfhudprSm w&m;onf rw&m;onf
tyxm;? olESifh vHk;0 roufqdkif[k oabmxm;aeyHk&onf/
vifh[lcsKH; pdwfxJrS ...
]]rsufjriftajctaet& &dusD;wkdY rw&m; vkyfaewmu xif&Sm;aewmyJ/ ighq&m[m ]opm&Sif"g;} vdkY
emrnf&xm;wJhvl/ 'Dvdk rawmfrw&m; vkyfaewmrsKd;udkawmh q&mu b,fenf;eJYrS oabmwlrSm r[kwfbl; ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
939
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
'gayr,fh q&mu avmavmq,f tajctae b,fvdkajymif;oGm;rvJudk apmifhMunfhjyD; 0ifrpGuw

f m jzpf&r,f/
... igvnf; q&mh t&dyftuJ MunfhjyD; rD;pifMunfh u&awmhrSmyJ}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;u olYvufxJrS "m;wdkudk a0SU,rf;jyjyD; tcsufay;vdkuf&m olYvlrsm;u csufcsif;yif
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ bufawmfom; ig;q,fcefYudk 0dkif;xm;vdkufMuawmh\/
opmrJh*dkPf;om; wpf&mhig;q,ftm; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifu rJhjyHK;jyHK;&if; MunhfvdkufjyD;rS ol\opm&Sd
*dkPf;om; ig;q,fzufodkY vSnfhvdkufonf/ olY"m;udkajrmufum rdk;jcdrf;oHuJhodkY atmf[pf aMuG;aMumfvkdufawmh\/
]]xkdufqef;*dkPf;&JU opm&SdwJh *dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk; 'DaeY 'Dae&mrSm avScGufcsnf;usef tvHrvJSyJeJY touf
pGefYjyD; wdkufr,fa[h}}
olYwynfhrsm;uvnf; &J&Jawmuf atmf[pfMuawmh\/ opm&Sdwynfhrsm;ygay/
]]wkdufr,f .. wkdufr,f .. tm;vHk;wkdufr,f/ .. toufpGefYjyD; wkdufr,f/ b,fawmhrS 'l;raxmufbl;uG}}
xkdtcg &dusD;wdkYzufrS tcufawGUoGm;awmh\/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ odkif;ynmrSm ao;vSonf
r[kwfacs/ olYvlig;q,fausmfu rcHcsifpdwfjzifh usm;ukwfusm;cJ wkdufcdkufygu rdrdwdkY txdemayvdrfhrnf/
tjcm;taMumif;wpfckvnf; &Sdaeayao;\/ wu,fwrf; wkdufckdufMuygu a&Smifvif q&mawmfMuD;ESifh
[lwef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;wkdYu vufydkufMunfhaernf[k arQmfvifhr&acs/ 0ifa&muf zsefajzay;rnfrSm rkcsqwfqwf
jzpfonf/ vltrsm;u vlenf;pkudk rw&m; wkdufcdkuf&jcif;rSmvnf; odkif;avmuwGif tjrifrawmf qifawmfESifh
cavmuf qdkouJhodkY jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf/
xkdpOf vlwpfa,mufu kwfw&uf xvmjyD; ...
]]rif;wkdYtm;vHk; bmjzpfvdkY tjiif;yGm;ae&wmvJ/ igu uwdopmr&SdwJhvlqdk&if t&rf;rkef;w,fuG/ vHk;0
Munfhr&bl;}}
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; dkif;dkif;pkdif;pkdif; xajymvkdufjcif;jzpf vlwkdif;u olYudk0kdif;MunfhMu\/ tdk;a*gif*if ...
ydefydef&Snf&Snf rsufaygufusOf;usOf;ESifh tMunfh& tvGefqkd;aom vlwpfa,muf jzpf\/ rnfolrnf0grSef;awmh
wyftyfaocsm rodMuacs/ xkdvlonf ajym&if;jzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif &Sd&modkY avQmufvmawmh\/
avoHt& xdkvlonf *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifbufodkY vkdufawmhra,mifxif&\/ odkYaomf *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
xif;rif tem;odkY a&mufaomtcg kwfw&ufavoH ajymif;oGm;jyD;
]]rif;[m b,fvdkvlpm;vJuG/ odkif;orm;qkdwm uwdwnf&w,f/ rif;u omref okdif;orm;awmif
r[kwfbl;/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif vkyfaewm/ pum;ajym&if uwdwnfrSaygh/ apmapmwkef;uyJ
*dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk &dusD;vufxJ vTJay;vkdufjyD ajymw,f/ tckawmh r[kwfawmhjyefbl;vkdY jiif;w,f}}
]]... 'g[m xdyfoD; okdif;orm;wpfa,muf&JU pum;vm;/ a,mufsm;wpfa,muf&JU pum;vm;/ 'Dvkd
uwdrwnfwmrsKd;uawmh tifrwef rkef;p&maumif;w,f}}
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm a'goxGujf yD;&if; xGufae&awmh\/
]]a[h .. bmjzpfvdkY rif;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU udpxJudk 0ifIyf&wmvJ/ rif;eJY rqkdifbl;/ ab;z,faeprf;}}
]]aumif;ygjyD/ ig0ifrpGufawmhygbl;}}
xkdvlonf trsm;tHhMo& avmufatmifyif vG,fulpGm acgif;ndwfjyvdkufjyD; vSnfhxGuf oGm;ra,mif
jyKvdkufonf/ jyD;awmhrS kwfjcnf;udk,fudk vSnfhvkdufum *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifudk wkdufcdkufawmhonf/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm tidkufrdoGm;&jyefonf/ bmrqdkif nmrqdkifvlu olYtm; rQtxd usL;vGef
apmfum;rnf[k rxifxm;rdjcif;vnf;ygayonf/ odkYjzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifrSm zrf;tcsKyfcH vkduf&awmh
onf/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ wynfhrsm; owd0ifvmcsdefwGif aemufusoGm;avjyD/ olwdkY\q&mrSm &efolY
vufxJ tcsKyfcHae&acsjyD/ tm;vHk; rvIyf&Sm;&Jawmhacs/
xdkvlu w[m;[m; &,fvkdufum ...
]]uJ ... bmwwfEkdifao;vJ/ rif;wkdYvufxJu "g;awGtm;vHk; vTwfcsvdkufMuprf;/ ighpum;udk
em;raxmif&if rif;wkdYq&m&JU vnfyif;udk csKd;ypfvkdufr,f/ .. vTwcf sMuav/ bm&yfaewmvJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
940
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajymajymqkdqkdjzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif\ qHxHk;udk xkdvlu qkyfudkifvdkufonf/ olYpum;twkdif; remcHvQif

vufawGU vkyfjyrnf[k jcdrf;ajcmufvkduf jcif;aywnf;/ tikdufzrf;jyD; taMumydwfcHvkduf&ojzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
xif;rifrSm rnfodkYrQ rwwfEkdif&SmyJ jzpfae&\/
xkdtcdkufrSmyif *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rifu a0ghueJ aoG;rsm; xkd;tefvdkufavonf/ tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;
aom zrf;csKyfxm;olonf vufudk avQmhay;vkdufrdpOfrSmyif *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif\ cEmudk,fonf &dyfueJ
vnfvmawmh\/
ol\ vufESpfzufonf ajrmufwufvmjyD; olYtm; zrf;csKyfxm;ol\vnfyif;udk zrf;qkyfum vnfyif;dk;udk
cRwfueJ csKd;csvdkufavawmh\/ vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; xdkolrSm rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymEkdifyJ aoqHk;oGm;awmh
onf/
xdkvltm; qGJudkifajrmufvdkufjyD; ta0;okdY *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifu vTifhypfvkdufaomtcg tkyfozG,f
vGifhxGufoGm;jyD; ajrMuD;ay:odkY usoGm;avawmhonf/ vHk;0 toufr&SdawmhonfrSm xif&Sm;onf/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifonf cEmudk,fudk jznf;nif;pGm vSnfhvkdufjyD; &aohMuD; &dusD;udk rD;xGufrwwf
rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh Munhfkvdkufum oludk,fwdkifvnf; pl;pl;0g;0g; wpfcsufatmf[pfvsuf vJusoGm;awmh\/
olonfvnf; toufaysmufoGm;acsjyD/
tjzpfrSeu
f m; okdif;orm;xk tv,fwGif zrf;cskKyfjcif; cHvkduf&ojzifh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifonf tvGefw&m
&SufoGm;onf/ a'govnf; tvGefw&m xGufaeonf/ toufxuf t&Sufa'gou MuD;oGm;ojzifh ydwfaeonfh
taMumrsm;udk twGif;tm;jzifh jzwfawmufvkdufjyD; tqHk;pGefaom tm;udkxkwfvsuf &efoltm; vnfwkdif
csKd;ypfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ oludk,fwkdifvnf; taMumrsm; jywfoGm;ojzifh toufr&SifEdkifawmhay/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ wynfhrsm;u ]q&m} [k atmf&if; ajy;vmMuonf/ olwkdY ayGU,lvdkufaom
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifrSm toufr&SdawmhaMumif; awGU&aomtcg tm;vHk;yif csKH;yGJcs idkvdkufawmh\/
a>rESifh eus,faumifyrmwnf;/ wpfcgu eus,faumifwpfaumifonf a>r\ rsufvHk;rsm;tMum;udk 0if
udkufcJcJhonf/ xkdeus,faumifudk a>ronf xGufajy;ap&ef rnfodkYrQ rwwfEkdifyJ jzpfaeaomtcg wpfckaom
vSnf;vrf;rrS jzwfoef;vmaom vSnf;bD;atmufodkY rdrdacgif;udk xdk;xnfhvdkufjyD; eus,faumifudk
vufpm;acs&if; rdrd\ toufudkyg tqHk;IH;cH vku
d favawmh\/
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifonf vufpm;acs&eftwGuf rdrd\ toufudk pGefYvTwfcJhacsjyDwum;/
xkdpOf vltkyfxJrS vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]*kdPf;csKyf usdvifxef .. cifAsm;[m tawmfuav; &ufpufygvm;/ ta&SUyifv,fu bDvl;MuD;udk
ac:jyD;awmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rifeJY &ifqdkifcdkif;wmuawmh tawmfuav; vGefw,fxifw,f/ ... cifAsm;u
tm;vHk; tuGufdkufxm;wmudk;}}
xkdpum;udk ajymvkdufolrSmum; 0ufom;aygif;a&mif;aom odkif;q&mMuD; ][dkqef;} jzpfav\/ olonfum;
vlxl;vlqef; odik f;q&mMuD; wpfOD;jzpf&m oloabmrusvQif rusovdk ajymwwfol jzpfonf/
vlwkdif;vlwkdif;onf ta&SUyifv,fu bDvl;MuD;[laom emrnfudk Mum;vdkufaomtcg wkefvIyfoGm;Muawmh
\/
apmapmu tdk;a*gif*if? ydefydef&Snf&Snf rsufayguf usOf;usOf;ESifh vludk rodMuaomfvnf; emrnfudk
Mum;vkduf&aomtcg ol\ ausmfMum;rIudk aumif;pGm odvdkufMuonf/ ta&SUyifv,fu bDvl;MuD;qkdonfrSm
tvGefw&m &ufpuf,kwfrmovdk aumufuspfolvnf; jzpfonf/ vk,ufwkdufcdkufwwfkHru toufudkvnf;
owfjzwfonf/ awmfwnfhajzmifhrSefol r[kwf? qkd;0g;npfnrf;ol jzpfonf/
uav;oli,frsm;utp aumif;pGm odMuonf/ rdbrsm;onf tidkwdwf&ef acsmharmh r&onfhtqHk;
uav;rsm;udk ta&SUyifv,fu bDvl;MuD;vmjyD[k ajcmufvSefYMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onfvnf; emrnfudk
aumif;pGm Mum;zl;jyD; jzpfonf/ vdefvdefi,fpOfwkef;u tidkrwdwfvQif olYq&mr zl;vifonfyif xkdemrnfudk
oHk; tidkwdwfatmif ajcmufvSefYcJhzl;ay\/
vdefvdefYtaMumif; pOf;pm;rdojzifh vdefvdefYtm; vSrf;Munhfkvdkufonf/ vdefvdefonf aumif;qef;awmifxdyf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
941
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wGif pdwf&Sd[efrwl/ ta0;&Sd awmifwef;MuD;rsm;udk ai;armMunfhae&Smonf/ olr\ rsufESmav;wGif aysmfTif

vef;qef;rI[l vHk;0r&Sd/ Id;i,f EGrf;vsae&Smonf/
]]nDrav;[m owdkYorD; topfuav;yJ/ vifrdefusufuvnf; olYcspfolyJ/ olwdkY vufxyfjyD;jyDq&dk if
olwkdYavmuf 0rf;omwJhvl b,frSm&SdawmhrvJ/ ... udk,fcspfwJholeJY vufxyf&wmavmuf 0rf;omp&m
aumif;wmrsKd; b,frSm &SdrvJ}}
vdefvdef&Sd&modkY xyfrHvSrf;Munfhvkdufaom tcgwGifvnf; ta0;odkY ai;armaeaom vdefvdefYudkom
vifh[lcsKH; xyfawGUvdkuf&jyef\/
]]nDrav; tckavmuf ai;rIdifaeyHkaxmuf&if bmrsm; pdwfaomu a&mufaevJ rodbl;/ olwkdY
vifr,m;ESpfa,muf pdwfaumuf pum;rsm; xm;vdkYyJ jzpf&r,f}}
awG;ae&mrS vifrdefusuftm; vSrf;Munfhvkdufrdjyefonf/ vifrdefusufonf vdefvdefYab;wGif &yfvsuf&Sd\/
olYrsufESmwGif tvGefw&m xl;qef;aom trlt&mrsm; ay:ae\/
jyHK;um;jyHK;\/ odkYaomf jyHK;onfvnf; r[kwf/
pdwfqdk;aeyHv
k nf; ay:\/ odkYaomf pdwq
f dk;onfvnf; r[kwf/
rnfodkY okyfcGJ&rnfudk vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf rodEkdifyJ jzpfaeawmh\/ uJhodkYaom trlt&mrsKd;udk
wpfae&m&mwGif olawGUzl;ouJhodkY owd&vdkuf\/
]]'Dvkd trlt&mrsKd;udk igawGUzl;ygw,f/ b,fae&mrSm ygvdrfh}}
vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh tjyif;txef pOf;pm;aomfvnf; r&EkdifyJ jzpfaeawmhonf/
]]aemifMuD; &dusD; ... cifAsm;[m tcktcsdefrSm xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfoGm;ygjyD/ cifAsm;udk MudKqkd&if;eJY
cifAsm;twGuf usKyfu *kPf,l0rf;ajrmufaMumif; ajymvkdygw,f/ uJ ... aemifMuD;taeeJY tck*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;
yl;aygif;wJh udpudk b,fvdk oabm&ygovJ/ aemifMuD;&JU pdwfoabmxm;udk yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymyg/
tm;vHk;&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfoGm;wmaygh}}
usdvifxef\ tuGufjrif yg;eyfrIudk tm;vHk;owdjyKrdvkduf\/ ta&SUyifv,f bDvl;MuD; taMumif;udk
usdvifxefonf wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ r[awmh/ pum;vrf;aMumif; ajymif;vkdufjcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyf trSwftom; "m;wdkav;udk &aohMuD; &dusD;u udkifajrmuf ...
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;wJh udp[m tm;vHk;udk tusKd;&SdapwJh udpyJ/ tiftm;awmifhwif;cdkifrmatmif
jyKvkyfwJh udpyJ/ bmjzpfvdkY oabmrwl&rSmvJ/ usKyftaeeJY vHk;0oabmwlw,f/ usKyfeJY xkdufqef;*dkPf;[m
q&mMuD;&JU OD;aqmifrIaemufudk vdkufr,fvkdY uwdjyKygw,f}}
tm;vHk;uvnf; odkYyif arQmfvifhxm;Muonf/ arQmfvifhxm;onfhtwdkif; Mum;&aomtcg &aohMuD;
&dusD;ESifh usdvifxefwdkY vuf0g;csif; dkufxm;MuaMumif; aocsmoGm;avawmhonf/
*kdPf;csKyfMuD; xif;rif\ wynfhrsm;rSm olwdkY\ q&mr&Sd/ acgif;aqmifrnfholvnf; r&SdawmhyJ jzpfae&m
&aohMuD; &dusD;\ pum;udk ruefYuGufEkdifawmhyJ jidrfoufom aeMu&awmh\/
usdvifxefu qufvuf ...
]]tm;vHk; rsufjrifrSm xdkufqef;*dkPf;eJY csKHqef;*dkPf;u yl;aygif;zkdY oabmwlnDvdkufygjyD/ tajctaeudk
Munfhjcif;tm;jzihfvnf; tm;vHk;u yl;aygif;csifaeaMumif; ay:vGifaeygw,f/ ... tJonfvdk yl;aygif;jcif;uvnf;
tm;vHk;twGuf tusKd;&SdzkdYqkdawmh usKyfwkdY aumif;qef;*dkPf;uvnf; tm;vHk;&JU oabmudk vdkufavsm&awmh
rSmaygh/}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxJrS &,faerdawmh\/ usdvifxef\ tajymygyHkudk oabmus jzpfonf/
]]usdvifxef ... usdvifxef ... cifAsm;[m tMuHMuD;oavmuf OmPfeDOmPfeufrsm;w,f/ tajymtqkdvnf;
yg;eyfw,f/ 'DtpDtpOfudk cifAsm;u pvkyfwmyJ/ tckusawmh olrsm;awGu vkyfMuvdkY cifAsm;u aemufu
vdkuf&wJhoabmrsKd; a&mufatmif ajymw,f/ tawmfudk &,fp&m aumif;wmyJ}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
942
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;xJrSmoHk; *dkPf;u oabmwlaeygjyD/ usefwJh 0gqef;*dkPf;eJY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU oabmu

b,fvkdrsm; &SdrvJ rodbl;/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef &Sdwkef;uawmh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;zkdY
udpudk oHk; av;Mudrfavmuf aqG;aEG;wdkifyifzl;ygw,f/ ... trsm;aumif;usKd;qdkawmhvnf; q&mrMuD;u
odyfoabmwlygw,f}}
tawmfyif uvdrfuvuf ajymwwfaom usdvifxefyguvm;/ toufxif&Sm; r&SdawmjyD jzpfaom
wifh&Sefq&mrMuD;u oabmwlonf[k ajAmifvdrfaeacsjyD/ xkdtcg [efqef;*kdPf;rS rdef;uav; wpfa,mufu
...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxef ... &Sifajymwm rSm;aejyD/ *dkPf;csKyf q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY usefwJhq&mrMuD;
wifhusifha&m? wifh&Dyg 'Dyl;aygif;wJh udpudk b,fwkef;urS oabmrwlcJhygbl;/ olwdkYtm;vHk; aoqHk;oGm;&wmvJ
tJonfvdk oabmrwlwJh twGufaMumifhygyJ}}
pum;tqHk;wGif y&dwfowftm;vHk; kwfkwfoJoJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
xdkpum;udk xajymvkdufolrSm usufyef;jzpfonf/ olronf aumif;qef;*dkPf;udk emusnf;aeol wpfa,muf
jzpfayonf/
xkdpOf xl;qef;aom toHwpfoHu ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxef ... cifAsm;ajymwm enf;enf; vGJaew,f/ trSefawmh 'DudpeJY ywfoufjyD;
q&mrMuD; wifh&SefeJY usKyf aumif;aumif; wkdifyif aqG;aEG;zl;ygw,f/ q&mrMuD;uawmh cyf&Sif;&Sif;ygyJ/ ...
cifAsm;udkyJ *dkPf;MuD;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tjzpf aG;aumuf wifajrmufcsifowJh}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aom usdvifxefrSm twkdif;rod 0rf;omoGm;rdawmh\/ rdrdzmom tqdkwif?
rdrdzmom acsy? rdrdzmom axmufcHae&ojzifh tjrifraumif;vSyJ jzpfae&m xkdvl\ pum;rsm;rSm olYtwGuf
ysm;oumuJhodkY csKdjrdefvSawmhonf/ xdkpum;ajymoludk Munfhvkdufaomtcg kyf&nf xl;xl;qef;qef;ESifh
vlpdrf;wpfa,muf jzpfae\/ rnfolrSef; olrodacs/
olwpfa,mufwnf; r[kwfyJ ab;ywfvnfwGifvnf; &,fp&m aumif;aom vlxl;vlqef; aemufxyf
ig;a,muf &yfaeao;onf/ xdkolrsm; tm;vH;k udk usdvifxeftaejzifh roday/
xdkolrsm;um; tjcm;r[kwf/ IyfIyfayGayG xll;xl;qef;qef;vkyfwwfonfh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYomwnf;/
usdvifxef\ pdwfxJrS tvGefoabmusoGm;onf/ rdrdqifxm;onfh tuGufudk csKd;ay;rnfh vlrsm;
ay:vmjyD[k 0rf;omoGm;aomfvnf; rsufESmwGifrl 0rf;omrI wpdk;wpdrQ razmfjyay/
]]aemifMuD;&JU emrnfudk rod&bl;vm;/ q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu tJonf pum;rsKd; ajymcJhwmawmh rSefygw,f/
'gayr,fh 'Dae&m 'DtcsdefrsKd;rSm q&mrMuD;&JU pum;twkdif; usKyfu wkdufkdufMuD;ajymcsvkdY b,foifhavsmfrvJ/
'gudk aemifMuD;wkdY tm;vHk;vJ em;vnfygvdrhfr,f/ ... q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef&Sdwkef;uqkd&ifawmh usKyfu olajymwJh
twkdif; aqmifGufzkdY cufaewmayghav/ usKyftaeeJY ,SOf&if trsm;MuD; uGmjcm;aeao;w,f r[kwfvm;}}
xl;xl;qef;qef; toHjzifh usdvifxefukd ajrmufyifhajymMum;vkdufolrSm axmifuef;jzpfonf/ axmifuef;
onf ajE&&jzifh acsmif;[efYvdkufonf/
]]usKyfemrnfudk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u odcsifvkdYvm;/ 'gqkd&ifawmh ajymjy&rSmayghav/ usKyfu ]axmifuef;} wJh/
olwkdY ig;a,mufuawmh usKyf&JU nDtpfudkawGygyJ}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]aMomf? aMomf? vufpowfawmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufqdkwmudk;/ vlrjrifzl;ayr,fh emrnfawmh Mum;zl;jyD;
om;yg/ cifAsm;wkdYudk *kPfjyKygw,fAsm/ *kPfjyKygw,f}}
usdvifxefonf ]*kPfjyKygw,f}
qdkaom pum;udk wGifwGif ajymaeaomfvnf; rnfonfht&mudk
*kPfjyKaerSef; rodacs/ axmifuef;u topfzGJYpnf;rnfh *dkPf;MuD;wGif olYtm; *dkPf;csKyftjzifh wifoihfaMumif;
ajymvkduf pum;udk wGifwGifajymaeonfvm; rodEkdifay/
axmifusufu 0ifBuJawmh\/
]]cifAsm;u bmawG ]*kPfjyKaewmvJ} ... usKyfwkdYuawmh bmrS em;rvnfbl;/ cifAsm;ajymaewmu usKyfwkdY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
943
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkif;ynm awmfwmudkvm;/ 'grSr[kwf OmPfynm xufjrufwmudkvm;/ &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ajymrSaygh}}

vlyg;vleyfjzpfaom usdvifxefonf axmifusuf\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&onfwGif tajctaeudk aumif;pGm
tuJcwfrdoGm;awmh\/ pdwfxJrS ...
]]vufpowfawmh 'D ajcmufa,mufu vlaumif;awGrS r[kwfyJ/ vlaygawGudk;}}
tajctaet& ajcmufa,mufudk ajrmufyifh qufqH&rnf jzpfaMumif; usdvifxefu aumif;aumif;MuD;
odae\/
xdkYaMumifh usdvifxefu jyHK;&Tifaom rsufESmxm;jzifh ]]cifAsm;wkdY tHhzG,f ajcmufa,mufu omrnvlawGrS
r[kwfwmyJ/ vufkH;&nfa&m? ESvHk;&nfa&m tifrwef jynfh0wJh vlawGyJ/ 'Dawmh ESpfrsKd;pvHk;twGuf usKyfu
*kPfjyKwmygAsm}}
axmifuef; ... ]]usKyfwkdY&JU odkif;ynmuawmh rjzpfpavmufav;yg/ 'Dawmh usKyfwkdY wpfa,mufcsif;
wkdufr,fqdk&ifawmh cifAsm;udk b,fvdkrS rEkdidEdkifygbll;/ 'gayr,fh 6 a,mufpvHk; 0dkif;wdkufr,fqkd&ifawmh
Edkifvdrfhr,f}}
axmif0g; ... ]]'Dvkd ajymvkdufvdkY odyfawmh b0ifjrifh roGm;eJYAsKdU/ Pf&nfrSmawmh usKyfwkdYu cifAsm;xuf
trsm;MuD;omw,f/ b,fvkdrS ,SOfvkdY r&bl;}}
usdvifxefrSm rsufarSmifukwfvmawmhonf/ odkYaomfvnf; yg;pyfurl tvdkufoifh tvsm;oifh ajymvdkuf&
onf/
]]aMomf .. [kwv
f m;}}
axmif0g;u ...
]]odyf[kwfwmaygh/ [dk;wpfaeYwkef;u q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu tJ'DvdkyJ ajymwm/ q&mrMuD;u r[kwfrrSefwJh
pum;udk b,fawmhrS rajymbl;}}
axmif&ufu ...
]]q&mrMuD; wifh&Sef? wifhusefeJY wifh&DwkdYu bk&m;ausmif;rSm tysif;ajy xkdifjyD; pum;ajymaeMu&if;eJY
*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;wJh taMumif; a&mufvmw,f/}}
*kdPf;csKyfopf &mxl;ESifh ywfouf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYxHrS olYtwGuf aumif;rGefaom pum;udk
a&S;OD;pGm Mum;cJh&jyD; jzpfaom usdvifxefu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh axmufay;vdkufonf/
]][kwfvm; ... q&mrMuD;awGu bmtaMumif;awGrsm; ajymMuygvdrfh}}
axmif&ufu olYpum;udk jyefqufonf/
]][m ... ajymwmaygh/ q&mrMuD; wifh&Du ajymw,f/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;jyD; awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;
MuD;udk wnfaxmifr,fqdk&if aumif;qef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefudk *kdPf;csKyfMuD;tjzpf aG;aumuf
wifajrmufoifw
h ,fvkdY ajymw,f}}
usdvifxef\ rsufESm jyHK;TifoGm;onf/ tcsKd&Sm oumawGUaeacsjyD/
]]'guawmh usKyfudk q&mrMuD; wifh&Du oufouf txifMuD;wmyg/}}
axmifuef;u 0if ...
]]odyfvnf; 0rf;omraeeJYOD;/ wifhusifh r,foDv&ifMuD;u ajymjyefw,f/ ]odkif;avmurSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;
csKyfMuD;[m vlawmf wpfa,mufygyJ ... 'gayr,fh olu oabmxm; ao;odrfw,f/ wpfudk,faumif;pdwf
odyfMuD;w,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY olYudkom *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU *kdPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk ay;vkduf&ifawmh igwdkY*dkPf;u
rdef;uav;awG trsm;MuD; 'kua&mufawmhrSmyJ} wJh/}}
usdvifxef\ rsufESmMuD;rSm csufcsif;yif rnf;ueJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ vlaygrsm;onf rdrdtm;
b,ftxd 'kuay;OD;rnf rod/
axmif&Srf;u ... ]]q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu ajymvdkufao;w,f/ bufrvdkufyJ trSeftwkdif; ajym&&ifawmh
*kdPf;csKyfMuD; ae&mtwGuf tifrwef oifhavsmfwJh vlpGrf;aumif;ajcmufa,muf &Sdw,f/ olwkdYawG[m odkif;ynm
awmfkHwifqdk&if olYtaeeJY rajymbl;wJh/ OmPftajrmftjrifvJ &Sdw,f/ ... awmifig;vHk; *kdPf;csKyfMuD;ae&mudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
944
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdufxdkufwefwef vkyfEdkifwJh vlawGwJh}}

usdvifxefu ceJYjyHK;jyHK;vkdufjyD; ...
]]bm ... vlpGrf;aumif;ajcmufa,muf ... [kwfvm; ... b,fuajcmufa,mufvJ}}
axmif0g;u ... ]][m ... *kdPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxef awG;awm&wm odyfyifyef;oGm;jyDeJYwlw,f/ wpfjcm;
vlawG r[kwf&ygbl;Asm/ vlpGrf;aumif;ajcmufa,mufqkdwm usKyfwdkY nDtpfudkajcmufa,mufudk ajymwmyg}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg awmifxdyf&Sd odkif;y&dowf tm;vHk;vdkvdku ]0g;} ueJ &,fvdkufrdMu
awmh\/ vlrsm;xJwGif tawmfrsm;rsm;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk rodMuacs/ odkYaomf olwkdY nDtpfudk
ajcmufa,muf\ rif;om;ysuf kyf&nfrsKd;jzifh pum;rsKd;udk ajymvkdufaomtcg tm;vHk; r&,fyJ raeEkdifMu
awmhacs/
axmifusufu ... ]]cifAsm;wkdY odyf&,fraeMueJY/ olajymwm trSefawGcsnf;yJ/ q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu
awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;MuD;rSm 'DvlpGrf;aumif;ajcmufa,mufudk *dkPf;csKyftjzpf cefYoifhw,fvdkYvJ ajymvkdufa&m
q&mrMuD; wifh&Du vufckyfvuf0g;wD;jyD; csufcsif;oabmwlwmyJ/ ... b,foabmrwlyJ &SdyghrvJAsm/ olwkdYu
vl&nfvluJukd odyfodwwfwJh q&mrMuD;awG r[kwfvm;}}
em;axmifaeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxJrS usdwf&,faerdawmh\/ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ pum;rsm;onf
tvGefyif twkdiftazmuf nDaeonf/ ,cifh,cif tcsdefrsm;uJhodkY wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; uyfoyf jiif;aeMujcif;
r[kwfacs/ twkdiftazmuf nDnDjzifh pum;ppfxkd;aeMujcif; jzpfayonf/
rnfonfh tMuHtpnfjzifh odkY jyKvkyfaeMuygoenf;/
usdvifxeftm; aESmifh,Suf&efrw
S yg; tjcm; r&SdEkdifacs/
usdvifxefonf aoqHk;oGm;jyDjzpfaom vlu ajymcJhonf[kqkdum olajymvdkaom pum;rsm;udk tcdkiftrm
vkyf&ef MudK;pm;cJh&m ,ckawmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ xdk;ESufrIaMumifh olYtMuHtpnf a&pkefarsm&acsjyD/
rnfokdY vkyf&rnfudk usdvifxefwpfa,muf pOf;pm;r&atmif jzpfaeawmhonf/
aumif;qef;awmifxdyfodkY ,aeY a&mufvmolrsm;xJwGif trsm;pku usdvifxef\ tBuHudk od&dS &dyfrdMu\/
rvdrfhwywfjzifh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;&eftBuHudk vltrsm;pku oabmrwlcsifMuojzifh
tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ xkd;ESufcsufrsm;udk wjyHK;jyHK;jzihfMunfhum yGJusaeMuawmh\/ usdvifxefudk Ekdifrnfhol
rsm; ay:vmjyD[k oabmusaejcif; jzpfawmh\/
xdkpOf vlxkxJrS wpfa,mufu ...
]]a[h ... rif;wkdY nDtpfudkajcmufa,mufu [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrMuD;awGeJY pum;ajymw,fqw
dk m
b,folawG awGUvdkufovJ}}
wGif axmifuef;u w[m;[m; x&,fawmh\/ odkif;orm;rsm;vnf; axmifuef;udk Munfh&if; jyHK;pdpd
jzpfvmMuum axmifuef; rnfuJhodkY jyefajzrnfudk em;pGifhaevdu
k fMu\/ axmifuef;u tawmrowfatmif
&,faejyD;rS ...
]]'gvm; .. usKyfwkdYeJY q&mrMuD;awG pum;ajymaewmudk Mum;vdkuf&wJhvlawG wpfyHkMuD;aygh/ tck'Dudk
a&mufvmwJh [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG tukefvHk; Mum;w,f/ cifAsm;wdkY r,Hk&if ar;Munfhvdkuf/ vufawGUar;jyD;rS
,HkMuyg/ uJ ... igajymwm [kwfovm;/ r[kwfbl;vm;/ ajzygOD; usufyef;}}
usufyef;onf &,fcsifpdwfudk atmifhtnf;rsKdodyf ...
]][kwfygw,f/ [kwfygw,f/ q&mrMuD;awGeYJ tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYajymwmudk uRefrwdkY tm;vHk;
Mum;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefeJY q&mrMuD;awG ajymw,fqdkwJh pum;udkawmh wpfcgrS
rMum;zl;ygbl;}} [k tjywfajymvdkufawmh\/
[efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;wdkY\ pdwfxJwGif olwkdY\ q&mrMuD;oH;k a,mufudk owfjzwfaomolrSm
usdvifxefjzpfrnf[k wGufqxm;Muojzifh usdvifxefukd &efolMuD; wpfa,mufozG,f oabmxm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ xkYad Mumifh [efqef;*dkPf;ESihf ywfoufvmvQif usdvifxeftwGuf rvG,fa&;cs rvG,fyifwnf;/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
945
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pum;ppfxkd;yGJ
axmifusufu w[J[J &,fum ...
]]awGUvm; ... usKyfu rkom;pum;qkd&if ta0;u a&SmifMuOfwJh vlpm;rsKd;yg/ 'gaMumifhrkdY cifAsm;wdkYudk
usKyfu wpfckavmuf ajymcsifygw,f/ usKyfajymwJh pum;qkd&if tm;vHk;u ,kHMunfMuygvdkY ... [J[J}}
axmifusufonf olYpum;udk oljyefoabmusum &,faejyD;rS ...
]]aemufydki;f rSm q&mrMuD; wifh&Sefu qufajymao;w,f/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk wpf*dkPf;wnf; jzpfatmif
zGJpnf; wnfaxmifr,fqdk&if *dkPf;csKyfu wpfa,mufwnf; vdkrSm ... tHhzG,fnDtpfudkawGuig;a,mufawmif
jzpfaew,f/ tJ'g b,fvkd vkyfoifhovJwJh/ ... nDav; axmif0g; q&mrMuD; wihf&Sefu tJovkd ar;awmh
q&mrMuD; wihfusifhu b,fvkd jyefajzvkdufovJ ... rif;rSwfrdovm;}}
axmif0g;u ...
]]rSwfrdwmayghuG/ tJonfwkef;u igvnf; &SdaewmyJ/ wifhusifhq&mrMuD;ajymwm ckxufxd em;xJu
rxGufao;bl;/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;[m awmifig;vHk;ay:rSm wnf&Sdaewm qdkawmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufxJu
ig;a,mufudk awmifwpfvHk;pDrSmxm;jyD; tkyfcsKyfcdkif;r,f/ usefwJh wpfa,mufuawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;vkyfayghwJh}}
aumif;qef;awmifxdyf&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;rSm jyHK;kHru 0g;vHk;uGJ &,fcsvdkufMuawmhonf/ axmif0g;u
vufumjyjyD; qufajymonf/
]]'Dawmh q&mrMuD; wifh&Du bmajymw,f rSwfovJ/ ]tpfr wifhusifh ajymwm odyfrSefwmyJ/ tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,muf&JU rdbawG[m odyfawmfwmyJ? aemufykdif;rSm usdvifxefqdkwJhv[
l m *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk wpf*dkPf;
wnf;jzpfatmif yl;aygif;r,fqkdwm tMum;tjrif &xm;yHk&w,f/ 'gaMumifh tHzG,fajcmufa,mufwdwdukd
arG;vdkufwm/ ckESpfa,mufvnf; r[kwfbl;/ ig;a,mufvnf; r[kwfbl;/ ajcmufa,mufrS wu,fh
ajcmufa,mufwdwdudk arG;vkdufwm/ twdtusyJ ... awmfw,f .. awmfw,f} vdkYwzGzG ajymaeawmhwmyJ}}
axmif0g;\ pum;tqHk;wGif odkif;orm;xkMuD;\ ]tHk;} ueJ &,fvdkufoHMuD; xGufay:vmonfrSm
aumif;qef;awmifMuD;wpfckvHk; odrfhodrfhwkefoGm; avawmh\/ tm;vHk;yif awmfawmfESifh t&,frowfEdkifyJ
jzpfaeMuawmhonf/
xkdvlrsm;xJwGif tajym&cuf? tqkd&cufESifh rcsdrqefY jzpfaeolum; usdvifxefyif jzpfawmh\/ ,aeYwGif
*dkPf;MuD; ig;*dkPf;\ tpnf;ta0;MuD;udk av;av;eufeufjzifh MuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm usif;yrnf[k &nfG,f
jyifqifxm;\/ odkYrSom odkif;avmurS rdwfaqGrsm;u *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;xGufay:vmonfh awmifig;vHk;
*kdPf;MuD;udk txifMuD; av;pm;oGm;rnf/ txifrao;&JawmhyJ jzpfoGm;rnf/
odkYaomf ,ckawmh b,facsmifu ay:vmrSef;rodaom vljyufMuD;ajcmufa,mufwYu
kd rdrdjyifqifxm;onfh
av;eufwnfMunfrI rSeforQudk [mopum; trsKd;rsKd;wkdYjzifh a&pkefarQm ypfvkdufavjyD/
tcrf;tem;MuD;\ av;eufwnfMunfrI[l wpfcsufrQ r&Sdawmh/ uav;upm;onfh aysmfyGJuJhodkY jzpfoGm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
946
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avjyD/ usdvifxef\pdwfxJ usdwfrEkdif cJr& a'gojzpfvmawmh\/ odkYaomf olYrSm *dkPf;csKyfvnf;jzpf/

tdrf&Sifvnf; jzpfae&m a'goudk azmfjy&ef tcufMuD;cufum a0'emMuD;wpf&yfudk &ifxJ rcsdrqefY cHpm;ae&
awmh\/
]][if; ... 'DudpMuD;om jyD;jywfygap/ ig*dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfwmeJY 'DacG;rom;ajcmufa,mufudk rowf&&if
rauseyfEdkifbl;/ ... ajcmufa,mufpvHk;udk EkwfEkwfpif;jyD; acG;pm auR;ypfr,f}}
aemufq;Hk wGifum; ... twkdif;om vTwfxm;vQif tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufaMumifh awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;MuD;
zGJYpnf;&ef rjzpfEkdifyJ olYtMuHrsm; a&pkefarsmawmhrnfrSm rkcsjzpfaMumif; usdvifxef &dyfrdvmonf/
usdvifxefu uysmu,mjzifh ...
]]cPaeMuygOD; ... usKyfajymyg&apOD;/ [efqef;*dkPf;&JU *kdPf;csKyfu b,folvJ .. cifAsm;wdkY 6 a,muf
vm;}}
axmifusufu rJhum GJUumjzifh ...
]]bmajymw,f/ usKyfwkdYajcmufa,mufu [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfwJhvm;/ xGD .. [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfavmufav;rsm;
pum;xJ xnfhajymae&ao;w,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfcsif&if vG,fvG,fuav;&,f/ 'gayr,fh usKyfwkdYu
rvkyfygbl;/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfvkduf&if cifAsm;eJY tqifhwloGm;rSmaygh/ 'Davmuf odumusr,fh tvkyfrsKd;
usKyfwkdYu rvkyfao;bl;}}
axmif0g;u 0if ...
]][kwfw,f .. [kwfw,f/ ... 'Drjzpfpavmuf &mxl;av;udk vifh[lcsKH;udk ay;ypfvkdufw,f}}
usdvifxef\ rsufvHk;ESpfzufrSm &J&JeDvsuf &SdaeavjyD/ olYtaejzifh a'goxGuf&vGef;ojzifh wpfudk,fvHk;
ylavmifvsuf &SdvSjyD/ ol\a'gorsm;onf tcsdefraG; aygufuGJxGufvmEdkifonfh tajctaeodkY qdkufa&mufaejyD
jzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;tm; rmausmpGmjzifh usdvifxefu ajymvkdufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;u [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfyJ/ 'DvlawGudk 'DvdkyJ pnf;rJhurf;rJh vTwfxm;awmhrvm;/ enf;enf;
yg;yg;awmh Munfhxdef;OD;rSaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK;jyHK;MuD; jyefajzvdkuf\/
]]aemifMuD; tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu tifrwefrS xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fwJh yk*dKvfMuD;awGyg/ olwdkYu pum;ajym
&if &Sif;&Sif;eJY bGif;bGif;yJ ajymwwfMuygw,f/ y&d,m,fawG rm,mawG rvkyfwwfygbl;/ rkom;pum;vnf;
rajymwwfygbl;/ olwkdY&JU pum;awGudk wjcm;olawG&JU pum;awGxuf ydkjyD; ,HkMunfEdkifygw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;aMumifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm jyHK;jzD;jzD;vkyfum vufr waxmifaxmifjzifh [efvkyf
aeMuawmhonf/ ab;y&dowfrsm;url tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ trlt&mrsm;udkMunfh&if; jyHK;pdpd jzpfaeMuawmh
\/
usdvifxefurl a'gojzifh ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;r,fh udpudk rif;u qefYusifcsifvkdYvm; ... &Sif;&Sif;yJ ajym}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cgjyvkduf&if; ...
]][efqef;*dkPf;&JU oD;jcm;oabmudk xkwfazmfrajymvkdawmhygbl;/ 0gqef;*kdPf;u q&m&ufykcRef[m usKyf&JU
q&m&if;yg/ usKyfu wjcm;*kdPf;udk a&mufaeayr,fh q&m&if;&JU oGefoifqHk;rrIudk rarhygbl;}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]'gjzifh&if rif;u 0gqef;*kdPf;u *dkPf;csKyfq&mMuD; &ufykcRef&JU pum;ukd vkdufemr,fqdkwJh oabmvm;/
tJ'Dvdk r[kwf&ifvnf; tckuwnf;u ajymxm;apcsifw,f/ 'DudprsKd;u ckIyfrS aemif&Sif;rdkY &Sif;atmif
ar;xm;&wm}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wnfjidrfpGm jyefajzvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f/ usKyfqkdvdkwmu &Si;f &Sif;av;yg/ [efqef;*dkPf;u 0gqef;*dkPf;eJU vufwGJyghr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;xHrS jywfom;onfh tajzudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &ufykcRefzufodkY vSnfhum usdvifxefu
ar;vdkufjyef\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
947
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aemifMuD; &ufykcRef ... vifh[lcsKH;u cifAsm;&JU pum;twkdif; vdkufemyghr,fvdYk uwday;vkdufjyD/ cifAsm;&JU

oabmua&m b,fvkdvJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;r,hf udpudk cifAsm;taeeJY b,fvdk oabm&ygovJ}}
&ufykcRefu wnfjidrfpGmjzifh ...
]]'DudpeJYywfoufjyD; usKyfvnf; tMumMuD; pOf;pm;cJhygw,f/ 'Dudp[m tifrwef MuD;us,fwJh udpMuD;
jzpfaeawmh kww
f &uf qHk;jzwfzkdY rvG,fvSygbl;/
&ufykcRef\ pum;rsm;onf awmifukef;ay:&Sd odkif;orm;rsm;\pdwfudk aumif;pGm qGJaqmifvdkufEkdif\/
vlawmfawmf rsm;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]csKHqef;*dkPf;u tiftm;ao;w,f/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;uvnf; usdvifxef oyfvsKdxm;vdYk tcsif;csif;
uGJjym;oGm;jyD/ tcktcsdefrSm 0gqef;eJY [efqef;ESpf*dkPf;yJ aumif;qef;*dkPf;udk ,SOfEdkifawmhr,f/ 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf
&ufykcRef&JU tckavoHuvnf; usdvifxefudk tHwkr,fhyHkyJ/ 'grS yGJMuD;yGJaumif; Munfh&rSm}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]usKyfwkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm avodkif;tzGJYeJY "g;odkif;tzGJY uGJjyD; tcsif;csif; owfjzwfcJhMuwJh udpMuD;udk 'Du
aemifMuD;awGtm;vHk; Mum;rdMurSmyg/ 'gu orkdif;wGifcJhwJh udpMuD;rkdY rodwJhvl r&Sdygbl;/ ... usKyfqdk&ifawmh
tJonftaMumif; jyefpOf;pm;rdwdkif; MuufoD;xrdygao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif tvGeftHhMordawmhonf/
]][if ... q&mu b,fvkdvJ/ igwkdY 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU avodkif;tzGJYeJY "g;odkif;tzGJY uGJwJhudpudk vla&SUola&SUrSm
rajym&bl;vdkY q&mudk,fwdkifyJ usyfusyfwnf;wnf; wm;jrpfcJhwmyJ/ igwkdYqdk&if wpfcgrS xkwfrajym&JcJhbl;/
'DaeYawmh q&mudk,fwkdifu b,fhES,fh udk,fhtxkyf udk,fajzjyae&wmvJ}}
xdkpOf &ufykcRef\ pl;&SaomavoHu xGufay:vmaeqJjzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; qufawG;aevkduf
onf/
]]q&mh&JU rdk;MudK;twGif;tm;odkif;u tawmfhudk tqifhjrifhvmjyDyJ/ tckyJ Munfhprf;/ pum;ajymwmawmif
toHu pl;wl;wl;&SwweJY ta0;MuD;udk a&mufaewmyJ/ q&mhtoHukd aumif;qef;awmif atmufuawmif
Mum;Ekdifvdrhfr,feJY wlw,f}}
&ufykcRefu quf ajymaeonfrSm ...
]]tJ'Duwnf;upjyD; usKyfpdwfxJrSm tMuD;tus,f cHpm;&ygw,f/ odkif;avmuxJrSm *dkPf;uGJawG rsm;&if
rsm;oavmuf &efyGJawG ydkrsm;apygw,f/ &efjidK;odkrIawG ... vufpm;acsrIawG ydkrsm;apygw,f/ 'gudk b,folurS
rjiif;Edkifygbl;}}
____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
948
pmpOf (13)
pmpOf(13)
rmwdum
tceff;(82)
tcef;(83)
tcef;(84)
tcef;(85)
tcef;(86)
tcef;(87)
tcef;(88)
pum;ppfxdk;yGJ rStquf
odkif;ynmNydKifyGJ
twdwfZwfaMumif;
opm&SifwJhvm;
r[m&efa<u;&Sif;wrf;
odkif;q&mBuD;wOD;\ vrf;qHk;
r[m&efa<u;
oif;uGyfodkif;usifh
scanned by NEO@mmcp

hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
951
957
966
975
983
993
1002
1015
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefonf y&dowfBuD;tm; at;csrf;pGm MunhfvdkufNyD; ...

]]wu,fvdkYom odkif;avmurSm&SdwJh vltm;vHk;[m wpftdrfom;xJvdk oabmxm; Ekdif&ifawmh 'DaeYjzpfyGm;
aewJh &efNidK;odkrIawG? vufpm;acsrIawG[m q,fyHkyHk&if udk;yHkavmuf avsmhoGm;rSm aocsmygw,f/ tJ'Dvdkqdk&if
'DavmuMuD;rsm rdbrJhuav;awG b,favmuf enf;oGm;rvJ ..... om;uGJ? r,m;uGJwJholawG b,favmuf
avsmhoGm;rvJ/ udk,fhom;twGuf rsuf&nfus&wJh rdbawG b,favmuf avsmhoGm;rvJ}}
&ufykcRef\ avoHonf cHpm;csufaMumifh wkefcgae\/ Muifemjcif;? oem;jcif;? pdwfrcsrf;ajrYjcif; ponfh
t&dyfta,mifrsm; >yrf;wD;aeonf/ olYavoHonf odkif;orm;tm;vHk;\ tonf;ESvHk;udk qGJudkif vIyf,rf;EkdifpGrf;
&Sdygay\/
&ufykcRef\ pum;udk em;axmifrd vlwidk f;u ...
]]tif; ... &ufykcRef[m opm&Sif"g;vdkY wpfu,fyJ tac:cHxkdufygayw,f/ 'DvdkvlrsKd;awGom odkif;avmurSm
rsm;rsm;pm;pm; &Sdae&if odkif;avmuBuD; at;csrf;rSmyJ}} [kawG;vdkufrdMu\/
&ufykcRefu qufajymvdkufonf/
]]tck q&mBuD; usdvifxef BudK;pm;aqmifGufaewJh udpBuD;[m wu,fawmh odkif;avmuudk wu,f
tusKd;jyKwJh vkyf&yfBuD; wpfckygyJ/ .... usKyfwdkY odkif;avmurSm odkif;tzGJUawG[m rIdvkd aygufaeMuw,f/ ...
*dkPf;BuD; *dkPf;i,f toD;oD;[m rdk;aumif;uifay:u Mu,fawGvdkyJ trsm;BuD; jzpfaeMuw,f/ 'D*dkPf;tzGJUawG
tm;vHk;udk wcsdefwnf; wNydKifwnf; yl;aygif;zdkYqdkwm vG,fyghrvm;/ ... b,foluaum wm0efcHNyD;
yl;aygif;ay;rSmvJ/ ... usefwJholawGua&m yl;aygif;wmudk vufcHyghrvm;}}
&ufykcRefonf pum;ajym&if; y&dowf\&ifwGif;odkY jyemwpf&yf xnfhay;vdkufonf/ odkif;orm;rsm;
onfvnf; &ufykcRef\ jyemudk pOf;pm;aeMuawmh\/
]]'Dvdk *dkPf;tzGJUawG yl;aygif;zdkYqdkwm wu,frvG,fwJh udpyg/ 'gayr,fh usKyfwdkYuom eD;pyf&m *dkPf;awG?
tzGJUawGudk pkpnf; yl;aygif;vdkufr,fqk&d if vmr,fh udk;ESpf q,fESpftwGif; tck&Sdwmxuf xuf0ufru
avsmhenf;oGm;rSm taotcsmygyJ/ tck usKyfwdkY&JU *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;[m odkif;avmutv,frSm pHjyoabmeJY
yl;aygif;jyvdkufwmygyJ/ 'g[m tifrwef rGefjrwfwJh vkyf&yfBuD;jzpfygw,f/ odkif;avmurSm armfuGef;xdk;
avmufwJh ordkif;rSwfwdkif wpfcktjzpf wifpm;avmufygw,f}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;aomtcg odkif;orm;tawmfrsm;rsm;rSm ][m} ueJ tmar#dwfoHrsm; xGufvmMuawmhonf/
]]vufpowfawmh *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;zdkYudpudk 0gqef;*dkPf;uvnf; oabmwlwmud;k ... 'grsm;
&Snf&Snfa0;a0; avQmufajymae&ao;w,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl ajymzG,f&m r&Sdawmhacs/ BuD;pGmaom wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;rIBuD;udk cHpm;vkduf&onf/
olYpdwfxJrS .....
]]q&m .... b,fvkdrsm; oabmwlvkdufwmygvdrfh/ 'Dudpudk q&m vHk;0 oabmwlrSm r[kwfbl;vdkY ig
wGufxm;wm ... tckawmh vGJukefjyD/ txifeJY tjrif wjcm;pDygvm;/ 'kuyJ/ igu vla&SUola&SUrSm q&majymorQ
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
951
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdkufemyghr,fvkYd uwday;vdkufrdjyD/ q&muvnf; igrxifxm;wmudk oabmwlvdkufjyD/ igbmvkyf&rvJ}}

vifh[lcsKH;u pdk;&drfylyefpGmjzifh a&Smifvif ausmif;xdkif q&mawmfBuD;ESifh [lwef; *dkPf;csKyf &aohBuD;wkdYudk
vSrf;Munfhvdkufrd\/
q&mawmfBuD;ESifh &aohBuD;wkdYu olYudk acgif;cgjy&if; rJhjyHK; jyHK;jyvkdufMuonf/ olwdkYvnf; tvGef
pdwf"gwfus oGm;MuayjyD/
usdvifxefu wuf<uaom avoHjzifh ...
]]'Dvdkqdk&if 0gqef;*dkPf;u yl;aygif;zdkY oabmwlw,faygh}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]][kwfygw,f/ ... oabmwlygw,f}}
usdvifxefonf vifh[lcsKH;zufodkY vSnfhvkdufonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... okdif;orm;wpfa,mufqdkwm uwdopmwnfzdkY ta&;tBuD;qHk;yJ/ apmapmu rif;taeeJY
b,fvdk uwday;cJhovJ/ rif;&JUq&m &ufykcRefpum;udk vdkufemyghr,fvkdY uwday;xm;cJhw,f r[kwfvm;}}
ydk av;eufaom toHjzifh usdvifxefu qufajymvdkufonf/
]]omrefvlawGawmif udk,hfuwdudkudk,f wefzdk;xm; av;pm;Muw,f/ rif;vdk xdyfoD; odkif;orm;
wpfa,muftzku
dY awmh ajymp&mvdkr,f rxifbl;/ rif;ajymjyD;om;pum;udk rif;zmom jyefzsufvdrfhr,fvdkY
igawmh r,lqrdbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wkefvIyfpGmjzifh olYq&m &ufykcRefudk vSrf;Munfhrdonf/ &ufykcRef\ rsufESmwGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
tavmwBuD; trlt&mrsm; ay:vGifaeNyD; rdrdukd oabmwl vdkuf&ef acgif;Nidwfjyaeawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf a&Smifvif ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfBuD;wdkYzufodkY vSrf;Munfhrdaomtcg olwdkYu acgif;cgjyae
MuaMumif; awGU&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh rnfonfhtajzudk ay;&awmhrnfenf;/ olYpdwfxJwGif rIdif;a0 aemufusdaeayjyD/ xdkpOf
&ufykcRefu kwfw&uf ...
]]vlav; ... rif;udk igwdkYu om;t&if;wpfa,mufvdk oabmxm;cJhwm rif;todyJ/ igwdkYeJYjyefjyD; okdufodkuf
0ef;0ef; raecsifawmhbl;vm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xkdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg csufcsif;yif rsuf&nfrsm; 0JvmNyD; bmrQ rpOf;pm;EkdifawmhyJ
vTwfueJ ajymvdu
k frdawmonf/
]]q&m ... q&mr ... uRefawmfuvnf; 'gyJ arQmfvifh awmifhwaewmyg/ q&meJY q&mr[m uRefawmhf&JU
tazeJY taryg/ tck q&mwkdY*dkPf;u *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;ukd yl;aygif;zdkY oabmwlw,fqdk&ifawmh uRefawmfhtae
eJYvnf; vHk;0 rjiif;y,f&Jygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u olYpum;udk acw&yfvkdufonf/ jyD;rS ...
]]'gayr,fh [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrBuD; oHk;yg;&JU &efaMuG;udkawmh uRefawmfu acsqyfyghr,fvdkY uwdopm
jyKxm;w,f/ 'Dawmh wm0efBuD;[m uRefawmfh ykcHk;ay:rSm &Sdaeygw,f/ wu,fvdkY q&mrBuD; oHk;yg;udk owfwJh
w&m;cHom uRefawmfwkdY*dkPf;BuD;xJuvl jzpfae&if uRefawmfuawmh ... }}
xdktcg &ufykcRefu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... 'DtwGufawmh bmrS pdwfrylygeJY/ [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrBuD;oHk;yg;udk odkif;avmuxJu
vltm;vHk;u dkaoav;pm;MuwmyJ/ 'DaeY igwdkY *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif; vdkufNyDqkdawmh [efqef;*dkPf;&JU
udp[m igwdkY tm;vHk;&JU udp jzpfoGm;ygjyD/ rif;ykcHk;ay:u wm0ef[m igwdkY tm;vHk;&JU ykcHk;ay: a&mufoGm;NyD}}
&ufykcRef\ pum;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifudk tawmftwef oufomaponf/ &ufykcRefu quf ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;pdwfylaewmu q&mrBuD;awGudk owfwJh w&m;cHudk azmfxkwfzdkYr[kwfvm;/ 'Dawmh
avmavmq,ftaeeJY 'Dw&m;cHudk igwkdY pHkprf;Mu&r,f/ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; aygif;vdkufjyD; okdif;avmuxJu
rdwfaqGawG&JU tultnDudk xyf,lvkduf&if 'Dw&m;cH b,fudk xGufajy;EkdifrvJ/ 'gaMumifhrdkY rif;udk pdwfrylzdkY
ajymwmaygh/ 'Dvlowform;[m ighwdkY *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;xJu xdyfoD; okdif;orm;jzpfaeygap/ olYudk igwkdY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
952
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rnmygbl;/ olusL;vGefcJhwJh tjypf'gPfudk oljyefcH&apr,f}}

&ufykcRef\ pum;rsm;rSm oifhavQmf rQwNyD; cdkifrm jywfom;vS\/
[efqef;*dkPf;rS rdef;uav;rsm;yif tvGef oabmusoGm;jyD; vufckyf Mobm ay;Muavawmh\/ &d[dku ...
]]q&mBuD;&JU pum;u odyfrSefygw,f/ wu,fvdkY q&mBuD;uom uRefrwkdY q&mrBuD; oHk;a,muftwGuf
vufpm;acsay;Edkif&if uRefrwkdY [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG tm;vHk;u trsm;BuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/}}
&ufykcRefonf &d[dkzufodkY vSnfh ...
]]pdwfcsyg/ 'Dudpudk usKyfwm0ef xm;vdkufyg/ usKyf uwday;ygw,f/ q&mrBuD; oHk;a,mufudk owfwJh
w&m;cHudk oHk;ESpftwGif; azmfxkwfay;r,f/ onfhxuf ydkrMumap&bl;/ rif;wkdY q&mrBuD;awG twGuf usKyf
aumif;aumif; vufpm;acsay;r,f}}
odkY wduscdkifrmaom uwdpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk; 0rf;omtm;&
atmf[pfMuavawmh\/ olwdkY tm;vHk; ESpaf xmif;tm;& jzpfoGm;Mu\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]igu q&mrBuD; oHk;a,muftwGuf vufpm;acsay;r,fvdkY odEdXmefcsxm;ayr,fh b,faeY b,f&ufrSm
tNyD;tjywf jzpf&r,fvdkY tuefYtowfeJY rajymEdkifbl;/ q&mu bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufawmif twdtus tmrcH&J
&wmvJ}}
]][kwfjyD ... {uE vlowform; b,folqkdwmudk q&mu wdwdusus odxm;vkdY jzpf&vdrfhr,f/
aemufNyD;awmh oufaocH taxmuftxm; enf;enf;yg;yg;vnf; &xm; vdrhfr,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY oHk;ESpftwGif;rSm
w&m;cHudk azmfxkwfay;r,fvdkY tmrcH&Jwm jzpf&r,f}}
xdkodkY awG;vkdufrdjyD;onfESifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk tuJcwfvkduo
f nf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;wkdif; vdkvdkyif &ufykcRef\ pum;aMumifh wufwuf<u<u jzpfaeonfudk awGYvkduf&
ojzifh olYpdwfudk ,wdjzwf ydkif;jzwfum vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]q&m ajymwJhtwkdi;f qdk&if twkdif;xuf tvGef aumif;wmtrSefyJ/ ... q&mrBuD; oHk;a,mufudk owfwJh
vlowform;[m *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;xJu xdyfoD;odkif;orm; jzpfae&ifvnf; olYukd rnmEdkifbl;/ 'Dtcsufudk
q&mBuD; usdvifxef taeeJY oabmwl ygovm;/}}
usdvifxefu at;pufaom avoHjzifh jyefvnf ajzMum;vdkufonf/
]]tifrwef w&m;rQwwJh tpDtpOfudk bmjzpfvkdY oabmrwl&rSmvJ/ oabmwlw,f}}
xdktcg vifh[cl sKH;u ...
]]aumif;ygjyD/ 'Dvdkqdk&if *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;zkdYudpudk usKyfwkdY [efqef;*dkPf;u oabmwlvkduyf gNyD/}}
usdvifxefonf &ifwrr jzpfae&mrS ,ckrS oufrBuD;csEdkifawmhonf/ yxrydkif;wGif txpfxpf
taighaighjzifh tpDtpOf ysufawmhra,mif jzpfvm rsm;pGm pdk;&drf ylyefcJhao;\/
usdvifxefu ...
]]tckqdk&if aumif;qef;awmifay:udk a&muf&SdvmMuwJh {nfhy&dwo
f wfrsm; jrifMu? Mum;MuwJhtwdkif;
*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;[m yl;aygif;zdkY tm;vHk; oabmwlvdkufygjyD/ ... 'DaeYupjyD; *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;udk
]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;} vdkY trnfajymif;vkdufygw,f/}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh usdvifxefu b,fvufudk wpfcsuf a0SU,rf;vdkufonf/
xkdtcg {nfhy&dwo
f wf tm;vHk;\ ab;ywfvnfrS wjAHK;jAHK; ... w'dkif;'kdif;jzifh aAsmuftdk;azmufoHrsm;
jrnf[nf;oGm;awmh\/
vltm;vHk;\ pdwfxJwGif wpfjydKifwnf;awG;vkdufMuonfrSm ...
]]tif; .. usdvifxefuawmh wu,fhudk tuGufaphwmyJ/ tm;vHk;udk jyifqifxm;wmyJudk;}}
xdktawG;rsm;udk taxmuftuljyKonfh tjyKtrlrsm;udk y&dwfowfrsm; xyfrH awGUMu&awmhonf/
taMumif;rSm usdvifxef zdwfac:xm;onfh {nfhonfrsm;xJrS tcsKdUaom odkif;orm;rsm;onf usdvifxefxH
oGm;a&muf *kPfjyKpum;rsm; ajymMum; aeMujcif;aywnf;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
953
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,if;aMumifh usdvifxefrSm awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tjzpf oabmoufa&muf oGm;awmh\/

yg;&nfeyf&nf&Sdaom okdif;orm;wdkif; rsufvHk; jyL;oGm;Muawmhonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif axmifuef;u wpfpcef; xvmavawmh\/
]]at; ... [kwfjyD/ tck *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;udk ]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;} tjzpf yl;aygif;vdkufjyD qdkawmh 'DaeY
tcrf;tem; tpDtpOf atmifjrifoGm;jyD/ igwdkY tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufuvnf; trsm;tBudKufudk vdkufavsm&awmh
rayghav/ ]vlawmfvlaumif;qdkwm trsm;eJY oifhwifh nDnGwfatmif aygif;Ekdif&w,f/ acgif;aqmifEkdif&w,f}
'Dawmh apmapmu igwdkY BudKwif ajymxm; rdwJhtwkdif; aqmifGufay;&awmhrSmaygh}}
usdvifxefu olYtwGuf tajctae aumif;vmjyD[k oabmaygufoGm;NyD; pdwfxJrS ...
]]tif; ... 'DacG;aumifajcmufaumif[m awmifay:a&mufuwnf;u 'DwpfcgyJ vlpum; olpum;
ajymawmhw,f}}
axmif&Srf;u ...
]]a[h ... bm*dkPf;yJjzpfjzpf? *dkPf;csKyfwpfa,mufawmh &Sd&rSmyJ/ b,folYudk *dkPf;csKyftjzpf aG;&if
aumif;rvJ/ 'Dtcsufu tifrwef ta&;BuD;wJh tcsufaemf/ raumif;wJholudk *dkPf;csKyf tjzpf wifajrmufrd&if
tm;vHk; ig;yg; arSmufoGm;r,f}}
olYpum;ukd acwrQ &yfvdkufum pOf;pm;ovdk vkyfvdkufjyD;rS axmif&Srf;u ...
]]igwdkYajcmufa,mufudk odyfNyD;awmh aG;aumufwifajrmufcsifw,f qdk&ifawmhvnf; igwkdYutm;emyg;emeJY
vufcH&awmhrSmaygh/ r[kwfbl;vm; ...}}
axmifusufuvnf; ...
][kwfw,f/ apmapmwkef;u q&mBuD; &ufykcRef ajymcJhwJh pum;&SdwmyJ/ tckvdk yl;aygif;vdkufjcif;[m
trsm;tusKd;udk a&S;IUjyD; yl;aygif;MuwmwJh/ 'Dawmh trsm;tusKd;twGuf *dkPf;csKyf vkyf&rSmqkdawmh igwkdYuvnf;
b,fjiif;y,fvdkY aumif;yghrvJ}}
tHhzG,f ajcmufa,mufwdkYonf twkdiftazmufESifh ajymaeMu&m wu,fyif *dkPf;csKyft&mudk qufcHMuawmh
rnfuJhodkY jzpfae\/
usdvifxeftzdkY tusOf;tusyf MuHK&jyefavjyD/ yef;cifvrf;onf ca,mif;vrf;uJhodkY Murf;wrf;vmjyefacsjyD/
xdktcdkuf tust0g 0wfqifxm;aom aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&mBuD; wa,mufu
tHhzG,f
ajcmufa,mufudk olYtaejzifh 0ifESdrfrS jzpfawmhrnfqdkaom oabmjzihf vSrf;ajymvdkufonf/
]]a[h ... b,folawGu rif;wdkUudk ]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;} &JU*dkPf;csKyfBuD; tjzpf wifajrmuf&ao;vdkYvJ ...
'DrSmvmjyD; l;ovdk aygovdk vmrvkyfeJY}}
wpfqufwnf;yif olu vifh[lcsKH;zuf vSnhf ..
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD; vifh[lcsKH; ... 'Dvlajcmufa,mufu cifAsm;&JU *dkPf;uyJ r[kwfvm;/ cifAsm;taeeJY MunfhjyD;
xdef;odrf;OD;rSaygh}}
xdktcg axmifuef;u vufckyfvuf0g;wD; atmf[pfavawmh\/
]]rif;u vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vdkY ac:vkdufw,f ... [kwfvm;/ 'gqdk rif;u olYudk (awmifig;vHk;
*dkPf;&JU) *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tjzpf wifajrmufvkdujf yDayghav ... apmapmwkef;u usdvifxefu ajymjyD;jyD/ 'DaeYu
pjyD;awmh 0gqef;*dkPf;wdkY? [efqef;*dkPf;wdkY r&Sdawmhbl;/ ]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;} qdkwmyJ &Sdawmhw,fwJh/}}
aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&mBuD;onf udk,fhI;udk,fywf jzpfaeojzihf jyefajz&Sif;&ef BudK;pm;awmh\/
odkYaomf axmif0g;u olYtm; vHk;0 pum;tajymrcHyJ olajymcsif&mom qufajymaeawmh\/
]]aeyg ... aeyg/ rif;u vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tjzpf owfrSwfcsif&ifvnf; igwkdYu ruefYuGufygbl;/
rif;&JU pdwfxJrSm *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vdkY owfrSwfxm;&if jyD;wmygyJ/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;yJaygh}}
aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&mBuD;onf jyefrxdkifEkdifao;yJ
&Sif;&ef yg;pyf[vdkufonf/ xkdtcg
axmifqufu ...
]]rif;u odyfpum;ajymcsifaewmudk;/ igwkdYvnf; enf;enf;av; qufjyD; ajymyg&apOD;/ igwdkY ajymr,fh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
954
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pum;uvnf; rif;ajymrSmeJY twlwlygyJ/ vifh[lcsKH;[m igwdkYavmuf rawmfayr,fh odyfawmh rqdk;vSygbl;/

olYudk *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tjzpf wifajrmufcsifw,fqdk&if igwdkYuvnf; oabmwlygw,fuGm}}
,if;tcsdew
f Gif axmifuef;u atmf[pf aMujimvdkufawmh\/
]]y&dowfMuD;rsm; cifAsm;/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS vifh[lcsKH;udk awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tjzpf
wifajrmufzkdY tqdkwifoGif; vdkufygjyD/ axmufcH Muygovm; cifAsm;}}
xdktcg [efqef;*dkPf;rS rdef;uav; tm;vHk;u wpfcJeufvufckyfwD; Mobmay;um axmufcHMu
avawmh\/ aumif;qef;awmif wpfckvHk; odrfhodrfhnH oGm;awmhonf/ usdvifxef\ tpDtrHrsm;ESifh ywfouf
b0ifrusvSaom odkif;orm;trsm;pkBuD;rSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ vkyfyHkudkifyHkrsm;udk oabmusvSojzifh
NyHK;pdpd jzpfaeMuawmhonf/
apmapmu vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;[k ac:rdaom aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&mBuD;rSm rnfodkYrQ ajz&Sif;
r&EkdifawmhyJ acgif;razmf&Jatmif jzpfaeawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfBuD;[k ac:vdkufjcif;rSm [efqef;*dkPf;
\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;tjzpf olu&nfG,faMumif; &Sif;jy&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ wGef;xdk;
ydwfyifum ajymqdkrIrsm;aMumifh ,cktajctxd a&mufoGm;&jcif; jzpfawmh\/ xkdpOf xkdufqef;*dkPf;rS &aohBuD;
&dusD;u x&yfum
]]rif;wkdY ajcmufa,mufu bmaumifawGvJ/ ig onf;cHjyD;awmh Munfhaewm tawmfMumjyD/ tckawmh
onf;rcHEkdifawmhbl;/ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk rif;wdkYu vmjyD; aESmifh,Sufaewm r[kwfvm;/ [efqef;*dkPf;uom
rif;wdkY ajcmufa,muf vkyfcsifwdkif; vkyfaewmudk MunfhaerSm/ igwdkY xdkufqef;*dkPf;u vufydkufjyD; MunfhaerSm
r[kwfbl;}}
xdktcg axmif0g;u vufckyfvuf0g;wD; atmf[pfvkdufavawmhonf/
]]rSm;jyD ... odyfudk rSm;oGm;jyD/ tckqdk&if *dkPf;MuD;ig; *dkPf; yl;aygif;vdkufvdkY ]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;} jzpfoGm;jyD
... cifAsm;a&m .. usKyfwkdYa&m ... awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;om;awG jzpfoGm;jyD/ [efqef;*dkPf; qdkwm r&Sdawmhbl;/
xdkufqef;*dkPf; qdkwmvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;}}
]]apmapmwkef;u usdvifxefu 'Dpum;udk aoaocsmcsm &Sif;jycJhwmyJ/ cifAsm;u q&mBuD; usdvifxef
&Sif;jywmudk oabm raygufbl;eJY wlw,f/ 'Dvdkom *dkPf;BuD; ig;*dkPf;[m udk,fpDudk,fiS emrnfawGudkom
qufoHk;csifw,fqdk&if wpf*dkPf;wnf; yl;aygif;zdkY udpudk cifAsm;u bmjzpfvdkY vufcHvkduf&wmvJ/ awmif
ig;vHk;*dkPf; jydKuGJr,fh pum;awGudk cifAsm;taeeJY roHk;oifhbl;}}
xdkpOf axmif&ufu vufoD;vufarmif;wef; 0ifajymjyefonf/
]]'g[m ... olY&JU e*dk*dkPf;*PtpGJ raysmufao;bl; qdkwmudk jyaewmyJ/ 'Dvdk vlrsKd;[m odyfaMumufp&m
aumif;w,f/ uif;jrD;aumuf&JU tqdyfxufawmif aMumufp&m aumif;ao;w,f/ ... tcGifhta&;&wmeJY olwdkY&JU
xdkufqef;*dkPf;udk jyefaxmifrSmyJ/ 'Dvdk vlawG[m wpfpifaxmifzkdY tjrJMuHpnfaer,fh vlrsKd;awGuG}}
ae&modkY ta&mufwGif odkif;orm; y&dwfowfBuD;xJrS xuf0ufcefYrSm ]tHk;} ueJ &,frdMuawmh\/
olwdkYpdwfxJwiG f ...
]]'D tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk tl;taygawGvdkY qdkMuayr,fh olwkdYu olrsm;pum;rSm;wmudk csufcsif;
odMuw,f/ tJonf pum;trSm;udk apmifhzrf;jyD; olwdkY vdkcsifwJhzufudk qGJajymwJh ae&mrSmawmh tifrwef
vnfygw,fqdkwJh usdvifxefawmif vdkufrDrSm r[kwfbl;/}}
tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYrSm i,fpOfuwnf;u pum;Ekdifvk jiif;ckHaecJh&m olwkdYrSm tusifhjzpfaeavjyD/
awmfkHwefkH pum;ajymaumif;ol wpfa,mufonf olwdkYESifh ,SOf pum;ajymEkdifrnf r[kwfacs/ xdkYtjyif
uyfuyfoyfoyf &Sm&SmMuHMuH pum;ajym&mwGifvnf; olwkdYudk rnfolrQ ,SOfEkid frnf r[kwfacs/
aemufxyf tcsufwpfckrSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu OD;acgif;ajcmufacgif;jzifh twkdiftazmufnDpGm
ajymMujcif;jzpfonf/ a&S;ya0oPD uwnf;u olwdkYajcmufa,muf tzGifhtydwfjzifh ajymcJhMuojzihf olwdkY\
pum;rsm;rSm a&yufr0ifatmif yd&daooyf vSayonf/
&aohMuD; &dusD;rSm *dkPf;csKyfMuD;xif;rif\ pum;tusudkaumuf *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk &cJholjzpf\/ ,ck
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
955
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csufcsif;yif olYpum;tusudkaumuf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwdkYu 0kdif;ESdrfMu&m csufcsif;0#fvnf oGm;&awmh

onf/ olu &Suf&rf;&rf;vsuf ...
]]awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;xJrSm rif;wdkYvdk tl;ajcmufa,muf ygvmwmu tMuD;tus,f tukodkvf0ifwmyJ}} [k
ajymcsvkdufawmh\/
axmif0g;u rsufvHk;jyL; rsufqefjyL;jzifh &aohMuD; &dusD;udk Munfh&if; ...
]]&aohMuD; ... cifAsm; bmajymvdkufw,f/ awmif ig;vHk;*dkPf;udk tukokdvf0ifw,f ... [kwfvm;/ 'g[m
awmif ig;vHk;*dkPf;udk cifAsm;taeeJY txifao; apmfum;wJh oabmyJ/ awmif ig;vHk;*dkPf;xJudk cifAsm;u
r0ifcsifbl;aygh ... [kwfvm;}}
axmifqufu ...
]][if; ... awmfawmfqdk;wJh &aohMuD;ygvm;/ 'D&aohMuD;udk toufMuD; 0gMuD;vdkY awmfawmfav;
tcsdefpD;r,f rSwfygw,f/ tckawmh b,frSm tcsdefpD;vkdYvJ/ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;udk b,favmuf cufcufcJcJ
pnf;kH;wnfaxmifcJh&ovJ/ 'DaeY a&mufvmwJh odkif;orm;tm;vHk; rsufjrifudk,fawGUyJ ... 'DaeYyJ awmifig;
vHk;*dkPf;udk wnfaxmifw,f/ 'D&aohMuD;u 'DaeYyJ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;udk txifao; pum;ajymw,f/}}
axmifqufonf a'gMuD; armMuD;ESifh vufoD; vufarmif;wef;um quf atmf[pfjyefonf/
]]'Dvdk txifao;pum;ajymwm[m igwkdY awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;opfMuD;udk usdefqJvdkufwmyJ/ ... &aohMuD; ...
cifAsm;yg;pyfu awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;udk tukodkvf0ifw,fvdkY ajymwm[m edrdwfr&Sd? ermr&SdwJh pum;yJ/ ...
usKyfwdkY&JU awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;opfMuD;[m a&Smifvif*dkPf;? [lwef;*dkPf;awGeJY &ifaygifwef;Ekdifatmif MudK;pm;
aewkef; cifAsm;u r*Fvmr&SdwJhpum;eJY usdefqJvdkufwm[m cifAsm;tvGefvm; ... 'grSr[kwf tjypfajymwJh
usKyfwdkYtvGefvm;/ cifAsm;[m awmfawmf &ufpufwJhvlyJ/ &aohMuD; ... cifAsm;udk usKyf ar;prf;yg&apOD;/
r*FvmOD; tcgOD;rSm cifAsm;u bmjzpfvdkY usufoa& r*Fvm r&SdwJh pum;rsKd; ajym&wmvJ}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;rSm tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdYtm; rnfonfhpum;jzifh acsy &Sif;vif;&rnfudk rodatmif
jzpfae&Smawmhonf/ rsufESmMuD; eD&Jaeaomfvnf; qGHUtaeolyrm jzpfaeawmhonf/ xkdpOf axmif&ufu 0if...
]]'D&aohBuD;[m tajymwpfrsKd;? tvkyfwpfrsKd; &aohBuD;yJ ... tck cifAsm;vkyfaeyHk[m usKyfwkdY&JU awmifig;
vHk;*dkPf;BuD;udk rwnfEkdifatmif vkyfaewmyJ/ 'D*dkPf;BuD; rwnfEdkifrS olu xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyf&rSmudk; ...
apmapmwkef;u q&mBuD;xif;rifwke;f u olu Iwfcsaevdkufwm/ ... [if; ... tck olu ydkawmif qdk;aeao;
w,f/}}
wkwfvlrsKd;rsm;wGif t,ltqrsm;? tpGJrsm; &SdMuonf/ uJhodkY ta&;MuD;aom tcsdefor,rsm;
raumif;aompum;? r*Fvmr&Sdaom pum;rsm;udk txl; a&SmifMuOfMu&onf/ Oyg'gefaMumifh Oyg'f
a&muf&rnfudk vGefpGm pdk;&drfMuonf/ ,if;aMumifh Mum;&olrsm;\ pdwfxJwGif &aohBuD;; &dusD;rSm tjypf&Sdol
jzpfvmonf/
tHhzG,f 6 a,mufwdkYu pum;rsm;rsm; ajymavav? &aohBuD;; &dusD; tzdkY tajctae ydkqdk;vmavav
jzpfaeawmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
956
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkif;ynmjydKifyGJ
vifh[lcsKH;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufESifh a&S;OD;qHk; &if;ESD;cJh&ol jzpf&m xkd 6 a,muftaMumif;udk tjcm;ol
rsm;xuf yd
k odonf/ olYpdwfxJrS ...
]]tif; ... 'DaeY aemifMuD; tHhzG,fawG pum;ajymwm w,fjyD; tcsufydkifyguvm; ... tuGufudk aphaewmyJ/
'DvlawG tjiif;tckHoefwmawmh rSefw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Davmufawmh jzwfxdk;OmPf raumif;Muygbl;/ tck
Munfhprf; ..... udk,fajymcsif&m qGJjyD; ajymoGm;vdkufwm/ &dusD;qdk&if acsmifydwfrdaejyD/ {uE wpfa,mufa,muf
uawmh ab;uae tMuHay;vkyfaejyDeJY wlw,f/}}
tawG;aMumifh tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf ab;em;odkY vifh[lcsKH;u tuJcwfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf olwdkY em;wGif
r,HkouFmp&m vlwpfa,mufrS rawGY&acs/
rdrdtxif rSm;avjyD[k wGufqvkduf&mu kwfw&uf tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ aemufzufwGif nKdrnf;aom
rsufESmjzifh t&yfedrfhaom vlwpfa,mufudk awGYvkdufrdonf/ xdkvlonf acgif;udk vufESifhukwu
f m ykef;vsKd;
uG,fvsKd; &yfaeonfudkvnf; owdjyKvdu
k frdawmh\/
kwfkwfoJoJESifh vlpnfum;&m t&yfrsm;wGif uJhodkY rxifr&Sm; ysHusrsm; &SdwwfMu&m rnfolurQ
olYtm; ta&;rpdkufMuacs/ vifh[lcsKH;u xdkvltm; *kpdkuf tuJcwfvdkufonf/ xdktcdkuf xdkoluvnf;
vifh[lcsKH;udk wpfcsuf vSrf;MunfhvdkufonfESihf MuHKMudKufoGm;onf/
xdkol\ rsufvHk;rsm;xJrS tjyHK;rsm;udk awGUvdkuf&jyD; aemufajymifvdkonfh trlt&mrsm;udkyg awGUvdkuf&
ojzifh tvGef tHhtm;oifhoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH; &ifxJwGif xdwfueJjzpfoGm;onf/ xdkoludk csufcsif;
rSwfrdvdkufavjyD/ 0rf;omrIrsm;u olY&ifxJwGif abmifbifcwfoGm;awmh\/
ndKrnf;aom rsufESmESifhvlum; vif;vif;yifwnf;/
,aeYyo
GJ dkY vif;vif; rvmEdkifawmh[k vifh[lcsKH;u rSwf,lxm;&m ,ckuJhodkY kyfzsuf a&mufvmaomtcg
twkdif;rod 0rf;omoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u csufcsif;yif xdkif&mrSxvdkufonf/ vif;vif;tem;odkY avQmufoGm;&ef [efjyifvdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ odYak omf vif;vif;u rodrom acgif;,rf;jyvdkufojzifh jyefxkdifvdkuf&awmh\/
aocsmpGm pOf;pm;vdkufaomtcg vif;vif; tcsufjyonfrSm rSefayonf/
tjcm;olrsm; odoGm;ygu vif;vif;twGuf tqdk;csnf;om jzpfawmhrnf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif vGefpGm
vIyf&Sm;oGm;awmh\/
]]vif;vif; ... vif;vif; ... wu,fh rdef;uav;yJ ... onfavmuf tE&m,frsm;wJhae&mudk olrdkY
raMumufrGHU vm&Jw,f/ wu,fvkdYrsm; olYudk raumif;qdk;0g; *dP
k f;csKyfMuD;&JU orD;qdkwm odomG ;&if ...}}
pOf;pm;&if;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm vif;vif;\ apwem arwm MuD;rm;yHkudk ydk odjrifvmawmhonf/
]]onfavmuf tE&m,fawG 0dkif;0dkif;vnfaewJhMum;xJu ighudk vmulnDwmu ightay:xm;wJh olY&JU arwm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
957
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twdkif;twmudk jyaewmyJ/ ig ... ig ... olY&JU aus;Zl;awGudk b,fvkd qyf&rSef;awmif rodawmhbl;}}

vifh[lcsKH;udk rodrom jyHK;jy&if; vif;vif;onf vltkyfMuD;xJodkY tomt,m 0ifoGm;onf/ vufpowf
awmh tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufudk oGefoifay;aeolum; vif;vif;yifwnf;/
xdkpOf axmifuef;u atmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]uJ ..... tm;vHk;udk aMujimvkdufw,f/ usKyfaxmifuef;u vifh[lcsKH;udk *dkPf;csKyfMuD; tjzpf wifajrmuf
vdkufw,f/ ... 'gudk rauseyfwJhol&Sd&if vifh[lcsKH;eJY "g;a&; ,SOfjydKifEdkifw,f/ "g;csif;,SOfjyD; *dkPf;csKyfae&mudk
aG;r,f/}}
ajym&if;qd&k if; axmifuef;u vifh[lcsKH;&Sd&modkY vufnKd;xdk;jyvdu
k fonf/
axmif&Srf;u ...
]]usdvifxef ... cifAsm;u usKyfwkdY w&m;ojzifh ajymaewmudk rauseyfzl;vm;/ usKyfwdkYu b,folYukdrS
rw&m; rvkyfzl;/ cifAsm;taeeJY *dkPf;csKyf&mxl; qufcHoifhw,fvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk,lq&if vifh[lcsKH;eJY "g;csif;
,SOfjydKifEdkifw,f/ ... 'DaeYrSm awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftopfudk odkif;ynmjydKifyGJeJyJ aG;aumufMur,f}}
tcrf;tem;odkY a&muf&SdvmMuonfh odkif;orm;rsm;teuf wpf0ufausmfausmfrSm awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;rS
tyjzpfaom odkif;orm;rsm; jzpfonf/ olwkdYonf *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;0ifrsm; r[kwfMuacs/ tpDtpOf tcrf;tem;
rnfodkYusif;yonf/ rnfodkY aG;aumufjyD;pD;oGm;onfudk MunfhI&ef vma&mufMuaom {nfhy&dwfowf ouf
oufom jzpfonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfMuap ... yGJMuD;yGJaumif; Munfh&rnfqkv
d Qif olwdkYtzdkY vm&usKd;eyfoGm;jyD jzpf
xdkyGJrsKdk;udkom arQmfvifh apmifhpm;aeMuolrsm; jzpf\/
,ck tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufu odkif;ynmjydKifyGJ aMujimpum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg tm;vHk;u wcJeuf
atmf[pfaxmufcH Muavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS ...
]]igu a&Smifvifausmif;xdkif q&mawmfMuD;zef;wif;eJY [lwef; *dkPf;csKyf &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wdkYudk ... usdvifxef
awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; rjzpfap&ygbl;vdkY uwday;xm;cJhw,f/ ... tckqdk&if awmfawmfuav; tqifajyvm
jyD/ q&mom awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfoGm;&if q&mawmfMuD;eJY &aohMuD; csKH;Id;wdkY&JUqE jynfhoGm;rSmyJ/ olwdkYu
usdvifxefudk pdk;&drfaeMuwmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u olYq&m &ufykcRefudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ olYq&m\ wnfMunfcefYnm;vSaom Oy"dkyfudk
vGefpGm MunfndKoGm;rdonf/ olu quf awG;vdkufonf/
]]q&mom awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfjzpfoGm;&if tm;vHk;twGuf taumif;qHk; jzpfoGm;rSmyJ/ q&mu wpfudk,f
aumif;vnf;rqefbl;/ vlwkdif;uvnf; q&mqkd&if av;pm;Muw,f/ opm&Sif"g;qdkwJhbGJU[m odkif;avmu
om;awG ay;xm;wJhbGJUyJ/ *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;u odkif;q&mMuD;awGxJrSm ighq&muvGJvdkY b,folrS awmifig;vHk;
*dkPf;csKyf &mxl;eJY rxdkufwefygbl;}}
tawG;udk awG;vkdufrdonfESifh csufcsif;yif vifh[lcsKH;u rwfwyfx&yfvkdufum ...
]]aemifMuD; axmifuef;u awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf tjzpf tqdkwifay;wmudk twkdif;rod aus;Zl;wifygw,f/
'gayr,fh usKyfxuf toufa&m ... 0ga&m ... odkif;ynmyg omwJh usKyfq&m &ufykcRef &Sdaeygao;w,f}}
acwem;vdkuf&if; odkif;orm;y&dowfMuD;udk vifh[lcsKH;u vSrf;tuJcwfvdkufonf/ vlwkdif;u pdwf0ifpm;pGm
apmifharQmfaeojzifh olYpum;udk qufvkduf\/
]]usKyf&JUq&m &ufykcRef[m odkif;ynmvnf; awmfw,f/ pdwfoabmxm;vJ tifrwef jrifhjrwfw,f/
'gawGudk usKyfajymaezdkY rvdkygbl;av/ odkif;avmuom;awG tm;vHk; odjyD;om;yg/ aemufqHk;vdk&if;udk
ajym&&ifawmh usKyfu usKyf&JUq&m &ufykcRefudk awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf tjzpfaG;aumufvdkygw,f/}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;aomtcg 0gqef;*dkPf;rS vltm;vHk;u wcJeuf vufckyfMobm ay;Muavawmh\/
odkYaomf aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS odkif;q&m wpfa,mufu x&yfum ...
]]q&mMuD; &ufykcRef[m odyfawmh rqdk;vSygbl;/ 'gayr,fh awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfEdkifavmufatmif
awmh t&nftcsif; rjynfhao;bl; xifygw,f/ ... bmjzpfvkdYvJqdkawmh usKyfwkdY&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
958
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rrSDao;vdkYygyJ/ ... 'gaMumifh awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf tjzpf toifhavsmfqHk;vluawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefyJ

jzpfygw,f/}}
axmif&ufu x atmfawmh\/
]]a[h .... t&nftcsif;awGudk yg;pyfu ajymraeeJY ... ajymae&if qHk;awmhrSm r[kwfbl;/ b,fol okdif;ynm
ydkawmfovJqdkwmudk ajymaevkdY rodEdkifbl;/ 'Dawmh okdif;ynm NyKdifMu .... ydkawmfwJholu *dkPf;csKyfvkyf ... 'gyJ}}
xkdtcg {nfhonf odik f;orm;rsm;u atmf[pf axmufcHMuavawmh\/
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f/ okdif;ynmNyKdifyGJeJY aG;aumufwm w&m;trQwqHk;eJY trSefuefqHk;yJ ... okdif;ynm
jyKdifMuyg}}
olwkdYum; yGJrsKd;ukd apmifhpm;aeMuolrsm; r[kwfygavm/ pum;rsKd;om ajymMuayrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS awG;vdkuf\/
]]'DaeY tajctaeuawmh usdvifxefudk t&ifqHk; tjyKwfrwdkuf&if rjzpfawmhwJh tajcyJ/ usdvifxefudk
t&ifqHk; jzKwfypfrS aumif;qef;*dkPf;jyKwfrSm ... 'grS ighq&mvnf; *dP
k f;csKyf jzpfEdkifawmhrSmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u csufcsif;yif a&SUodkY xGufvm&if; ...
]]q&mMuD; usdvifxef ... odkif;avmu u rdwfawGawG awmif;qdkcsufuawmh Mum;wJh twdkif;ygyJ/ 'Dawmh
usKYyfwdkYuvnf; odkif;ynm jydKifyGJeJYyJ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk aG;cs,fMuwmaygh/ uJ ... q&mMuD;eJY
usKyfeJY wpfyGJavmuf ETJvdkufMu&atmif}}
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh vifh[lcsKH;u ol\"m;udk qGJxkwfvdkufonf/ olu wrifwum cyfjrefjref qGJxkwf
vdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ usdvifxef\ vuf0g;apmif;rSm tvGefxufjruf aumif;rGefvSojzihf olYtaejzifh vufeufrJh
odkif;jzifh usdvifxefudk tEdkif&&Sd&ef rvG,fulay/
xdktcg odkif;orm;rsm;u qlnHpGm atmf[pf tm;ay;Muavawmh\/
xkdtcdkuf &ufykcRefu x&yfvdkufum toHudk jrifh ajymvkduf\/
]]rdwfaqGawG tm;vHk;u awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfopf aG;cs,fzdkYudprSm 'DyHkpHtwdkif; aG;cs,fzdkY
awmif;qdkaeMuawmh usKyfwkdYuvnf; rdwfaqGwdkY&JU vdktifqEudk vdkuaf vsm &awmhrSmaygh}}
]]'gayr,fh wpfckawmh usKyfu arwm&yfcHcsifygw,f/ tckqdk&if usKyfwdkY *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;[m wpf*dkPf;
wnf; jzpfoGm;jyDqdkawmh odkif;NydKifwJhtcgrSm wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf xdcdkuf'Pf&mr&atmif twwfEdkifqHk;
a&Smif&Sm;MuygvdYyk g/ ... toufudk xdckdufapzdkY qdkwmawmh vHk;0 rjzpfoifhygbl;}}
&ufykcRef\ pum;rSm aumif;rGef oifhavsmfvSojzihf tm;vHk;u acgif;ndwo
f abmwl Muonf/ odkYaomf ...
usdvifxefurl ...
]]aemifMuD; &ufykcRefajymwm tifrwef aumif;rGefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gu odkif;ynmjydKifyGJqdkawmh
rawmfwq xdcdkufrIawGuawmh &SdrSmygyJ/ vHk;0rxdckdufatmif a&SmifMuOfzdkYqdkwmuawmh rjzpfEkdifwJh udpyg}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]'guawmh [kwfygw,f/ ... usKyfvnf; vufcHygw,f/ w&m;trQwqHk; jzpfapzkdY usKyftaeeJY tMuHwpfck
wifjyyg&ap}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]ajymygav/ vdktyfwJhtBuHqdk&if ,l&rSmaygh/ vltrsm;eJYvkyf&wJh udprsKd;rSm w&m;rQwav aumif;av
yJaygh}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]]'Dvdkyg ... 'DjydKifyGJMuD;[m tifrwef ta&;MuD;wJh jydKifyGJMuD; jzpfaeawmh q&mawmfMuD; zefwif;? &aohMuD;
csKH;Id; pwJh oufMuD; 0gMuD; awGudk ac:jyD; 'dkifvlMuD; vkyfcdkif;&if aumif;r,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ 'D'dkifvlMuD;awGu
b,folEdkifw,f/ b,folIH;w,fqdkwmudk qHk;jzwfay;&r,f/ tck usKyfwkdY vkyfaewJh tpDtpOfu odkif;ynm
oufouf jydKifwm ... olaoudk,fao wkduf&wm r[kwfawmh tckvdk 'dkifvlMuD;awG vkdr,fvdkY xifygw,f}}
usdvifxefu oabmwlonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
959
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aemifMuD; &ufykcRefajymwm aumif;ygw,f/ usKyfuvnf; jydKifyGJ0if&r,fh tpDtpOfwpfckukd wifjycsifyg

w,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if tm;vHk; tkwfta&ma&m? ausmufta&ma&meJY IyfaxG;ukefMuvdrfhr,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]ajymyg ..... ajymyg/ tckvdk tMuHaumif; Pfaumif;awGeJY pnf;urf;wus ,SOfjydKifMu&if xdcdkufrI
tenf;qHk;eJY awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfopfudk aG;aumufEdkifrSmygyJ/ q&mMuD; usdvifxef&JU tMuHOmPfudk
Mum;yg&ap}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]jydKifyGJrSm *dkPf;MuD;wpf*dkPf;pDu ESpfa,mufyJ jydKifyGJ0ifcGifh&Sdw,f/ 'DvdkrS rowfrSwfxm;&ifawmh 'DjydKifyGJu
b,fawmh ..... b,ftcsdefrS jyD;r,f rodEdkifbl;}}
xdkpOf xku
d fqef;*dkPf;rS &aohMuD; &dusD;u "m;udk qGJxkwfvkdufum ...
]]usKyfu xkdufqef;*dkPf;uyJ/ usKyfwdkYuawmh q&mMuD;usdvifxefudk awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
tjzpf aG;aumufzdkY oabmwlw,f/ wu,fvkdY q&mMuD; usdvifxefudk rMudKufwJhol&Sd&if ... rauseyfwJhol
&Sd&if tJ'Dv[
l m usKyfeJY t&ifqHk; ,SOfjydKif&r,f/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif; tESpfom&udk awGYoGm;ap&r,f/}}
xdkpOf pl;&SvGef;aom a,mufsm;oHwpfoH kwfjcnf; xGufay:vm\/
]][m; [m; [m; ... xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;tESpfom& ... [kwfvm;/ ar;yg&apOD;/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU
"m;odkif; tESpfom&udk cifAsm;ua&m b,favmufrsm; odxm;vdkYvJ/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif; tESpfom&udk
vHk;0rodyJeJY xdkufqef;*dkPf;udk udk,fpm;jyKjyD; rxGufoifhbl;/ cifAsm; r&Sufbl;vm;}}
vltm;vHk; vefYoGm;Muonf/ OD;acgif;rsm;pGmwdkYonf wpfjydKifeufwnf; vSnfhMunfh vdkufrdMuonf/
vifrdeu
f suf jzpfaeacsonf wum;/
wtHhwMo a&GwfoHrsm; xGufay:vmonf/
]]atmf ... vufpowfawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU om;rufudk;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl tMuD;tus,f tHhtm;oifhoGm;awmh\/ r,HkEkdifaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh vifrdefusuftm; Munfh
vkdufrd\/
]]b,fvdk jzpfoGm;wmygvdrfh/ t&ifwkef;u vifrdefusuf[m tifrwefat;aq;w,f? wnfMunfw,f/
pum;udk rvdk&ifrajymbl;/ ajym&ifvJ av;av;eufeuf ajymwwfw,f/ tckvdk olrsm;udk ceJYwJhpum;rsKd;?
t&SufcGJwJh pum;rsKd; b,fwkef;urS rajymcJhbl;zl; ... tckb,fvkdjzpfjyD; 'Dvdkpum;rsKd; ajym&wmvJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufwpfa,muf tHhMopzG,f ajymif;vJoGm;yHkudk pdwfraumif; jzpfrdonf rSefaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\
pdwfxJwGifrawmh &aohMuD; &dusD;udk odkY qufqHvkdufjcif;twGuf rsm;pGm auseyfoGm;rdonf/
&aohMuD; &dusD;onf xdkufqef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mMuD; xifrif;udk rw&m;aomenf;jzifh aoqHk;atmif vkyfcJhol
r[kwfygvm;/
aumufuspf,kwfrmolrsm;tzdkY t&SufwuGJ tusKd;enf;aprnfh pum;ESifhom xkdufwefonf[k rSwf,lrdonf/
&aohMuD; &dusD;u a'gowMuD;jzifh vifrdefusuftm; ...
]]a[h ... ighudk xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif; tESpfom& rodbl;qdkawmh rif;u odw,fayghav/ 'Ddvdkqdk&if
vmprf;yg/ tm;vHk;Munfh&jrif&atmif wpfuGuf ESpfuGufavmuf pum;jyygOD;}}
pum;u&Sif;onf/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;tESpfom& 0gqef;*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufu rnfodkY odEkdifrnf
enf;[k jyefvnf pdefac:vdkufjcif;om jzpfonf/
xdkpOf rdef;uav;oHwpfoH ay:xGufvmonf/
]]bmvJ .... &SifhavoHu wpfrsKd;ygvm;/ vifrdefusuf ajymwmudk &Sifu r,Hkbl;ayghav/}}
toH&Sif rdef;uav;rSm vdefvdefyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;awmhonf/
taMumif;rSm vdefvdef\odkif;ynmonf awmifxdyfwGif a&muf&Sdaeonfh rnfonfhxdyfoD; odkif;orm;ESifh
rQ ,SOfEdkifonfhtqifh r[kwfacs/ odkY&mwGif vdefvdef\ avoHonf wkdufyGJwGif;odkY 0ifa&mufvmawmhrnfh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
960
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avoHrsKd; jzpfaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ tHhMorIrqHk;rD vdefvdefonf "m;udkvG,fvsuf odkif;orm;rsm; tv,fodkY xGufvmawmhonf/
xGufvm&if;rSmyif nmzufvufjzifh aemufausmrS "m;udk ] Trf;} ueJjrnfatmif qGJxkwfvdkufonf/
]]uJ .. tck uRefru tck xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;udk oHk;jyD; &SifeJY wpfyGJwpfvrf; prf;Munfhr,f}}
vdefvdefonf &ufykcRef\ orD;jzpfaMumif;udk &aohMuD;&dusD; aumif;pGmod&Sdxm;onf/ &ufykcRefESifh
usdvifxef\ qufqHrI tajctaeudkvnf; tawmfav;odxm;onf/ txl;ojzihf usdvifxefu &ufykcReftm;
txl;tav;xm;aerSef;odonf/ xkdYaMumifh vdefvdefYtm; owfypfcsifaeaomfvnf; a'goudk zHk;tkyfxm;jyD;
cyfjyHK;jyHK;yif qufqHonf/
]]rif;wdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif; odyfaumif;w,fqdkwm ... ig odygw,f/ odkif;avmurSm 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU
"m;odkif;[m tawmfuav; ausmfMum;aywmyJ ... 'gayr,fh ....}}
]]qufajymyg .. &aohMuD;u bmajymcsifygovJ .. uRefrwdkY 0gqef; "m;odkif; odyfaumif;w,f 'gayr,fh
.... bmjzpfovJ}}
]]'gayr,fh .... 0gqef;*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufu igwdkY xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;udk upm;wwfw,f qdkwm
awmh 'DwpfcgyJ Mum;zl;ao;w,f}}
]]aMomf ... 'gu tqef;r[kwfygbl;/ uRefrtazu awmif 5 vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tjzpf qufcHawmh
r,fqdkawmh *dkPf;MuD; ig;*dkPf;&JU odkif;uGufawGudk avhvmxm;&wmaygh/ onfvkd ravhvmyJeJY awmifav;vHk;u
*dkPf;csKyfMuD; av;a,mufudk tEkdif wkdufEdkifkHeJYawmh awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; rjzpfxdkufao;bl; ...}}
]]uRefrajymwm &Sif;ygw,faemf/ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; vkyfr,fhvl[m *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;awGudk olwdkY *dkPf;awG&JU odkif;ynmeJY tEdkif,lEdkifrS obm0usr,fvkdY ajymwm}}
vdefvdef\ pum;rsm;rSm rsm;pGm jrifharmufvSacs\/ olru quf ...
]]*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU odkif;ynm toD;oD;udk uRrf;uRrf;usifusifwwfrSom awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyf
MuD;tjzpf cH,x
l kdufw,f}}
olr\ pum;qHk;onfESifh aumif;qef;awmifxyd f&Sd vltm;vHk;rSm kwfkwfoJoJ jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/
odkif;orm;tcsKdUu x atmf[pfMuawmhonf/
]]xdkufqef;*dkPf;? aumif;qef;*dkPf;? 0gqef;*dkPf;? [efqef;*dkPf;? csKHqef;*dkPf; awG&JU "m;odkif;tm;vHk;udk
q&mMuD; &ufykcRefu uRrf;uRrf;usifusif upm;wwfvdkYvm; ... upm;wwf&if upm;jyyg}}
&ufykcRefu xdkif&mrS uref;uwef; xvmjyD; toHukd jrifh &Sif;jyvdkufonf/
]]rdwfaqGwdkY .. usKyforD;u tawGUtBuHK trsm;MuD; Eke,fygao;w,f/ uav;pum;udk twnfr,lMuygeJY
... onf;cHMuyg .. onf;cHMuyg}}
okdYaomf vdefvdefurl ...
]]q&mMuD;usdvifxef .. wu,fvdkY q&mMuD;u *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;eJY usefwJh *dkPf;MuD;av;*dkPf;u
xdyfoD; odkif;orm;wkdif;udk Edkifatmif wdkufcdkufEdkifw,fqdk&if q&mMuD;udk awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyftjzpf
wifajrmufoifhw,f/ ... 'DvdkrS r[kwfyJ aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;wpfckwnf; awmfaekHeJYawmh awmifig;vHk;
*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD; rvkyfoifhao;bl;}}
awmifxdyfodkY a&mufaeaom okdif;orm;tm;vHk;\ pdwfxJwGif ...
]]'Drdef;uav;&JU pum;u r[kwfao;ygbl; ... olu rjzpfEdkifwmudk ajymaewmyJ/ olajymovdk
*dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;u "m;odkif;ynmeJY tJonf*dkPf;u vlawGudk tEdkif,l wkdufcdkufEdkifr,fqdk&if ... 'DvlYavmuf
odkif;ynmawmfwho
J l &Sdygawmhrvm; .. 'Davmufawmif awmfae&ifawmh olyJ *dkPf;csKyf jzpfoifhawmhwmaygh/
'gayr,fh ... 'DvkdvlrsKd;u r&SdEdkifbl;}}
olwdkY tm;vHk;\ pdwfxJwGif xdktawG; wpfckwnf;om ysHUESHYaeMuawmhonf/ tawG;u rjywfEkdif/
]]vlwpfa,muf[m awmfw,f? uRrf;usifw,fqdk&if udk,fh*dkPf;&JU odkif;ynmrSmyJ awmfEdkifw,f/
uRrf;usifEdkifw,f/ 'gawmifrS wcsKdUu tpGrf;ukef wwfuRrf;Muwm r[kwfbl;/ ... olrsm;*dkPf;&JU odkif;ynmudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
961
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
uRrf;usifzdkY qdkwmawmh rajymeJYawmh ...

]]tck onfrdef;uav; ajymaewmu wpf*dkPf;wnf;awmif r[kwfbl; ... *dkPf;ig;*dkPf;&JU odkif;ynmqdkawmh
b,frSm jzpfEdkifyghrvJ}}
usdvifxefrSmvnf; tjyif;txef pOf;pm;ae&awmhonf/
]]&ufykcRefuawmh odyfr[kwfawmhbl;/ olYorD;udk bmjzpfvdkY 'Dpum;rsKd; ajymcdkif;&ovJ/ ... 'grsKd;qdkwm
taMumif;rJh ajymwm rjzpfEdkifbl;/ ... olu bmvJ? bmudk &nf&G,faewmvJ/ bmawG MuHaeovJ/ ... *dkPf;csKyf
ae&mudk ighqDuvkzdkY BuHG,faewmvm;/ 'grS r[kwf&if bmoabmvJ}}
xdkpOf &aohMuD; &dusD;u ...
]]q&mMuD; &ufykcRefuom *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;pvHk;&JU "m;okdif;ynmawGudk wwfuRrf;r,fqdk&if odkif;avmu
rSm rMuHKpzl; tjzpfxl;MuD;wpfckaygh/ aemif tESpfwpf&mtwGif; ... tESpfwpf&mrajymygeJY .. tESpf oHk;&m av;&m
twGif;rSmawmif onftjzpfrsKd; xyfBuHK&rSm r[kwfbl; ... uJ ... 'gawG xm;vdkufygav/ igu rif;eJY
xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;uGufawGudk upm;Munfhcsifw,f}}
vdefvdefonf "m;udk "m;tdrfxJ jyefxnfhxm;onf jzpf&mrS xdkpum;udk Mum;aomtcg olYaemufausmrS
"m;udk Trf;ueJ qGJxkwfvdkufawmh\/ vdefved f\ trlt&mrSm &dusD;udk rxDav;pm; EdkifvGef;vSonf/
,if;udk jrif&aom &dusD;rSm tvGefw&m a'goxGuf vmawmhonf/ cufxefpGm vSrf;atmfajymvdkufonf/
]]igu rif;tazxufawmif 0gMuD;ao;w,f/ ... rif;vdk rdef;uav;u igha&SUrSm "m;qGJxkwf&Jovm; ...
rif;&JU tjyKtrlawGu apmfum;vGef;w,f}}
vdefvdef\ trlt&mwkdYrSm armufrmvGef;vSojzifh odkY cyfxefxefuav; ajymvdkufvQif &ufykcRefonf
olYorD;udk atmf[pfaigufirf; wm;jrpfrnf[k &dusD;u ,lqxm;onf/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefurl acgif;udk wGifwGifcg ajymvkdufonfrSm ...
]]orD;u bmrS em;rvnfbl;udk; .... orD;vkyfaewJh t"dyg,fudk orD;od&JUvm;/ &aohMuD; &dusD;qdkwm
xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU tifrwef 0gpOfMuD;wJh odkif;q&mMuD; ... olYudkawmif orD;u xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;eJY
oGm;,SOfr,f ... [kwfvm; ... [kwfrS vkyfyg orD;&,f}}
&ufykcRef\ pum;rSm vdefvdefUudk wm;jrpfovdkvdkESifh ajrmufyifhay;aom pum;om jzpfonf/
&aohMuD; &dusD;u vdefvdefYudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/
vdefvdefonf nmzufvuf&Sd"g;udk ajrMuD;ay:odkY cyfapmif;apmif; udkifxm;onf/ b,fvufacsmif;rsm;url
wpfckcsif;auG; wpfpHkwpfckudk a&wGuaf e[efwl\/ rnfonfudk a&wGufaerSef;awmh rnfolrQ rodMuacs/
odkYaomf &aohMuD; &dusD;uawmh aumif;aumif;MuD; odvdkufojzifh xdwfvefYwkefvIyf oGm;avawmh\/
[dk; twdwfwkef;u tjzpftysufwpfck ....
xdkpOfwkef;u olYq&monf olYudk xdkufqef;*dkPf;\ tcufcJ teufeJqHk;aom "m;uGufwpfuGufudk oifay;
&ef MudK;pm;cJhzl;onf/
xkd"g;uGuf\ wkdufcdkufyHk enf;pepfrSm vGefpGm pepfusevS\/ pepfusvGef;ojzifhvnf; rsm;pGm cufcJ eufeJ
jcif; jzpfayawmhonf/
xkd"m;uGuu
f dk oHk;rnfqdkvQif t&rf;uma&m rwdkufcdkuf&/ &efol\ tuGmta0;? t&yftarmif;? ae&m
taetxm;? "m;twdkt&Snf ponfwkdYudk tptqHk; aocsmpGm wGufcsufjyD;rS wkdufcdkuf&onf/
wkdufcdkufwdkif;vnf; rxdcdkufonf? 'Pf&mr&onf[l r&Sd? xdcu
dk f'Pf&m &onfcsnf;om/
odkY&mwGif xkd"m;uGufrSm wGufcsuf& tvGefcufcJvSjyD; olYq&mudk,fwdkifyif ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif rwwfuRrf;ay/
&aohMuD; &dusD;tzdkY ydk cufcJ eufeJvSayawmhonf/ xdk"m;uGufudk oifvdkvSonf rSefaomfvnf; IyfaxG;vGef;
vSojzihf aemufqHk; vufavQmhvdkuf&onf/
xdk"m;uGuu
f dk &aohMuD; &dusD; roifcJh&acs/ ,ckrl vdefvdeo
f nf vufacsmif;rsm;jzifh a&wGufaeacsjyD/
olrwwfuRrf;onfh "m;uGufudk vdefvdefu wwfuRrf;xm;onfudk awGYvdkuf&aom &aohMuD; &dusD;rSm
tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefY wkefvIyfoGm;avawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
962
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
acR;oD; acR;aygufrsm;yif usvmcJhacsjyD/ tu,f vdefvdefuom kwfw&uf wkdufcdkufvmcJhvQif

xdk"m;uGufudk rnfuJhodkY ajz&rnfudk ol rodacs/
olYq&mxHrS tyifyef;cH roifcJh&jcif;twGuf ,ckrS aemifw &aerdawmh\/
]]ig ... ig ... onftwkdif; &yfjyD; jidrfcHaevdkYawmh rjzpfawmhbl;/ vSnfhywfavQmufajy;aerS olaoaocsmcsm
wGufcsufvdkYr&rSm/ 'Dtwdkif; taoMuD; &yfaevdkYuawmh wGufcsuf&vG,fjyD; ighudk wkdufcdkuf tEdkif,loGm;
vdrfhr,f}}
&aohMuD; &dusD;u olYajcaxmufrsm;udk pwifvIyf&Sm;avawmhonf/ vdefvdefYudk vSnfhywfajy;&ef [efjyif
vdkufonf/ odkYaomf olaemufusoGm;ayjyD/
vdefvdefu "g;csufig;csuf xdk;oGi;f wkdufcdkufvdkufawmh\/
xdk"m;csufrsm;udk jrifvdkuf&aom xkduq
f ef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm ][if} ueJ? ][m} ueJ jzpfoGm;Muawmh\/
xdk"m;csufig;csufonf xkdufqef;*dkPf;\ "m;csufrsm; jzpfaekHrQom ruao;/ vdefvdef\ vufxJ
aMumufrufzG,f&m xufjrufeufeJ aeaomaMumifhwnf;/
vdefvdefonf uref;uwef; yHkysufyef;ysuf ckcHumuG,fae&aom &aohMuD; &dusD;udk Munfhum ceJYjyHK;jyHK;
]]b,fvdkvJ &aohMuD; .. 'D"m;uGufawG[m &SifwdkY xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;uGufawG r[kwfvm;}}
&aohMuD;rSm pum;yif jyefrajymEdkifawmhacs/ xdkpOfrSmyif vdefvdefu avwpfcsufcRefum xyfrH wkdufcdkuf
jyefawmhonf/ &aohMuD; &dusD;xHrS ]tm;} ueJ atmfoHwpfcsuf xGufvmjyD; nmzuf&ifywfwGif wpfcsuf txdk;cH
vdkuf&awmhonf/
xdkYaemufaysmhacG vJusoGm;awmh\/
odkif;orm; {nfhonftm;vHk;wkdif;vkdvdku vufckyfwD; Mobmay;Muavawmhonf/ ,ckuJhodkY i,fi,f
G,fG,f rdef;uav; wpfa,mufu xdkufqef;*dkPf;\ 0gpOfMuD; yk*dKvfwpfa,muftm; xdkufqef;*dkPf;\
"m;odkif;jzifh tEdkifwkdufcdkufEdkifvdkufjcif;rSm trSefyif csD;usL;p&m aumif;vSayawmhonf/
usdvifxefonf xdkufqef;*dkPf;rS xdyfoD; odkif;orm; rsm;ESifh rsufvHk;csif; qHkvdkufrdonf/ olwkdYtm;vHk;
EIwfrS pum; rajymrdMu/ odkYaomf wpfa,mufukd wpfa,muf pdwfxJrS ajymrdaeMuonf/
]]'Drdef;uav;&JU "m;uGufu wu,fyJ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;uGufawGyJ/ 'gwifrubl; ... xl;jcm;csuf
wpfckvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;uGufawGu b,fES,fh 'Davmuf xl;jcm;xufjruf aumif;rGef
ae&wmvJ/ ... tif; .. orD;awmif onfavmuf uRrf;usifae&if tazvkyfwJh &ufykcRefudk,fwkdifawmh
b,favmufxdatmif avhusifhxm;rvJ rodbl;/ ... tif; ... &ufykcRefu tm;vHk;udk MudKwifjyifqifxm;wmudk;}}
vdefvdef\ "m;uGufrsm;udk jrifvdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm tHhMowkefvIyfonfxuf r,HkEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;
&onf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdk"m;uGufrsm;rSm 0gqef;awmifxdyf ausmuf*leH&Hay:wGif awGUcJh&onfh "m;uGufrsm;
yif jzpfaeaomaMumifhwnf;/
odkYaomf xdkausmufvdkPfacgif;taMumif;udk rnfol wpfOD; wpfa,mufudkrQ vifh[lcsKH; rajymjycJh/ xkdae&mrS
xGufvmpOfuvnf; vdkPfacgif;\ taygufudk aocsmpGm jyefydwfxm;cJhonf/ ... vdefvdefonf tb,fodkYaom
enf;vrf;jzifh xkdvdkPfacgif;udk awGYjrif oGm;cJhoenf;/
vifh[lcsKH;onf xkdvdkPfacgif;twGif; &ufaygif;? vaygif;rsm;pGm aexkdifvmcJholjzpf&m *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;\
"m;odkif;uGufrsm; tm;vHk;udk tvGwf&rwwf odjrifcJh&onf/ ,if;aMumifhyif vdefvdef\ "m;uGufrsm;udk
jrifvdkufonfESifh csufcsif; rSwfrdvkdufjcif; jzpfawmhonf/ onf"m;uGufrsm;udk olYtaejzifh rarhEdki/f
xdktcdkuf ydefydefyg;yg;ESifh vlMuD; wpfa,muf xGufvmjyD; ...
]]q&mMuD; &ufykcRefu *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;awG tukefvHk;udk uRrf;usif wwfajrmufw,fqdkwJh
udp[m ... odkif;avmurSm wu,fhudk tHhMozG,f&m tjzpfxl;MuD; wpf&yfygyJ/ usKyftaeeJY usKyfwkdY *dkPf;&JU
"m;odkif;udk ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm avhvmcJhw,f/ ... 'gayr,fh tckxufxd rydkifEdkifao;bl;/ wcsKdUae&mawGrSm vHk;0udk
em;rvnfwmawG &Sdw,f/ tckawmh tawmfyJ ... q&mMuD; &ufykcRefu usKyfwkdY*dkPf;&JU "m;okdif; tESpfom&
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
963
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awGudkvnf; wwfxm;rSmyJqkdawmh q&mMuD; &ufykcRefudkyJ ar;&awmhrSmyJ}}

,if;um; tjcm;olr[kwf/ xl;jcm; qef;Mu,faom pdwfxm;&Sdonfh csKHqef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mMuD; armfwm;yif
wnf;/
vdefvdefonf q&mMuD;armfwm;udk tdktao wpfcsufay;vdkufjyD; ...
]]q&mMuD; ... nmnmwmwm wkdufckdufygaemf/ uRefru csKHqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;odkif;udkawmh enf;enf;yg;yg;yJ
wwfxm;wmyg}}
pum; trSefw&m; rnfrQ yg0ifoenf;/
csKHqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; wpfa,muftm; ,SOfjydKifwdkufcdkuf&Jol wpfa,mufonf csKHqef;*dkPf;\ "m;odkif;ynm
udk enf;enf;yg;yg;om wwfxm;onfqdkonfrSm rSefuefEdkifyghrnfavm/
q&mMuD;armfwm;onf &ufykcRefudk pdefac:vdkufjcif;omjzpf\/ odkYaomf vdefvdefu olYzciftpm; 0if
,SOfjydKifvmojzifh rjiif;omawmhay/ vdefvdeYzf ufodkY vSnfh ...
]]awmfw,f/ ... rif;vnf; csD;usK;p&m aumif;wmygyJ}}
]]uRefruawmh q&mMuD;udk tEdkif&zkdY rvG,fygbl;/ q&mMuD;&JU "m;odkif;ynm b,favmuf aumif;w,f
qdkwm vlwkdif;odaewmyJ/ ... uRefrIH;oGm;&ifawmh tazyGJqif; vmrSmaygh}}
q&mMuD; armfwm;u at;at;aq;aq;yif &Sdaeonf/
]]'Davmuf &J&J0Hh0Hh ,SOf&Juwnf;u rif;rSm udk,fcH b,favmuf&Sdaew,fqdkwm jyaewmyJ ... rif;taeeJY
ighudk Edkif Ekdifygw,f}}
olu "m;udk qGJxkwfvdkufjyD; avxJwGif wpfcsuf wkefcgapvdkuf&m avvIdif;wkefcgoHESpfcsuf xGufay:vm
awmh\/
"m;csufESpfcsuf ckwfvdkufjcif;om jzpfawmh\/
aMumufrufzG,f&m "m;csufrsm;aywum;/
vdefvdefonf uref;uwef; ckcH&ef jyifqifvkdufonf/
odkYaomf olr vIyf&Sm;rI rjyK&ao;rD q&mMuD;armfwm;rSm vdefvdef\aemufzufodkY kwfw&uf a&mufoGm;
avawmhonf/
vdefvdefu udk,fudk csufcsif;vSnfhvdkufjyefonf/
xkdw'*F twGif;rSmyif avwkd;oH ESpfcsufMum;vdkuf&jyD; rsufpdxJ qHyifrsm; zGmueJ vGifhysHvmonfudk
awGUvdkuf&onf/
vdefvdefodvdkufjyD/ q&mMuD;armfwm;onf olrtm; nmvdkufjcif;omjzpfonf/ qHyiftpm; vnfwdkifudkom
ckwfcsvdkufygu ,ckqdkvQif olrrSm acgif;wjcm;? udk,fwjcm; jzpfaeavmufayjyD/
tpydkif; wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;oGm;aomfvnf; vdefvdefY acgif;xJ csufcsif;yif tMuHwpfck ay:vmawmh
onf/
]]q&mMuD; armfwm;u ighudk nmjyD; wkdufcdkufaewmyJ ... olYodkif;ynmu wu,fudk aumif;wm/ igb,fvkd
vkyf ckcHEdkifrSmvJ/ olYtaeeJY wu,fwkdufcdkurf ,fqdk&if ighacgif;jywfaewm MumvSjyD ... olu ighudk rxdcdkuf
atmif nSmaewmqdkawmh 'gudk tcGifhta&;,ljyD; olYudk w&Murf; 0ifwkdufvY&dk jyD}}
odkYjzifh q&mMuD; armfwm;\ "m;csufrsm;udk vdefvdefu vHk;0 rckcHawmhay/ a&Smifwdrf;jcif; tvsOf;r&SdyJ
olru "m;csuf ESpfcsuf jyefvnf xkwfvdkufonf/
q&mMuD; armfwm;taejzifh tvGefw&m tHhMooGm;&onf/ olY"m;csufrsm;udk ra&SmifaomaMumifh r[kwfacs/
vdefvdef\ "m;uGufrsm;onf trSefwu,fyif csKHqef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGufrsm; jzpfaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/
csKHqef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGuf jzpfkHrQomru ... xdyfoD; vQKdU0Sufxm;aom cufcJ eufeJvSonfh "m;uGufrsm;
vnf; jzpfaeayao;onf/
vdefvdefYudk pwif wkdufcdkufpOfu q&mMuD;armfwm; taejzifh rIavmufp&m[k oabmrxm;cJhacs/ tcsdef
tenf;i,f tawmtwGif; aMumufvefY tIH;ay;oGm;rnf[k wGufqum avQmhavQmhayghaygh wkdufcdkufcJhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
964
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdef\ "g;csufESpfcsufudk awGYvdku&f aomtcg tenf;i,f &ifxdwfoGm;&onf/ pdwfxJwGiv

f nf; ...
]]b,fvdkygvdrfh ... 'Drdef;uav;u igwdkY csKHqef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGuf awGudk b,fenf;eJY wwfaeygvdrfh ...
tawmftHhMop&m aumif;aeygvm;}}
vdefvdef\ "m;csufrsm;udk q&mMuD; armfwm;u txl;*kpdkuf jyefvnf ckcHvdkuf&onf/ tpyxrwGif
q&mMuD; taejzihf vdefvdefYudk vQyfwpfjyuf wkdufcdkuf tompD; &aeonfrSm rSefonf/ odkYaomf ...
,ck uav;wpfa,mufu vlMuD; wpfa,mufudk EGJUqkd;qdk; wkdufcdkufovdk vdefvdefu wkdufcdkufvmaom
tcg tawmfyif tcuftcJ awGUvm&awmhonf/
&efoltm; nmwmrdojzifh awGY&aom tcuftcJyifwnf;/
olwkdY ESpfa,muf oHk;pGJaom "m;uGufrsm;rSm csKHqef;*dkPf;\ xdyfwef;vQKdU0Suf "m;uGufrsm;csnf;om jzpf&m
odkif;orm; y&dowfrsm; tm;vHk; wtHhwMo ai;arm MunfhaeMu &awmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
965
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
twdwfZmwfaMumif;
wkdufyGJonf wjznf;jznf;ESifh tIH;rS tEdkifodkY ajymif;vJvmawmh\/
vdefvdefonf odkif;tm;wGif q&mMuD; armfwm;udk ,SOf r&acs/
odkY&mwGif q&mMuD; armfwm;u rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudk nmwmaomtm;jzifh odkif;tm;udk rxkwfyJ
"m;uGufoufoufjzifhom vdefvdefYudk ckcHae\/
vdefvdef\ "m;uGufrsm;rSm omrn "m;uGufrsm;r[kwfyJ csKHqef;*dkPf;\ cufcJeufeJaom "m;uGufrsm;
jzpfaeojzifh q&mMuD; armfwm;rSm ckcH&if; acR;rsm; xGufvmawmhonf/
vdefvdef\ "m;uGufrsm;udk Munf&if;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwftxifrSm aocsmonfxuf aocsmvmawmhonf/
olr\ "m;uGufrsm;tm;vHk;rSm 0gqef;awmifxdyf vdkPfacgif;xJrS "m;uGufrsm;yif jzpfawmh\/ tjcm;olrsm;
taejzihf onf"m;uGufrsm;udk rodaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;taejzifhrl aumif;pGmodaeonf/ wGif pOf;pm;p&m
rsm;vnf; xyf ay:vmjyefawmhonf/
]]nDrav;u bmjzpfvdkY awmifxdyu
f dk oGm;&wmvJ/ ... awmfawmfav;awmh pOf;pm;& usyfwmyJ/ ... q&meJY
q&mruawmh olYudk odyfcspfMuwm ... awmifxdyfay:rSmawmh wpfa,mufwnf; tusOf;cs 'PfcwfrSm r[kwf
ygbl;}}
0gqef;awmifxdyfu vdkPf*lodkY vdefvdef rnfonfh enf;jzifh a&mufEdkifonfudk txyfxyf awG;aerdonf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf rnfokdYrQ pOf;pm; r&EdkifyJ jzpfae\/
]]tJ'D awmifxdyfu igwkdY aetdrfawGeJY tawmfuav; a0;wmyJ/ 'gwifru c&D;uvnf; odyfMurf;wm/ ...
rdef;uav; wpfa,mufwnf; awmifxdyfay:udk oGm;aezdkYqdkwm b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEdkifbl;/ ... wpfckawmh&Sdw,f/
vifrdefusufrsm; tjypfwpfckck usL;vGefvdkufovm; rodbl;/ ... vifrdefusufu 'Pfay;cH&vdkY nDrav;u
vdkufwufoGm;wm jzpfEkdifw,f/}}
awG;&if;jzifh twdwfZmwfaMumif;rsm;udk jyefvnf owd&vmojzifh &ifxJrS qGwfysHYvIyf&Sm; vmrdawmhonf/
vdefvdefESifh ywfoufvmvQif olYwGif awG;awm owd&p&mrsm; ajrmufjrm;pGm &SdaecJhonf r[kwyf gvm;/
]]vifrdefusuf[m pum;enf;jyD; tifrwef wnfjidrfav;eufwJh vli,fav;yJ/ ighvdkaygufwwfu&awG
avQmufvkyfr,fh vlrsKd;r[kwfbl;/ 'Dawmh ol[m tjypfusL;vGefp&m bmtaMumif;rS r&Sdbl; ...}}
xdkokdY awG;ae&if; zswfueJ ... udk,fhzufudk,f,ufonfh tawG;wpfck 0ifvmawmh\/
]]nDrav;u ... igh ... ighudk ...}}
uref;uwef;yif tawG;pudk jzwfypfvdkuf&onf/ wpfudk,fwnf; a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]rjzpfEkdifbl; ... igawG;ovdk b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEdkifbl;}}
xdkpOf olYa&SUodkY vlwpfa,muf vm&yfaeaMumif; kwfw&uf odvdkufojzifh armhMunfhvdkufrdonf/ tjcm;ol
r[kwf ndKrnf;aom rsufESm&Sifyifwnf;/ xdkolu awmufy pl;&Saom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf Munfhum
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
966
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ar;vkdufonf/
]]bmawG pOf;pm;aewmvJ}}
xdktar;pum;onf tawG;wdrfvTm pD; vGifharsmaeaom vifh[lcsKH;udk vSefYEId;vdkufjcif; jzpfawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ol\ ypub0udk kwfw&uf owd&vmjyD; ...
]]ig ... ig ... ig ...}}
xkdpum;rSvGJ rnfonfhpum;ukdrQ ajymrxGufEdkifyJ jzpfaeonf/
xdktcdkufrSmyif "m;csif;kdufcwfoH wpfcsufudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ wpfqufwnf;rSmyif vdefvdef\ atmfoH
wpfcsufudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;\ tmkHonf wkdufyJGtwGif;odkY jyefvnf a&muf&SdoGm;awmhonf/
vdefvdef\ "m;rSm vGifhpOfxGufoGm;cJhavjyD/ vlrSmvnf; ajcacsmfum vJusoGm;awmhonf/
q&mMuD;armfwm;onf ol\ "m;udk qufroHk;awmhyJ olr\ ykcHk;em;odkYom csdefxm;jyD; jyHK; ajymvdkuf\/
]]wlrav; ... bmrS aMumufraeeJY/ rwfwwf&yfvdkuf}}
xdkpOfrSmyif zswfueJ toHwpfcskuf Mum;vdkuf&jyD; q&mMuD; armfwm;\ "m;rSm cg;vnfrS usKd;oGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihw
f uG odkif;orm; tm;vHk;rSm yg;pyfta[mif;om; jzpfukefMuawmhonf/
taMumif;&if;rSm vdefvdefonf vJusoGm;onfESifh ajrjyifay:rS ausmufcJESpfvHk;udk aumufudkifvdkufum
vufwGifnyf "m;dk;udk dkufcsKd;vdkufjcif; jzpfawmh\/ "m;usKd;oGm;onfEiS fh nmzufvufwGif udkifxm;aom
cJvHk;jzifh q&mMuD;armfwm;\ &ifywfudk ypfayguf vdkufavawmh\/
q&mMuD; armfwm;\ kwfw&uf tHhMooGm;rIrSm pmrzGJYEdkifatmifyif jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ olY"m; tcsKd;cHvdkuf
&aomtcg r,HkEkdifaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh "m;usKd;udk ai;Munfhaerdonf/
tcsdefwGif ajy;0ifvmaom cJvHk;udk ra&SmifEdkifawmyJ &ifywfwGif xdrSefcHvdkuf&awmh\/ jyif;xefvSaom
ausmufcJt&SdefaMumifh q&mMuD; armfwm;rSm ]a0gh} ueJ aoG;rsm; xdk;tefrdawmhonf/
tjzpftysufrSm w'*Fav;wGif jzpfysufoGm;jcif; jzpf tm;vHk; rifoufrdum ai;aMumif aeMuawmhonf/
q&mMuD; armfwm;onf vdefvdefYtm; tnmwmvGefcJhonfhtwGuf cHvkduf&acsjyDwnf;/ vlwkdif;u ,if;odkY
yif od&Sdem;vnfvdkufMuonf/
vdefvdefYudk q&mMuD; armfwm;u aumif;pGm tEdkif&cJhjyD;ayjyD/ vJusaeoludk quf rwkdufcdkufyJ iJhnm vdkuf
jcif;omjzpf\/
odkYaomf vdefvdef\ ausmufcJudk aumufudkif wkdufcdkufvdkufaom wkdufuGufrSm tvGefw&m xl;qef;euf
eJvS\/ odkY wkdufcdkufEdkifvdrhfrnf[k rnfolurQ arQmfvifhrxm;Muacs/ ,if;aMumifhyifvQif q&mMuD;
armfwm;taejzihf ajy;0ifvmaom ausmufcJudk ra&Smifwdrf; Edkif&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,mufrSmrl tajctaeudk aumif;pGm odaerdonf/ vdefvdef oHk;vkdufonfh tuGufrSm
csKH;qef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGufudk zsufaomtuGufjzpfonf/ ,if;aMumifhyif q&mMuD; armfwm;uJhodkYaom olyif
ra&Smifwdrf;EdkifyJ 'Pf&m&oGm;jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
xkdpOf &ufykcRefonf csufcsif;ckefxGuv
f mjyD; vdefvdef\ yg;udk zsef;ueJ jrnfatmif dkufcsvdkufawmhonf/
olonf tawmfyif a'goxGufae[ef wlonf/ yg;pyfrSvnf; atmf[pf aigufirf;vdkufonf/
]]vdefvdef .. eifw,frdkufdkif;aeygvm;/ q&mMuD;armfwm;u eifhudk 'Davmuf nmaewmawmif eifu
q&mMuD;udk 'Dvdk vkyf&ovm;/ igdkufvdkuf&&if aoawmhr,f}}
,if;aemuf olu q&mMuD; armfwm;udk qGJxlvdkufum pdwfraumif;jcif;MuD;pGmjzifh awmif;yefaeonf/
]]aemifMuD; ... cGifhvTwfyg/ usKyf tEl;tnTwfawmif;yefygw,f/ usKyforD; rdkufdkif;vdkY tckvdk jzpf&wmyg/
... usKyfvnf; rqHk;r ryJhjyifwwfwJh rdbyg}}
q&mMuD; armfwm;u rcsdjyHK; jyHK;&if;rS ...
]]olYudk tjypfrwifygeJYav/ olu usKyfudk xdkufxkdufwefwef tEdkif,loGm;wmyg/}}
q&mMuD; armfwm;u pum;rsm;rsm; rqdkawmhacs/ pdwfxJwGifvnf; rsm;pGm xdcdkufoGm;[ef&do
S nf/
csKHqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u olwdkY q&mMuD;udk vma&muf wGJac:oGm;Mu\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
967
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefu olYorD;tm; 0if;0if;awmufaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifhMunfhum vlMum;xJodkY jyef0ifoGm;avawmh\

vdefvdefrSmvnf; jyKrSm;rdaom tjyKtrltwGuf tawmfuav; cHvkduf&\/ olr\ jzLazG;aom yg;jyif
uav;rSm csufcsif;yif ododomomMuD; eD&Ja,mifudkif;vmonfudk tm;vHk;awGUMu&\/ &ufykcRef\ dkufcsuf
tvGefjyif;xefaMumif; jyoaejcif;yifwnf;/
vdefvdefrSm tHudk wif;wif;Mudwfxm;aomfvnf; rsuf&nfawGawG usqif;ae\/ EIwfcrf;udk jywfrwwf
udkufxm;jyD; tvGefw&m rmeMuD;aom trlt&mrsm;vnf; ay:ae\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm tvGefw&m xl;qef;thHMo
aeawmh\/
]]nDrav;[m t&ifwkef;ueJY vHk;0 rwlawmhygvm; .. t&ifwkef;u ig&Sdwkef;uqdk&if ... nDrav;
odyfaqmhvYkd q&meJY q&mru qlvdkufv&kdY Sd&if olYrsufESmav;[m oem;p&m odyfaumif;wmyJ}}
]]igu enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJY olYudk acsmhcJh&wm ... tckawmh olYudk acsmharmhr,fhol wpfa,mufrS r&Sdawmhbl;/
tm;vHk;u *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;yJ pdwf0ifpm;aeMuw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY tHMudwfjyD;awmh rmeMuD;wJh rsufESmrsKd; jzpfae
wmvm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ tawG;rsm;rSm rjywfyJ vdefvdefESifh ywfouf w0Jvnfvnf awG;aerdawmhonf/
]]tif; ... t&ifwkef;uawmh vdefvdef pdwftaysmfqHk;tcsdefawG[m igeJY "m;odkif;upm;MuwJh tcsdefav;awG
yJ/ tckawmh olYcrsm odyfjyD; pdwfqif;&Jaew,f/ olpdwfcsrf;omatmif igvkyfay;&r,f/ oleJY "m;okdif;jydKif&if;
vlawG rodatmif wpfenf; wpfvrf;eJY avQmhay;vdkuf&r,f/ 'grS olYpdwfxJrSm aysmfaysmfTifTif jzpfvmrSm}}
,cif;u olYpdwfxJwGif rIefrIef0g;0g; jzpfaeaom tb,faMumifh vdefvdefwpfa,muf 0gqef;awmifxyd fodkY
wufoGm;&onf [laom jyemrSm wjznf;jznf; MunfvifvmayjyD/
]]tif; vdefvdef 0gqef;awmifxyd fay:wufwm vufrxyfcif tcsdefuav;rSm jzpfrSmyJ ... olYtay:rSm
ighavmuf tEGHtwmcHEdkifwJhol r&Sdbl;/ igu olYtay: b,favmuf aumif;cJhw,fqkdwmudk owd&jyD; awmifay:
wufoGm;wm jzpfr,f}}
awmifxdyfay:rSm olMumMum raezl;qdk&if b,fenf;eJYrS ausmufvdkPfacgif;0udk olawGYrSm r[kwfbl;/ ...
'Dvdkqdk&if ... awmifxdyfay:rSm olaewm tcsdefwdkwdkav; rjzpfEdkifawmhjyefbl;/ aemufjyD; awmifay:wufwm
uvnf; wpfMudrfwpfcgwnf;urSm r[kwfbl;}}
pOf;pm;&if;rS vifrdefusufudk awGYvdu
k f&aom tcg tawG;e,fcsJUrdjyefonf/
]]vifrdefusufeJY vdefvdef[m vufxyfjyD;cgprSm cspfcifMuifem oifhw,f/ tckawmh b,fES,fh jzpfaewmvJ/
vdefvdefwpfa,muf tdkufcH&wJhtcgrsKd;rSm olYa,mufsm;uxGufjyD; acsmhoifhwmaygh/ tenf;qHk;awmh vIyfvIyf
&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoGm;&r,f/ ... tckawmh vifrdefusufu oleJY bmrSrqkdifovdk ausmufkyfvdk &yfaeygvm;/ ...
bmaMumifhvJ}}
ol\nDrav; vdefvdefwpfa,muf jyefvnfpdwfcsrf;omatmif vkyfay;vdkaomqErsm; vifh[lcsKH;\
&ifxJwGif wzGm;zGm; ay:vmawmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwiG f aumif;qef;awmifxdyfudk 0gqef;awmifxdyfMuD;tjzpf jrifa,mifvmonf/ oluvnf;
,ckuJhodkY [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vifh[lcsKH; r[kwfawmh/ 0gqef;*dkPf;\ vifh[lcsKH; jzpfoGm;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;u tjyifodkY avQmufxGufvmawmhonf/
olYtaejzifh olrudk pdwfcsrf;omatmif vkyfrnfqdkvQif a&S;OD;pGm ,kwd,kwm &Sd&Sd wkdufcdkufjy&ayOD;rnf/
IH;vQifjyD;a&m tIH;ay;vdkuf rjzpf/ ydyd&d&dESifh IH;oifh IH;oGm;ygonf[k trsm;jrifatmif tIH;ay;&rnf/
]]vdefvdef ... rif;u xkdufqef;*dkPf;csKyfeJY csKHqef;*dkPf;csKyf awGudk tEdkif,lvkdufawmh rif;&JU pGrf;&nfu
rao;ygvm;/ rif;&JU "m;odkif;u w,faumif;aewmyJ/ tckqdk&ifawmh [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfwJh igeJY ,SOf&r,f/
jydKifwJhtcgrSmvJ igwdkY [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;okdif;eJYyJ NyKdif&r,f/}}
vdefvdefonf ajrMuD;ay:wGif pdkuf0ifaeaom olr\"m;udk qGJ,lvdkufjyD; olr\cEmudk,fudk vSnfhvdkuf
onf/ acgif;udk vHk;0 rarmh/ ajrjyifokYd a&S;Ium iHkYxm;jyD; wpfpHkwpfckudk awG;awm pOf;pm;ae[ef &Sdonf/
twefMumrS olr\ OD;acgif;udk armhvdkufonf/ olr\ rsufESm wpfckvHk;rSm &J&JeDaeonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
968
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&Sifu wu,fhwu,fawmh [efqef;*dkPf;urS r[kwfwm ... [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "g;okdif;udk b,fwwfrvJ/

'Dawmh [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;okdif;eJY b,fvkd jyKdifrvJ}}
]][efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfaewJhaemufawmh [efqef;*dkPf;&JU"m;okdif;udk wwf&awmhrSmaygh/
tckigu
[efqef;*dkPf;udk udk,fpm;jyKaeawmh [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "m;okdif;udkoHk;r,f/ tu,f igu wjcm;*dkPf;&JU
"m;okdif;udk oHk;rd&if igtIH;/ rif;uvnf; ighudk wjcm;*dkPf;&JU odkif;eJY rjydKif&bl;}}
onfpum;rSm wrifajym vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ odkif;ynmrSm vdefvdefESifhqdkvQif rdk;ESifhajryrm uGmjcm;aerSef; vlwkdif;odMuonf/ xdkodkY
omvsufeSifh tIH;ay;vdkufvQif vlwdkif;odoGm;rnf? vdefvdefvnf; &dyfrdoGm;rnf/
xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;okdif;jzihfom vdefvdefYudk ,SOfjydKifwdkufcdkufrnf/
tenf;i,f tusOf;tusyf MuHKonfESifh ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;udk xkwfok;H um vdefvdefYudk tEdkif,lvdkufrnf/
,if;odkYqdkvQif rdrdcsrSwfcJhonfh pnf;urf;udk azmufzsufjyD; jzpfoGm;ayjyD/ Edkifaomfvnf; IH;oGm;vdrfhrnf/
taMumif;rSm [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;odkif;rS tyjzpfaom "m;odkif;udk oHk;um Ekdifvkdufjcif; jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/
xkduJhodkY ydyd&d&d tIH;ay;vQif vlwkdif; vufcH Muayvdrhfrnf/ olYtawG;ESifhol vifh[lcsKH;u auseyfoGm;
onf/
xkdpOf vdefvdefu ...
]]aumif;jyD? 'Dvdk qdk&if NyKdifr,f}}
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh olru "m;udk a0SY,rf; vifh[lcsKH;udk pwifwdkufcdkufavawmhonf/
olr\ "m;uGufudk jrifonfESifh [efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&ifrsm;xHrS ][if} ueJ tmar#dwfoH xGufvmav
awmh\/ onf"m;uGufudk olwdkYtm;vHk; aumif;pGm od&SdaeMuonf/ ,if;rSm vifh[lcsKH; [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf
vkyfjyD;rS rdrdwdkYtm; oifay;cJhonfh "m;uGufrsm;xJrS wpfuGuf jzpfaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl wkefYqkdif;jcif; tvsOf;r&SdyJ [efqef;*dkPf;\ omref"m;uGuf wpfuGufjzifh jyefvnfckcH
vdkufonf/ olonf "m;odkif;wGif txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdaejyDjzpf&m "m;odkif;ynmwkdif;udk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm
jrifEkdifonf/ xdkYjyif ,ckvrsm;twGif; [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;odkif;ynmudk aumif;pGm avhvmxm;ojzifv
h nf;
tESpfom&udk aumif;aumif;MuD; qkyfudkifEdkifaeavjyD/
vdefvdef\ xdyfoD;"m;uGufudk vifh[lcsKH;u tajccH"m;uGufrQjzifh ckcHvdkufaomtcg
tjcm;*dkPf;rS
okdif;ynm&Sifrsm;\ pdwfxJwGif wtHhwMo jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
]]tif; ... olvdkvlrsKd; [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfvmwm [efqef;*dkPf;tzkdY tifrwef uHaumif;wmyJ/ 'Dvl[m
q&mrMuD; wifh&SefwkdYajc&mudk aumif;aumif; eif;Edkifr,fh vlyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;a&m vdefvdefyg [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;odkif;udkom toHk;jyKaeMuonf/ odkYaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\
"m;okdif;ynmrSm vdefvdefYxuf rsm;pGmtqifhjrifhojzifh omref [ef;qef; "m;uGufrsm;onfyif olYvufxJwGif
aMumufrufzG,f&m xufjrufaeonf/ vdefvdef\ cufcJeufeJvSaom "m;uGufrsm;udk omref tajccH "m;uGuf
rsm;jzifh tomav; ckcHEkdifonf/ vdefvdefurl ausmuf*leH&Hay:wGif a&;xm;aom [efqef;"m;uGufrsm;udkom
wwfuRrf;ojzifh ,if;tuGufrsm;udkom xyfcgwvJvJ oHk;ae&awmhonf/
uHaumif;oGm;onfrSm ausmuf*leH&Hay:rS "m;uGufrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;rSvGJ rnfolrQ rodMuojzifh vdefvdef
\ "m;uGufrsm; xyfaeonfudk ab;vlrsm; kwfw&uf r&dyfrdMuacs/
vdefvdefu "m;&Sdefudk wjznf;jznf; jrifhwifvdkufonf/
olr\ wkdufcdkufae[efudk Munfh&if; ... twdwfumvu 0gqef;awmifwGif olwdkYESpfa,muf "m;odkif;
avhusihfcJhyu
Hk dk vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf jyefjrifa,mifvmawmh\/
vuf&Sdwkducf dkufaeonfrsm;udk arhavsmhoGm;jyD; [efqef;*dkPf;\ tuGufr[kwfaom "m;uGuf wpfuGufudk
vifh[lcsKH; xkwfvkdufrdavawmh\/
vdefvdefu kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;onf/ olru wdk;nif;pGm a&Gwf&if; "m;uGufwpfuGuf jyefxkwfvdkuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
969
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
onf/
]]i,fuRrf;cspf}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdefYxHrS [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;okdif;r[kwfaom "m;uGuf xGufvmojzifh olrenf;wlyif
aMumifoGm;&mrS kwfjcnf;yif oabmaygufoGm;onf/
olu wkd;nif;aom avoHjzifh ]aqmif;OD;avayG} [ka&Gwf&if; "m;uGuf wpfuGuf xkwfvkdufonf/
olwdkY ESpfa,muf aemufqHk;wkdufcku
d foGm;onf "m;uGufrsm;rSm [efqef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGufrsm; r[kwfacs/
0gqef;*dkPf;\ "m;uGufvnf; r[kwfacs/
,if;"m;odkif;wGif emrnf&Sd\/ ]csKH;vdef} "m;odkif; [ljzpfonf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vdefvdefwdkY twlwuG
wDxGifxm;aom "m;okdif;jzpfojzifh olwkdY emrnfrsm;\ aemufqHk;ESpfvHk;udk aygif;pyfum emrnfay;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
,if; "m;odkif;onf cufcJeufeJjcif; vHk;0r&Sd/ xkdpOfu olwdkY\"m;odkif;ynmrSm tvGefw&m Eke,fvSay
ao;onf/ ,if;"m;uGufrsm;udk olwdkYESpfa,muf tMudrfaygif; ra&rwGufEdkifatmif tjyeftvSef wkdufcdkuf
avhusifhcJhzl;&m rsufpdrdSwf wkdufcdkuf Ekdifavmufatmifyif uRrf;usifMuavonf/
"m;uGuf tm;vHk;vdkvdkudk olwkdY\ ESvHk;om;twGif;? OD;aESmuftwGif;rS tvGwf&aeMuonf/ ,if;aMumifh
olwdkY ESpfa,mufu wkduf&if;cdkuf&if;jzifh ,if; "m;uGufrsm;udk rodpdwfu tvdkvdk xkwfoHk; aerdMujcif;
jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u trSwfwrJh wpfuGuf xkwfoHk;vdkufro
d nfESifh vdefvdefuvnf; tvdktavsmuf ,if;"m;uGuf
rsm;jzifh jyefvnfckcHrdawmhonf/ xkdtcg olwdkYEpS fa,mufvHk;rSm aumif;qef;awmifxdyfay: wkdufcdkufae&onfh
ypub0udk arhoGm;MujyD; 0gqef;*dkPf;wGif aexdkifpOfu tjzpftysufrsm;odkY tawG;vdyfjymrsm; jzefYoGm;
rdMuawmhonf/
tdrfaxmif&Sifr b0udk arhavsmhjyD; vdefvdef\ pdwfxJwGif olr\ tpfudkMuD;ESifh i,fpOfb0u uJhodkY
"m;a&;avhusifhaeonf[kom xifjrifrdawmhonf/
vdefvdef\rsufESm wjznf;jznf; jyHK; Tifvmonfudk awGU&aom vifh[lcsKH; pdwfxJ tm;& auseyfoGm;rd\/
]]'DaeY wpfaeYvHk; nDrav;rsufESm romr,m jzpfaewm ... tckrSyJ olYrsufESm Tifvef;vmawmhw,f/ ...
tif; ... 'D"m;uGufu rMumcif ukefawmhrSmyJ/ olYudk tIH;ay;&awmhr,f/ b,fvdk vkyf&if aumif;rvJ}}
xkdpOf vltkyfMum;xJrS r&,fcsifh&,fcsif toHjzihf wrifvkyf&,fvkdufonfh &,foH wpfcsufudk ESpfa,mufvHk;
Mum;vdkuf&\/
toH&SifrSm vifrdefusufyifwnf;/
vdefvdefrSm csufcsif; owdjyef0ifvmawmh\/ vifrdefusuf\ &,foHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg olr
wpfukd,fvHk;rS aoG;rsm; at;cJoGm;;ouJo
h dkY cHpm;vdkuf&\/ olru pdwx
f JrS ...
]]igu tpfudkMuD;eJY 'DyHkpHtwkdif; wkdufcdkuaf e&if b,fMunfhaumif;awmhrvJ ... vlajymp&m jzpfukefrSmaygh}}
csufcsif;yif olr\ "m;uGufrsm; ajymif;vJoGm;awmhonf/
vifrdeu
f suf\ ceJY&,foH Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh vdefvdefu "m;uGufrsm;udk ajymif;vJvkdufonfudk vifh[lcsKH;
owdjyKvdkufrd\/ olY&ifxJwGif pl;pl;&S&S cHpm;vdkuf&awmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh olu vufnId;jzifh vdefvdef\
"m;udk,fxnfjym;udk awmufvdkuf\/
]xef;} eJ jrnfoHESifhtwl vdefvdef\ "m;rSm vGifhpOfwufoGm;awmh\/
xdkokdY awmufvdkufjyD; jyD;csif; vifh[lcsKH;u owd&oGm;um ]'kuyJ} [k a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
vdefvdefu tm;wif; jyHK;vdkufonf/ odkYaomf olrtaejzifh rnfrQyif MudK;pm; jyHK;jyHK; ... rnfokdYrQ jyHK;
r&yJ jzpfaeonf/ olrrsufESm tjyHK; ay:rvm/
wpfcsdefwkef;u uJhodkYyif pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf jyKvkyfrdcJh vdefvdefESifh tvSrf;a0;cJh&onfh tjzpfudk
vifh[lcsKH; jyefvnfowd&vmonf/
,ckvnf; xdt
k rSm;rsKd;udk xyfrHusL;vGefrdjyefacsjyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
970
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdpOfrSmyif vdefvdef\ vGifhpOf ajrmufwufoGm;aom "m;onf OD;pdkuf jyefusvmonf/

tMuHwpfcku vifh[lcsKH;\ acgif;xJokYd 0ifvmonfESifh olu vdefvdeftm; "m;jzifh xkd;rnfh [efjyKum
a&SUodkY kwfueJ wk;d vdkufonf/
,if;aemuf armhMunfhvdkufum ,ckrS "m;usvmonfudk odvdkuf[efjzifh uref;uwef; ab;odkY a&Smifwdrf;
vkdufonf/
odkYaomf tcsdefrrSDawmhay/ "m;rSm ol\ykcHk;udk xkd;pdkuf rdoGm;ayjyD/ vifh[lcsKH; ajray:odkY vJusoGm;awmh
onf/
tjzpftysufrSm tvGefjrefqefvSonf/ tm;vHk; rxifrSwfcJhaom jzpf&yfaMumifh vltm;vHk;vdkvdkyif vTwfueJ
atmfvdkufrdMu awmhonf/
]]tpfudkMuD;}}
vdefvdefu tvefYwMum; atmfvdkuf\/
xdkpOf ndKrnf;aom rsufESm&Sdonfh vlwpfa,muf kwfjcnf;ckefxGufvmjyD; vifh[lcsKH;\ykcHk; pdkuf0ifae
aom"m;udk vTifhypfum vifh[lcsKH;udk ayGUcsDjyD; [efqef;*dkPf;zufoYdk ckefxGufoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ 'Pf&mrSm tawmfMuD;ojzifh aoG;rsm; yef;xGufvmavawmhonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u
olwdkY\ "m;'Pf&m vdrf;aq;xnfhay;jyD; ywfwD;pnf;ay;vdkufonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;rS r,foDv&if wpfa,muf vTwfueJ ajymvdkufonf/
]]wpfu,f tonf; r&SdwJh rdef;ryJ}}
vdefvdefrSm vlyHktv,f ai;aMumifaMumifMuD; &yfaerdonf/ olrtaejzifh bmqufvkyf&rnfudk odyHkray:
awmhacs/
olr pdwfxJwGif vifh[lcsKH;udk ajy;Munfhcsifaerd\/ odkYaomf xkdpOfrSmyif &ufykcRefu olYorD;\ vufudk
udkifajrmuf csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]w,f[kwfygvm;/ orD;taeeJY xkdufqef;? csKHqef;? [efqef;*dkPf;u *dkPf;csKyfoHk;a,mufudk olwdkY*dkPf;&JU
"m;odkif;udk oHk;jyD; tEdkifwkdufEdkifcJhjyD/ 'Dudpu w,fvG,fwJhudp r[kwfbl;aemf}}
odkif;orm; tm;vHk;u vdefvdefu vifh[lcsKH;udk tEdkif,lcJhaom odkif;uGufudk rsm;pGmoHo, &SdMu\/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;rSm 'gPf&m&oGm;jyD jzpf olwkdY taejzifh bmrQ rajymomawmhay/
vdefvdefu bmpum;rSrajymyJ olr\"m;udk jyefvnfaumuf,lvdkuf\/ "m;OD;wGif aoG;rsm; ayusHaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ aoG;rsm;jzpfonf/ vdefvdefrSm pdwfxdcdkufvGef;vSojzifh tawG;wpfckrSwpfyg; tjcm; rnfonhf
tawG;udkrQ rawG;EdkifyJ jzpfae\/
]]tpfudkMuD; ... b,fvkdrsm; jzpfaeovJ ... olom aooGm;&ifawmh ... ig ... igvnf; ...}}
vdefvdef\ rsufESmwpfckvHk; aoG;qkwfjzLa&mfvsuf &Sdaeawmhonf/ olr wpfudk,fvHk;rSmvnf; ,drf;xkd;ae
\/ vJusawmhrnfuJodkY jzpfaeawmhonf/
vdefvdef\ tjzpfudk awGUjrifMuolrsm;u wpfrsKd; xifMuonf/ olruJhodkY i,fG,fvSonfh rdef;uav;
wpfa,muftaejzihf *dkPf;csKyfMuD;oHk;a,mufudk wkdufcdkufvdkuf&ojzifh tm;jywfarmyef; oGm;jcif;om jzpfonf
[k xifaeMuonf/
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yDyDooMum; Mu&onf/
]]0gqef;? xkdufqef;? csKHqef;? [efqef;*dkPf;MuD;awGudk olwdkY*dkPf;&JU odkif;ynmawGeJY tEkdif,lcJhwm[m
tvGefYtvGefudk thHMo csD;usL;p&maumif;wJh tjzpftysufygyJ/ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfae&mrSm xdkifoifhwJh
vluawmh 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mMuD; &ufykcRefyJ jzpfoifhygawmhw,f/ ... tcktajctaeuawmh olom
txkdufwefqk;H jzpfaeygw,f}}
xdkpum;udk ajymvkdufolrSm olawmif;pm; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfaeonf/ olawmif;pm; *dkPf;qdkonfrSm
odkif;avmu tawmftwef tiftm;MuD;rm;aom *dkPf;MuD;wpfckjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vltawmfrsm;rsm;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
971
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olYpum;udk ruefYuGuf&J Muawmhacs/

odkYaomf ... at;pufrmausmaom vlwpfa,muf\ toHu vltkyfMuD; twGif; xGif;azmufvmawmh\/
]]aemifMuD; &ufykcRef&JUorD;u 0gqef;? xkdufqef;? csKHqef;? [efqef;*dkPf;awG&JU "g;odkif;awGudk 'Davmuf
txd uRrf;uRrf;usifusif wwfxm;wmuawmh wu,fhudk csD;usL;p&maumif;wJh tcsufygyJ/ orD;awmif
'Davmuf wwfaew,fqdkawmh tazvkyw
f Jholuawmh bmrS ajymp&m r&Sdawmhbl;}}
y&dowftm;vH;k jidrfoufwdwfqdwfpGm em;axmifaeMu\/
]]'gayr,fh *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;qkdawmh usKyfwkdY aumif;qef;*dkPf; usefaeygao;w,f/ usKyfudkom tEkdifwdkuf
EdkifjyDqdk&ifawmh awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyf[m q&mMuD; &ufykcRefyJ jzpf&rSmyg}}
usdvifxefyif jzpfawmhonf/ olu ajym&if;jzifh y&dowftv,fodkY avQmufvmonf/ jyD;aemuf pifay:odkY
wufvmavawmhonf/
ol\ [efyefrSm vGefpGmcefYnm;vSonf/ olu tjcm;olrsm;uJhodkY pifa&SUuGif;jyifwGif rjydKifyJ pifay:
jydKifrnf[k pdefac:vdkufjcif;rSm olYudk,fol tvGefw&m ydkifEkdifpdwfcs ,HkMunfaMumif; jyovdkufjcif;yif jzpfawmh
\/
vdefvdefrSm ,ckawmh tawmfuav; wnfjidrfrI &&SdoGm;jyD jzpf&m usdvifxefudk vSrf; ...
]]q&mMuD; usdvifxefudk uRefrtaeeJUuawmh rEdkif Edkifygbl;/ 'gayr,fh q&mMuD;xuf odkif;ynm awmfwJh
oluawmh &Sdygao;w,f}}
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ausmif; twGi;f wGif awGYjrifcJh&aom "m;odkif;udk olYtaejzihf tEkdif,l&efrvG,fay/
tckawmh vifh[lcsKH;rSm bkrod? brodjzihf 'Pf&m&oGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcg usdvifxefrSm vGefpGmrS
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rSm olYtwGuf ajrMuDudk vuf0g;jzifh dkufbdouJhoYdk rvGJEdkifawmhjyD[l tvGef pdwfcsoGm;awmhonf/
olu at;aq;pGmjzifh ...
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uRefrtazuawmh q&mMuD;xuf trsm;MuD;omygw,f}} [k jyefvnf wkefYjyefvdkufonf/
vdefvdefYpum;tqHk;wGif aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u rausreyfjzifh atmf[pfMuavawmh\/ odkYaomf
usdvifxefu rnfolYudkrQ tav;rxm;[efjzifh &ufykcRefudk vSnfhMunfhum ...
]]b,fvdkvJ aemifMuD; &ufykcRef ... aemifMuD; orD;u aemifMuD;udk a&a&vnfvnf trTef;wifaeygvm;As}}
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uwnf;u tIH;tEdkif r&SdcJhMuygbl;/ cifAsm;&JU ar;cGef;udk usKyf b,fvkd ajz&rvJ}}
xdktcg aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;u ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
972
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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aemifMuD;qDrSm "m;odkif; wpfuGuf? ESpfuGufavmufawmh avhvmqnf;yl;zdkY tjrJ pdwful;&Sdxm;ygw,f/
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okdif;ynm zvS,f&if olrsm;awGu usKyfudk *dkPf;csKyfae&m vkw,fvkdY xifaeygOD;r,f}}
&ufykcRef\ a0hvnfaMumifywfpum;rsm;udk em;axmifae&aom usdvifxefrSm onf;rcHEdkifawmh ...
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qufcHygawmh}}
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... usefwJh av;*dkPf;pvHk;u vlawGudk EdkifcsifrS EdkifrSmaygh}}
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&ufykcRefu vufaemufypf &yfaeonf/ olu rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ tomem;axmifaeonf/
usdvifxefrSm *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;&ef tcsdefrsm;pGm ,l MudKwif jyifqifxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
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&ufykcRefonf twGif;tm;odkif;ynmjzpfaom rdk;MudK;twGif;tm; tvGefw&maumif;rGefaMumif; usdvifxef
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usdvifxef\ pdwfxJrS ...
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upm;jyxm;awmh igowdxm;rdoGm;jyD ... rif;taeeJY ighudk b,frSm tidkufzrf;Edkifawmh rSmvJ}}
onftxd &ufykcRefu pifay:wuf&ef t&dyfta,mif rjyao;onfudk awGY&aomtcg olpY dwfxJwGif ...
]]'Daumifu OmPfrsm;w,f/ tajymcsKdoavmuf twGif;oabmu aMumufp&maumif;w,f/ vla&SUola&SU
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&ufykcRefu xdkpum;ukd apmifhaeol jzpf&m usdvifxef\ pum;qHk;onfESifh ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
973
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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ay;Muavawmh\/
pifay:wufjyD;aemuf &ufykcRefonf tm;vHk;udk tdktao ay;vdkufjyD;rS ...
]]aemifMuD; usdvifxef ... cifAsm;eJY usKyfeJYu tckqdk&if wpf*dkPf;wnf;om;csif; jzpfaeygjyD/ usKyfwdkY
ESpfa,muf ,SOfjydKif&if odkif;ynm zvS,fzkdYudk t"duxm;yghr,f ... 'Dawmhum wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf
temw& jzpfatmif rvkyfygeJYpdkYvm;}}
]]usKyf&JU ajcvufawGudk owdxm;yghr,f/ cifAsm;udk rxdcdkufap&ygbl;/}}
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]]"m;rSm rsufpdrygbl;uG/ rif;udk rxdckdufatmif "m;u a&SmifaerSm r[kwfbl;}}
xdkpum;rsm;ukd Mum;&aomtcg &ufykcRefu jyHK; ...
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olu 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; zufodkY vSnfh ...
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wm r[kwfbl;/ odkif;ynmcsif; zvS,faewmyJ jzpfw,f/ aemifMuD; usdvifxefeJY ig[m bm&efjidK;rS r&SdMubl;
wu,fvkdY aemifMuD;usdvifxefu ighudk vufvGefjyD; owfvdkuf&ifawmifrS rif;wkdYtaeeJY aemifMuD; usdvifxef
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usKyfwu,fyJ vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ csD;usL;ygw,f/}}
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_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
974
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
opm&SifwJhvm;
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tjyifodkY ajy;xGufum ayGYcsD,lcJhrdonf/
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Muonf/ ywfwD; pnf;ay;Muonf/
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OD;acgif;rSm MunfMunfvifvifyif &Sdae\/ tajctaet&yf&yfudk aumif;pGm; pOf;pm;aeEdkifonf/
vif;vif;ESifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u rdrdtwGuf rQavmuf pdk;&drfylyefaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg
vGefpGm pdwfxdcdkuf oGm;awmhonf/ ,lMuHK;r&jzpfoGm;um pdwfxJrS ...
]]iguawmh vdefvdefwpfa,muf pdwfaysmfzdkY vkyfw,f/ ... ightwGuf onfzufrSm tm;vHk; pdwfraumif;
jzpfaeMu&jyD}}
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vif;vif;u EIwfcrf;udk vufnId;av;jzifh ydwfjyjyD; ...
]]I; ... pum;rajymeJY}}
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vifh[lcsKH;u ...
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vifh[lcsKH; jrifom&efvnf; xlray;Muonf/
pifay:wGif olYq&m &ufykcRefESifh usdvifxefudk awGYjrifvkduf&\/ jydKifyGJpwif&ef wmplaeMuayjyD/
&ufykcRefu olY"m;udk aumuf,lvdkufjyD; usdvifxefudk jyHK; Munfhvdkuf\/ Moumo avmuMuD; wpfck
vHk; wdwfqdwf jidrfoufoGm;awmhonf/ odkif;orm; y&dowfMuD;onf rsufawmifrcwf? em;GufrcwfyJ pl;pdkuf
MunfhI aeMuawmh\/
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vifh[lcsKH;\ aemufausmzufrS xGufvmonf/
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aejcif;jzpfonf/ twdwu
f mv wkef;uvnf; &Dvifonf olYtwGuf bk&m;pmGwf qkawmif;ay;cJhzl;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfxJwGif &Dvif\ dk;om;jzLpifjyD; tMuifemw&m;jynfh0vSonfh rsufESmav;udk jrifa,mifvm
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
975
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
GwfoHav;udk Mum;ae&ojzihf vifh[lcsKH;rSm at;csrf;aom oEdokcudk cHpm;&aeawmhonf/

olYpdwfxJwiG f awG;aerdonfrSm ...
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onfhtvm; jyHK;jyvdkufjyD; ...
]]uJ .. usKyfwkdY jydKifMupdkY}}
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tat;"mwf twGif;tm;vIdif;'Pfudk cHvkduf&vQif wpfcsufwnf;ESifh awmifhwif; at;pufoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/
usdvifxef\ vuf0g;apmif;udk olYvuf0g;jzifh &ufykcRefu cHaqmifvdkufonf/ xkdw'*FwGif 0kef;ueJ
toHus,fMuD;udk Mum;vkduf&\/ tm;vHk;u rsufawmif rcwf Munfhaerd\/
&ufykcRefrSm aemufzufodkY oHk;av;vSrf;rQ ,dkifxkd;xGufvmawmh\/ odkYaomf usdvifxefu atmf[pfvdkuf
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
976
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
jzpfonf/ odkYaomf usdvifxeftaeESifh tb,fhaMumifh rQ a'gowMuD; atmf[pfvkduf&onfudk em;rvnfEdkifyJ

jzpfaeMuawmhonf/
wu,fh tjzpfrSefum; usdvifxeftwGuf aqGUaqGUckef a'goxGufp&m tjzpfrsKd;yifwnf;/ vuf0g;csif;
dkufcwfvdkufrdaomtcg usdvifxef\ vuf0g;rSm kwfw&uf pl;&Semusif oGm;cJh&onf/
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xkdtyfaygufav;xJrS ndKrnf;aom aoG;pufuav; wpfpuf pdrhfxGufaeonf/ usdvifxef tMuD;tus,f
xdwfvefY wkefvIyfoGm;& awmhonf/ a'govnf; jyif;pGmxGufrdonf/
&ufykcRefonf vuf0g;xJ tyfwpfacsmif;udk 0Suf ukdifxm;jyD; olYtm; ,kwfrmpGm wkdufcdkufvdkufjcif;
jzpfonf/ ndKrnf;aom aoG;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh odEkdifonfrSm tyfacsmif;udk tqdyfrsm; okwfxm;ao;onf/
,if;aMumifh usdvifxeftaejzifh a'gowMuD; atmf[pfvkdufjcif; jzpfonf/
a'govnf; jyif;pGmxGufrdonf/
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,kwfrmpGm jyKrlrnf[k rnfolwpfa,mufurQ xifrSwfrnf r[kwfacs/ tjzpfrSefudk rodaom y&dowfMuD;rSmrl
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usdvifxefu oufjyif;wpfcsuf dIufvdkufum ol\ b,fbufykcHk;&Sd taMumoHk;ckudk xkd;ydwfvdkufonf/
tqdyfrsm; tay:odkY rjyefYap&ef jzpfonf/ olYpdwfxJrS ...
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awmh b,ftoHk;csvdkY &vdrhfrvJ}}
vif;vif;udkrSD yGJMunfhaeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYq&m\ "m;odkif;uGufrsm; xl;qef;vSpGm ajymif;vJoGm;
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
977
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
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onf/
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a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif; wkdufyGJ ... q&mMuD; vif;&SifESifh usdvifxefwkdY\ wkdufyGJ/ xkdwkdufyGJwGif
usdvifxefu ol\vufESpfacsmif;udk "m;ozG,ftoHk;cs wkdufcdkufcJhonf/ xkdokdif;uGufrSm tvGefxl;qef;vS
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,ckvnf; olYq&m &ufykcRefESihf usdvifxefwkdY toHk;jyKaeaom "m;uGufrSm xkdaeYu usdvifxef
toHk;jyKcJhaom "m;uGufyif jzpfaMumif; aumif;pGm rSwfrdvmawmhonf/
odkYqdkvQif olwkdYESpfa,mufpvHk; bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk wwfajrmufaeMuovm; rqkdEkdif/
]]{uE ... q&mawmh aemufydkif;rSm bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; oCFef;pudk jyef&SmawGUoGm;jyDeJY wlw,f/ vifrdefusuf
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&Sdae\/ &ufykcRefrSm tjyif;txef ckcHae&onf/
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aeawmhonf/
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vufESpfzufrSm aMumufp&maumif;avmufatmif vsifjrefvSojzihf Munfh&olrsm;yif onf;vIduf&ifzkd jzpfae&ay
onf/
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ouJhodkY xifrSwf&awmhonf/
usdvifxefrSm xkdwkdufuGufudk kwfw&uf awGUvkduf&onfESifh olYrsufESmwpfckvHk; puLjzLES,f azG;qGwf
oGm;awmhonf/ olYyg;pyfuvnf; ...
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
978
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usdvifxefonf aMumufvefYwMum;ESihf ol\ "m;udk tpGrf;ukef a0SY,rf; wkdufcdkufawmh\/

vif;vif;uvnf; xdwfvefYwMum; atmfvdkufjyefonf/
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vif;vif; ratmfrDuyif vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh olYq&m &ufykcRef\ odkif;uGufrsm;udk aumif;pGmodvdkufayjyD/
,ck olYq&m toHk;jyKaom odkif;uGufrsm;rSm .... r[l&m awmifukef;ay:&Sd wHk;zef;yk\ tcef;wGif; wHk;zef;yku
yef;xkd;tyfESpfacsmif;jzifh q&mMuD; vif;&Sif? rdk;bk&ifMuD; &SefY0efYxif;? aerif;ocif*dkPf;\ vuf0J&H qefYuGrf;ESifh
oltygt0if xdyfoD; okdif;orm;av;a,muftm; wkdufcdkufpOfu toHk;jyKcJhaom odkif;uGufyif jzpfayawmhonf/
'Pf&m tjyif;txef &xm;onf rSefaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;rSm arhavsmhum qwfueJ rwfwwf&yfrdawmh
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a&mufaeavjyD/
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wpfqufwnf;yif &ufykcRefu aemufzufodkY tm;ukef ckefqkwfoGm;aMumif; awGYvdkuf&onf/ rnfrQtxd
ckefqkwfoGm;oenf;[lrl ol\cEmudk,fonfyif pifjrifh\ tpGef;em;odkY a&muf&SdoGm;jyD; atmufzufodkYyif usvk
uscif jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
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aeonf/ olY"m;uGufrsm;onfvnf; apmapmu xl;qef;onfh "m;uGufrsm; r[kwfawmh/
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usdvifxefoHk;aeaom aumif;qef;"m;uGufrsm;\ xl;jcm;csufrSm wdkufppfr[kwf? cHppfoufoufom jzpfjyD;
olYwpfudk,fv;Hk udk a&yufr0if? vSHxkd; r0ifatmif ckcHxm;jcif;om jzpfonf/
odkif;orm; y&dowfxkMuD;url usdvifxef\ "m;csufrsm; vufzsm;cgavmufatmif t&Sdefjyif;xefaeonf
udk awGYae&ojzihf csD;usL;Mobm ay;vdkuMf uonf/
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apmif;xm;vdkufaMumif; tm;vHk; awGUvdkufMuonf/ xdk trlt&mrSm wpfpHkwpfckaom toHudk em;pGifhaeaMumif;
jrifkHrQESifh odomEdkifonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
979
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
arQmfvifhcsuf ysufjyKef;jcif; paom cHpm;csufrsm; yg0ifaeonf/ avSmiftdrf wpfcktwGif;rS 'Pf&m&xm;aom

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rsufpdtqHk;? em;tIH; r[kwfygvm;/ usdvifxef\ b0qHk;&avjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;vif;wkdYurl &ufykcRef\ wkdufuGufrsm;udk aumif;pGmawGYjrif oabmaygufMuonf/
,if;wkdYrSm r[l&m awmifukef;rS wHk;zef;yk\ wkdufuGufrsm;yif r[kwfygvm;/
&ufykcRef\ udk,f[efvIyf&Sm;rIrSm wHk;zef;ykavmuf rjrefao;ay/ wHk;zef;ykavmuf roGufvufao;ay/
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tcsdeftwGif; usdvifxef\ rsufpdESpfvHk;udk xdk;azmufum tEdkifwkdufckdufEdkifcJhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYq&m tEdkif&onfudk awGYvkduf&aomfvnf; 0rf;omTifvef;jcif; r&SdkHrQru aMumufGHUaom
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aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; wynfhESpfa,mufonf olwkdY\ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;udk wGJac:&eftvdkYiSm wkdufyGJ pifjrifhay:
odkY ckefwufvdkufMuonf/ jyD;aemuf usdvifxefudkwGJ&ef [efjyifvkdufMuonf/
odkYaomf "m;a&mifwpfcsuf 0if;vufoGm;um xkdwynfhESpfa,mufpvHk; atmfyif ratmfEdkifawmhyJ cg;v,frS
xufydkif;jywfum aoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/
tm;vHk;u aMumufvefYwMum; atmf[pfvkduf rdawmhonf/ usdvifxefum; usm;emMuD;uJhodkY jzpfaeacsjyD/
ol\ jrifhrm;vSaom "m;odkif;ynmudk onfwpfuGufxJu azmfjyaeavonf/ &ufykcRef\ wkdufuGufrsm;udk
rQ aumif;rGefaom "m;uGufrsm;jzifh cufcJpGm ckcHcJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
980
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpOf &ufykcRefu olY"m;udk aumuf,lvdu

k fjyD; ...
]]aemifMuD; usdvifxef? tckqdk&if cifAsm; 'kudw jzpfaejyD/ 'Dawmhum usKyftaeeJY cifAsm;&JU apmfum;rIudk
aAGr,lygbl;/ cifAsm;taeeJY tcktcsdeftxd 'D*P
dk f;csKyf &mxl;udk vkcsifao;vdkYvm;}}
&ufykcRef\ toHudk Mum;vdkufonfESifh wjydKifeuf usdvifxefu olY"m;udk ajrmufum toHvm&mzufodkY
csdefG,fvdkufonf/ &ufykcRefuvnf; ckeftkyfawmhrnfh usm;MuD; wpfaumiftvm; wpfudk,fvHk; toifhjyif
apmifhMunfhaeonf/
xkdwpf'*FtwGif; usdvifxef\ OD;acgif;twGif; rsm;pGmaom tawG;rsm; 0ifvmawmhonf/
tu,f rdrd\ "m;csufu &ufykcReftm;rxdyJ jzpfoGm;vQif ... &ufykcRefu pdwfMudKuf ckwfxpfay
awmhrnf/ rdrdrSm rsufpduef;aeol jzpf vnfpif; cHae&ayvdrhfrnf/
rdrdtaejzifh tESpfESpf tvv MudK;pm; pDpOfvmcJhaom tMuHtpnfMuD;rSm atmifjrifcgeD;rS olwpfyg;vufodkY
a&mufoGm;cJh&jyD/ ajrGygvnf;qHk;/ om;vnf;qHk; jzpf&acsjyD/
xdktcsdef olY&ifxJwGif atmifhueJ wpfcsuf jzpfoGm;um a0ghueJ aoG;wpfcsuf xkd;tefvdkufawmhonf/
usdvifxefu vufukd wpfcsufrQvIyfvkduf&m olYvufxJrS
"g;&SnfMuD;rSm tpdwfpdwf tydkif;ykdif;
usKd;usoGm;awmhonf/ olu "g;usKd;udk ypfcsjyD; w[m;[m; &,farmvkdufonf/
jyD; ... aemufvSnfh pifay:rS qif;vkdufonf/
odkYaomf olY tjriftm; vHk;0r&Sdawmhojzifh av[me,fudk ajcwpfzufueif;rdjyD; vdrhfusawmhrvdk
jzpfoGm;&onf/
olu tajcrysuf aemufajcjzifhuefvdkufjyD; ajrjyifay:odkY aMumifMuD;wpfaumiftvm; ayghyg;pGm
usqif;oGm;awmh\/
aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; rsm;onf olwkdY\ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&Sd&modYk ajy;0ifvmMujyD; ...
]]q&m .. 'DaumifawG vl,kwfrmawG/ uRefawmfwkdY tm;vHk; aoaoaMuaMu wkdufr,fq&m/ 0gqef;*dkPf;
wpf*dkPf;vHk;udk trIefYacsypfr,f}}
usdvifxefu toHudk jrifh ...
]]a,mufsm;qdkwm ajymjyD;om; pum;udk wnf&r,f/ axG;jyD;om; wHawG;udk jyefrrsKdaumif;ovdk? ay;jyD;om;
uwdudk wnfrS a,mufsm;yDor,f}}
]]'DuaeY *dkPf;csKyfMuD; &mxl;udk odkif;ynm ,SOfjydKifjyD; aG;aumuf wifajrmufr,fvkdY uwdxm;cJhMuw,f/
... tck &ufykcRefu ighudk EkdifoGm;jyD/ 'Dawmh olYudk awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tjzpf wifajrmufMu&r,f}}
rsufpduef;oGm;cgpu a'go? arm[ zHk;vTrf;rIaMumifh tqiftjcifr&Sd? pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf atmf[pfcJhrd
aomfvnf; ,ckuJhodkY pdwf"gwfrsm; jyefvnf wnfjidrfoGm;aomtcg usdvifxef\ e*dkrlv *dkPf;csKyfMuD;
avoHESifh [efyeftrlt&mwkdY jyefvnf ay:xGufvmonf/
usdvifxef\ oabmxm; MuD;rm;rI? udk,fhudk,fudk csKyfwnf;EdkifrIwdkYudk awGY&aom okdif;orm; tm;vHk;u
pdwfxJrS usdwf csD;usL;rdMuawmhonf/ rdrdwdkYom usdvifxef\ae&mwGif 0if cHpm;vkduf&vQif tb,frSmvQif
odkY oabmxm;MuD; Edkifygrnfenf;/
xdkpOf odkif;orm;rsm;xJrS tcsKdUu pwif atmf[pfvkduf Muonf/
]]q&mMuD; &ufykcRefudk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;tjzpf wifajrmufvdkufjyD}}
0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ tm;wufoa&m atmf[pfoHu tjcm;oHrsm;udk vTrf;rdk;oGm;onf/ olwdkY 0rf;omrnf
qdkvJ 0rf;omavmufayonf/ taMumif;rSm &mxl;udk olwdkYq&m &ufykcRef &vdrfhrnf[k vHk;0 rxifrSwfcJh
jzpfonf/
xdkpOf &ufykcRefonf wdkufyGJpifjrifh\ a&SUqHk; tpGefodkY xGufvmjyD; tm;vHk;udk tdktaoay;um ...
]]apmapmwkef;u aemifMuD;usdvifxefeJY usKyfeJY odkif;ynm zvS,fMuwkef; wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf
xdcdkufzkdY r&nfG,fygbl;/ 'gayr,hf aemifMuD; usdvifxef&JU odkif;ynmu odyfjrifhrm;vGef;awmh usKyf&JU
"m;awmifrS vufxJu vGwfxGuf oGm;cJh&ygw,f/ 'DrSmwif usKyfudk,fudk umuG,fzdkY twGuf tpGr;fukef ckcH
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
981
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
umuG,f cJh&w,f/ tJ'DrSm vufvGefajcvGef jzpfoGm;jyD; .. olY&JU rsufvHk;udk xdk;azmufvdkufrdygw,f/ usKyfvnf;

vkyfjyD;rS trsm;MuD; pdwfraumif; jzpfryd gw,f}}
&ufykcRef\ pum;qHk;onfESifh pifatmufrS vlwpfa,mufu
]]"m;rSm rsufpd rygbl;/ rawmfwq jzpf&wJh udpyJ/ bmrS pdwfraumif; jzpfp&m rvdkygbl;}}
aemufwpfa,mufuvnf; xyfrH ...
]]usdvifxefudk q&mMuD; &ufykcRefu vdkufjyD; rowfwmuyJ oabmxm;MuD;aMumif;udk jyowmyJ ..
bmrS pdwfraumif; jzpfp&m rvdkygbl;}}
&ufykcRefonf vufESpfzufudk a0SY,rf; tm;vHk;udk aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymvdkufonf/ wpfa,muf
wpfayguf ajymaeonfh toHrsm; vHk;0 wdwfqdwfoGm;aom tcgrS &ufykcRefonf olajymvdkonfh pum;udk
av;av;eufeuf quf ajymMum;onf/
]]tm;vHk;u usKyftay: ,HkMunf tm;xm;MuwJh aemufawmh usKyftaeeJY 'D&mxl;udk vufcHawmhrSmyJ/ ...
usKyftaeeJY awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;&JU *dkPf;csKyfqkdwm emrnfcH avmufygyJ/ csKHqef;*dkPf;&JU udp t00udk q&mMuD;
armfwm;uyJ qufjyD; aqmifGuf&r,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;&JU udpudkawmh vifh[lcsKH;u pDrH aqmifGuf&r,f/
xdkufqef;*dkPf;&JU udpawGudkawmh &dpef; &aohMuD;u pDrHyg/ aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU udpawGudkawmh ... }}
&ufykcRefonf xkdae&m acw pum; &yfqdkif; oGm;onf/ jyD;rS ...
]]aumif;qef;*dkPf;u aemifMuD; usdvifxefu rsufpduG,foGm;jyDqdkawmh ... aemifMuD; a0xif;udk aemifMuD;
usdvifxefeJY vufwGJjyD; pDrHay;zkdY awmif;qkd&rSmyJ}}
xdka0xif; qdkolrSm apmapmuav;uyif &ufykcReftm; tMuD;tus,f atmf[pf ykwfcwfcJholjzpfonf/
,ckvdk &ufykcRef\ pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg a0xif;rSm tvGeftHhMooGm;jyD; ...
]]'g ... 'g}}
xkdYxufydk pum;rajymEdkifawmhacs/
aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; rsm;vnf; trsm;enf;wl tHhMooGm;awmhonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk;onf olwkdY\
*dkPf;csKyfMuD;tm; rsufpdazmufcJhojzihf &ufykcReftm; tMuD;tus,f a'goxGufaeolrsm; jzpfMu\/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefu olYtm; tMuD;tus,fatmf[pfIwfcscJhaom a0xif;uJhodkYaom vlrsKd;udkyif tjidK;rxm;
yJ aumif;qef;*dkPf;\ udpt00udk pDrHaqmifGuf&ef wm0efay;onfukd awGYvdkuf&aomtcg a'gorsm;
tawmftwef ajyoGm;Mu\/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]usKyfwkdY awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;[m onfuaeY zGJYpnf; wnfaxmifvu
dk fjyDqdkawmh *dkPf;om;tm;vHk; yl;aygif;
aqmifGufMu&r,f/ tm;vHk;[m nDtpfudk armifESrawG jzpfoGm;MujyD/ usKyftaeeJY *dkPf;csKyf&mxl; &ayr,fh
usKyfwpfa,mufwnf;eJY 'D*dkPf;MuD;udk wkd;wufxGef;um;atmif raqmifGufEdkifygbl;/
]]usKyfu *dkPf;MuD; wkd;wufa&;udp t00udk tm;vHk;eJY wkdifyif aqG;aEG; &ygvdrhfr,f/ .. wpfa,muftm;eJY
,laomfr&/ trsm;tm;eJY ,laomf&\ ... qdkwJh pum;twdkif; tm;vHk; nDnDnGwfnGwfeYJ aqmifGufMu&if
awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;MuD; wdk;wufxGef;um;rSm trSefygyJ}}
]]'DaeYawmh tcsdef odyfaESmif;aeygjyD ... tm;vHk;yJ awmifv,fu aumif;qef;a*[mMuD;rSm tem;,ljyD;
npm pm;Mu&atmif}}
odkif;orm;rsm;u csD;usL;Mobm ay;MujyD; awmifv,fodkY ajy;qif; oGm;Muavawmh\/ awmifv,fwGif
tem;,l Muayawmhrnf/
&ufykcRef pifay:rS qif;vdkufonfESifh q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;? &aohBuD; csKH;Id;paom odkif;avmu\
Mu,fwHcGef yk*dK vfBuD;rsm;u csD;usL; *kPfjyKpum; ajymMum; vdkufMuonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
982
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[m&efaMuG; &Sif;wrf;
tp yxr q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;ESifh &aohBuD; csKH;Id;wkdYrSm usdvifxef *dkPf;csKyfBuD;jzpfoGm;jyD;
odkif;avmu wpfckvHk;udk vuf0g;BuD;tky&f ef BudK;pm;NyD; tm;vHk;udk 'kuay;rnfudk pdk;&drcf JhMujcif;jzpf\/
,if;aMumifh olwdkYu *dkPf;csKyfMuD; ae&mudk vifh[lcsKH;tm; ,lcdkif;vdkufjcif; jzpf\/ olwdkYtjrifwGif
usdvifxefudk ,SOfjydKif wkdufckdufEdkifolrSm vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,mufom &Sd\/
,ck rarQmfvifhyJ &ufykcRefu awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; jzpfoGm;aomtcg olwdkY pdwfxJ tawmftwef
at;oGm;Muonf/ &ufykcRefonf usdvifxefuJhodkY odkif;avmuMuD; wpfckvHk;tm; vuf0g;BuD;tkyf 0g;rsKdvdkol
r[kwf[k q&mawmfBuD;ESifh &aohBuD;wkYu
d ,HkMunfMuonf/
q&mawmfBuD; zef;wif;u avoHudk tenf;i,f ESdrfh ...
]]q&mBuD; &ufykcRef ... aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;awGudkawmh enf;enf; owdxm;&vdrhfr,feJY wlw,f ...
olwkdYu rauseyfyJ acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfMuHcsif vkyfMuHMu vdrfhr,f/ owdqkw
d m ydkw,fawmh r&Sdygbl;}}
&ufykcRefu dkaoav;pm;pGmjzifh ...
]]rSefygh ... wynfhawmf aumif;aumif; owdxm;yghr,f/ ckvdk apwemeJYowday;wmudkyJ aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;&Sd&modkY avQmufoGm;jyD; ...
]]vlav; ... rif;&JU 'Pf&m odyfjyif;xefoGm;ovm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;rS armif;xkwfypfvkdufonfh tcsdefrSp &ufykcRefu wpfMudrf wpfcgrQ ]vlav;} [k
rac:a0:cJhay/ ,ck yxrqHk; tMudrf om,maysmhaysmif;pGm ac:vkdufjcif;aywnf;/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif at;pufaom a0'emwpfck cHpm;vdkuf&\/ olu xpfxpfaighaighjzifh
]]'Pf ... 'Pf&m ... rjyif;xefygbl;q&m}}
&ufykcRefu ar;vkdufonf/
]]igwdkYeJY 0gqef;awmifudk vkdufcJhav/ 'Pf&mudk aysmufatmifukvdkufaygh/ aemufjyD;awmh rif;&JU q&mreJYvJ
pum;pjrnf ajym&wmaygh ... b,fhES,fhvJ}}
tu,f &ufykcRef taejzifh pum;udk jydKifyGJMuD;rwkdifrD ajymcJhvQif vifh[lcsKH;rSm 0rf;omvGef;
xckefrdaumif; xckefrdayvdrfhrnf/ ,ckru
l m; rnfodkYrQ 0rf;romEkdif/
om,m aysmhaysmif;pGm ajymvdkufaom olYq&m\ pum;rsm;onf olYem;xJodkY ysm;&nfrsm; avmif;xnfh
vdkufovdk csKdjrraeyJ/ tqdyf&nfrsm; avmif;xnfh vdkufovdk ylavmifaeonf/
,ckawmh olYtaejzifh 0gqef;awmifodkY vdkuf&rnfh udpqkdvQif usm;jrD;qGJ&rnfxuf aMumufGHUaerdonf/
olYq&m tay: xm;&SdcJhaom ,HkMunfudk;pm;rIrsm; ysufokOf;oGm;cJhavjyD/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
983
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufESmay:wGif ay:aeaom wGefYqkwfrIrsm;udk yg;eyfvSaom &ufykcRefu aumif;pGm teuf

t"dyg,f azmfEdkifonf/
]]b,fvkdvJ ... rif;u 0gqef;awmifudk rvdkufcsifbl;eJY wlw,f}}
]][kwfuJhq&m ... [efqef;*dkPf;&JU "g;'gPf&m vdrf;aq;u odyfxufjrufygw,f/ uRefawmfh 'Pf&mav;
avmufawmh cPuav;eJY aysmufoGm; ygvdrhfr,f/ .... 'Pf&m aumif;oGm;awmhrSyJ q&meJY q&mrwkdYukd
vmawGYygr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;udk twefMumrQ tuJcwfaejyD;rS &ufykcRefu ...
]]aumif;jyDav ... rif;tMuHvnf; rqdk;ygbl;/ 'DrSmyJ aumif;aumif; tem;,lvdkufOD;aygh/ 'Pf&mawG
aysmufuif;jyD; jrefjrefxufxuf 0gqef;udk vmEdkifygapvdkY igqkawmif; vdkufygw,f/}}
]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m ... uRefawmfvnf; jrefjrefvmEdkifatmif MudK;pm;yghr,f/}}
xdkYaemuf &ufykcRefonf vifh[lcsKH;em;rS cGmoGm;awmh\/ odkif;orm;rsm;onf tkyfpkvdkuf &ufykcRefkudk 0dkif;
*kPfjyKpum; ajymMum;Muonf/ ajymjyD;olrsm;onf awmifwef;\ tv,fodkY qif;oGm;awmh\/ xkdodkY
qif;oGm;aom tkyfpkrsm;xJrS rdef;uav; wpfa,mufu atmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]0HykavGMuD;}}
qif;oTm;olrsm;rSm ta&ma&m taxG;axG; jzpfaeojzifh rnfou
l odkY atmfvdkufrSef; cGJjcm; rodEdkifay/
]]0HykavGMuD;}} wJh/ xdkpum;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf &ifxJeifhoGm;atmif cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ odkYaomf
vnf; ,cktcsdefwGif xkdpum;vHk;xuf aumif;rGefaom pum;udk olYtaejzihf &SmrawGUEdkif/
ol tvGef av;pm;cspfcifcJhaom aus;Zl;&Sif q&mMuD;rSm wdkawmif;vSaom tcsdefav;wpfck twGif;
rif;om; rsufESmzHk;pGyfudkvSef bDvl;rsufESmMuD;udk azmfjyjyD;avjyD/ uJhodkY tMuHMuD; ,kwfrmaom
vlwpfa,muf twGuf ]]0HykavGMuD;}} [laom pum;om toifhavsmfqHk; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
wjznf;jznf;ESifh tvif;ukefaysmuf ntarSmifodkY a&muf&SdvmcJhavjyD/
awmifxdyf uGif;jyifay:wGif tjcm;odkif;orm;qdk wpfOD; wpfavrQ r&Sdawmhacs/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;om
usefawmhonf/
&d[dku ...
]]tpfukdMuD; ... uRefrwdkYvnf; vdkufqif;rvm;}}
]]igwdkY ... onfrSmyJ ntdyfMu&if aumif;r,feJY wlw,f}}
&ufykcRefESifh a0;avaumif;av[k xifjrifxm;aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm odkYom ajymvkdufrdawmh\/
wGif [efqef;*dkPf;om; rsm;uvnf; tvGefyif 0rf;omoGm;Mu\/ olwkdYtm;vHk;uvnf; &ufykcRefudk
vHk;0 rawGYcsifMuay/ olwdkY\ pdwfxJwGif zkusKd;jrdKUu tjzpftysufrsm;udk vHk;0 rarhEdkifyJ jzpfaeao;onf/
e*g;awmifMum; olwkdY\ q&mrMuD;ESpfa,muf tydwfqdkYcHae&ojzifh oGm;a&muf tultnD awmif;pOfu
&ufykcRef\ ypfy,frIudk tonf;xJpGJaeatmif rSwfrdaeMuonf/ olwdkYonf xdktcsdefrSp &ufykcRefudk
rkef;wD;MujyD; jzpfonf/ rif;om;acgif; aqmif;xm;aom bDvl;[k owfrSwcf JhMujyD; jzpfonf/
&dcsif;u ]]tpfudkMuD;u 'gPf&mMuD;eJYqkdawmh oGm;oGm;vmvmvkyfzkdY raumif;ygbl;/ 'DawmifxdyfrSm
tem;,lwmu ydkjyD; oifhjrwfygw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;tm; pum;ajymae&mrS rsufESmrnf;aom a,mufsm;av;zufodkY vSnfhum &dcsif;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]'geJY 'Du tpfukad v;u ...}}
&dcsif;\ pum;rqHk;rDrSmyif vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; x&,f&if; ...
]]olu tpfudkav; r[kwfbl; ... &dcsif;&JU ... vif;vif;uG}}
vif;vif;rSm wpfcsdefvHk;vdkvdk vifh[lcsKH;udk ayGYxm;&mrS olr\emrnfudk ,ckvkd kwfw&uf azmfxkwfvdkuf
aomtcg tvGef&SufoGm;jyD; olr&ifcGifxJrS vifh[lcsKH;udk uref;uwef; z,fxkwfum rwfwwf&yfvkdufonf/
txdef; r&Sdawmhaom vifh[lcsKH;rSm udk,fhudk,fudk rxdef;EdkifawmhyJ aemufodkY vJusoGm;avawmh\/
tm;vHk;u tvefYwMum; atmf[pfvdkufrdMu\/ vif;vif;rSm vifh[lcsKH;udk uref;uwef; jyefayGU,lvdkuf&awmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
984
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
onf/
vifh[lcsKH;url emusif[ef rjyyJ w[m;[m;ESifh &,farmaeawmh\/
[efqef;*dkPf;om; rsm;url vif;vif; jzpfrSef; odvkdufaomtcg 0rf;omoGm;Mu\/ olwdkY [efqefk;*dkPf;
taejzifh odkif;avmutwGif;odkY qif;cJvS\/ tjcm;aom *dkPf;tzGJUrsm;ESihf pmvQif &efjidK;zGJUrIrsm;? tjidK;taw;
xm;rIrsm; tvGefenf;yg;\/ odkYjzpf [efqef;*dkPf;ESifh raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;wkdYonf &efjidK;zGJUrI r&SdcJhacs/
olwkdYtaejzihf vif;vif;udk raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;\ orD;rSef; odaomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ rxl;jcm;Mu
acs/ xdkYtjyif olwkdYu vif;vif;udk [efqef;*dkPf;csKyfuawmf tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ao;onf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh
vif;vif;wkdY arwmrQ aeMuonfudk olwdkY tm;vkH; od&Sdxm;Muonf r[kwfygvm;/
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vifrdeu
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
985
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vifrdeu
f sufxHrS at;pufvSaom toH xGufay:vmonf/
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vifrdeu
f sufxHrS pum;oH acwjywfoGm;jyD;rS quf ...
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cifAsm;wdkY tm;vHk;udk vmckdif;wm ... tck bmjzpfvdkY oHk;a,mufxJ vm&ovJ/ usKyfpum;udk wdwdusus
em;axmifrSaygh}}
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&efolawmfMuD; ESpfOD;udk awGYvdkuf&awmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufESifh &Dcsef;
wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf q,faycefY tuGmwGif &yfaeMu\/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS ...
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pum;udk &d[dku pdwf&if;twkdif; ajymvkdufjcif; jzpfonf/
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ajymvdkufjcif; jzpf\/
&Dcsef; tzdkYrSmvnf; ,aeYonf tawmfuav; uoduatmuf jzpfchaJ om aeYwpfaeY jzpfonf/
&Dcsef;onf aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyf usdvifxefESifh tawmfuav; cifrif&if;ESD;oljzpfonf/ usdvifxefu
olYtwGuf ta&;MuD;vSaom aeY&uf aumif;qef;awmifodkY rysufruGuf vma&muf olYzufrS tiftm;jyay;
&ef pma&;ac:cJhonf/ wpfMudrf wpfcg r[kwf? oHk;MudrfrQ ac:cJhojzifh ,aeY aumif;qef;awmifodkY csif;csef*dkPf;
a&muf&Sdvm&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
986
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
,if;rSm awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; &mxl;udk usdvifxef &&Sdvdrhfrnf [l jzpfonf/

usdvifxefESifh olu cifrif&if;ESD;olrsm;jzpf usdvifxef\ MudKwif jyifqifrIrsm;udk olYtaejzihf tawmf
twef odjrifcGifh&cJo
h nf/ xkdYaMumifh usdvifxefom *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk &vdrfhrnf[k aocsmayguf wGufxm;cJh
onf/ olESihf 0gqef;*dkPf; &efjidK; &Sdxm;cJhonfrSm rSefaomfvnf; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; &mxl;udk usdvifxefom &cJhvQif
0gqef;*dkPf;udk rIp&m rvdkawmhacs/
aemufq;Hk wGifrl rSef;csufESifh ESrf;xGuf rudkufyJ jzpfoGm;&onf/ olYrdwfaqGMuD; usdvifxef rIrvS IH;edrfh
oGm;onf/ &ufykcRefu 0SufzJudk csoHk;jyD; *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&mxl;udk ,loGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh olYtaejzihf
qufae&ef qE r&SdawmhyJ jyef&ef jyifqifawmhonf/
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vufcHcJhonf/
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onf/ wu,fwrf;tm;jzifh olu vifrdefusufudk trIrxm;aomfvnf; vifrdefusuftaejzifh rnfonfh taygif;
tazmfrsm; ac:vmrnfudk olu vGefpGm owdxm;onf/
xdkYaMumifh vifrdefusuf\ t&dyftjcnfudk apmifhMunfhaecJo
h nf/ vifrdefusuf wpfa,mufwnf;
aumif;qef;awmifxdyfay: wufoGm;onfudk awGU&aomtcgrS &Dcsef;u csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;ukd awmifckvwf
wGif ae&mcsxm;ay;onf/ ta&;taMumif;&Sdu awmifxdyfokdY csufcsif;wufvmEdkif&ef tcsdef;tcsufrsm; jyKvkyf
onf/ oludk,fwkdifurl vufaG;pifESpfa,mufudk ac:jyD; awmifay:odkY wufvmcJhonf/
awmifxdyfa&mufaomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk rarQmfvifhyJ awGYvdkuf&ojzifh &ifxdwfoGm;cJh\/
wGif &d[dku vifrdefusufESifh [efqef;*dkPf; vHk;0 rywfouf[laom 0efcHuwdpum; Mum;vdkuf&aom
tcgwGifrl pdwfoufom&m &oGm;cJh\/
xdkpOf vifrdefusufu a&SUodkYESpfvSrf;wkd;vdkufjyD; ...
]]&Dcsef; ... cifAsm;[m usKyfwkdY rsKd;dk;ydkif ]bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;} pmtkyftwGufeJY ... usKyf&JU rdbawG? usKyfwdkY&JU
tmrcH|meu 0efxrf;awG tm;vHk;udk &uf&ufpufpuf owfcJhw,f/ ... 'D&efaMuG;udk urmaMuwmawmif usKyf
raMuEdkifbl;/ .... 'D&efaMuG;udk qyfzkdY ... pm;vnf;'Dpdwf? tdyfvnf; 'Dpdwf? jzpfcJh&w,f/ ... 'DuaeYnawmh
&efaMuG;udk qyfzkdY tcsdefa&mufvmjyD/}}
&Dcsef;u a'gESifharmESifh jyefvnfatmf[pfacsy avawmhonf/
]]bmajymw,fuG/ rif;ursm; 'Dpum; ajymaeao;w,f/ olcdk;u vl jyef[pfaew,f/ ighom;udk owfoGm;
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... at; ... rif;u ighudk r&Sm&ifawmif igu rif;udk vdkuf&SmrSmyJ}}
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*ifwdkwdk vlwpfa,muf jzpfaomfvnf; oludkifonfh"m;url tawmfhudk &Snfaeonf/
olu "m;udk qGJxkwfvdkufonfhyHkESifh "m;&SnfMuD;udk udkifxm;yHkwkdYrSm okdif;q&mMuD;wpfOD;\ [efyef
tjynfht0 &Sdaeonf/ omref taetxm;rsKd;wGif &Dcsef; av;pm; cefYnm;p&m [efyef r&Sdaomfvnf; ,ck
tcsefwGifrl awmfkHvl aMumufvefYoGm; &ayvdrfhrnf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ pdwfxJwGif &Dcsef;udk usdwf csD;usL;vdkufrdMu\/
okdYaomf vifrdefusufurl ol\"m;udk ,ckxd qGJrxkwfao;ay/ "m;&SnfMuD; udkifvsuf [efa&;jyaeaom
&Dcsef;udk vHk;0 ta&;rpkdufyJ olu aemufxyf ajcESpfvSrf;rQ a&SUodkY vSrf;wufvku
d fjyefonf/
tMunfhaMumifhom vlwpfa,muf jymusoGm;rnfqkdvQif &Dcsef;taeESifh jymrIefYuav;rsm;om jzpfaeay
awmhrnf/ vifrdefusuf\ rsufvHk;rsm;rS trkef; rD;awmufrsm;onf w&Sdef&Sdefxvsuf &dSaeay\/
vifrdeu
f sufu ,ckxd "m;qGJrxkwfao;onfudk awG&aomtcg &Dcsef;u awG;vdkufonf/
]]'Daumif w,fjyD; b0ifjrifhaeygvm;/ ighudk yrmrcefYeJY .. ckxufxd "m;qGJrxkwfao;bl;/ igu
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
987
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wkdufcdkufvdkuf&&if wpfcsufwnf;eJY toufb,fu xGufoGm;rSe;f rodyJaea&mhr,f/ ... ckcsdefrSmom olYcsuf

atmufudk "m;xdyfeJY uavmfjyD; xkd;vdkuf&&if 'Daumif b,fvdkrS ckcHEdkifrSm r[kwfbl;}}
&Dcsef;u vifrdefusuf\aysmhuGufukd aumif;pGmjrifaeonf/ olYtzkdY vifrdefusufonf odk;i,fwpfaumif
rQom jzpfonf/ oljyKorQ Ek&rnf[k aocsmayguf wGufcsufxm;ayonf/
odkYaomf ... a&SUtvm;tvmudk MudKwif pOf;pm;rdvdkufojzifh kwfw&uf rwdkufcdkufao;yJ aevdkufonf/
olu quf awG;aerd\/
]]'Daumifu csmwdwfyJ &Sdao;w,f/ igu w[kefxkd; wdkufcdkufvdkuf&if csmwdwfudk rnmrwm vkyfw,fvdkY
odkif;avmurS ajymp&m jzpfaeOD;r,f/ 'Dawmh olY"m;txGufudk apmifhvdkufOD;r,f/ ... 'grS ightaeeJY rnmrwm
rvkyfbl;qdkwm ay:vGifoGm;r,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;u rsufjrifoufao jzpfaeawmh igt&rf;vkyfvdkY rjzpfbl;}}
&Dcsef;uatmfvdu
k fonf/
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ao;wmvJ}}
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vQyfwpfjyuf uavmfxdk;vdkuf&ef pdwful;xm;jyD; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} udk wwfajrmufjyD;onfh tcsdefrSp "m;taetxm;? vuftaetxm;?
udk,f[ef taetxm;wkdYudk Munfh rnfodkY wkdufcdkufvmrnfudk MudKwif odjrifEdkifpGrf; &Sdonf/ ,ckvnf; &Dcsef;
rnfonfhtMuH MuHpnfaeonfudk ol\"m;udkifyHku azmfjyaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u atmf owday;
vdkufonf/
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onf/ ol\ vIyf&Sm;yHkrSm vQyfjyufonhfES,f jrefqefvSonf/ rsufawmifwpfcwftwGif; vifrdefusufonf
&Dcsef;ESifh rsufESmcsif; uyfvkrwwf jzpfoGm;awmh\/
ywf0ef;usifrS vlrsm; tm;vHk; tHhMopGmESifh yg;pyf ta[mif;om; jzpfum MunfhaeMurdawmh\/
onfwpfuGuu
f dk rnfolrQ MudKwif rwGufqrdMuacs/ vifh[lcsKH;onfyifvQif vifrdefusuf okdY vIyf&Sm;
wkdufcdkufvdrhfrnf[k vHk;0 rxifrSwfcJh/
,ckuJhokdY vifrdefusufu &Dcsef;ESifh vlcsif; yl;uyfvkdufaomtcg &Dcsef;\ "m;&SnfrSm vifrdefusuf\
aemufausmzufodkY a&mufaeawmhonf/ &Snfvsm;vSaom "m;jzifh kwfw&uf csufcsif; vSnfhajymif;wkdufcdkuf&ef
rjzpfEdkifawmhacs/
tajctaeum; &Dcsef;twGuf trsm;MuD; qdk;0g;aeayjyD/
vifrdeu
f suf\ vufwpfzufu &Dcsef;\ xHkaMumudkudkifxm;jyD; usefwpfzufu &Dcsef; &if0udk zduyf
xm;vdkuf\/
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vGwfusoGm;awmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf wpfuGufwnf;ESifh ol\ r[m&efolawmfMuD;udk csKyfudkifEkdifcJhavjyD/ ol\wkdufuGufrSm
&Sif;vSonf/ &ufykcRefu usdvifxeftm; wkdufcdkufcJhonfh tuGufyif jzpfawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vif;vif;tm; vSnfh Munfhvdkufrdawmhonf/ ESpfa,mufom; rsufvHk;csif; qdkifvkdufrdonfESifh
oHjydKif a&Gwf vdkufrdonfrSm ...
]]wHk;zef;yk}}
ESpfa,mufpvHk;\ rsuf0ef;rsm;xJwGif wkefvIyfacsmufjcm;aom t&dyfta,mifrsm; rxdef;Ekdif rodrf;Edkif
ay:aygufvm\/ onftuGufudk olwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; aumif;pGm od&Sd? rSwfrdMu\/
r[l&mawmifukef; wHk;zef;ykonf odkif;uGufrsKd;jzihf xdyfoD;odkif;orm; av;a,mufudk ,SOfjydKif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
988
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wkdufcdkufcJhonf/
aumif;qef;awmifxdyf *dkPf;csKyfa&G;yGJ &ufykcRefonf usdvifxefudk onfuGufrsKd;jzifhyif wdkufcdkuf
tEdkif,lcJhonf/
,ckvnf; vifrdefusufonf &Dcsef;udk onftuGufjzifhyif wkdufcdkufchaJ csonf wum;/
vifrdeu
f sufu ol\vuf0g;udk &Dcsef;\&if0wGif uyfxm;aomfvnf; twGif;tm;ukd rxkwfao;acs/
va&mifatmufwGif &Dcsef;\ rsufESmudk aocsmpGm Munfhvdkufonf/
&Dcsef;\ rsufESmMuD;rSm aMumufGHUxdwv
f efYrIrsm; MuD;pdk;aeawmhonf/ tkyfqdk; tusnf;wefpGmjzifh wGefYvdrf
IHUwGaeawmh\/
&Dcsef;\ tm;udk;&mrJhaeaom rsufESmMuD;udk jrif&aomtcg vifrdefusuf vGefpGm tm;&auseyfoGm;awmh\/
onfrsufESmudk jrifawGYEdkif&ef olYtaejzihf tESpfESpftvv apmifharQmfcJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/ &Dcsef;udk ,ck
csufcsif; owfypfvdkufvQif vGefpGm ESajrmp&m aumif;ayawmhrnf/
xdktcsdefrSmyif ta0;rS vSrf;atmfvdkufonfh rdef;uav;oH wpfoHukd Mum;vdkuf&onf/ vdefvdef\ atmfoH
yifwnf;/
]]vifrdefusuf ... tazu ajymvdkufw,f/ 'DaeYolYudk rowfyJ vTwaf y;vdkufygwJh}}
atmf&if;jzifh vdefvdefonf aumif;qef;awmifxdyfodkY ajy;wufvmonf/ awmifxdyfodkY a&mufaomtcg
vifrdefusufu &Dcsef;udk csKyfudkifxm;aMumif; awGY&aomtcg olr vGefpGm thHMooGm;awmhonf/
&Dcsef;uJhoYakd om xdyfoD;odkif;q&mMuD;tm; csKyfudkifxm;Ekdifjcif;rSm tHhMoavmufaponfh jrifuGif;yif jzpfay
awmhonf/ vdefvdefu ai;aMumifoGm;&mrS csufcsif; xyfajymvkdufonf/
]]tazu ajymvdkufw,f/ 'DaeY ol[m uRefrwkdY&JU {nfhonf qkdawmh rowfygeJYwJh/ oem;nmwmwJh taeeJY
vTwfvdkufygwJh}}
vdefvdef\ pum;ukd Mum;&aomtcg vifrdefusufonf ol\vuf0g;udk &Dcsef;\&if0rS cGmvdkufonf/
xkdYaemuf ]jzef;} ueJaeatmif &Dcsef;\ yg;udkESpfcsufqifh dkufvkdufawmhonf/
yg;dkufjyD;onfESihf auseyftm;&pGm w[m;[m; &,farm&if; vifrdefusufu aemufodkY ckefxGufvdkufonf/
q,fig;ayceft
Y uGmrS &Dcsef;udk pdkufMunfh aeawmhonf/
&Dcsef;rSm xHkaMum wjznf;jznf; ajyvmonfESifh "m;udkaumufudkifum wkdufcdkuf&ef [efjyifawmhonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif wHkYueJ &yfoGm;onf/
tb,fhaMumifh odkY &yfoGm;ygoenf;/
&Dcsef;onf olYudk,fol *dkPf;csKyfMuD;wpfa,muf jzpfaMumif; csufcsif; owdjyKvdkuf rdaomaMumifjh zpfonf/
tpyxrwGif a'goaMumifh wkdufcdkuf&ef [efjyifvdkufrdjcif; jzpfonf/
odkYaomf aemufrS owd&vdkufonfrSm oluJhokdYaom *dkPf;csKyfMuD; wpfa,muftzdkY IH;edrfhoGm;jyD;rS quf
wkdufcdkufaevQif [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;a&SU vGefpGm &Sufp&maumif;vSayvdrhfrnf/ uJhodkY awG;vdkufrdjcif;
aMumifh wHkYueJ &yfqdkif;vdkufrdjcif; jzpfonf/
vifrdeu
f sufurl &Dcsef;\ rIEdkif ru,fEdkif jzpfaeyHkudk awGY&aomtcg avSmifjyHK;wpfcsuf jyHK;vdkufjyD;
csmueJ vSnfhxGufoGm;awmhonf/ ol\ ZeD; topfpufpufuav; vdefvdefuydk if vHk;0 *krpdkufacs/
vdefvdefrSmrl rausreyfjzihf ajcuav;aqmifhum usef&pfcJhawmhonf/ csufcsif;vdkvdkyif vGefpGm tHhtm;oifh
oGm;awmhonf/ taMumif;rSm vifh[lcsKH;udk olr tem;wGif awGUvdkuf& jzpfayonf/
vdefvdefu vifh[lcsKH;a&SUodkY avQmufvmum ...
]]tpfudkMuD; 'Pf&mu odyfMuD;ovm;[if}}
]]ig ... ig}}
vdefvdefYudk awGUvdkuf&onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm pum;wpfvHk;yif ajzmifhajzmifh wef;wef; rajymEdkifawmhyJ
xpfaighaeacsjyD/
&d[dku kwfw&uf 0ifajymvdkufonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
989
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&Sif ... odyfjyD; pdwfrylygeJY/ &Sifh tpfudkMuD; raoEdkifawmhygbl;}}

&d[dk\ avoHrSm rmqwfqwf EdkifvSonf/ olru vGefpGm rausreyf jzpfaeojzifh rsKdodyfrxm;EkdifawmhyJ
0ifajymvdkufjcif; jzpfonf/ vdefvdefurl &d[dkudk pdwfqdk;[ef vHk;0rjyacs/ vifh[lcsKH;udk pdkufMunfhjyD;
pdwfraumif;aom avoHjzihf wdk;nif;pGm ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudkMuD; tckvdk jzpfoGm;&wm nDraMumifhyg/ uRefr tjypfyg/ uRefr odyfjyD; pdwfxdcdkuf&ygw,f/ ...
uRefr ... uRefrudk pdwfrqkd;ygeJYaemf}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl ausmufkyfMuD; wpfkyfuJhokdY jzpfaeawmhonf/ EIwfurl wpfcGef;wnf;aom pum;udkom
xyfcg wvJvJ ajymaerdawmh\/
]]rqdk;ygbl; .. rqdk;ygbl; ... rqdk;ygbl;}}
vdefvdefonf olr\ acgif;uav;udk kwfw&uf iHkYcsvdkufjyD; oufjyif;wpfcsufukd Idufvdkufonf/
xdkYaemuf wkd;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifhyif ...
]]tpfukdMuD; ... uRefr oGm;awmhr,f}}
]]at; ... oGm; ... oGm;}}
vdefvdefonf jznf;nif;pGmjzifh awmifay:rS qif;oGm;awmh\/
kwfw&uf olr\ ajcvSrf;rsm; &yfoGm;jyD; jyefvSnfhum ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ...tazu olYudk,fpm; uRefrudk awmif;yefcdkif;vdkufygw,f/ [efqef;*dkPf;u tpfrMuD;
ESpfa,mufudk xdef;csKyfxm;wJhudpeJY ywfoufjyD; tpfudkMuD;auseyfwJhtxd awmif;yefzkdY uRefrudk rSmvdkufyg
w,f/ ... uRefrwkdY 0gqef;*dkPf; jyefa&mufa&mufcsif; olwkdYudk vTwfvkdufyghr,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ua,mifuwrf;jzifh ...
]]at; ... aumif;w,f ... aumif;w,f}} [kom ajymEdkifawmhonf/ olu vdefvdef\ ausmjyifuav;udk
ai;armMunfhaeonfrSm aemufqHk;vHk;0 uG,faysmuf oGm;onftxd jzpfawmh\/
&d[dku ceJYjyHK;jyHK;um ...
]]'Dvdk rdef;uav;rsKd;u bmrsm; aumif;vdkYvJ/ ckwpfrsKd; awmfMumwpfrsKd;eYJ pdwfxm;uvnf; trsKd;rsKd;
ajymif;aevdu
k fwm/ rdef;uav;awG olYaMumifh emrnfysufw,f/ uRefrwdkY&JU vif;vif;eYq
J dk wjcm;pDyJ/
vif;vif;&JU ajczsm;udkawmif rrSDbl;}}
&d[kd\ pum;rsm;onf ua,mifacsmufcsm; jzpfaeaom vifh[lcsKH;udk owday;vdkufovdk jzpfoGm;onf/
kwfw&uf owdjyef0ifvmjyD; vif;vif;udk owd&rdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH; taejzihf apmapmu vdefvdeftm; ai;armMunfhaecJhonfh tjzpfudk vif;vif; awGUjrifoGm;aumif;
awGYjrifoGm; ayvdrfhrnf/ xkdtawG;0ifoGm;onfESifh rsufESm wpfjyifvHk; xlyloGm;awmh\/ vif;vif;udk iJhapmif;
Munfhvkdufrdonf/
vif;vif;onf tvGefyifyef; EGrf;e,fonfh [efjzihf idkufjrnf;ae\/ vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS ...
]]olom wu,f idkufae&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ}}
odkYaomf vif;vif;;onf tvGefw&m yg;eyfvSaom rdef;uav; jzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsKH; aumif;aumif;
odonf/ rQ ta&;MuD;aom tcsdefrsKd; vif;vif;wpfa,muf tb,frSmvQif idkufrsOf; aeEdkifvdrhfrnfenf;/
tcdkuftwefY av;twGif; rxdrf;odrf;Edkifaom pdwftmkHaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdefYtm; ai;armaecJhonfh
tjzpfudk vif;vif;wpfa,muf awGYaomfvnf; ... olronf tG,fESifh rvkdufatmif &ifhusufol wpfa,muf
jzpfom tm;vH;k tae& oufomap&ef idkufrsOf; [efaqmif aejcif; jzpf\/
,cktcsdefwGif vif;vif;tm; vdefvdefESifh ywfouf wpfpHkwpf&m &Sif;rjyjcif;om taumif;qHk;jzpfaMumif;
vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGm od&Sdonf/ ydkaumif;aom enf;rSm olr\ tmkHudk tjcm; wpfae&modkY a&mufatmif vkyf&ef
jzpfaMumif;udkvnf; awG;rdvkdufonf/
vif;vif;twGuf wpfckck vkyfay;&ef pdwful;vdkufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;\ OmPfrsm;vnf; Tifvmonf/ olu
ypfvSJ tdyfcsvdkufonf/ ycHk;rS'gPf&mudk wpfpHkwpfckESihf xdcdkufrdoGm;oa,mif wpfcsufrQ nnf;vdkuf\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
990
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;\ y&d,m,fum; aumif;pGm atmifjrifcJhonf/ ol\ nnf;oH Mum;vdkufonfESifh vif;vif;rSm

qwfueJ rsufvHk;zGifhvmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH; wu,fyif emusifoGm;onf[k olru xifvdkufojzihf
pdk;&drfwMuD; ar;jref;avawmh\/
]]tpfudk ... 'Pf&mudk cdkufrdoGm;ovm;[if}}
vif;vif;\ arwm taiGYtoufrsm;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif aEG;axG;rIudk cHpm;vdkuf&onf/ olu
wkd;nif;pGm jyefajymvdkufonf/
]]ckdufawmh cdkufrdoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh remygbl;}}
ajym&if;qd&k if;jzifh vif;vif;\ vufuav;udk vifh[lcsKH;u qkyfudkifxm; vdkufawmhonf/ ab;ywf0ef;
usifwpf0dkuf [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; &Sdaeojzifh vif;vif;rSm rsufESmav; &JueJjzpfoGm;onftxd &SufoGm;
awmhonf/ odkYaomf olr\vufudk twif;kef; vdkufjyefyguvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\'Pf&mudk xdcdkufoGm;rnfudk
pdk;&drfojzihf &Suf&SufESifh jidrfae&awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl vif;vif;\ El;nHhaysmhaysmif;vSaom vuf0g;av;udk yGwfoyfqkyfe,f&if; pdwfESvHk;
csrf;ajrYpGm tdyfaysmfoGm;awmhonf/
eHeufrk;d aomuf tvif;a&mufvmacsjyD/
wpfnvHk; ESpfjcdKufpGm tdyfaysmfcJhaom vifh[lcsKH; tdyf&mrSEkd;vmcJhacsjyD/ usefvl tm;vHk;wdkYrSm vifh[lcsKH;xuf
apmpD;pGm Edk;aeMujyD;jzpf\/ olwdkY tm;vHk;u vifh[lcsKH; tm;tifjynfh0ap&ef wrifoufouf rEId;yJ xm;Mujcif;
jzpfonf/ pum;udkyif us,favmifpGm rajymMuacs/
vifh[lcsKH; rsufpdzGifhvdkufonfESihf vif;vif;\ eDjref;aeaom &SufpEdk;rsufESmav;udk a&S;OD;pGm awGUjrifvdkuf
&onf/ vif;vif; wpfa,muf tb,faMumifh rQ &Sufaeonfudk olu kwfw&uf oabmraygufacs/
tdyf&mrS xxdkifvdkufaomtcgrS vif;vif;\ vufuav;udk olYtaejzihf ,ckxd qkyfudkifvsuf &Sdao;
aMumif; owdjyKvdkuf rdawmhonf/
vif;vif;\ rsufESmav; eDjref;&jcif;udk vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGm oabmaygufoGm;onf/ vif;vif;wa,muf
rdrd tdyf&mrS Edk;rnfudk pdk;&drfojzifh wpfnvHk; olYvufudk jyefvnf kyfodrf;jcif;rjyKyJ aecJhaMumif; odvdkuf&
aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifcGifwpfckvHk; wodro
fh drfh wkefcg oGm;avawmh\/
[efqef;*dkPf;om; tm;vHk;u pm;aomuf&eftwGuf jyifqifaeMuonf/ tm;vHk; pm;aomufjyD;pD;
aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]igwkdY tm;vHk; [efqef;awmifudk jyefMupdkY/ odkif;orm;awGvJ awmfawmfav; &Sif;vif;oGm;jyDqdkawmh
pdwfat;vufat; jyefEdkifjyDayghuGm}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;qHk;aomtcg xifaygESifh ykusufbkef;MuD;wkdYESpfa,mufu teD;tem;rS opfudkif;rsm;?
0g;rsm;udk ckwu
f m vifh[lcsKH; twGuf xrf;pifwpfck jyKvkyfMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;udk olwkdYESpfa,mufyif xrf;ydk;um [efqef;awmif tjyefc&D;udk pwifMuawmhonf/ olwkdYtm;vHk;
aumif;qef;awmif\ awmifckvwf&Sd {nfha*[modkY a&muf&Sdaomtcg &ufykcRefu olwdkYudkxGuf EIwfquf
onf/ zl;vifESifh vdefvdefwdkYukdrl vHk;0 rawGU&acs/
awmifajcodkY a&mufaomtcg 'Pf&m&aeaom vifh[lcsKH;twGuf jrif;vSnf;wpfpD; iSm;&rf;Muonf/
vif;vif;u xkdvSnf;ESifhvkduf vifh[lcsKH;udk jyKpkay;&ef pDpOfMuonf/ naeapmif;a&mufaomtcg jrdKUav;
wpfjrdKUodkY a&mufvmMuawmhonf/
vufzuf&nfqdkifav; wpfqdkifawGYojzifh 0iftem;,lvdkufMuonf/ qkdifxJodkY 0ifrdonfhtcgrS qkdifxJwGif
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm; xkdifaeMuonfudk awGUvdkufawmhonf/ csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfMuD; &Dcsef;yg xdkifaeonf/
&Dcsef;onf [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; 0ifvmonfudk awGU&aomtcg rsufESm ysufoGm;awmhonf/ raeYnu
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; a&SUwGif &SufzG,fvdvd IH;edrfhcJh&onf r[kwfygvm;/ rjrifrawGUvdkonfh rsufESmrsm;ESifh
MuHMuHzefzef a&pufqHkvmjcif;aywnf;/
&Dcsef;onf rsufESmudk tjcm;zufodkYvSnfh rjrifrawGU [efaqmifaevdkuf&av\/ vifh[lcsKH;wkdYurl
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
991
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm; &Sdaeonf[l trSwfrxm;MuyJ at;aq;pGm qkdifxJ0ifvmjyD; pm;yGJvGwfrsm;wGif 0ifxdkif

vdkufMu\/ vufzuf&nfrsm; rSm,lvsuf oufawmifhoufom tem;,l vku
d fMuawmh\/
xdkpOf cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS 'kef;pdkif;pD;eif;vmaom jrif;ESpfaumifudk awGUvdkufMu&onf/ xdkjrif;ESpfaumifonf
vufzuf&nfqkid fa&SUa&mufonfESifh csufcsif;yif wHkYueJ &yfoGm;Muawmhonf/
tm;vHk;u jrif;pD;orm;ESpfa,mufudk MunfhvkdufrdMuonf/ vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwdkYESpfa,muf jzpfaeacs
onfwum;/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
992
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkif;q&mMuD;wpfOD;\ vrf;qHk;
xkdpOf vifrdefusufxHrS vSrf; atmf[pfajymMum;vdkufaom pum;udk qdkifwGif;rS vltm;vHk; yDopGm
Mum;vdkufMuonf/
]]&Dcsef; ... cifAsm;u owd tawmfaumif;aeygvm;/ cifAsm;udk owfr,fqdkwm odvsufom;eJY bmjzpfvdkY
xGufrajy;yJ ae&wmvJ}}
&Dcsef;u ukvm;xkdifwpfvHk;wGif at;aq;pGm xkdifvsuf vufzuf&nfMurf; aomufaeonf/ vifrdefusufudk
vHk;0 ta&;rpdkufacs/ olu aomufvufp tMurf;yef;uefudk jyefcsjyD;rS ...
]]rif;u bmawG vmajymaewmvJ/ igu b,fukd ajy;&rSmvJ? 'DrSm wrif apmifhaewmuG/ rif; vmjyD;
taocHrSmudk apmifhaewm}}
]]aMomf .. cifAsm;u 'Dvdkvm; .. aumif;jyD}}
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh vifrdefusufu "m;udkqGJxkwfum jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;vdkufawmh\/ xdkYaemuf ol\ "m;udk
ab;bufodkY kwfw&uf xkd;vdkufjyD; csufcsif;yif jrif;ay:ckefwufum 'kef;pdkif; pD;xGuf oGm;avawmh\/
vrf;ab; &yfaeaom csif;csef*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufrSm &if0rS aoG;yGufyGuf xGufum vJusoGm;avawmh\/
vifrdeu
f suf\ "m;csufrSm xl;qef;avpG/ olu "m;qGJ jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;vkdufaomtcg vlwkdif;u
&Dcsef;udk wkdufcdkufawmhrnf[k rSwfxifvdkufMuonf/ odkYaomf vifrdefusufonf vltm;vHk; arQmfvifhxm;onfudk
rvkyfyJ ab;rS vlwpfa,mufudk xkd;owfvu
dk fonf/
&Dcsef;onf vifrdefusuf\"m;odkif;udk vHk;0trIrxm;ay/ vifrdefusuf "m;qGJ jrif;ay:rS qif;vmonfudk
awGUvdkuf&aomtcg vGefpGm 0rf;omrdonf/ onfwpfMudrfwGif &Sif;ypfEdkifawmhrnf[k awG;xm;onf/
odkY&mwGif vifrdefusufu ab;em;wGif at;aq;pGm&yfaeaom olYcsif;csef*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufudk
rxifrSwfyJ xkd;owfum jrif;'kef;pkdif;pD; xGufoGm;acsjyD/
&Dcsef;rSm a'goxGufvGef;vSojzifh tom;rsm;yif wqwfqwf wkefvmavawmh\/ olu vifrdefusuf
aemufodkY vdkuf&ef qkdifjyifokdY xGufvmonf/ odkY&mwGif vdefvdefwkdY pD;oGm;onfh jrif;rsm;udk arQmfMunfhjyD; &Dcsef;
pdwfavQmhvdkuf&onf/ olwkdYESpfa,muf\ jrif;rsm;rSm jrif;aumif;rsm;jzpfMu olYtaejzifh rnfodkYrQ trDrvkduf
EdkifaMumif; odvdkufonf/
vifrdeu
f suf\ "m;uGufudk awGYvdkufaom vifh[lcsKH;url xdwfueJjzpfoGm;rdonf/ pdwfxJrS wD;wdk;
a&GwfvdkufrdonfrSm ...
]]olY&JU"m;uGuu
f w,faumif;ygvm;/ ighvufxJrSmom "m;r&Sd&if olY"m;udk b,fvdkrS a&Smifwdrf;EdkifrSm
r[kwfbl;}}
&Dcsef;onf a'govnf;xGuf? &Sufvnf; &SufoGm;ojzifh vifrdefusuftm; a'gowMuD; vSrf;atmfvkduf
onf/ vifrdefusufwkdYESpfa,mufrSmum; a0;oGm;jyD jzpfojzihf olYatmfoHudk rMum;awmhacs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
993
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dcsef;onf &Suf&rf;&rf;onfh avoHjzihf ...

]]a[; ... r,foDv&ifawG ... rif;wkdYu 'D vifrdefusufqdkwJh acG;aumifvmr,frSef;odvdkY wrifoufouf
vmtm;ay; Muwmaygh .... [kwfvm;/ uJ ... tck olawmh xGufajy;oGm;jyD/ rif;wkdY owd&Sd&if xGufvmcJhMu/
igeJY jydKifr,f}}
[efqef;*dkPf;xJwGif &d[dkonf a'gotMuD;qHk;jzpfonf/ &Dcsef;\pum;udk Mum;onfESifh olru "m;udk
csufcsif;qGJxkwfum &Dcsef;udk jyef pdefac:vdkufonf/
]]&Sif bmpum;ajymwmvJ/ &Sif jydKifcsifw,fqdk&if tcsdefraG;yJ ... vmcJh ... uRefreJY jydKifr,f}}
,ck vufzuf&nfqkid fxJwGif a&mufaeaom [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;xuf
vltiftm; rsm;aeonf/ xifayg? ykusufbkef;MuD; tp&Sdonfh xdyfoD; okdif;orm;rsm;vnf; yg&Sdaeao;onf/
wu,fwrf;wdkufcdkufvQif csif;csef*dkPf;om;wkdY rIrvS jzpfoGm;&ayvdrfrh nf/
&Dcsef;onf xdktcsufudk rodr[kwf/ &Sufa'goaMumifh pdwfrxdef;EdkifyJ vTwfueJ ajymvdkufrdjcif;om
jzpfawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&uf 0ifajymvdkuf\/
]]&d[dk ... olu
Y dk ta&;pdkufraeygeJY}}
xdkpOf vif;vif;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,muf\ab;em;odkY uyfjyD; wD;wkd;ajymvdkufonf/ wpfqufwnf;yif
axmifuef;? axmif&Srf;? axmifusufESifh axmif&ufwkdYav;a,mufonf ckefxGufoGm;awmhonf/ tjyifrSm&Sdaom
csif;csef*dkPf;om;wd\
kY jrif;wpfaumifudk ajcwpfacsmif;pDudkif qGJjzJjyvdkufavawmh\/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;onf tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ pGrf;yum;udk MuHKzl;onf r[kwfacs/ ,ckuJhodkY
tHhMoxdwfvefYzG,f&m tiftm;jyrIudk MuHK&aomtcg tm;vHk;vdkvdk rsufpdrsufESm ysufukefMuavawmh\/
vif;vif;u ...
]]&Dcsef; ... vifrdefusufu uRefrwkdYeJY bmrSrqkdifbl;/ uRefrwkdYu b,fbufurS rulbl; ... uRefrajym
wm &Sif;w,fr[kwfvm;/ &SifwkdYu uRefrwdkYudk qGJrxnfheJY/ onfvkdajymwm uRefrwkdYu &SifwkdYudk aMumufae
w,frxife/JY wu,fwrf; ,SOfMupwrf;qkd&if &SifwdkYtaeeJY uRefrwkdYudk vHk;0,SOfvdkY r&ygbl;}}
&Dcsef;onfvnf; olYwynfhrsm;enf;wlyif tHhzG,fajcmufa,mufwkdY\ tiftm;udk xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/
olY"m;udk "m;tdrftwGi;f odkY jyefxdk;oGi;f vdkufjyD;aemuf &Dcsef;u ...
]]aumif;jyD ... 'Dvkdqdk&if udk,fhvrf;udk,foGm; MukHaygh ... rif;wkdY t&ifoGm;Muyg}}
vif;vif;u ...
]]'gawmh onf;cHyg .. uRefrwkdYu &SifwkdYoGm;jyD; aemufrS oGm;MurSmyg/ &SifwkdY&JU vrf;aMumif;twkdif;
aemufuvkduMf urSmyJ}}
&Dcsef;u rsufarSmifukwf jyefar;vkdufonf ...
]]bmjzpfvkdY usKyfwkdY vrf;aMumif;twkdif; vkdufrSmvJ}}
vif;vif;u ]]&Sifu ar;awmhvJ ajz&ao;wmaygh/ ... vifrdefusuf&JU "m;odkif;uGufu odyfxl;qef;ae
w,f/ ... enf;enf;aemaem r[kwfbl;/ ... tawmfhudk xl;qef;aew,f/ .... 'gaMumifh uRefrwdkYtaeeJY olY&JU
"m;odkif;uGufawGudk avhvmMunfhcsifw,f}}
vif;vif;\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aom vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf vGefpGm auseyfoGm;awmh\/ olajymcsif
aeaom pum;rsm;udk vif;vif;u olYtpm; ajymay;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ vifrdefusuf\ "m;odkif;ukd avhvm
csifpdwf olYwGif tvGefjyif;jyaeonf/
&Dcsef;u ...
]][kdaumif&JU "m;odkif;ukd MunfhcsifwmeJY ... rif;u ighaemufudk vdkufr,fvkdY ajymwmeJY bmqkdifvdkYvJ}}
ajymvkdufjyD;onfESifh &Dcsef;wpfa,muf tajctaeudk em;vnfoabmayguf oGm;awmh\/ vifrdefusuf
onf rdrdtay: rajyEdkifaomtjidK;jzifh &efaMuG;qyfrnfhol wpfa,muf jzpf&m rdrd\ *dkPf;om; wpfa,mufwnf;
aokHjzifh auseyfrnfr[kwfacs/ olu a&SUquf owfayvdrfhOD;rnf/ xkdYaMumifh vifrdefusuf\ xl;jcm;aom
"m;odkif;udk Munfhvdkonfholrsm;taejzifh rdrdaemufvdkufaeygu vifrdefusuf\ "m;odkif;udk rkcs awGUjrif&ayvdrfh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
994
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rnf/
tajctaeudk oabmaygufoGm;aomfvnf; &Dcsef;onf tMuD;tus,f cH&cufaeawmhonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;
\avoHt& rdrdwdkYcsif;csef*dkPf;onf om;owform;\ "g;atmuf vnfpif;ay;ae&onfh odk;i,fuav;rsm;
yrm jzpfaeonf/ rdrdwkdYtm;vHk; towfcH&rnfh tcsdefudk apmifhqdkif;ae&ovdk jzpfaeawmhonf/
&Dcsef;rSm awG;&if;jzifh ydk a'goxGufvmawmhonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;tm; jyefvnfqJqdk&ef [efjyif
vdkufao;onf/ rqJjzpf&ef olYudk,fol MudK;pm;yrf;pm; jyefvnf xdef;csKyfvkduf&onf/
r&,fcsifh &,fcsifjzihf ][ifh} ueJ wpfcsuf&,fvdkufum pm;yGJay:rS a&aEG;u&m;udk aumuf,ljyD; iSJYvkduf
onf/ wGif &Dcsef;wpfa,muf rsufESm ysufoGm;awmhonf/
tb,faMumifhqkdaomf u&m;ukd ukdifxm;onfh olYvufrsm; wkefaeaomaMumifhwnf;/ vifrdefusuf
a&mufvmpOfu olYtaejzihf vHk;0rwkefvIyfacs/ ,ckrS tb,fodkY jzpf&avoenf;/ olYukd,fol jyefar;vkduf
onf/
]]ighvufu bmjzpfvdkY 'Davmuf wkefae&wmvJ}}
&Dcsef;u olYvufrsm; rwkefap&ef tm;wif; xdef;csKyfvdkufonf/ odkYaomf r&acs/ wkefjrJ wkefaeonfom/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;u olwdkYq&m wpfa,muf vGefpGma'goxGufaeojzifh uJhokdY wkefvIyfaeonf[k
rSwfxifaeMuonf/
wu,fhwu,fwGifrl &Dcsef;onf olYpdwf"mwftrSefudk odvkdufonf/ olaMumufaeonf/ oltvGefaMumuf
aeonf/
apmapmydkif;u vifrdefusuf xkwfoHk;vdkufonfh "m;uGufrsKd;udk olYtaejzihf vHk;0 rumuG,fEdkifacs/ ... rckcH
rumuG,fEdkifoltwGuf rnfonfhvrf; &Sdygawmhrnfenf;/ aojcif;rSvGJ tjcm;vrf; r&Sd/
xkdtcsdefwGif ol\jrif;vSnf;xJodkY vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf jyef0ifxkdifaevkdufonf/ oluvnf; apmapmwkef;
u vifrdefusuf xkwfoHk;vkdufaom "m;uGufukd jyefvnfoHk;oyfaerdonf/
vGefcJhjyD;aom&ufrsm;u r[l&mawmifuek f;ay:rS wkdufyGJokdY vifh[lcsKH;\tawG;rsm; jyefvnfa&muf&SdoGm;
onf/ ]ESpfaygif;wpf&mtwGif; tawmfqHk; odkif;orm;} [k emrnf&ol aerif;ocif*dkPf;csKyf wHk;zef;ykonf
vufxJwGif yef;xdk;tyfacsmif;av; wpfacsmif;udkomudkifjyD; odkif;avmu\ xdyfqHk;[k qkdEdkifavmufaom
xdyfoD; odki;f orm; av;a,mufukd ,SOfjydKifwdkufcdkufcJhonf/
wHk;zef;ykESifh wkdufcdkuforQaom av;a,mufpvHk; &Sd&SdorQpGrf;tm;udk npfxkwf aMumufvefYwMum;
ckcHwkdufcdkufcJh&onf/
aocsmpGm pOf;pm;Munfhaomtcg wHk;zef;yk\twGif;tm; vGefpGmaumif;vSonfr[kwfaMumif; owdxm;
rdvmonf/ ol\odkif;uGufrSm xl;qef;vSjyD; xda&mufrI&Sdonf/ ol\vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;rSm aMumufrufzG,f&m
jrefqefvGef;vSaomaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;wkdYav;a,mufpvHk; taotaMu ckcH&jcif;jzpfayonf/
aumif;qef;awmifxdyfwGif &Dcsef;udk vifrdefusufu csKyfudkifpOfu toHk;jyKvdkufaom odkif;uGufESifh ,ck
vwfwavmwGif vifrdefusufu csif;csef*dkPf;om;udk xdk;owfcJhaom odkif;uGufrsm;rSm wHk;zef;yk\ okdif;uGuf
rsm;ESifh tawmfuav; qifwlaeonf/
xkdYtjyif awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf aG;yGJwGif usdvifxef\rsufvHk;rsm;udk &ufykcRef xkd;azmufvu
dk fpOfuvnf;
odkif;uGufrsKd;udk toHk;jyK xkd;azmufvkdufjcif;yifjzpfonf/
odkif;uGuftm;vHk;onf bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;uGuf jzpfaeava&mhovm;/
,if;odkY pOf;pm;vdkufrdaomtcg vifh[cl sKH;wpfa,muf oHa0*&pGmjzifh a&Gwfvkdufrdonf/
]]aMomf ... bDvl;rD; .. bDvl;rD; ... 'Dokdif;ynmu emrnfeJYvkdufatmif 'kuay;wJh odkif;ynmygvm;}}
xkdpOf vif;vif;u tem;odkYa&mufvmonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf wpfwGwfwGwf a&Gwfaeonfudk
jrifoGm;awmh\/
]]tpfudk ... bmawG pOf;pm;jyD; ... bmawGGwfaewmvJ}}
apmapmu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;ESifh ywfoufjyD; olpOf;pm;rdorQudk vifh[lcsKH;u ajymjyvdkufonf/ xkdtcg
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
995
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;u
]][kwfr,f ... aeMumyef;odkif;aygif;csKyfeJY bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;[m twlwlyJjzpf&r,f/ 'gaMumifh wkH;zef;ykeJY
&ufykcRefwdkY&JU odkif;uGufawG[m twlwlyJ jzpfaewm}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;ndwf oabmwlvdkufonf/ vif;vif;u olr owdjyKvdkufrdaom tcsufwpfcsufudk
ajymvdkufjyefonf/
]]tpfudk wpfck owdxm;rdvm;}}
]]bmvJ vif;vif;}}
]]vifrdefusuf&JU t0wftpm;awGu odyfjyD; awmufajymifaeovdkyJ}}
xkdpum;udk ajymjyD;onfESifh vif;vif;u vifh[lcsKH;tyg;rS xGufcGmoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u tHhMooGm;
onf/ pdwfxJrS ...
]]rdef;uav;awG owdxm;rdwmu t0wftpm;ygvm;/ vif;vif; ajymoGm;wmudkyJMunfh ... ]vifrdefusuf&JU
t0wftpm;awGu odyfjyD; awmufajymifaeovdkyJ} wJh ... 'gu bmoabmvJ/ bmrsm; qef;Mu,fvdkYvJ ...
vifrdefusuf[m owdkYom; topfusyfcRwfav;yJ/ 'Dawmh 'Ddvkd awmufawmufajymifajymif t0wftpm;awG
0wfwm bmqef;vdkYvJ ... rdef;uav;awGrsm; odyf&,fp&maumif;wmyJ/ olwkdYpdwfxJrSm olrsm;&JU t0wftpm;udk
b,fvkdtcsdefyJ jzpfjzpf owdxm;rdMuw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf jrif;vSnf;ay:wGifom tdyfpufvdkufonf/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;u ESdyfpufaeojzifh awmfawmfESifh
tdyfraysmf/ neufydkif;rS arS;ueJ tdyfaysmfomG ;awmhonf/
rnfrQtxd tdyfaysmfaeonfrod/ nnfheufydkif;odkY a&muf&Sdvmaomtcg ta0;rS jrif;cGmoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf
&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;Edk;vmonf/ taotcsm em;pdkufaxmifvkdufaomtcg jrif;ESpfpD; ajy;vmjcif;jzpfaMumif;
aumif;pGm cefYrSef;Edkifonf/ tdyfae&mrS vifh[lcsKH; xxkdifvdkufrdawmh\/
MuuftdyfMuufEdk; aeMuojzifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsma&m? csif;csef*P
dk f;om;rsm;yg csufcsif;Edk;vmMuonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u ckESpfa,mufwpfzGJY tkyfpkodkif;uGufcif;um apmifhaeMuonf/ csif;csef*kP
d f;om;
rsm;url ysm,mcwf aeMuawmhonf/
rMumrDyif jrif;ESpfpD;u olwdkY&Sd&modkY a&mufvmawmhonf/ vifrdefusufwkdY vifr,m; ESpfa,mufyif
jzpfacsawmhonf/ vifrdefusufu atmf ...
]]&Dcsef; .... cifAsm;u usKyfwkdYrsKd;dk;ykdif "m;odkif;udkvdkcsifawmh ... usKyfwkdY&JU tmrcHXmeu vlawGudk
Muufuav;? iSufuav;awGvdk owfcJhw,f/ 'gwifru usKyfrdbawGudkyg &uf&ufpufpuf owfvdkufao;
w,f/ ... 'Dawmhum ... usKyf wpfck pOf;pm;vmw,f/ cifAsm; vdkcsifwJh usKyfwkdYrsKd;dk;ykdif "m;odkif;udk cifAsm;
aocsm jrif&atmif wpfuGufcsif; upm;jyr,fvdkY .. uJ .. aoaocsmcsm Munfhaemf}}
ajymajymqdkqkdESifh vifrdefusufonf jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vifrdefusuftm; tuJcwfvkduo
f nf/ vif;vif; ajymcsifp&myif ... vifrdefusuf\ t0wf
tpm;rsm;rSm vGefvGefuJuJ awmufajymifaeonf/ yef;yGifhrsm;ESifh tvStyrsm; pDjc,fxm;ao;onf/ cg;wGif
vnf; aTa&mifw0if;0if; awmufaeaom cg;ywfwpfckudk ywfpnf;xm;onf/
vifh[lcsKH;pdwfxJwGif ...
]]t&ifwkef;u vifrdefusufeJY tck vifrdefusufu uGmjcm;vSacsvm;/ vifrdefusufqdkwm taetxkdif?
tajymtqdk? t0wftpm;? t&rf;dk;wmyg/ tckawmh b,fvkd jzpfoGm;wmvJ rodbl;/ owdkYom; jzpfoGm;vdkYvm;yJ
rod}}
&Dcsef;onf ,ckwpfMudrfwGifawmh vlyg;vleyf jzpfoGm;acsjyD/ wpfcgaozl;? ysOfzdk;em;vnfqkdaom pum;t&
vifrdefusufudk tem;odkY tuyfrcHawmhacs/ &Dcsef; vufa0SU,rf; jyvdkufonfESifh csif;csef*dkPf;om;
av;a,mufwYu
dk "m;udk,fpD udkifaqmifum a&SUaemuf ab;b,f,mrS nyfyl;nyfydwf wkdufckdufawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf ol\vufESpfzufudk vsifjrefpGm vIyf&Sm;vdkufonf/ yxrwpfcsufwGif olu ab;bufrS
&efolESpfa,muf\ vufESpfzufudk wGef;vTwfvdkufonf/ csufcsif;vdkvdkyif tjcm;&efol ESpfa,mufudkvnf;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
996
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wGef;vdkufjyef\/
pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufonfh &efolav;a,muf\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ xkdYaemuf &efolESpfa,mufrmS
a&S;OD;pGm vJusoGm;\/ xkdvlESpfa,mufonf vifrdefusuf\ "m;csuf rdoGm;jcif; r[kwfacs/ vifrdefusufu
vufjzifh wGef;vdu
k fjcif;aMumifh olwdkY\ "m;rsm;u olwdkY\ csufatmufudk jyefxkd;rdoGm;Mujcif; jzpfawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufxHrS atmf[pf ajymMum;oH xGufvmjyef\/
]]'gu 'kwd,eJY wwd, tuGufawGy/J aoaocsmcsm Munfhxm;aemf}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh olu jrif;ay:odkY vTm;ueJckefwufvkdufum 'kef;pdkif; ajy;xGufoGm; avawmhonf/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm ai;aMumif&yfaerdMu&m vifrdefusufaemufrS ajy;vdkuf&efudkyif owdr&yJ jzpfaeawmh
\/
tapmykdif;u vifrdefusuftm; 0dkif;0ef;wkdufcdkufMuonfh csif;csef*dkPf;om;av;a,mufteuf ESpfa,mufrSm
rwfwyf&yfvsufyif &Sdaeao;\/ odkYaomf rvIyfr&Sm;? pum;vnf; rajymEdkifMuacs/ taotcsm Munfhvkdufaom
tcgrS olwdkY ESpfa,mufrSm rwfwyf&yfvsuf toufxGufaeonfudk xdwfvefYpzG,f awGU&SdMuawmhonf/
xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSaom aoyHkaoenf;yif jzpfawmh\/ ESpfa,mufom; rsufESmcsif;qdkif &yfaeMu&m
wpfa,muf\ "m;onf tjcm;wpfa,muf\ 0rf;AdkuftwGif;odkY xkd;pdkufxm;Muonf/ ESpfa,mufpvHk; touf
r&Sd awmhaomfvnf; "m;rsm;u jrJjrHpGm xkd;0ifaeMuojzihf cEmudk,fESpfckrSm vJusroGm;jcif; jzpfawmh\/
vifrdeu
f suf\ wkdufuGufukd vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm awGUjrifvdkuf&onf/ olYpdwfxJrS vifrdefusufudk
usdwf csD;usL;vdkufonf/
ywf0ef;usif avmuMuD;wpfckvHk; wdwfqdwfjidrfoufvsuf &Sdaeonf/ va&mifatmufwGif tavmif;aumif
av;cktMum; csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&Dcsef;onf aoG;ysufum ai;aMumifaMumif&yfaerdawmh\/ csif;csef*dkPf;om;
rsm;onf &Dcsef;ESifh rvSrf;rurf;wGif &yfaeMuonf/ rnfolrQ pum;rajym&JMuacs/
twefMumaomtcgrS *dkPf;om;rsm;onf wdwfqdwfpGmjzifh udk,fhae&mudk,f jyefoGm;Muawmhonf/
&Dcsef;rSmrl tavmif;rsm;Mum;wGif &yf ai;arm usefae&pfonf/
odkY&yfae&&Smaom &Dcsef;udk vifh[lcsKH; oem;oGm;onf/ csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfMuD;onf wpfcsdefu tvGef
armufrmcJholjzpf\/ ,ckawmh olYtaejzifh rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkifawmhay/ olwwfuRrf;xm;aom odkif;ynmjzifh
olYwynfhrsm;udk rumuG,fEkdifyJ jzpfcJh&acsjyD/ olYwynfhrsm;\ toufudkrajymESifh? olYtoufukdyif rumuG,f
EdkifyJ jzpfaecJh&jyD/ ,cktcsdefwGif olYtaejzifh aojcif;w&m;udk xkdifapmihfaekHrSvGJ tjcm;r&SdawmhjyD/
aemufwpfaeY eHeufwGif csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm; c&D;qufMu\/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;onf aemufzuf
rvSrf;rurf;rS cyfcGmcGmav; vdkufygvmMuonf/
aeYvnf rGef;wnfhaomtcg GmMuD;wpfGmodkY qkdufa&mufvmMuonf/ ESpf*dkPf;pvHk; xkdGmMuD;xJokdY 0ifum
pm;aomufMuonf/ csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;onf raeYu rnfodkYrQ rjzpfysufcJhonfhtvm; tpm;taomufrsm;udk
tm;&yg;& pm;aomufMuonf/
xkdYaemuf c&D;qufxGufMuonf/ naeapmif;aomtcg jrpfMuD; wpfpif;odkY a&muf&SdvmMuonf/ olwkdYonf
jrpfdk;wpfavQmuf c&D;qufMujyefonf/ xkdtcsdefwGif vifrdefusufwkdY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf a&muf&SdvmMuawmh
\/ vdefvdefu teD;odkYa&mufonfESifh olr\ jrif;ZufMudK;udkqGJum wHkUueJ &yfvkdufonf/
&Dcsef;onf vufa0SU,rf; tcsufay;vdkuf&m csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;onf awmifzufodkY xGufajy;oGm;Mu
avawmh\/ &Dcsef;url aemufrSajy;vdkufonf/ vifrdefusufu xkdtjcif;t&mudk Munfh w[m;[m; atmf&,f
um ........
]]&Dcsef; .. *sykMuD;? cifAsm; usKyfvufu cifAsm; b,fvdkvkyfjyD; ajy;vGwfrSmvJ}}
atmf[pf&,farm&if; vifrdefusufu jrif;ESifh vkdufawmh\/
xdkpOf &Dcsef;onf ajcvSrf;rsm;udk wHkYueJ&yfwefYvdkufjyD; aemufzufodkYvSnfh wkdufcdkufvdkuf avawmhonf/
vifrdefusufrmS tvGeftHhtm;oifh oGm;awmh\/ &Dcsef;u xkdodkY wkdufcdkufvmvdrfhrnf[k olu vHk;0 rxifrSwf
cJhacs/ olYtaejzihf jrif;ay:rS rqif;EkdifawmhyJ "m;udk uref;uwef; qGx
J kwf ckcHwkdufcdkuf&awmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
997
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&Dcsef;\ "m;csufrsm;rSm vGefpGm aMumufrufzG,f aumif;vS\/ "m;uGufrsm;onf wpfcsufxufwpfcsuf

ydk jrefvmonf/ olYtoufrSm i,fvSonf r[kwfawmh/ toufajcmufq,fcefYyif &SdaeavmufjyD/ odkYaomf
ol\ "m;csufrsm;rSm vli,fwpfa,muf xdk;ckwfaeouJhodkY tvGefjyif;xefvSjyD; vsifjrefvS\/
usefaom csif;csef*dkPf;om;&Spfa,mufwkdYrSm "m;rsm;udk udk,fpDudkifpGJum vifrdefusuf\ jrif;ab;ywfvnf
wGif 0dkif;xm;vdu
k fMu\/ olwkdYu vifrdefusufwpfa,muf jrif;ay:rS rqif;Edkifatmif wm;qD;xm;jcif;jzpf\/
xdktjcif;t&mudk Munfh vifh[lcsKH; pdwfxJrS ...
]]&Dcsef;[m tawGUtMuHK wu,f&ifhusufwJhvlyJ/ vifrdefusuf&JY"m;odkif; odyfaumif;aewmudk
aumif;aumif;odw,f/ ... 'Dvdkenf;eJYwkdufzkdY tuGufxGifEdkifwmudku olYudk csD;usL;zkdYaumif;aejyD/ 'Dvdkenf;eJYom
rwkduf&if vifrdefusufudk ol b,fvdkrS ,SOfEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;}}
rnfodkYyif jzpfap/ vifrdefusufonf &Dcsef;\ wkdufcdkufrIudk jrif;ay:rS aumif;pGm ckcHaeEkdifonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vdefvdef&Sd&modkY vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ wGif vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;
oGm;&awmhonf/
csif;csef*dkPf;om; ajcmufa,mufwYu
kd vdefvdefYudk 0kdif; wkdufckdufaeMuonf/ vdefvdefrSm wjznf;jznf;ESifh
jrpfurf;pyfokYd qkwfcGmae&onf/ olronf &efolwpfa,muf\ vufarmif;udk ckwfjzwfEkdifcJhaomfvnf; cHppfrS
wkdufppfodkY rajymif;vJ EkdifcJhacs/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;onf aoG;qmaeaom 0HykavGrsm;ES,f tl;trl; wkdufckdufaeMuojzihf vdefvdefYtzdkY ydk
'kua&mufae&onf/ olru aMumufGHUvmonfESifhtrQ tqufrjywf aemufqkwfae&onf/ aemufqHk;wGif
olr\ ajcaxmufwpfzufyif a&xJodkY usoGm;avjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;u tvefYwMum; atmf[pfvdkuf\/ &Dcsef;\tMuHtpnfudk vifh[lcsKH; &dyfrdvdkufacsjyD/ tMuH
tpnfrSm r[l&m awmifukef; wHk;zef;yktm; rdrdwkdY tEkdif wkdufcdkufEkdifcJhonfh enf;vrf;yifwnf;/
,if;tcsdeu
f wHk;zef;yktm; pdwfaomua&mufap&ef &efviftm; vif;vif;u oGm;ESdyfpufcJhonf/ ,if;
tcsufaMumifh wHk;zef;yk pdwfysufjym;um olwdkY tEkdif&cJhonf/
,ck &Dcsef;onfvnf; xdkenf;vrf;udk oHk;aeacsjyD/ vifrdefusufonf ol\ZeD; topfpufpufav; 'ku
a&mufaeonfuadk wGUvQif u,fwif&ef rkcsMudK;yrf;&rnf/ odkYqkdvQif rnfodkYrQ pdwfwnfjidrfrnf r[kwfawmh
acs/ wGif &Dcsef;taejzifh tcGifhaumif; &&Sdayrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vifrdefusufudk vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ vifrdefusufrmS rl wHk;zef;ykESihf vm;vm;MuD; qefYusifae
onf/ olonf &Dcsef;ESifh wpfuGufcsif; jyefvSef wkdufckdufaeonf/ olYZeD;av;\ aoa&;&Sifa&;udk vHk;0*k
rpdkufacs/
vdefvdefcrsm ydk tajctaeqdk;vmonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... uRefrudk vmulygOD;}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf vdefvdef\ tultnD awmif;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg jyefvSef ...
]]'D*sykMuD;u bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk aocsmMunfhcsifw,fwJh/ 'gaMumifh igu olYudk upm;jyaewm/ olYcrsm
'D"m;odkif;udk vdkcsifvdkY MudK;pm;vdkuf&wm/ igwkdYtmrcHXmeu ay;vdkuf&wJhtoufawG renf;bl;/ ... igtck
upm;jywmudk jrif&rS oltaoajzmifhrSmrdkY aoaocsmcsm upm;jyaewmyg}}
ajymajymqkdqkdjzifh vifrdefusufu "m;uGufrsm;udk qufwkdufxkwfvdkuf&m &Dcsef;rSm ysm,mcwfpGmjzifh
ckcHumuG,f ae&awmhonf/
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;rSm trSefwu,fyif aumif;vSacsonf/ vifrdefusufu jrif;ay:wGif &Sdaeaomfvnf;
&Dcsef;rSm bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;uGufrsm;Mum;rS vGwfajrmufatmif rxGufEkdifyJjzpfaeonf/ vifrdefusuf\ "m;uGuf
rsm;Mum;wGif ydwfrdaeojzifh qkwfajy;&efyif rjzpfEkdifawmhay/
vifrdeu
f sufurl &Dcsef;udk csufcsif;taoowf&ef &nfG,f[efrwlacs/ aMumifu MuGufudk upm;ovdk
oluvnf; "m;uGufrsm;udkom upm;jyaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzkdYrSm vifrdefusufu vdefvdefY toufab;tE&m,f usa&mufaeonfudk umuG,fay;&ef
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
998
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
*krxm;yJ vspfvsLIaeonfudk awGU&aomtcg a'goxGufvmawmhonf/ a'goxGufjim;aomfvnf; rnfonfh

pum;jzifh atmf[pfMudrf;armif; &rnfudkvnf; rodyJjzpfaeawmh\/
tpyxru vifrdefusufonf &Dcsef;\wkdufppfaMumifh vdefvdeftm; vma&muf rulnDEkdifjcif; jzpfonf[k
vifh[lcsKH; xifaecJhonf/ odkY&mwGif ,ck awGYvm&onfrSm vifrdefusufu &Dcsef;udk tay:pD;rS wkdufcdkufae
onf/ owfypfcsifvQif owfypfEkdifonfh tajctaewGif &Sdae\/
okdYtajctae aumif;aeygvsuf tb,fhaMumifh vifrdefusufu vdefvdefudk oGm;a&muf ru,fwif&
oenf;/ vifh[lcsKH;onf vifrdefusuf\rsufESmudk taotcsm tuJcwfvdkuo
f nf/ olYrsufESmwGif &ufpuf
aom? emMunf;aom? auseyftm;&aom? trlt&mrsm;onf jyufjyufxifxif ay:aygufvsuf&Sdonf/
vdefvdefYqDrS aemufxyf atmfac:oH Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ wpfacgufwGif aMumufvefYrIrsm; ygvmacsjyD/
vifrdefusufurl ...
]]vmr,f ... vmr,f ... enf;enf;av; awmifhxm;vkdufOD; .. bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk upm;jyvdkY jyD;oGm;&if
rif;qDudk vmcJhr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdefYtwGuf tvGefpdk;&drfaeacsjyD/ olY 'Pf&m&xm;ojzihf udk,fwkdif xGufwkduf&ef
rjzpfEkdifacs/ xdkYjyifvnf; [efqef;*dkPf;u rnfonfhzufurQ rulnD[k pum;&Sdxm;ojzihf [efqef;*dkPf;om;
rsm;uvnf; rulnDEdkifyJ jzpfae&onf/
xdkpOf vif;vif;u kwfw&uf ckefxGuo
f Gm;jyD; atmf[pfajymvkdufonf/
]]&SifwkdY .... b,fvkdvlawGvJ/ uRefrpum;udk em;axmifMuprf;/ uRefr[m aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU
orD;yJ/ &SifwdkYvkd a,mufsm;MuD;ajcmufa,mufu rdef;uav; wpfa,mufwn;fudk 0kdif;wkdufwm awmfa&mhovm;/
'Dvdk rawmfrw&m; wkdufcdkufwmrsKd;udk uRefrwkdY aerif;ocif*dkPf;u vufykduf rMunfhEkdifbl;}}
vif;vif;xGuf tultnDay;onfudk jrifvdkuf&aomtcgrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfoufom&m &oGm;jyD;
jyefxkdifcs vdkufEdkifawmhonf/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;ajcmufa,mufwkdYu vif;vif;a&mufvmonfudk vHk;0*krpdkufyJ vdefvdefYudkom 0kdif;
wkdufckdufaeMuonf/
wpfcsufwGif vdefvdefonf ycHk;wGif "m;wpfcsufxdcHvdkuf&jyD; aemufodkY ,kdifoGm;awmhonf/ olr\
pdwfxJwGif onfwpfcgawmh aojzpfjyD[k wGufvdkufrdonf/ vJusoGm;onfh tcdkuftwefYtwGif vdefvdefonf
vifrdefusufudk vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ &ifxJ usifueJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vifrdefusufonf jyZmwfpifay:rS rif;orD; wpfa,mufES,f [efESifhyefESifh &Dcsef;tm;
"m;okdif;upm;jyaeonf/ vdefvdefonf pdwfxcd dkufvGef;ojzihf rl;a0usrwwf jzpfoGm;&\/
,ckawmh vdefvdefYtaejzifh oufom&m &oGm;acsjyD/ vif;vif;u olrzufrS ulnDwkdufckduf ay;aomaMumifh
jzpf\/ csif;csef*dkPf;om; ajcmufa,mufteuf oHk;a,muf usoGm;jyD; usefoHk;a,mufu jyefqkwfoGm;Muonf/
olwkdYaemufodkY vif;vif;u rvdkufawmhacs/
a&xJ vJusaeaom vdefvdeftm; vif;vif;u qGJxlay;vkdu\
f / vdefvdef\wpfukd,fvHk; a&rsm;jzifh
TJepfaeawmhonf/ olrwkdY urf;ay:wufvmcsdefwGif vifrdefusuf\ pl;wl;wl; &Sww toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]'gu igwkdYrsKd;dk;&JU "m;odkif;yJ/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;vkdY ac:w,f/ b,fhES,fhvJ &Dcsef;/ cifAsm; vdkcsifwm
'D"m;odkif;vm;/ cifAsm; aoaocsmcsm jrif&zkdY usKyf upm;jyaewmaemf}}
ajym&if;rS vifrdefusufu ol\"m;udk ESpfcsufrQvIyf&Sm;vdu
k f\/ ol\eHab;wGif &yfaeaom csif;csef*dkPf;
om; ESpfa,mufrSm ezl;wnhfwnfhwGif "m;xkd;cHvkduf&jyD; vJusaoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf olYjrif;\ZufMudK;udk vSrf;qGJum 'kef;pkdif; ajy;xGuf oGm;jyefawmhonf/ &Dcsef;rSm
wpfudk,fvHk; tm;jywfaejyDjzpf rvdkufEdkifawmh/ tu,f tm;rjywfyJ MuHhcdkifpGm&Sdaeyguvnf; vdkuf&Jvdrfhrnf
r[kwfacs/
olYtaejzihf ,ckxd touf&Sifae&jcif;rSm usm;oem; EGm;csrf;omcJh&jcif; r[kwfygvm;/ vifrdefusuf
rowfyJ xm;cJh &Dcsef;wpfa,muf touf&SifcGifh &aejcif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
999
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdef&Sd&modkY vifrdefusufonf jrif;udkvSnhfywf pD;vmonf/ vdefvdef\jrif;rSm csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;

\vufcsufjzifh vJusaoqHk;oGm;cJhjyD; jzpfonf/ vifrdefusufu ...
]]jrif;ay:wuf .. c&D;qufr,f}} [k rmqwfqwf avoHjzifh ajymvkdufonf/ olYavoHrSm rnfodkYrQ em;0if
rcsKdaom avoHjzpfonf/
vdefvdefrSm a'goxGufvSojzifh tom;rsm; wqwfqwf wkefvmonf/ wwfEdkifvQif aoypfvkdufcsifonf/
vifrdefusuf aemufodkY vdkufcsifonfhpdwf r&Sdawmh/ tMuifemw&m; acgif;yg;vSonfh vifa,mufsm; wpfa,muf
r[kwfygvm;/
vdefvdefu vifrdefusuftm; a'goa&mifxGufaeaom rsufvHk;rsm;jzifh pl;pdkufMunfhvkduf\ tHudk wif;wif;
Mudwfum .......
]]&Sifhzmom oGm;ayawmh}}
]]rif;ua&m}}
]]uRefrudk ta&;pdkufp&m rvkdbl;}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymawmhyJ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;zuf wpfcsufrQ Munfhvdkufum
oa&mfjyHK;jyHK;vkdufjyD; olwpfa,mufwnf; jrif;pD; xGufoGm;avawmh\/
vif;vif;rSmrl Mum;xJrS yg;pyfta[mif;om;jzpf usefcJhawmhonf/ vifrdefusufonf olYZeD; topf
pufpufav;tm; rQpdrf;um;aom tjyKtrl tajymtqkdrsm;jzifh qufqHvdrhfrnf r[kwf[k xifrSwfxm;cJhonf
r[kwfygvm;/
vif;vif;u vdefvdeftm; ...
]]vdefvdef ... &SifhrSm 'Pf&mvnf; &aew,f/ yifvnf; yifyef;aew,f/ uRefrwkdY vSnf;qD vkdufjyD;
tem;,lvkdufygvm;}}
vdefvdefonf vif;vif;\ Muifemaom pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg rsuf&nfrsm; zdwfvQHusvmawmh
\/ olru IdufoHav;jzifh ...
]]&Sif ... &Sif ... &Sif ... uRefrudk bmjzpfvdkY vmu,f&wmvJ}}
]][ifhtif; ... uRefru vmu,fwm r[kwfygbl;/ &Sifh tpfudkMuD;u uRefrudk u,fcdkif;vkdufvdkY vmwmyg}}
vdefvdefrSm &ifxJ qdkYepfoGm;awmh\/ rsuf&nfrsm;onf wmwrH aygufusaom a&rsm;ozG,f txdef;r&Sd
pD;usvmawmh\/
vdefvdefu ... ]]uRefrudk jrif;wpfpD;avmuf ay;Ekdifrvm;&Sif}}
vif;vif;onf acgif;wpfcsuf ndwfjyvdkufum jrif;wpfaumif oGm;qGJvmonf/
vdefvdefonf jrif;udk vSrf;,lvdkufjyD; ... ]]&Sifhudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}
olru vif;vif;tm; tvGefxl;qef;aomtMunfhjzifh twefMum pdkufMunfhvkdufjyD;rS ...]]&Sif odyfuHaumif;
wmyJ}}
vdefvdefonf jrif;ay:odkY ckefwufum 'kef;pkdif; pD;xGufoGm;awmh\/ olr OD;wnf&mvrf;rSm vifrdefusufESifh
qefYusifzufjzpf\/ olronf aumif;qef;awmifodkY jyefoGm;[efwl\/
&Dcsef;rSm rsufESm jzLzwfjzLa&mfESifh vdefvdef xGufoGm;&mzufodkY ai;armMunfhae\/
]]tif; ... aemufwpf&ufqdk&if [kdacG;aumifu igh&JU usefwJh *dkPf;om;av;a,mufudk vmowfrSmyJ ...
'Daumifu ighudk aumif;aumif;MuD; vufpm;acsaewm/ igh*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk owfjyD; ighudk txD;usefjzpf
atmifvkyfaewm/ igh*dkPf;om;awG tm;vHk;ukefawmhrS ighudk owfrSm}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm jrif;vSnf;ay:wGifxkdif tajctaet&yf&yfudk Munfhaeoljzpf&m vdefvdefwpfa,muf
ta&SUzufokdY wpfa,mufwnf;xGufoGm;onfudk jrifawGUvkduf&onf/ olYpdwfxJ pdk;&drfoGm;onf/ ]]nDrav; ...
'Pf&mvnf; &xm;w,f/ aemufjyD;awmh ... wpfa,mufwnf;/ olbmrS rpOf;pm;ygvm;/ tE&m,feJY awGU&if
b,fhES,f vkyfrvJ}}
xdkpOf jrif;vSnf;ab; wpfcsdefvHk; &yfaeaom &Dvifu ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1000
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vdefvdefu wjcm;udkoGm;wm r[kwfygbl;/ ... aumif;qef;awmifudk jyefoGm;wmyg/ [kdrSm olYtareJY

taz&Sdaew,f/ tpfudkMuD; bmrS ylraeeJY/ vrf;c&D;rSm bmrS rjzpfEdkifygbl;}}
xdktcg usrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfoufom&m &oGm;awmhonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]&Dvif[m wu,fawmfwmyJ/ igbmawG awG;ovJqkdwm olaumif;aumif;odw,f}}
xdkn olwdkY xkdae&myif pcef;csvdkufonf/ eHeufvif;onfESifh quf c&D;xGufvmMu&m aeYvnf
rGef;wnfhtcsdefwGif pm;aomufqdkifav; wpfckqDodkY a&mufvmMuawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm wpfcsdefvHk;vdkvdk
jrif;vSnf;xJwGif xkdifae&ojzihf vGefpGm ysif;&d jiD;aiGUvmonf/
'Pf&mrSmvnf; oufomvmjyDjzpf vif;vif;tm; vSnf;ay:rS qif;vkdaMumif; ajymvdkufonf/ wGif
&DvifESifh vif;vif;wkdYu olYtm; wpfzufwpfcsuf wGJum pm;aomufqkdifxJ ac:vmonf/
vif;vif;u pm;yGJwpfvHk;wGif oufawmifhoufom xkdifEdkif&ef jyifqifay;onfrdkY vifh[lcsKH;rSm xkdifcHkwGif
xkdifum ajcvufqefYwef; vdkufawmhonf/
&Dcsef;wkdYurl xdkqdkifav;xJodkY apmpD;pGm a&mufaecJhMuavonf/ &Dcsef;rSm pm;yGJwpfvHk;wGif wpfa,muf
wnf;xdkifum awG;awm ai;armaeonf/
olao&awmhrnfudk awG;ae[efwlonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk ta&;rpkdufEkdifawmh/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;
rsm;a&SUwGif [efaqmifvnf; raeawmhay/
onftcsdefwGif taemufzufrS jrif;wpfaumif tjyif;ESifvmonfukd awGUvdkuf&\/ jrif;ay:wGifum; vSy
ajymifvufpGm 0wfqifxm;aom vifrdefusuf/
vifrdeu
f sufudk csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;u apmif;iJhyif rMunfhMuacs/ olwdkYzmom pm;aomufNrJtwdkif;
pm;aomufaeMuonf/ vifrdefusufu thHMooGm;;onf/ jyD;rS oabmaygufoTm;[efjzifh w[m;[m; &,farm
avawmh\/
]]rif;wkdYawGu 'Dwpfcgawmh w,fjyD; jidrfaeMuyguvm; ... at;av ... rif;wkdYu ighudk pjyD; rwkdufcdkuf
awmhvnf; igu p&wmaygh/}}
pum;qHk;aomtcg olonf jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;vkduf\/ vifrdefusufonf pm;aomufqkid ftwGif;odkY
0ifvmjyD; pm;yGJtvGwfwpfvHk;wGif 0ifxkdifvkdufonf/ ol\[efyefrSm Zmwfrif;orD; wpfa,muf\ [efyefrsKd;
jzpfonf/
xdkYtjyif vltm;vHk;u xl;xl;jcm;jcm; owdjyKrdaom tcsufwpfcsufvnf; &Sdao;onf/ ,if;rSmum;
pm;aomufqkdiftwGif;wGif &Sd&SdorQ rnfolYudkrQ vlrxif[laom vifrdefusuf\ trlt&myifwnf;/
vifrdeu
f sufu xDrxifaom trlt&m [efyefESifh 0ifxdkifvdkufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm rtDromMuD;
jzpfoGm;awmh\/
,if;rSm vifrdefusuf\ trlt&maMumifhcsnf; r[kwfygacs/ vifrdefusufxHrS jyif;xefpl;&SvSaom
tarT;eYHudk &vkdufaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ vifrdefusufonf t0wftpm;rsm;udkom awmufyajymifvufpGm
0wfqifxm;kHru? tarG;eHYomrsm;udkvnf; vGefuJpGm qGwfzsef;xm;acs ao;onfwum;/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1001
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
r[m&efa<u;
vifrdeu
f sufonf Zmwfrif;orD; wpfa,muf\ [efyefrsKd;jzifh vufudkifyk0gudkxkwf,l rsufESmudk okwf
vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;uawmh vifrdefusufudk roufromMuD; Munfhaerd\/
]]tpfudkMuD; .. aeaumif;w,faemf}} vifrdefusufu ar;vdkufonf/
]]aumif;ygw,f}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf ol\acgif;udk kwfw&ufvSnfhjyD; &Dcsef;&Sd&modkY apmif;iJhMunfhvkdufjyef\/ csif;csef*dkPf;
om;wpfa,mufu vufzuf&nfMurf; wpfyef;uefudk &Dcsef;tm; urf;ay;vkdufonfudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg
a'goxGufoGm;awmhonf/ vifrdefusufu cufxefpGm atmfvdkufonf/
]]a[haumif .. rif;[m ]&Dvifa[mif} qdkwJhaumif r[kwfvm;/ igwdkY tmrcHXmeudk vmwkdufwJhxJrSm rif;vJ
ygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;uaumifawGudk ightonf;rSm pGJpGJjrJjrJMuD; rSwfxm;w,f .. b,fawmhrS rarhbl;}}
&Dvifa[mifu a&aEG;tdk;udk tomt,m jyefcsjyD; rwfwyf&yfvkdufonf/ "m;dk;ay: vufwifvkdufjyD;
ajcvSrf;ESpf vSrf;rQ aemufqkwf jyefar;vkdufonf/
]]&Dvifa[mif qkdwm igyJ? rif;u bmvkyfcsifovJ}}
ol\ pum;vHk;rsm;rSm cufxefaomfjim;? toHuawmh wkef,ifaeonf/ rsufESmrSmvnf; pdrf;jymaeonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu jyHK; ... ]]b,fvkd jzpfaewmvJuG/ rif;[m csif;csef*dkPf;&JU wynfhMuD; av;a,mufxJu
eHygwfoHk;yJ[m/ bmjzpfvkdY onfavmufawmif ol&JabmaMumif aewmvJ/ pdwfudk xdef;yg/ odyfaMumuf&if
tE&m,f awGYwwfw,f}}
&Dvifa[mif\rsufESmrSm ydkpdrf;jymvmonf/ olu "m;dk;udk wif;wif;qkyfxm;aomfvnf; "m;udk vHk;0
qGJrxkwf&Jay/
xdktckdufrSmyif jrif;ESpfpD; ajy;vTm;vmoH Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ xdkjrif;rsm;onf pm;aomufqdkifa&SU
a&mufaomtcg &yfwefYoGm;onf/
vltm;vHk; vSnfhMunhfkvdkufrdonf/ wGif [mueJ tmar#dwfoHrsm; xGufay:vmonf/
a&SUqHk;rS a&muf&Sdvmolum; ausmukef;wGif bkMuD;wpfvHk;ESifh cg;ukef;MuD;jzpfonf/ ]ajrmufykdif; ukvm;tkyf}
rkaumif;zkef;yifwnf;/
ol\ aemufzufrS jrif;ay:wGif ygvmolum; vdefvdefyifwnf;/ odkYaomf vGwfvGwfvyfvyfawmh r[kwf/
olronf aemufjyefMudK; wkyfaESmifcHxm;&jyD; MudK;pudk rkaumif;zkef;u udkifxm;onf/ vdefvdefudk rkaumif;zkef;
u zrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmjcif; jzpfaMumif; jrifkHjzihf odomEdkifayonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdefYtwGuf pdwfvIyf&Sm;rdovdk a'govnf; xGufvmojzihf atmf[pfcsifvmonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif wpfpHkwpfckudk awG;vdkufrdojzifh ratmf[pfjzpfawmh/ olYpdwfxJrS ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1002
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]'DrSm olYvifa,mufsm; wpfa,mufv;Hk &SdaewmyJ/ igu bmudp Mum;xJu0ifjyD; ylyefae&rSmvJ/

olYa,mufsm;u olYr,m;udk u,f&rSmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vifrdefusuftm; vSrf;Munfhvkdufonf/ vifrdefusuf\rsufESmrSm aTxkyfaumuf&oluJhodkY
0if;yaeonf/ olYtaejzihf vHk;0 rarQmfvifhxm;cJhol rkaumif;zkef;udk awGUvkduf&onf r[kwfygvm;/
]]tif; .... 'DaeYuawmh wu,fh aeYxl;aeYjrwfyJ/ bk&m;rwmyJ/ ighrdb ESpfa,mufudk owfcJhwJh
&efolawmfMuD;awGtm;vHk;udk 'DrSm wpfcgwnf; vmqHk&w,f/ ightzdkY tvkyfenf;oGm;w,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if
'Dcg;ukef;MuD;udk tcsdefukefcHjyD; vdkuf&Smae&OD;rSm}}
rkaumif;zkef;um; vifrdefusufudk vHk;0 rrSwfrdacs/
vGefcJhaom twdwfumvu csKHqef;jrdKU&Sd vsKdusufzkef;\aetdrf vifrdefusufudk awGUcJhzl;onf/ odkYaomf
vnf; xdkpOfu vifrdefusufrsufESmrSm aq;rsm;okwfvdrf;xm;jyD; ausmwGifvnf; bkMuD;wpfvHk;udk xnfhoGif;
cg;ukef;yrm [efaqmifcJhonf/
,aeY acsmarmcHhnm;vSaom vifrdefusufEiS fh wjcm;pD jzpfaeavjyD/ rkaumif;zkef; taeESifh rnfuJhodkY rSwfrd
Edkifygawmhrnfenf;/
rkaumif;zkef;\ tawG;rSm wpfrsKd;jzpfaeonf/ olu pm;aomufqdkifuav;twGif; csif;csef*dkPf;om;
rsm;udk rarQmfvifhyJ awGUvkduf&aomtcg pdwfxJ wkefvIyfacsmufjcm;oGm;rdonf/
olYtaejzihf vdefvdefYudk zrf;rdvmjcif;rSm olr wpfa,mufwnf; xGufoGm;cJh jcif;aMumifhomjzpfonf/
vdefvdefu olr\rdbrsm;ESifh awGUqHk&ef aumif;qef;awmifodkY jyefoGm;cJh\/ odkYaomf vrf;c&D;wGif
rkaumif;zkef;u olrudk awGUoGm;cJh\/ rkaumif;zkef;tzdkY rkwfqdwfysm;pGo
J Gm;jcif; jzpfawmhonf/ olYtaejzihf
&ufykcRefu vifusefeefwdkYvifr,m;udk olYvufxJrS vk,loGm;onf[k pdwfxJwGifaw;rSwfum rausreyf
jzpfcJh\/
aemufydkif;wGif vifrdefusufwpfa,muf 0gqef;*dkPf;\om;ruf jzpfoGm;onfudkvnf; olMum;vkduf&
onf/ ,if;wkdYudk axmufxm;jcif;tm;jzifh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;onf &ufykcRef\ vufxJokdY a&mufoGm;jyD[k olu
aumufcsufcs vkdufawmh\/
,ck vdefvdefrSm tazmfryg wpfa,mufwnf;jzpfaekHomru 'Pf&mvnf; &xm;aomtcg rkaumif;zkef;u
vufvGwfrcHawmh/ vdefvdefrSm tjyif;txef MudKpm;ckcH ygaomfvnf; tm;rwefojzihf aemufqHk; tzrf;cH
vdkuf&awmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;\ tMuHtpnfrSm vdefvdefudk wpfae&m0Sufxm;jyD; &ufykcRefxHrS bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk
awmif;,l&efjzpfonf/ vdefvdef\toufESifh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk vJvS,f&efjzpfonf/ odkYaomf rarQmfvifhyJ
odkif;avmuom;rsm;ESifh awGUvkduf&aomtcg olYtzdkY rsufESmylp&m jzpfoGm;awmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;\ ajcvSrf;rsm; wefYoGm;jyD; pOf;pm;vdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf pm;aomufqkdifwGif rem;awmhyJ
c&D;quf&ef jyifqifawmhonf/
xdkpOf olt
Y m; vifrdefusufu vSrf; ajymvdkufonf/
]]rkaumif;zkef; ... 'DxJu vlwpfa,mufu ajymaew,f/ cifAsm; odkif;ynm[m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; r&Sdbl;wJh/
&SdwJh odkif;ynmav;uvnf; rjzpfpavmufav;wJh}}
rkaumif;zkef;u tvGeftHhMooGm;onf/ ajcvSrf;rsm; &yfwefYoGm;um jyefvSnfhvdkufonf/
pm;aomuffqkdifav;twGif; r0ifrDuyif vifrdefusufonf pm;yGJwpfvHk; wpfa,mufwnf; xkdifaeonf
udk owdjyKrdjyD;jzpfonf/ xdktcsufu xdkvlonf[efqef;*dkPf;uvnf; r[kwf? csif;csef*dkPf;om;vnf;
r[kwfaMumif; jyoaeonf/
,if;odkYqdkvQif xdkvlonf rnfonfh*dkPf;uwnf;/ rkaumif;zkef; taejzifh rnfodkYrQ cJGjcm;rodEdkifyJ
jzpfae\/
]]rif;u b,folvJ}}
]][m; .. [m; .. cifAsm;u bmjzpfvdkY usKyfudk ar;ae&wmvJ/ cifAsm;&JU odkif;ynmu rjzpfpavmufav;vdkY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1003
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajymwm usKyfrS r[kwfwm}}

]]rif;ajymwm r[kwf&if b,folajymwmvJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf rkaumif;zkef;\ tar;udk csufcsif;jyefrajzay/ ol\tdwfxJodkY vufEIdufvkduf\/
olYvufjyefxkwf vdkufaomtcg acguf,yfawmifuav;wpfacsmif; ygvmonf/ xkd,yfawmifuav;udk olu
vSypGm jzefYukid fvdkufjyD; &Dcsef;&Sd&modYk nTefjyvdkufonf/
]]rkaumif;zkef; ... cifAsm; olYudkawmh odr,fxifygw,f/ olu csif;csef*dkPf;csKyfMuD; &Dcsef;yJ/ olu
taumif;qHk; "m;odkif;ynmwpfckudk awGUvkduf&owJh/ bmwJh ]bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;} qdkvm;yJ}}
rkaumif;zkef;onf ]bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;} qdkaomtoHudk Mum;vdkuf&onfESifh pdwftm;wufoGm;um &Dcsef;udk
vSnfhMunfhvdkufjyefonf/ &Dcsef;rSmrl vufzuf&nfMurf; yef;uefudk udkif ta0;odkY ai;armaeonf/
vifrdeu
f sufpum; rSefrrSefudk rkaumif;zkef; rodEdkifao;/ odkYaomf olYtaejzifh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;aemuf
vdkufaeol jzpf&m ,ckvdk oJvGefprsKd;ukd vufrvTwfEkdifay/ olu &Dcsef;tm; vSrf;ar;vdkufonf/
]]&Dcsef;? rif; ... bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk awGUvkduf&w,fqdk .. [kwfvm;}}
xdktcgusrS &Dcsef;u rkaumif;zkef;&Sd&modkY acgif;vSnfhvmjyD; ...
]]at; ... [kwfw,f/ igawGUvkduf&w,f/ tptqHk; "m;uGufwpfuGufcsif; awGUvkduf&wmyJ}}
rkaumif;zkef;onf pdwfvIyf&Sm;jcif;MuD;pGmjzifh jrif;ay:rS ckefqif;vdkufawmhonf/ &Dcsef; xdkifaeaom pm;yGJodkY
ajcvSrf;usJMuD;rsm;jzifh avQmufoGm;vdkufonf/
]]'D"m;odkif;udk 0gqef;*dkPf;u&ufykcRef &oGm;w,fvkdY Mum;wmyJ/ rif;u b,fES,f awGUvm&ovJ/ b,frSm
awGUvm&wmvJ}}
]]igu "m;odki;f pmtkyfudk awGUwm r[kwfbl;/ vlwpfa,mufu upm;jyvdkY awGUwmyg}}
]]aMomf .... 'Dvdkvm;/ igu rif;bmudk awGUwmvJawmh aocsmrodygbl;/ 'gayr,fh wpfckawmh&Sdw,f/
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;rSm twkeJU tppf&Sdw,f/ r*Fvm tmrcHXmeuvlawGu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;twkMuD; wwfxm;Mu
wm/ olwdkY&JU "m;odkif;u odyf&,fp&maumif;w,f/ twkqdkawmh b,fwefzdk;&SdawmhrvJ ... 'geJY rif;awGYwm
awmh tppfayghaemf}}
]]tppfvm; ... twkvm;awmh .... igvnf; rodbl;/ 'gayr,fh igawGUcJhwJh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk upm;jywJh
vluawmh r*Fvm tmrcHXmeu vlyJ/ rif;zmom csihfcsdefMunfhayghuGm}}
]][m; .. [m; .. [m; .. odyf&,fp&m aumif;aeygvm;/ rif;vdk *dkPf;csKyfMuD; wpfa,mufuawmif
"m;odkif;twkeYJ tppfudk rcGJjcm;Ekdifbl;vm;uG/ [m; [m; [m;}}
]][kwfw,f/ usKyfuawmh rcGJjcm;wwfbl;uGm/ rif;uawmh cGJjcm;EkdifrSmayghav/ rif;vdk awmfjyD;om;
vltzdkYawmh vlwpfa,muf vufvIyfvkdufwmeJY bm"m;odkif;qdkwm cGJjcm; odEdkifrSmyg}}
wGif rkaumif;zkef;wpfa,muf awGa0 oGm;awmh\/
csif;csef*dkPf;csKyf &Dcsef;qdkonfrSm ayghao;ao;vlr[kwfacs/ aumufuspfyg;eyfovdk? armufrm axmifvTm;
wwfonf/ ,ckyHkpHrSmrl olodaom &Dcsef;ESifh vHk;0 uGJjym;aeonf/
&Dcsef;vdk vlrsKd;u pum;rsKd; ajymaeygu rkcs taMumif;xl; &Sd&ayrnf/
rkaumif;zkef;u ajcmufuyfaom toHMuD;jzifh w[m;[m; &,fcsvkdufonf/ r&,fcsifh&,fcsif &,fvkdufjcif;
jzpf&m vHk;0 em;0ifyD,Hr&Sdacs/ olu &,fvkdufjyD;aemuf ab;ywfvnfodkY vSnfhMunfhvkdufawmhonf/
qkdifxJ0ifpu ta&;pdkuf tuJcwfxm;jyD; jzpfonf/ ,ck xyfrH aocsmpGm Munfhvkdufjyefonf/
pm;aomuffqdkif twGif;&Sd vltm;vHk;u olYudk pl;pkdufMunfhaeMuonfudk awGUvdkuf&onf/ xdkvlrsm;\
trlt&mrsm;uvnf; tvGefxl;qef;aeonf/ rdrdonf tvGefw&m ta&;MuD;aom pum;wpfcGef;udk ajymrdrSm;
ovdk jzpfaeonf/ qkdiftwGif;&Sd vltm;vHk;ESifh rdrdonf ydkydk woD;wjcm; uif;vGwfaeovdk jzpfaeonf/
rnfrQ uif;vGwfaeygap? rdrdtaejzifh xl; tm;i,frnfr[kwfacs/ rdrdonf ajrmufykdif;ukvm;tkyf
wpfudk,fawmf rkaumif;zkef; r[kwfygvm;/
]]&Dcsef; ... rif;&JU pum;awGuawmh awmfawmfav; xl;jcm;wmyJuG/ bmrsm; jrKyfuGufawG &SdovJawmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1004
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
igrodbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpfav/ tJ'D "m;odki;f udk igjrif&&ifawmh tppfeJY twkudk cGJjcm; EkdifrmS yJ}}
]]rkaumif;zkef; .. rif;taeeJY tJonfvludkawGUcsif&if rcufygbl;/ tJ'D "m;odkif;upm;jywJhou
l 'DqkdifxJrSm
wif&Sdaew,f}}
rkaumif;zkef;rSm tvpfwGif tdkufcHvku
d f&ouJhodkY jymueJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
olYpdwfxJwiG fvnf; pdk;&drfxdwfvefYoGm;\/ olu csufcsif;yif qkdifxJrSvlrsm;udk Munfhvkdufjyefonf/
onfwpfMudrf oltuJcwfyHku jyL;jyL;jymjym EkdifvSonf/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap/ onfwpfMudrfwGifawmh xl;jcm;csufwpfckudk aumif;pGm awGUjrif&avjyD/ vifrdefusufrS
wyg; qkdifwGif;&Sdvlrsm;\ rsufESmrsm; tuJcwfaeonfh t&dyfvuPmrsm;om ay:vGifaeonf/
pm;yGJwpfvHk;wGif wpfa,mufwnf; xkdifaeaom vifrdefusufurl avmuMuD;wpfckvHk; twGif;
olwpfa,mufwnf; &SdaeonfhyHkpHrsKd; aygufaeonf/ vifrdefusuf\ rsufvHk;rsm;u rxDav;pm; t&dyfvuPm
rsm;jyaeonf/
rkaumif;zkef;u vifrdefusufudk ar;aighjy&if; &Dcsef;udk ar;vkdu\
f /
]]&Dcsef; ... rif;ajymwm [dkaumifvm;uG}}
]]awmfw,fuGm ... rif;odyfawmfw,f/ wu,fhudk tjrifoefwmyJ/ t&dyfjy&if taumifxifw,f/
wpfxGmjy&if wpfawmifjrifw,fqdkwm rif;vdkvlrsKd;yJjzpfrSmyJ/ csD;usL;w,fuGm .. igvIdufvIdufvSJvSJ csD;usL;yg
w,f}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;aomtg rkaumif;zkef;onf vifrdefusufudk ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; aocsmpGm tuJcwfaejyefawmh
onf/ olYpdwfxJrS ... ]]'D*sykuawmh dk;dk;om;om;rS [kwf&JUvm;/ ighudk wpfckck axmifacsmufqifwm
jzpfaeEdkifw,f/
]]tckqdk&if 'DrSm tcsdefawmfawmfMumoGm;jyD/ ightzdkY 'DrSm tcsdef 'Davmufukefp&m bmtaMumif;rSvJ r&Sdbl;/
'Daumif tcsdefqGJaewm jzpfcsif jzpfr,f/ ighvufxJrSm &ufykcRef&JU orD;&Sdaeoa&GU 'D"g;odkif;udk igyJ&rSmyJ}}
rkaumif;zkef;onf xdkodkYawG;vdkufrdonfESifh pdwfat;vufat;jzpfoGm;jyD; w[m;[m; atmf&,fvdkufjyef
onf/
]]&Dcsef; ... rif;eJYig rawGUwmMumawmh rif;'Davmuf ajymif;vJoGm;rSef; igrodcJhbl;/ rif;u awmfawmfav;
aemufwwfajymifwwf jzpfaewmudk;/ aumif;w,fuGm ... 'gayr,hf 'DaeYtzkdYawmh ighrSm tvkyfuav;awG
&Sdaeao;w,f/ .. rif;eJY qufjyD; pum;ajymzkdY tcsdefr&Sdawmhbl;/ "m;odkif;udkvnf; igrMunfhcsifao;bl;/ ...
igoGm;awmhr,fa[h}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf xkdtcgusrS vQyfwpfjyuf vIyf&Sm;vdkufawmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef; pD;vmaom jrif;rSm wpfcsufrQ [Dvdkufjyd; vJusoGm;awmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;u [efrysuf w[m;[m; &,fvkdufjyD; ...
]]a[h ... oli,f .. rif;u w,fjyD; twifh&Joudk;/ &Dcsef;u rif;&JU bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk aumif;w,fvkdY
ajymwmeJYyJ rif;u twifh&Jvmoudk; .. uJ .. 'Dvdkqdk&if igeJpY rf;Munfh&atmif}}
rkaumif;zkef;onf olYjrif;udk vifrdefusufu olYa&SUwGif owfjyvkdufonfudk jrifvsufESifh a'goxGuf[ef
vHk;0rjyyJ &,fyif &,farmvdkufao;onf/ ol\ &,foHrSm a'go tvsOf; ryg&Sdacs/ vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ &SdvSonf/
,if;rSm olYpdwfwnfjidrfrIudk jyovkdufjcif;yif jzpfawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu ... ]]aumif;w,f ... cifAsm;udk usKyfubDvl;rD;"m;okdif; aumif;aumif;av; upm;jyr,f/
usKyf&JUrdbESpfyg; aooGm;&wm ... cifAsm;eJY &Dcsef;aMumifhyJ}}
pum;udk Mum;&aomtcgwGirf l rkaumif;zkef; xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/ vufpowfawmh oli,fonf
vifusefeef\ om;jzpfaeonfwum;/
wpfcsdefaomtcgu rdrdudk twif;tMuyf q&mac:cdkif;cJhonfh vli,fav;onf ,ckawmh rdrdtm;
rxDav;pm; pdefac:aejyDuvm;/ rkaumif;zkef;u awG;vdkufonf/
]]'Daumifu ighudk pdefac:&Jw,fqdkawmh olYzufu ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif &SdaeyHkyJ/ EdkYr[kwf&if 'Dcsmwdwfav;u ighudk
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1005
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
b,frSm 'Dvdk ajym&JrSmvJ/ pOf;pm;prf; ... [m; .. [kwfjyD ... *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf; yl;aygif;vkdufw,fqkdawmh
[efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&ifawGu 'Daumifhzufu ulnDMurSmyJ}}
rkaumif;zkef;u kwfw&uf aemufzufodkYvSnfh vdefvdefYtm; zrf;csKyfxm;&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/ odkYaomf
olrvSnhf&ao;cifrSmyif avwdk;oHwufcsuf Mum;vkduf& zrf;csKyfrnfholYvufudk uref;uwef; kyfodrf;vkduf&
onf/
vdefvdefu "g;wpfacsmif;udkudkifjyD; olYvufudk vSrf;ckwfvdkufjcif;jzpfayonf/ vdefvdefYtm; wkyfaESmifxm;
onfh MudK;rsm;udk vif;vif;u ajzay;vkdufojzihf odkY ckwfEkdifjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu ceJYjyHK;jyHK;&if; ... ]]rkaumif;zkef; .. cifAsm;[m odkif;avmurSm emrnfwpfvkH;&SdwJh
vlwpfa,mufyJ ... 'geJYrsm;awmif tckvdk atmufwef;us ,kwfrmwJh enf;vrf;awG bmjzpfvdkY oHk;csif&ovJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufu aphaphMunfh&if; ...
]]aumif;jyD ... usKyfajymr,f/ cifAsm;taeeJY 'DavmuMuD;xJrSm qufjyD; touf&Sifaecsifao;w,f
qkd&ifawmh ajrMuD;rSm 'l;axmufjyD; usKyfudk OD;oHk;Mudrfcsayawmh/ jyD;&if ]bdk;bdk;} vdkY oHk;Mudrfac:/ 'Dvdkqdk&if
cifAsm;udk aemufxyf wpfESpf touf&SifcGifh usKyfay;r,f}}
twdwfumvu vsKdusufzkef;\ csKHqef;jrdKUu aetdrfwGif vifrdefusufu rkaumif;zkef;tm; OD;oHk;Mudrfcs
]bdk;bdk;} [koHk;cg ac:cJh&\/ xkdtcgu vifrdefusufrSm rdbESpfyg;\ &efaMuG;udk ay;qyfEdkif&eftwGuf t&Sufudk
riJhuGufEdkifyJ vkyfcJh&onf/ ,ckawmh twdwfu &efaMuG;rsm;udk wpfckcsif; qyf&ayawmhrnf/
rkaumif;zkef;u w[m;[m; atmf&,fvkdufum ...
]]igvdk tzdk;MuD; wpfa,muftzdkYawmh 'DuaeY[m tawmfav;udk tHhMop&mawG awGUae&wmyJ/ ... ig
'Dtoufa&mufwJhtxd rif;avmuf rdkufuef;wJhvli,f rawGU&ao;bl; ... rif;[m trdkufuef;qHk;yJ}}
olu ajymajymqkdqdkjzihf "m;udk qGJxkwfvkduf\/ jyD;aemuf &Dcsef; zufokYd vSnfh ...
]]rif;u [dkr,foDv&ifawGudk Munfhxm;vdkuf/ iguawmh a[monf tifrwef rdkufuef;vSwJh oli,fudk
qHk;rvkdufr,f}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk rjrifzl;ao;aom rkaumif;zkef;u vifrdefusufudk vHk;0ta&;rpdkufacs/
olpdk;&drfonfrSm [efqef;*dkPf;om jzpfonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;u 0ifa&mufwkdufckdufvmvQif olYtwGuf tusyftwnf; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ wpfa,mufcsif;om
wkdufcdkuf&vQifvifrdefusufudkawmh olu vHk;0 aMumufp&m r[kwf[k awG;onf/
&Dcsef;u ... ]]rkaumif;zkef; ... rif;bmrS rpkd;&drfeJY/ [efqef;*dkPf;u ajymjyD;jyD/ olwkdY b,fbufurS
0ifrulbl;wJh}}
rkaumif;zkef; 0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;yHkrSm qkdzG,fr&SdjyD/ tvGef tm;&aom toHjzifh ...
]]'gqkd odyfaumif;wmaygh/ [efqef;*dkPf;u oufaovkyfaygh/ tck wkdufcdkuf&wmuvnf; 'Daumifav;u
apmfum;armfum;eJY pjyD; &ef&SmvdkY jzpf&wm tm;vHk;tjrifyJ/ igu vlMuD;? olu vli,f? awmfawmfMum vlMuD;u
vli,fudk tEkdiu
f sifhw,fvkdY ajymaeygOD;r,f}}
rkaumif;zkef;u ol\"m;MuD;ukd wpfajrmufajrmufvkyfum pum;ajymae\/ olY"m;uvnf; wpfrsKd;
wpfbmomjzpfonf/ auG;auG;ESifh awmufy ajymifvufvSonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf ,yfawmifudkacgufodrf;vdkufjyD; rkaumif;zkef;&Sd&modkY avQmufxGufvmonf/ avwkduf
vkdufwdkif; arT;MudKifvSaom tarT;eHYrsm;udk vlwkdif;&vdkufMuonf/
xdkpOfrSmyif ]tm;} ueJ atmfoHESpfck Mum;vkduf&onf/ csif;csef*dkPf;rS &Dvifa[mifESifh zef;vifwkdY
ESpfa,muf\&if0rS aoG;rsm;yef;xGufvmjyD; vJusoGm;avawmh\/ rarQmfvifh xm;aomaMumifh ab;ywfvnfrS
vlrsm;rSm xdwfvefYwMum; atmf[pfvkdufrdawmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;udk wkdufcdkufawmhrnfh[efjyum vifrdefusufonf csif;csef*dkPf;om;ESpfa,mufudk vQyfwjyuf
twGif; owfjzwfypfvdkufjcif;yif jzpfawmh\/
vifrdeu
f suf "m;qGJxkwfvkdufyrHk Sm tvGefvsifjrefvS\/ ab;ywfvnfrSvlrsm; owdxm;Munfhvu
kd fcsdefwGif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1006
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusufonf "m;udk "m;tdrfxJodkY xnfhoGif;aeayjyD/ csif;csef*dkPf;om;ESpfa,mufrSm rnfodkYrnfyHk

toufxGuf oGm;onfudkyif rodvkdufMuacs/
vifh[lcsKH;uJhodkYaom xdyfoD;odkif;orm;rsm;rSvGJ usefvlrsm;rSm vifrdefusuf "m;uGufxkwfvku
d fyHkudk
rawGYjrifvdkufMuay/ "m;a&mifvufoGm;onfudkom jrifvkdufMu&onf/ "m;udk rnfuJhodkY qGJxkwfonf/
rnfuJhokdY xdk;owfvdkufonfudk vHk;0 rawGUvkdufMu&acs/ "m;odrf;vkdufonfudkom awGUvdkufMu&\/
rkaumif;zkef;\ rsufESmwGif r,HkEdkifonfh t&dyfvuPmrsm; ay:vmawmh\/ olu "m;udkudkif udk,fudk
wjznf;jznf; 0yfvkdufonf/ wkdufckduf&ef jyifqifvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/ e*dkuwnf;u cg;ukef;aeol jzpf&m xyf
0yfcsvkdufojzifh ajrMuD;ESifh xd&ef ESpfaycefYrQom vdkawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufurl rkaumif;zkef;udk tenf;i,frQyif ta&;pdkuf[efrjy/ wjznf;jznf;yif a&SYodkY avQmufvm
onf/
rkaumif;zkef;onf wd&dpmefdkif;wpfaumifyrm pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvkdufjyD; vifrdefusufudk ckeftkyfvkduf
onf/ usm;MuD; wpfaumif ckeftkyfvdkuo
f nfhES,f vsifjrefvSawmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;onf vifrdefusuf\ cg;udk ol\ "m;aumufMuD;ESihf csdwq
f GJvdkufjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf vQyfjyufonfhES,f ,yfawmifudk b,fvufjzifh ajymif;udkifvkdufjyD; olY"m;udk csufcsif;
qGJxkwfum rkaumif;zkef;\&ifywfudk xdk;cGJvu
dk fawmhonf/
jrefvkduo
f nfh "m;csuf/
vifrdeu
f suf\"m;rSm rkaumif;zkef;xuf aemufus qGJxkwfjcif;jzpfaomfvnf; rkaumif;zkef;xHodkY
t&ifa&muf oGm;onf/
rkaumif;zkef;uvnf; vsifjrefvSonf/ aemufqkwf a&Smifvkdufonf/ rkaumif;zkef; taejzifh oDoDuav;
a&SmifxGufoGm;Ekdifjcif; jzpfawmhonf/ olYtuFsD&ifywfonf vifrdefusuf\"m;csufaMumifh wpfawmifcefY
pkwfjyJoGm;awmhonf/
tu,f vifrdefusufom aemufxyfESpv
f ufrcefY a&SUwkd;EkdifcJhygvQif rkaumif;zkef;rSm &ifcGJjyD;om; jzpfoGm;
ayvdrhfrnf/ ,ckawmh rkaumif;zkef;rSm toufab;rS oDoDuav; vGwfomG ;awmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef; aMumufGHUoGm;onf[k xifygovm;/
rkaumif;zkef;onf vHk;0 taMumuftGHUr&Sdaom cg;ukef;MuD;yifwnf;/ wpfenf;qkd&vQif tvGefw&m &Jwif;
rdkufrJvSaom vlMuD;wpfa,muf/ olu &ifywfudk wpfcsufrQ iHkYMunfhjyD;onfESifh w[l;[l; atmfum; "m;a&m
vlyg wpfjydKifwnf; ckef0ifvkdufjyefawmhonf/
ol\ xdk;ESufcsufudk rkaumif;zkef; a&Smifwdrf;Edkifonfudk awGUvkduf&aomtcg vifrdefusufrSm tvGeftHhMo
oGm;\/ olYpdwfxrJ S usdwf csD;usL;vdkufonf/
]]'Dcg;ukef;MuD;u b,fqkd;vdkYwkef;}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf ]Trf;} ueJ aeatmif "g;csufESpfcsuf qufwdkufxkwfvkdufjyefonf/ odkYaomf xdk ESpfcsuf
pvHk;udk rkaumif;zkef;u aumif;pGm ckcHEdkifcJhonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu ceJYjyHK; wpfcsufjyHK;vkdufum ol\"m;csufrsm;udk ykd vsifjrefapvdkufonf/ xdktcgwGif
awmh rkaumif;zkef;rSm olY"m;MuD;jzifh wpfudk,fvk;H udk zHk;vTrf;xm; vdkufawmhonf/
vifrdeu
f suf\ "m;onf rkaumif;zkef;\ "m;aumufMuD;ESifh wpfcg dkufcwfrdvdkufonf/ vifrdefusuf\
vufrSm xHkusifoGm;awmhonf/ cg;ukef;MuD;\twGif;tm;rSm vifrdefusufxuf jynfh0aeojzifh ,if;uJhodkY
xkHusifoGm;&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
,if;tcsufudk vifrdefusufu csufcsif;owdjyKrdonf/ twif;r0if&Jacs/ "m;csif;xdyfwkduf wkd;rdygu
rdrd\"m; vGwfoGm;Ekdifayonf/ ,if;aMumifh txl; owd0D&d,xm; cg;ukef;MuD;\ [muGufukd &SmazGwkdufckduf
awmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;url ol\ "m;aumufMuD;jzihf wpfudk,fvHk;udk zHk;vTrf;xm;jrJyif/
vifrdeu
f suftaejzihf kwfw&uftm;jzifh wkdufckduf&ef cufoGm;onf/ okdYaomf uJhodkY a&yufr0ifatmif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1007
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
"m;udka0SU,rf; wpfudk,fvHk;udk umuG,fxm;jcif;rSm tiftm;tvGefukeo

f nf/ MumjrifhpGm rumuG,fEdkifacs/
wpfpHkwpfckaom tcsdeftwdkif;twm twGif;om umuG,fEdkifayonf/
tcsdefwGif vifrdefusuf\ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;aMumifh olYudk,folaovltjzpf owfrSwfum tm;avQmhxm;
aom&Dcsef;rSm vGwfajrmufa&;vrf;pudk awGUvdkuf&onf/
,cktcsdefwGif vifrdefusufudk rokwfoifEdkifygu aemif rnfonfhtcsdefwGifrQ okwfoifEkdifawmhrnf r[kwf
acs/ olom vifrdefusuf\ om;aumif jzpf&acsawmhrnf/
odkY awG;vkdufrdonfESifh &Dcsef;rSm tcsdefrjzKef;awmhyJ "m;udkqGJxkwfum vifrdefusuf\ aemufausmudk
0ifa&mufwkdufckdufawmh\/ xdktcg vifrdefusufrSm rkaumif;zkef;udk rJrwkdufEdkifawmhyJ &Dcsef;\ wkdufuGufrsm;
udk vSnfh ckcH&awmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;rSm toufIacsmifoGm;jyD; jyefvnf wkdufppfqifEdkifawmhonf/
wdkufyGJrSm ESpfa,muf wpfa,muf wkdufyGJ jzpfoGm;acsjyD/
&Dcsef;ESifh rkaumif;zkef;wkdYuJhodkYaom odkif;orm;MuD;ESpfa,mufu vli,fav;wpfa,muftm; 0dkif;wdkufaeMu
onfrSm vGefpGm &SufzG,faumif;vSayonf/ odkY&mwGif vrf;c&D;wpfavQmufvHk; vifrdefusufu csif;csef*dkPf;om;
rsm;udk &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfvmcJhonf/ tm;rwefojzifh csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm acgif;iHkYcHcJhMu&onf/
tm;vHk;awGUjrifcJh&aom [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; taejzihf vifrdefusuftm; ,ckuJhodkY 0dkif;wkdufjcif;rsKd;ukd
rw&m;[k rjrifawmhacs/
odkY&mwGif tm;vHk;\txifESifh qefYusifpGmyif vifrdefusufujyHK;vkdufonf/ cHppfrS wkdufppfodkY ajymif;vm
onfh rkaumif;zkef;udk Munfh&if; olu vGefpGm oabmusoGm;onf/
nmzufvufrS "m;jzifh &Dcsef;udk wkdufcdkufae&if; vifrdefusufu b,fvufwGif udkifxm;aom ,yfawmifudk
ajymif;jyefudkifum qefYxkwfvkdufonf/ xdk,yfawmif\ tdk;wGif tyfwpfacsmif;u xdk;xGufaeonf/
rkaumif;zkef;u tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefYum aemufodkY ckefqkwf&ef MudK;pm;vkdufonf/
odkY&mwGif vifrdefusufu olYxufydkjrefonf/ tyfacsmif;onf rkaumif;zkef;\ aygifaMumudk xdk;ydwfrd
oGm;onf/ csufcsif;yif tjcm;ajcwpfzuf&Sd aygifaMumudkvnf; xdk;ydwf vdkufjyefonf/
xdkwkdufuGufudkvnf; rkaumif;zkef;wpfa,muf rckcHEdkifyJ txkd;cHvdkuf&jyefonf/ ajcaxmufESpfzufpvHk;
xHkusifoGm;awmhonf/ olu pdwfvGwfudk,fvGwf rvIyf&Sm;&Jawmhacs/ "m;udkom "m;pMumjzefYvsuf umuG,f
xm;&awmh\/ umuG,fae&if;rSyif ol\ ajcaxmufrsm; wjznf;jznf; aysmhacGvmaMumif; owdjyKrdvm\/
rsm;rMumrDyif rkaumif;zkef;wpfa,muf 'l;axmufusoGm;awmh\/ ol\aygifaMumrsm; vHk;0 ydwfqdkYoGm;
avjyD/
vifrdeu
f sufu w[m;[m; &,f&if; ... ]][kwfjyD ... [kwfjyD .. 'l;axmufwmawmh [kwfjyD ... uJ .. uJ ..
OD;csawmh}}
vifrdeu
f sufrSm wpfzufu xdkodkYajymaeaomfvnf; wpfzufurl &Dcsef;\ wkdufuGufrsm;udk ckcHae&onf/
aoa&;&Sifa&; ckcHae&onfawmh r[kwfacs/
vifrdeu
f sufuquf ... ]]cifAsm; tckxd OD;rcsao;&ifawmh aemufusoGm;jyD}} [k ajymjyefonf/
rkaumif;zkef;rSm ajcESpfzufaojyD; 'l;axmufusaeaomfvnf; vufxJu"m;&Sdefurl vHk;0 t&Sdefravsmhacs/
&efoludk tjyif;txef wkdufcdkufaeqJjzpfonf/ onfwpfMudrw
f Gifawmh olIH;edrfhaejyDudk odvdkufonf/
taocH&rnfhtwlwl &efoludkyg rdrdESifhwygwnf; i&JodkYac:oGm;&ef MuHpnfrdawmh\/
rkaumif;zkef;rSm tpydkif;u cHppfudkomtm;jyKjyD; ckcHcJhonf/ ,ckawmh cHppfudk toHk;rjyKawmhacs/ wkdufppf
udkom oHk;awmh\/ olYtoufudk vifrdefusuf\ toufESifh vJEkdif&ef jzpfonf/ um; rkaumif;zkef;zufrS
tajctaejzpfonf/
&Dcsef;zufrS tajctaerSmum; ...
rkaumif;zkef; vJusoGm;onfukd jrifvdkuf&aom &Dcsef;onf rdrdb0\ ed*Hk;csKyfudk jrifvkduf&bdouJo
h dkY
&Sdacsonf/ ,cktcsdefom vifrdefusufudk tEdkifrwdkufEdkifcJhvQif rdrdtzdkY rkcsaoqHk;&ayawmhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1008
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
tm;ukefxkwf wkduaf wmh\/

odkY&mwGif vifrdefusufu &,farmvdkuf\/
wpfqufwnf;yif &Dcsef;\ rsufpdESpfvHk;rSm pl;&SemusifoGm;jyD; bmudkrQ rawGUjrif&awmhacs/ xkdYaemuf
ycHk;ESpfzufrSmvnf; ylueJcHpm;vdkuf&jyefonf/ vufESpfzufvnf; tjzwfcH vkduf&acsjyD/ &Dcsef; em;xJwGifum;
iSufqdk;xkd;oHuJhokdYaom vifrdefusuf\ w[m;[m; &,foHudkom Mum;ae&onf/
]]usKyf ... cifAsm;udk rowfbl;/ tckawmh cifAsm;rSm vufESpfzufvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;/ rsufpdvnf; rjrifawmh
bl;/ okdif;avmuxJrSm cifAsm;udk xm;ypfcJhr,f/ cifAsm;&JU tdrfoltdrfom;awG .. rdwfaqGawG ... wynfhom;ajr;
awG ... tm;vHk;udk owfypfvkdufr,f/ ... 'gqdk&if cifAsm;udk ulnDr,fhol r&Sdawmhbl;/ ESdyfpufr,hf &efolyJ
&Sdawmhr,f}}
&Dcsef;rSm rsufpdESpfvHk; xdk;azmufcHvkdu&f kHrQru vufESpfzufvnf; jzwfcHvkduf&ojzifh vGefpGmemusifae
\/ odkYaomf vifrdefusuf\ pum;rsm;ukd Mum;ae&jcif;u olYudk ydk emusifaponf/
]]tif; ... vifrdefusuf .. awmfawmf &ufpufwJhaumif ... tck ighudk wpfcsufwnf; owfvdkufwmurS
awmfvdrfhOD;r,f/ tckqdk&if ighb0 b,favmuf qdk;Gm;oGm;yvJ/ tckqdk&if odkif;ynm rwwfwJhvlawGuyg
ighudk ESdyfpuf nif;yef;Muawmhr,f}}
vifrdeu
f suf &Sdrnfhae&mudkrSef;um tHudk wif;aeatmifMudwf &Dcsef;onf OD;acgif;ESifh ypfwkdufvkduf
awmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufurl w[m;[m;&,fvsuf aemufodkY ckefqkwfvdkuf\/ ol\r[m&efaMuGudk acsqyfEkdifcJhavjyD/
olu vGefpGm tm;&auseyfvsuf yDwd jzpfaeavawmh\/ ,if;uyifvsif olYtwGuf MuD;pGmaom trSm; jzpfawmh
onf/
vifrdeu
f sufonf OD;acgif;ESifh ajy;wkdufaom &Dcsef;udk aemufqkwfa&Smifay;vdkufonf/ xdkwpf'*FwGif olu
rkaumif;zkef;tm; vHk;0 arhavsmhoGm;cJh\/ rkaumif;zkef;wpfa,muf 'l;axmufus aeonfvnf; ygayonf/
rkaumif;zkef;em;odkY ckefqkwfrdvsufom; jzpfoGm;onf/
rkaumif;zkef;rSm pdwfMudKufjzpfoGm;awmh\/ olu vifred fusuftm; owfjzwf&ef pdwfapmae&m vifrdefusuf
olYtem; a&mufvmonfESifh olu vufMuD;ESpfzufjzifh vifrdefusuf\ ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;pvHk;udk odrf;MuHK;
ayGUzufxm;avawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufu tMuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;jyD; rkaumif;zkef;\aemufausmudk olYvufxJrS"m;jzihf xdk;pdkuf
vkdufawmhonf/ xdktcg azmif;ueJjrnfoHMuD;ESifhtwl rkaumif;zkef;\ bkMuD;xJrS rnf;eufaom t&nfrsm;
yef;xGufvmawmh\/
rxifrSwfxm;jcif;aMumifh xdkt&nfrsm;udk vifrdefusufwpfa,muf vHk;0 Muufao aooGm;awmh\/
xdkt&nfrsm;u vifrdefusuf\rsufESmudk yufzsef;vdkufovdk jzpfoGm;awmh\/
,if;t&nfrsm;um; pm;avmifapwwfaom tqdyf&nfrsm; aywnf;/ vifrdefusufu pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pf
vdkufrdawmhonf/
tjzpfrSeu
f m; ... rkaumif;zkef;onf ol\aemufausmwGif tqdwf&nftdwfwpfvHk;udk vdk&r,f&oHk;Ekdif&ef
aqmifxm;cJhonf/ ,ckawmh vifrdefusufonf xdktqdyf&nftdwfudk xkd;azmufrdcJhavjyD/ vifrdefusufu
wkefvIyfacsmufcsm;pGmjzifh rkaumif;zkef;\ aemufausmudk "m;jzifh xkd;pdkufvkduf jyefawmhonf/
rkaumif;zkef;onfum; vifrdefusuf\"m;csufrsm;udk vHk;0ra&Smif/ vifrdefusuf\ ajcESpfzufuko
d m
cdkifjrJpGm ayGUzufxm;onf/ ,if;aMumifhrYdk vifrdefusufrSm rkaumif;zkef;\vufwGif;rS rvGwfEkdifatmif jzpfae
onf/
&Dcsef;onf tajctaeudk aumif;pGm oabmaygufvdkufonf/ xdkYaMumifh vifrdefusuf\ toHMum;&modkY
rSef;um ckeftkyfvdkufonf/ jyD;aemuf yg;pyfjzifh udkufvdkuf&m vifrdefusuf\ b,fbufyg;udk udkufrdoGm;onf/
&Dcsef;u oJoJrJrJ ukef;udkufavawmh\/ oHk;a,mufom;rSm vHk;axG;aeonf/ zufoluzuf? "m;ESifh
ckwfoluckwf? udkufoluudkufESifh tl;wpfydkif;jzpfukefavjyD/ aoG;l;aoG;wef; jzpfysufaeMuyHkrSm jrif&olrsm;tzkdY
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1009
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aoG;ysufpzG,fyif/
xdkpOf csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;u vifrdefusuftm; vufpwH;k ckwfxpf&ef ajy;vTm;vmMuonf/ vifrdefusuf\
b0ed*Hk;yif ...
wGif vifh[lcsKH;u vufydkufrMunfhEkdifawmhacs/ "m;wpfacsmif;udkudkifum ajy;xGufvmawmhonf/
olru,fvQif vifrdefusuftzdkY aozG,f&mom&Sdawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;0if wkdufcdkufvdkufojzihf csif;csef*dkPf;
om;rsm;rSm vufaumuf0wfwGif "m;xkd;cH&um vufvGwf xGufajy; oGm;Muawmhonf/
csufcsif;vkyd if &d[dkwdkYuvnf; vifh[lcsKH;udk umuG,fay;vdkufawmhonf/ xdktcg csif;csef*kP
d f;om;rsm;
taejzihf vifrdefusufudk xyfrHwkdufcdkuf&ef rvG,fulawmhay/
xdktcsdefwGif wd&dpmefdkif;wpfaumifyrm atmf[pfaeaom rkaumif;zkef;rSm wjznf;jznf; toHwkd;oGm;awmh
\/
vifrdeu
f sufurl "m;jzifh wpfcsufjyD;wpfcsuf xdk;aejcif;udk r&yfwefYacs/
&Dcsef;rSmvnf; wpfudk,fvHk; aoG;oH&J&J jzpfaeaomfjim; yg;pyfurl vifrdefusuf\yg;udk rvTwfwrf;
udkufxm;qJ jzpfonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u kef;&if;qefcwf jzpfaeolrsm;tm; oGm;a&mufjzefajzay;&ef [efjyifvkduf\/
odkYaomf tjidK;MuD;MuD;ESifh aMumufrufzG,f&m oJMuD;rJMuD; wkdufcdkufaeolrsm;tm; wu,fwrf; jzefajz&efrl
rnfolrQ r0hH&JMuay/
twefMumrS vifrdefusufonf &Dcsef;udk aqmihfwGef;ypfvkduf\/ vufESpfzufjywfaeonfh &Dcsef;\ udk,fvHk;
MuD;onf vGifhpOfxGufoGm;awmhonf/ wpfqufwnf;yif tonf;cdkufrwwf pl;0g;pGm atmf[pfvdkufonfh
vifrdefusuf\ atmfoHrSm ywf0ef;usif wpfckvHk;udk zHk;vTrf;oGm;jyefonf/
vGefpGmemusifvSojzifh atmfvdkufoHyifwnf;/ vifrdefusuf\ yg;wpfzufrSm a[mif;avmif;MuD;jzpfae
aMumif; ywf0ef;usifrS vltm;vHk; awGUvkdufMu&onf/ &Dcsef;u udkufjzwfvdkufjcif;aywnf;/
rkaumif;zkef;rSmum; toufxGufaeacsjyD/ onfhwkdifatmif vufESpfzufu vifrdefusuf\ ajcESpfacsmif;udk
wif;MuyfpGm zufwG,fxm;jrJ jzpfonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu vufjzifhprf;um rkaumif;zkef;\ vufESpfzufudk "m;jzifh jzwfvkdufonf/ xkdtcgusrS
olYtaejzifh vGwfvyfpGm vIyf&Sm; rwfwyf&yfEkdifawmhonf/
aoG;oH&J&J? yg;wpfzuf a[mif;avmif;? rsufESm wpfckvHk; rnf;eufaom tqdyf&nfrsm;jzifh zHk;vTrf;aeonfh
vifrdefusuf\ aMumufrufzG,f&m tajctaeudk jrifvdkuf&olrsm; tm;vHk;rSm aemufzufodkY ajcwpfvSrf;pD
qkwfrdoGm;Muonf/
csif;csef*dkPf;om; rsm;url olwdkYq&m&Sd&modkY ajy;vTm;um oGm;a&mufMunfhvdkufMu\/ jyD;aemuf ... ]]q&m
.. q&m .. aoaeygayghvm;}} [k aMuuGpJ Gm ajymvdkufMuawmh\/
vifrdeu
f sufu ... ]][m; .. [m; .. [m; .. ig uvJhpm; acsEdkifjyD/}}
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;uawmh vifh[lcsKH;udkwGJ jrif;vSnf;ay: wifvdkufMu\/ aoG;xGufaeonfh
'Pf&mudk aq;rsm;xnfhjyD; ywfwD;topf pnf;ay;Mu\/
vdefvdefurl vifrdefusufxHodkY avQmufoGm;jyD; ajymvdkufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf .. &SifhrdbawG&JU &efaMuG;udk qyfEkdifcJhjyD/ uRefruvnf; *kPf,lygw,f}}
vifrdeu
f sufum; tl;ozG,f qufvuf &,farmvsuf &Sdaeao;onf/
]]ig uvJhpm; acsEdkifjyD ... ig uvJhpm; acsEdkifjyD/}}
wGifwGif atmf[pfaeaomfvnf; vifrdefusuf\ rsufpdESpfvHk;rSm pHkrSdwfxm;jrJ jzpfaeojzihfvdefvdefu ...
]]bmjzpfvkdY rsufpdudk twif;rSdwfxm;wmvJ ... zGifhvdkufawmhav/ .. &efolawGvJ aoukefjyDyJOpm/
&SifhrsufESmay:u trnf;&nfawGudk a&eJYaq;ay;r,faemf}}
vifrdeu
f sufrSm wHkYueJjzpfoGm;um ,dkifvJawmhrvkd jzpfoGm;\/ vdefvdefu zswffvwfpGm oGm; wGJvdkufrS
olYudk,fol [efEkdifoGm;onf/ olru pm;aomufqdkif a&tdk;rS a&wpfcGufcyfum vifrdefusuf\ acgif;ay:
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1010
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avmif;csay;vdkufonf/
]]tm;}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvdkufoHaMumihf vltm;vHk; vefYoGm;Mujyefonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]nDrav; .. 'DrSm vdrf;aq;&Sdw,f/ nDav;vifred fusufudk vdrf;ay;vdkuf/ jyD;awmh igwkdY&JU
jrif;vSnf;xJrSm0ifjyD; tem;,lygap}}
vdefvdefu wkef,ifaom toHav;jzifh ... ]]aus; .. aus;Zl;wifygw,f tpfudkMuD;}}
vifrdeu
f sufurl emusnf;aom toHjzihf ...
]]rvkdbl; .... olYtultnDudk ,lp&mrvdkbl;/ olubmrdkYvdkY rif;u rsufESmcsKdaoG;ae&ovJ ... bm
taMumif;rS r&Sdbl;/ ig aoao&Sif&Sif oleJY bmrSrqkdifbl;/ ightwGuf bmrS ylp&mrvdkbl;}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm aMumiftrf;trf; jzpfoGm;awmhonf/ olYpdwfxJ
wGif ...
]]igu rif;udk b,fwkef;u xdcdkufemusifatmif vkyfcJhzl;vdkYvJ/ ighaMumifh rif;rSm bmrsm; epfem qHk;IH;zl;
vdkYvJ/ rif; ..... ighudk bmjzpfvkdY a'goxGufaewmvJ}}
vdefvdefurl vifrdefusuf\ qdk;0g;vSaom tajctaersm;udk awGUae&ojzifh nifompGm acsmharmh ajym&Sm
onf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... [efqef;*dkPf;&JU 'Pf&mvdrf;aq;u odyftpGrf;xufwm ..... tifrwef &cJwJh aq;wpfyg;
yg}}
odkYaomf vifrdefusufurl a'gowMuD;jzifh ]]bm &cJwmvJ}} [k atmf[pfvdkufjyefonf/
vdefvdefonf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum aemufxyfa&wpfyHk; oGm;cyfjyD; vifrdefusufacgif;rS avmif;cs
ay;vdkufjyefonf/
vifrdeu
f sufrSm qwfueJ jzpfoGm;onf/ onfwpfMudrfwGifawmh ]tifh} ueJ toHwpfcsufom Mum;vdkuf&
\/ vHk;0ratmfawmhyJ tHMudwf wif;cHaevdkufonf/ vdefvdef a&avmif;jyD;oGm;rS ...
]]rif;yg;pyfu tjrJwrf;ajymw,f/ ]olodyfaumif;w,f}/ rif;taeeJY 'Dpum;uvGJjyD; rajymwwfawmhbl;
vm;/ ... olu rif;udk 'DavmufMuifemjyD; 'Davmuf*kpdkufae&if rif;u bmjzpfvkdY olYaemufvdkufroGm;yJ
ighem;uyfae&ovJ}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ rsufESmrsm;rSm wif;rmoGm;Muawmh\/
vifrdefusuf\ pum;rsm;u vifh[lcsKH;\ *kPfodumudk apmfum;vdkujf cif; r[kwfygvm;/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;
onf vifh[lcsKH;\ apwemudk aumif;pGm odMuonf/
vdefvdefESihf vifrdefusufwkdYtm; vifh[lcsKH;u ol\ *dkPf;wlnDav;ESifh nDrav;rsm;ozG,f ,ckwkdif
oabmxm;aeayao;\/ ,ckvnf; vifrdefusuf\toufudk vifh[lcsKH;u u,fvdkufjcif;omjzpf\/
vifrdefusuf\ wkdufyGJwGif [efqef;*dkPf;taejzifh rnfonfhzufurQ yg0ifywfoufrnfr[kwf[k uwdpum;
ajymMum;cJhaomfvnf; aemufqHk;tajctae csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;u vifrdefusuftm; ckwfxpfowfjzwf&ef
0dkif;0ef;vmMuaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;onf uwdpum;udk csKd;azmufvsuf vifrdefusuf\toufudk u,fcJhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ wm;qD;rIaMumifhom csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm vifrdefusufudk rowfEdkifMujcif; jzpfonf/
,ckcsufcsif;yif vifrdefusufxHrS aus;Zl;uef;onfhpum; Mum;ae&ayjyD/ &d[dku rcH&yfEkdifawmhyJ atmf[pf
vdkufonf/
]]olrsm;u &Sifh&JU toufudkvnf; u,f&ao;w,f/ &Sifu 'Dvdk t&Sufr&SdwJh pum;rskKd; ajymxGuf&Jovm;}}
&dcsif;u &d[dk\ tuFsDvufpudk qGJum; ajzmif;jzESpfodrfhvkdufonf/
]]tpfr .... onf;cHvkdufyg/ olYrSm 'Pf&mtMuD;tus,f&xm;vdkY usm;emMuD;vdkjzpfjyD; a'goxGufaewmyg/
rodvdkuf rodzmom aevdkufyg tpfr&,f}}
]]xGD .... 'Dvdk t&Sufr&SdwJh pum;rsKd;awmh igu vHk;0 onf;rcHEdkifbl;}}
xkdpOf vdefvdefonf vufudkifyk0gwpfxnfudk xkwf,l vifrdefusuf\ yg;wGif&Sdaom 'Pf&mudk yGwfoyf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1011
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oefYpifay;vdu
k f\/ odkY&mwGif vifrdefusufu vufjzihf vdefvdeftm; kwfjcnf; aqmifhwGef;vkduo
f jzifh
tidkufrdoGm;aom vdefvdefYrSm vGifhpOfvJus oGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm a'goxGufvSojzihf atmf[pfvkdufrdonf/
]]rif; ... rif; ..}}
olu csufcsif; &yfvkdufonf/ um; vifr,m;ESpfa,muf\ ta&;tcif;omjzpfonf/ olESihf rqkdifacs/
olYtaejzihf olwpfyg; vifr,m;ta&; rnfodkYrQ 0ifpGufcGifhr&Sd/
,if;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm ]]rif; ... rif; ..}} [lom ajymEdkifjyD; jyefvnf EIwfqdwfoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/
olYwpfudk,fv;Hk rSm a'goaMumifh wqwfqwf wkefvsuf &Sdonf/
vifrdeu
f sufu rsufpdrjrif awmhaomfvnf; [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;\ pum;udk Mum;um jyHK;vkdufonf/
]]b,folvJ? ighudk t&Sufr&Sdbl;vdkY ajymwm ... b,folu t&Sufr&SdwmvJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufu &Dcsef;vJusaeaom ae&modkY vufnId;xkd;jy&if; ...
]]'D*sykMuD; &Dcsef;eJY cg;ukef;MuD;wdkY[m
ighwkdYrsKd;dk;ydkif bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udkvdkcsifvdkY &,lzkdY twif;
MudK;pm;Muw,f/ ighrdbawGudk owfjzwfMuw,f/ olwkdY[m tifrwef dkif;pdkif;&ufpufwm rSefw,f/ 'gayr,fh
atmufwef;rusbl;/ ajAmif wkdufcdkufw,f ...}}
xkdae&modkY a&mufaomtcg vdefvdeu
fY dk vufId;xdk;jyjyD; vifrdefusufu ...
]]rif;taz opm&Sif"m;uawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ bmopm&Sif"m;vJ/ 'DemrnfMuD;ukd a&xJ vTifhypfvkdufawmh/
,kwfrmw,f/ aumufuspfw,f/ OmPfeDOmPfeufoHk;jyD; igwkdY rsKd;dk;ydkif bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk tydkifpD;vdkufw,f}}
vdefvdefu vJusae&mrSjyefxum wkef,ifaomavoHjzifh ... ]]&Sif ... &Sif ... bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ}}
]]bmawG ajym&rvJ ... trSefawG ajymaewmaygh/ [if; .. t&Sufr&SdwJhrdef;r? 'DtMuHtpnfukd rif;wkdY
om;tzESpfa,muf yl;aygif;MuHpnfwmyJav}}
]]&Sif .. &Sif .. r[kwfwmawG rajymeJY}}
]]bmr[kwfwmvJ/ [kwfwm rSefwm .. [if; [if; .. rif;vkd 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD;&JU wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;
jzpfwJh aTrif;orD;av;u ighvdk rdr&Sd? zr&Sd jyefp&m tdrfawmifr&SdwJh wpfaumifMuGufudk vufxyfEdkifwm
awmfawmf tHhMop&m aumif;yguvm;/ rif; ighudk bmaMumifh vufxyfcJhovJ ... ajymprf;}}
]]&Sif ... rawmfrw&m;awG rajymygeJY}}
]][if; ... rif; rajzEdkifawmhbl; r[kwfvm;/ iguyJ ajzvkdufyghr,f/ rif; ighudkvufxyfwm bDvl;rD;
"m;okdif;udk vdkcsifvkdYr[kwfvm;/ ... tckqkd&if "m;odkif;udk rif;wkdY&oGm;jyD/ bmjzpfvdkY ighudk rowfao;wmvJ}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ &ufpuf&ifhoD;vSaom pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vdefvdefrSm csKH;yGJcs idkaMuG;av
awmhonf/
]]uRefrudk 'DvdkrskKd; rpGyfpGJygeJY/ uRefrrSm 'Dvkd pdwfrsKd; r&Sdygbl;&Sif/ &Sifajymovdk pdwfrsKd;om uRefrrSm &SdcJh&if
taoqdk;eJY aoygapvdkY uRefr usdef0Hhygw,f}}
vifrdeu
f sufurl at;pufpGm qufajymaeonf/
]]rif;wkdY om;tzu &Dcsef;wdY?k rkaumif;zkef;wkdYvdk ajAmifwkdufcu
dk fwJhvlawG r[kwfbl;/ aemufuG,fuae
cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf vkyfwJhvlawG? wdwfwqdwf tMuHtpnfawG a&;qGJjyD;om;/ tpwkef;uawmh ightaeeJY bmrS
rodcJhbl;/ tck igrsufpduef;awmhrS rif;wkdY tMuHtpnfawGudk jyufjyufxifxif jrifa,mifvmw,f ... xGD}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ avoH emusnf;rI? GHU&SmpufqkyfrI tjynfht0ygae\/
]]rif;wdkY om;tzESpfa,mufrSm igajymovdk tMuHtpnfrsKd; r&Sdbl;qkd&if ... igwkdYESpfa,muf vufxyfjyD;wJh
aemuf rif;uightay: b,fvdkqufqHcJhovJ/ ... [if; ... igxyfajymp&m vdkao;vdkYvm;/ ... rif;
aumif;aumif; odygw,fav/}}
vdefvdef\ rsufESmav;rSm &JueJ &SufaoG;wufoGm;um ...
]]'gudkawmh &Sif .... &Sif .... uRefrudk tjypfrwifeJY .... &Sif ... &Sifu}}
olru pum;udk kwfw&uf jzwfvkdufjyD; vifrdefusuf&Sd&modkY avQmufvmonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1012
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifrdefusuf ... pdwfraumif;p&mawGudk jyefpOf;pm;raeygeJYawmh ... uRefru &Sifhtay: b,fawmhrS

pdwfrajymif;ygbl;}}
vifrdeu
f sufonf r&,fcsifh&,fcsifjzifh w[if;[if; &,faeonf/ vdefvdeu
f rl qufajymvdkufonf/
]]uRefrwkdYESpfa,muf 0gqef;awmifudk jyefMu&atmif/ &Sifh 'Pf&mudkvnf; tem;,l&if; ukwmaygh/ &Sifh
rsufvHk;awG aumif;aumif;? raumif;aumif; uRefru &Sifhtay: b,fawmhrS pdwfrajymif;ygbl;}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ceJYjyHK;jyHK;aeonf/ ol\tjyHK;udk vdefvdefu aumif;pGmem;vnfonf/ olYudk &Sif;jyrae
awmhyJ vif;vif;xHodkY avQmufvmjyD; ...
]]uRefrudk jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;avmuf cPiSm;ygvm;&Sif/ jrif;vSnf;eJY oGm;rS tqifajyrSmrdkYyg}}
vif;vif;u ysLysLiSmiSmjzifh ...
]]&ygw,f .. &ygw,f/ jrif;vSn;f wpfpD; ydkaeygw,f}} [kajymum jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;udk qGJ,o
l Gm;ap\/
vdefvdefonf vifrdefusufudk MuifempGmwGJac: jrif;vSnf;qDodkY avQmufvmaponf/ vSnf;em;a&mufaomf
...
]]uRefrwkdY jrif;vSnf;eJY oGm;Mur,f/ vSnf;ay: wufvdkufaemf}}
vifrdeu
f sufrSm a'goxGufaeqJyif/ odkYaomf olYrSm rsufpdESpfuGif; tvif;r&oljzpf vdefvdef\ tultnD
r&ygu rnfodkYrQ vrf;avQmufEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/ aemufqHk;wGif vdefvdef\ tultnDjzifhyif vSnf;ay:
wufvkduf&awmh\/
vif;vif;ukd aus;Zl;wifaomtMunfhjzifh vSrf;MunfhvdkufjyD; vdefvdefonf jrif;vSnf;udk armif;xGufoGm;
avawmh\/ olronf vifh[lcsKH;udk wpfcsufrQ iJhapmif; rMunfhoGm;acs/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdef\ jrif;vSnf; jrifuGif;rS aysmufoGm;onftxd ai;armMunfhaerd\/ olYrsuf0ef;wGif
rsuf&nfrsm; 0Jaevsuf pdwfxJrS ...
]]nDav; vifrdefusufu rsufpduef; ... nDrav; vdefvdefu 'gPf&m&/ olwkdY ESpfa,muf 0gqef;awmifudk
a&mufatmif b,fvdkrsm; jyefMurvJ/ vrf;wpf0ufrSm csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG 0dkif;jyD; &ef&SmMu&if olwdkY b,fvkd
ckcHEdkifawmhrvJ}}
xkdpOf csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm taemufawmifbufodkY OD;wnf xGufcGmoGm;onfudk awGUvkduf&\/ ,if;rSm
vdefvdefwdkYESifh qefYusifbuft&yf jzpfonf/ odkYaomf odkY xGufcGmkHESifh pdwfcsae rjzpfacs/ ta0;a&mufrS
ajrmufzufodkY jyefauGUjyD; vdefvdefwYdk jrif;vSnf;udk trSDvkdufjyD; wkdufcdkufMuvQif tb,fol odEdkifrnfenf;/
vifh[lcsKH; pdwfxJwGif cyfapmapmu vifrdefusufESifh vdefvdefwkdY tjyeftvSef ajymaecJhMuaom pum;rsm;udk
jyefvnfpOf;pm;rdonf/ xdkpum;rsm; tjyifvlrodEkdifaom vQKdU0SufZmwfaMumif;rsm; yg&Sdaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;
taejzifh vHk;0 pOf;pm;r&yJ jzpfaeonf/
olwkdYvifr,m;ESpfa,mufwGif &Sif;r&onfh jyemMuD; &Sdaeonfuawmhaocsmonf/ [efqef;*dkPf;om;
rsm;onf q,frdkifausmf c&D;qufMujyD; xdknwGif bk&m;ausmif; wpfckwGif 0ifa&muftdyfpufMuonf/
nwGif toHwpfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH; tdyf&mrS Edk;vmonf/
]]tpfudk .. tpfudk}}
vif;vif;\ toHyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;u olEkd;aeaMumif; acsmif;[efYum tcsufay;vdkufonf/
]]tpfudk ... tjyifcP xGufcJhyg/ pum;ajymp&m &Sdw,f}}
bk&m;ausmif;tjyifodkY vifh[lcsKH; xGufvmaomtcg avSum;xpfwGifxikd f tjyifodkYai;aeaom vif;vif;
udk awGUvdkuf&\/ wdwfqdwfpGmyif vifh[lcsKH;u olrab;em;wGif xkdifcsvdkufonf/ twefMumrS vif;vif;u
ar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudk .. vdefvdefYtwGuf pdwfrylbl;vm;[if}}
]][kwfw,f vif;vif; ... vdefvdefYtwGufwifrubl;/ vifrdefusuf twGufyg pdwfylw,f/ olwkdYrSm 'Pf&m
tMuD;tus,feJY r[kwfvm;/ tpfudk pdwfrylyJ raeEdkifbl; ... 'geJY olwkdY ajymwJh udpawGudkvJ em;rvnfjyefbl;}}
]]tpfudku csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG vrf;wpf0ufavmufrSm jyefauGUjyD; vufpm;acsrSm pdk;&drfwm r[kwfvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1013
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]][kwfw,f/ tJ'gudk pdk;&drfwmyJ/ olwkdYtaeeJY 'DvdktcsdefrsKd;rSm vdefvdefwdkYudk wkdufcdkuf&if tcGifhtomqHk;yJ/

[kdESpfa,mufu 'gPf&mMuD;awGeJY qkdawmh b,fckcHEdkifygawmhrvJ}}
vif;vif;u ... ]]'gjzifh tpfukdu bmjzpfvkdY vdkufroGm;wmvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif;cs ...
]]vifrdefusuf&JU pum;awGudk Mum;&wm tpfukdY&ifxJrSm raumif;bl;/ olYavoHxJrSm tpfudkYudk
txifvGJaew,f qdkwm xif&Sm;aew,f/ tpfukdu olwkdYukd apwemeJYulnDwmyg/ nDav;? nDrav;awGvdk
oabmxm;jyD; tultnDay;aewm/ tckvnf; tpfudkvdkufjyD; u,fcsifygw,f/ 'gayr,hf rjzpfygbl;/ olwkdY
vifr,m;ESpfa,muf xyfjyD; pdwf0rf;uGJr,fh tjzpfrsKd; ra&mufapcsifb;l /}}
vif;vif;u jyHK; ar;vkdufonf/
]]tpfudk oGm;ru,f&jcif;&JU yxrtcsufuawmh [kwfygjyD/ aemufwpfcsufu tpfudku uRefrpdwfqdk;rSm
pdk;&drfaew,f r[kwfvm;/ rSefrSefajzyg}}
vif;vif;tm; vifh[lcsKH;u av;pm;aomtMunfhjzifh Munfh nifompGm acgif;ndwfjyonf/ jyD;aemuf
vif;vif;\ vufuav;udk tomt,m qkyfudkifum ...
]][kwfw,f vif;vif; .. vif;vif;ajymwm trSefygyJ/ 'DavmuMuD;xJrSm tpfudk&,f .. vif;vif;&,f ..
ESpfa,mufxJyJ &Sdawmhw,f/ 'grS vif;vif;pdwfqdk;atmifvkyfjyD; tpfudkwkdY pdwf0rf;uGJoGm;Mu&if 'Db0rSm
bmt"dyg,f &SdawmhrvJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u olY&ifxJrS pum;rsm;udk xkwfajymvkdufaomtcg vif;vif;rSm rsuf&nfrsm; 0dkif;vmonftxd
MunfEl;rdawmh\/
]]tpfukdu uRefrtay:rSm 'Dvdkoabmxm;wJh aemufawmh uRefrwkdYMum;rSm bmrS pdwf0rf;uGJaep&m
r&Sdawmhygbl;/ tck uRefrwdkY aemufusaevkYrd jzpfbl;/ olwkdYaemufudk csufcsif;vdkufrS rDEdkifvdrfhr,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if
]igvdkufru,frdavjcif;} vdkY wpfoufvHk; aemifweJY ,lMuHK;r& jzpfaevdrfhr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm xdwfueJjzpfoGm;awmh\/ wpfoufvHk; aemifweJY ,lMuHK;r&qkdaompum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom
tcg vdefvdefwdY\
k jrif;vSnf;udk csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;u xdk;ESufwu
kd fcdkufaeyHkudk jrifa,mifvmawmh\/
vif;vif;u ... ]]tck &d[dkeJY &dcsif; ESpfa,mufudk uRefroGm;EId;vdkufr,f/ olwkdYudk [efqef;awmifudk
olwdkYzmom jyefMuzkdY tpfukdurSmvdkufaygh/ .. uRefrwdkYuawmh vdefvdefwdkYudk aemufuG,fuae wdwfwqdwf
umuG,f apmifha&Smufay;jyD;rS jyefvmcJhr,fvdYk rSmvdkufyg}}
]]aumif;w,f/ ... 'DtMuH odyfaumif;w,f/ olwkdYudk oGm;EId;vku
d fav/ 'Dtwkdif;yJ ajymvkdufr,f}}
odkYjzihf &d[dkESihf &dcsif;wkdY a&mufvmMuavawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;\ tMuHtwkdif;yif olwdkYudk
ajymqkdrSmMum;vdkufonf/ vif;vif;rSmrl twefi,fvSrf;onfh ae&m &yfaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf
vGwfvyfpGm ajymqkdEdkif&ef a&Smifay;onfh yHkpHrsKd; jzpfonf/
odkYaomf wu,fwrf;rSm &d[dkESifh &dcsif;wdkY\rsufESmudk rMunfh&Javmufatmif vif;vif;wpfa,muf
&Sufaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ rdrdESifh vifh[lcsKH;ESpfa,mufwnf; jrif;vSnf;wpfpD;ESifh twlwuG xGufoGm;Muonf
udk Munfh aemufajymifrnfudk &Sufaejcif;yif/
jrif;vSn;f ay:odkY vifh[lcsKH; wufvmjyD;aomtcg vif;vif;u armif;xGufvmonf/ ta0;odkYa&mufrS
vif;vif;wpfa,muf [if;csEkdifawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESpfa,mufonf vrf;c&D; rsufESmrsm;udk ajrMuD;rsm;jzifh okwfvdrf;um acgif;udkvnf;
acgif;aygif; aygif;xm;vdkufMuonf/ olwkdYESpfa,mufudk kwfw&ufMunfh rnfolrQ rSwfrdEkdifrnf r[kwfawmh
acs/
jyD;aemuf jrif;vSnf;udk tjyif; armif;ESifawmhonf/
vdefvdefwkdY ESpfa,mufudk tcsdefrSD umuG,fEdkif&ef tjyif;armif;ESifrS rSDayawmhrnf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1014
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oif;uGyfodkif;usifh
vif;vif;ESifh vifh[lcsKH;wkdYonf jrif;vSnf;udk tjyif;armif;ESifcJhMuojzihf c&D;tawmftwef aygufcJhMuonf/
jrif;rsm; armyef;vmaomtcgusrS jznf;nif;oufompGm armif;vmMuonf/ tcsdefum; aea&mifaysmuf
vrif;MuD; xGufvmayjyD/
jrif;vSn;f acgifrdk;ay:wufum ab;ywf0ef;usifudk vif;vif;u MunfhIvdkufonf/ va&mifatmufwGif
cyfvSrf;vSrf; vrf;rab;wpfae&m jrif;vSnf;wpfpD; &yfxm;aMumif; awGUvkduf&onf/
xkdjrif;vSnf;udk vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; awGUvkduf&ojzihf vif;vif;tm; ...
]]vif;vif; .. tJ'g vdefvdefwkdYudk ay;vkdufwJh jrif;vSnf;r[kwfvm;/ olwkdYu 'Dem;rSm bmjzpfvkdY &yfxm;
ygvdrfh}}
]]tpfudk .... uRefrwkdY jrif;vSnf;udk wpfbD;csif;vdSrfhjyD; tJ'DvSnf;em; uyfoGm;&ifaumif;r,f/ toHrMum;rS
jzpfr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u oabmwlum olwkdY\jrif;vSnf;udk toHrxGufatmif jznf;nif;oufompGm armif;ESifvm
onf/ eD;uyfvmaomtcg jrif;vSnf;ab;wGif vlwpfa,muf &yfaeonfudk awGUvkdufMu&onf/
vifrdeu
f sufyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMojzifh ...
]]olwkdYu bm&yfvkyfaeMuwmvJ}}
]]tpfudk 'DrSm cPapmifhae/ uRefrwpfa,mufwnf; tajctae oGm;Munfhr,f/ ESpfa,mufpvHk;oGm;&if
toHvHkrSm r[kwb
f l;}}
vif;vif;pum;rSm rSefayonf/ olwkdY\jrif;vSnf;udk onfhxufwkd;uyfygu jrif;vSnf;oHudk vifrdefusuf
wkdY Mum;ayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ... ]]oGm;av .. tpfudk 'DuyJ apmifhaer,f}}
vif;vif;onf udk,fazmhynmjzihf vdefvdefwkdY\ vSnf;em;odkY csOf;uyfoGm;awmh\/ jrifjrifxifxifawmh
r[kwfacs/ vrf;ab;&Sd jrufawmxJodkY a&S;OD;pGm ajy;0ifoGm;onf/ xkdjrufawmxJrSwqifh vdefvdefESifh
vifrdefusufwdkY jrif;vSnf;qDodkY ykef;vQKd;csOf;uyfoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vkdufoGm;csifaomfvnf; olY'Pf&mtajctaet& rnfodkYrQ rvdkufEkdifojzifh aecJh&jcif;
jzpfonf/ vif;vif; xGufoGm;onfudkom olu ai;armMunfhaerdawmh\/
rsm;rMumrDyif vif;vif;onf vdefvdefwkdY\ vSnf;em;odkY a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ vifrdefusuf\ toHudk
a&S;OD;pGm Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]vdefvdef .. igajymwmudk aoaocsmcsm em;axmifjyD;ajzprf;yg/ igwkdYrsKd;dk;ykdif bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk
rif;tazu tm;vHk;&oGm;jyD/ 'gawmifrS bmjzpfvdkY ighaemufudk rif;u qufvkdufae&wmvJ}}
vdefvdefu ... ]]vifrdefusuf ... &Sifu uRefrudk r,HkouFm jzpfaeao;wmyJudk; .. aoom
aovkdufcsifawmhwmyJ/ &Sif 0gqef;*dkPf;xJ 0ifvmwkef;u &SifhrSm tJ'Dodkif;pmtkyf ygvmvdkYvm;/ bDvl;rD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1015
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
"m;okdif;pmtkyf &SifhrSm &SdaecJhovm;/ tJonfwkef;uwnf;u uRefru &Sifhtay: aumif;vmcJhwmyg/ uRefrrSm

bmtMuHtpnfrsm; &SdvdkYvJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ceJYjyHK;jyHK;&if; em;axmifae&mrS vdefvdefu aemufqHk;pum;rsm;udk ajymvdkufaomtcg...
]]bmtMuHtpnfrsm;&SdvdkYvJ... [kwfvm;}} qdkaompum;udk xyfrHa&Gwfvdkufonf/ xkdYaemuf cGufxdk;
cGufvef &,fvdkufawmhonf/ olY&,foH emusnf;rI tjynfhygaeonf/
]]at; .. rif;u rodwmvm; ... rodcsifa,mif aqmifaewmvm;/ ... 'DvdkrSawmh igajymjyao;wmaygh/
zkusKd;jrdKUjyifu t&ufqdkifrSm rif;tazu olY&JU wpfOD;wnf;aom orD;av;? 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU aTrif;orD;av;udk
bmjzpfvdkY t&ufa&mif;cdkif;&ovJ/ 'Davmufa0;wJhc&D;? 'Davmuf tE&m,frsm;wJhae&mudk taysmfoabmeJY
vTwfwm jzpfEdkifrvm;/ ... tJ'g ighudk ig;pmcsjyD; rQm;wm r[kwf&if bmvJ}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ pGJcsufum; jyif;xefvS\/ vdefvdefurl ...
]]&Sif ,Hkcsif,Hk ... r,Hkcsifae/ uRefreJY tpfudk eHygwfESpfwkdY zkusKd;jrdKUjyifu t&ufqkdifudk vmwkef;u tJ'D
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; qdkwmudk Mum;awmif rMum;zl;bl;}}
vif;vif;u toHcyfrmrmjzifh &Sif;jyaeonf/ vifrdefusuf\ pGyfpGJcsufESifh ywfouf olrtaejzihf vHk;0
rod&SdcJh&aMumif; tdk;cHtwkdif;ajymjyaejcif;vJ jzpfonf/
]]uRefrtaz ajymwmuawmh csif;csef*dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk; tvHk;t&if;eJY qif;oGm;wm[m raumif;rI
wpfckckudk vkyfawmhrSmjzpfvdkY uRefreJY tpfudkESpfudk oGm;pHkprf;MuwJh/ olwkdY bmawG MuHpnfaeovJqdkwm
twdtusod&atmif vkyfcJhqdkjyD; vTwfvdkufwmyg}}
vifrdeu
f suf\ avoH tenf;i,f aysmhoGm;awmh\/
]]aumif;jyDav/ igu rif;&JUpum;udk ,HkygjyD/ ... tck ighrSm rjrifruef;eJY 'kudwjzpfaejyD/ rif;twGuf igu
bmrsm; aumif;usKd;jyKEkdifawmhrSmvJ/ rif;eJYigu vifr,m;vdkYom ajymaeMuwm wu,fawmh vifr,m;t&m
ajrmufao;wm r[kwfbl;/ rif;u tysKdppfppfyJ/ rif;taeeJY vifh[lcsKH;qDyJ jyefygawmh}}
jrufawmxJ ykef;0yf em;axmifaeaom vif;vif;rSm xkdpum;rsm;udk yDyDooMuD; Mum;vdkuf&\/
olrtaejzihf vHk;0 rarQmfvifhxm;aom pum;rsm;jzpf&m rsufESm wjyifvHk; xlyloGm;awmh\/
]]olwkdY b,fvkd jzpfaeMuwmvJ}}
vif;vif;u wpfa,mufwnf; wD;wdk; a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/ pdwfxJrS quf awG;aevkdufonf/
]]igu rdef;uav;wpfa,mufvkyfaejyD; olrsm; vifr,m;awGtaMumif; cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf em;axmif
ae&wJhudpu &Sufp&m aumif;wJhudpyJ/ bmvkyf&if aumif;rvJ}}
wu,fwrf;tm;jzifhrl olr\ ajcaxmufrsm;udk tenf;i,fav;rQ raTUEdkifay/ 0gqef;*dkPf;\ jrKyfuGuf
ZmwfaMumif;rsm;udk olrtaejzihf odvdkaeaomaMumihfyifwnf;/
vdefvdefu oufjyif;csvdkufjyD; ...
]]tif; ... b0qdkwmrsm; odyfxl;qef;wmyJ/ vufrxyfcifwkef;uawmh &Sifu uRefrudk cspfw,fvdkY xifcJh
wmyJ/ ... vufvJxyfjyD;awmhrS &Sif uRefrukd b,favmuf rkef;ovJqdkwm od&awmhw,f/ &SifeJY uRefru
wpfcef;wnf; wpfukwifwnf; twlwlaeayr,fh twlrtdyfbl;/ uRefrtay:rSm Muifem ,k,rIvnf; r&Sdbl;/
... uRefrawmh vHk;0 rpOf;pm;wwfbl;/ uRefrudk 'Davmuf rkef;ae&JUom;eJYrsm; bmjzpfvdkY vufxyfvkduf&
ao;vJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]rif;pdwfu xifaevdkYyg/ igu rif;udk rrkef;ygbl;}}
vdefvdefu ...
]]&Sifu uRefrudk rrkef;bl; .... [kwfvm;/ 'gqkd&if bmvdkY tckvdk pdrf;pdrf;um;um; qufqHae&wmvJ/
tazeJY taruqdk&if uRefrudk wzGzGar;w,f/ &Sif uRefrudk ,k,k,, MuifMuifemem qufqH&JUvm;vdkY/
uRefruawmh wu,fhtjzpfeJY qefYusifaewJh tajzpum;udkyJay;w,f/ ]ol .. odyfaumif;ygw,f} vdkYyJ tjrJwrf;
ajymcJhw,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1016
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ajym&if;rS vdefvdefonf csKH;yGJcs idkaMuG;avawmh\/ vdefvdef\ pum;rsm;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg

vifrdefusufonf qwfueJ wkefvIyfoGm;onf/ jrif;vSnf;ay: ckefwufvdu
k fjyD; tirf;r& ar;vkdufonf/
]]bm ... rif;taru rif;udk cPcP ar;w,f [kwfvm; .. wu,fvm;}}
]]wu,faygh .... uRefru nmajymrvm;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf &Sifu uRefr a,mufsm;yJ qdkjyD; &Sifzufu tjrJwrf;
umuG,fajymcJhw,f/ wpfaeYus&if &SifhpdwfawG ajymif;vJvmjyD; uRefrtay: aumif;vmrSmyJvkdY uRefru
arQmfvifhxm;wm}}
vifrdeu
f sufu jidrfoufae\/ twefMumrS ...
]]tpwkef;u rif;&JUtazu ighudk rowfao;wm bmaMumifhvJvkdY awG;r&cJhbl;/ vufpowfawmh rif;u
Mum;xJuae ighudk umuG,fay;xm;vdkYudk;/ ... rif;om tckvdk ighudk umuG,frxm;&if 0gqef;awmifxdyfrSm
igaowm MumjyD/ tckqdk tdk;awmif aqG;aeavmufjyD}}
vdefvdefu acgif;udk oGufoGufcgatmif cg,rf;vdkufjyD; ...
]][ifhtif; .. uRefru &Sifhudk rumuG,fvkdY? &Sifu uRefrtay:rSm pdrf;pdrf;um;um; qufqHaew,fqdkwm
odoGm;kHeJYawmh tazu &Sifhudk owfrypfygbl;/ rjzpfEdkifwmyJ}}
vifrdeu
f sufu emusnf;cg;oD;aom toHjzihf ...
]]tif; ... rif;[m igxifovdk odxm;wm r[kwfygvm;/ rif;tazu ighudk owfr,fhtaMumif;&if;u
rif;tay: pdrf;pdrf;um;um; qufqHvdkY r[kwfbl;/ .. igu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk wwfxm;vkdYyJ}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1017
pmpOf (14)
pmpOf(14)
rmwdum
tceff;(89)
tcef;(90)
tcef;(91)
tcef;(92)
tcef;(93)
tcef;(94)
oif;uGyfodkif;usifh rStquf
opmrJhNcif;
arwm&nf ukefcef;Ncif;
[efqef;awmifodkY
aoG;pGef;aom 0gqef;
0gqef;ausmuf*l
b0oHo&m
scanned by NEO@mmcp

htetkgkin
htetkgkin & hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
hotrod
1020
1028
1040
1056
1063
1077
1093
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefonf bD;vl;rD;"m;odkif;[lonfh pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg csufcsif; tmHkajymif;oGm;awmh\/

olr\ tdrfaxmifa&;udpudk acwarhavsmhoGm;onf/
]][dkaeYwkef;u tazu usdvifxefudk wdkufcdkufwJh "m;uGufu odyfxl;jcm;wmyJaemf? uRefrjzifh tHhMovGef;vdkY
toufawmif rIEdkifbl;? aemufNyD; &Sifu &Dcsef;eJY rkaumif;zkef;wdkYudk wdkufcdkufwJh "m;uGufawGuvnf; 'DvdkyJ?
tJ'g bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;vm; ....}}
]][kwfw,f? tJ'g igwdkY ]vif} rsdK;&dk;ydkif bD;vl;rD;"m;odkif; qdkwmyJ.....}}
vifrdefusufavoH tm;&*kPf,laom avvHrsm; tjynfht0 yg0ifae\/ xdktcg vdefvdefu ...
]]&Sif....'D"m;odkif; avhusifhwmudk uRefrudkawmif ajymrjybl;? &Sifu odyfvQdKY0SufwmyJ....}}
]]ightaeeJY b,fvdkvkyfjyD; zGifhajym&JrSmvJ? tjzpfu'Dvdk ... vifh[lcsHK;u zkusdK;jrdKYrSm [dkouFef;udk vk,lNyD;
xGufajy;zdkYBudK;pm;w,f? 'gayr,fh rvGwfbl;? rif;taz&JUvufxJudk 'D"m;odkif;usrf;u a&mufoGm;w,f...}}
vdefvdefu csufcsif;atmf[pf uefYuGufonf/
]]r[kwfbl;....?r[kwfbl;.....? &Sifajymaewm ouFef;pay:rSm a&;xm;wJh "m;odkif;uGufudk tpfudkBuD; ,loGm;
wmyg/ tazu tpfudkBuD;qDu twif;tusyf jyefawmif;wmawmif tpfuBdk uD;u jyefray;bl; ...}}
vifrdefusufu oa&mfjyHK;jyHK;vdkuf\/ xdktjyHK;aBumifh vdefvdefonf ydk rausreyf jzpfoGm;jyD; quf
&Sif;jyonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;&JY "m;odkif;u b,favmufaumif;ovJ? tpfudkBuD;u tazhudkawmif tEdkif,lEdkiw
f ,f? ol&JY
"m;odkif;u bD;vl;rD;"m;odkif; r[kwfbl;vm; ..../}}
vifrdefusufonfceJYjyHK; jyHK;&if; ....
]]rif; bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ? rifajymwmawG[m wpfckrS r[kwfbl;? vifh[lcsHK;u yg;eyfayr,fh
rif;taz avmufawmh raumufuspfao;bl;? r,kwfrmao;bl; ....}}
vdefvdefrSm vifrdefusuf\pum;aBumifh rcHr&yfEdkifatmif jzpfoGm;\/ odkYaomf vifrdefusufurl vdefvdef
rcHr&yfEdkifjzpfaeyHkudk rjrifEdkifol jzpfonfhtwdkif; vHk;0 *krpdkufbJ qufajymaeonf/
]]aemufNyD; vifh[lcsHK;&JY "m;odkif;u bmawGrSef;rodbl;? Iyf,SufcwfaewmyJ? 'Davmuf Iyf,SufcwfaewJh
"m;odkif;udk igwdkY bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;eJY vmEdIif;vdkY b,fjzpfrvJ? aumif;qef;awmifrSmwkef;u vifh[lcsHK;[m
rif;udkawmif rEdik fbl;? tJ'D"m;odkif;udk rif;rdkYvdkY bDvl;rD; "m;odkif;eJY EdIif;&ufw,f ....}}
vifrdefusufonf olwdkY\rsdK;&dk;ydkif "m;odkif;udk vifh[lcsHK;\"m;odkif;ESifh EdIif;&ygrnfvm;[k tBuD;tus,f
rcHr&yfEdkifajymaeawmh\/ vdefvdefu wdk;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifh .... ]]tpf ... tpfudkBuD;u uRefrudk
oufoufnmNyD; uRefrudk tIH;ay;cJhwmyg .....}} [kajymav\/
vifrdefusufonf ceJYjyHK; jyHK;&if; ....
]][if; .... olu rif;udk w,fjyD; oufnmyguvm;? w,fjyD;arwm&Sdyguvm; ....}}
pum;udkom vif;vif;taeESifh vGefcJhaom oHk;av;&ufu Bum;vdkuf&vQif tvGefa'go xGufrdayvdrfh
rnf/ ,ckaomf vifh[lcsHK;\pdwf&if;rSefudk odxm;&jyD; jzpfae rnfodkYrQ rwkefvIyfawmh/ xdkpOf vdefvdefu ...
]]vufpowfawmh tpfudkBuD;&JU"m;odkif;u bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; r[kwfbl;udk;/ 'geJYrsm; tazu bmjzpfvdkY
tpfudkBuD;udk tyfcsrwfcs pGyfpGJae&wmvJ? uRefrawmh rSm;jyD? rSm;jyD? tpfudkBuD;udk txifvGJoGm;jyD .....}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1020
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusufurl ceJYjyHK; jyHK;&if; ...

]]bmtxifvGJ&rSmvJ? olu ighqDu vk,loGm;wmyJ? 'gayr,fh olYxufol vlpGrf;aumif;awGeJY awGYoGm;wm?
olcdk;BuD;u "m;jyBuD;eJYawGYvdkY 'kua&mufoGm;&wm? olYrSm 'Pf&mom tjyif;txefr&&if cdkajy;wm BumvSjyD?
tckawmh rif;taz"m;jyBuD;u tvG,fwulyJ olYqDu ,lvdkufEdkifw,f? &Sd&SdorQ tjypfawGtm;vHk; vifh[lcsHK;
tay:yHkcsvdu
k fawmh olu opm&Sif olawmfaumif;BuD; jzpfoGm;wmaygh .....}}
vdefvdefonf vifrdefusuftm; olYtazESifh ywfouf vHk;0jiif;csufrxkufawmhay/ odkYaomf .....
]]tpfudkBuD;u [dkvlqdk;ESpfa,muf vufxJuae ouFef;udkjyefvkwmu tydkifpD;zdkYr[kwfygbl;? tpfudkBuD;
[m odyfoabmxm;BuD;ygw,f? uRefruom tpfudkBuD;&JY pdwfxm;udk em;rvnfcJhwm? ol[m i,fi,fuav;
xJu olwpfyg;&JY ypnf;qdk&if tyfwdkuav; wpfacsmif;awmifvdkcsifwJh vlr[kwfygbl;/}}
vif;vif;onf xdkpum;udk Bum;vdkuf&aomtcg pdwfxJrS vSrf; ajymvdkufrdawmonf/
]]tif; ... rif;u 'Dpum;rsdK; ajymazmf&ao;w,fqdkawmh rif;&JY tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;u rif;tay:
oHa,mZOf xm;&usdK;eyfoGm;ao;wmayghav}}
vdefvdefESifh vifrdefusufwdkY ESpfa,mufrSm twefBum pum;rajymrdBubJ wdwfqdwfjidrfoufae\/
vif;vif;uvnf; olwdkY a&SYqufajymrnfh pum;rsm;udk apmifhqdkif; em;axmifaeonf/
twefBumrS vdefvdefu ....
]]vifrdefusuf .... &Sifu uRefrtaztay:rSm 'DavmufpdwfckaerSawmh b,faumif;awmhrvJ? 'Dawmh
uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf wpfae&mudkoGm;jyD; at;at;aq;aq; aeBuygpdkYvm;[if}}
vifrdefusufu ceJYjyHK; jyHK;&if; ....
]]rif;u bmqdk bmrS rawG;wwfygyJuvm;? tck igwdkY bmawGjzpfcJhovJ? igu tckqdk&if &Dcsef;eJY
rkaumif;zkef;wdkYudk owfypfvdkufjyD? 'Dodkif;q&mBuD; ESpfa,mufudk b,folu vG,fvG,fululeJY owfEdkifrSmvJ ....
igu owfypfEdkifw,fqdkwmudk rif;tazu owif;Bum;rSmyJ? tJ'Dtcgus&if olu ighudk 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm
touf&SifvQuf xm;OD;r,fxifovm;}}
]][ifhtif; .... &Siftpdk;&drfvGefaewmyg? uRefrtaz &SifhqDu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; b,fvdkvk,lcJhw,fqdkwm...
oufaotaxmuftxm;eJY jy&ifawmh uRefrtaz tqdk;qdkwm uRefrvufcHr,f? 'D"m;odkif;udk usifhHkuav;eJY
&Sifhudktazu owfr,fqdkwm b,fvdkrSrjzpfEdkifygbl;? tazu 'Davmuf pdwfoabmxm; rusOf;ajrmif;ygbl;
.....}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ...rif;'Dvdkpum;rsdK; ajymwmu rif;taz&JYpdwf"mwfudk rif;wu,f rodao;vdkYbJ?
wu,fod&if 'Dvdkpum;rsdK; b,fawmhrSrajymbl;? aemufjyD; bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;taBumif; rif;u vHk;0rodao;vdkYyJ
....}}
vdefvdefonf rnfonfhpum;rQ rajymbJjidrfoufaeonf/ twefBumaomtcgrS vifrdefusuftm; .....
]]uJ ... uRefrwdkY oGm;BupdkY .... }}
]]b,fudk oGm;Bu&rvJ ... }}
]]&Sif BudKufwJhae&mudkomoGm;? uRefruawmh &SifoGm;wJhae&mudk vdkufrSmyJ ... }}
]]wu,fvm; ... aemufrS rif;aemifwr&eJYaemf ... }}
vdefvdefujywfom;aomavoHuav;jzifhajymvdkuf\/
]]&Sifu uRefra,mufsm;yJ? r,m;qdkwm vifaemuf wpfoufvHk; vdkufae&wmyJ .... uRefru bmjzpfvdkY
aemifw&rSmvJ? &Sifh'Pf&mawG aysmufonfjzpfap? raysmufonfjzpfap? uRefruawmh &Sifhab;em;rSm aejyD;
&Sifhudk wpfoufvHk; jyKpkoGm;rSmyJ? aovnf; uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf twlwl aoBuwmaygh ... }}
vdefvdefonf xdkpum;rsm;udk tonf;ESvHk;xJrS vdIufvSJpGm ajymvdkufjcif;jzpfaBumif; avoHt&a&m?
trlt&mt&yg odomonf/ vif;vif;onf xdkpum;rsm;onf tonf;ESvHk;xJrS vmaompum;rsm;jzpfaBumif;
aumif;pGmodvdkufojzifh vdefvdefudk vGefpGm av;pm;oGm;rdawmhh\/
xdkpOf vifrdefusufxHrS r&,fcsifh&,fcsifjzifh ][ifh} ceJ &,fvdkufaomtoHudk Bum;vdkuf&onf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1021
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefpum;rsm;udk r,HkBunfao;aBumif; jyovdkufjcif;yif jzpfawmh\/ vdefvdefu ..

]]vifrdefusuf .. &SifhpdwfxJrSm ckxufxd uRefrudk r,Hkao;bl;aygh [kwfvm;? 'gjzifh 'Dn &Sifhudk
uRefrwpfudk,fvk;H yHktyfvdkufr,f? 'Dvdkqdk &Sif ,Hkrvm;? uRef ... uRefr ... uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufu ... 'Dn 'DrSmyJ
r*FvmOD;n vkyfvdkufBur,fav ... [efaqmif vifr,m; r[kwfyJeJY wu,fhvifr,m;vdk aevdkufBur,fav?
b,fhES,fvJ ...}}
vdefvdef\ aemufydkif; ajymoHrsm;rSm vif;vif; rBum;Edkifavmufatmif wdk;oGm;avawmh\/ odkYaomf
Bum;rdorQrSmyif vif;vif;rSm tvGefw&m &SufoGm;rdawmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif wD;wdk; a&Gwfvdkufrdawmh\/
]]ig .. ig .. a&SYqufjyD; em;axmifvdkY jzpfr,frxifawmhbl;? a&SYqdk&if onfhxufydkjyD;awmif
&Sufp&maumif;vdrfhOD;r,f? 'Dawmh 'Dae&muae tckae jyefvSnfhrSyJ ...}}
xdkYaBumifh olronf olr\ajcvSrf;udk aemufodkYqkwf&ef [efjyifvdkufrd\/
odkYaomf... vifrdefusuf\ pl;&Sus,favmifpGm atmif[pfvdkufoHaBumifh olr\ajcvSrf;rsm; wHkYceJ
&yfoGm;avawmh\/
]]oGm; ... oGm; ... ighem;ruyfeJY ... }}
vif;vif;rSm vGefpGm xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/
tb,faBumifh odkY jzpfoGm;&oenf;/ apmapmu
ESpfa,mufom; BunfBunfomom ajymaeBuao;onf/ ,ckawmh apmapmuvdk r[kwfawmh/ vif;vif;onf
wtHhwBo a&Gwfvdkufrd\/
]]'gu b,fvdkjzpfoGm;&wmvJ ... }}
xdkpOf vdefvde\
f idkoHudk Bum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ vifrdefusufu xyfrHatmf[pfaeao;\/
]]oGm; ... oGm; .. igeJY a0;a0;udk oGm;prf;yg? ighem;udk vHk;0ruyfygeJY ... }}
]]&Sif .. &Sif .. bmjzpfvdkY uRefrudkbmjzpfvdkY 'Davmufawmif GHU&Smae&wmvJ[if? uRefrrSm bmtjypf&SdvdkYvJ?
uRefru bmrsm;trSm; vkyfcJhrdvdkYvJ .... }}
]]ig ... ig ... }}
vifrdefusufonf xdkpum;wpfvHk;rSvGJ a&SYquf rajymEkdifawmhacs/
vdefvdefu ....
]]&SifhpdwfxJrSm bmawG&SdaeovJ? &SifhpdwfxJrSm &SdwmawGudk tm;vHk;zGifhajymprf;yg? uRefrrSm bmtrSm;awG
&SdaeovJ? uRefrrSm&SdwJh trSm;awGudk &SifhtaeeJY cGifhrvTwfEdkifbl;qdk&if &Sifha&SYrSm uRefru udk,fhudk,fudk
owfaojyvdkufr,f...}}
olronf ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh olr\"m;udk] Trf;}ceJ qGJxkwfvdkuf\/ xdktcg vifrdeu
f sufu ...
]]vdefvdef ... ig .. ig.. }}
]]ajymav .. &Sifajymyg? bmajymrvdkYvJ ...}}
vifrdefusufonf oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufcsvdkufum ...
]]wu,fhwu,fawmh rif;&JUtrSm; r[kwfygbl;? igh&JY trSm;yg? ightrSm;yg ... }}
vdefvdefurl wHIHYHIYjzifh idkaeqJyif/ vifrdefusufu ...
]]aumif;jyDav ... taBumif;pHk &Sif;rjyao;orQawmh rif;vnf; oabmaygufrSm r[kwfbl;? 'Dawmh rif;udk
taBumif;pHk&Sif;jyygawmhr,f ...}}
vdefvdefonf csufcsif;vdkvdkyif tidk&yfoGm;awmh\/ vifrdefusuf\ pum;rsm;u xl;jcm;vSonf
r[kwfygvm;/ olr rodao;aom taBumif;t&mrsm;udk od&awmhrnf r[kwfygvm;/
vifrdefusufu pwif ...
]]igh&JYtab; vifG,fwl .... [m tpwkef;u bkef;BuD;yJ? olu tifrwefxufjrufwJh "m;odkif;ynmwpfckudk
wwfajrmufxm;w,f? olu tJ'D"m;odkif;udk oCFef;pwpfckay:rSm a&;xm;w,f? 'gayr,fh olu aoaocsmcsm
owday; a&;om;xm;ao;w,f? 'D"m;odkif;[m odyfxl;qef;jyD; tifrwefvnf; &ufpufowJh? avhusifhwJhvl[m
om;ajr;ysufokOf;oGm;&vdrfhr,fwJh? 'gaBumifh 'Dodkif;udk bkef;BuD;awGyJ avhusifhoifhw,fwJh? omrefvlawG
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1022
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ravhusifhoifhbl;wJh ... }}
vdefvdefu ...
]][if ... &SifhOpmu r[kwfao;ygbl;? 'gjzifh&if &Sifhtab;vifG,fwlu 'D"m;odkif;udk avhusifhvsufom;eJY
bmjzpfvdkY om;ajr;awG &Sdae&wmvJ...}}
]]'gu 'Dvdkyg? ightab;[m bkef;BuD;r0wfcif uwnf;u om;r,m;&Sdxm;vdkYyg? aemufrS bkef;BuD;0wfwm?
aemufawmhrS vl0wfjyefvJwm ...}}
]]uRefr ar;yg&apOD;? 'D"m;odkif;udk omrefvlawG avhusifh&if bmjzpfvdkY 'kua&mufr,fvdkY ajym&wmvJ ...}}
vifrdefusufonf oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum ...
]]ig'D"m;odkif;udk awGYwJhtcsdefwkef;u rif;eJY vufxyfcgeD;aejyD? tpwkef;u ighpdwful;u wpfrsdK;yg?
rif;eJYvufxyfjyD;rS vifr,m;t&majrmufjyD;rS 'D"m;odkif;udk avhusifhr,fvdkY pdwful; qHk;jzwfxm;w,f? 'gayr,fh
'D"m;odkif;pmtkyfxJu odkif;uGufawGudk jrifvdkuf&awmh ravhusifb
h J raeEdkifawmhbl;? 'geJY aemufqHk;awmh
igvnf; udk,fhudk,fudk oif;uGyfvdkufjyD; 'D"m;odkif;udk avhusifhrdawmhwmyJ ...}}
vdefvdefrSm tvefYwBum; atmfvdkufrdawmh\/
]]bk&m;a& .. &Sif ... &Sif .. oif; .. oif;uGyfvdkufw,f[kwfvm; .... }}
]][kwfw,f? oif;uGyfvdkufw,f? 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;rSm a&;xm;wJh yxrpmaBumif;u 'D"m;odkif;usrf;
udk avhusifhwJhvl[m udk,fhudk,fudk yxrqHk; oif;uGyf&r,fvdkY txift&Sm;a&;xm;w,f ...}}
]]'g ... 'gu bmjzpfvdkYvJ[if? 'DvdkrS rvkyf&if 'D"m;odkif;udk avhusifhvdkY r&vdkYvm; ...}}
vdefvdef\toHrSm wdk;nif;vS\/
]][ifhtif; .. r&bl;? 'D"m;odkif;u onfhjyif"m;odkif;eJY rwlbl;? enf;enf;xl;qef;w,f? 'D"m;odki;f udk
avhusifhjyDqdk&if twGif;tm;usifhpOfudk pjyD;usifh&w,f? wu,fvdkY oif;uGyfrxm;&if twGif;tm;usifh&if;eJY
wPSmpdwfawG xBuGvmjyD; aemufqHk;avjzwfwwfw,f ...}}
]]aBomf ... vwfpowfawmh 'Dvdkudk; ....}}
olr\toHrSm kwfw&uf rBum;Edkifavmufatmif wdk;oGm;ojzifh vif;vif;rSm tawmfuav; em;pdkuf
axmifvdkuf&\/
olYpdwfxJwGifvnf; vifrdefusufwdkY\ Zmwfvrf;udk ,ckrS oabmaygufvmojzifh vdefvdefenf;wl
]vufpowfawmh 'Dvdkudk;} [kyif a&Gwfvdkufrdjyef\/ xdkYjyif olru vdefvdefYxuf ydkoabmaygufcJhonf/
tb,faBumifhqdkaomf odkif;avmuwGif t&Sdeft0gBuD;vGef;vSaom wHk;zef;ykuJhodkYaom t&ifhtrm
xdyfoD;odkif;orm;BuD;yif aemufqHk; Zmxdk;yef;xdk; tvkyfudkvkyfvsuf &efvifhvdka,mufsm; rsdK;udkyif tpGJBuD;
pGJcJhonf r[kwfygvm;/
"m;odkif;udk avhusifhrdaom a,musfm;rsm;rSm udk,fhudk,fudk oif;uGyfvdkuf&jyD; aemufqHk; a,musfm;rus
rdef;r rus eykvid fb0odkY a&muf&SdoGm;Bujcif;yif jzpfavawmh onfwum;/
xdktcg vdefvdefonf wpfcsufdIufvdkufum ...
]]'D ... 'Dvdkqdk&if uRef ... uRefrtazvnf; &Sifh .. &Sifhvdk jzpfoGm;jyDaygh [kwfvm; ...}}
]][kwfw,f ... 'D"m;odkif;udk avhusifhcsifwJh vlawGtzdkY 'Dudp[m rvGJraoG vkyf&r,fhudpBuD;yJ? rif;tar
tzdkYawmh enf;enf;*Gusaew,f? rif;tazu *dkPf;csKyfBuD;qdkawmh tckvdk oif;uGyfxm;w,fqdkwJh owif;om
aygufBum;oGm;&if odkif;avmuBuD;wpfckv;Hk u olYudk &,fBuawmhrSmaygh ...}}
vifrdefusufonf ceJYNyHK; NyKH;&if; qufajymae\/
]]'gaBumifhrdkY ol oif;uGyfxm;w,fqdkwJh owif;udk b,folrS rBum;atmif oluydwfqdkYxm;zdkY BudK;pm;w,f?
'D"g;odkif;udk igavhusifhjyDqdkwm odwmeJY ighudkowfrSm taotcsmyJ? olwdkYu rif;udk igu rif;tay: b,fvdk
qufqHovJqdkwm cPcPar;wm taBumif;rJhr[kwfbl; ...}}
]]tJ'geJY b,fvdkqufoG,faevdkYvJ? uRefrawmh bmrSem;rvnfawmhbl; ..}}
]]&Sif;&Sif;uav;yg? ig oif;uGyfjyD;rjyD; odcsifvdkYaygh? igoif;uGyfjyD;jyDqdk&if rif;eJY vifr,m;cef;ajrmuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1023
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
atmif b,faeEdkifawmhrvJ? tckawmh rif;u ... igeJY vifcef;r,m;cef; ajrmufoa,mif umuG,fjyD;

ajymxm;awmh olwdkYpdwfxJrSm igoif;uGyfrxm;ao;bl;? 'D"m;odkif; ravhusifhao;bl;vdkY ,lqaeBuwmaygh/
rif;om tJ'Dwkef;u trSeftwdkif; ajymvdkuf&if ckcsdefxd ightzdkY vlYavmuBuD;xJrSm touf&SifaeEdkifrSm
r[kwfawmhb;l ...}}
]]tck &SifwGufxm;wJhtwdkif;qdk&if
&Dcsef;eJY rkaumif;zkef;wdkYudk bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;eJY owfvdkufjyDqw
dk Jh
taBumif;rBumcif odoGm;awmhrSmyJ? 'Dvdkqdk&if &Sifhudk rkcsowfvdrfhr,f? 'Dvdkqdk &Sif rkcsaovdrfhr,f? uRefrwdkY
'DvdktowfcHvdkY rjzpfbl;? uRefrtaz&JY tE&m,fu vGwfuif;r,fh wpfae&mudk oGm;ykef;rSjzpfawmhr,f}}
]]bm ... rif; ... rif;u ightaBumif; tm;vHk;odoGm;&JUeJYawmif ighaemufukd vdkufOD;r,f [kwfvm; .. }}
]]'gaygh .. vdkufr,f? b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf uRefruawmh vHk;0pdwfrajymif;bl; ... &Sif b,foGm;oGm;
uRefruawmh vdkufrSmyJ? uRefru &Sifhudk pGefYcGmoGm;&if &SifhrSm b,favmuf'kua&mufvdkufrvJ? b,favmuf
txD;usefjzpfoGm;rvJ? &Sifhb0u 'Davmuf oem;p&maumif;aewm uRefru &Sifhudk pGefYcGmoGm;&rSmvm; .. }}
vdefvdef\pum;rS rqHk;ao;rD wpfcsufrQ atmfoHBum;vdkuf&jyD; vdefvdefrSm jrif;vSnf;atmufudk
a&mufoGm;onfudk awGYvdkuf&awmh\/ {uE vifrdefusufu wGef;csvdkufjcif;om jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
xdkpOf vifrdefusuf\ a'gowBuD; atmf[pfvdkufoHudk Bum;vdkuf&onf/
]]rif;u ighudk oem;aep&m rvdkbl; ..}}
xdkrQESifh &yfroGm;acs/ olu quf atmf[pfaeayao;onf/
]][if; ... rif;u ighudk b,fvdkow0grsm; atmufarhaevdkYvJ? ighrsufpd jyefaumif;oGm;wJh wpfaeYrSm
]vifrdefusuf} qdkwJhaumif[m odkif;avmuBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tkyfcsKyfr,fqdkwm jrJjrJrSwfxm;? bmvJ &ufykcRef?
bmvJ vifh[lcsHK;? a&Smifvif*dkPf;u zefwif; bkef;BuD;wdkY [lwef;*dkPf;u csHK;dI;&aohBuD;wdkY qdkwmawG[m
wpfaeYus&if ighajcaxmufatmufrSm jym;jym;0yfae&r,f? [if; ... [if; ... ighudk bmrsm;atmufarhaeovJuG
..}}
vif;vif;rSm vifrdefusuf\ pum;udk Bum;vdkuf&aomtcg pdwfxJ a'gowzsif;zsif; xGufvmawmh\/
]][if; ... rif;&JYrsufpdu aumif;EdkifygOD;rvm;/ 'Dvdkpdwfqdk;pdwf,kwfawG arG;ae&if rif;[m 'Dxufawmif
'kua&muf&vdrfhOD;r,f ... }} [k pdwfxJrS ajymvdkufrdawmh\/
olronf tpyxru vifrdefusuftm; oem;rdao;onf/ oem;p&maumif;avmufonfh b0yif r[kwfyg
vm;/ ,ck olYZeD;udk rQ &ufpufpGm qufqHjyD; rQavmuf aoG;l;aoG;wef; armufrmonfudk
Bum;odvdkuf&aomtcg tpyxru Buifemoem;pdwfrsm;onf BuufajymufiSufaysmuf aysmufukefawmh\/
vdefvdefurl olYtm; odkYqufqHvdkufonfudk pdwfqdk;[efrwlay/ olronf oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsuf
csum onf;cHpdwftjynfht0jzifh at;aq;oufompGm ajymvdkufavonf/
]]tck avmavmq,f ae&mwpfae&m&SmjyD; ykef;vdkufygOD;? 'Pf&m'PfcsufawG aysmuftmif ukvdkuyf gOD; ..}}
]]rif;u ylraeprf;ygeJY? ighrSm rif;tazudk &ifqdkifzdkYenf;vrf;&Sdygw,f .. }}
]]'Dudpu Bum;raumif;wJh udpBuD;yJ? &Sifu b,fvdkumuG,frSmvJ .. }}
vifrdefusufonf ceJYjyHK; jyHK;um ...
]][if; .. [if; .. [if; .. rif;u rif;taz taBumif;bmrS odwmr[kwfbl;? igu rif;taz&JY taBumif;
rif;xuf ydkodygw,f? rif;u igh&JY umuG,fa&;enf;vrf;udk odcsifw,f[kwfvm;? 'Denf;vrf;u vG,fvG,f
uav;yg? reufzef vlawG pawGYwmeJY rif;taz oif;uGyfxm;w,fqdkwJh taBumif; avQmufajymvdkufrSmyJ}}
]]bm ... b,fvdk .. &Sif ... &Sif ..}}
]]bmjzpfwmvJ? 'gu ightoufudk umuG,fwJhenf;yJ? ightzdkY 'Dwpfenf;yJ&Sdw,f? igu vlwumudk
avQmufajymaejyDqdkwm rif;tazodoGm;&if ighudk b,fowf&JawmhrvJ? rowf&JwJhtjyif ighudkawmif tzufzuf
u tumtuG,fay;&OD;r,f ..}}
]]&SifajymwmawGudk uRefrawmh wpfckrS em;rvnfbl; ... }}
]][m; .. [m; ... [m; .. 'gu &Sif;&Sif;av;yJ? bmrSrIyfbl;? rif;taz ... oif;uGyfxm;wm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1024
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[kwfr[kwfqdkwm kwfw&ufBunfhvdkY b,fodEdkifrvJ? rkwfqdwfarG;awG uRwfusvmwmuawmh rSefw,f?

'gayr,fh rkwfqdwfarG; twkwyfvdkY&w,f? tJ ... igom jAKef;ceJ kwfw&uf aooGm;&ifawmh odkif;avmu
om;awGu &ufykcRef ighudk EIwfydwfjyD; owfvdkufwmvdkY ajymBurSmyJ? ol wu,foif;uGyx
f m;vdkYom ighudk
EIwfydwfwmvdkY vlawGu ,lqoGm;BuawmhrSmaygh? ighenf;vrf;u [efrusbl;vm; .. }}
vdefvdefrSm oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufudkom csvdkufrdawmh\/ vifrdefusuf ajymouJhodkYyif ol\
enf;vrf;rSm wu,fyif aumif;vSonf/ okdYaomf olrzcif\ odumurl vHk;0tzwfq,f r&atmif
usoGm;ayawmhonf/
vifrdefusufu qufvuf ...
]]tckawmh tm;vHk;udk igoabmaygufoGm;jyD? [dkwpfcsdefwkef;u vifh[lcsHK;u ightaz&JY pum;udk ighudk
jyefajymwkef;u 'Dypnf;udk vHk;0vSefrBunfh&bl;vdkY ygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u iguawmif olYudk txifvGJcJhao;w,f?
wu,fawmh vifh[lcsHK;ajymwmu ightazrSmcJhwJhtwdkif; tpOftquf rSmBum;cJhwJh pum;yJ? igu tJ'Dpum;
em;raxmifchv
J dk 'DaeY 'DvdkjzpfcJh&wm? 'gayr,fh igaemifwr&ygbl;? ighrdbawG&JY &efaBuG;udk igay;qyfEdkifcJhjyD?
'g[m ighb0rSm ta&;BuD;qHk; tcsufyJ? aemufydkif; bmjzpfjzpf ightwGuf ta&;rBuD;awmhbl; ...}}
vdefvdefonf oufjyif;csvdkufjyD; ...
]]tif; ... [dkwpfcsdefwkef;u uRefreJY uRefrtazuvnf; tpfudkBuD;udk txifvGJcJhw,f? tpfudkBuD;u &Sifh&JY
ypnf;awGudk tydkifpD;csifvdkY 'Dpum;rsdK;ajymwmvdkYyJ xifcJhrdw,f? &Sifhtaz rSmcdkif;wJh pum;udku tpfudkBuD;tay:
txifvGJapavmufwJh pum;rsdK; jzpfewmudk;? a[m'DavmuBuD;xJrSm tpfudkBuD;udk em;vnfwJh vluawmh
wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdw,f? tJ'Dvluawmh uRefr&JUtaryJ ...}}
vifrdefusufonf ceJYjyHK; jyHK;um ...
]][kwfw,f ... 'guawmh igvufcHw,f? rif;tar[m vifh[lcsHK;udk wu,f oHa,mZOf&Sdwm? olYtwGufeJY
rif;tazeJY cPcP pum;rsm;Bu&w,f ...}}
vdefvdefonf wtHwBojzifh ...
]]uRefr&JY tazeJY tarwdkYu tpfudkBuD;twGufeJY cPcP pum;rsm;Buw,f? &Sif b,fvdkvkyfjyD; odovJ?
&Sif bmawG Bum;vdkYvJ? uRefrawmif rodygvm; ...}}
]]rif; b,fodEdkifrvJ? olwdkYu vla&SYola&SYqdk&if [efaqmifaeBuwm? vluG,f&musrS pum;rsm;Buwm?
igudk,fwdkif em;eJYqwfqwfBum;cJh&wmyJ ..}}
]]uRefru r,HkvdkYr[kwfygbl;? tHhBoaewmyg? &Sif Bum;cJhw,fqdkwm tHhBoaewmyg? orD;jzpfwhJ uRefr
awmif rBum;bJeJY &Sifu b,fES,fBum;cJh&wmvJ? 'gudk uRefru tHhBowmyg ..}}
]]at; .. tck igu 'DtaBumif;awG jyefajymjy&if ta&;rBuD;awmhbl;? [dkaeYu zkusdK;jrdkYrSm bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;
vk,loGm;awmh vifh[lcsHK;u jyefvkvmw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Pf&mawG tBuD;tus,f &vmawmh arhvJoGm;w,f? ig
olYudk,fay:rSm &SmBunfhawmh bmrS rawGY&bl;? ouFef;peJY wlwmqdkvdkY t0wfpkwf wpfpawmif rawGY&awmhbl;
...}}
]]vufpowfawmh &Sifu tJ'Dwkef;u tpfudkBuD;&JY udk,fay:rSm &SmjyD;cJhjyD;udk; ..}}
]][kwfw,f ... tJ'g bmjzpfovJ ...}}
vif;vif;rSm em;axmifae&if; pdwfxJrS wD;wdk;ajymvdkufrdonf/
]]tif; ... vdefvdefYcrsm 'Dvdk twGif;Budwf BuHpnfwwfwJhvleJY vufxyfrdwm wpfoufvHk; 'kua&mufzdkY
jzpfawmhwmyJ...}}
xdkpOf vifrdefusuf quf ...
]]tJ'Dvdk ... &SmBunfhvdkufvdkY tajzu &Sif;oGm;wmaygh? [kdouFef;p[m vifh[lcsHK;&JY udk,fay:rSm r&Sd&if
rif;&JYrdbawGqDrSm &Sd&rSm rkcsyJ? rif;tazu [efaqmifaumif;wJh ae&mrSmawmh ESpfa,mufawmifr&Sdbl;?
wu,fhudk okyfaqmifaumif;wJh vlyJ? tJ'Dawmh igu rif;taz ,lvdrfhr,fvdkY b,fvdkrS rawG;rdcJhbl;? 'gayr,fh
...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1025
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifrdefusufonf ol\pum;udk acw&yfvku

d fojzifh vdefvdefrSm odcsifpdwfrsm;aBumifh pdwfxJ rcsifhr&JBuD;
jzpfoGm;&avawmh\/ odkYaomf vifrdefusufu csufcsif;vdkvdkyif qufajymvdkufonf/
]]'gayr,fh tJ'Dwkef;u rif;tazu kwfw&uf aeraumif;jzpfoGm;w,f? tJ'D&ufudk rif;rSwfrd&JYvm;?
aemufusawmhrS igodvdkuf&w,f? aeraumif;jzpfoGm;rSmaygh? udk,fhudk,fudk oif;uGyfvdkufwmudk;? 0gqef;*dkPf;
udk a&mufawmh rif;wdkY&JY tazeJYtar&JY tdyfcef;tjyifbufuae nwdkif;nwdkif; igacsmif;em;axmifw,f? ig
acsmif;em;axmifwmu taBumif;&Sdygw,f? bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyf b,folvufxJ &Sdw,fqdkwm odcsifvdkY
tckvdk acsmif;em;axmif&wmyg ...}}
]]uRefruawmh tHhBovkdYudk rqHk;bl;? tazeJY tarwdkYtdyfwJhtdyfcef;u acsmufurf;yg;BuD;eJY uyfaewmyJ?
b,fvdkvkyfjyD; acsmif;jyD; em;axmifEdkifrvJ? toufeJY&if;jyD; acsmif;em;axmif&r,fh tvkyfyJ? &SifajymyHkqdk&if
tJ'Dacsmufurf;yg;ab;rSm oGm;jyD;em;axmifwmaygh? [kwfvm; ...}}
]][kwfw,f? igu oufpGefYqHzsm;oGm;jyD; acsmif;em;axmifcJh&wm? em;axmifwmrS wpf&ufESpf&ufavmuf
oGm;em;axmifwm r[kwfbl;? aeYwdkif;aeYwkdif;udk em;axmifcJhwm ...}}
vdefvdefonf vifrdefusuf\ pum;rsm;udk em;axmifjyD; oufjyif;&SnfBuD;udk csvdkufrdawmh\/
vifrdefusufu olYpum;udk qufajymonf/
]]ig nwdkif; nwdkif; em;axmifwm bmrSxl;xl;jcm;jcm; rBum;&awmh pdwfawmifysufcsifcsif jzpfvmw,f
... 'gayr,fh pdwfudkwif;jyD; ZGJeyJeJU em;axmifcJhw,f? tJ'Dvdk em;axmifcJhwJhtwGuf tusdK;rJh rjzpfcJhbl;?
wpfvausmfausmfBumwJhtcg nwpfnrSm rif;tar&JY pum;ajymoHudk Bum;vdkuf&w,f? ]tpfudkBuD; tck
wpfavm tpfudkBuD;&JY trlt&mu wpfrsdK;jzpfaew,f? rkd;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif;udk tjyif;txefavhusifhvdkY
wpfckckjzpfoGm;wmrsm;vm; ...} wJh ...}}
vdefvdefu tarmwaum ar;vdkufonf/
]]tazu bmjyefajymovJ[if ...}}
vifrdefusufonf oa&mfjyHK; jyHK; qufajym\/
]]rif;tazu jyefajymw,f? rkd;BudK;twGif;tm;odkif; avhusifhwm tm;vHk; tqifajyygw,f? bmrS rjzpfyg
bl;} wJh? 'Dawmh rif;taru ]tpfudkBuD; uRefrudk rzHk;uG,fygeJY? tckwavm tpfudkBuD;&JYtoHawGawmif
ajymif;aew,f? pl;wl;wl; &SwweJY rdef;uav;oHeJY wlaew,f....} wJY? rif;tazu jyefjiif;wmyJ? ] r[kwfwm
igpum;ajymwJh toHu e*dkuwnf;u 'Dtwdkif;yJ} wJh ...}}
vdefvdefurl pd;k &drfpdwfBuD;pGmjzifh em;axmifaerdonf/ vifrdefusufu ...
]]tJ'Dwkef;u igvnf; pdwfxJrSm wpfrsdK;BuD;jzpfoGm;wmeJY rif;tazajymwJh pum;oHudk aoaocsmcsm
*&kpdkufjyD; em;axmifBunfhrdw,f? rif;tarajymwm[m rrSm;bl;? rif;taz&JY toHu pl;wl;wl; &SwweJY
rdef;rwpfa,muf&JY toHrsdK;jzpfaew,f ...}}
vdefvdefrSm rnfonfhpum;udkrQ jyef ar;cGef;rxkwfEdkifawmhacs/ vifrdefusufu ol\pum;udk xyfquf
onf/
]]rif;taru ar;w,f? ]tpfudkBuD;rSm bmrajz&Sif;EdkifwJh jyemrsm; &SdaeovJ? uRefrwdkY aygif;vmwm
b,favmufBumjyDvJ? zGifhajymp&m&Sd zGifhajymyg? bmawG tcuftcJ &SdaeovJ} wJh? tJ'Dawmh rif;tazu
]usdvifxefu *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;zdkY BudK;pm;aew,f? igu tJ'DudptwGuf pdwfylaewm ...} vkdY
jyefajymw,f ..}}
vifrdefusufu olYvufxJudkif;xm;aom jrif;ZufBudK;udk a&SYem;wGif&Sdaeaom wdkifwpfck vufjzifhprf;&if;
csnfvdkuf\/ jyD;rS...
]]rif;taru ajymw,f? uRefrxifwmuawmh 'DtwGufaBumifh r[kwfbl;vdkY xifaewmyJ} vdkY ajymw,f?
tJ'Dawmh rif;tazu tawmfuav; a'goxGufvmw,f? olu ]rif;[mawmifawG; ajrmufawG; avQmufawG;
aewmyJ} vdkY aigufvdkufw,f? rif;taruawmh pdwfqdk;yHkr&ygbl; ...}}
]]pdwfrqdk;wJt
h jyif xyfajymvdkufao;w,f? ]uRefrajymp&m&Sdw,f? uRefr ajymvdkuf&if tpfudkBuD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1026
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pdwfrqdk;&bl;aemf} wJh? rif;tazu a'goeJYjyefar;w,f? ]bmajymrvdkYvJ? ajymp&m&Sd&if ajymwJh ..}}

]]'Dawmh rif;taru ]tpfudkBuD;u vifh[lcsHK;udk tjypfwifwm rSm;aew,f} vdkY ajymw,f? rif;tazu ]bm
.. vifh[lcsHK; [kwfvm;? 'Daumifu raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;csKyf&JY orD;eJYawmif cspfBudKufaewm vlwdkif;odae
Buw,f? igu olYudk tjypfwifwm rSm;Edkifyghrvm;} vdkY ajymw,f ...}}
vif;vif;rSm vifrdefusuf ajymaeaom ZmwfaBumif;wGif rdrdtaBumif; ygvmonfudk Bum;odvdkuf&aom
tcg rsufpdrsufEmS ysuf &SufaoG;wufoGm;rdawmh\/ odkYaomf &ifxJuawmh auseyfom,mae\/ xdkpOf
vifrdefusufu qufajymonf/
]]rif; taru ajymw,f? ]'geJYywfoufjyD; ajymwmr[kwfygbl;? uRefrajymwmu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;usrf;eJY
ywfoufjyD; ajymwmyg} vdkY ajymawmh rif;&JYtazu ]bDvl;rD; "m;odkif;usrf;vnf; olyJ cdk;wmyJ? olY&JY
"m;odkif;ynm wdk;wufvmwm b,favmufjrefovJ? ighxufawmif ydkawmfao;w,f? rif;udk,fawGY rsufjrifyJ}
vdkY ajymw,f ...}}
vdefvdefonf vifrdefusufpum;rsm;u olYem;xJrS vQHusaeouJhodkY cHpm;ae&onf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap
pum;t"dym,fudkrl uGJuGJjym;jym; oabmaygufonfuawmh trSefyif/
]]rif;taru ]ol ... "g;odkif;awmfvmwm onfhjyiftaBumif;wpfckckaBumifh wdk;wufvmwmyg? ol
bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udkawmh cdk;,lrSm r[kwfygbl;? vifh[lcsHK;rSm aysmfwwf yg;wwfwJh ADZuav; &Sdaeawmh
uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf&JY pum;udk em;raxmifwJh tavhtusifhuav; &Sdw,f ...}}
]]'gayr,fh ol[m i,fi,fuav;xJu oabmxm;BuD;w,f? yGifhvif;w,f? b,fawmhrS cdk;aBumifcdk;0Suf
rvkyfwwfbl;? aemufydkif;rSm vdefvdefu olYudk pGefYcGmvdkufawmh tawmfuav; pdwfraumif;jzpfoGm;yHk&w,f?
olvdkvlrsdK;u 'DbDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk b,fawmhrS cdk;rSmr[kwfbl;? aemufydkif; tajctaeawGt&qdk&if
vifrdefusufu 'DbDvl;rD;"g;odkif;usrf;udk vufESpfzufeJY cc,, ay;wmawmif vifh[lcsHK; vufcHrSmr[kwfb;l
...}}
vif;vif;onf zl;vif\pum;rsm;udk Bum;vkduf&aomtcg BuD;pGmaom 0rf;omauseyfrIudk cHpm;vdkuf
&onf/
tu,frsm; wwfEdkifvQif zl;vif&Sd&modkY ajy;oGm;jyD; zl;vifudk aus;Zl;wifpum; ajymvdkufcsifonf/
vdefvdefu apmapmu ajymcJh\/ tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsHK;tm; em;vnfolrSm avmuBuD;wGif olYtar
wpfa,mufom &Sdonf[laom pum;udk vif;vif; ausauseyfeyf vufcHrdavjyD/
xdkpOf vifrdefusufu ...
]]tJ'DtcgrSm rif;&JYtazu a'goxGufovdk jzpfvmjyD; ][ifh} ceJY avSmif&,f &,fw,f? aemufjyD; olu
]rif;qdkvdkwmu vifh[lcsHK;[m bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;pmtkyfudk rcdk;bl;aygh} vdkY ar;w,f? rif;taru ]'guawmh
tpfudkBuD;todqHk;ygyJ} vdkY ajymw,f ...}}
vifrdefusufonf qufwdkufvdkvdk ajymvdkuf&ojzifh armoGm;[efjzifh acw&yfvdkufonf/ vdefvdefu
vifrdefusuf\pum;rsm;onf vHk;0 trSefw&m;rsm;om jzpfaBumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; odae\/ vifrdefusuf
ajymoGm;yHkrsm;wGif yg0ifaom olYrdcif\ at;aq;wnfjidrfy?Hk ADZobm0rsm;onf olr odxm;aom olYrdcif\
ADZobm0rsm;yif jzpfawmh\/ vdefvdefonf ausmufkyfBuD;wpfkyfES,f wHkPdSbma0 qdwfqdwfae&mrS pum;
wpfcGef;udk ar;vdkuf\/
]]taru tJ'Dvkad jymawmh tazu bmjyefajymvdkufovJ}}
vifrdefusufu ...
]]bmjyefajym&rvJ? tl;wpfa,muf atmfovdk jyefatmfwmaygh? ]igb,fhES,fvdkY od&rSmvJ? igu bmaBumifh
od&rSmvJ} vdkY xyfwvJvJ atmfaeawmhwmyJ ...}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1027
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
opmrJhjcif;
vifrdefusuf\toHrSm wjznf;jznf; jrifhwufvm\/
wdwfqdwf jidrfoufaeonfh ntcsdefwGif a,mufsm;rus rdef;rrus jzpfaeaom ol\ pl;pl;&S&StoHrSm
vGefpGm aBumufrufzG,f&m aumif;aeawmhonf/ vifrdefusufonf twefBum jidrfoufoGm;jyD;rS quf
ajymjyefonf/
]]rif;taruawmh wnfwnfjidrjf idrfygyJ? olqufajymvdkufwJhpum;u ESif;awmifBuD; jydKusvmovdyk J?
]uRefr odygw,f? 'DbDvl;rD; "m;odkif;usrf;BuD;udk tpfudkBuD; ,lxm;wmyg} vdkY ajymvdkufw,f ..}}
vif;vif;onf vdefvdef\rdcif zl;vif\pdwf"mwfudk vGefpGmcsD;usL;rd\/ trSefw&m;udk wu,f zufwG,f
xm;olaywnf;/ xdktaBumif;rsm;aBumifhyif rdrd\ zcifu wpfcsdefwkef;u csD;usL;cJhjcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
vifrdefusufu ...
]]rif;taz&JY a'gouawmh y'ltHkukd wkwfeJY oGm;qGay;vdkufovdkygyJ? olu atmfvdkufw,f? ]rif; ... rif;
ighudk b,fvdkajym ... ajymw,f} vdkY atmfwmyJ? 'gayr,fh olqufrajymEdkifbJ tJ'DrSmwif &yfoGm;w,f?
rif;taruawmh wnfwnfjidrfjidrfeJYyJ qufjyD; ... ][dkaeYwkef;u vifh[lcsHK; 'Pf&mBuD;eJY arhvJusvdkY uRefrwdkYu
olYudk tcef;xJac:vmjyD; uRefru aq;xnfhay;w,f? tJ'Dwkef;u olYtdwfxJrSm oCFef;pwpfckawGYw,f?
tJ'DouFef;ay:rSm pmawGa&;xm;wmudkvnf; awGY&w,f? uRefru olYudk 'kwd,tBudrf aq;xnfhay;wJh
tcsdefusawmh tJ'DoCFef;pudk rawGY&awmhbl;? tJ'Dwkef;u vifh[lcsHK;u vHk;0 owdr&ao;bl; ...}}
]]aemufjyD; ... vifh[lcsHK; 'Dtcef;xJrSm &Sdaewmudk tpfudkBuD;eJY uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufuvGJvdkY wjcm;b,folrS
'Dtcef;xJ r0ifao;bl;? 'DouFef;pudk uRefrvnf; r,lbl;? 'Dawmh b,fol ,lEdkifOD;rvJ} vdkY
wdwdususajymw,f.}}
vif;vif;onf olwdkY 0gqef;*dkPf;\ twGif;a&;rsm;udk em;axmifvdkol r[kwfacs/ olr\ tonf;ESvHk;rsm;
yHktyfxm;onfh vifh[lcsHK;ESifh ywfoufaeom em;axmifae&jcif; jzpfonf/
vifrdefusufu ...
]]rif;taru tJ'DvdkyJ pGyfpGJvdkufa&m? rif;tazu jyefajymzdkY yg;pyf[ vdkufw,f? 'gayr,fh bmpum;rS
xGufrvmbl;? rif;tar&JY toHu xl;xl;jcm;jcm; nifnifomom jzpfoGm;w,f? ]tpfudkBuD; uRefrwdkY
0gqef;*dkPf;&JY odkif;ynmu rnHhvSygbl;? usdvifxefu avmb&rufBuD;vGef;vdkY *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;udk 0g;rsdKzdkY
BudK;pm;aewm ...}}
uRefrwdkYuom usefwJhoHk;*dkPf;eJY yl;aygif;jyD; usdvifxefudk wdkufcdkuf&if uRefrwdkYu EdkifEdkifygw,f?
wu,fvdkY rEdkifbJeJY &J&JawmufwdkufckdufjyD; usqHk;oGm;&ifvnf; wrvGefb0u q&morm;awGudkvnf;
aoGmrSm rsufESmjy&Jwmaygh} vdkY ajymw,f? rif;&JY taruawmh wu,fhudk owd&SdwJhrdef;rygyJ ..}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1028
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;rSmvnf; vifrdefusuf enf;wlyif zl;vif\ owdudk csD;usL;rd\/

vifrdefusufu quf ...
]]rif;tazu bmajymovJqdkawmh ]igwkdY aowmu ta&;rMuD;bl;/ igwdkY&JU vufxJrSm 0gqef;*dkPf;
ysufjyKef;oGm;rSmudkawmh igb,fvkdrS rMunfhEdkifbl;}}
]]'DrSm rif;taru oufjyif;wpfcsufcsjyD;awm h... ]uRefrwdkY *dkPf;twGuf tpfudkMuD; MudK;pm;wmudk uRefr
tjypfqdkaewm r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayr,fh [dkbDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk avhusifhwmuawmh tusKd;r&Sdygbl;/ tusKd;
,kwfzdkYyJ &Sdw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh tusKd;eJYtaMumif; qufpyf pOf;pm; vdkufHkeJY odEkdifwmyJ/ vifrdefusuf&JU
rdbawG[m 'Davmuf tpGrf; xufwJh "m;odkif;udk ravhusifhyJeJY olrsm;tEkdifusifhwmudk bmjzpfvdkY iHkYcHaeovJ/
'D"g;odkif;udk olwkdY ravhusifhwm bmudkjyaeovJ/ 'D"m;odkif;rSm tusKd;xuf tjypfu ydkrsm;aevdkYaygh/
tpfudkMuD; 'D"m;okdif;udk qufrusifh ygeJYawmhvdkY ajym&Smw,f}}
vdefvdefurl vifrdefusuf a&SUquf ajymrnfh pum;rsm;udkom em;pdkuf axmifaerdonf/ vifrdefusufu
quf
]]rif;tazu a'gowMuD;eJY atmfawmhwmyJ/ ]rif;u b,fvdkvkyfjyD; ig"m;odkif;usifhwmudk od&wmvJ/
avhusifhwmudk rif;u cdk;Munfhw,faygh ... [kwfvm;} rif;taruawmh cyfat;at;yJ/ wkefvIyf acsmufcsm;[ef
r&Sdbl;/ ]tpfudkMuD;&JU toHu wpfaeYwpfjcm; ajymif;ajymif;vmw,f/ aemufjyD; rkwfqdwfarT;awGvJ uRwfusvm
w,f} vdkYajymvkdufw,f}}
vif;vif;pdwfxJwGif wHk;zef;ykudk ajy; jrifa,mifvdkufonf/ &ufykcRefonfvnf; wHk;zef;yk uJhodkYyif
b0ajymif; &ayawmhrnf/
vifrdefusufu quf ajymjyefonf/
]]tJonftcgrSm rif;tazu pl;pl;&S&S atmfawmhwmyJ/ olYtoHxJrSm aMumufvefYrIawG jynfhaew,f/
rif;taru qufajymw,f/ ]tpfukdMuD;rSm rkwfqdwfarT; twkawG wyfxm;w,fqdkwm wjcm;olawG rodayr,fh
uRefruawmh odwmaygh} vdkYajymvkdufwmrSm rif;tazu vHk;0 rjiif;Edkifawmhb;l / olYtaMumif;udk olYrdef;r
tukeftpif odaejyDqdkwmudk tJonfawmhrS olvufcHoGm;yHk&w,f}}
vifrdefusufrmS olYpum;udk acw&yfvkdufjyD; tem;,lvdkufonf/ olajymcJhonfrsm;rSmvnf; &Snfvsm;
rsm;jym; vSjyD r[kwfygvm;/ odkYaomf Zmwfvrf;qHk;atmifawmh quf ajym&ayawmhrnf/
]]rif;tazu awmfawmfuav; MumawmhrS rif;tarudk jyefar;w,f/ wjcm;olawGa&m 'DtaMumif;udk
odovm;wJh/ rif;taru b,folrS rodwJhtaMumif; jyefajzw,f/ rif;tazu qufar;w,f/
]vifrdefusufaum odovm;} wJh}}
]]rif;taru ... ]olvnf; rodygbl;/ uRefr wpfa,mufwnf; odwmyg} vdkY jyefajzw,f/ 'Dawmh
rif;tazu ]aumif;jyD/ 'DaeYupjyD; tJ'D"m;okdif;udk igrusifhawmhbl;/ 'DoCFef;ukdvnf; reufjzefus&if
vifrdefusufudk jyefay;vdkufr,f/ aemufrS vifh[lcsKH;,lwm r[kwfbl;/ ig,lxm;wmvdkY
jznf;jznf;
&Sif;jyvdkufr,f/ b,fES,fh oabm&vJ} vdkY ajymw,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ dk;om;ajzmifhrwfaom pdwfoabmudk em;vnfjyD; jzpfaomfjim; ,ckuJhodkY em;ESifh qwfqwf
Mum;&aomtcg vif;vif;rSm ydk MunfEl;0rf;om oGm;rdawmh\/
vifrdefusufu quf ]]rif;tazu tJovdk ajymvkdufa&m rif;taru odyf0rf;om oGm;w,f/ olu
]'Dvdkqdk&if odyfaumif;wmaygh/ 'gayr,fh 'D"m;odkif;u vlawGudk aumif;aumif; 'kuay;;aewJh "m;odkif;qkdawmh
vifrdefusufudkvnf; jyefay;raeygeJYawmh/ taumif;qHk;u 'DoCFef;pudk zsufqD;vkdufwmygyJ} vdkY ajymvdkuf
w,f/}}
wpfcsdefvHk; vdkvdk jidrfoufaeaom vdefved fu ...
]]{uE ... tazu 'DoCFef;pudk zsufqD; ypfzkdY ESajrmjyD; odrf;xm;wm jzpf&r,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY aemufydkif;
qufusifh rdwmyJ}}
vifrdefusufu ]]rif;&JU tawG;rSm;oGm;jyD/ rif;tazu 'Dpum;vJMum;a&m csufcsif; oabmwljyD;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1029
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
oCFef;udk qGJxkwfvdkufw,f/ igb,favmuf xdwfvefYoGm;w,fqdkwm ajymaezkdY vdkr,frxifbl;/ igwdkY

rsKd;dk;ydkifypnf;udk b,favmufyJ aumif;aumif;? b,favmufyJ qkd;qdk;? b,folrS zsufqD;ydkifcGihf r&Sdbl;}}
vifrdefusufrmS ,ckyif xdwfvefYaeouJo
h dkY toHrsm; wkef,ifvmum ...
]]tJonf tcsdefrSm jywif;aygufwHcg; yGifhvmw,f/ iguvnf; uref;uwef; acsmufurf;yg; tpGefrSm
0yfvkduf&w,f/ tJonfwkef;rSm ]zswf} ueJ toHMum;vdkuf&w,f/ uref;uwef;Munfhawmh rif;tazu
oCFef;udk acsmufMuD;xJ ypfcsvdkufwmudk;/ igvufeJY vSrf;zrf;vdkuw
f ,f/ rrdbl;}}
]]tJonfwkef;u igu rdbawG&JU &efaMuG;udk qyfzdkYyJ pdwful;aecJhwJhvlrdkY toufaorSmudk odyfaMumuf
aewm r[kwfbl;/ oCFef;p qHk;IH;oGm;rSmudk odyfaMumufaewmeJY vufESpfzufeJY acsmufurf;yg;apmif;udk
udkifjyD;awmh ajcaxmufESpfzufudk acsmufurf;yg;xJ qefYxkwfjyD; oCFef;pudk vSrf;zrf;vdkufw,f/ uHaumif;
axmufrjyD;awmh oCFef;p[m ighajcaxmufeJY jidoGm;w,f/ tJovdkeJY oCFef;pudk ig&vdkufwmyJ}}
vifrdefusufu tm;&auseyfpGm ajymaejcif; jzpf\/ vif;vif;vnf; wD;wdk; ajymvdkufrdonf/ ]]at; ...
tJ'D oCFe;f udk r&vdkufwmurS rif;twGuf uHaumif;wm}}
xdkpOf vdefvdeu
f ...
]]tazu oCFef;pudk vTifhypfvdkufawmh taz 'D"m;odkif;ukd qufrusifhawmhbl;vdkY taru xifaewmudk;/
wu,fawmh tazu 'DoCFef;ay:u pmawGudk tvGwfusuf jyD;avmufjyD/ 'DoCFef;udk b,fvdkawmhrvJ/]]
vifrdefusufu oabmwlaMumif; acgif;qwfjyvsuf ...
]]'gayr,hf ... 'gayr,hf awG;p&mwpfcku &Sdaew,f/ 'D&ufydkif;awGrSm igOD;aESmufajcmufrwwf
pOf;pm;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,hf tajzawmh r&cJhbl;/ usdvifxefu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk b,fuaersm; oifvkdufovJ
rodbl;}}
vdefvdefYxHrS tmar#dwfoH xGufvmonf/ vifrdefusufu qufajymonf/
]]usdvifxefwwfwJh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;u a&SU 36 uGufu trSefyJ/ 'gayr,hf aemufydkif; 36 uGufu
yHkysufaew,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY rif;tazeJY wkdufcdkufMuawmh aemufqHk;rSm rIrvS tIH;ay;oGm;&wmyJ/ tJ'D
awmifra&muf ajrmufra&muf bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;MuD;udk ol b,fuaersm; oifvdkufwmvJ rodbl;/ igb,fvdkrS
pOf;pm;r&bl;}}
vifrdefusufonf ajymjyD;onfESifh pOf;pm;ae[efwl\/ olYxHrS pum;oH xyfrH xGufrvmawmhay/
xkdtcsdefwGif vrf;rMuD;zufrS jrif;cGmoHrsm;udk pwifMum;vdkuf&awmhonf/
onfwGif vif[
h lcsKH;twGuf pdwfylojzifh csufcsif;yif vif;vif;onf jrif;vSnf;&Sd&modkY jyefajy;awmhonf/
]]tpfudkMuD; ... vlawGvmaejyD}}
]]vif;vif; ... rif;u olrsm;vifr,m; &nf;pm;pum; ajymwmudk oGm;jyD; acsmif;em;axmifaewmeJY
wlw,f/ rif;oGm;wm MumvSjyD}}
vif;vif;u cspfpzG,f rsufapmif;av; wpfcsuf xdk;vdkuf\/ apmapmwkef;u vdefvdefu vifrdefusuftm;
cspfoufao jyonfhtaejzifh cspfwif;ESD;aESm&ef ajymonfh pum;udk jyefvnf Mum;a,mifrdaomtcg olrrsufESm
wpfckvHk; eDjref;ylxl oGm;awmhonf/
vif;vif;u wk;d nif;pGmjzifh pum;pvdu
k fonf/
]]olwdkYu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; taMumif; ajymaeMuwm}}
xdkpOf jrif;cGmoHrsm;rSm ydk eD;uyfvmojzifh pum;pjywfoGm;Muonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG vdkufvmMujyDeJY wlw,f ... }}
ajym&if;qdk&if;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf jrif;vSnf;ay:rS qif;vdkufjyD; ...
]]vif;vif; ... tpfudkwdkY [dkzufudk wjznf;jznf; csOf;uyf oGm;Mu&atmif? 'grS ulp&m&Sd&ifvnf; vG,fvG,f
ulvdkY&rSm}}
vif;vif;onf vifh[lcsKH;\pdwfudk aumif;pGm od\/ vdefvdefYtwGuf vifh[lcsKH; tvGef ylyefaeayvdrfhrnf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1030
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xkdYtjyif olrudk,fwkdifvnf; tajctaeudk Munfhcsifae\/

odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;rSm 'gPf&m tjyif;txef &xm;oljzpf ajy;vTm;vIyf&mS ;Ekdifrnf r[kwfacs/ vif;vif;u
wHkYqdkif;raeyJ vifh[lcsKH;udk ayGUcsDvdkufjyD; apmapmu olr ykef;0yf acsmif;ajrmif; em;axmifaecJhonfh ae&modkY
ajy;vTm; oGm;vdkufonf/
vif;vif;u rdrdtm; uav;wpfa,mufuo
Jh dkY ayGYcsDoGm;onfudk cHae&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm &,fcsifaerd\/
olYtaejzihf *dkPf;csKyfMuD; wpfa,muf vkyfaejyD;rS ,ckuJhodkY ayGUcsDcHae&onfrSm &,fp&myif r[kwfygvm;/
vif;vif;rSmrl vifh[lcsKH;udk ayGUcsD&if; rsufESmwpfckvHk; &J&JeDaeawmhonf/ vif;vif; &SufwwfrSef; odojzifh
vifh[lcsKH;u olYrsufESmudk jyHK;rxm;yJ wnfwnfxm;um rodcsifa,mif aqmifaeonf/ olYpdwfxJurlum;
MunfEl;aerd\/
vif;vif;onf jrif;vSnf;ESifh reD;ra0; wpfae&mwGif vifh[lcsKH;udk csxm;vdkufjyD; ...
]]tpfudk ... 'Duae xdkifMunfh/ uRefr tajctaeMunfhjyD; olwdkYESpfa,mufudk 0ifulr,f}}
xdkpOf vdefvde\
f toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]&efolawG a&mufvmawmhr,f/ wu,fhudk csif;csef*dkPf;om; awGygvm;}}
vifrdefusufu ...
]]csif;csef*dkPf;om; qdkwm aocsmvm;}}
]]aocsmw,f/ olwdkYu uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf 'gPf&m &xm;w,fqdkwm odaeawmh rD;wkwfawG udkifjyD;
twifh&J&JeJYudk vmMuw,f}}
vifrdefusufonf vdefvdefYxuf pOf;pm;OmPf ydkaumif;aMumif; jyvdkufonf/ csufcsif;yif vdefvdefYtm;
atmfajymvdkuf\/
]]'Dvdkqdk jrif;vSnf;ay:u qif;ayawmh/ 'DacG;aumifawGu igwdkY jrif;vSnf;udk rD;IdUrvdkY vmMuwm}}
vdefvdefuvnf; csufcsif; oabmaygufoGm;jyD; vifrdefusufudk vufqGJ jrufawmxJodkY 0ifajy; ykef;cdkMu
onf/ olwdkY vifr,m;ESpfa,muf ykef;aeaomae&mrSm vifh[lcsKH;wdkY ykef;cdk apmifhMunfhaom ae&mESifh
rvSrf;rurf;yif jzpf\/ vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESpfa,mufrSm wpfa,mufvuf wpfa,muf qkyfudkifxm;Mu&if; vHk;0
pum;rajym&JMuawmhay/
xdkpOf jrif;cGmoHrsm;udk qlnHpGm Mum;vdkuf&jyD; csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm; a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ olwdkYu
jrif;vSnf;udk ywfywfvnf 0dkif;&Hxm;vkdufMuonf/
wpfa,mufu atmfvdkufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf? acG;aumif bmjzpfvkdY tckawmh aMumufae&wmvJ/ xGufcJhprf;/ jrif;vSnf;xJu xGufcJhprf;}}
jrif;vSnf;xJrS rnfonfhtoHudkrQ rMum;&acs/ xdktcg csif;csef*dkPf;om; wpfa,mufu rD;wkwfwpfacsmif;
udk jrif;vSn;f ay: ypfwifvkdufonf/
odkYaomf jrif;vSnf;xJrS vufwpfzuf kwfw&uf xGufay:vmjyD; rD;wkwfudk jyefzrf;um csif;csef*dkPf;om;
tkyfpkxJodkY jyefvnfypfoGif;vdkufonf/ csif;csef*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; wpfjydKufeufwnf; atmf[pf vkdufrdawmhonf/
]]txJrSm acG;aumif &Sdaew,fa[h}}
jrif;vSnf;xJwGif vlwpfa,muf &SdaeaMumif; awGU&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;vif;wdkYrSm vGefpGm
tHhMooGm;&onf/ vSnf;ay:rS vifrdefusufESihf vdefvdefwdkYrSm olwdkYESifh rvSrf;rurf; jrufawmxJodkY
a&mufaeMujyD r[kwfygvm;/
olwdkYenf;wlyif vdefvdefonfvnf; vGefpGm wkefvIyfoGm;awmhonf/ olrESifh vifrdefusufwdkY pum;ajym
aeonfh tcsdef tawmtwGif; jrif;vSnf;twGif;odkY vlwpfa,muf csOf;uyf 0ifa&mufvmonfudk olwdkY vHk;0
rodvdkufacs/
xdkpOf csif;csef*dkPf;om; tm;vHk; nmoHay; ajy;vmMuum "m;udk,fpDjzifh jrif;vSnf;udk t&yf &SpfrsufESmrS
xdk;ckwfwkdufcdkuf Muawmh\/
xkdtcdkuf ]0kef;} ueJ toH wpfcsuf jrnf[nf;oGm;jyD; jrif;vSnf;acgifrdk;ay:rS vlwpfa,muf ckefxGufvm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1031
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
awmhonf/
xdkvlu rsufESmudk yk0gjzifh pnf;aESmifxm;onf/ ckefxGufvmvmcsif; avxJrSmyif olu "m;udk ESpfcsufrQ
a0SU,rf;vkduf&m csif;csef*dkPf;om;ESpfa,muf vJus aoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/ olY"m;csufrSm vsifjrefvS\/
csufcsif;vdkvkdyif aemufxyfESpfa,muf vJusoGm;jyefonf/ csif;csef*kP
d f;om;wdkYtzdkY aemufxyf IH;yGJESifh
MuHKawGYMujyefavjyD/
xkdol\ "m;odkif;uGufudkMunhf&if; vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;vif;wkdYrSm vGefpGm wkefvIyfoGm;Muonf/ taMumif;rSm
xdkoltoHk;jyKaeaom "m;odkif;onfvnf; bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; jzpfaeaomaMumifhyifwnf;/
vdefvdefu vifrdefusufudk wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... uRefrwdkYvSnf;xJ a&mufaewJh vluvnf; bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk wwfaeygvm;/
csif;csef*dkPf;om;awG awmfawmfaoukefjyD}}
vifrdefusufu tHhMoxdwfvefYpGmjzifh ...
]]bm ... 'D ... 'Dvluvnf; ... bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk wwfaew,f [kwfvm;}}
xdktcsdefwGif csif;csef*dkPf;om;oHk;a,muf xyf vJusoGm;jyefonf/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYurl xdkol\t&nftcsif;udk aumif;pGm od&SdvdkufMuonf/ xkdol\ "m;odkif;onf
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; jzpfaomfvnf; &ufykcRefESifh vifrdefusufwkdYxuf rsm;pGm edrfhusaeao;\/ wHk;zef;ykESifhum;
rnfodkYrQ EdIif;,SOf r&acs/
vdefvdefu ...
]]olY&JU "m;okdi;f u &SifeJY wlayr,fh &Sifhavmufawmh rjrefbl;/}}
vifrdefusufu oufjyif;&Snf wpfcsufcs&if; ...
]]'gqdk&if bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;&JU tESpfom&udk 'Daumifr&ao;vdkYyJ/ tESpfom&udk &xm;&if jrefudk jref&r,f}}
csif;csef*dkPf;om;rsm;onf jrif;vSnf;ay:rSvludk rnfokdrQ r,SOfEkdifMuojzifh tm;vHk; xGufajy;ukefMu
awmh\/ jrif;vSnf;ay:rS wpfudk,fawmf odkif;orm;u ajray:odkY xdkifcsvdkufum tarmtyef; ajzaeonf/
xdkol\ toufIoHudk em;axmifvdkuf&mwGif twGif;'Pf&m &xm;rSef; vifh[lcsKH;u odvdkufonf/ vwfwavm
&&Sdjcif; r[kwfojzifh tapmMuD;uwnf;u twGif;'Pf&m &xm;jcif; jzpf&ayrnf/
twefMumrS xdkou
l rwfwwf&yfvkdujf yD; vifrdefusufwkdY ykef;atmif; ae&mzufodkY vSnfh ...
]]vifrdefusuf ... usKyfudk aumif;qef;*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefu vTwfvdkufygw,f}}
xdkvl\ toHrSm AvHk;AaxG; jzpfae\/ yg;pyfwGif uGrf;oD;0g; pum;ajymaeyHkrsKd; jzpfonf/
vifrdefusufu vdefvdefESifh twl jrufawmxJrS xGufvm&if; ...
]]tckvdk vma&muf ulnDwmudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ cifAsm;&JU emrnfudk odcGifh&Sdrvm;}}
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefu cifAsm;wkdY vifr,m; ESpfa,muf 'Pf&m&xm;rSef; odvdkY usKyfudk vTwfjyD;
ac:ckdif;vdkufwmyg/ cifAsm;wkdYESpfa,muf &ufykcRef&JU&efu a&Smifwdrf;zdkY tcuftcJawGUae&rSef; usKyfwkdY odw,f/
... cifAsm;wkdYudk &ufykcRef vHk;0&SmrawGUwJh ae&mudk ac:oGm;ay;yghr,f/ [dka&muf&if aumif;aumif; tem;,ljyD;
'Pf&mawG aysmufatmif aq;0g;ukoEdkifygw,f/}}
vifrdefusufu csKdompGmjzifh ...
]]cifAsm;wdkY&JU apwemudk trsm;MuD; aus;Zl;wifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh *dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefu usKyfudk
bmjzpfvkdY 'Dvdk qufqHwmvJ qdkwmudk usKyfvHk;0 em;rvnfbl;}}
xdkolu &,f jyefajymvdkufonf/
]][kwfw,f/ kwfw&ufawmh cifAsm; em;vnfrSm r[kwfbkl;/ 'gayr,fh aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munfhyg ...
tck usKyfwdkY tm;vHk; b0wlawG jzpfaeMujyDyJ/ usKyfwdkY tm;vHk;rSm bHk&efol wpfa,muf &Sdw,fqdkawmh usKyfwdkY
wpfawG[m nDtpfudkawG yJaygh}}
vifrdefusufu ...
]]tif; ... qufjyD; &Sif;ygOD;av/ cifAsm; &Sif;jywmawG em;axmifjyD;&ifawmh oabmayguf aumif;yg&JU}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1032
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkvlu quf ...

]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxef&JUrsufvHk; uef;oGm;&wm &ufykcRefaMumifh ... cifAsm;&JU rsufvHk; uef;oGm;&wm
uvnf; wu,fwef; aocsmpOf;pm;Munhf&if &ufykcRefaMumifhyJ r[kwfvm;/ tckqdk&if cifAsm; bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;
wwfxm;rSef; olodoGm;jyDqdkawmh cifAsm;udk rawGUawGYatmif&SmjyD; olu owfawmhrSmyJ}}
]]olu awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;csKyfMuD; jzpfoGm;jyD/ olYrSm tiftm; tjynfht0 &Sdaew,f/ 'Dawmh cifAsm;
wpfa,mufwnf;eJY olYudk ckcHzkdY b,fvG,fvdrfhrvJ/ aemufjyD; cifAsm; ab;rSm &ufykcRef&JU orD;wpfa,mufvHk;
ygaerSawmh cifAsm; b,fudk ajy;csifovJ/ ajrvQKd;rvm;/ rdk;ysHrvm;/ ajy;csif&majy;/ &ufykcRefvufxJu
b,fawmhrS rvGwfEdkifbl;/
vdefvdefu kwfw&uf atmfvdkuf\/
]]avmifwuf ... &Sifudk;}}
vdefvdef\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ykef;aeaom vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; wkefvIyf oGm;rdawmh\/
apmapmwkef;u xdkol\ toHudk Mum;zl;onfhtoH[l pOf;pm;aecJh aomfvnf; xkdolu toHzsufajym aeojzifh
rnfolrSef; rodcJhacs/ ,ck vdefvdef\ atmfoHMum;vdkuf&rS avmifwuf jzpfaMumif; odvdkuaf wmhonf/
vufpowfawmh kyfzsufxm;aom wpfudk,fawmf odkif;orm;onf 0gqef;*dkPf;\ 'kwd,wynfh
avmifwuf jzpfaeaMumif; tHhMopzG,f awGU&Sd&onf/ odkYaomf ,cifwkef;u avmifwuf zkusKd;jrdKUwGif
aoqHk;oGm;jyD[k vdefvdefonf vifh[lcsKH;tm; ajymjycJhzl;onf/ ,ck rnfuJhodkY aoolu toufjyef&Sif
vmoenf;/ vifh[lcsKH; em;rvnfawmhacs/ xdkpOf ...
]][if; ... 'Daumifrav;u igh&JUtoHudk rSwfrdaewmudk;}}
onfwpfMudrw
f Gifawmh avmifwufonf toHudk rzsufawmhyJ yuwd yifudk,foHtwkdif; ajymvdkufjcif;
jzpf ydkaocsm oGm;awmhonf/
vifrdefusufu ...
]]tpfukdESpf ... cifAsm;u zkusKd;jrdKUrSmwkef;u vlpm;xkd;jyD; aocsif[ef aqmifvdkufwmudk;/ 'Dvdkqdk&if
tpfudk&Spfudk cifAsm; owfvdkufwmaygh}}
avmifwufonf pum;jzifh jyefrajzyJ r&,fcsifh &,fcsif[efjzifh ][ifh} ueJ wpfcsuf &,fvkdufawmh\/
vdefvdefonf a'goxGufvSojzifh tom;wqwfqwf wkefvmawmh\/
]]&Sif ... &Sif ... vl,kwfrm ... vifrdefusuf&JU aemufausmudk "m;eJY ckwfwm &SifyJ r[kwfvm;/ tpfudkMuD;udk
txifvGJjyD; uRefru yufyufpufpuf &efoGm;awGUcJhao;w,f/}}
avmifwufu ]]igu vlpm;xkd;vdkufjyD; igaooGm;ovdk yHkpHrsKd; vkyfypfcJhwm/ tavmif;&JU rsufESmudk
kyfysufatmif ckwfxpfjyD; ight0wftpm;awG 0wfay;vdkufawmh igaojyDvdkY tm;vHk;u ,lqoGm;Muwmaygh/
'gayr,fh vifrdefusuf&JU aemufausmudk "m;eJYckwfwmuawmh igr[kwfbl;/}}
]]&Sif rckwf ... b,fol ckwfOD;rvJ}}
avmifwufu at;pufpGm jyHK;vdkuf&if; ...
]]eifodcsif&ifawmh ajymjy&ao;wmaygh/ vifrdefusuf&JU aemufausmudk "m;eJYckwfwm wjcm;ol r[kwfbl;/
eifhtazyJ...}}
]]&Sif ... r[kwfwkwfawG avQmufrajymygeJY/ uRefrtazu vifrdeu
f sufudk bmjzpfvdkY "g;eJYckwf&rSmvJ/}}
]][m; .. [m; ... [m; ... eifhtaztaMumif;udk eifu b,favmufodvkYv
d J/ bmjzpfvdkY vifrdefusufudk
"m;eJY ckwf&ovJqdkwm ig&Sif;jyr,f/ aoaocsmcsm em;axmif/ rif;tazu vifh[lcsKH;qDu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk
&vdkufw,f/ wu,fawmh 'Dypnf;[m ]vif} rsKd;dk;ydkifwJh ypnf;yJ/ ... 'Dawmh vifrdefusufudk jyefay;&r,fh
wm0ef olYrSm &Sdaew,f/ 'gayr,fh rif;tazu vifrdefusufvufxJ jyefrtyfcsifbl;/ 'Dawmh bmvkyf&rvJ/
vifrdefusufudk owf&rSmaygh/ 'grS jyefay;p&m rvkdawmhbl;av/ 'Dypnf;udk oltydkif&rSm/ 'gaMumifh
tJ'Daemufydkif;rSm olowfr,fh pm&if;xJu eHygwfwpfvlu vifrdeu
f sufyJ}}
avmifwuf\ pum;rsm;onf vdefvdefYudk idkifoGm; apawmhonf/ olr\ tonf;ESvHk;xJu avmifwuf\
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1033
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pum;rsm;onf trSefrsm; jzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;MuD; ,HkMunfaerdonf/ odkYaomf olr\ yg;pyfurl ...

]]r[kwfbl; ... rjzpfEdkifbl/ tazuom vifrdefusufudk owfcsifw,fqdk&if wpfcsufwnf;eJY aooGm;rSm
aygh}}
xdktcdkuf vifred fusufu ...
]][kwfw,f/ rif;bmrS apm'u wufraeeJY/ tpfudk avmifwuf ajymwmrSefw,f}}
]]&Sif ... &Sif}}
]]bmvJ .. rif;u tHhMoaevdkYvm; ... rtHhMoeJY ... ighaemufausmudk "m;eJY ckwfcHvdkuf&awmh ighrSm
jyif;jyif;xefxef 'Pf&m &w,f/ iguvnf; tuif;yg;yg;eJY vJusoGm;oGm;csif; aocsif[ef aqmifvdkufwmyJ/
tJonfwkef;uawmh ighudk ckwfwJhol[m &ufykcRefrSef; igrodao;ygbl;/ 'gayr,fh ... igrSwfrdaewm wpfck
&Sdw,f/
igarhajrmovdk jzpfaewkef; ... tpfudk&Spfu ]q&m} vdkY wpfcGef;atmfoH Mum;vdkuf&w,f/ tJ'g tpfudk&Spf&JU
trSm;yJ/ olu q&mvdkY ac:vkdufwm[m ightoufudk u,fvu
dk fovdk jzpfoGm;yg&JU/ 'gayr,fh olYtoufudkawmh
ay;vkduf&w,f}}
]]bk&m; ... bk&m; ... tpfudk&Spfudkvnf; tazyJ owfw,f .. [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ rif;tazyJ/ tpfudk&SpfqDu ]q&m} vdkYac:oH Mum;jyD;wmeJY ]tm;} ueJ atmfoHMum;vdkuf&
wmyJ/ aemufawmh igvnf; owdarhoGm;w,f/ aemufydkif; tjzpftysufawGudk igrodawmhayr,fh qufpyf
pOf;pm;MunhfvdkY &ygw,f/ tpfudk&Spf&JU toHudk Mum;vkdufvdkY wpfjcm;olawG ajy;vmMuygvdrhfr,f/ 'Dawmh
&ufykcRef[m igaoraoudk rppfaq;EkdifawmhyJ csufcsif; xGufajy;oGm;& vdrfhr,f/}}
vdefvdefu rausrcsrf;jzifh apm'u wufjyefonf/
]]tazu &SifhudkowfzkdY &nfG,fxm;&if aemufykdif;rSm owfzkdY tcGifhta&;awG trsm;MuD;&SdaewmyJ/ bmjzpfvkdY
rowfovJ/ ajymprf;ygOD;}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... aemufydkif;rSm igu rif;tazudk aumif;aumif;MuD; owdxm;aejyDav/
aemufjyD;awmh rif;uvnf; ighab;em;rSm wpfcsdefvHk; &Sdaeawmh rif;tazu ighudk b,fvkdvkyf owfEdkifawmh
rSmvJ/ rif;[m ightzdkY tifrwef vHkjcHKwJh cHwyfMuD;yJ}}
vdefvdefu dIufMuD;wiif idk ...
]]vufpowfawmh &Sifu uRefrudk cspfvkdY vufxyfwmrS r[kwfyJ/ tumtuG,fvyk fzdkY vufxyfwmudk;}}
vifrdefusufu vdefvdefYtm; vHk;0 ta&;rpkdufyJ avmifwuftm; ...
]]tpfudk avmifwuf/ cifAsm;u b,ftcsdefwkef;u q&mMuD; usdvifxefeJY oGm;qufrdwmvJ}}
]]*dkPf;csKyfMuD; usdvifxefu ighq&m t&if;yJ/ igu q&mMuD; usdvifxef&JU wwd,ajrmuf wynfhy}J }
]]aMomf ... vufpowfawmh tpfudkavmifwufu aumif;qef;*dkPf;uae 0gqef;*dkPf;udk ajymif;vmwmudk;}}
]][ifhtif; ... rajymif;ygbl;/ igu tjrJwef; aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;yJ/ ighq&m&JU trdefYt& 0gqef;*dkPf;udk
vmjyD;awmh wynfhcHwm/ &ufykcRef&JU odki;f ynmudk avhvmzkdYeJY 0gqef;*dkPf;&JU ajcvSrf;awGudk MudKwif odaezdkYyJ}}
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkufawmhrS vifh[lcsKH;rSm oabmayguf oGm;awmhonf/ avmifwufrSm
aumif;qef;*dkPf;rS vsKdU0Suf vTwfxm;aom olvQKdyifwnf;/
usdvifxefonf tapmMuD;uwnf;u *dkPf;MuD;ig;*dkPf;udk yl;aygif;&ef qE&Sdxm;ojzifh MudKwifpDpOf
xm;jcif; jzpfay\/
xdkYaMumifh avmifwufonf rdk;MudK;twGif;tm;odkif;pmtkyfudk cdk;,lEkdifa&;twGuf vkdktm; owfypfvkdufjcif;
jzpfawmh\/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefonf yg;eyfaumufuspf&m o&zlaqmif;xm;ol jzpf&m udpudk tb,frSmvQif rodyJ
aeygthHenf;/
vifrdefusufu wpfcsufrQ awGa0 pOf;pm;vdu
k fjyD;aemuf ...
]]vufpowfawmh tpfudkavmifwufu rdk;MudK;twGif;tm;odkif;eJY bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk q&mMuD; usdvifxef
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1034
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
qD ydkYay;vdkufwmudk;/ tJ'Dae&mrSm usKyfu uGif;qufjywfaewm/ q&mMuD; usdvifxef bmaMumifh bDvl;rD;

"m;odkif; wwfae&ovJqdkwm tckawmh oabmaygufygjyD}}
avmifwufu wpfcsuf &,fvsuf ...
]]trSeftwdkif;ajym&&ifawmh usKyfa&m? usKyfq&myg &ufykcRef&JU vSnhfuGufxJ rdoGm;wmyg/ 'Dvlu
aumufuspf OmPfrsm;wJhae&mrSm jydKifpH&Sm;w,f/ b,folrS olYvdk raumufuspfEkdifb;l / usKyfwdkYtm;vHk; cHvdkuf
Mu&wmygyJ}}
vifrdefusufrmS csufcsif; oabmaygufoGm;onf/
]][kwfjyD ... [kwfjyD/ tpfudk avmifwuf cdk;,loGm;wJh bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;[m twkMuD; jzpf&r,f/ &ufykcRefu
twkwpfck oufouf vkyfxm;jyD; axmifacsmuf qifvdkuf wmudk;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY q&mMuD; usdvifxef
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; xkwfoHk;awmh wpfckck vdkaeovdk jzpfaewmyJ/ tckrS oabmaygufw,f}}
avmifwufu tHBudwf ...
]][kwfw,f/ olqifxm;wJh axmifacsmufuGufxJrSm igwdkU q&m wynfhESpfa,muf trdcHcJh&wmyJ/
'gaMumifh *dkPf;csKyfaG;yGJvJ usa&m ighq&m IH;cJh&wm/ 'Dvl,kwfrm &ufykcRefu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;xJu
ta&;MuD;wJh aomhcsufodkif;uGuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk csefxm;vdu
k fawmh ighq&mrSm 'ku jzpfawmhwmyJ/
"m;odkif;uGuf awGuawmh aumif;yg&JU 'gayr,fh twGif;tm;usifhenf; ygrvmbl;/ ighq&mrS 'kura&muf&if
b,fol 'kua&mufOD;rvJ}}
vifrdefusufu oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufcsum . . .
]]tif; . . . bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;&JU twGi;f tm; usifhenf;uvJ raumif;ygbl;}}
vifrdefusuf taejzifh pum;udk ajymvdkufjcif;rSm wu,fh pdwf&if;oabm&if;ESifh ajymvdkufjcif;
jzpfayonf/
&ufykcRefonf bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; twkwpfck jyKvkyfxm;&mwGif twGif;tm;usifhenf;\ t"duaomhcsuf
wpfckjzpfaom ]oif;uGyf} &rnfqdkonfudk vHk;0 razmfjyonfhtjyif twGif;tm;usifhenf; udkvnf; razmfjy
xm;cJhay/
xdkYaMumifh usdvifxefESifh avmifwufwdkYrSm "m;uGufudkom&xm;NyD; twGif;tm; usifhenf;udk vHk;0r&ojzifh
"m;csufrsm; rjrefqefjcif; jzpfawmh\/
avmifwufu a'gojzifh ...
]][kwfw,f/ 0gqef;*dkPf;rSm igolvQKd 0ifvkyfaewmudk &ufykcRefu aumif;aumif;BuD; &dyfrdw,f/
ol&dyfrdwmudk igwdkYu rodyJeJY udk,fudk,fudk vlawmfBuD;awG atmufarhaewm/ olu ighwdkYudk r&dyfrdwJhyHkeJY
wpfcsdefvHk; rodcsifa,mif aqmifaew,f}}
]]aemufawmh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; twkBuD;udk cdk;,lEdkifatmif olu tuGufxGifay;w,f/ 'Dvdk rpHkvifwJh
"m;odkif;BuD;udk ighq&m &xm;rS wu,fh ta&;taMumif; us&if ighq&mu olYudk bmrS rvkyfEdkifyJ oluom
pdwfBudKuf tEdkif,lEdkifrSmudk;}}
vifrdefusufu oufjyif; wpfcsufcsum . . .
]]tif; . . . &ufykcRef[m a>rqdk;xufawmif aMumufp&m aumif;vSyguvm;/ wu,fhudk aumufuspf
OmPfrsm;wJhoyl J/}}
avmifwufu . . .
]]ighq&m usdvifxefu tck rsufpduG,foGm;awmh . . . aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU taemufzuf awmifukef;rSm
ykef;cdkaew,f/ 'Dawmifwef;rSm aemufxyf rsufrjrif q,fhig;a,mufvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ tJonfvlawGuawmh
vifh[lcsKH;eJY &ufykcRefwdkY&JU vufcsufrdjyD; rsufpduG,foGm;wJh olawGyJ}}
]]tckrif;om igeJY vdkufvmjyD; ighq&meJY awGUvkdufprf;yg/ q&mu rif;udk aumif;aumif; aqG;aEG;rSmyJ/
[dka&muf&if igwdkY tm;vHk;&JU bHk&efolBuD;udk pdwfwludk,fwl uvJhpm;acscsifwhJ pdwf"gwfawG wzGm;zGm;
ay:vm&r,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1035
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdkpum;ukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifrdefusuf\ &ifxJ vIyf&mS ;oGm;awmh\/

,ck olYrSm rsufpduG,faeNyDjzpf cdkudk;&mrJholjzpf&m rsufrjrifrsm;csnf; pkpkpnf;pnf; aexdkifEdkifMuvQif
taumif;qHk; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/
odkYaomf usdvifxefudkvnf; avQmhrwGuo
f ifhay/ olonfvnf; &ufykcRefeD;yg; aMumufp&m aumif;ol
jzpfonf/ usdvifxefu rdrdtm; ,ckuJhodkY tav;ay; qufqHaejcif;rSm taMumif;rJh rjzpfEdkifacs/
vifrdefusufu yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yif ar;vku
d fonf/
]]q&mMuD; usdvifxef&JU apwemudk usKyftaeeJY odyfav;pm;rdw,f/ 'Dawmh usKyftaeeJY jyefNyD;
aus;Zl;qyfcsifygw,f/ b,fvkd qyf&rSef; rodbl;/ tpfudk avmifwuftaeeJY usKyf b,fvkd qyfoifhw,fqdkwm
ajymjyEdkifrvm; rodbl;}}
vifrdefusuf\ ar;cGef;rSm &Sif;vSonf/ rdrdtm; rQ wav;wpm; qufqHaejcif;onf/ rdrdxHrS
rnfonfht&mudk vdkcsifenf;[k ajAmifzGifhar;vdkufjcif;yif jzpf\/
avmifwufu w[m;[m; &,fvkduf&if; ...
]]vifrdefusuf ... rif;[m wu,f yGifhvif;wJh vlyJudk;/ tm;vHk;[m b0wlawG jzpfaeMuawmh yGifhyGifh
vif;vif; ajymwm taumif;qHk;ygyJ/ ighq&mu &ufykcRefqDu rjynfhpHkwJh"m;odkif; &xm;vdkY igwkdY
q&mwynfhawGtm;vHk; 'kua&muf cJhMu&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ighq&mu "m;odkif;tppfudk vdkcsifw,f/ rif;u
"m;odkif;tppfudk wwfxm;w,fqdkawmh rif;eJY vmNyD; aqG;aEG;&wmaygh}}
vifrdefusufu avmifwuf\ oabmudk em;vnfvdkufonf/ olu . . .
]]tpfudk avmifwuf&JU oabmudk usKyfem;vnfovkdvdk &SdvmNyD/ usKyfu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf; tppfudk
cifAsm;q&m usdvifxefudk jy&rSmvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... 'Dvdk twdtus rvdkygbl;/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usrf; qdkwmu rif;wkdY rsKd;dk;ydkif ypnf;yJ/ 'gudk
igwdkYtaeeJY tcGifhr&&if rMunfhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh tck igwdkY tm;vHk; ... bHk&efolBuD; &ufykcRefudk vufpm;acszkdY
BudK;pm;aeMuw,f r[kwfvm;}}
vifrdefusufu NidrfoufpGm em;axmifaeonf/ avmifwufuyif quf ...
]]rif;om rsufpdaumif;ae&ifawmh bmtaMumif;vJ/ olYudk aMumufaep&m rvdkbl;/ 'gayr,fh tck
tajctaeu wpfrsKd;jzpfaew,f qdkawmh ighq&ma&m? rif;yg 'DbDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk wwfxm;rS &ufykcRefudk
&ifqdkifEdkifrSm/ igajymwm [kwfr[kwf ... rif;pOf;pm; OD;ayghav/}}
avmifwuf\ pum;rSm vGefpGmrSyif obm0usojzifh vifrdefusufu csufcsif;vdkvdkyif ...
]]aumif;jyD ... usKyfoabmwlw,f/ usKyfu cifAsm;&JU q&mudk usKyfwwfxm;wJh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;tppfudk
ajymjyr,f}}
avmifwufu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]][m; ... [m; ... 'Dvdkqdk&if igawmh odyf0rf;omwmyJ/ rif;[m igwkdY aumif;qef;*dkPf;&JU txl;rdwfaqG
jzpfoGm;ygjyD}}
]]pdwfcsyg/ usKyfu cifAsm;eJY twl aumif;qef;*dkPf; a&mufwmeJY cifAsm;&JU q&mudk 'D"m;odkif;taMumif;
tpuae tqHk;xd Gwfjyyghr,f}}
]]b,fvkd ... Gwfjyr,f ... [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ 'D"m;okdif; a&;xm;wJh ouFef;udk jyef&NyD;wJhaemufrSm ouFef;udk usKyf&JU udk,fay:rSm
odrf;rxm;&Jawmhbl;/ 'gaMumifh "m;odkif;udk tvGwfusufNyD;awmh ouFef;udkawmh rD;IdUypfvkdufNyD}}
avmifwufu ]]aumif;NyDav/ 'Dvdkqdk&if tckyJ aumif;qef;awmifudk jyefMupdkY/ q&mBuD; usdvifxefawmh
tifrwef 0rf;omoGm;rSmyJ}}
vifrdefusufu acgif;ndwfjyvdkufonf/
avmifwufu quf ...
]]igwkdY oGm;&if jrif;vSnf;eJY oGm;vdkY r&bl;/ vrf;wpf0ufrSm &ufykcRefwdkYeJY wdk;rdEdkifw,f/ tcktcsdefrSm
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1036
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olYudk igwkdY b,fvkdrS r,SOfEkdifao;bl;/ 'Dawmh olYudk a&Smif&rSmyJ/ awmvrf;uyJ oGm;MurS jzpfr,f/}}
vifrdefusufu oabmwlvdkufjyD;aemuf vdefvdefYzufodkY vSnfhum ...
]]vdefvdef ... rif;u rif;tazzufu aerSmvm;/ 'grSr[kwf rif;a,mufsm;zufu aerSmvm;}}
vdefvdefu IdufoHESifh ...
]]uRefr ... uRefr ... b,fbufurS raeawmhbl;/ uHacw,f/ uRefr odyfuHacw,f/ reufjzefqdk&if
uRefr r,foDv&if oGm;vkyfawmhr,f/ b,foleJYrS rawGUawmhbl;}}
vifrdefusufu ceJYoHESifh ...
]]odyfaumif;wJh tMuHtpnfyJ/ [efqef;awmifudk oGm;jyD; r,foDv&if vkyf&if rif;u vifh[lcsKH;eJY
awG&rSmudk;/ tifrwef aumif;wJh tMuH}}
vdefvdefu a'goxGufvmojzifh vefrdefusuftm; &efawGUvdkufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... &Sif cdkudk;&mrJh jzpfaewJh tcsdefrSm tazom &Sifhudk ru,f&if rkaumif;zkef;&JU vufxJrSm
&SifaoaeavmufjyD/ xm;ygawmh aemufykdif;rSm uRefrtazu &Sifhtay:rSm raumif;cJhbl;/ 'gayr,fh uRefru
&Sifhtay:rSm bmrsm; apmfum;zl;vdkYvJ/ tckawmh &Sifhpum;u uRefrudk apmfum;vSacsvm;/ bmjzpfvdkY 'Dvdk
yufyufpufpuf ajym&wmvJ}}
vifrdefusufu ...
]]'gvm; ... 'gu q&mBuD; usdvufxef tay:rSm igb,favmuf opm&SdaMumif; jyzdkYyJ/}}
vifrdefusuf\ toHrSm wjznf;jznf; rmausm cufxefvm\/ wpf'*F twGif;rSmyif vdefvdefYxHrS tm;ueJ
atmfoHwpfcsuf xGufvm\/ olrudk wkdufcdkufcHvdkuf&[ef wlayonf/
vifh[lcsKH;a&m vif;vif;yg [mueJ atmf jrufawmxJrS ckefxGufvkdufMu\/ vifh[lcsKH;u toHukef
atmfvkdufonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... vdefvdefudk rxdeJY}}
kyfzsuf xm;aomfjim;vnf; ol\ toHaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSef; odoGm;Muawmhonf/ avmifwufrSm
vifh[lcsKH;udk csufcsif; rSwfrdvdkufojzifh vefYzsyfoGm;awmhonf/
avmuwGif vifh[lcsKH;ESifh &ufykcRefwdkYudkom avmifwuf taMumufqHk;jzpfonf/ BuD;pGmaom wkefvIyf
ajcmufjcm;rIjzifh avmifwufonf vifrdefusuf\ vufudkqGJum csif;csef*dkPf;om;wkdY usef&pfcJhonfh
jrif;wpfaumifay: ckefwuf wpf[kefxdk; xGufajy;awmhonf/
vdefvdefudk *kpdkufae&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;a&m vif;vif;yg avmifwufwdkY aemufodkY rvkdufEkdifawmhay/ olwdkY
ESpfa,muf vGwfajrmuf xGufajy; oGm;Muawmh\/
vdefvdefrSm jrif;vSnf; eHab;wGif vJusae\/ olr\ &if0wGif "m;ajrmifwpfacsmif;u vufudkifdk;
tqHk;txd pdkuf0ifaeonf/ eDapG;aom aoG;rsm;uvnf; &Jaeonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]nDrav; ... nDrav;}}
]]tpf ... tpfudkBuD;vm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vdefvdef pum;ajymEkdifao;onfudk awGU&aomtcg 0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;onf/
]][kwfw,f ... igyJ}}
wpfqufwnf;yif vdefvdefY&if0wGif pl;epfaeaom "m;ajrmifudk qGJxkwf&ef vufvSrf;vdkufonf/ odkYaomf
qGJrEkwfjzpfacs/ "m;ajrmifudk qGJEkwfvdkufonfESifh vdefvdef toufxGuf oGm;rnfrSm aocsmaeonf/ vdefvdefY
toufudk ru,fEdkifawmhrSef; odvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsuf&nf awGawG usqif;vmawmh\/
]]tpfudk ... tpfukBd uD; ... uRefr ab;em;rSm &Sdaewm odyftm;&SdwmyJ/ ol ... ol oGm;NyDvm;}}
]]oGm;NyD}}
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefr .... uRefr rSm;ygw,f/ ... uRefrudk cGifhvTwfygaemf}}
]]cGifhvTwfygw,fuG,f/ pum;odyfrajymygeJY}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1037
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vdefvdefonf pum;qufajym&ef tm;,lvdkufao;onf/ odkYaomf toHrxGufvmawmh/ touf0dnmOf

csKyfoGm;&SmayjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifxJwGif qkdYepfoGm;awmh\/ urmMuD; wpfckvHk; rnf;arSmifaom acsmufurf;yg;MuD; twGif;
odkY usoGm;jyD[k xifvdkufrdawmh\/
olonf atmf[pf idkypfvdkufcsif\/ odkYaomf vHk;0 idkr&acs/ vdefvdef\ cEmudk,fav;udk ayGUcsDxm;&if;
rS wD;wdk;ajymvdu
k frd\/
]]nDrav; ... bmrS raMumufeJY/ ig ... ig .. rif;udk ... rif;&JU azazeJY ararqD ac:oGm;ay;r,f/ ....
[dka&muf&if rif;udk b,folrS tEkdif rusifhEdkifawmhbl;/}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ 'Pf&mrS aoG;rsm; pdrfhxGufvmonfudk vif;vif; awGUvdkuf&onf/ odkYaomf ,ck
tajctaersKd;wGif vifh[lcsKH;tm; rnfuJhodkY ESpfodrfh&rnfudk vif;vif; taejzifh rodawmhay/
vdefvdefYtavmif;udk ayGUcsD&if; vifh[lcsKH;rSm a&SUodkYom avQmufoGm;aeonf/ yg;pyfrSvnf; wwGwfwGwf
a&&Gwfaeonf/
]]nDrav; ... raMumufeJYaemf ... rif;&JU arar a&mufvmawmhr,f/ bmrS tm;ri,feJY ... rif;&JU arar
a&mufvmawmhr,f}}
tdyfrufruf&if; vrf;xavQmufaeolyrm vifh[lcsKH;onf a&Gwfae&mrS 'l;rsm; nGwfacGusoGm;vsuf
ajrBuD;ay:odkY vJusoGm;awmhonf/ xkdYaemuf vHk;0 owdvpf oGm;awmhonf/
ol owdjyef& vmaomtcg em;xJ vGefpGm om,mvSonfh BudK;wyfwl&d,m wD;cwfoHudk Mum;ae&onf/
ESmacgif;xJwGifvnf; yef;rmvmwdkY\ arT;BudKifaom &eHYrsm;udk SLIduf cHpm;ae&\/ rsufvHk;rsm;udk zGifh
ywf0ef;usifudk vSnfhywf MunfhIvdkufaomtcg rdrdrSm jrufcif;wpfck ay: vJavsmif;vsufom; &Sdaeonfudk
awGU&\/ vif;vif;url BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk om,m nif;aysmif;pGm wD;cwfaeonf/
vJavsmif;ae&mrS xxdkif&ef jyifqifvu
dk faomtcg vifh[lcsKH;xHrS toHxGufoGm;ojzifh BudK;wyfwl&d,m
wD;jcif;udk vif;vif;u &yfqkdif;um pl;prf;onfh tMunfhjzifh vSrf;Munfhvdkufonf/ xdktjcif;t&mudk jrifvdkuf
&aom vif[
h lcsKH;\ &ifxJ vGefpGm om,m csrf;ajrUaom cHpm;rIudk &vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH; odvdkufonf/ vdefvdef aoqHk;oGm; &jcif;aMumifh olYtaejzifh aomuAsmyg' xkaxmif;cH&jyD;
owdvpf arhvJ usoGm;cJh&\/ vif;vif;u owdvpfaeaom olYudk ausmuf*l tem;,lEkdifap&ef
ayGUcsDvmjcif;om jzpf&ayrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYonf wpfa,mufukd wpfa,muf tcsdeftMumBuD; ai;pdkuf MunfhaerdMuonf/
twefMumrS vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;\vufudk nifompGm qkyfudkifvdkuf\/ xdkpOf olYESmacgif;xJ
tom;rD;uif&mrS xGufay:vmaom wl;eHYrsKd;udk&vdkufav\/ vif;vif;u uref;uwef;vSnfh rD;uifxm;aom
zm;om;rsm;ukdk qGJ,lvdkufawmhonf/ olru &Suf&Sufjzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]wl;oGm;jyefNyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u w[m;[m; &,farmrdawmh\/ olwdkYESpfa,mufonf wpfcsdefwkef;u a&uefab;em;
zm;om;rsm;udk rD;uifpm;cJhzl;Muonf/ xdkpOfu zm;om;rsm; rD;zdkay: wl;oGm;cJhzl;onf/ ,ck onfwBudrfwGif
vnf; wl;jyefacsjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm &,farmvsufrS kwfw&uf rsuf&nfrsm; pD;usvmjyefawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;udk tomt,m
qGJxl&if; ausmuf*lBuD;\ tjyifzuf cyfvSrf;vSrf; wpfae&modkY vif;vif;u vufId;xdk;jyvdkuf\/ olr
vufId;xdk;jyaom ae&mrSm ajryHkrdkYrdkY av;wpfck &Sdaeonf/
vif;vif;u wk;d nif;aom toHuav;jzifh ...
]]vdefvdefYudk jrKyfxm;wJhae&mav/ uRefr twwfEdkifqHk; olYtwGuf vkyfay;xm;ygw,f/ wrvGefb0rSm ol
at;at;csrf;csrf; tem;,laeNyDvdkY xifygw,f tpfukd}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsuf&nfaygufBuD;rsm; usvmNyD; ...
]]aMomf ... vif;vif;&,f/ rif;&JU aus;Zl;awGuBuD;vGef;vSyguvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1038
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudk ... 'gawGu tao;tzGJ av;awGyg}}

vif;vif;\ vufuav;udk vifh[lcsKH;u aEG;axG;pGm qkyfudkif&if; vIdufvSJpGm ajymvdkufonf/
]]vif;vif; ... nDrav; vdefvdeftay: tpfuo
dk Ha,mZOf rukefEdkifao;wm pdwfrqdk;ygeJYaemf}}
]]tdk ... tpfudk&,f/ bmjzpfvkdY pdwfqkd;&rSmvJ/ tpfudku tonf;ESvHk;eJY ywfoufjyD; 'Dvdk oHa,mZOfBuD;
wwfw,fqdkwmudk uRefru oabmusNyD; cspfae&wmyg/ ae&mwumrSm ayghTwfTwf vkyfwwfwJhvlqdk&if
uRefr b,f'Davmuf cspfawmhrvJ}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1039
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
arwm&nf ukefcef;jcif;
vif;vif;onf vifh[lcsKH;udkwGJ vdefvdef\ tavmif; jrKyfxm;&m ajryHkuav;qDodkY ac:vmcJh\/
xdkajryHkuav; ab;em; twefMumatmif &yfaeNyD;rS vifh[lcsKH;onf *lxJodkY jyef0ifvmonf/
vif;vif;u ...
]]tpfudk .. uRefrwkdY 'D*lav;xJrSm cPavmuf aeMu&atmif/ tpfudkY 'Pf&mudkvnf; tem;,luk&if;
vdefvdefYudkvnf; tazmfvkyf ay;&if;aygh}}
vif;vif;\ tMuHudk vifh[lcsKH;u ESpfNcdKufojzifh olwdkYESpfa,muf xkad usmuf*lxJwGifyif aexkdifMuawmh\/
&ufESpfq,fcefYMumaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;\ 'Pf&mrSm ododomomBuD; oufomvmonf/ tm;vyfwkdif;
vif;vif;uvnf; BudK;wyfwl&d,m wD;cwfenf;udk oifMum;ay;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm BudK;wyf wl&d,m wD;cwf
aom ynm tvGefyif wkd;wuf oGm;awmh\/
xdk&ufrsm;twGif; olwdkY ESpfa,mufonf ausmuf*ltwGif; at;csrf;pGm tem;,lcJhMu&m odkif;avmu\
aoG;eHYrsmudk rIIduf&awmhyJ vGefpGmrSyif pdwfcsrf;om aeMuawmh\/ olwkdYESpfa,mufrSm odkif;avmuBuD;udk
arhavsmhoGm;Muawmh\/ olwdkY wpfouf ausmuf*ltwGif;om aexdkifoGm;&efudkyif pdwful; rdMuawmh\/
odkYaomf olwY\
dk arQmfvifhcsuf vHk;0 rjynfh0Ekdif&ef taMumif;zefvmawmhonf/
wpfaeYo vifh[lcsKH;onf opfoD;rsm;cl;&ef ausmuf*ltwGif;rS xGufvmcJhonf/ opfyifrsm;udk vdkufvH
MunfhI&if; awmtkyfBuD;\ wpfae&modkYta&muf cyfvSrf;vSrf; wpfae&mrS wdk;nif;aomtoHudk Mum;vdkuf
&awmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm ,ck&uftwGif; wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm aecJh&ojzifh tmkHrsm;rSm txl;yif xufjruf
ae&m a0;vHaomt&yfrS wdk;nif;aom toHrsm;udk Mum;EkdifpGrf;&Sdaejcif;yif jzpfonf/
,ck olMum;ae&aom toHrSm teD;tyg;rS r[kwfaomfvnf; wjznf;jznf; us,favmifvmojzifh
olYzufodkY vmaeonfudk cefYrSef;od&Sdvdkufonf/ csufcsif;yif ajrjyifay:odkY 0yfcsum apmifhqdkif; aevdkufawmh
onf/ olYpdwfxJrS
]]zm;om;csnf; pm;ae&wm NiD;aiGYvmjyD/ tck bmaumifygvdrfh/ orif '&,fqdk&ifawmh odyfaumif;rSmyJ/
zm;om;uae vGwfaumif;yg&JUav}}
xkdpOfrSmyif toHonf ydk us,favmif vmonf/ ydk yDyDoo Mum;vdkufawmhrS vlajcoHrsm; jzpfaerSef;
odvdkufawmhonf/ vufpowfawmh vlwpfpkonf udk,fazmhodkif;ynmjzifh ajy;vTm; vmaejcif; jzpfacsonf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1040
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wum;/
xkdvlpkxJrS vlwpfa,mufu ajymvkdufonf/
]]a[h ... 'Dwpfcg &ufykcRef&JUrdef;rudk zrf;rdxm;wm igwkdYtwGuf odyftusKd;&SdoGm;w,f/ olYudk aumif;
aumif; toHk;cs&wmaygh/}}
xdkpum;ukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYoGm;awmh\/ xdkvlpkudk csufcsif;yif
ckefxGuf&ifqdkif&ef [efjyifvdkufrdonf/ odkYaomf olY "m;ygrvmojzifh Nidrfaevdkuf&onf/
tjcm; wpfa,muf\ pum;oH xGufay:vmjyefonf/
]]'Drdef;r&JU "m;odkif;ynmu odyfacwmr[kwfbl;/ olYudk zrf;zdkY qdkwmu odyfvG,fwm r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,fh
avmavmq,frSm olu orD;aysmuf&SmzdckY snf; pOf;pm;aeawmh ... b,folYudkrSvnf; *krpdkufawmhbl;/
vluvnf; ai;aMumifaMumif jzpfaeNyD/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmrdkY vufzuf&nfMurf; xJrSm igwkdY aq;cwfxm;wmudk
owdrxm;rdyJ wpfcsufxJ armhaomufvkdufwmaygh ...}}
xkdtcg usrS vifh[lcsKH; oabmaygufoGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]vufpowfawmh q&mru vdefvdefaysmufvdkY vdkuf&Smaewmudk;/ vdefvdefaowmudk olrodao;bl;eJY
wlw,f}}
xdkpOf aemuftzdk;BuD; wpfa,mufu ...
]]'Dwpfcgawmh igwkdY&JU aerif;ocif *dkPf;BuD;[m odkif;avmurSm xdwfxdwfBuJ *dkPf;BuD; jzpfvmawmhrmS yJ/
tckqdk&if awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRefukd tusyfudkifNyD; igwdkYeJY yl;aygif;cdkif;&r,f}}
xdkpum;aMumifh olrsm;rSm aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;jzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGm aocsmoGm;
awmhonf/
xdkpOf tjcm;vl wpfa,mufu ...
]]tckqdk&if igwdkYu &ufykcRef&JU rdef;rukd zrf;rdxm;NyD/ &ufykcRefukd axmifacsmufqif zrf;zdkYyJ usefawmh
w,f/}}
aemufwpfa,mufu ar;vdkufonf/
]]b,fvkd axmifacsmufqifrSmvJ}}
yxrvluyif ...
]]&ufykcRefuvnf; olYowif;eJYol 'Dawmifwpf0kdufrSm olYorD;udk ydkufpdyfwkduf &Smaew,f/ 'gaMumifh
igwdkYu 'Dae&muae olYtvmudkapmifhr,f/ olvm&if olYrdef;rudkjyNyD; tusyfudkif&r,f/ olYudk vufeuf
cscdkif;r,f/ aemufNyD;&if *dkPf;csKyfBuD;qD ac:oGm;r,f}}
xdktcg 'kwd, wpfa,mufu ...
]]rif;&JU tBuHu raocsmbl;/ wu,fvdkY &ufykcRefu olYrdef;rudk ta&;rpkduf&if ... rif;b,fES,f vkyfrvJ/
'DaumifBuD;u tifrwefudk &ufpuf aumufuspfwJh aumifBuD;? olYtouftE&m,f pdk;&drfae&&if olYrdef;rudk
vHk;0 ta&;pdkufrSm r[kwfbl;/ tJ'gqdk&if igwkdY tm;vHk; 'kua&mufoGm;vdrfhr,f/}}
usefvltm;vHk; xdkpum;ukd vufcHMu\/ olwdkYtm;vHk;uyif &ufykcRefudk avsmhrwGufMuacs/ xdkYaMumifh
&ufykcRefudk tydkifudkifEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;opfudk aqG;aEG;Mujyef\/
xdkpOf vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]'Dvdkqkd&if igpOf;pm;rdwJh enf;vrf;wpfck &Sdw,f/ wGif;BuD;wpfwGif; wl;vdkuf/ tay:u jrufajcmuf?
opfGufajcmuf? opfudkif;ajcmufawG zHk;xm;vkduf/ NyD;awmhrS &ufykcRef&JUrdef;rudk wGif;ab;em;rS csxm;NyD;awmh
&ufykcRefudk 'Dem;a&mufatmif rQm;ac:r,f/}}
xkdtcg tjcm;vlwpfa,mufu ...
]][m; ... [m; ... rif;&JU tMuH odyfaumif;w,fa[h/ qufajym? qufajym? 'DtMuHtwkdif; vkyfvkduf&if
wdkYvnf; bmrS tE&m,f &SdrSm r[kwfb;l }}
rlvtMuHudk ajymaeolu quf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1041
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&ufykcRef[m olYrdef;r vJusaewmudkawGU&if csufcsif;ajy;vmrSmyJ/ tJovdkajy;vm&if wGif;xJ vdrhfusrSm

yJ/ wGif;xJrSm arhaq;awG jzef;xm;r,f/ olu wGif;xJuae jyefwufzdkYqdk&if twGif;tm; xkwf&rSmyJ/
tJonftcsdefrSm arhaq;awG Ird&if wpfcgwnf; arhoGm;rSmaygh}}
xdktMuHtpnfudk vltm;vHk;u vufckyfvuf0g;wD; oabmwlvdkufMuonf/ xdkYaemuf ,if;tMuHtwkdif;
taumiftxnfazmf&ef wGif;BuD; wpfwGif; wl; arhaq;rsm;ESifh pDrHaeMuawmhonf/
zl;vifrSmrl taMumydwfcH xm;&ojzifh ajray:wGif vJusaeonf/ aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;onf zl;vifudk
wGif;EIwfcrf;eSifh reD;r0;ae&m csxm;vdkufMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ausmuf*lodkYjyef "m;,l&ef pdwful;rdonf/ vif;vif;udkac:cJhNyD; ol\q&mrudk u,fwifcdkif;
rnf[k BuHpnfrdonf/ olrsm;onf aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm; jzpf vif;vif;\ trdefYudkawmh tmcH&JMu
vdrhfrnf r[kwfacs/
xdktcsdefav;wGifyif ta0;rS rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ atmfoHaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm xckefrdrwwf jzpfoGm;
onf/ olomru aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;vnf; wkefvIyf ajcmufjcm;oGm;onf/
xkdtoHrSm vif;vif;\toH jzpfaeaomaMumifhaywnf;/ vif;vif;\atmforH Sm ol&Sd&mzufodkY wjznf;
jznf; eD;vmaeaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm owdjyKrdonf/ ajy;&if;vTm;&if; atmfvmjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
]]tpfudk ... tpfudk ... &ufykcRefu tpfudkYudk vdkufowfaew,f/ tpfudk xGufrvmcJheJY/ tjyifudk vHk;0
xGufrvmcJheJY}}
vif;vif;\ atmfoHaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfajcmufjcm; oGm;awmhonf/ ua,mif
uwrf;jzifh a&Gwfvdkufrdonf/
]]q ... q&mu ighudk bmjzpfvdkY vdkufowf&wmvJ}}
xdkpOf vif;vif;\ atmfoH xGufay:vmjyefonf/
]]tpfudk ... tpfukd ... tpfudk xGufrvmcJheJY/ &ufykcRefu tpfudkYudk owfawmhr,f}}
toHudk Mum;jyD;onfESifh vif;vif;udk awGYvkdufMuawmhonf/ vif;vif;rSm qHyif zdkz&Jjzifh
"m;wpfacsmif;udkif a&SUrS ajy;vmaeonf/ &ufykcRefurl rnfonfhvufeufrQ udkifaqmifxm;jcif;r&SdyJ aemufrS
ajy;vdkufvmonf/
tu,f vif;vif;om aemufxyf ajcvSrf;tenf;i,f ajy;vmrdvQif axmifacsmufjzpfaom wGif;BuD;xJodkY
vdrfhusayawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;a&m? aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;yg vif;vif;twGuf pdk;&drfwBuD;
jzpfae&jcif; jzpfonf/ vif;vif;udk rnfokdY wm;qD;&rSef; rodyJ jzpfaeMuawmh\/
xdkpOf vif;vif;udk &ufykcRefu vQyfwpfjyuf zrf;csKyfvdkufawmhonf/ &ufykcRef\ vIyf&Sm;rIrSm tvGefw&m
vsifjrefvS\/ vif;vif;vufxJrS "m;onfvnf; vGwfus oGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm ykef;uG,faeonfh tjzpfudk
arhavsmhum [pfatmfrdrwwf jzpfoGm;&onf/ vif;vif;url olYtwGuf touftE&m,fudk vHk;0 *krpdkufyJ
ta&;wMuD; atmf[pfjrJ atmf[pfae\/
]]tpfudk ... jrefjrefajy;aemf/ &ufykcRefu tpfuYu
kd dk owfawmhr,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm rsuf&nfrsm; usvmawmhonf/ olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]olu ightwGufyJ pOf;pm;aew,f/ olYtouftE&m,fudk vHk;0 rpOf;pm;bl;}}
xkdtcdkuf vif;vif;\taMumudk &ufykcRefu xdk;ydwfvdkufonf/ vif;vif;rSm ajrMuD;ay:odkY vJusoGm;&
awmh\/ wpfqufwnf;yif ajray:wGif vJusaeaom zl;vifudk &ufykcRefu awGUvdkufonf/
&ufykcRefum; vGefpGm tHhMo csD;usL;zG,faumif;ol wpfa,mufjzpf\/ ab;ywf0ef;usifudk taotcsm
tuJcwf vkdufonf/ zl;vif wpfa,mufwnf; ae&m vJusaeNyD; ywf0ef;usif vlol wpfOD; wpfa,mufrQ
rawGUjcif;onf dk;dk;om;om; r[kwfrSef;udk &ufykcRef odvkdufonf/ tE&m,f\ taiGUtoufudk aumif;pGm
cHpm;ae&ojzifh olYZeD; zl;vifudk csufcsif;ru,fwifyJ ywf0ef;usiftm; pl;prf;vkdufonf/
pl;prf;ae&if;rS &ufykcRefu wif;rmcufxefaom toHjzifh ...
]]vif;vif; .. vifh[lcsKH;u ighorD;udk owfwkef;u rif;vJ ygw,f r[kwfvm;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1042
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm wkefvIyfoGm;awmhonf/

]][if .. b,fvkdjzpf&wmygvdrfh/ bmoufao taxmuftxm;awGrsm; awGUvdkY vdefvdefYudk igowfw,fvdkY
q&mu pGyfpGJ&wmvJ}}
vif;vif;u ...
]]&SifhorD;udk b,fol owfwmvJ/ &Sifu bmjzpfvkdY vifh[lcsKH;udk pGyfpGJae&wmvJ/ &SifhorD;udk owfwmu
vifrdefusuf&iS fh .. vidrdefusuf/ vifh[lcsKH;eJY bmrS rqkdifbl;}}
&ufykcRefu oa&mfjyHK; jyHK;vsuf ...
]]vidrdefusufu ighom;rufyJ/ olwdkYESpfa,mufu tckrS vufxyfNyD;cgp &Sdao;w,f/ vidrdefusufu
ighorD;udk bmaMumifh owfrSmvJ/ ajymprf;ygOD; ... }}
]]bmaMumifh owf&ovJ [kwfvm;/ owfp&m taMumif;&SdvkYad ygh/ tckqdk&if vifrdefusufukd
&Sifh0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; atmufarhaeao;ovm;/ olu tck aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; jzpfoGm;NyD/ aumif;qef;
*dkPf;csKyf usdvifxefeJY aygif;vdkufNyD}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; .. rif; bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ}}
]]bmawG avQmufajym ae&rSmvJ/ trSefawG ajymaewmaygh/ olu usdvifxef&JU ,HkMunfrIudk &zkdY? &SifeJYol
r[m &efolBuD;awG jzpfaMumif; jyzdkY &SifhorD;udk owfjyvdkufwmyJ}}
]][m; .. [m; ... [m; ... tckqdk&if odkif;avmurSm aumif;qef;*dkPf;qdw
k mrS r&Sdawmhwm/ vifrdefusufu
bmjzpfvdkY aumif;qef;*dkPf;eJY yl;aygif;&rSmvJ/ usdvifxefu igh&JU vufatmufcH jzpfoGm;NyDyJ/ 'gudk
vifrdefusufu rodyJaeyghrvm;/ olu ighvdk a,murvJjzpf? awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;vJjzpfwJh vlwpfa,muf
udkcGmjyD; usdvifxef&JUaemufudk vdkufw,fqdkwm [kwfEdkifyghrvm;/ 'DavmurSm 'Davmuf l;wJholaum &Sdygh
rvm;}}
]]'guawmh &SifhoabmyJ/ &Sif ,HkcsifrS ,Hkaygh/ ,HkygvdkYvJ uRefru twif; rwkdufwGef;bl;/ &SifeJY
vifrdefusuf awGU&if tm;vHk; &Sif;oGm;rSmyJ}}
&ufykcRef\ rsufESm kwfw&uf wif;rmoGm;NyD; ...
]]tck igu vifh[lcsKH;udk &Smaewm/ vifh[lcsKH;u ighorD;udk rw&m; tEdkifusifhNyD; owfypfvdkufwm/
odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; odw,f/ rif;u tckrS xdk;Zmwfwpfck qifjyraeprf;eJY/ 'Dvdk Zmwfvrf;rsKd; qifjyaewmu
vifh[lcsKH;udk umuG,frvdkY r[kwfvm;/ r&bl;/ vmNyD;awmh umuG,fraeeJY}}
vif;vif;url r&,fcsifh &,fcsif yHkpHrsKd;jzifh ][ifh} ueJ &,fvkduf\/
quf &ufykcRefu ]]rif;u aerif;ocif *dkPf;cskKyf&JUorD;qdkawmh bmrSrvkyfbl;vdkY tpuawmh pdwful;
xm;wmygyJ/ 'gayr,fh tckawmh rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;/ vifh[lcsKH;udk azmfxkwfEdkifzdkY rif;udk aumif;aumif; ESdyfpuf&
awmhr,f/}}
]]&Sif bmawG avQmufajymaewmvJ/ &SifhorD;aowm vifh[lcsKH;eJY bmqkdifvkdYvJ}}
]][m; .. [m; ... qkdifw,f rqkdifbl;qdkwm 'DaumifeJY rsufESmcsif;qdkifawGUwJhtcg od&rSmaygh/ tck 'Daumif
ykef;aewJh ae&mu xGufvmatmif vkyf&r,f/ rif;&JU vufwpfzufukd t&if jzwfr,f/ jyd;&if aemuf
vufwpfzuf/ aemufxyf ajcaxmufwpfzuf? aemufNyD;&if usefwJh ajcwpfzuf/ rif;&JU 'kuawGudk vifh[lcsKH;
MunhfaeEdkif&if Munhfaeayghav/ [m; ... [m;}}
]]&Sifvkyf&J&if vkyfMunfhaygh/ uRefrudk wpfcsufxd&if uRefr tazu awmif ig;vHk;*dkPf;udk rIefYrIefYnufnuf
aMuoGm;atmif acsypfvkdufvdrfhr,f}}
&ufykcRefu ...
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... rif;u ighudk rvkyf&JyJ tajcmufwdkuf Ncdrf;ajcmufaew,f xifvdkYvm;}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh &ufykcRefu "m;udk qGJxkwfvdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm quf ykef;atmif; raeEdkifawmhyJ ckefxGufvmNyD; atmfajymvku
d fonf/
]]q&m ... q&m ... vif;vif;udk bmrS rvkyfygeJY ... vif;vif;udk vTwv
f dkufyg/ vifh[lcsKH; 'DrSm &Sdygw,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1043
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;uvnf; pdk;&drfwBuD;jzifh atmfvdkufonf/

]]tpfudk ... bmjzpfvdkY xGufvm&ovJ/ olu uRefrudk rxd&Jygbl;/ tpfudkom vGwfatmif ajy;yg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;cg jy&if; teD;odkY wdk; avQmufvmawmhonf/
]]q&m ...}}
&ufykcRefu cufxefpGmjzifh atmf[pf wm;jrpfvkdufonf/
]]acG;rom; ... rif;u ighudk q&mvdkY ac:&Jao;ovm;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u 'l;axmufvdkufjyD; ...
]]q&m ... uRefawmf udsefqdk&if usdef&Jygw,f/ nDrav;vdefvdefudk uRefawmf b,fwkef;urS rw&m;
rESdyfpufcJhzl;ygbl;/ tckvdk owfzdkY qdkwmawmh a0;a&m/ uRefawmf rowf&ygbl;/ wu,fvkdY q&m r,HkvkdY
uRefawmfhudk owfcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf; owfyg}}
vif;vif;u pdwfylyefpGm atmfjyef\/
]]tpfukd .. owdxm;aemf/ olu pdwfodyfrSefwm r[kwfbl;/ a,mufsm; r[kwf? rdef;r r[kwf/ olYrSm
vlpdwfr&Sdawmhbl;/ oleJY pum;awmif rajymoifhawmhbl;/ jrefjrefoGm;yg/ 'Dae&mu jrefjrefxu
G fajy;yg/}}
&ufykcRefu wkefvIyfpGmjzifh ...
]]rif; ... rif; ... bmoabmeJY 'Dpum;awG ajymae&wmvJ}}
]][if; ... bmoabmeJY ajym&rvJ/ &Sifu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk avhusifhzdkYtwGuf udk,fhudk,fudk bmvkyf
xm;rSef; uRefrwkdYrodbl;rsm; atmufarhaevm;/ &Sifu a,mufsm;rS r[kwfawmhyJ/ tpfudk ... wHk;zef;ykudk
rSwfrdao;w,f r[kwfvm;/ olvnf; wHk;zef;ykvdk jzpfaeNyD/ vlaumif;olaumif;pdwf r[kwfawmhb;l / tl;awG}}
vifh[lcsKH; oabmaygufNyD; xGufajy;oGm;ap&ef vif;vif;u today;vdkpdwf jyif;jyae\/ taMumif;
rsm;ukd zGifhajymvdkuf jcif;jzifh &ufykcRefu olr\ toufudk csrf;omay;rnf r[kwfrSef;vnf; odae\/ odkYaomf
olr\toufxuf vifh[lcsKH;\toufudk vif;vif;u ydk wefzdk;xm;&m olraornfhta&;udk vHk;0 rpOf;pm;
awmhacs/
&ufykcRefu at;pufpGmjzifh ar;vdkufonf/
]]rif; ... 'DtaMumif;awGudk b,folYqDu Mum;vm&wmvJ ajymprf;}}
vif;vif;u a'gojzifh atmfvdkufonf/
]]b,fu Mum;&rvJ/ &Sifhoruf vifrdefusufqDu Mum;wmaygh/ [if; ... &Sifu olwkdY&JU rsKd;dk;ydkif bDvl;rD;
"m;okdif;udkcdk;jyD; usifhwmudk olrodbl;vdkYrsm; &Sifu xifaeovm;/ ouFef;udk acsmufBuD;xJudk &SifypfcscJhwkef;u
olu acsmufurf;yg;tpGefu jywif;aygufatmufrSm ykef;aew,f/ 'gaMumifh olYrsKd;dk;tarG ouFef;udk oljyef&
oGm;wmaygh}}
vif;vif;\ pum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg &ufykcRefrSm ausmufkyfBuD; wpfkyfES,f jzpfoGm;avawmh
onf/ vif;vif;u quf ...
]]'gaMumifh olvnf; 'D"m;odkif;udk qufusifhwmyJ/ &SifyJ pOf;pm;MunfhygOD;/ 'D"m;odkif;udk rwwfyJeJY
rkaumif;zkef;eJY &Dcsef;udk b,fvdkvkyf olowfEdkifrSmvJ/ 'D"m;odkif;udkusifhzdkY bmudpawG vkyfcJh&w,fqdkwm
ajymjyrSawmh &Sifvnf; b,fvkdvkyfNyD; 'D"m;odkif;udk usifhcJhovJqdkwm uRefrwkdY odawmhwmaygh/ tpfudk ...
'DvlBuD;&JU toHudk aoaocsmcsm em;axmifMunfhprf;/ rdef;roH aygufaejyD/ olvnf; wkH;zef;ykvdk jzpfaeNyD/
a,mufsm;pdwfaysmufNyD; rdef;rpdwfaygufaeNyD/}}
vifrdefusufEiS fh vdefvdefwdkY jrif;vSnf;ay:wGif ajymcJhaompum;rsm;udk tjynfhtpHk Mum;odcJh&ojzihf
vif;vif;rSm taMumif;rsm;udk *CeP odaecJhonf/ odkY&mwGif vifh[lcsKH;url xdktaMumif;rsm;udk rMum;od
cJh&ay/ xkdYaMumifh ,ckrSyif olru uref;uwef; zGifhajymae&jcif; jzpfawmh\/
&ufykcRef\ rsufvHk;rsm; aoG;qmonfh t&dyfta,mifrsm; ay:vmawmhonf/ olu at;pufpGm
ajymvkduf\/
]]rif;udkig rowfcsifayr,fh tckvdk avQmufajymwJhtwGuf owf&awmhr,f/}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1044
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vif;vif;url &ufykcRefudk vHk;0 *krpdkufacs/ vifh[lcsKH;zufudkom Munfh ...

]]ajy; ... tpfukd .. bmjzpfvkdY &yfaewmvJ/ ajy;awmhav ... ajy;awmh ... ajy;awmh}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf olYq&m\"m;csuf tvGefjrefrSef;od vif;vif;twGuf pdk;&drfrd\/ xkdYaMumifh uref;uwef;
atmfvdkuf\/
]]q&m ... olYudk owf&if uRefawmfhuv
dk nf; owfyg}}
&ufykcRefonf vif;vif;udk owfrnf [efjyifaeqJrS vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;aMumifh wHkYueJ &yfoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;zufoYdk csufcsif;vSnfhvmjyD;
]]bmvJ ... rif;u [dkyJyifaygufvdk Iyf,SufcwfaewJh "m;odkif;udk wwfxm;wmeJY rif;udk,frif;
odyf[kwfaeNyD xifaewmaygh/ ... [kwfvm; ... uJ ... rif;&JU "m;udk ,lvdkufprf;/ rif;taeeJY ausauseyfeyfBuD;
aoap&r,f/}}
]]q&m ... uRefawmf .. q&meJY rNydKifcsifbl;}}
&ufykcRefu us,favmifpGm atmf[pfvdkufonf/
]]a[haumif ... rif;u tckrS bm[efaqmif aewmvJ/ ighudk vla&SUola&SUrSm t&SufcGJcJhwmudk arhaeNyDvm;/
igu rif;udk "m;"m;csif; owfcsifwm ... 'gaMumifh tck rif;udk "m;odkif;eJY tEdik f,lNyD;rS owfr,f}}
&ufykcRefonf pum;udk acwrQ &yfvkdufNyD; vif;vif;udk Munfhvdkuf\/ NyD;rS ...
]]'D .. raumif;qdk;0g;rudkawmh ... t&ifqHk; owfypf&rSmyJ}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh vif;vif;udk "m;jzifh vSr;f ckwfvdkufaawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf vHk;0pOf;pm;raeawmhyJ teD;&Sd ausmufwHk;wpfwHk;udk aumuf,lum &ufykcRef\ OD;acgif;udk
ypfaygufvkdufonf/ wpfqufwnf;yif ol\ udk,fudk vSdrfhcsum ajrBuD;ay:wGif usaeonfh vif;vif;\ "m;udk
aumuf,lvdkuf\/
vufxJodkY "m;a&mufvmonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tm;wufoGm;awmhonf/ "m;&&csif;yif &ufykcRef\
csKdif;atmufodkY xkd;pdkufvdkufawmhonf/ xkdae&monf &ufykcRef\ [muGufjzpfonf/ &ufykcRefrSm ausmufcJudk
a&Smif&onfhtjyif "m;udkyg a&Smifvdkuf&ojzifh vif;vif;ukd rowfEkdifawmhay/
vif;vif;\ toufudk vifh[lcsKH;u vQyfwpfjyuf u,fq,fvdkuf&jcif; jzpfonf/ qufwkdufqdkovdkyif
vifh[lcsKH;u aemufxyfESpfcsuf wkdufcdkufvdkuf\/ qufwkdufyif &ufykcRefrSm aemufzufodkY ajcvSrf;oHk;vSrf;
qkwfay; vdku&f awmhonf/
&ufykcRefrSm txl;yif wkefvIyfoGm;awmh\/
trSefpifppf vifh[lcsKH;\ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;ynmrSm bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;xuf omvGefxufjruf\/
xdkUjyif wHk;zef;ykESifh wkdufcdkuf pOfuxufESifh pmvQif ,cktcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm odkif;ynmwGif trsm;MuD; wdk;wuf
cJhaeNyD jzpfaomaMumifh &ufykcReftm; rQ xdk;ESuf Ekdifjcif;jzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf aemufodkY csufcsif;vSnfh vif;vif;\ taMumudk ajzay;&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/ xkdpOf
vif;vif;u
]]tpfudk ... owdxm; ...}}
"m;a&mif vufueJ jzpfoGm;onf ESifhtwl &ufykcRef\ "m;u a&muf&Sdvmawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf wHk;zef;ykESifh wkdufcdkufjyD;onfhaemufwGif bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk aocsmpGm avhvmcJhonf/
"m;odkif;\ vsKdU0SufcsufrSm ]vsifjrefjcif;} yifjzpfonf/ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;wGif [muGufrsm; &Sdonf/ odkYaomf
jrefqefvGef;ojzihf [muGufudk awGYonfw
h kdif xkd[muGufudk rwdkucf dkufEdkifonfu rsm;onf/
[muGufudk wkdufcdkuf&ef BuHG,fvdkufcsdefwGif [muGufrSvGefajrmufum tjcm;tuGufrsm;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;
jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh jyifqifcsdefwGif rdrdrSm "m;xdk;cHae&jyD; jzpfayrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf &ufykcRef\[muGufudk rapmifhawmhyJ olaoudk,fao wkdufuGufjzifh &ufykcRef\csufudk
"m;jzifhxdk;vdkuf\/ &ufykcRefrSm aemufzufodkY uref;uwef; qkwfvdkuf&onf/ olu kefY&if;Murf;wrf;pGm
atmfqJvdkufao;\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1045
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]&ufpufwJh acG;rom;}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &ufykcRef\csufudk xdk;vdkufjcif;rSm jcdrf;ajcmufonfh oabmrQomjzpfonf/ tu,fom
&ufykcRefu aemufqkwfa&Smifwdrf;jcif; rjyKcJhvQifvnf; vifh[lcsKH;u ol\"m;udk kyfodrf;rnfomjzpfonf/
q&mhtm; &uf&ufpufpuf "m;jzifh xdk;owfvdkonfh pdwfrsKd; vifh[lcsKH;wGif r&Sdacs/
odkYaomf &ufykcRefurl olYpdwfESifh EIdif;um vifh[lcsKH;u olYtm; wu,fyif xkd;owfrnf[k xifrdvdkufojzifh
aemufodkY ckefqkwf a&Smifwdrf; vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
&ufykcRefonf "m;uGufoHk;av;uGufjzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; xdcdkufatmif rwdkufcdkufEdkifaomtcg ol\
"m;odkif;pGrf;&nfudk jrifhwifvkdufonf/ ol\ "m;csufrsm;udk yd
k vsifjrefapvdkufonf/
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm aoG;at;at;jzifh ckcHae rjzpfawmhay/ pdwfudkwif; jyefvSef wkdufckduf&awmh\/
tpyxrwGif olYpdwfxJ olYq&m"m;csufESifh aooGm;vQifvnf; at;onf[kwGufqjyD; taocH&efyif pdwfydkif;
jzwfcJhonf/
odkYaomf aemufydkif;wGifrl vif;vif;udk owd&vmrdonf/ rdrdwpfa,mufwnf;qdkygu aoonfu bmrQ
ta&;rMuD;ay/ odkYaomfvnf; rdrdaoNyD;aemuf &ufykcRefonf vif;vif;tm; &ufpufpGm nif;yef; owfjzwf
ayvdrfhrnf/
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olYq&m &ufykcReftm; owfrnfr[kwf/ odkYaomf olYq&muvnf; olYtm; rowfEdkifatmif BudK;pm;umuG,f
&ayvdrfhrnf/ wGif ol\ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;ynmudk tpGrf;ukef xkwfoHk;avawmhonf/
&ufykcRefuvnf; txl;*kpdkuf wkdufcdkufvmonf/ odkYjzifh wkdufckdufvmMu&if; aemufxyf odkif;uGuf
30 ausmfvmaomtcg &ufykcRef\ "m;uGufrsm;rSm ydkrdkIyfaxG; rsm;jym;vmawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ol\pdwfudk wnfjidrfpGmxm; jyefvnfckcHonf/ olYpdwfudk wdkufyGJtwGif; pl;pdkufvmEdkio
f nf
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jzpf&m wpfzuf&efol\ xdk;ESufwkdufcdkufrIrsm;udk odyo
f nf;uspfvpfpGm ckcHEkdifaom "m;okdif;ynm&yfjzpfonf/
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w&m aumif;rGefvSaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;rGefpGmyif ckcHwkdufcdkufEdkifcJh\/
,cktcsdefwGifrl vifh[lcsKH;\ twGif;tm;omru "m;odkif;ynmyg xdkpOfuxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm omvGef
aumif;rGefaejyD jzpfonf/
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vSojzifh wH;k zef;ykavmuf ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif r&Sdao;ay/ wHk;zef;ykxuf tawmfuav; edrfhusaeayao;onf/
odkif;uGuf wpf&mausmfvmaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk vHk;0 rpOf;pm;awmhay/
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bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;wGif "m;uGuf ckESpfq,fhESpfuGuf&Sd\/ odkYaomf "m;uGuf tajymif;tvJrSm tvGef
axGjym;\/ "m;uGuf wpfuGufcsif;wGif tajymif;tvGJ ESpfq,fausmfcefYpD &SdMu\/ omrefvlom qdkvQif rQ
axGjym;vSaom "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk awGUonfESifh rsufaphIyfum rnfodkYrQ ckcHwkdufcdkuf Edkifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH; wwfajrmufxm;aom ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;ynmrSm &efol\ "m;uGufrsm;udk
Munfh [muGufudk jyefvnfwkdufcdkufEkdifaom odkif;ynm jzpf\/ &efol\ "m;uGuf rnfrQyif IyfaxG;ygap
[muGufuawmh rkcs&Sdae&rnfom jzpfonf/
&Sdaeonfh [muGufudk &SmazGawGU&SdEdkifonf/ awGU&Sdxm;onfh [muGufudk xdk;ESufwkdufcdkuf&ef rdrdpdwfxJwGif
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f nf/
&ufykcRef\ bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk tvGefIyfaxG;onf[k vifh[lcsKH;u xifjrifouJhodkYyif &ufykcRefuvnf;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1046
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;\ "m;odkif;uGufrsm;onf tvGefw&m IyfaxG;rsm;jym;onf[k xifjrif,lqonf/ olwwfajrmuf

xm;aom bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;xufyif ydkrdk IyfaxG;onf[k &ufykcReftzdkY xifjrifaerdonf/
,if;xifjrifcsufrSm taMumif;rJh xifjrifjcif; r[kwfay/ rdrd wkdufcdkufvdkufonfh "m;csufwkdif;? "m;uGuf
wkdif;udk vifh[lcsKH;u "m;uGufrsKd;pHkjzifh vQyfwpfjyuftwGif; tvG,fwul jyefvSef ckcHwkdufcdkuf aeaomaMumifh
jzpfonf/ xdYak Mumifh &ufykcRefrSm aMumufpdwfrsm; 0ifvmawmhonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]'D raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;csKyf&JU orD;u igh&JUvQKdU0SufcsufawGudk odxm;w,f/ 'DaeYom olwkdYESpfa,mufudk
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igtyifyef;cHNyD; BuHpnfvmcJhorQ tm;vHk; oJxJ a&oGef jzpfoGm;NyDaygh/}}
pdwfylyefrIaMumifh ol\ "m;odkif;wGif [muGufrsm;onfxuf rsm;vm avawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;ynm&Sif jzpf &efol\ "g;uGufudk wpfcsuf MunfhvkdufkHESifh
[muGufrsm;udk awGUEkdif\/
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"m;uGufrsm; [muGufrsm; &Sdaeaomfvnf; tvGefw&m vsifjrefvSjcif;aMumifh [muGufr&SdouJhodkY wkdufcdkuf
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onf/
odkYjzifh &ufykcRefESifh wkdufcdkufvmMu&m odkif;uGufaygif; ESpf&mausmfvmawmhonf/ xkdtawmtwGif;
&ufykcRef oHk;aeonfh "m;uGufrsm;rSm xyfcg wvJvJ jzpfaecJhacsjyD/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm &ufykcRef\aysmhuGufudk awGUvm&acsjyD/ &ufykcRefonf bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk avhusifh&mwGif
tydkifEdkifqHk; rjzpfao; "m;uGufrsm; rvHkravmuf jzpfae&onf/ wGif oHk;jyD;om; "m;uGufudk aemufxyf
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onf/
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tzdkYrlum; qdkzG,f&mr&SdjyD/ olwkdY vHk;0 rodaom &efol\ "m;uGufrsm;udk BudKwifcefYrSef;&mwGif odrf;iSufwkdY\
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&ufykcRefu oHk;NyD;om;"m;uGufrsm;udk xyfcgwvJvJ toHk;jyKvmaomtcg olYtzdkY tEkdif&EdkifpGrf; ydkrsm;vm
onf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK;vkdufonf/ xdktjyHK;udk awGYvkdufaomtcg &ufykcRef\&ifxJ xdwfueJ
jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
]]'DacG;aumifu bmjzpfvkdY jyHK;&wmvJ/ taMumif;rJhawmh rNyHK;Edkifbl;/ aoa&;&Sifa&; wkdufyGJxJrSm bmjzpfvkdY
NyHK;&wmvJ/ ighudk tEdkif,lEdkifwJh enf;vrf;udk awGUoGm;vdkY NyHK;wmrsm;vm;}}
&ufykcRefonf xdkokdY awG;&if;ESifh b,fbufvufudk a&SUodkY qefYxkwfvkdufNyD; nmvufudk aemufodkY
tenf;i,f ,dkYvdkufonf/
xdkvIyf&Sm;rIudk awGUonfESifh oloHk;NyD;om; "m;uGufwpfckudk wwd,tBudrftjzpf jyefvnfoHk;awmhrnfrSef;
vifh[lcsKH;u odvdkufawmhonf/ xdkYaMumifh ol\"m;jzifh &ufykcRef\ nmzufcsKdif;atmufudk vifh[lcsKH;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1047
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
BudKwif axmufxm;vkdufonf/ xdkae&monf &ufykcRef\ [muGufjzpfonf/

&ufykcRefrSm "m;uGufrsmudk wpfuGufNyD;wpfuu
G f tvGefvsifjrefpGmjzifh wkdufcdkufae&ojzifh vHk;0 t&Sdef
rowfEdkifacs/ vifh[lcsKH;u ol\ nmzufcsKdif;atmufudk "m;jzifh xkd;vdkufonfudk odvdkufaomfjim; a&Smifwdrf;&ef
tcsdefrrSDawmhacs/ xdktcg &ufykcRef u pl;0g;pGm atmf[pfvdkufawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olYq&m\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvdkufoHudk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg owdjyef0ifvmonf/
wkdufcdkufaeonfh wpfavQmufvHk;rSm olYpdwfudk "m;uGufrsm;wGifom ESpfxm;cJhonf r[kwfygvm;/ ,ckuJhodkY
&ufykcRef\ atmfoHudk Mum;vdkufawmhrS owdjyef0ifvmNyD; ...
]]ig l;aeNyDvm; ... ighq&mudk igu jyefowfwht
J xd rdkufrJawmh rvdkYvm;}}
xdkodkY owd0ifvmonfESihf olu "m;udk a&SUqufrxdk;awmhyJ vrf;ckvwfwGif &yfxm;vdkufonf/
]]uJ ... tIH;tEdkifay:NyD/ cifAsm;udk usKyfrowfcsifygbl;/ usKyf&JU q&mrudk oGm;u,fawmhr,f/ cifAsm;
taESmifht,Suf ray;eJYawmh}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf &ufykcReftm; q&mtjzpf MunfndK av;pm;rIrsm; ysufokOf;cJhNyD jzpf olpdrf;wpfa,muftm;
qufqHyHkrsKd;jzifh qufqHvkdufawmh\/
&ufykcRefrSm rsufESmwpfckvHk; aoG;r&SdawmhyJ olY"m;udk atmufodkY csvdkufonf/
&ufykcRefu "m;udk atmufcsvdkufaomaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u olY"m;udk jyefvnfkwfodrf;um vif;vif;\
tajctaeudk Munhf&ef aemufjyef vSnfhvdkufonf/
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aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm; axmifacsmuf qifxm;aom wGif;BuD;\ tpGef;wpfzufodkY vJusoGm;&onf/
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&ufykcRefonf aumufuspfpOf;vJpGm jyHK;vkduf&if; vifh[lcsKH;udk qufwkduf wkdufcdkuf&ef [efjyifvkdufonf/
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xdkYaMumifh axmifacsmufjzpfaom wGif;BuD;xJodkY ]0kef;} ueJ usoGm;&avawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ol\ b,fbufcg;&Sd "g;'gPf&mudk vufESifhydwf vl;vJxvdkufonf/ xdktcdkuftwefY
av;rSmyif ab;ywfywfvnf ykef;vsKd;aeaom aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm; ajy;xGufvmMuawmhonf/
olwkdYu ajy;xGufvm&if; ]]aerif;orD;awmf uav;}} [k atmf[pfa<u;aMumfvdkufum vif;vif;udk
tdktao jyKvkdufMuonf/
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]]tpfudk ... tpfukd ... bmrS rjzpfygbl;aemf/ tpfudkY'Pf&mu touftE&m,f &SdEdkifvm;[if}}
]][ifhtif; ... toufawmh rxdcdkufEdkifygbl;/ cg;rSm "m;csufwpfcsuf xdoGm;wmyg/ odyfrpkd;&drfygeJY/
'D'Pf&mu rMumcif aysmufoGm;rSmyg/}}
vif;vif;u aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm; zufodkY vSnfh trdefYay;vkdufonf/
]][dk vlqdk;MuD;udk ckwfowfypfvdkuf}}
aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;wpfa,mufu "m;udk udkifajrmufvsuf ...
]][kwfuJh trdefYtwdkif; okwfoifvkdufyghr,f}}
xdktjcif;t&mudk awGUjrifae&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm NidrfraeEdkifawmhyJ uref;uwef; atmfvdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1048
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]rvkyfeJY ... rvkyfeJY}}

vifh[lcsKH;\ oHa,mZOf BuD;rm;vSyHkudk awGU&aom vif;vif;onf oufjyif; wpfcsuf csvdkufrdawmhonf/
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vif;vif;u trdefYudk jyifvkdufonf/
]]aumif;jyD/ olYukd rowfeJYOD;/ jrefjref csKyfxm;vkduf}}
olronf wGif;xJ arhaq;rsm;cwfxm;onfudk rodojzihf &ufykcRef jyefvnf ckefwufvmrnfudk
pdk;&drfonf/ aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;u vif;vif;\trdefYtwdkif; &ufykcRefudk zrf;csKyfvkdufonf/ &ufykcRef
um; arhajrmvsufyif &Sdao;aomfvnf; olYudk vHk;0 avQmhwGufr&ojzifh taMum xkd;ydwfvdkufMuonf/
xdkYtjyif ajcaxmufESifh vufrsm;udkyg BudK;rsm;jzifh taotcsm csnfaESmifxm;vdkufMuonf/ tu,f &ufykcRef
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u rnfonhftcgrQ rw&m;jyKusif
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1049
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vifh[lcsKH; .. rif;rSm [efqef;*dkPf;&JU 'Pf&mvdrf;aq;ygvm;/ 'Daq;u odyftpGrf;xufawmh olYudk

vdrf;&if taumif;qHk;yJ}}
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'Pf&mudk *kwpdkuf vdrf;ay;um zl;vifu aocsmpGm ywfwD;pnf;ay;vkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf i,fpOfuwnf;u zl;viftm; rdcif&if;uJhodkY oabmxm;cJhol jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh zl;vifu
olYtm; om;wpfa,mufuJhodkY MuifempGm *kwpdkuf jyKpkay;ae aomtcg vGefpGm pdwfcsrf;ajrUcJh &awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tm; zl;vifu ...
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]][kwf ... [kwfuJh ... q&mr}}
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]]q&mr ... q&mr}}
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vifh[lcsKH;\ OD;acgif;wGif;wGif rdkufueJjzpfoGm;onf/ olu yg;pyfudk [vdkufonf/ odkYaomf rnfonfh
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jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1050
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vif;vif; ... bmyJajymajym tpfukdYtaeeJYawmh olYudk vHk;0 rowfEdkifygbl;}}

vif;vif;u aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;zufokYd vSrf; atmfvdkufonf/
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uRefrwkdY 'DaeYvdk uHaumif;aerSm r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkY udk,fhq&mqdkwJh tpGJeJY roufnmapcsifbl;}}
]]vif;vif;ajymwm rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DaeY olYudkvTwfvdkufyg/ 'DaeYupNyD; oleJY tpfudkeJY[m
q&mwynfh r[kwfawmhbl;vkdY tpfudkYpdwfxJrSm owfrSwfvdkufyghr,f/ aemufNyD;awmh olY&JU odkif;ynmudkvnf;
tpfudk tm;vHk; avhvmNyD;ygNyD/ aMumufp&m rvdkawmhygbl;/ olu tpfukdYudk xyfNyD; &ef&Smvm&if tpfudk
rnmawmhygbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf &ufykcRefudk rnfonhfenf;ESifhrQ owfrnfr[kwfaMumif; vif;vif; aumif;pGm &dyfrdxm;
onf/ ,ckwpfBudrf awmif;yefaejcif;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ aemufqHk; oHa,mZOfomjzpfaMumif; pdwfcs,HkMunf
onf/ aemifwGif &ufykcRefudk q&mtjzpf owfrSwfawmhrnfh r[kwfaMumif;vnf; tmrcHxm;&m vif;vif;
taejzifh ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1051
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]aumif;NyD/ 'DaeYawmh 'Dvlqdk;BuD; tzdkY odyfuHaumif;oGm;w,f/ tpfudkY rsufESmaMumifh olYtoufudk

csrf;omcGifhay;vdkufr,f/ aygifwm; .. &SifwkdY tm;vHk; odkif;avmuxJrSm ]'DaeY uRefrwdkYu &ufykcRefudk b,fvdk
oufnmNyD; vTwfvdkufw,fqdkwmudk owif;jzefYvdkufyg/ olYodumvnf; tzwfqnfr&atmif usoGm;r,f/
uRefrwkdY&JU pdwfoabmxm; BuD;rm; jrifhjrwfrIudkvnf; odkif;avmuu odoGm;r,f/}}
aygifwm;u ...
]]aumif;ygjyD ... aerif;orD;awmf}}
vif;vif;u Mum;jzwf ...
]]aeOD; ... &ufykcRefu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;usifhzdkYtwGuf a,mufsm;b0 tqHk;cHvdkufwJh taMumif;yg owif;
jzefYvdkuf? tckqdk&if olu a,mufsm;r[kwf? rdef;rr[kwf? eykvdif jzpfoGm;NyD qdkwJh taMumif;yg odkif;avmu
wpfckvHk; odygap/}}
aygifwm;u ...
]]aumif;ygjyD}}
&ufykcRef\ rsufESmrSm vlaoaumiftvm; jzLa&mfae\/ odkYaomf ol\rsufvHk;rsm;rl &ufpufaumufuspf
rnfh t&dyfta,mifrsm; ay:xGufae\/
vif;vif;u ...
]]&ufykcRef ... &SifhrsufvHk;xJu ajymaewJhpum;udk uRefr t"dyg,fjyefMunfhr,f/ &Sif uRefrudk odyfrkef;
aew,f r[kwfvm;/ &Sifrkef;wmudk uRefru *krpdkufbl;/ &Sihu
f dk uRefru aMumuf&rSmvm;}}
ajym&if;jzifh vif;vif;u &ufykcReftm; csnfaESmifxm;aom BudK;rsm;udk ajzay;vkdufNyD; taMumrsm;udk
ajzay;vdkufonf/ yxrqHk;tqifhtjzpfh aemufausm&Sd taMumudk ajzay;vkdufNyD; nmbufvufu &ufykcRef\
yg;pyfudk qkyfudkifvkdufonf/ b,fbufvufurl aemufaphtaMumudk wpfcsufzdvdkufonf/ xdktcg &ufykcRef\
yg;pyf [oGm;awmhonf/ wpfqufwnf; yg;pyfxJodkY aq;vHk;wpfvHk; a&muf&Sdvmonfudk &ufykcRef odvdkuf&
onf/
olu yg;pyfudkydwf&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; aemufusoGm;avNyD/ aq;vHk;u vnfrsKdwGif;odkY a&muf&Sdaeacs
NyD/ xkdpOf vif;vif;u aemufaphudk aemufwpfcsuf xyf zdvdkuf&m &ufykcRef\ vnfrsKdMuGufom;rsm; vIyf&Sm;
oGm;jyefawmhonf/ xkdtcg aq;vHk;rSmvnf; vnfacsmif;xJokdY usa&muf oGm;avawmhonf/
onhfaemufusrS vif;vif;onf &ufykcReftm; wkyfaESmifxm;onfh BudK;tm;vHk;udk ajzay;vkdufNyD;
taMumrsm;udk wpfckcsif; ajzay;vdkufonf/
vif;vif;\ tjyKtrltm;vHk;udk vifh[lcsKH; rjrifawGYacs/ vif;vif;u olYudk,fvHk;jzifh uG,f jyKvkyfaejcif;
aMumifhaywnf;/
xdkYaemuf vif;vif;u avoHwdk;wkd;jzifh ajymvkdufonf/
]]'gu ]OD;aESmufydk;pm; aq;vHk;} yJ}}
&ufykcRef\ xdwfvefY aMumufGHUrIrSm txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;avNyD/ &ufykcRefrSm vif;vif;
xkwfrajymrDuwnf;u olYAdkufxJodkY a&mufoGm;aom aq;vHk;onf raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;\ aMumufp&m
taumif;qHk;? emrnftMuD;qHk;jzpfaom ]OD;aESmufydk;pm; aq;vHk;} jzpf&rnf[k cefYrSef;od&Sdxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
aq;vHk;\ tpGrf;tmedoifudkvnf; a&S;,cifuwnf;u Mum;zl;em;0 &Sdxm;cJhNyD; jzpfonf/
tu,f wpfESpf wpfBudrf ajzaq;raomufvQif aq;vHk;xJrS ydk;aumifu xGufvmNyD; OD;aESmufudk
wjznf;jznf; pm;aomufypfayvdrfhrnf/
xdktcg tonf;cdkufatmif emusifkHrQru pdwfl;aygufum azmufjyefwwfayao;onf/ acG;l;jyefonf
xufyif aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;ayao;onf/ xkdYjyif tqdk;0g;qHk; tcsufrSm xkda0'em cHpm;&aomfjim;
vG,fulpGm raoEkdifjcif;yifjzpfonf/ &ufykcRefrSm wpfukd,fvHk; aZmacR;rsm; jyefvmawmhonf/ olonf
vif;vif;\ vufckyfxJrS a&uJhodkY jzpfoGm;&NyD r[kwfygvm;/
vif;vif;u cg;udkqefY ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1052
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]tpfudk ... olYtaMumawGudk xkd;ydwfxm;wm rsm;vJrsm;w,f ... MumvJ MumNyDqdkawmh ... csufcsif;
ajzay;vkdY rjzpfao;bl;xifw,f/ aemufqHk; taMumESpfckudk cPem;NyD;rS zGifhay;&if aumif;r,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if
olrcHEkdifyJ jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ }}
]]tif; ... aumif;om;yJ ... vif;vif; aumif;r,fxifovdk vkyfyg/ olY toufcsrf;om&m &oGm;&if
NyD;wmygyJ/ vif;vif;udk tpfudk aus;Zl;wifygw,fuG,f}}
vif;vif;u pdwfxJrS jyHK;rd&if; wpfu,
dk fwnf; a&Gwfrdonf/
]]tpfudkYudk nmvdkufrdayr,fh ... tjypfawmh rjzpfwef aumif;ygbl;/ tpfudk aumif;zkdYtwGuf
vkyfvdkuf&wmyJav/ 'D&ufykcRefqdkwJh vlqdk;BuD;[m 'DvdkrS rvky&f ifvJ vHk;0 pdwfcsvdkY &wJh vlrsKd; r[kwfbl;}}
vif;vif;u &ufykcReftm; taMumtm;vHk; csufcsif;ajzray;ao;yJ tcsdefqGJvdkufjcif;rSm wkdufauR;vdkuf
onfh aq;vHk;u &ufykcRef\ 0rf;AdkuftwGif;odkY aumif;pGma&mufNyD; jyeftef rxkwfEdkifap&ef tcsdefapmifh
vdkufjcif;yif jzpfonf/
pdwfcs&avmufjyD[k auseyfaomrS &ufykcRef\ taMumESpfckudk ajzay;vdkufawmhonf/
xkdYaemuf &ufykcRef\ em;em;odkY uyf ...
]]'DESpf ig;vydkif;a&muf&if r[l&m awmifukef;udk vmcJhyg/ &Sifhudk uRefr ajzaq;ay;yghr,f}}
&ufykcRefrSm wpfudk,fvHk; wkef,ifaejyD; ...
]]'g ... 'g ... wu,fh ]OD;aESmufydk;pm; aq;vHk;} [kwfvm;}}
vif;vif;u wcpfcpf&,f&if; ...
]][kwfygw,f/ uRefru &SifhtwGuf trsm;BuD; *kPf,lygw,f/ 'Dvdk aq;vHk;rsKd;u vlwkdif; pm;Ekdifwm
r[kwfbl; odkif;ynm odyfaumif;wJholrS pm;&wm/ aygifwm; ... uRefr ajymwm r[kwfbl;vm;}}
aygifwm;u OD;acgif;udk nTwf&if; jyefajzvkdufonf/
]]odyf[kwfygw,f/ 'Daq;vHk;udk pm;&wJholrS *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU vl,Hkawmf tppfjzpfwmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdpum;rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg wkefvIyfpGm ar;vkdufonf/
]]vif;vif; ... rif; ... rif; ... ighq&mudk ... [dk ... [dk ... ]OD;aESmufydk;pm;} aq;vHk; auR;vdkufw,f ...
[kwfvm;}}
vif;vif;u jyHK; acgif;ndwfjyvdkufonf/
]]uRefru olYudk twif;rauR;ygbl;/ olu qmvGef;vdkY xifyg&JU uRefrqDu twif;,lpm; vdkufwm/
&ufykcRef ... &Sifhudk uRefr owday;vdkufyg&ap/ 'guvnf; &SifhtwGufyg/ uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufom wpfckck
jzpf&ifawmh &SifyJ 'kua&mufvdrfhr,f/ uRefrwdkYESpfa,muf ab;uif;av/ &Sif touf&SnfavygyJ ...}}
,cktcg &ufykcRefrSm tBuD;tus,f a'goxGufaeavNyD/ odkYaomf olYa'goonf qifjcifww
Hk &m;udk
zHk;vTrf; roGm;ao;ay/ olu taotcsm pOf;pm;vkdufonf/
]][kwfw,f/ 'Daumifr&JU pum;awGu owfcsifp&m aumif;vSayr,fh trSefw&m;awGyJ/ 'Daumifrom
wpfckckjzpf&if igyJ 'kua&mufrSm ... r[l&mawmifukef;udkoGm;NyD; b,folYqDu ajzaq; awmif;&rSmvJ/
oluvGJ&if ighudk ajzaq;ay;r,fhol &SdrSm r[kwfbl;}}
xdkodkY pOf;pm;rd jyefaomtcg taMumufw&m;u olYtm; zHk;vTrf;vmjyef\/
vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif; wpfcsuf Idufvdkufrdonf/ vif;vif;onf raumif;qkd;0g;*dkPf;rS jzpfae
udpwpfckudk aqmifGufNyDqdkvQif OmPfeDOmPfeuf trsKd;rsKd;oHk;wwfonfrSm rSef\/ odkYaomf ,ckudpwGif rdrd\
tusKdk;udk arQmfudk; oHk;vkdufjcif; jzpfae&m olrtm; tjypfwif& cufaeawmh\/
vif;vif;u aygifwm;tm; ...
]]r[l&m awmifukef;udk csufcsif;jyefyg/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;qDudk tjrefqHk; owif;ydkYyg/ awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;csKyf
&ufykcRef[m uRefrwdkY&JU aerif;ocif *dkPf;xJudk 0ifvdkufNyDvdkY/ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU aq;vHk;udkvnf; olYzmom
,lpm;vdkufwJh taMumif;udkyg xnfhNyD; tpD&ifcHvdkufyg/ ... uRefrwdkY*dkPf;udk olb,fawmhrS opmrazmufawmh
ygbl;}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1053
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aygifwm;u 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...

]]aerif; orD;awmfuav; ulnDwmu usKyfwkdYcsnf; aqmifGufwm xufawmif ydkaumif;oGmao;w,f/
*dkPf;csKyfBuD;uawmh odyfoabmusoGm;rSmyJ ... &ufykcRefvkdvlrsKd; usKyfwkdY*dkPf;om; jzpfoGm;wmuawmh
odkif;avmuwpfckvHk; tkef;tkef;uRufuRuf jzpfoGm;p&myJ/ [m; ... [m; }}
vif;vif;u ...
]]tif; ... &SifajymrS uRefrvnf; owd&rdawmhw,f/ tck &ufykcRefu uRefrwdkY *dkPf;xJ 0ifvkdufNyDqdkawmh
olY&JUemrnf *kPfodumudk xdcdkufEkdifr,fh owif;awG odkif;avmuxJjyefYvYdk b,fjzpfawmhrvJ .. . olodumus
&if uRefrwdkY*dkPf;vJ odumusoGm;rSmaygh/ 'Dawmh ckeu uRefr jzefYcdkif;xm;wJh owif;awGudk rjzefYeJYawmh/
uRefrwdkYaq;vHk;udk aomufvdkufwmudkvJ tjyifvlawG vHk;0rodapeJ/Y &ufykcRefu odkif;ynmvnf; awmfw,f/
OmPf&nfvnf; aumif;w,f/ 'Dawmh *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u olYudk aumif;aumif; toHk;csvdrfhr,f/ aerif;ocif
*dkPf;BuD;twGuf wpfwyfwpftm; wkd;vmwmayghav/}}
aygifwm;uvnf; vif;vif;\ tpDtpOfrsm;udk oifhavsmfvSaMumif; acgif;ndwfjy vufcHvkduo
f nf/
rsufESmi,fav;jzifh [dkMunfhonfMunfh jzpfaeaom &ufykcRefudk Munfh vifh[lcsKH;u tvGefw&m
pdwfraumif; jzpfrdonf/
onfvlonf rdrdtm; emrnfysufap&ef? *kPfodum rJhap&ef tBudrfBudrf tzefzef jyKvkyfcJhol jzpf\/
rnfodkYyifjzpfap onfvlonf rdrdtm; i,fpOfuwnf;u auR;arG; apmifha&SmufcJhol jzpf\/ rdrd\ q&m
jzpfcJh\/ xkdYaMumifh i,fpOfuwnf;uyif zcifwpfa,mufyrm dkaoav;pm;cJhonf/
odkYaomf ,ckawmh wpfa,mufESifh wpfa,muf NidK;ol &efzufBuD;rsm; jzpfcJhMu&ayNyD/ rdrdu quf
tNidK;rxm;awmhaomfvnf; onfvl\ pdwftBuHurdk l rnfodkYrQ rodEdkifacs/ xdkYaMumifh onfvlESifh ywfoufvm
vQif vGefpGm owd0D&d, xm;&ayawmhrnf/
xkdpOf aygifwm;wdkY vlpku xGufcGmoGm;awmh\/
&ufykcRefrSmrl tdyf&mu Edk;xvmolyrm ai;aMumifaMumif &yfaerdawmhonf/
vif;vif;u ]]&ufykcRef ... &Sif oGm;vdk&m oGm;EkdifygNyD ... &SifhZeD;&JU tavmif;udk jyef,loGm;NyD;
0gqef;awmifrSmyJ jrKyfESHrSmvm;}}
]][ifhtif; ... igr,lawmhbl;/ rif;wkdYESpfa,mufyJ MunfhNyD; pDpOfvu
dk fygawmh}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh vSnfhxGufoGm;awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYrSm wpfa,mufrsufESmudk wpfa,muf pdkufMunfhvkdufrdonf/ apmapmu
tjzpftysufrsm;u wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; toufay; cspfcJhMuonfh oufaorsm;udk azmfjycJhNyD;jzpf wpfOD; tay:
wpfOD; arwmydk wkd;vmrdMuawmhonf/
vif;vif;u vifh[lcsKH;\ &ifcGifxJodkY ajy;0ifvdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u MunfEl; ESpfodrfhpGmjzifh olr\
cEmudk,fav;tm; ayGYzufxm;vdkufrdawmhonf/
naeapmif;aomtcg zl;vif\tavmif;udk vdefvdef\ ajryHkab;wGifyif usif;wl; jrKyfESHvdkufMuonf/
olYtm; vGefpGmem;vnfvSonfh auR;ordcifwpfa,muf wrvGefb0 at;Nidrf;csrf;ajrUap&ef vifh[lcsKH;onf
bk&m;&Sdcdk;um qkawmif;vdkufonf/
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf ...
vif;vif;u ]]tpfudkY'Pf&mu b,fvdkaeao;vJ ... oufom&JUvm;}}
]]oufomygw,f/ tpfudk a&SmifwmjrefoGm;awmh 'Pf&mu odyfrBuD;bl;aygh/ pdwfrylygeJY}}
]]'Dvdkqdk&if uRefrwdkY 'Dae&mrSm oHk;av;&ufyJ aeoifhawmhw,f/ wpfjcm;ukd ae&majymif;rS jzpfawmhr,f/
'Dae&mudk vlawG awmfawmfodukefNyD r[kwfvm;/
]]aumif;w,f/ tpfudkvnf; 'Dae&mrSm odyfraecsifawmhbl;}}
pum;qHk;onfESifh oufjyif;&SnfBuD; wpfcsufcs&if; vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]vif;vif; ... tpfudkY&JUq&m &ufykcRef[m t&ifuqdk odyfjyD; ajzmifhrwfwnfMunfwJholyg/ tckawmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1054
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk usifhNyD;wmeJY wpfcgwnf; pdwfajymif;oGm;awmhwmyJ ... wpfu,fhudk r,HkEkdifp&myJ/ awmfawmf

aMumufp&maumif;wJh bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;yJ}}
]][kwfw,f/ tpfudkajymwm odyfrSefw,f/ 'D"m;odkif;&JU emrnfudku b,favmufaMumufp&m aumif;ovJ/
ynwfoGm;&m "gwfoufyg qdkwm 'grsKd;yJ jzpfvdrfhr,f/ 'D"m;odkif; wwfxm;wJhol[m bDvl;pdwf 0ifoGm;ovdkyJ/
vlwpfa,muf tjzpfuae wpfcgwnf; bDvl;b0 ajymif;oGm;awmhwmyJ/ aemufqHk;usawmhvnf; 'D"m;odkif;
avhusifhwo
Jh lawGudk b0qHk;atmif 'D"m;odkif;uyJ zsufqD;vdkufwmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYonf xkdausmuf*lxJwGif &uftenf;i,f quf aexdkifMuao;\/ vifh[lcsKH;\
cg; &xm;onfh 'gPf&m tawmftwef oufomoGm;rS xdkae&mrS xGufcGmvmMuawmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1055
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
[efqef;awmifodkY
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYonf olwdkY\rsufESmudk tjcm;olrsm; rodEdkifatmif kyfzsufvdkufMuNyD;
[efqef;awmifodkY jyefvmMu\/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; twGuf vGefpGm pdwfylrdonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;ae&mwGif toifhavsmfqHk;ol wpfa,muftm; aG;cs,fcefYxm;jyD; rdrdurl
vif;vif;ESifh vGwfvyfpGm oGm;vmaexkdif&ef pdwfydkif;jzwfNyD; jzpfayonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pnf;urf;uvem; tcsKyftaESmifrsm;jzifh vHk;0tap;ruyfoljzpf *dkPf;csKyfBuD;ae&mESihf vHk;0
xkdufwefol r[kwfaMumif; olYudk,fol odaerdonf/ xdkYaMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; ae&mwGif
wpfoufvHk;ae&ef tpOD;uwnf;u pdwful;r&SdcJhay/
naeapmif;wGif wnf;cdkcef;wpfckodkY a&muf&SdvmMuNyD; vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYESpfa,mufom; tem;,l
Muonf/
n oef;acgif,HodkY a&mufaomtcg tjcm;tcef;wpfckrS vlwpfpk\ jiif;ckHaeoHudk vifh[lcsKH; Mum;vdkufrd
\/ xkdolrsm;\ toHrSm rsm;pGm us,favmifvSonf r[kwfaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;\ twGif;tm;rSm
aumif;rGefvSojzifh xGif;azmuf Mum;Ekid fjcif;jzpfonf/
yxrwGif pdwfr0ifpm;vSaomfvnf; Mum;vdkuf&onfh pum;wpfcGef;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY vGefpGm
pdwf0ifpm; p&mjzpfoGm;&onf/ ,if;um; ][efqef;*dkPf;} [laom wD;wkd;pum;oHyifwnf;/
xdkpum;udk Mum;vdkufonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm tdyf&may:rS xxdkifvdkufrdonf/ xkdvlwpfpkonf
[efqef;*dkPf;ESifh ywfouf rnfonfwkdYudk vQKdU0SufpGm MuHpnfaeoenf; qdkaom ar;cGef;uvnf; pdwfxJ
a&mufvmawmhonf/
vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]igwdkY [efqef;*dkPf;rSm tawmfMum aevmcJhzl;wmyJ/ 'DuaeY igwkdYu [efqef;*dkPf;udk jyefoGm;jyD;
wkdufcdkufr,fqdk&if vifh[lcsKH;udk b,fvdk rsufESmoGm;jy&awmhrSmvJ}}
xkdpum;ukd Mum;vkduf&aomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f wkefvyI foGm;awmhonf/ pdwfxJrSvnf; ...
]]olwdkYwpfawG[m [efqef;*dkPf;rSm aezl;w,fqdkawmh vif;vif;ac:vmwJh vlawGyJjzpfrSmyJ/ olwdkYu
bmjzpfvdkY [efqef;*dkPf;udk wkdufcdkufrSmvJ/ olwdkYeJY [efqef;*dkPf; bmrsm; &efNidK;&SdvdkYvJ}}
xkdtcdkuf aemufwpfa,mufu ...
]]usef;zl; ... rif;u rdef;r usaewmyJ/ igwdkYu [efqef;awmifrSm aezl;ayr,fh [efqef;*dkPf;om;rS
r[kwfwm/ vifh[lcsKH;u igwkdYeJY bm&efNidK;rSr&Sdbl;/ bmrSvnf; rywfoufbl;/ igwkdYu olYudk csD;ajrmufae&
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1056
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
wm/ EdkYr[kwf&if oleJY igwdkYMum;rSm bmrS axmufxm;p&m taMumif;r&Sdbl;}}

tjcm; wpfa,mufu ...
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f/ tck q&mBuD;&ufykcRefu 'Dudp NyD;jywfatmifjrifoGm;&if igwdkY ckESpfa,muf
ukd bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; oifay;r,fwJh/ wkdYvkyfaqmif&rSmeJY wkdYtwGuf csD;jrifhwJhwefzdk;u xdkufwefygw,fuG/
&ufykcRefu odkif;avmurSm ]opm&Sif"m;} vdkY emrnf&xm;wJhvlyJ/ olajymNyD;wJhpum;udk b,fawmhrS zsufrSm
r[kwfbl;/ tifrwef uwdwnfwJhvluG}}
odkYaomf usef;zl;qkdaom vlu b0ifus[ef rwlacs/ olu ...
]]&ufykcRefudk iguawmh vHk;0 t,HktMunfr&Sdbl;/ 'Dvlu aMumifolawmfyJ/ OmPfeDOmPfeufrsm;wJh
ae&mrSm olYtjyif ESpfa,mufr&Sdbl;/ tck [efqef;*dkPf;u q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muf a&Smifvifausmif;ay:rSm
towfcH&wJhudprSm tckxufxd w&m;cH ray:ao;bl;vdkY ajymaeMuayr,fh [efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&SifawGu
awmh &ufykcRefudk wyftyfpGyfpGJaeMuNyD}}
yxr wpfa,mufu jyefar;onf/
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]][kwfygw,fuGm ... igu r[kwfyJeJY ajymyghrvm;/ tJ'gawGukd &ufykcRefu odw,fuG/ 'gaMumifh
bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk ig;pm;jyNyD;awmh [efqef;*dkPf;udk zsufcdkif;wm ... rif;wdkY wpfckyJ pOf;pm;Munfhprf;/ igwdkY
ckESpfa,mufxJeJY [efqef;*dkPf;udk zsufqD;Ekdifyghrvm; ... xm;ygav/ igwkdY atmifjrifw,fyJ xm;ygawmh/ olu
igwdkYudk olY&JUbDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk wu,foifay;yghrvm;/ ighpdwfxJrSmawmh ol[m igwdkYudk bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;awmh
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usef;zl;\ pum;onf tawmfuav; xda&mufoGm;onf/ xkdoltm;vHk; awGa0 oGm;Mu[efwlonf/
olwdkYxHrS rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&awmhyJ&Sdae\/ vifh[lcsKH;onfvnf; xdkolrsm;xHodkY pdwftmkH ra&mufEdkifawmh
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]][efqef;*dP
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ajym&wmvJ/ bmoufao taxmuftxm;awG &SdvkdYvJ}}
OD;aESmufajcmufrwwf pOf;pm;aomfvnf; rnfodkYrQ pOf;pm;r&acs/ wpfzufcef;rS vsKdU0Suf MuHpnfolrsm;
xHrSvnf; rnfonfhpum;oHrQ rMum;&awmh/ [efqef;*dkPf;odkY oGm;a&muf wkdufckduf&ef tMuHtpnfudk tm;vHk;
oabmwl y,fzsufvkdufMu[efwlonf/ xdpk Of vifh[lcsKH;rSm ][m} ueJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/ olYpdwfxJwiG f
]]bmjzpfvkdY 'Dtcsufudk ig rpOf;pm;rd&wmvJ/ tapmBuD;uwnf;u 'Dvkd pOf;pm;rdzkdY aumif;w,f/ ig
rpOf;pm;rdayr,fh [efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&SifawGu pOf;pm;rdMurSmaygh/ ig[m w,fEkH? w,f ]t} ygvm;/
'gudk wpfcsdefvHk; rpOf;pm;rdcJhbl;}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf olYpdwfudk twnfNidrfqHk;xm; pOf;pm;aerdawmh\/ a&Smifvifbk&m;ausmif;xJodkY 0ifa&muf
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OD;acgif;rsm;wGif rnfonfh vufeufESifh aoonf[laom 'gPf&mudk rawGU&aomfvnf; &if0rsm; ao;i,faom
tyfpdkuf&mav;rsm; &SdaeaMumif;wkdYudk od&SdcJh&\/ wifh&Sef q&mrBuD;udk xkd;pdkufvkdufaom tyfcsufrSm tenf;i,f
wdrf;apmif;oGm;ojzifh ESvHk;udk wdkufdkufrxdyJ jzpfoGm;onf/ xkdpOfu vifh[lcsKH;onf q&mrBuD; ESpfa,muf
twGuf vufpm;acsay;rnf[k uwdopm usdefqdkcJhao;\/
xdktcsufrsm;udk wjznf;jznf; jyefpOf;pm;rdaomtcgwGif vifh[lcsKH;rSm wpfudk,fvHk; wkef,ifvmawmh\/
olYpdwfxJwGif wD;wdk;aGwfaerdonfrSm ...
]]tJ'D tcsdefwkef;u wHk;zef;yk[m r[l&mawmifukef;&JU vQKdU0Sufajratmufcef;xJrSm &SdaecJhwmyJ/ 'Dawmh
q&mrBuD;ESpfa,mufudk owfwJhol[m wHk;zef;yk rjzpfEdkifawmhbl; ... aemufNyD;awmh 'Dvdktyfacsmif;eJY vlowfEdkif
wJhvl[m bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; wwfwJholyJ jzpf&r,fqdkawmh b,folawG jzpfEkdifao;vJ ... usdvifxefawmh
b,fenf;eJYrS rjzpfEdkifbl;/ usdvifxefu bDvl;rD;"m;okdif; twkBuD;udkom wwfxm;wJhvl jzpfaewmudk; ...}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1057
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u awG;&if; awG;&if; MuufoD; wjzef;jzef; xvmrdawmh\/ odkYaomf quf awG;vkdufonf/

]]usdvifxefudk z,fvkduf&if vifrdefusufeYJ q&mwkdYESpfa,mufyJ usefw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'D tcsdefavmufu
vifrdefusuf[m bDvl;rD;"m;okdif;udk avhusifhcgpyJ jzpfvdrfhOD;r,f}}
xdktcsdefwGif vifh[lcsKH;\ ezl;rS acR;wpfaygufayguf usvmavawmh\/ olYtaejzifh taotcsm
odvdkufavNyD/ q&mrBuD;ESpfa,mufudk tyfacsmif;jzifh xkd;azmufwu
kd fcdkuf owfvkdufaomolrSm olYq&m
&ufykcRefrSvGJ tjcm; rnfolrQ rjzpfEkdifawmh/ olYq&momvQif jzpfEkdifawmhonf/
&ufykcRefonf tvGef vQKdU0Suf zHk;uG,fEkdifol jzpfonf/ *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; vkyfEkdif&eftwGuf
tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&S;rqGuwnf;u BudKwifpDpOfcJhonf/ usdvifxef pDpOfonfxufyif &ufykcRefu ydk
apmaumif; apmayvdrfhrnf/
avmifwufudk aumif;qef;*dkPf;\ olvQKdrSef; odaomfvnf; q,fESpfausmftxd rodcsif[efaqmif
aecJhonf/ aemufqHk; avmifwufu bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;udk cdk;,loGm;Edkif&ef tuGufqifay;xm;cJhonf/ avmifwuf
uvnf; &ufykcRef\ nTwfuGif;wGif tpif;om;rdum &ufykcRefu cdk;,lapcsifaom bDvl;rD;"m;odkif; twkBuD;udk
cdk;,loGm;awmh\/
xdky&d,m,f\ tusKd;quftjzpf *dkPf;BuD;ig;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD;vkyGJwGif usdvifxef\ rsufvHk;udk
&ufykcRefu tvG,fwul xdk;azmuf tEdki,
f lEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfavawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdtcsufrsm;udk pOf;pm;rdonfESifh olYtawG;xJwGif ...
]]tif; w,fcufygvm;/ q&mu ightay: b,favmufyJ raumif;cJh? raumif;cJh/ ighudk i,fi,fuav;
wnf;u auR;arG;jyKpk okwfoifay;cJhwJh aus;Zl;awG &SdaecJhw,f/ 'Dawmh olYudk b,fvdkvkyf igu owfEkdifawmh
rvJ/ 'gayr,fh [efqef;*dkPf;om;awGu olYudk uvJhpm;acsr,fqdk&ifawmh ightaeeJY olwdkYukd wm;jrpfydkifcGifh
r&Sdbl;/ tif; ... q&mh&JU odkif;ynmu b,favmuf aMumufp&m aumif;ovJ/ olYudk [efqef;*dkPf;om;awGu
b,fvkd,SOfEkid frSmvJ/ bmawG jzpfvmOD;rvJ rodawmhygbl;av}}
odkYaomf tcsufwpfcsufudk csufcsif;owd&vdkufojzifh ]qwf} ueJ jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/ olYtaejzihf
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;u olYq&mtm; vufpm;acsEdkifpGrf; &Sdr&Sdudkom pOf;pm;aecJhrdonf/ olYq&mu [efqef;
*dkPf;tm; zsufqD;&ef vQKdU0SufMuHpnfaeonf qdkonfh tcsufudk vHk;0 arhavsmhaerdonf/
,ckrS kwfjcnf; owd&vdkufojzifh wpfzufcef; tdyfaeaom vif;vif;tm; EId;vsuf taMumif;pHk &Sif;jy
vdkufawmh\/ xdktcg vif;vif;uvnf; [efqef;*dkPf;odkY csufcsif;oGm;&ef oabmwlaomaMumifh tmkPfwuf
onfh tcsdefxdyif apmifhraeEdkifawmhyJ txkyf wpfxkyfpDxrf; pwif c&D;xGufMuawmhonf/
odkY c&D;jyif;ESifMujcif;aMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;&Sd&modkY rMumrDyif a&muf&SdvmMuawmhonf/ okdYaomf
[efqef;awmifwGif wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ rawGU&yJ jzpfaeonf/
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jyefYBuJvsuf &Sdaeonf/ "m;rsm;onfvnf; ae&mtESHY jyefYBuJae\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vGefpGm pdk;&drf xdwfvefYoGm;onf/ odkYaomf wpfcsuf oufom&m&onfrSm aoG;uGufrsm; vHk;0
rawGY&jcif;yif jzpf\/ rnfolrQ 'gPf&m&[ef rwlacs/
[efqef;awmifESifh rsufESmcsif;qdkifjzpfaom awmifukef;odkYvnf; oGm;a&muf ppfaq;Munfhrdonf/
xkdawmifukef;wGif vltawmfrsm;rsm; aecJhonfhvuPmrsm;udk awGY&onf/ yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm; jyefYBuJ
aeaom t&uftdk;rsm;udkvnf; tESHYtjym; awGY&\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm t&uftvGefBudKufol jzpfaomfvnf; ,cktcsdefrsKd;rl vHk;0 t&ufaomufcsifpdwf r&Sdawmhay/
olYpdwfxJwGif [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; twGuo
f m ylyefaerdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]vif;vif; ... igwdkY awmifajcudk tjrefqHk;jyefqif;Mu&atmif ... wpfckckpm;NyD;wmeJY c&D;qufr,f/
[efqef; *dP
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odkYjzifh ESpfa,mufom; awmifajcodkY a&mufvmMuum awmifajc&Sd xrif;qdkifav; wpfqkdifwGif
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1058
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0ifxdkufMuav\/ xkt
d cdkufrSmyif tawmftwef vSrf;onfhae&mrS c&moH wpfrsKd;ukd Mum;vkduf&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;u xdkc&moHudk trIrxm;vkdufrdaomfvnf; vif;vif;url aumif;pGmodonf/ taMumif;rSm
,if;onf aerif;ocif*dkPf;om;rsm; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; tcsufay;onfhtcg toHk;jyKonfh c&moH jzpfayaom
aMumifhwnf;/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;udkqGJ vif;vif;u c&moHMum;&mt&yfodkY ajy;vTm; oGm;avawmh\/ xkdtcdkufrSmyif
cyfvSrf;vSrf;rS vlwpfa,muf ajy;vmonfudk awGUvdkuf&\/ xdkvlu vif;vif;wkdYESifh yufyif;yg wkd;rdaomtcg
kwfw&uf aMumifoGm;\ jyD;rS ...
]]aerif; orD;awmfuav; ... aeaumif; ygw,faemf}}
vif;vif;u acgif;ukd wpfcsuf ndwfjyvdkuf\/ xdkpOfrSmyif aemufxyf vlwpfa,mufuvnf; ab;bufrS
ajy;vmjyefonf/ xkdolonfvnf; vif;vif;udk awGYvkdufonfESifh csufcsif; ajcvSrf;udk &yfum vif;vif;udk
tdktao ay;jyefawmhonf/
]]aerif; orD;awmfuav; ... oufawmf &mausmf &Snfygap}}
vif;vif;onf xdkvludkrl aumif;pGm od[efwl\/
]]csefzef ... &SifwdYk bmjzpfvkdY 'Dudk a&mufaeMu&wmvJ}}
csefzefqdkolu ...
]]*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&JU trdefYt& uRefawmfwdkY taeeJY 'DrSm vmpHkprf; ae&wmyg/ &dusKH; ... rif; bmowif;rsm;
&cJhovJ}}
&dusKH;qkdolu ...
]][kwfuJh q&mBuD;/ uRefawmf &cJhwJh owif;wpfckuawmh aumif;qef;*dkPf;u usdvifxef&JUom; usdaz&if;
acgif;aqmifwJh aumif;qef;*dkPf;om; vlwpf&mausmfavmuf 0gqef;awmifzuf xGufoGm;Muwm awGUvdkufyg
w,f}}
csefzefu ...
]]aMomf ... olwYdk wpfu,fyJ 0gqef;awmifudk oGm;Muwmudk; ...}}
xkdtcg vif;vif;Mum;jzwfar;vkdufojzifh csefzefu ...
]]uRefawmfwkdY *dkPf;csKyfBuD;u owif;wpfck &xm;ygw,f/ awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRef[m
olY*dkPf;om;awGtm;vHk; 0gqef;awmifudk vmMuzkdY trdefYay;xm;w,fqdkwJh owif;ygyJ/ 'DtpDtpOf[m
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tck aumif;qef;*dkPf;om;awG vIyf&Sm;aeyHkrsKd;eJYqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY*P
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trdefYudk vifh[lcsKH;u bmjzpfvkdY r&ovJ}}
csefzefu ...
]]uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY xdkufqef;*dkPf;eJY csKHqef;*dkPf;u vlawGtm;vHk; 0gqef;awmifzuf xGufoGm; MuNyD
vkdYawmh owif;&xm;NyD;ygNyD/ [efqef;*dkPf;uawmh vHk;0 rvIyf&Sm;ao;bl;/ 'gaMumifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;awG&JU
vIyf&Sm;rIudk apmifhMunfhcdkif; xm;wJh uRefawmfwdkY&JUvl jyeftvmudk apmifhaeMuwmyg/ oljyefvm&ifawmh
tm;vHk;udk taMumif;pHk od&rSmygyJ ...}}
xdktcg vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJ ]][efqef;*dkPf;om;awGudk zrf;oGm;wm &ufykcRefyJvm;/ 'grSr[kwf q&mBuD;
vif;&SifyJvm;/ q&mBuD; vif;&Sif zrf;oGm;wmudk zHk;uG,f&atmif 'D csefzef;qdkwJh vlu [efaqmifNyD; ajymaewm
rsm;vm;}}
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f & aqmifGuf&wmyg}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1059
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK; jyefajymvdkufonf/

]]udpr&Sdygbl;/ ... usKyfu vif;vif;eJY rMumcif vufxyfawmhrSmyJ}}
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tmar#dwfoH av;yif xGufoGm;onf/ vif[
h lcsKH;\ pum;udk jiif;awmh rjiif;acs/
vifh[lcsKH;u quf ...
]]cifAsm; taeeJY usKyfa,murBuD;&JU trdefYt& vkyf&wmqdkawmh usKyfu b,fvdkvkyfNyD; tjypfwif
EkdifawmhrSmvJ}}
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]]q&mav; ... q&mav;eJY aerif;orD;awmf uav;wkdY twGuf ckuwnf;u qkawmif;ywem jyKvdkufyg
w,f}}
vif;vif;rSm rnfonfhpum;rQ ajymrxGufawmhyJ jidrfoufpGm em;axmifaeawmhonf/
csefzefu ]]vuf0J&HBuD; &SefY0efYxif;u uRefawmfwdkYudk taotcsm rSmMum;xm;ygw,f/ [efqef;
*dkPf;om;awGeYJ awGY&if dkif;dkif;ysys rqufqH&bl;/ owif;om&atmif pHkprf;&r,f/ bmrS cdkuf&ef rjzpfyGm;&bl;
vdkY twefwef rSmMum;vdkufygw,f}}
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awGY&if cdkuf&efrjzpfatmif aecdkif;wmu &SifwkdY&JU tusKd;udkMunfhjyD; tajrmftjrifMuD;pGmeJY rSmvdkufwm&Sifh/ tJ'gudk
em;vnfMuvm;}}
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EIwfqufvkdufonf/ vefzkef;zkef;u vifh[lcsKH;tem; a&mufvmaomtcg ...
]]tpfudkMuD; ... aeaumif;w,faemf}}
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]]aerif;orD;awmfuav; ... uRefawmfwkdY tck avmavmq,f bmvkyf&rvJ qdkwm trdefY&Sdyg/}}
]]uRefrtaeeJY bmrS trdefYay;p&m r&Sdygbl;/ &SifwkdYudk *dkPf;csKyfMuD;u tptqHk; b,fvdk aqmif Guf&r,f
qkdwm tpDtpOf csay;vkdufrSmaygh/ *dkPf;csKyfMuD;rSmwJh twkdif;om qufvkyfyg}}
xdktcg csefzefwkdYESpfa,muf xGufoGm;Muawmh\/ vefzkef;zkef;u xkdaomtcgrS ...
]]tpfudkMuD; wdkY&JU [efqef;*dkPf;u r,foDv&SifawGudk wpfjcm;olawG zrf;oGm;wm oGm;ru,fMuao;bl;
vm;}}
]][kwfvm; ... igvnf; wpfvrf;vHk; pHkprf;vmwmyJ/ bmrS rawGU&ao;bl/ oJvGefp rawGU&awmh b,frSm
oGm;u,f&rSmvJ ...}}
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]]bm ... igh*P
dk f;om;awGudk 0gqef;*dkPf;u zrf;oGm;w,f ... [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f ... 0gqef;*dkPf;u zrf;oGm;wm ... uRefrwdkYu vif;vif;taz&JU trdefYt& [efqef;*dkPf;&JU
tajctaeudk apmifhMunfhaewmyg/ tm;vHk;u [efqef;*dkPf;&JU rsufESmcsif;qkdif awmifukef;rSmyJ aeMuygw,f/
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uRefru odvdkufw,f/ 'gayr,fh rodovdkyJ aevkdufw,f/ aemufawmh vltm;vHk; wzGJzGJ vJusawmhwmyJ/
uRefrvJ tm;vHk;eJY a&mjyD; vJus[efaqmifvdkufw,f}}
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... wu,fhaumifawGyJ/ &mZ0wftdk; wkwfeJYxdk;qdkwm 'grsKd;aygh/ a'0D*dkPf;csKyf
vefzkef;zkef;udkrS vmjyD; aq;cwfrdwmudk;/ rdausmif;rif;udk a&cif; vmjyMuwm ayghav/ [m; ... [m; ... [m;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1060
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
...}}
vefzkef;zkef;uvnf; &,farmum ...
]][kwfw,f/ 'DaumifawGu wu,fyJ aocsifaeMuwm ...}}
]]'geJY rif;u 'Dtwkdif;jidrfaevdkufovm;/ bmjzpfvkdY olwdkYudk jyefjyD; tqdyfrcwfovJ}}
]]uRefru olwdkYtajctaeudk odcsifvdkY vJusoGm;wJhyHkrsKd; [efaqmifvdkufwmyg/ 'gawmif 'DaumifawGxJu
ESpfa,mufu uRefr wpfu,f arhvJaejyDvYx
kd ifjyD; vufo&rf; csifMuao;w,f/ tJ'Daumif ESpfaumifawmh
wpfcgwnf; yGJcsif;jyD; aooGm;wmyJ/ tJ'DawmhrS usefwJh olawG aMumufoGm;Muw,f/ b,folrS uRefrtem;
ruyf&Jawmhbl;/ olwkdYajymaewJh pum;awGMum;jyD; &,fcsifvdkufwm ... uRefraooGm;&if wpfudk,fvHk;
tqdyfwkH;MuD; jzpfaerSmyJwJh ... cpf ... cpf ... cpf}}
vefzkef;zkef;u ajym&if;rS wcpfcpfESifh &,faeawmh\/
]]aemufawmh bmjzpfao;vJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vdkufonf/
]]jzpfwmawGuawmh trsm;MuD;aygh/ uRefru wpfcsdefvHk; arhvJcsif[efaqmifaeawmh tm;vHk;udk odaeawmh
wmaygh/ 'DaumifawG[m [efqef;awmifukef;ay:udk wufjyD; r,foDv&SifawGudk zrf;vmMuw,f/ acgif;aqmif
uawmh wpfjcm;vl r[kwfygbl; tpfudkBuD;&JU q&m &ufykcRefyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u rnfonfhpum;udkrQ 0ifrpGufyJ Nidro
f ufpGm em;axmifaeonf/ vefzkef;zkef;u quf ....
]]tpfudkBuD;&JUq&mudk Munfh&wm odyfr[efbl;/ olYpdwfawG rlrSefyHkr&bl;/ [dkaeYu a&Smifvif
bk&m;ausmif;rSmwkef;u tpfudkMuD;udkowfzdkY MudK;pm;cJhw,f/ tck tpfudkBuD;u [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf jzpfjyefawmhvJ
tpfudkBuD;&JU wynfhawG tm;vHk;udk zrf;oGm;jyefw,f/ 'gu tpfudkBuD;udk oufouf t&SufcGJwJh udpyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ...
]]tif; ... qufajymygOD;/ tm;vHk;Mum;NyD;rS pOf;pm;&rSmyJ}}
vefzkef;zkef;u ...
]]uRefr a'goxGufvGef;vkYd &ufykcRefudkawmif tqdyfcwfowfvdkufrvkYd pdwful;vdkufao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
tpfudkBuD;&JU oabmudk rodao;awmh uRefru olYudkrowfyJ toufcsrf;om ay;vdkuf&w,f/}}
]]at; ... rif;taeeJY tckvdk ighrsufESmudk axmufxm;vkdufwJh twGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,fuGm}}
]]olwkdY&JU pum;oHawGudk uRefr aumif;aumif; Mum;ae&w,f/ olwkdYu tpfudkBuD;r&Sdwkef; jrefjref
vkyfMuwmyJ/ awmfMum tpfudkBuD; jyeftvmeJY wdk;ae&if olwdkY tpDtpOf awG ysufoGm;rSmvnf; pdk;&drfaew,f/
wcsKdUuawmh tpfudkBuD; awmifay:rSm r&Sdwmudk ESajrmaeMuw,f/ EdkYr[kwf&if tpfudkBuD;udkyg wpfcgwnf;
zrf;oGm;Mur,fw/Jh [if; ... [if; ... [if; ...}}
]]ighnDr vefzkef;zkef; wpfa,mufvHk;&Sdwm olwkdY ighudk zrf;zkdY b,fvG,f yghrvJ/ ighudk zrf;wmeJY
olwdkYtm;vHk; aoukefrSmaygh ...}}
]][kwfw,f ... olwdkY uHaumif;oGm;Muw,f/ olwkdYom tpfudkBuD;udk enf;enf;uav; xdrd&if uRefruvJ
olwdkYxJu tenf;qHk; vlwpf&mavmufudk tqdyfeJY owfypfvdkufrSm}}
ajymajymqkdqdkESifh olru vif;vif;zuf vSnfhvdkufum ...
]]vif;vif; ... o0efrwkdeJYaemf/ uRefru olYudk uRefr&JU tpfudkBuD;t&if; wpfa,mufvdk oabmxm;
ygw,f/}}
vif;vif;rSm &SufaoG;jzef;oGm;awmh\/ olru vefzkef;zkef;\ yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymwwfonfh tusifh
pdkufudk odaomfvnf; ,ckajymvdkufonfh pum;twGufrl r&SufyJ raeEdkifacs/ odkYaomf olr\ rsufESmudk
twwfEdkifqHk; xdef;odrf;vsuf ...
]]tdk ... udpr&Sdygbl;/ tpfudku &SifhtaMumif; uRefrudk tNrJ ajymjyaeMuyg/ &Sifu tpfudkY tay:rSm
odyfaumif;cJhowJh}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1061
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vefzkef;zkef;rSm tvGefoabmus oGm;jyD; ...

]][kwfvm; ... wpfu,fvm; .. uRefrxifwmu tpfudkBuD;[m &Sifha&SUrSm uRefrtaMumif; rajym&Jbl;vdkY
xifaewm}}
]]b,frajym&JyJ aervJ ... tukefajymjywmyJ/ 'gxuf &SifarhvJcsif[efaqmifawmh aemufqHk; b,fvdk
vGwfvmovJ}}
]]'gvm; ... uRefrudk olwkdYu xdrSrxd&JMuwm/ 'Dawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJxm;NyD; xGufoGm;wmaygh/ olwdkYaemufudk
uRefru ajc&mcHjyD; vdkufcJhao;w,f/ olwdkYtm;vHk; 0gqef;awmifuko
d Gm;wm aocsmawmhrS qufrvdkufyJ
jyefqkwfcJhwm/ tpfudkBuD;wkdYudk 'DtaMumif;ajymjyzkdY vdkuf&SmaewmyJ/ uHaumif;vdkY tckrS 'DrSm qkdufqdkuf
jrKdufjrdKuf vmawGU&wm ...}}
]]at; ... rif;udk odyfaus;Zl;wifwmyJ/ EdkYr[kwf&if b,faomif b,furf; vkduf&Sm&rSef;rodb;l /
tcktwdkif;qdk&if odyftcsdefqGJaevdkY rjzpfawmhbl;/ 0gqef;awmifudk tckcsufcsif; vdkufoGm;rS jzpfr,f}}
odkYjzifho;Hk a,mufom; taemufzufodkY jyefvSnfhum c&D;Murf; ESifMuawmh\/ olwkdY tcsdefrSD a&mufrSom
[efqef; *dP
k f;om;rsm;udk u,fwifEdkif ayvdrhfrnf/
odkYaomf vrf;wpfavQmuf rnfonfh owif;rQ ar;jref;pHkprf;r&yJ jzpfaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm wtHhtMojzihf
a&Gwfaerdawmh\/
]]olwdkYu 'Davmuf vltkyfBuD;eJY c&D;oGm;MuwmyJ/ vrf;wpfavQmufvHk;rSm olwdkYudk awGYwJhol bmjzpfvkdY
r&Sd&wmvJ/ ... olwdkY 'Dvrf;u roGm;MuvdkYrsm;vm; ...}}
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1062
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aoG;pGef;aom 0gqef;
oHk;&ufajrmuf aomaeYwGif pm;aomufqkid fwpfck 0ifa&mufpm;aomufaeonfh csKH;qef;*dkPf;om;
av;a,mufwYu
kd dk awGUvkdufMu&\/ vifh[lcsKH;wkdY tom udk,f&Sdefowfvsuf xkdolrsm;\pum;ukd em;pGifhae
vdkufonf/ uJhoYkd vlpkpk vltkyftkyfudk awGYMu&vQif owif; wpfpHkwpf&m &pNrJ/
vif;vif;ESifh vefzkef;zkef;wdkYudk odkodkodyfodyfaeMu&ef vifh[lcsKH;u tcsufjyvdkufonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf
rSmvnf; t&dyfjyvQif taumifxif Muolrsm;jzpf wdwfqdwfNidrfoufpGm xkdifaeMu avawmhonf/ csKH;qef;
*dkPf;om;av;a,mufxJrS wpfa,mufu pwifpum; ajymvdkufonf/
]]awmfao;vdkY igwdkY c&D; rvGefwmyJa[h/ EdkYr[kwf&ifawmh tJ'DtcGifhta&;BuD;udk vufvTwfMu&rSm}}
aemufwpfa,mufuvnf; ...
]]at; ... [kwfw,f/ igwdkYtaeeJY enf;enf;rS ayghqvdkY rjzpfbl;/ 'DvdkudprsKd;u tcsdefraG; ajymif;vJEdkifwJh
udprsKd;? jrefjrefa&mufav aumif;avyJ/}}
olwdkYpum;rsm;u ya[VdozG,f jzpfae\/ rnfonfhtaMumif;t&mudk ajymaerSef; kyfvHk;azmf r&Edkif
ao;ay/ vifh[lcsKH;onf vlav;a,muf 0gqef;*dkPf;odkY tb,faMumifh rQ jrefjrefqefqef oGm;csifae
Muonfudk tvGefodcsifaerd\/
odkYaomf xkdvlav;a,mufonf olwdkY rQ tavmoHk;q,f oGm;&jcif; taMumif;udk wpfcGef;wpfyg'rQ
rajymMuao;ay/
xdkpOf vefzkef;zkef;u wkd;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; wD;wd;k ajymMum; vdkufonf/
]]tpfudkBuD;/ 'Dav;a,mufudk zrf;NyD; ppfaq;vdkuf&if tm;vHk; od&rSmyJ/ b,fhES,fhvJ ... zrf;rvm; ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;udk wGifwGif cg,rf;vdkufrdonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf csKH;qef;*dkPf;csKyf q&mBuD;
armfwm;onf rdrdtay: vGefpGm aumif;cJhol wpfa,muf r[kwfygvm;/ ,if;odkYaom rdrdtay: apwemxm;ol
wpfa,muf\ wynhfrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh vufzsm;ESifhyif rxdxdkufacs/ olwkdYudk zrf;qD; ppfaq;jcif;
tm;jzifh q&mBuD;armfwm;tm; apmfum;ovdk jzpfoGm;ayvdrhfrnf/
xdkYaMumifh vif[
h lcsKH;u ...
]][ifhtif; ... olwdkYudk zrf;vkdY rjzpfao;ygbl;/ 0gqef;awmifrSm wpfckck xl;jcm;aewmawmh aocsmaeNyD/
igwdkY taeeJY 0gqef;awmifudk tjrefqHk; a&mufrSyJ taMumif;pHk od&awmhrSmyJ ...}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;aMumifh tm;vHk; pm;aomufqkid frS xGufvmMuum ajcvSrf;rsm;udk ,cifuxuf
oGufvufvsifjrefpGm avQmufMuavawmh\/ csKH;qef;*dkPf;om; av;a,mufrSm olwkdYaemuf jywfusefcJh
MuavNyD/
aemufxyf oHk;&ufcefY Mumaomftcg olwdkYonf 0gqef;awmifajcodkY qkdufa&mufvmMuawmh\/ olwdkY
a&muf&SdvmcsdefwGif ae0if&Dwa&m jzpfaeacsNyD/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm 0gqef;awmif BuD;jyif;vmcJholjzpf&m 0gqef;awmiftaMumif;udk aemausaeoljzpf
0gqef;awmif\ awmifqif;awmifwufvrf;rsm;? 0gqef;awmif&Sd ausmuf*lrsm;odkY rsufpdrSdwf oGm;Ekdifol
jzpfonf/ xkYad Mumifh olu ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1063
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]igwdkY awmif&JUta&SUzufu rwufbl;/ taemufzufu wufMur,f/ 'gqdk&if vlawGeJY wkd;awmhrSm

r[kwfbl; ... }}
vifh[lcsKH;\ tpDtpOftwkdif;yif awmif\taemufzufrS cufcufcJcJ wG,fwufMuawmh\/ xkdawmifwuf
vrf;rSm Murf;wrf;cufcJvSojzihf omrefvlqdkvQif rnfodkYrQ wufEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/ olwkdY oHk;a,mufvHk;rSm
odkif;ynm&Sifrsm; jzpfaeMuom wufEkdifMujcif; jzpfonf/
rnfrQ jrefqefpGm wufEkdifcJhonf qdkapumrl olwkdY awmifxdyo
f dkY a&muf&SdaomtcgwGif rdk;pkyfpkyf
csKyfoGm;avNyD/ wpfawmifvHk; rnf;arSmif aeawmhonf/
vif;vif;ESifh vefzkef;zkef;wdkYESpfa,mufudk OD;aqmif vifh[lcsKH;onf 0gqef;*dkPf;\ cef;rBuD;xJokdY
0ifvmvdkuf\/
odkYaomf cef;rBuD;xJ vl[l wpfa,mufrQrawGY&yJ jzpfaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh wpfjcm; tcef;rsm;odkYyg
vSnfhywfMunfhI ppfaq;vkdufonf/ xkdtcef;rsm;wGifvnf; acG;wpfaumif aMumifwpfNrD;rQ r&Sd/ tm;vHk;
wdwfqdwf jidrfoufaeonf/
vefzkef;zkef;u ...
]]tpfudkBuD; ... uRefrwdkYawmh tnmrdNyD xifw,f/ [dkaumifawG&JU vSnfhuGufxJ 0ifvkdufrdNyD/ olwdkYu
0gqef;awmifukd oGm;r,fvdkY ajymNyD; wpfjcm; wpfae&mudk oGm;MuwmeJY wlw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ezl;aMumBuD;rsm; axmifxaeatmif pOf;pm;aerdawmh\/ tawmfuav; pOf;pm;&cufae
onf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; tb,fodkY oGm;Muavoenf;/ ajc&mvnf;aysmuf? a&vnf; aemufaeacsNyD/
rnfonfhae&modkY oGm;&Sm&rnfudk rawG;wwfMuawmh/ xdkpOf vefzkef;zkef;u ...
]]tpfukdBuD; ... uRefrwdkY 'Dtwdkif; &yfaevdkY rjzpfbl;/ vlpkcGJNyD; &Sm&ifaumif;r,f/ &Sm&r,fh ae&mudk
ESpfydkif;cGJNyD; oHk; a,mufvHk; vdkuf&Smr,f/ wpfem&Djynfhatmif &SmNyD;&if 'DrSmyJ jyefqHkMur,f/ b,fhES,fvJ ...}}
]]at; ... rif;ay;wJh tMuHaumif;w,f/ igwkdY oHk;a,muf ESpfpkcGJNyD; vkduf&SmMuwmaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf vefzkef;zkef;\tBuHudk oabmwlvkdufonf/ vefzkef;zkef;\ tqdyfynmrSm vGefpGmaumif;
\/ xkdYaMumifh olrudk rnfolrQ xd&Jvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/
vifh[lcsKH;u vefzkef;zkef;tm; ...
]]nDrav;? wpfjcm;olawGudkawmh rif;aMumufp&m rvdkbl;/ olwdkYuom rif;udk aMumuf&rSmyg/ 'gayr,fh
ighq&m &ufykcRefeJYawGY&ifawmh rif; aumif;aumif; owdxm;aemf/ olu OmPfeD OmPfeuf rsm;kHwifru
olY"m;uvnf; tifrwef jrefw,f}}
vefzkef;zkef;rSm vifh[lcsKH;u olrtay: rQ *kwpdkuf rSmMum;onfudk awGU&aomtcg vGefpGm aus;Zl;wif
oGm;jyD; MunfEl;0rf;om oGm;onf/
]]tpfudkMuD;&JUq&m &ufykcRefudk uRefr aumif;aumif;BuD;; owdxm;yghr,f/ ... uRefrtwGuf odyfNyD;
pdwfrylygeJY/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u acgif;wndwf ndwf jyvdkufaomtcg vefzkef;zkef;onf ol&Sm&rnfhtydkif;odkY xGufcGm
oGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; vif;vif;udk ac:um ol&Sm&rnfhzufodkY xGufvmcJhonf/ tcsdeftawmfMum vSnfhywf
&SmazGaomfvnf; rnfolYudkrQ rawGU&yJ jzpfaeonf/ vl&dyfvla,mif[l vHk;0 rawGUMu&acs/
xdkpOf vif;vif;u ...
]]tpfudk ... 'D0gqef;awmifrSm tpfudkeJY odyfNyD; ywfoufcJhwJh ae&mwpfck&SdcJhw,fqdk? tJ'Dae&mudk tck
vdkufjyygvm;/ uRefr odyfMunfhcsifwmyJ/}}
]]vif;vif;u [dkawmifxdyfudk ajymaewmvm;/ aumif;NyDav/ tck tcsdef&Sdwkef; wpfcgwnf; tay:udk
wufMunfh Muwmaygh/}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;vif;udkac:um ol *lydwftjypfay;cHcJh&onfh awmifxdyf ausmuf*lqDodkY ajy;wufav
awmhonf/ awmifxdyfodkY a&mufaomtcg xdk ausmuf*l0udk vufId;Tefjyvsuf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1064
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]vif;vif; ... a[m'D ausmuf*lBuD;xJrSm ...}}

olYpum;oH rqHk;ao;rD ausmuf*lwGif;rS "m;csif;dkufcwfoH? xkd;ckwfoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pum;udk tqHk;rowfEdkifawmhyJ tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;&awmh\/
olwdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; ausmuf*l&Sd&modkY tvsiftjref ajy;vmrdMuawmhonf/ xkdpOf vlwpfa,muf\
pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufoHudk Mum;vdkuf&\/ xkdtoHrSm vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh aumif;pGm usufrdaeaom q&mBuD;
armfwm;\ toHESifh tvGefwlae\/
xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u ]][m ... 'g ... 'g ... q&mBuD; armfwm;&JU toHeJY wlw,f/ q&mBuD; wpfckck
jzpfoGm;NyDvm; rodbl;/ igwkdY tjrefqHk;oGm;rS jzpfr,f/}}
xkdYaemuf ESpfa,mufpvHk; "m;rsm;udk qGJxkwfum ausmuf*lxJodkY ajy;0if oGm;Mu avawmh\/
ta&SUbuf ausmuf*lxJwGif rnfolwpfO;D wpfa,mufrQ &Sdraeacs/ odkYaomf twGif;buf vkdPf*ltwGif;rl
rD;a&mif wpfvufvuf xGufaeonfudk awGY&\/
q&mBuD; armfwm;twGuf tvGef pdk;&drfylyefaeojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm ausmuf*lxJodkY ckef0ifvdkufawmh\/
txJodkY a&mufonfESifh &ifxdwf oGm;awmhonf/
taMumif;rSm ausmufvkdPfacgif;twGif;0,f rD;wkwf tacsmif;ESpfq,fausmfcefY &SdaejyD; vlaygif; &mESifhcsD
&SdaeaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
odkYaomf xkdodkY &mESifhcsD &Sdaeaom vlaygif; rsm;pGmxHrS toHuav; wpfcsufrQ rMum;&yJ jzpfaeonf/
vHk;0 jidrfouf wdwfqdwfae\/
tb,faMumifh rQ jidrfouf wdwfqdwf ae&ygoenf;/
vifh[lcsKH;onf xdkvltkyfBuD;Nidrfouf wdwfqdwfae&onfh taMumif;udk &SmazGvdkufrd\/ odyfMumMum
r&Smvdkuf&yg/ xkdvltkyfBuD;onf ausmuf*leH&Hay:rS "m;odkif; kyfyHkrsm;wGif tmkHepfajrmaeMujcif; aywnf;/
xkdaMumifh rnfonfhtoHrQ rMum;&jcif; jzpfay\/
vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh ausmufvkdPfacgif; twGif; 0ifa&mufrdonfESifh aoG;oH&J&J wdkufyGJMuD; wpfckudk
MuHKawGU&awmhrnf[k rSwfxifxm;cJhonf/ ,ckrl txifESifh tjrif vGJavpGwum;/
wpf&mausmfrQaom vltkyfrSm enf;enf;aemaem vltkyfr[kwfay/ odkYaomf xkd renf;vSaom vltkyfBuD;
onf ausmuf*lxJ NidrfoufpGm&yf "m;odkif;uGufrsm;udk warhwarm ai;armMunfhaeonfudk awGYvdkuf&aom
tcg vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY aMumiftrf;trf;BuD; jzpfoGm;rdawmh\/
vif;vif;uvnf; vifh[lcsKH;em;odkY wk;d uyfvmonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u vSnfhMunfhvkdufaomtcg vif;vif;rSm aMumufGHUrIaMumifh rsufESmav; wpfckvHk; jzLazG;ae
onfudk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ xkdYaMumifh olrtm; ESpfodrfhtm;ay;onfhtaejzifh vif;vif;\ cg;uav;udk
tomt,m ayGUzufxm;vdkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;u xdkvktkyfBuD;udk taotcsm avhvmMunfhvdkufonf/ xdkvlrsm;\ 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkESihf
t0wftpm;rsm;udk Munfh cGJcGJjcm;jcm; odvdkufrdonf/ xkdvltkyfMuD;xJwGif csKHqef;*dkPf;? aumif;qef;*dkPf;ESifh
xkdufqef;*dkPf;om;rsm; yg0ifaeMu\/ odkYaomf xl;jcm;onfh tcsufwpfcsufudkvnf; olwdkY csufcsif; owdjyK
vdkufrdonf/ 0gqef;*dkPf;ESifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;qkd wpfOD; wpfa,mufrQ ryg0ifaom tcsufyifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ausmuf*lMuD;udk vSnfhywfMunfhIvku
d fonfESifh csufcsif; oabmayguf oGm;onf/ ,ck
vltkyfBuD; xJwGif yg0ifaom okdif;orm;rsm;onf tjcm;*dkPf;\ odkif;uGuf rsm;udk pdwf0ifpm; aeMujcif;
r[kwfacs/ rdrdwdkY *dkPf;ESifh ywfoufonfh odkif;uGufrsm; udkom pdwf0ifwpm; rSwfom;aeMujcif; jzpfawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ab;ywfvnf tESHYtjym; &SmazGaomfvnf; q&mBuD;armfwm;udk vHk;0 &SmrawGUyJ jzpfae\/
ausmufvdkPfacgif;BuD; twGif;vnf; cdkuf&ef jzpfyGm;cJhaom yHkpHrsKd;udk vH;k 0rawGY&yJ jzpfaeonf/
olwdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk;onf "m;ckwfoHrsm;ESifh pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfoHudk taotcsm Mum;cJhMu&onf/ ,ckrl
q&mBuD; armfwm;udk vHk;0 rawGU&/ q&mBuD; armfwm;ESifh &efolrsm;onf ae&m rwkdufcdkufyJ ,ckxuf
twGif;ydkif; ydkusaom ausmufvdkPfacgif; twGif; wdkufcdkuf cJhMuonfvm; rqdkEkdif/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1065
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;onf xdktawG;udk awG;vdkufrdonfESifh ausmufvdkPfacgif; twGif;ydkif;odkY 0if&ef pdwful;

vkdufrdawmhonf/
odkYaomf twGif;ykdif;odkY 0if&eftwGufrSm vltkyfBuD;udk jzwfausmf 0if&ayrnf/ vltkyfBuD;xJwGif
csKHqef;*dkPf;wpfckwnf;om rdrdESifh &efNidK;r&Sdaom*dkPf;jzpfonf/ usef*dkPf;ESpf*dkPf;jzpfonfh aumif;qef;*dkPf;
ESifh xkdufqef;*dkPf;wdkYrSm rdrdESifh &efNidK;&efp tenf;i,fpD &SdcJhaom *dkPf;rsm; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;pdk;&drfonfrSm olYudk,fol twGuf r[kwfacs/ vif;vif;twGuf jzpfonf/ vif;vif;tm; tu,f
rSwfrdoGm;cJhvQif xdkvlrsm;onf ta&qkwf&ef BudK;pm;Mu ayvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh
]]vif;vif; ausmuf*laygufrSm oGm;apmifhaeyg/ vdkPfacgif; twGif;ydkif;udk rvdkufcJheJYawmh/ tpfudk
wpfa,mufwnf; 0ifMunfhr,f/ txJrSm bmtE&m,f &Sdr,fqdkwm rodEdkifbl;}}
vif;vif;u acgif;ndwfjyvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;ajymvdkufonfh pum;oHrSm wkd;wdk;uav; jzpfaomfvnf; ywf0ef;usif wpfckvHk;rSm wdwfqdwf
NidrfoufvSojzifh vGefpGm us,favmifoGm;ouJhodkY jzpfoGm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh vltcsKdUu vifh[lcsKH;wkdYzufodkY
vSrf;MunhfvdkufMuonf/ odkYaomf olwdkYtzdkY tcsdefonf aTESifh quf&ravmuf wefzdk;BuD;aeojzihf olwdkY\
tMunfhrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtay: Mum&SnfpGmrxm;EdkifyJ ausmuf*leH&Hrsm;ay:odkYom csufcsif; ajymif;vJ
vkdufMuawmh\/
xkdtcg vif;vif;onf tcsdefapmifhraeawmhyJ csufcsif;yif ausmuf*l0odkY vsifjrefpGm jyefxGufvdkufav
onf/ vifh[lcsKH;url ausmufvdkPfacgif;twGif;odkY avQmuf0ifvdkufonf/ olonf vltkyfBuD; twGif;odkY
avQmuf0ifvdkuo
f nf/ vltkyfBuD;tm; wpfvSrf;csif; jzwfausmfvmonf/ olYESvHk;ckefoHudkyif oljyefMum; ae&
awmhonf/
odkYaomf csufcsif;yif wkefvIyfaeaom ol\pdwfrsm;udk xdef;odrf;vkdufEkdifonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
tawG;wpfck ay:vmaom aMumifhyifwnf;/
]]'Dausmuf*leH&Hay:u "m;odkif;awG tm;vHk; igwwfxm;NyD;NyDyJ/ 'D"m;odkif;uGufawG b,favmuf
aumif;aumif; igh&JU ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;udk b,fvdkrS ,SOfvdkYr&ygbl;/ bmjzpfvkdY olwkdYudk igu
*kpdkufae&rSmvJ}}
xkdtawG;aMumifh pdwftm;wufvmojzifh wkefvIyfacsmufcsm; rIr&SdawmhyJ ajcvSrf;rSefrSefjzifhyif xkdvltkyf
BuD;udk ausmfjzwf vmEkdifawmhonf/ odkYtm;jzifh ausmufvdkPf*lBuD;\ twGif;ydkif;eufIdif;&modkY wjznf;jznf;
a&muf&Sdvmawmhonf/ xkdtcsdefwGifyif ...
]]0kef; ... 0kef;}}
us,favmifvSaom jrnf[nf;oHBuD; xGufay:vmjyD; awmifBuD; wpfckvHk;NydKusrwwf oGufoGufcg
vIyf&Sm;oGm;avawmh\/
rnfodkYrQ arQmfvifhxm;jcif;r&Sdaom toHBuD;aMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm aMumufvefYwMum;jzpfum aemufzuf
odkY jyefvSnfhMunfhvdkufonf/ ausmuf*ltwGif;&Sd vltm;vHk;rSm aMumufvefYwMum; atmf[pfvsuf &SdaeMuavNyD/
ausmuf*lxw
J Gifvnf; ajrBuD;rIefY zkefrIefYrsm;jzifh jynfhESuf vGifhysHae\/
q&mBuD; armfwm;udk r&SmEdkifawmhyJ vifh[lcsKH;onf aemufaMumif;jyefum vif;vif;&Sd&m *layguf0odkYom
jyefajy;&awmhonf/
ausmufvdkPf*lxJ&Sd vlaygif;rsm;pGm wdkYonfvnf; aqmufwnf&mr&yJ xGufvrf;&Sdrnf xifonfhzufodkY
aoG;l;aoG;wef; ajy;aeMuonf/
ausmufvdkPf*lMuD; wpfckvHk; ausmufrIefY? zkefrIefYrsm; zHk;vTrf;aeojzihf wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD; taotcsm Munfh
rjrifMuawmhay/ xkdYaMumifh vlrsm;onf olwdkY\ "m;rsm;udk qGJxkwf a0SY,rf; aeMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;url ausmufvdkPfacgif;BuD;taMumif; tjcm;olrsm;xuf ydk &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifojzihf xkdvlrsm;
avmufawmh rxdwfvefYacs/ vif;vif;twGuf pdwfylae&jcif; omjzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1066
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olonf IyfaxG;aeaom vltkyfBuD;twGif;rS a&Smifum wdrf;umjzifh *layguf0odkYom ajy;xGufvmonf/

vrf;c&D;wGif rnfonfhae&mu ckwfvdkufrSef; rodaom "g;csuf oHk;csufukd a&Smifwdrf;cJh&onf/
ausmuf*l0odkY a&muf&Sdaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;rSm tBuD;tus,f wkefvIyfoGm;rdawmhonf/ taMumif;rSm
ausmufvkdPfacgif;\ tayguf0udk {&mr ausmufwHk;BuD;wpfwHk;jzifh ydwfqdkYxm;aMumif; awGUvdkuf&
aomaMumifh aywnf;/
toHukefatmf[pfum vifh[lcsKH;u ar;vkdufonf/
]]vif;vif; ... vif;vif; ... rif; b,frSmvJ}}
vif;vif;\ jyefxl;oHudk olYem;xJwGif Mum;vdkufrdovdkvdk &Sdrdonf/ ta0;wpfae&mrS jzpfonf/
xkdae&mrSm apmapmwkef;u onfrSmzufodkY ajy;rvmrD rdrd&SdaecJhonfh ae&mjzpfonf/ odkYaomf aocsm
wyftyfawmh rajymEkdif/ taMumif;rSm vlaygif;rsm;pGm\ tkwfatmfaomif;eif; qlnHaeaom toHrsm;u zHk;vTrf;
aeaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/
wcPwmrQ pOf;pm;vdkufNyD;aemuf xdkuJhodkY vif;vif;wpfa,muf ausmufvdkPf*lBuD;\ twGif;ydkif;odk
a&mufoGm;onfh tjzpfudk vifh[lcsKH;wpfa,muf aumif;pGm oabmayguf vkdufonf/
]][kwfNyD ... ausmufwHk;BuD; usvmwJh tcsdefrSm vif;vif;[m ausmuf*layguf0rS &yfaerSmyJ/ aemufawmh
ightwGuf olu pdk;&drfNyD;awmh tjyifxGufrajy;yJeJY txJudk ckef0ifNyD; ighudk vdkuf&SmwmyJ jzpf&r,f/ tJonfrSm
ESpfa,mufvHk; tBuHwloGm;awmh tckvdk vGJoGm;wmaygh/ rjzpfbl; ... ausmuf*lBuD;&JU twGif;ydkif;udk jyef0ifNyD;
vif;vif;udk rawGUawGUatmif jyef&Sm&r,f/ vlawG odyfrsm;awmh tE&m,f odyfrsm;w,f/
odkYjzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf ausmuf*lBuD; wpfzufpGef;&Sd apmapmuae&modkY jyefavQmuf&jyefonf/ odkYrSom
vif;vif;ESifh awGUqHkEdkifayvdrfhrnf/
vif;vif;\odkif;ynm awmfonfrSefaomfvnf; rQ rsm;jym;vSaom vltkyfBuD; twGif;rl olr\
odkif;ynmjzihf olr\toufudk vHkjcHKpGm umuG,fEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/ taMumif;rSm ausmuf*lBuD; twGif;odkY
a&muf&Sdaeonfh odkif;orm; trsm;pkrSm xdyfoD; odkif;orm;csnf;om jzpfaeaom aMumifhyifwnf;/
xkdYtjyif vltawmfrsm;rsm;onf ausmuf*leH&Hay:rS xufjrufvSaom odkif;uGuf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;
udkvnf; avhvmNyD; jzpfaeMu vif;vif;twGuf ydk tE&m,f&aSd ejcif; jzpfawmh\/
tpyxr ausmuf*lxJwGif rD;wkwfESpfq,fausmfcefY &SdcJhonf/ odkY&mwGif ausmufwkH;BuD; jyKwfusvm
NyD;onfhaemufwGif vlrsm; IyfIyfaxG;axG; jzpfoGm;Mu rD;wkwftawmfrsm;rsm; jyKwfusoGm;vsuf Nidrf;oGm;Mu
ojzifh ausmuf*ltwGif; tvif;a&mif[l r&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;awmh\/ xkdYaMumifh tcsKdUu aMumufvefY
wMum;jzifh atmfvdkufonf/
]][m ... ausmuf*lBuD; ydwfoGm;NyDa[h ... ausmuf*lBuD; ydwfoGm;NyD ... vHk;0 xGufvkdYr&awmhbl;/}}
tcsdKUaom olrsm;u &ufykcReftm; a'goxGufMu\/
]]&ufykcRef ... 'D vl,kwfrmBuD;&JU vufcsufyJjzpf&r,f/ 'g[m olYe,fajr ... olrvkyf&if b,folrS rvkyf
bl;/}}
vltawmfrsm;rsm;url ausmuf*l0 ao;ao; ydwfqdkYaeaom ausmufwHk;BuD;udk wGef;xkwfum z,f&Sm;&ef
BudK;pm;Mu\/ odYak omf ausmufwHk;BuD;rSm tHhMoavmufatmif BuD;rm;vSojzifh rnfodkYrQ rz,fxkwf EkdifMuacs/
xdkpOf vltcsKdUu ...
]]'Dtaygufav;rSm bmjzpfvdkY pkjyHKaeMu&wmvJ ... [dkzufu vdkPfacgif;uae xGufMur,f ... vmMu ...
jrefjrefvmMu}}
xdkokdY ratmfrDuyif taemufzuf vdkPfacgif; &SdEdkifonf[k pOf;pm;rdaom vltcsKdUu taemufzufodkY
xGufvmaeMuNyD; jzpfayonf/
odkYaomf vkdPfacgif;0rSm usOf;ajrmif;vSojzifh vltm;vHk; pkNyHK0if r&EkdifyJ jzpfae\/ wdk;&if; wkd;&if;jzifh
usef&Sdaeonfh rD;wkwfrsm;xJrS tcsKdU xuf Nidrf;oGm;jyefawmhonf/
xdktcdkuf vlESpfa,mufonf tjcm;olrsm;udk twif;t"rausmfjzwf a&SUodkY wufvmonf/ vkdPfacgif;u
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1067
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
usOf;ajrmif;vGef;ojzifh olwdkY jzwfausmf&onfrSm vG,fvG,fulul r&SdMuay/ odkYaomf xkdol ESpfa,mufwkdYonf

vkdPfacgif; rnfrQyif usOf;ajrmif;ygap wpfOD;udkwpfOD; vHk;0tavQmhray;yJ a&SUodkY a&mufEkdif&efom MudK;pm;
aeMu\/
olwdkYuJhodkYyif taemufzuf vdkPfacgif;0odkY qkwfcGmajy;aeMuonfh vlaygif;rsm;pGm &SdaeMu&m xkdol
ESpfa,mufonf vlrsm;Mum;wGif nyf a&SUodkY rwdk;Edkifatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
xkdtcg ESpfa,mufxJrS wpfa,mufonf cg;Mum;rS "m;ajrmifudk kwfw&uf qGJxkwfvkdufNyD; olESifhtwl
a&SUodkY wkd;xGufEkdif&ef BudK;pm;aeol\ &if0odkY a&Smifwcif pdkufcsvdkuf avawmhonf/ txdk;cH&olrSm atmfyif
ratmfEdkifawmhyJ ... wpfcsufwnf; toufxGuf oGm;awmhonf/
"m;ajrmifESifh xkd;vdkufolonf aoqHk;oGm;ol\tavmif;udk ab;odkY wGef;z,fcsvdkufNyD; a&SUodkY wkd;oGm;av
awmhonf/ olYtaejzifh a&SUokdY wkd;oGm;Ekdif&eftwGuf xkdvlonf olYa&SUrSvludk vrf;&Sif;vdkufjcif;om jzpfacsonf
wum;/
xkdpOf vltkyfxJrS vl wpfcsKdUu pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pfvkdufMuonf/ atmfoHrsm;xJwGif acsmufcsm;rIrsm;
tjynfht0 yg0ifae\/
]][m ... vldk;awG ... vldk;awG}}
*laygufydwfoGm;ojzifh aoG;av ajcmufjcm;aeolrsm;rSm xkdatmfoHrsm;aMumifh ydk xdwfvefY acsmufcsm;oGm;
awmh\/ ted|mkH jrifuGif;rSm vlrsm;\pdwfudk tb,frSmvQif racsmufcsm;apyJ aernfenf;/
vif;vif;twGuf vGefpGm pdk;&drfylyefae&ojzihf vifh[lcsKH;rSm rnfolYudkrQ *krpdkuf tm;ay/ ] vldk;awG ...
vldk;awG} [laom atmfoHudkvnf; olaumif;pGm Mumvdkufrdonf/ vldk;rsm;rSm raumif;qdk;0g; *dkPf;rS
0gpOfBuD; yk*dKvfBuD;q,fOD;\ tdk;rsm;jzpfaMumif; odxm;NyD; jzpfaom olYtaejzifh taMumif;rodorl sm;avmuf
tHhMoxdwfvefYrI rjzpfawmhacs/
tdk;rsm;aMumifh xdwfvefYrI rjzpfaomfvnf; vifh[lcsKH;u xdktdk;rsm;ESiq
fh ufET,f awG;vdkufrdaom
tawG;rsm;aMumifh tBuD;tus,f pdk;&drf oGm;rdawmhonf/
]]tcktdk;pkawGjzpfaewJh raumif;qdk;0g;*dkPf;u 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvfBuD; q,fOD;[m ... odkif;ynm b,favmuf
awmfovJ/ 'DaeY xdyfoD; odkif;ynm&SifvkdY ac:aeMu&wJh odkif;q&mBuD;awGxuf awmfrSmudk enf;enf;rS oHo,
jzpfp&mr&Sdbl;/ ... 'gawmif 'DausmufvkP
d facgif;xJrSm tydwfcH&NyD; aooGm;Mu&w,f/ igeJY vif;vif;wdkYvdk
vlrsKd;u 'Daorif;vdkPfacgif;xJu b,fvdk xGufajy;EkdifawmhrvJ/ ... xGufajy;zkdY tcGifhta&;aum ay:rS
ay:ayguf vmyghrvm;/ 'DtBuHtpnfom
q&mhtBuHqdk&ifawmh igwdkY b,fvdkrS rvGwfEdkifawmhbl;/
bmjzpfvdkYvJ qdkawmh q&mu OmPfeDOmPfeufxkwfNyD; axmifacsmufqifwJh ae&mrSm [muGuf vpfuGuf
r&Sdatmif BudKwifjyifqifxm;wwfvdkYyJ}}
tawG;qHk;onfESifh vltkyfBuD;udk MunhfIvdkufonf/ vltkyfBuD;rSm ausmuf*lBuD; twGif;rS vGwfajrmuf
Edkifa&;twGuf aoG;l;aoG;wef; wkd;a0SYaeMu\/
vifh[lcsKH;yif xdkolrsm;uJhodkY vGwfajrmufcsifpdwf aygufvmNyD; rdrd vGwfajrmufa&; twGuf olrsm;udk
xkd;ckwf wdkufcdkufcsifpdwf aygufvmonf/
]]vlawG 'Davmuf IyfaerSawmh ausmuf*ltjyifzufudk b,fvkd xGufEkdifawmhrSmvJ/ olwdkYudk wpfa,mufNyD;
wpfa,muf owfypfNyD; vrf;&Sif;vdkuf&ifawmh igeJY vif;vif; xGufayguf&SmEdkifrSmyJ}}
xdktawG;aMumifh olY"m;udk kwfw&uf qGJxkwq
f kyfudkif vdkufrdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm omreftm;jzifh pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwf &Sdolwpfa,mufjzpf\/ odkYaomf vltrsm;\ aoG;l;
aoG;wef; vIyf&Sm;BudK;pm;rIrsm;u ol\ pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfrsm;udk zHk;vTrf;oGm;apNyD; wpfudk,faumif;pdwfrsm;
ay:aygufvmapawmhonf/
odkYaomf ... enf;yg;vSaom rD;a&mif rSdefrSdefuav; atmufwGif wkefvIyf aMumufGHUaeaom vli,fav;
wpfa,muf\ rsufESmudk awGYvkduf&aomtcg kwfw&ufikyfoGm;onfh vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwf&if;aumif;rsm;onf
bGm;ueJ jyefay:vmawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1068
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;onf xkdvli,fav;\ rsufESmudk Munfh&if; vGefpGm oem;vmawmhonf/ oem;pdwfESifh twl

qifjcifwHk w&m;rsm;uvnf; olYESvHk;om;xJokdY jyefvnf 0ifa&mufvmawmhonf/
]]olwdkYtm;vHk;[m ighvkdyJ 'kua&mufaewJh 'kuonftcsif;csif;yJ ... 'kuonftcsif;csif; igu olwdkYudk
owf&if b,fw&m;awmhrvJ/ wwfEdkiforQ olwdkYudk tultnD ay;oifhao;w,f}}
xdkqifjcifwHkw&m;aMumifh olYvufxJrS "m;onf "m;tdrftwGif;odkY jyefvnf a&muf&SdoGm; awmhonf/
xkdpOf a&SUqH;k odkY a&muf&SdaeMuonfh vlESpfq,fausmfcefY\ atmf[pfoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]a[h ... jrefjrefxGufav}}
]]bmjzpfvdkY rxGufyJ &yfae&wmvJ}}
]]Mumw,fa[h ... odyfpum; ajymraeeJY/ 'Daumifhudk qGJxkwfypfvdkufprf;}}
wpfa,muf wpfayguf atmfoH[pfoHrsm;onf vdkPfacgif;twGif; qlnHaeawmhonf/
ausmufvdkPfacgif; t0rS wjznf;jznf; usOf;ajrmif;oGm;ojzifh a&SUqHk;odkY a&muf&Sdaeonfhvlonf rwfwwf
r&yfEdkifawmhyJ ajrBuD;ay:wGif 0rf;vsm;xkd; xGufae&onf/ ol xkd;xGufaeonfh *laygufrSm vGefpGm
usOf;ajrmif;vSojzihf vHk;0rxGufEkdif/ xdkYtjyif acgif;nyfae[ef wlojzihf vIyfyif rvIyf&Sm;Edkifatmif jzpfae&\/
odkYaomf xkdolrS aemufodkY jyefrqkwfcsifojzifh ayuyf xkdae&myif 0yfaeawmh\/ xkdtcsufudk
rauseyfMuojzifh aemufzufrS vlrsm;u toHrsKd;pHkjzifh atmf[pfaejcif; jzpfawmh\/
xkdpOf vlESpfa,mufu xkdvl\ ajcaxmufESpfacsmif;udk udkif aemufzufodkY qGJxkwfvdkufonf/ xkdtcg
vltm;vHk;rSm kwfw&uf tvefYwMum; atmf[pfvkdufrdMuawmh\/
tb,fhaMumifh rQ txdwftvefY atmf[pf vkdufMu&yg oenf;/ taMumif;&Sdonf/ olwdkY qGJxkwf
vdkufaomol\ OD;acgif; rygvmaomaMumifhyifwnf;/ vnfyif;jywfBuD;rS aoG;rsm; w&a[m pD;xGufaeonf/
xkdol\ OD;acgif;udk jzwfypfvkdufol rnfolayenf;/
xkdtcdkuftwefY twGif;rSmyif ausmuf*lBuD;\ axmifhwpfaxmifhwGif uyf xkdifaeaom vlwpfa,mufudk
vifh[lcsKH;u owdjyKvdkufrdonf/ 0dk;w0g; jrif& uGJjym;aocsmjcif; r&Sdaomfvnf; vif;vif;ESifh wlaMumif;
owdjyKvdkufrdonf/
xkdYaMumifh vif;vif;&Sd&modkY 0rf;omtm;& ajy;oGm;rdonf/ odkYaomf xkdtcsdefwGif odkif;orm;rsm; tm;vHk;
pdwfrxdef;EdkifawmhyJ pdwfdkif;rsm; aygufvmMuavNyD/ olwdkY qGJxkwfvdkufonfh acgif;jywfudk,fvHk;ESifh iHk;wdwd
vnfyif;rS eDapG;aom aoG;rsm;u olwdkYtm; ajcmufjcm; l;oGyfoGm;apjcif; jzpfawmh\/
tcsKdUu "m;udk qGJxkwfNyD; awGU&mvludk xdk;ckwfawmh\/ tcsKdUrSmrl udk,fh&ifbwf udk,fxk atmf[pfidk,dk
aeMu\/ tcsKdUrSm teD;&Sdvludk qGJ eyef;owfae\/ tcsKdUrSmrl wd&dpmefrsm;ozG,f ajrBuD;ay: av;zuf
axmufoGm; aeMuonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm aemufxyf oHk;av;vSrf;ajy;vkdufaomtcg ol\ ajcaxmufudk vlwpfa,mufu vSrf;
zufxm;jcif; cHvkduf&onf/
xdkol\ vufrsm; jyKwfxGufoGm;ap&ef xdkvl\ acgif;udk vuf0g;apmif;jzifh cyfjznf;jznf; dkufvdkufonf/
odkYaomf xdkoo
l nf vifh[lcsKH;\ ajcaxmufrsm;udk rvTwfonfhtjyif aygifukyd g yg;pyfjzifh udkufvu
dk fao;\/
vifh[lcsKH; vGefpGm acsmufcsm;oGm;awmh\/ onfvlrsm;rSm wu,fhtl;rsm;yrm jzpfukefMuavjyD/
qifjcifwHkw&m;[l olwdkYacgif;xJ r&SdMuawmh/ taMumufw&m;u olwdkYOD;aESmufudk zHk;vTrf; pdk;rdk;
xm;MuavjyD/
xkdtcsdefwGif ausmufvdkPfacgif; twGif; rD;wkwf[l r&Sdoavmuf jzpfoGm;avNyD/ aemufqHk; usef&Sdaom
rD;wkwfESpfacsmif;rSmvnf; ajrMuD;ay: vJusvsuf&SdaeavNyD/ vifh[lcsKH;u ta&;wBuD;atmf owday;vdkuf
\/
]]ajrMuD;ay:usoGm;wJh rD;wkwfawGudk aumufvkduf ... rD;wkwfawGudk aumufvkduf ... rD;wkwfr&Sd&if tm;vHk;
'ku jzpfukefr,f/}}
odkYaomf vlwpfa,mufu w[m; [m; atmf&,f&if; ajrBuD;ay:usaeaom rD;wkwfESpfacsmif;udk ajcjzifh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1069
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
zdeif;um rD;rsm;udk Nidrf;owfvkdufawmhonf/ ausmufvdkPfacgif;BuD;wpfckvHk; vHk;0 arSmifusoGm;&avawmh\/

vifh[lcsKH;rSm ,ckrS vGefpGm ta&;BuD;vmNyD jzpfaMumif; odvkduf olY"m;udk qGJxkwfvkdufum ajcaxmufudk
twif; zufxm;oltm; "m;jzifh wpfcsufckwfvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf ... olY ajcaxmufrsm;udk twif; kef;uef
wdk;xGufvdkuf&onf/
ausmuf*lwGif;&Sd vlrsm;\ aMumufGHUxdwfvefYrIonf txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&SdoGm;avNyD/ apmapmwkef;u
atmf[pf aeMuonfxuf ,ckrS ydk atmf[pfaeMuawmh\/ 0kef;okef;um; jzifh OD;wnfcsufr&Sd avQmufajy;
aeMuawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;\ pdwfxJwGif ]]tif; ... tcktajctae twkdif;qdk&ifawmh 'DaeYtzdkY touf&Sifp&mvrf; vHk;0
r&Sdawmhbl;/ awmfygao;&JU ... vif;vif;eJYtwl ao&rSmrdkY/ 'gayr,fh vif;vif;crsm b,favmuf aMumuf&Sm
rvJ rodbl; ... rawGUawGUatmif &Sm&awmhrSmyJ}}
xdkYaemuf vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;vif;xkdifaeonf[k rSef;q&aomae&modkY jznf;jznf;csif; prf; avQmufoGm;
awmhonf/ olYem;xJwGif vufeufcsif; dkufcwfoHrsm;? atmf[pfoHrsm;? emusif nnf;nLoHrsm;ESifh ajy;vTm;oH
rsm;udk Mum;ae&onf/
vlrsm;onf l;ouJhodkY jzpfukefMuNyD; wkefvIyf ajcmufjcm;pGmjzifh "m;rsm;udka0SY,rf; udk,fhudk,fudk
umuG,faeMuonf/ ausmufvdkPf*lBuD;ESifh rqHhatmif rsm;jym;vSaom vlrsm;rSm vufeufcsif; dkufcwfrdNyD;
'gPf&m&ol &oGm;Muavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ab;ywfvnfwGif "m;avwdk;oHrsm;udk tqufrjywf Mum;ae&ojzifh a&SYwkd;&ef cufaeawmh
\/ tu,f *krpdkufyJ a&SUqufwkd;ygu rnfonhfae&mu xGufvmrSef;rodyJ xGufvmrnfh "m;wpfacsmif;
acsmif;aMumifh 'gPf&m&oGm;Edkifonf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; trsm;enf;wl olYcEmudk,f vHkNcHKa&;twGuf
"m;jzifh a0SY,rf; umuG,fae& jyefawmhonf/
xdkYaemuf ausmuf*leH&HzufodkY waGUaGU wkd;uyfaeawmhonf/ ausmuf*leH&HodkY a&muf&SdoGm;ygu
xdk;ckwfaeonfh "m;rsm;\tE&m,f wpf0ufcefY avsmhyg;oGm;ayrnf/ eH&Hudk ausmay;vnf; avQmufoGm;Edkif
rnf/ okdYaomf ,cktcsdefwGif ausmuf*leH&HodkY a&mufatmif oGm;Ekdif&efrSm tvGefw&m rvG,fulaom udpwpfck
jzpfae\/
rwwfom onfhtqHk; olYudk,fudk umuG,f&eftwGuf vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh "m;udk a0SY,rf;vdkuf&awmhonf/
]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;udk xkwfoHk;jyD; umuG,fvdkuf &jcif;jzpfonf/ w'*F twGif;rSmyif olY"m;csufrd
vJusoGm;oHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ atmf[pfoHrsm;Mum;wGif rdef;uav;wpfa,muf\ rwdk;rus,f
atmfoHwpfoHudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm vif;vif;twGuf vGefpGm pdk;&drfoGm; rdawmh\/
]]vif;vif; ... vif;vif;? rif;b,frSmvJ ... toHjyKvkduf/ tpfudk vmcJhr,f}}
odkYaomf rnfonhf wkHYjyefoHrS rMum;&yJ jzpfaeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;vif;tm; xyf atmfac:&ef
[efjyif vkdufpOfrSmyif vGifhpOfxGufoGm;&avawmh\/
ajrjyifay: vJusaeol wpfa,mufu vifh[lcsKH;\ wifyg;udk aqmifhuefvdkuf uJhodkY vGifhpOf
xGufoGm;&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm vif;vif;twGuf tmkHvGifhaeojzifh tvpfwGif tuefcHvkduf&jcif;
jzpfonf/ avxJ vGifhajrmufoGm; csdefwGif usmyGwf wpfacsmif;u olYaygifudk wpfcsuf vma&muf
dkufrdoGm;jyefonf/
&Sd&SdorQ vlrsm;tm;vHk;onf rdrdwdkY\vufeufrsm;udk wpfcsufrQ tNidrfrxm;acs/ olwpfyg;tm;
xdonfjzpfap? rxdonfjzpfap? vIyfcg a0SY,rf;aeMuonf/ odkYrSom rdrdwdkYtzdkY vHkjcHKrnf[k ,HkMunf,lq
xm;Muonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm avxJrS ajrBuD;ay: jyefusvmaom tcgwGifvnf; ]vif;vif;} [k atmfac:rdjyefonf/
olYtoHrSm yifudk,foHr[kwfawmh idkoHaygufaeavNyD/
xdkYaemuf olonfvnf; wpfjcm;olrsm;uJhodkYyif pdwfdkif;rsm; aygufvmawmhonf/ aMumufrufzG,f&m
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1070
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
toHeufBuD;jzifh atmf[pfvdkufawmh\/
]]vif;vif;udk rif;wkdYowfvkdufNyD r[kwfvm;/ vif;vif;udk rif;wdkY owfvkdufNyD/ igraMubl; .. rif;wkdYudk
jyefowfr,f/ tm;vHk;udk jyefowfr,f}}
xdkYaemuf ol\"m;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;onf a0SY,rf;ckwfxpfaeawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ aoG;l;aoG;wef;
ckwfxpfaeyHkrSm vGefpGm aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;vSojzifh olY"m;csuf rdoGm;olrsm;rSm r&PEkdifiHodkY
txpfaighr&SdyJ ajzmifhwef;pGm a&muf&SdoGm; Mu&awmhonf/
odkY qlnHpGm dkufcwfaeaom "m;oHrsm;tMum;wGif tHhMopzG,faumif;vSonfh BudK;wyf wl&d,m
wpfck\ wD;cwfoHESpfcsufudk Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/ xdkokdY wD;cwfvkdufonfh toHrSm rsm;pGmus,favmifvSonf
r[kwfacs/ xdkYtjyif tjcm; atmfoH? [pfoH? ckwfxpfoHrsm;uvnf; zHk;vTrf;aeojzihf xdktoHrSm wdk;wdk;
uav;om jzpfonf/
odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;\ em;xJwGifrl rdk;Ncdrf;oHuJhodkY xifrSwfvdkuf&awmh\/ xkdYaMumifh tvGeftrif;
0rf;ajrmufpGm atmf[pfvkdufonf/
]]vif;vif; ... vif;vif;}}
olu toHxGufay:vm&modkY tjrefqHk;oGm;&ef [efjyifvdkufonf/ odkYaomf csufcsif;yif udk,f&Sdefjyef
owfvdkufonf/ BudK;wyf wl&d,moH xGufay:vm&mESifh ol&Sdaeonfh ae&mrSm ay oHk;q,fausmf av;q,feD;yg;
uGma0;aeonf/
c&D;vrf;rSm omref c&D;Murf; rdkifaygif; 3000-4000 avQmufoGm;&onfxufyif ydktE&m,f
rsm;vS\/ xkdtcsufudk oabmaygufvdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH; wpfa,muf ukd,f&Sdef owfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/
vif;vif;u ,ckuJhodkY BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk wD;cwfjyvdkufjcif;rSm
olr rnfonfh tE&m,frQ
usa&mufjcif; r&SdaMumif; today; vkdufjcif; jzpfonf/ xkdokdY vif;vif; ab;tE&m,fuif;aeygu
rdrdtaejzifh tb,faMumifh rdkufl;&Jvkyf&ef vkad wmhrnfenf;/
xkdodkY pOf;pm;rdojzihf vifh[lcsKH;onf ausmuf*leH&HodkY wjznf;jznf; qkwfavawmhonf/ aemufqHk;
ausmuf*leH&HESifhausmcsif; uyfrdaom tcgrS oufjyif;&SnfBuD; csrdavawmhonf/
em;xJwGif ckwfoH xpfoHrsm; Mum;ae&aomfvnf; olYrl ab;b,mr&Sd at;Nidrf;aebd\/
vifh[lcsKH;u ausmuf*ludk ausmrSD pOf;pm;aerdonf/
]]tif; ... igh&JU "m;odkif;u b,favmufyJ aumif;aumif; 'Davmuf ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaewJh
tarSmifxJrSmawmh vlNydef;wpfa,muf&JU "m;odkif;vdkjzpfaerSmyJ/ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;u &efol&JU
"m;uGufudk jrifawGU&rS [muGufudk &SmEkdif? awGUEdkifwm/ tckvdk arSmifBuD;xJrSm rjrifruef;eJY b,f"m;odkif;&JU
[muGufudk oGm;&SmEdkifrSmvJ/ tckawmh onf;cHNyD;apmifh&rSmyJ/ tcGifhta&;&wmeJY vif;vif;eJY jyefqHkatmif
vkyf&r,f}}
twefMumaomtcg qlnHatmf[pfoHrsm;? ckwfoH xpfoHrsm; wjznf;jznf; NidrfusoGm;awmh\/ odkYaomf
ajrBuD;ay: vJus'gPf&m&um vJusaeolrsm;\ nnf;nLoHrsm;udkrl pdwfrcsrf;ajrUzG,f Mum;ae&ao;\/
vifh[lcsKH;u tajctaeudk oHk;oyfvdkufonf/
]]raoyJ usefwJholawGuawmh ausmuf*leH&Hudk ausmay;NyD; &yfxm;wJholawGyJ jzpfvdrfhr,f/ 'DvlawG[m
odkif;vnf;awmf? OmPfvnf;aumif;wJh olawGyJjzpfr,f/ 'Dae&mrSm okdif;ynm b,favmufawmfawmf? OmPf
r&Sd&ifawmh aorSm rkcsyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;udk atmfac:vdkufonf/ jyefxl;oH rMum;&ay/ xyf atmfvkdufjyefonf/
]]vif;vif;}}
cyfvSrf;vSrf; rsufESmcsif;qdkif ae&mavmufrS BudK;wyfwl&d,moHESpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf
0rf;omtm;&jzifh a&SUodkY ckefxGufvdkufonf/ xkdw'*F twGif; t&m&mudk arhavsmhoGm;onf/ vif;vif;ESifh
jyefvnf; qHkqnf;&efom olYpdwfxJwGif &Sdawmhonf/
xkdodkY ckefxGufvkdufaomtcg ol\ajcaxmufu vlwpfa,muf\udk,fay:odkY eif;rdvsufom; jzpfoGm;awmh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1071
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
onf/ wpfNydKifwnf;vdkvdkrSmyif avwdk;oHwpfcsufudkvnf; Mum;vdkuf&\/ "m;jzifh ckwfvdkufjcif;om jzpfay

rnf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaeonfh tarSmifxkBuD; twGif; rsufaph ]tjriftm;} udk toHk;rjyK
Edkifaomfvnf; twGif;tm; tvGef aumif;ojzifh em; ]tMum;tm;} udkrl aumif;pGm toHk;csEkdifao;onf/
xkdYaMumifh rlv &yfaecJhonfh ae&modkY uref;uwef; aemufqkwf vdkuf&jyef awmhonf/ ausmuf*leH&HESifh
jyef ausmrSD xm;vdkuf &jyef\/ pdwfat;at;xm;um pOf;pm;vdkufonf/
]]ajrBuD;ay:rSm 'gPf&m&jyD; raoyJ vJusaewJhvlawG tawmfrsm;rsm; &SdaeyHk&w,f/ 'Dtwdkif; avQmufoGm;
ae&if rjzpfbl;/ trsm;BuD; tE&m,f &Sw
d ,f}}
xdkpOfwGif touf tawmftwef &aeyHkay:aom vlBuD; wpfa,muf\ toHwpfoHu vdkPfacgif; twGif;
ay:xGufvmonf/ qifjcif pOf;pm;OmPfESifh jynhfpHkaom vlBuD;olr wpfa,mufjzpfaMumif; olYpum;rsm;u
oufaocH vsuf&Sdae\/
]]tm;vHk; ... wqdwfavmuf em;axmifMuyg/ tckqdk&if usKyfwdkY tm;vHk;[m &ufykcRef&JU axmifacsmuf
xJudk 0ifrdaeMuNyD/ tckvdk tm;vHk;twGuf tE&m,fqdk;BuD; usa&mufaecsdefrSm tm;vHk; pdwfwludk,fwl
vufwGJNyD; 'DtE&m,f qdk;BuD;u vGwfatmifBudK;pm;oifhygw,f/ tJovdk tE&m,fu vGwfatmif rBudK;pm;yJ
tcsif;csif; ckwfxpfaeMu&ifawmh tukefvHk; 'kua&mufukefygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dawmh tm;vHk;yJ pOf;pm;Muyg/
tm;vHk; touf&Sifatmif nDnDnGwfnGwf vufwGJrvm;/ 'grSr[kwf tusKd;rJh tcsnf;ESD; aojcif;rsKd;eJY aoMu
rvm;/ 'gudk pOf;pm;Muyg}}
xdktcg vltawmfrsm;rsm;u xdkvlBuD;\ pum;udk atmf[pf axmufcH vkdufMuonf/
]][kwfw,f ... [kwfw,f ... tm;vHk; vufwGJ Mu&if aumif;r,f ... 'grS tm;vHk; touf&SifMur,f}}
vifh[lcsKH;u toHrsm;udk em;axmif vl oHk;q,fausmfcefY &Sdrnf[k cefYrSef;vdkufonf/ xkdvltm;vHk;
ausmuf*leH&Hudk ausmuyf &yfxm;MuaMumif; olwdkY\toHrsm;u azmfjyvsuf&SdMu\/ xkdodkY pOf;pm;OmPf
&Sdjcif;uyif olwkdY\ toufudk u,fwifvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/
yxrqHk; pum;ajymvdkufonfh vlBuD;uyif quf ...
]]usKyfu xdkufqef;*dkPf;u &aohBuD; &dcsKH;yg/ tm;vHk;&JU tusKd;twGuf usKyfu tck arwm&yfcH ygw,f/
vlwdkif;vlwkdif; udk,fhvufxJu "m;awGudk jyefodrf;vdkufMuyg/ ... "m;tdrfxJudk "m;awG jyefodrf;vkdufMuyg/
tarSmifxJrSm wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf
rawmfwq xdcdkufrd&ifvnf; rwdkufcdkufMuygeJY ... 'Dtwdkif;
vkyfaqmifzdkY tm;vHk;yJ uwday; EkdifMuovm;}}
vltm;vHk;u wnDwnGwf wnf;yif oabmwlaMumif; atmf[pf qEay;Muonf/ xdkYaemuf "m;rsm;udk
"m;tdrfrsm;twGif; jyefvnf odrf;qnf; vkdufonfh ]wajzmif;ajzmif;} toHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&avawmhonf/
&aohBuD; &dcsKH;u ]] aumif;w,f/ qifjcifwHk w&m;&SdwJh olwkdif; tckvkd vdrfvdrfrmrm vkyfMurSmyJ/ ...
tm;vHk; udk,fhemrnf udk,fxkwfajymMuyg/ 'grS vufwGJ aqmifGufwJhtcg ydkNyD; t&ma&mufr,f}}
odkYjzifh odkif;orm;rsm; wpfa,mufNyD; wpfa,muf emrnfrsm;udk xkwfazmf ajymqdkMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;
awG;xifxm;ovdkyif usef&Sd aeolrsm;rSm *dkPf;oHk;*dkPf;rS 0gpOfBuD; yk*dKvfrsm;jzpfaMumif; od&Sdvdkuf&onf/
olYtvSnfh a&mufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; olYemrnfudk xkwfazmf ajymqdkvdkufonf/
]]usKyfuawmh [efqef;*dkPf;u vifh[lcsKH; yg/ usKyfvnf; cifAsm;wdkYeJY b0wl jzpfaeNyDqdkawmh cifAsm;wdkYeJY
vufwGJzdkY tqifoifhygyJ/}}
vltm;vHk;rSm ][if} ueJ jzpfoGm;Muavawmhonf/ olwdkYtm;vHk; tvGef tHhMooGm; Muonf/ vifh[lcsKH;
uJhodkYaom vlwpfa,mufonf uJhodkYaom ausmufvdkPf*l acgif;twGif; (olwdkYuJhodkY) ydwfavSmif cH&vdrfhrnf
r[kwf[k ,lqxm; Mu[efwl\/
vlwpfa,mufu ...
]]usKyfawmh tawmftm;wufoGm;NyD/ [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vifh[lcsKH;yg 'DtxJrSm &Sdaew,fqkad wmh
vGwfajrmufzdkY MuHpnf&mrSm ydkNyD; vG,fuloGm;wmaygh/ aumif;w,f ... odyfaumif;w,f}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1072
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;onf olrsm; pdwfxJ jzpfay:aeaom tawG;rsm;udk aumif;pGm od&Sdvdkufonf/ rdrd\

odkif;ynmrS vGefpGm aumif;rGefvSojzihf rdrdESifhom twl&Sdaeygu ausmufvdkPf*l acgif;twGif;rS touf&Sif
vGwfajrmuf&ef vrf;p ydkrsm;onf[k xkdolrsm; wGufqxm;aMumif; vifh[lcsKH; aumif;pGm odaerdonf/
xdkpOf &aohBuD; &dcsKH;u ...
]]aumif;NyD ... tck usKyfwdkYtaeeJY yxrqHk; vkyfoifhwJh tvkyfwpfckudk pvkyfvdkuf Mu&atmif/ vufxJrSm
rD;jcpfausmuf&SdaewJh vlu rD;jcpfNyD;awmh atmufrSm usaewJh rD;wkwaf wGudk rD;ndvdkufyg}}
tm;vHk;u 0rf;omtm;& wnDwnGwfwnf; atmf[pfvdkufMuonf/
]][kwfw,f ... ighudku bmjzpfvkdY 'Dtcsufudk rpOf;pm;rdyJ jzpfae&wmvJ/ rD;jyefvif;vmrS tE&m,fu
vGwfuif;awmhrSmaygh/ rD;xGef;Mua[h/ rD;jyefxGef;Mu}}
xdkYaemuf rD;pmrsm;udk jyefpGJavmif vmawmh\/
xdktcg urmOD;vlom;rsm;u aerif;BuD;\ tvif;a&mifudk& 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfoGm;MuouJhodkY
avSmifydwfrdaeaom odkif;orm;rsm;onf 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om atmf[pfa<u;aMumf vdkufMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf ausmuf*lBuD; wpfckvHk;udk ywfywfvnf tuJcwf MunfhIvkdufonf/ xkdtcg ausmuf*leH&H
udk ausmay;&yfaeol vltawmfrsm;rsm;udk awGUvdkuf&awmh\/ olwdkY\ cEmudk,fESifh rsufESmrsm;ay:wGif
aoG;rsm; ayusHaeawmh\/ kyfoGifrsm;rSm vGefpGm aMumufrufzG,f&m aumif;aeawmhonf/
tcsKdUaom olrsm;url "m;rsm;udk "m;tdrfwGif;odkY rxnfhao;yJ vufwGif; qkyfudkifxm;qJ &Sdao;aMumif;
awGU&Sd&onf/ xko
d lrsm;um; tvGef owdBuD; aomolrsm; jzpfMuayawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf olESihf rsufESmcsif;qdkif&Sd eH&HzufodkY avQmufoGm;NyD; vif;vif;udk &SmazG&ef [efjyifvdkuf
onf/ ,ckuJhodkY at;jidrf;aom tajctae tvsiftjref &SmazG&ayrnf/
xkdpOf vkdPfacgif;wGif; wpfae&mrS vlwpfa,muf\ atmf[pf trdefYay;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]wdkufawmh}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf wuG &SdESifhNyD;jzpfaom odkif;orm;rsm;rSm vGefpGm tHhMo xdwfvefYoGm;Muawmh\/ xdkpOf
"m;udk,fpD pGJuidk fxm;aom vlwpfpkonf olwdkYvltkyf&Sd&modkY wpf&Sdefxdk;ajy;vmaMumif; awGv
Y kduf Mu&awmhonf/
ausmufvdkPf*lwGif; &SdaeMuaom odkif;orm;rsm;u wpfjydKifeufwnf; atmfvdkufrdMuonf/
]]b,folawGvJ ... a[h}}
wpfzufrS jyefajzoHrMum;&yJ olwdkYtm; w[kefxdk; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkuf vmaomtcg olwdkYuvnf;
"m;rsm;udk tvsiftjrefqGJxkwf jyefvSef wkdufcdkufMu&awmh\/ kwfkwfoJoJ wkdufyGJrsm;aMumifh rD;wkwf
rsm;vnf; jyef Nidrf;oGm;awmh\/ ausmuf*lBuD; wpfckvHk; tarSmifBuD; zHk;oGm;&jyef awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmrl apmapmu oGm;rnf[k &nfG,fxm;aom ausmuf*l eH&HzufodkY ckefxGufum eH&Hab;wGif
ydjym;pGm uyfaevdkuf &awmhonf/
wGif vlwpfa,muf\ atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&awmhonf/
]]tvGwfray;eJY ... 'D acG;aumifawG tm;vHk;udk ckwfowfypfvkduf/ wpfa,mufrS csrf;omcGifhray;eJY}}
aemufrS 0ifa&mufwkdufcdkufvmol vlpku xkdol\ pum;udk oabmwlaMumif; wpfa,mufwpfayguf
axmufcHMuonf/
xkdtcdkuf ydwfrdcHae&onfh yxr vltkyfxJrS odkif;orm;ckESpfa,mufcefYu ...
]]'g ... 'g ... usdvifxef ... usdvifxef&JU toHyJ}}
xkdtcg vltcsKdU\ tm;wufoa&m atmf[pf ajymqdk vdkufoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]q&m ... q&m ... uRefawmfwdkY 'DrmS &Sdw,f}}
odkY tjyeftvSef ajymaeaom pum;rsm;aMumifh aemuf0ifvmaom vlpk\acgif;aqmifrSm usdvifxefrSef;
vifh[lcsKH; odvdkuf&onf/ usdvifxef\avoHrSm vGefpGm rmausmae aMumif;vnf; owdjyKvdkufrdonf/
olYpdwfxJwGif ...
]]vufpowfawmh axmifacsmufqifvdkufwo
Jh lu usdvifxefudk;/ q&m r[kwfbl;yJ/ iga&m olwdkYa&m
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1073
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
q&mhudk txifrSm;aeMuwmyJ}}
usdvifxefu at;pufrmausmaom toHjzifh . . .
]]rif;wkdYu ighudk q&mvdkY ac:&Jao;w,f . . . [kwfvm;/ rif;wdkY &ufykcRefqDrmS opmqdkcJhMuwm arhNyDvm;/
&ufykcRefudk wpfoufvHk; opmrazmuf ygbl;vdkY uwdjyKawmhrS olu rif;wkdYudk 'Dausmuf*lxJ 0ifcGifhay;cJhwm
r[kwfvm;/ bmtckrS ighudk ]q&m} ... ]q&m} eJYac:aeMuwmvJ/ rif;wdkY[m ighwynfhawG r[kwfawmhbl; ... }}
usdvifxefu olYpum;udk acw &yfwefv
Y dkufNyD;rS ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;vnf; 'Dudk a&mufaew,faygh/ .. 'Dudk rif; bmvmvkyfwmvJ ... ajymprf;}}
]]cifAsm;u bmpum;ajymwmvJ/ 'Dae&mu usKyf&JU ae&ma[mif;yJ/ usKyf&JU ae&mudk usKyfzmom
vmcsifvmr,f/ rvmcsif rvmbl;/ 0ifcsif&if 0ifr,f/ r0ifcsif&if r0ifbl;/ usKyf oabmtwdkif; qHk;jzwf
ydkifcGifh&Sdw,f/ aeprf;ygOD; cifAsm;ua&m bmjzpfvdkY 'Dudkvm&ovJ}}
]][if; ... ao&awmhr,fhvlu tckxufxd rma&ausma& ajymwkef;ygvm;/ rif;u ighudk 'Dvdk
dkif;dkif;pdkif;pdkif; qufqH&Jwmudkawmh igawmfawmf tHhMow,f/ acG;aumif .. rMumcif rif;ao&aphr,f/}}
]]cifAsm;ursm; ajymif;jyefajymae&ao;w,f/ cifAsm;uom ,kwf,kwfrmrm aumufaumufuspfuspfeJY
axmifacsmufqifwJh twGuf vlwkdif; vlwkdif; odkif;orm;wkdif;u cifAsm;udk owfypfoifhw,f/ vl,kwfrm
wpfa,muf avsmhoGm;&if urmMuD;twGuf qefukefajrav; wpfa,muf oufomoGm;wmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ pum;qHk;oGm;aomtcg
usdvifxefxHrS at;pufrmausmaom trdefYay;oH
xGufay:vmawmhonf/
]]vifrdefusuf ... 'Daumifhudk &Sif;ypfvu
dk f}}
csufcsif;yif tarSmifxk twGif;rS vlwpfa,muf\ toHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]][kwfuJh}}
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdtoHudk aumif;pGm rSwfrdonf/ vifrdefusuf\ toHyifjzpf aeawmhonf/ olY&ifxJ
xdwfueJ jzpfoGm;awmh\/
]]vufpowfawmh vifrdefusufvnf; 'Dudk a&mufaewmudk; ... olwdkY ESpfa,mufu rsufuef;awGqdkawmh
onf&ufydkif;rSm rsufuef;"g;odkif;udk aumif;aumif; avhusifhxm;rSmyJ/ igwdkYtwGufawmh awmfawmfav;
raumif;wJh tcsufyJ/ arSmifxJrSmqdkawmh olwdkYu igwdkYxuf trsm;BuD;omaerSm aocsmw,f/ 'Davmuf
ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaewJh txJrSm igu b,fhES,fhvkyf wdkufcdkufEdkif awmhrSmvJ/ igh&JU "m;odkif;udkvnf; b,fvdk
xkwfoHk; &awmhrSmvJ/ tcktcsdefrSm igvnf; rsufuef; wpfa,mufeJY bmrS rxl;awmhbl;/}}
xdktawG;udk awG;vdkufrdjcif;aMumifh aZmacR;rsm; jyefvmawmh\/ rdrdtwGuf tajctae raumif;vSonfudk
awG;vdkufrdojzifh vHk;0 toHrjyK&Jawmhacs/
vifrdefusufu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... b,fhES,fhvJ ol&Jaumif;BuD;&JU? odkif;avmurSm vifh[lcsKH; ... vifh[lcsKH; eJY wcsKH;wnf; csKH;NyD;
emrnf 'DavmufBuD;aewm tckawmh ighvufeJY ao&awmhr,f/ [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... }}
vifrdefusufu &,f&if; wpfvSrf;csif; wkd;vmawmh\/
vifrdefusuf OD;wnfvmonfh ae&mrSm vifh[lcsKH;&Sd&modkY wnfhwnfhrwfrwfyif jzpfawmh\/ aorif;\
ajcvSrf;rsm;yrmyif wpfvSrf;csif; vSrf;vmaeonf/
vifrdefusufonf cyfapmapmu usdvifxefESifhvif[
h lcsKH;wdkY pum;ajymcJhpOfu vifh[lcsKH;\ avoHxGuf
ay:vm&m ae&mudk rSwfom;xm;cJh\/ xkdYaMumifh ,ck rQ wef;wef;rwfrwf vmEdkifjcif; jzpfawmhonf/
xdkpOf vlwpfa,muf\ wm;jrpfoH xGufay:vmjyefonf/
]]aeOD; ... vifh[lcsKH;u igwdkY&JUrsufvHk;awGudk azmufypfcJhwm/ 'DaeY 'Daumif igwdkYvufxJ a&mufvmNyD
qdkawmh igwkdYuvnf; olvkyfcJhovkd olYudk jyefvkyfNyD; vufpm;acs&r,f/}}
xdkYaemuf vlq,fa,mufausmf\ pl;pl;0g;0g; atmf[pf axmufcHoH rsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&NyD; xdkvlrsm; olYxH
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1074
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
avQmufvSr;f vmonfh ajcoHrsm;udkyg xyfqifh Mum;vdkuf&awmhonf/

vifh[lcsKH;rSm ydk &ifxdwfoGm;awmhonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ,ck ajymqkdvdkufolrsm;rSm wpfcsdefwkef;u
bk&m;ausmif;ysufBuD;twGif;wGif rdrdu rsufaphxdk;azmufcJhol vlq,fig;a,muf\ toHrsm; jzpfaeaom
aMumifhyifwnf;/
xdkajcoHrsm; olYzufokdY avQmufvmaeaMumif; odvdkuf&onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;onf vuf0JzufodkY ajcav;
vSrf;cefY aTUvdkufonf/ xkdodkYaTU&mwGif ajcoHudk vHkEdkiforQvHkatmif owdBuD;pGmxm;NyD; aTUajymif;vkdu&f onf/
xdkpOf olapmapmu &yfaecJhaom ausmufeH&Hay:odkY "m;rsm;jzifh xdk;ESufwdkufcdkuf aeoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&
awmhonf/
vifh[lcsHK;twGuf tvGef uHaumif;oGm;onf/ olonf vuf0JzufodkY aTUajymif;&mwGif toHvHkEdkiforQ
vHkatmif xdef;odrf;aomfvnf; toHuawmh xGufjzpfatmif xGufoGm;vdkufao;onf/ odkYaomf vlq,fa,muf?
q,fig;a,mufcefY wpfNydKifeuf vrf;avQmufvmaom ajcoHrsm;ESifh a&maxG;oGm;ojzifh vifh[lcsKH; a&Smifwdrf;
vdkufonfh ajcoHrsm;udk &efolrsm;u rMum;EkdifyJ jzpfoGm;&onf/
tajctaersKd; OmPfulrSom touf csrf;om&m &Edkifonfudk awG;rdvdkufojzifh vifh[lcsKH;u udk,fudk
0yf ajrBuD;ay:odkY vufjzifh prf;oyfvdkufonf/ prf;awGU&Sdaom "m;wpfacsmif;udkaumuf ab;buf
wpfae&modkY vTifhypfvdkufonf/ xdktcg vlwpfa,mufudk xdoGm;ojzifh pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfoHwpfcsuf
ay:xGufvm\/ rsufuef;rsm;onf xkdatmfoHMum;&mqDodkY csufcsif;ajy;um wkducf dkufMuawmhonf/
xkdYaemuf ausmuf*lxJrS odkif;orm; tm;vHk;wkdYonf rsufuef;rsm;ESifh tjyif;txef wkdufcdkufMu&av
awmhonf/ onfodkif;orm;rsm;rSm tjyif vGefpGmxufjrufMuolrsm; jzpfMuaomfvnf; tarSmifxkBuD;
twGif;rl rsufuef;rsm;ESifh rnfodkYrQ ,SOfNydKifr&yJ jzpfae\/
vifh[lcsKH;url ausmufeH&Hab;rS vHk;0 rcGmacs/ olYpdwfxJwGif usdvifxef taMumif;udk awG;aerdonf/
]]usdvifxefuawmh wpfu,fhvlyJ/ vifrdefusufeJY 'Drsufuef;awGudk ac:vmNyD; igwkdYudk wdkufcdkufwm
'DtarSmifudk tm;udk;NyD; vmwkdufwmyJ/ 'gayr,fh 0gqef;awmifxyd frSm 'DvdkPfacgif; &Sdaew,fqdkwmudk
olb,fvkdvkyfNyD; odEdkifcJhovJ rodbl;/}}
odkYaomf csufcsif;vkdvdkyif xdktcsufudk oabmaygufvdkufrdonf/
]]aMomf ... [kwfNyD ... nDrav; vdefvdefawmif 'DausmufvdkPfacgif;udk odNyD;wJhaemuf vifrdefusufvJ
odoGm;rSmyJ/ vifrdefusufodrSawmh usdvifxefvnf; odoGm;awmhrSmaygh}}
xkdpOf vifrdefusufxHrS atmfoHxGufvmonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... rif;owdr&Sdbl;vm;/ bmjzpfvdkY ykef;ae&wmvJ/ odkif;avmurSm 'Davmuf emrnfBuD;wJh
aumifu bmjzpfvkdY aMumufae&wmvJ/ rif;tpm; igawmh &Sufw,fuGm/ owd&SdwJhvl[m 'Davmuf ykef;raebl;
uG/ rif;a,mufsm;r[kwf bl;vm;/}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf owd&Sdoljzpfonf/ odkYaomf rdkufl;&J vkyfwwfol r[kwfacs/
olYpdwfxJrS wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf/
]]rif;wdkYursm; ajym&w,f &Sdao;w,f/ rif;wkdYuaum a,mufsm;yDovdkYvm;/ rif;wkdYu npfywfwJh enf;eJY
tEkdif,lcsif aeMuwmyJ/ igu vlrdkufvyk fNyD; b,fxGufygvdrrfh vJ/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u xkdae&myif Nidrfouf wdwfqdwfpGm xkdifaevdkufonf/ olYxHrS wpfpHkwpfckaom toHrQ
rxGufoGm; ap&efudkrl vGefpGm *kpdkufxm;onf/ ao;i,faom toHuav; wpfoHonfyif aorif;udk vuf,yf
ac:iifovdk jzpfrnfudk olaumif;pGm odxm;onf/
usdvifxefu atmf ...
]]'DxJrSm &SdaewJh vlawG tm;vHk; opmazmufawGcsnf;yJ ... 'DopmazmufawGudk bmaMumifhvTwfay;&rvJ/
'DxJuvlawGudk wpfa,mufrusef owfypf&r,f/ vifh[lcsKH;uaum bmaumifrdkYvJ/ 'Dae&muae
vGwfajrmufzdkYqdkwm iSufvdk tawmifaygufvJ r&bl;/ ajrvsKd;vdakY um vGwfr,fxifovm;/ a[haumif
vifh[lcsKH; ... rif; ... igwdkY vufxJu b,fvkdrS rvGwfEdkifbl;/ xGufchpJ rf;/ a,mufsm;yDyD wkdufzkdY xGufcJhprf;/}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1075
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;xHrS rnfonfh toHrQ rMum;&yJ NidrfoufNrJ Nidrfoufaeonf/

usdvifxefu a'gowBuD;jzifh atmf[pf trdefYay;vdkufonf/
]]aumif;NyD ... rif;u xGufrvmbl;aygh/ 'DxJrSm &Sd&SdorQ vlawGudk owfypfvdkufprf;/ 'Daumifu 'D*lxJrSm
acG;aovdk aocsifwJhaumif ... uJ ... owfMuawmh}}
xdkpum;oHqHk;onfESifh ausmuf*lxJ "m;ckwfoHrsm; tqufrjywf Mum;&avawmhonf/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1076
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
0gqef;ausmuf*l
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ajrBuD;ay:wGif xkdifaeoljzpf rnfolrQ olYxHodkY vma&muf wdkufcdkufjcif;r&Sdacs/ olu
xdkifaeaomfvnf; owdrvGwfacs/ xdkYtjyif vif;vif;\ toHudkvnf; em;pGifhxm;ao;onf/ olYpdwfxw
J Gif ...
]]vif;vif;u ighxuf trsm;BuD; OmPfaumif;w,f/ ighxuf yg;&nfeyf&nf &Sdw,f/ 'D*lxJrSm tE&m,f
t&SdqHk; tjyKtrl[m toHxGufwmyJ qdkwmudk vif;vif; aumif;aumif; odrSmyg/ vHk;0 toHjyKrSm r[kwfygbl;}}
*lxJrS odkif;orm;rsm;rSm rsufuef;rsm;ESifh tjyif;txef wkdufcdkufaeMuonf/ wkdufcdkuf&if;vJ wpfOD;ESifh
wpfOD; atmf[pfqJqdk aeMuao;onf/ xdkuJhodkY atmf[pfqJqdkoHrsm; tMum; ]acG;aoemaumif} [laom
qJqdkoHrSm rMumcP Mum;ae&onf/ ]acG;aoemaumif} [laom qJoHrSm vGefpGm em;pl;apaom qJoHjzpfonf/
vlvlcsif; omreftm;jzifh qJqdkvQif ]acG;aumif} [lvnf;aumif;? ]acG;rom;} [lvnf;aumif;
qJqdkayvdrfhrnf/ odkY rqJcsifyguvnf; ]aoemaumif} [lvnf;aumif;? ]aoem} [lvnf;aumif;
qJayvdrfhrnf/ ,ckuJhodkY ]acG;aoemaumif} [l qJqdkjcif;rsKd;rSm vGefpGm &Sm;yg;vS\/
xkdqJqdkoHESifh ywfouf vifh[lcsKH;onf tawG;eufae rdawmhonf/
]]tif; ... onfvdkqJwmrsKd;uawmh tifrwef &Sm;yg;wmyJ/ r[kwfrSvGJa&m 'gu rsufuef;
q,fig;a,muf&JU e,frSm oHk;avhoHk;x&SdwJh tqJpum;eJY wlw,f/}}
awG;&if;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;u qJoHrsm;udk txl;*kjyK em;pdkufrdonf/ wGif olonf xl;jcm;aom
tcsufwpfcsufudk owdjyKrdonf/ xdktcsufrSm wpfcgwpf&H vlESpfa,mufpvHk;xHrS ]acG;aoemaumif} [laom
qJqdkoH xGufay:vmaomtcg vufeufjcif; dkufcwfoH vHk;0 rxGufay:vmjcif; jzpfonf/
wdkufcdkuf&ef &nfG,fxm;aom vufeufrsm;onf tvdktavsmuf &yfwefYoGm; [efwlonf/ tu,f
wpfzufrS qJqdkoH xGufay:vmNyD; tjcm;wpfzufrS twdkif; jyefvSef rqJaomtcg ckwfxpf wdkufcdkufoHrsm;
xGufay:vmonfudk vifh[lcsKH; owdxm; vdkufrdonf/
csufcsif;yif vifh[lcsKH;u oabmaygufvdkufonf/
]]aMomf ... vufpowfawmh 'gu rsufuef;awGtcsif;csif; vlrrSm;atmif tcsdef;tcsufvkyfwJh pum;0Sufudk;
... tif; usdvifxef ... usdvifxef ... tm;vHk;udk tuGufaphaph pDpOfxm;wmyguvm;}}
rsufuef;rsm;rSm rnfonfh t&mudkrQ rjrifrawGU&yJ toHMum;&m ae&mrSeforQ wdkufcdkufxdk;ckwf
aeMu&olrsm;jzpf &efolESifhrdwfaqG cGJjcm;&ef tvGefvdktyfonf/ xkdodkY rcGJjcm;Edkifygu rdrdwdkY tcsif;csif;
jyefvnfwkdufcdkufrdNyD; tm;vHk; tusKd;enf;ukef ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkYu pum;0Sufukd BudKwif pDpOf
vmMujcif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1077
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkYxJrS wpfa,mufa,mufaomolu pum;0Sufudk BudKwif qJxm;vkdufonf/ wpfzufvlu

xdkpum;0Suftwdkif; jyefqJygu rdrdwdkYvljzpfojzifh xkdvludk xyf rwdkufcdkufawmh/
tjcm;zufodkYom
OD;vSnfhawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf xkdtcsufudk oabmayguf vkdufonfESifh "m;udkqGJ x&yfvdkuf awmhonf/ olYem;xJwGif
]acG;aoemaumif} [laom qJqdkoHrsm; ydkrsm;vmonf udkvnf; owdjyKvdkufrdonf/
"m;"m;csif; dkufcwfrdaom toHrsm;vnf; usJvmawmhonf/ *dkPf; oHk;*dkPf;rS odkif;orm;rsm; IH;edrhfoGm;NyD
jzpfaMumif; oufaoyif jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;vJus aoqHk;oGm;[ef wlonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm wpfcsdefvHk; vif;vif;\ toHudk rMum;&yJ jzpfaeojzifh vGefpGm pdwfylaerdonf/
twefMumaomtcg wdkufyGJ NyD;qHk;oGm;awmhonf/ xkdtcg usdvifxefu ...
]]tm;vHk; ausmuf*lxJrSm uefYvefYjzwfavQmufNyD; "m;udk a0SY,rf; ckwfxpfMu}}
rsufuef;tm;vHk;onf usdvifxef bmaMumifh uJhodkY trdefYay;onfudk aumif;pGm oabmaygufMuonf/
xdk;ckwf wdkufcdkufjcif;udk &yfqdkif;vdkufawmh\/ xkdYaemuf usdvifxef\ trdefYtwdkif; ausmuf*lxJ
vSnfhywfckwx
f pf aeMuawmh\/
kwfw&uf "m;ESpfacsmif;\ avxkudk wdk;cGJoHudk vifh[lcsKH; Mum;vdkuf&onf/ olESifh vGefpGm eD;uyf&um;
vifh[lcsKH;onf "m;jzifh uref;uwef;umvdkuf&jyD; tufuGJaomavoHjzifh ]acG;aoemaumif} [k atmfqJvdkuf
&\/ xkdtcg wpfzufrS jyefqJoHMum;vdkuf&jyD; olYxHodkY wkd;0ifvmrnfh "m;csufrsm;vnf; &yfwefYoGm;
avawmhonf/
vif;vif;twGuf vifh[lcsKH;rSm idkcsifpdwfyif aygufvmawmhonf/ vif;vif;tm; atmfac:csifaeonfh
olYpdwfudk renf;yif zdESdyfrsKdodyf xdef;odrf;ae&awmhonf/
]]tm;vHk; ... &yfvu
kd fawmh}}
rsufuef;tm;vHk;onf xkd;ckwf wdkufcdkuf aejcif;rsm;udk vHk;0 &yfqdkif; vdkufawmh&m vdkPfacgif;BuD;
wpfckvHk; vH;k 0 Nidrfouf wdwfqdwfoGm;awmh\/
]][m; ... [m; ... [m; ... 'DaeYigwdkY&JU &efolawG tm;vHk;udk tjywf&Sif;vdkufEdkifNyD/ ol&Jaumif;BuD;vkyfaewJh
vifh[lcsKH;vnf; aooGm;jyD/ [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... ighudk vmwkvdkY b,f&rvJ/ usdvifxefuG ... usdvifxef
... [m; ... [m; ... [m; / igwdkY&JU &efolrSeforQ usLyifckwf usLikwfrusef&atmif &Sif;ypfr,f/ vifh[lcsKH;
ckawmh rif;aoNyD ... acG;ao aoNyD r[kwfvm;/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm toufudkatmifh Nidrfaerdonf/ usdvifxefxHrS pum;oHquf xGufay:vmonf/
]]nDav;vifrdefusuf ... b,fhES,fvJ/ rif;&JUwpfoufwmrSm trkef;qHk;jzpfaewJhvludk &Sif;ypfEdkifcJhjyDqdkawmh
rif;taeeJY auseyfa&maygh}}
]]auseyfwmaygh tpfudkBuD;&,f ... 'gayr,fh tckvdk vufpm;acsEdkifwm uRefawmfh tpGrf;aMumifhawmh
r[kwfygbl; ... tpfudkBuD;&JU tpGrf;aMumifhyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJwGif awG;vdkufonf/
]]atmf ... olwkdYu nD&if;tpfudkvkd ac:a0:qufqH aeMuwmudk; ... vifrdefusufqdkwJh aumifav;uawmh
usdvifxeftaMumif;bmrS od[efrwlbl;/ usdvifxefuvJ olYtay: aysmhaysmhaysmif;aysmif; qufqHaewmvJ
ygrSmaygh}}
]]nDav; vifrdefusuf ... 'Dausmuf*lxJrSm wpfjcm;0ifayguf &Sdao;w,fqdkwm rif;omodrxm;&if igwdkY&JU
'DtBuHtpnf[m atmifjrifrSm r[kwfbl;/ rif;aMumifhom tckvdk atmifatmifjrifjrif jzpfoGm;wm rif;twGuf
ig*kPf,lygw,f}}
]]tpfudkBuD; .. uRefawmfuawmh odyfNyD; rauseyfEkdifbl;/}}
]]bmjzpfvdkYvJ nDav;/ vifh[lcsKH; aoNyD r[kwfvm;/ odkif;avmuxJrSm 'Daumif ajcrIyfEdkifawmhygbl;/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1078
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol&Jaumif;vnf; rvkyfEkdifawmhbl;/}}
]]'Dvdkyg tpfudkBuD; .. vifh[lcsKH;udk uRefawmhfvufeJY owfcsifwm/ ckawmh uRefawmhfvufeJY aoaocsmcsm
rowfvdkuf&wmudk rausreyfjzpfrdwmyg}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfxrJ S ajymvdkufrdonf/
]]igu rif;udk xdcdkufrdatmif bmwpfckrS rvkyfcJhbl;/ rif;u bmaMumifh ighudk 'Davmufawmif rkef;wD;ae&
wmvJ/ bmrsm; rkef;p&mtaMumif; &SdaevdkYvJ/ ighnDrav; vdefvdefudk owfxm;wmudkawmif jyefNyD; vufpm;
racs&ao;bl;}}
xdkpOf usdvifxefu avoHwkd;wkd;jzifh ...
]]uJ ... uJ ... igwdkYtm;vHk; tjrefqHk; jyefxGufMur,f/ ckcsdefavmufqdk&if &ufykcRefwpfa,muf *ljyif
zufem; a&mufaea&mhr,f/ tJ'g tifrwef ta&;BuD;w,f/ tjyifrSm rdk;rvif;cif tarSmifxJrSm 0dkif;wdkufrS
'Daumifhudk EdkifrSm/ EdkYr[kwf&if vG,frSm r[kwb
f l;/ tm;vHk; tjyifxGufMuayawmh}}
vifrdefusufu tm;wufoa&m 0if ajymvdkuf\/
]][kwfw,f ... &efolwpfa,mufawmh &Sif;oGm;NyD ... 'gayr,fh wpfa,mufusefao;w,f/ tJ'D
wpfa,mufu ydkNyD;awmhawmif *kpdkuf&OD;r,f}}
xdkYaemuf usdvifxefESifh vifrdefusuf OD;aqmifaom rsufuef;"g;orm;rsm;onf ausmuf*ltjyifzufodkY
wjznf;jznf; xGufcGmoGm;Muonf/ olwdkY0ifvmaom taygufrSyif xGufcGmoGm;jcif; jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ twefMum
aomtcg ajcoHrsm; vHk;0 wdwfqdwf NidrfoufoGm;awmh\/ rnfonfhajcoHrQ rMum;& awmhaomtcg
vifh[lcsKH;u avoHwdk;wdk;jzifh ar;vkdu\
f /
]]vif;vif; ... rif; b,frSmvJ[if}}
ol\acgif;ay:rS vif;vif;\toHxGufvmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;rSm vefYoGm;awmhonf/
]]tpfudk ... uRefr 'DrSm&Sdw,f .... toHrxGufeJYOD;}}
vif;vif;\toHudk Mum;vdkuf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm 0rf;omvGef;? pdwfvIyf&Sm;vGef; vSojzihf ajcaxmufrsm;
aysmhacGusoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;onf xdkae&myif xdkifcsvdku&f onf/
rsufuef; "m;orm;rsm; "m;jzifh avQmuf,rf;aepOf tvHkjcHKqHk;aomae&mrSm tjrifhydkif;omjzpfonf/
xkdae&modkY rnfonfh "m;csufrQ ra&mufEdkifay/ rnfolrQ tjrifhydkif;odkY &Sif;vif;&ef pOf;pm;rnfr[kwfacs/
oabmw&m;rSm vGefpGm dk;&Sif;aomfvnf; touftE&m,f BuHKawGUae&csdefwGif rnfolrQ xdkuJhodkY jyKrl&ef
pdwfrul;EdkifMuay/ vif;vif;rSmrl vifh[lcsKH; ,HkMunfxm;ovdkyif vGefpGmyg;eyfvSojzifh vltm;vHk; rpOf;pm;
rdonfh tcsufudk pOf;pm;rdum vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf toHk;cscJhonf/
vif;vif;u ausmufpGef;ay:rS ajrjyifay: ckefqif;vdkufonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u olrudk vSrf; ayGUzuf
xm;vdkufonf/ cspfolESpfa,mufvHk;rSm 0rf;om vGef;vSojzifh ayGYzufidk,krd dMuawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;u vif;vif;\ yg;uav;ESpfzufudk MuLMuLygatmif erf; avoHwdk;wdk; av;jzifh ...
]]apmapmwke;f u rif;twGuf pdk;&drfvGef;vdkY ... aoawmhravmufawmif jzpfaecJh&wm}}
vif;vif;u vifh[lcsKH;\ ayGUzuferf;IyfrIudk vHk;0ra&SmifawmhyJ vifh[lcsKH;udk jyefvnf ayGUzufxm;onf/
wkd;nif;aom avoHuav;jzifh vif;vif;u ...
]]uRefruawmh tpfudkYtwGuf odyfNyD; pdwfrylygbl;}}
]]bk&m;a& ... bmjzpfvdkYvJ}}
]]bmjzpf&rvJ ... tpfudk qJvdkufwJh ]acG;aoemaumif} qdkwJhtoHudk uRefr aumif;aumif;BuD; rSwfrdvdkYaygh}}
vifh[lcsKH;rSm w[m;[m &,farmrdawmhonf/ twefMumrS t&,f&yfEkdifNyD;
]]rif;awmh bmrS rxdcdkufygbl;aemf}}
]][ifhtif; ... bmrS rjzpfygbl;/ b,fvkdvkyfNyD; xdcdkufrSmvJ uRefru ab;&ef tvHkjcHKqHk;ae&mrSm
a&mufaewJh OpmyJ}}
]]tpyxrawmh igu odyfpdwfrylao;ygbl;/ BudK;wyfwl&d,moHudk Mum;xm;w,fav/ 'gayr,fh
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1079
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
aemufydkif; rMum;awmh pdwfylwmaygh/ aemufydkqdk;oGm;wmu rdef;uav; wpfa,muf&JU atmfoHoJhoJhudk

Mum;vdkuf&wmyJ/ rif;rsm;vm; qdkNyD; ig ... b,fvdkvkyf&rSef;awmif rodawmhbl;/ acgif;udk xlyloGm;awmhwmyJ}}
vif;vif;u wcpfcpf&,f&if; ...
]][if; .. tpfukYu
d dk wu,fcspfzkdY raumif;bl;}}
]][if .. bmjzpfvkdYvJ}}
]]bmjzpf&rvJ? ... uRefrtoHeJY wjcm; rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU toHeJY awmif cGJjcm;rodvkdYaygh/ 'g[m
udk,fhcspfol tay: *krpdkufbl;qdkwm jyaewmyJ/}}
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; w[m;[m;&,fvkduf&if; ...
]][kwfw,f/ 'Davmuf rcspfwwfwJh aumifudk vif;vif;taeeJY aumif;aumif; qHk;roifhw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u ajymajymqkdqdkESifh vif;vif;\ vufuav;udk qGJ,lum olYyg;ESpfzufudk dkufvdkufonf/
tomuav;om dkufjcif;jzpf vif;vif;rSm wcpfcpf &,faerdawmh\/
]]uRefr tay:udkckefwufwm tMumBuD;&Sdaewm/ olrsm;awG &dyfrdoGm;rSmpdk;vdkY vHk;0toHrxGufyJ
Nidrfae&wm/ BudK;wyfwl&d,muvnf; ajrBuD;ay:rSm usaeawmh tpfuu
dkY dk tcsufay;zkdY cufaewmaygh/}}
]][if ... 'gjzifh BudK;wyfwl&d,mESpfcsufwD;NyD; tcsufay;wmu b,fvdkvJ}}
]]tJ'gu 'Dvdk ... tpfudk pdk;&drfwBuD; jzpfaerSmudk uRefrodw,f/ b,fvdk tcsufay;&rvJudk pOf;pm;vdkuf
awmh aemufqHk;rSm tBuHwpfck&w,f/ 'geJY BudK;wyfwl&d,musaewJh ae&mudk '*Fg;jym;eJYrSef;NyD; aygufvdkuf
w,f/ tJovdkeJY toHxGufatmif vkyfvkduf&wm}}
]]atmf? vufpowfawmh 'Dvdkudk;/ vif;vif; rif;[m wu,ftoHk;ruswJh a,musfm; wpfa,mufudkrS
cspfrdaewmudk;/ igawmh odyftHhMoaewmyJ/ b,fES,f wpfcsufwD;NyDwmeJU &yfvdkuf ... aemufwpfcsuf
wD;NyD;wmeJY &yfvdkufeJY ... bmrsm;jzpfaewmvJ ... aygh}}
vif;vif;rSm vifh[lcsKH;\ tajymudk oabmusNyD; wcpfcpf &,faeawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u quf ...
]]bmjzpfvdkY igwdkYESpfa,muf wD;aeusjzpfwJh oDcsif;udk rwD;wmvJvdkY ... igu rif;&JUtjzpfudk vHk;0 rpOf;pm;
rdcJhyJudk;/ b,favmufwkef;wJh? twJh? a,mufsm;vJvdkY ...}}
vifh[lcsKH; ayGUzufxm; onfudk vif;vif;onf NidrfoufpGm cH,lae&if;rS ...
]]tarSmifBuD;xJrSm aiG'*Fg;ypfNyD; oDcsif;jzpfatmif wD;wwf&ifawmh uRefr[m wu,fh ewforD;av;wpfyg;
jzpfaeNyD}}
vifh[lcsKH;u &,farm ...
]]tckvnf; rif;[m ightwGuf ewforD;av; wpfyg;ygyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;\ avoHrSm ajymifacsmfacsmfESifh aemufajymifaom oabmrsm; yg&Sdaeojzifh vifh[lcsKH;\
&ifcGifwGif;rS kef;xGuf&ef vif;vif;u BudK;pm;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;u vHk;0rvTwfyJ ayGUzufxm;ojzifh
vif;vif;rSm kef;rxGufEdkifyJ jzpfaeonf/
xdkpOf vdkPfacgif;wGif; wpfae&mrS avSmif&,f&,foHwpfckudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ vif;vif;a&m vifh[lcsKH;yg
tvefYwMum; jzpfoGm;awmh\/
vif;vif;\cg;udk b,fvufjzifh zufxm;vkdufNyD; nmvufu "m;udkudkifum vifh[lcsKH;u csufcsif;
rwfwwf&yfvkdufonf/ xkdpOfyif at;pufrmausmaom toH wpfoH xGufvmonf/
]]vifh[lcsKH; ... usKyfyg ...}}
vifrdefusuf\ toHyif jzpfaeacsonf/
vifrdefusuf\ aemufzufrS ajcoHrsm;udk Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ apmapmu *ltjyifodkY xGufoGm;aom
rsufuef;rsm; jyef0ifvmMujcif;jzpfawmhonf/
rdrd\ owdayghqrIudk vifh[lcsKH; usdefqJvkduf rdonf/ udk,fhudk,fudk cGifhrvTwfEkdifatmif jzpfrdawmhonf/
owdvpf[if; ayghqrIonf toufay;&wwfayonf/
usdvifxefonf omrefvlwpfa,muf r[kwfacs/ tvGefOmPfrsm;aom vlwpfa,mufjzpfonf/ tcsuf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1080
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
udk vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh aumif;pGmodaevsuf ayghqrdonf/ rQavmuf OmPfrsm;ol wpfa,mufonf

tb,frSmvQif wpfBudrfwpfcgwnf; xGufcGmoGm;vdrfhrnfenf;/ vdkPfacgif;0rS acsmif;ajrmif; em;axmif
aernfomjzpfonf qdkonfudk vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh vHk;0 arhavsmhxm;rdonf/
wpfa,mufwnf; qdkvQif vifh[lcsKH;taejzifh udpr&Sd/ ,ckrl vif;vif;yg yg&Sdaeojzihf ydk vGwfajrmuf&ef
cufcJaeawmhonf/ trSefrSm olwdkYESpfa,mufvHk; 0rf;omrIaMumifh owdvufvGwf jzpfoGm;&jcif; jzpfawmhonf/
vif;vif;u vifh[lcsKH; cg;udk kwfw&uf zufum wD;wdk;ajymvdkufonf/
]]tpfudk ... tay:udk wufMupdkY}}
ESpfa,mufpvHk; wpfNydKifeufwnf; ckefwufvdkufMuonf/ tapmydkif;u vif;vif;&yfaecJhaom ausmufeH&H
rSm tpGefxGufaeaom ausmufpGef;wpfckwGif jzpfonf/ xkdae&mudk olru aumif;pGm rSwfrdaeonf/
xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;udkzuf vif;vif;u xkdae&modkY jyefvnf ckefwufvdku\
f / olwdkY ESpfa,mufvHk;\
udk,fazmhynmrSm vGefpGmaumif;vSojzifh ausmufpGef;BuD;ay:odkY tomt,m a&muf&SdoGm;Muonf/ tpyxr
vifh[lcsKH;rSm trSwftom; &Sdrxm;oljzpf ausmufpGef;udk aumif;pGmreif;rdyJ acsmfusoGm;rnfuJhokYd jzpfoGm;ao;
onf/ odkYaomf vif;vif;u qGJ,lxdef;odrf;vdkufojzifh ausmufpGe;f BuD;ay: vif;vif;enf;wl ajccsrdoGm;onf/
xkdausmufpGef;MuD;rSm oHk;aycefY pGef;xGuf aeojzifh vlESpfa,muf yl;uyfum aumif;pGm &yfaeEdkifonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJwGif ...
]]awmfygao;&JU ... vif;vif; pOf;pm;wm jrefoGm;vdkY ... tckqdk&ifawmh igwkdYu tay:pD;u jzpfoGm;NyD/
'Drsufuef;awG igwdkYudk 0dkif;wkdufvdkY r&awmhbl;/ kwfw&ufawmh touf tE&m,f rxdcdkufEdkifawmhbl;/}}
xkdpOf usdvifxefu ]]'DaumifawG tay:udk ckefwufoGm;NyD/}}
vifrdefusufuvnf; ]][kwfw,f/ 'DaumifawG tckav;wif tay:zufudk ckefwufoGm;NyD/}}
usdvifxefu ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;? rif;u tifrwef OmPfrsm;wJhaumif/ 'gayr,fh ighvdkvlrsKd;udkawmh rif;vSnfhpm;vdkY r&bl;/
tckrif;u tay:wufykef;aew,f/ aumif;NyD/ rif;wpfoufvHk; tay:rSmyJ ykef;aeEkdifr,fvdkY xifaeovm;/}}
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYonf vHk;0 toHrjyKMuawmh/ rdrdwdkY toHxGuf vdkufonfESifh rsufuef;rsm;u
0dkif;0ef; wdkufcdkufMuawmhrnfudk odem;vnfayonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf nmvufu "m;udkudkifum b,fvufu
vif;vif;\cg;udk zufxm;onf/ xkdYtwl vif;vif;uvnf; b,fvufu "m;wdkav;udk udkifum nmvufu
vifh[lcsKH;\cg;udk zufxm;\/ olwkdYESpfa,mufrSm touftE&m,fESifh MuHKawGUae&aomfvnf; aMumufGHU
xdwfvefYrI vHk;0r&Sday/ xl;jcm;qef;Mu,fvSpGmyif ESpfa,mufvHk; pdwfcsrf;ajrUaeMuonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif
aornfudk vHk;0rrIMu/ aovnf; ESpfa,muf twlwlaornf? aevnf; ESpfa,muf twlwlaernf/ [k
pdwfydkif;jzwfxm;Muojzifh odkY pdwfcsrf;ajrUaeMujcif; jzpfawmhonf/
xkdpOfrSmyif usdvifxefu kwfw&uf atmfvkdufonf/
]]&JabmfwdkY ... rif;wkdY&JU rsufaphawGudk b,fol xkd;azmuf cJhw,fqkw
d m arhaeMuNyDvm;/}}
xkdtcg rsufuef;rsm;onf nmoHay; atmf[pfa<u;aMumfum "m;jzifh avQmufckwf avawmhonf/ odkYaomf
olwkdY\ ckwfxpfoHrsm;om vdkPf*lwGif; zHk;vTrf;oGm;onf ... vifh[lcsKH; wdkYxHrS rnfonfhtoHrQ xGufrvmacs/
rsufuef;wdYrk Sm ausmufeH&Hrsm;udkom xdk;ESuf wdkufcdkuf rdMuawmhonf/
rsufuef;rsm;onf olwdkY\ "m;csufrsm; tcsD;ESD; jzpfoGm;onfudk odvkdufMu&aomtcg a'gotrsuf
[l;[l;xGuf vmMuawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wdkY &SdEkdifonf[k rSef;q&aom ae&modkY 'kwd,tBudrf ckefwuf
wkdufcdkufMujyefawmh\/
tBudrfwGif rsufuef;wpfa,mufonf vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;vif;wdkYESpaf ,muf &yfaeonfh ausmufpGef;em;
odkYwkdif a&muf&Sdvmonf/ avwdk;oH Mum;vdkufojzifh &efol olwdkYem;odkY a&muf&SdvmaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;
odvdkufonf/ ol\"m;udk csufcsif;yif vQyfwpfjyuf xdk;xkwfvdkufawmhonf/
]]tm;}} rsufuef;wpfa,muf\ emusifpmG pl;pl;0g;0g; atmfvdkufoHonf ausmufvdkPf*l twGif; yJhwifxyf
oGm;avawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\"m;csuf &if0wGifrdum xdkrsufuef; toufxGuf oGm;awmhonf/ odkYaomf
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1081
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
xdktoHudk Mum;vdkufojzifh usefaom rsufuef;"m;orm;wko

dY nf vifh[lcsKH;wkdY ykef;cdkaeaomae&mudk
odoGm;onf/ olwYt
dk m;vHk; pkNyHKa&muf&Sdvmum 0dkif;0ef; ckwfxpf Muawmh\/
apmapmu olwdkY\wkdufcdkufrIrSm rSef;q wkdufcdkufMujcif;jzpfojzifh odyfrjyif;xefvSacs/ ,ckrl
vifh[lcsKH;wkdY\ ae&mudk wyftyfaocsm od&SdNyD; wdkufcdkufMujcif; jzpfojzihf aMumufrufzG,&f m jyif;xefvSonf/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wkdYrSm tjrifhwGif a&muf&SdaeMuojzifh olwdkYtm; wkdufcdkufEdkif&ef rsufuef;rsm;rSm
xkdae&mtxd ckefwufNyD;rS wdkufcdkufEdkifMuonf/
xkduJhodkY ckefwufjcif;aMumifh avwdk;oHrsm; jzpfay:vm&onf/
tcsufwpfcsufonf vifh[lcsKH;wdkYtwGuf oufom&m tuGufjzpfayonf/ avwdk;oHom rMum;ygu
rsufuef;rsm;tm; rnfodkYrQ ,SOfEdkifrnf r[kwfacs/
xkdYaMumifh aemufxyf rsufuef;ESpfa,mufwkdY toufxGufoGm;Mu&jyefonf/ xdkolESpfa,muf\ pl;pl;0g;0g;
atmfoHudk Mum;vkduf&ojzifh rsufuef;rsm;onf apmapmuvdk t&rf;uma&m ckefrwuf&JMuawmhacs/
twefMumrQ jidrfoufoGm;onf/ Nidrfoufjcif;onf rkefwdkif;rvmrD Nidrfoufjcif;rsKd;jzpfaMumif;
vifh[lcsKH; aumif;aumif;BuD; odaeonf/ xkdYaMumifh rsufpdudkzGifh? em;udktpGrf;ukefpGifhvsuf owd0D&d,
xm;aeonf/
rMumrDyif olwdkYab;odkY vlESpfa,muf ckefwufvmonfh avwdk;oHudk Mum;vdkuf&onf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh
vif;vif;wkdY csufcsif; ckcHvdkufMu&\/
aMumufrufzG,f&m "m;csufyifwnf;/ "m;csif;dkufcwf rdonfESifh vifh[lcsKH;\"m;rSm vGwfxGufoGm;rwwf
jzpfoGm;&\/ xdkYaMumifh "m;ydkif&Sifonf usdvifxefjzpfaMumif; rjrifyJESifh odvdkuf&awmhonf/
xdkpOf vif;vif;xHrS ]tm;} ueJ atmfoH Mum;vdkuf&jyefonf/ olr\ykcHk;wGif "m;wpfcsuf txdk;cHvkduf&
aomaMumifhjzpf\/ ausmufpGef;ay:rS vdrfhusrwwfjzpfoGm;aom vif;vif;udk vifh[lcsKH;u qGJzrf;xm;vdkuf&\/
vifh[lcsKH; tajctaer[efyJ jzpfaepOf usdvifxefwkdYu aemufwpfBudrf ckefwufwkdufcdkuf vmjyefonf/
vif;vif; taejzifh ,ckxufydk tajctae rqdk;ap&ef vif;vif;udk wkdufcdkufaomoltm; vifh[lcsKH;u vSrf;
wkdufckduf ay;vdkufonf/
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jzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsKH; taejzifh aocsmoGm; avawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh vifrdefusuftm; cyfMurf;Murf; xdk;ESufwkdufcdkufvdkufonf/ vifrdefusufu vifh[lcsKH;\
"m;csufudka&Smifum vif;vif;udkom OD;wnfxkd;ckwfawmhonf/
,if;twGuf vifh[cl sKH;rSm tvGef pdk;&drf xdwfvefYoGm;onf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vifrdefusufonf ol\"m;csufudk avxJwGifyif a&Smifwdrf;oGm;EkdifaMumif; owdjyK
vdkufrdaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ yHktwdkif;qdkygu vif;vif;onf wpfcsufr[kwf wpfcsuf vifrdefusuf\
"m;csufrdoGm;Ekdifonf/
aemufqHk;wGif vifh[lcsKH;onf vif;vif;tm; ayGUzuf atmufodkY ckefqif;vdkuf&awmh\/ xkdYaemuf
ajrjyifodkY ajceif;vdkufrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf ausmuf*leH&HodkYuyfvsuf ol\"m;udk tqufrjywf a0SU,rf;
umuG,f xm;vdkufawmhonf/
xdkpOf usdvifxefxHrS oa&mf&,foH wpfcsufMum;vdkuf&NyD; jyif;xefvSaom "m;csufwpfcsuf xkd;oGif;vdkuf
onfudk odvdkufrdawmhonf/
]xef;} ueJ jrnf[nf;oHESifhtwl "m;ESpfpif;jyif;xefpGm dkufcwfrdoGm;awmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ wpfudk,fvHk;
wkefcgoGm;awmhonf/ usdvifxef\"m;rS tvGefat;pufaom tm;vIdif;wpfcu
k vifh[lcsKH;\ cEmudk,fxJodkY
xdk;azmufpdrfh0if vmawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;pdwfxw
J Gif wpfcsdefu q&mBuD; vif;&SifESifh usdvifxefwdkY wkdufcdkufcJhMuyHkudk csufcsif; owd&
vdkufrdonf/ tat;"gwftqdyf\ aMumufrufzG,f&maumif;yHkudk trSwf&vdkufojzifh twGif;tm;udkxkwfum
usdvifxef\"m;udk uref;uwef; wGef;z,f vdkuf&avawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1082
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYaomf usdvifxef\ "m;udk wGef;z,f&efrqdkxm;bd/ rdrdvufrS"m;udkyif NrJNrHatmif rudkifEkdifyJ

aemufqHk;wGif vTwfcsvkduf&awmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;twGuf uHqdk;rdk;arSmifusavNyD/ ol\ txGwftxdyf odkif;ynmrSm "m;wpfvuf tay:wGifom
wnfrSDaejcif;jzpf&m ,ck "m;r&Sdawmhaomtcg rnfodkYrQ rpGrf;aqmifEkdifawmhacs/ ajcrJhvufrJh vluJhodkY jzpfoGm;&
acsawmhonf/
"m;vGwfus oGm;onfESifh vifh[lcsKH;u csufcsif;xkdifcsvdkufum ajrBuD;udk vufjzifh vdkufprf;awmhonf/
vufxJ rnfonfh vufeufrQ r&SdyJESifhawmh tvum;oufouf taorcHEkdif/
ausmuf*ltwGif; aoqHk;oGm;cJhonfh okdif;orm;rsm;rSm enf;enf;aemaem r[kwfay/ xdkYaMumifh olwdkY\
"m;rsm;rSmvnf; ae&mtESHYtjym; &Sdaeayvdrfhrnf/ rnfonhf "m;rqdk? "m;rSr[kwf rnfonfh vufeufrqdk
vufeufwpfckck vufwGif; &SdaevQif ckcHumuG,f Ekdifao;onf/
ajrjyiftESHY vdkufprf;vdkufaomtcg vifh[lcsKH;u vlaowpfa,muf\rsufESmudk udkifrdvsufom; jzpfae
onf/
xkdtcsdefwGif vif;vif;rSmvnf; "m;wdkuav;jzifh tjyif;txef wdkufcdkufvmaom "g;ESpfacsmif;udk
ckcHumuG,fae&\/ rMumrDyif olr\ "m;wdkuav;onfvnf; vGihpf Of xGufoGm; &avawmh\/
vif;vif;\ "m;vGwfusoGm;NyDjzpfaMumif; vifh[lcsKH;u toHMum;vdkuo
f nfESifh cefYrSef;od&SdvkdufNyD; jzpf\/
rdrdwdkYESpfOD;twGuf aoa&;&Sifa&; tcsdeftcgodkY a&muf&SdvmNyD jzpfaMumif; odvdkufonf/ tcsdefonf toufESifh
puf wefzk;d &SdvmNyDjzpfaMumif; em;vnfvdkufojzifh ajrBuD; ay:odkY uref;uwef; prf;oyf&SmazG ae&awmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif;wpfcsuf csvdkufrdonf/ ukodkvfuHu axmufyHhaeao;\/ taMumif;rSm
ajrjyifay:rS wkwfwdkuJhodkYaom t&mwpfckudk prf;oyf qkyfudkifrdvdkufaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkwkwfwdkudk
aumufudkifvdkufpOf acgif;ay:rS "m;wpfcsuf ckwfvdkufoH Mum;vdkuf &ojzifh wkwfjzifh uref;uwef;
ckcHumuG,fvdkuf&\/ ] Trf;} ueJ toHMum;vdkuf&jyD; wkwfwdk\xdyfrSm jywfxGuf oGm;avawmh\/
OD;acgif;udk vifh[lcsKH;u tvsifjrefqHk; iHkYa&Smifvdkuf ojzifhom acgif;jywfrnfhab;rS vGwfuif;oGm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ iHkYra&SmifEkdifcJhvQif wkwfwdkESifhtwl OD;acgif;yg vGifhpOf jywfxGufoGm;ayvdrfhrnf/
xdkodkY a&Smifwdrf;vdkufpOf tcsdefumvuav; twGif; olY rsufpda&SUwGif rD;yGifhuav;rsm; vufoGm;ouJhodkY
xifvdkufrdonf/ trSefyif rD;yGifhuav;rsm; vufoGm;jcif; jzpfonf/
rD;yGifhuav;rSm tvGefarS;rSdefaomfvnf; ,ckuJhodkY arSmifydef;aeaom ae&mrl Mu,fuav; wpfvHk;uJhodkY
rSwfxif&onf/ xkdrD;yGifha&mifuav;aMumifh olYa&SU "m;udkifxm;aom udk,f[efwpfckudk rIefrIef0g;0g;
awGYjrifvdkuf&awmhonf/ vif;vif;ESifh vif[
h lcsKH;wdkY ESpfa,mufvHk; 0rf;omtm;& jzpfoGm;Muawmhonf/
xdktcdkufrSmyif usdvifxefu "m;jzifhxdk;vkduf\/ vifh[lcsKH;u raMumufawmhay/ olYvufxJrSm
udkifxm;aom wkwfwdkjzifh usdvifxef\vnfrsKdudk xkd;vdkufonf/ xdkae&mrSm usdvifxef\ [muGuf jzpfawmh
onf/
usdvifxefrSm rsufaphrjrifaomfjim; em;tvGefyg;onf/ xdkYaMumifh vifh[lcsKH;u wkdufcdkufvkdufonfudk
avoHjzifhMum;um csufcsif;yif aemufjyef ckefqkwfvdkufonf/
xdktcGifhta&;udk vif;vif;u vufvGwfrcHay/ ajrBuD;ay:rS "m;wpfacsmif;udk aumuf,lvkdufjyD; vifh[lcsKH;
udk vSrf;ay;vkdufum wkwfwdkudk vSrf;,lvdkufonf/ xdkYaemuf olrvufxJ a&muf&Sdvmaom wkwfwkdudk
ysm;yef;cwfrQ a0SY&rf;vkdufawmhonf/
xkdtcg ausmuf*lxJ rD;yGifhav;rsm; wvufvuf ay:xGufvmawmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY rD;a&mif
uav; &kHESifh vHkavmufayNyD/
ydef;ydwfatmif arSmifaeaom tarSmifxktwGif; olYtaejzifh rnfodkYrQrwwfEdki/f olYtaejzihf toHk;jyKEdkif
avmufonfh tvif;a&mifuav; tenf;i,frQomvdkonf/ xdktvif;a&mif uav;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;u wefjyef
wkdufppfqifvdkufonf/
w'*FtwGif; rsufuef;q,fig;a,mufrmS vJusoGm;&avawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1083
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;\ ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;udk &ufykcRef\ bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;uyif r,SOfEdkifyJ &Sdae&m

xdkrsufuef;wdkYrSm tb,frSmvQif ,SOfEdkiftHhenf;/
usdvifxefESihf vifrdefusufwdkYrSm rnfonfhtaMumif;aMumifh uJhodkY tajctae ajymif;vJ oGm;onfudk
rod&SdMuay/ pdwfylpGmjzifh atmfar;vdkuf\/
]]rD; ... rD;wkw&f Sdaew,f r[kwfvm;/}}
]][kwfw,f ... rD;wkwf&Sdw,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;u atmf ajzvdkufonf/
pum;qHk;onfESifh olonf usdvifxefudk oHk;csufwdwd wkdufcdkufvkdufonf/ usdvifxef uvnf;
tjyif;txef ckcv
H dkuf&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf usdvifxefbufokdY OD;rvSnfhawmhyJ vifrdefusuf&d&S modkY vSnfhvdkufonf/ vif;vif;
a0SY,rf;aeaom wkwfwdkxdyfrS ay:xGufvmaom tvif;a&mifudk tm;udk;tm;xm; jyK olY"m;udk jznf;nif;pGm
ajrmufcsdefvdkufonf/
vifrdefusuf uvnf; usdvifxefuJhodkYyif t&dyftjcnf aumif;pGm em;vnfol jzpfonfhtwdkif; "m;jzifh
wpfudk,fvHk;udk umuG,fxm;\/ odkYaomf vifrdefusuf\[muGufudk vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;pGm awGUjrifxm;NyD;
jzpfae\/
xdkYaMumifh "m;udk avwdk;oH rxGufap&ef wpfvufrcsif; a&SUwkd;vmonf/ vifrdefusuf\ [muGuftem;
a&mufaomtcgrS vifh[lcsKH;u kwfw&uf a&SUwdk; wkdufcdkufvdkuf avawmhonf/ vifrdefusufwdkYrSm rsufuef;
jzpfaeojzifh em;tMum;tmkHrSm omref rsufpdjrifolrsm;xuf tm;aumif;aeonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u "g;udk
xkd;xkwfvkdufonfESifh avwkd;oHMum;&NyD; jyefvnfckcH&ef BudK;pm;vdkufonf/ odkYaom teD;uyf xdk;ESuf
wkdufckdufjcif; jzpfojzifh tcsdefrrSDyJ jzpfoGm;&awmh\/
olYBudK;pm;rIrSm tcsD;ESD;jzpfoGm;&NyD/ vifh[lcsKH;\"m;u olYvnfrsKdwGif;odkY pdkuf0ifoGm;cJhavNyD/ uvJhpm;
acs&ef tNidK;BuD;rm;vGef;olwpfa,mufrSm aojcif;w&m;jzifh tqHk;owfoGm;cJhavNyD/ aoG;ESifhpaom Zmwfvrf;
onf aemufqk;H wGif aoG;ESifhyif qHk;wwfonf r[kwfygvm;/
vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vifrdefusufwdkY wkdufcdkufvIyf&Sm;oHudk Mum;&aomtcg usdvifxefonf olYudk,fol umuG,f
xm;jcif;tm; &yfqdkif;vkdufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; kwfw&uf wkdufcdkufvdkufonf/ odkYaomf ,cktcsdefwGif usdvifxef
tzdkY tarSmifxk\ tumtuG,fr&Sad wmh/ vif;vif; vIyf&Sm;cg,rf;ay;aeaom wkwfrS rD;yGifhav;rsm;onf
aorif;u tcsufay;ac:aeonfh tcsufjyrD;ozG,f jzpfaeavNyD/
usdvifxefu "m;uGufxkwfvdkufonfESifh usdvifxef\ [muGufrsm;udk vifh[lcsKH;u aumif;aumif;BuD;
awGYjrifae&ojzifh vHk;0tcsdefqGJjcif;r&SdyJ w&Sdefxdk;wkdufcdkufavawmh\/ rsufpdwpfrSdwftwGif;wGif usdvifxef\
rsufcHk;Mum;? vnfrsKdESifh &if0 oHk;ae&modkY "m;xkd;cHvkduf&awmhonf/ uvJhpm;acs&if; ... tNidK;BuD;rm;vSol
aemufxyf wpfOD;onfvnf; aojcif;w&m;ESifh tqHk;owfoGm;avNyD/
wefcdk;tmPmudk tl;trl; rufarmjcif;\ ed*Hk;um; aojcif;yif/ aoG;cif;vrf;ukd avQmuf&ef
BuHpnfolonf aoG;yifv,ftwGif; epfrGef;aoqHk;&rnf omwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;u aemufxyf ajcESpfvSrf; qkwfvdkufonfhwkdif ZGJrmefBuD;vSaom usdvifxefonf kwfjcnf;
vJusroGm;ao;yJ BuHUBuHUcdkif &yfaeao;onf/ twefMumrS vJus aoqHk; oGm;avawmhonf/
vif;vif;onf usdvifxefESifh vifrdefusufwkdY\ tdwfrsm;udk prf;oyf&SmazGMunfhonf/ rnfonhft&mrQ
rawGU&/ aoqHk;xm;aom
tjcm;odkif;orm;rsm;\ tdwfrsm;udk wpftdwfNyD;wpftdwf &SmazGaomtcgrS
rD;jcpfausmufESifh rD;pmudk awGU&onf/
rD;xGef;Sdvku
d faomtcgESpfa,mufpvHk; tvefYwMum; atmf[pfrdvdkufawmhonf/ vif;vif;vufxJ
udkifxm;aomwkwfrSm wu,fhwkwfr[kwfyJ vltdk;wpfacsmif; jzpfaeonfudk awGY&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/
xkdvldk;rSm aygifdk;jzpfonf/ xdyfzufudk "g;ESifh tjzwfcHxm;&ojzifh cRefjraeonf/ vif;vif;u aMumufvefY
wMum; vTwfcsvdkufrdawmh\/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1084
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
vifh[lcsKH;u ]]vif;vif; ... igwdkYESpfa,muf&JU toufudk rif;wdkY aerif;ocif*dkPf;&JU 0gpOfBuD; yk*dKvfBuD;u

u,fvkdufwmyJ/}}
]]tpfudk b,fvdk ajymvdkufw,f/ ]aerif;ocif *dkPf;&JU 0gpOfMuD; yk*dKvfBuD;u u,fvkdufw,f} [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ 'gawGudk vif;vif; rodao;bl;/ tpfudk ajymjyr,f/ vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; awmfawmfMumcJh
wkef;u aerif;ocif *dkPf;&JU 0gpOfBuD;yk*dKvf q,fa,muf[m 0gqef;*dkPf;udk vmNyD; wdkufcdkucf JhMuw,f/}}
]]0gqef;*dkPf;udk vmNyD; wdkufw,f/ ... bmrsm; &efNidK;&efp&SdvdkYvJ[if/}}
]]'gawGajym&&if t&SnfBuD;yJ/ wdkwdkeJY vdk&if;udk ajymr,fqdk&if tJ'D 0gpOfBuD; yk*dKvfq,fa,muf[m
'DausmufvdkPfacgif;xJrSm tydwfcH&NyD; aoqHk;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D*lxJrSm tdk;pkq,fck usefcJhw,f/ apmapm
wkef;u tpfudk trSwfwrJh aumufudkifvdkufwt
Jh dk;[m tJ'D yk*dKvfBuD;awGxJu wpfa,muf&JU aygifdk;yJ/
vlao&JUtdk;[m rD;yGifhxu
G fwJh tpGrf;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh tpfudkwkdY toufcsrf;om&m &vdkufwmaygh/ tpfudkwkdYudk
tJ'D yk*dKvfBuD;u u,fq,fvkdufovdk jzpfoGm;wmaygh/
xdkYaemuf olwkdYESpfa,mufonf rD;wkwf wpfacsmif;udk aumufxGef;vdkufum vifrdefusufwdkY xGufcJhMuonfh
taygufzufodkY rSef; xGufvmMuonf/
tayguf0odkY ra&mufrD vifh[lcsKH;onf pdwfraumif;zG,f jrifuGif;udk awGYjrifvdkuf &awmhonf/
csKH;qef;*dkPf;\ *dkPf;csKyfBuD; q&mBuD;armfwm;onf "m;udk vufwGifudkix
f m;&if; aoqHk;aeonf/ wpfudk,f
vHk;wGif ra&rwGufEkdifaom 'gPf&maygif;rsm;pGm &xm;onf/ q&mBuD; armfwm;onf vdkPfacgif;\ xGufayguf
odkYra&mufrD rsufuef;rsm;\ 0dkif;0ef;wdkufcdkufrIudk cHvdkuf&[efwlonf/ q&mBuD;armfwm;onf rsufuef;
q,fig;a,mufudk EkdifEdkifaomfvnf; usdvifxefESifh vifrdefusufwdkY yg&SdaeonfhtwGuf tIH;ay; toufpGefY
oGm;&[efwlonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYtay:tvGef aumif;cJhaom q&mBuD;armfwm;wpfa,muf rIrvS aoqHk;aeonfudk
jrifawGY&aomtcg vGefpGmrS pdwfxdcdkuf oGm;awmhonf/
xdkYaemuf olwdkY ESpfa,mufonf vdkPfacgif;twkdif; taemufzufodkY avQmufvmMuonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf
"m;udkudkif&if; a&SUrSae owdBuD;pGmxm;NyD;avQmufonf/ vif;vif;udkrl aemufrSmxm;onf/ odkYaomf vl&dyf
vla,mif vHk;0rawGUMu&acs/
aemufqHk; olwkdYawGUvdkuf&aom t&mwpfcku olwdkYrsufvHk;rsm;udk usdef;pyfoGm;apawmhonf/ aea&mifjcnf
yifjzpfonf/ *ltjyifodkY xGufEkdifonfh *laygufjzpfaMumif; awGUvkdufMu&awmhonf/ jyifyavmu aerif;BuD;yif
wpf&Sdef&Sdef awmufvsuf xGef;yaeavNyD/
*ltjyifzufvnf; vlolt&dyfta,mif vHk;0rawGUMu&acs/ vifh[lcsKH;u *lxJrS &dyfueJ ckefxGufvdkuf\/
wpfNydKifwnf;vdkvdk vif;vif;vnf; aemufrSckefxGufvdkufonf/ ESpfa,mufvHk; owd0D&d, BuD;pGmxm;
ywf0ef;usifudk pl;prf;vdkufonf/
tE&m,fwGif;rS trSefwu,f vGwfajrmufcJhMuavNyD/ vifh[lcsKH;onf avudk tm;&yg;& IoGif;vkduf\/
vif;vif;u olu
Y dk jyHK;Munfh&if; ...
]].... vdefvdefYtwGuf tpfudk vufpm;acs EdkifcJhNyDaemf}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wpfcsufrQNyHK;jyvdkuf\/ odkYaomf tjyHK;um; vHk;0 rawmufyacs/ vif;vif;auseyfatmif
NyHK;jyonfh tNyHK;omjzpfonf/ vif;vif;uvnf; odygonf/ vifh[lcsKH;onf vifrdefusufudk owfNyD;
vufpm;acsEdkifcJhaomfvnf; ukodkvfuHacvSaom vdefvdef\b0udk owd&NyD; pdwfraumif;jzpfaerSe;f vif;vif;
aumif;pGm&dyfrdonf/ vdefvdefESifh vufyGef;wwD; raecJh&aom olryifvQif vdefvdefYtwGuf pdwfraumif; jzpfcJh&
ao;onf r[kwyf gvm;/
xdkYaMumifh vif;vif;onf csufcsif;yif pum;vrf;aMumif;ajymif;vdkufum ...
]]tpfudk ... tpfudkY&JU ]{u&mZfudk;uGuf} "m;odkif;u wu,fIyfaxG;ovdk "m;okdif;ynmawGxJrSm
txGwftxdyf "m;odkif;yJaemf/ tJ'D"m;odkif;udk 'Dausmuf*lxJrSm oifwmvm;}}
]][kwfw,f/ 'Dausmuf*lxJrSmyJ ... q&mbdk;bdk;u oifay;wm ... 'gawmif yxr roifay;bl; vkyfaeao;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1085
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
w,f/ tpfudku renf;awmif;yefawmhrS oifay;wm/ tckawmh q&mbd;k bkd;vnf; b,fa&mufaeNyDvJ rodbl;/}}

vifh[lcsKH;u oufjyif;wpfcsufcsvdkuNf yD; qufajymvdkufonf/
]]ckcsdefrSm q&mbdk;bkd;eJY odyfawGUcsifaew,f/ bmvdkYvJqdk&if odkif;avmuBuD;[m odyfNyD;IyfaxG;w,f/
'Dvdk IyfaxG;wJh odkif;avmuBuD;xJrSm omreftwdkif; aevdkYr&bl;/ udk,fh&JUodkif;ynmudk xufjrufonfxuf
xufjrufatmif BudK;pm;avhusifh oifMum;aerS 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm touf&SifvsufaeEkdifrSm}}
]]{u&mZf udk;uGuf}} udk tpfudk wwfuRrf;aeNyD qdkayr,fh wpfu,fwrf;usawmh tpfudk em;rvnfwJh
tcsufawG trsm;BuD; usefaeygao;w,f/ 'DtcsufawGudk q&mbdk;bdk;qDrSm ar;jref;csifwm q&mbdk;bdk;
wpfa,mufyJ 'gawGudk &Sif;jyEdkifrSm/ tckawmh q&mbkd;bdk; b,fa&mufaeNyDvJqkw
d m rodawmh cufaewm
ayghav/}}
]][kwfw,f tpfudk? azazvnf; tNrJwrf; ajymw,f/ 'DavmuBuD;xJrSm q&mBuD; zkef;csif; wpfa,mufyJ
olYxuf "m;odkif;awmfw,fwJh/ q&mBuD;zkef;csif;udk olb,fwkef;urS tEdkifr,lEkdifcJhbl;wJh}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf "m;udk "m;tdrfxJ jyefxnfhum vif;vif;vufudkwGJ xdk*lBuD;rS xGufcGmvmawmhonf/
xdkpOf olwdkY\OD;acgif;xufrS t&dyfrnf;BuD;wpfck jzwfueJ usa&mufvmojzifh vifh[lcsKH;a&m vif;vif;yg
kwfw&uf ckefxGuf a&Smifwdrf;vdkufMu\/ tBuD;tus,fvnf; xdwfvefY wkefvIyfoGm;Muonf/ ab;&ef
uif;&Sif;NyD[k pdwfat;vufat; &SdaeMu&mrS rarQmfvifhaom tE&m,f usa&muf vmaomaMumihfyifwnf;/
olwdkYESpfa,muf ckefxGuf a&Smifwdrf; vdkufonfrSm vsifjrefaomfjim; vGwfajrmufatmif ra&Smifwdrf;EdkifMuacs/
olwkdY tay: zHk;vTrf;usqif;vmonfh t&mBuD;rSm BuD;rm;aom ydkufuGefBuD;jzpfae&m ESpfa,mufpvHk;
ydkufuGefBuD;xJ ig;rsm;yrm tkyfrdcHvkduf&awmhonf/
csufcsif;yif vifh[lcsKH;u "m;udkqGJxkwf ydkufuGefudkckwfum ydkif;jzwf&ef BudK;yrf;vkdufonf/ odkYaomf
ydkufuGefudk &ufvkyfxm;aom BudK;rsm;rSm cdkifcHhrmausmvSojzifh rckwfjzwfEkdifacs/ xdkpOfwGifyif ausmufawmif
ay:rS vlwpfa,mufu ydkufuGefBudK;udk cyfwif;wif; qGJvkdufaomtcg ydkufuGefrSm ydkwif;usyfoGm;ovkd
vifh[lcsKH;\"g;rSmvnf; toHk;r0ifjzpfoGm;&awmhonf/ vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESpfa,muf ydk taetxkdif cufoGm;&awmh
onf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf awmifay:rS vludk vSrf;Munfv
h dkuf&if; vTwfueJ atmfvu
dk frd awmhonfrSm
]][if .... q&m }}
ydkufuGefjzifh tkyfzrf;vdkufolum; ,cif 0gqef;*dkPf;csKyf? ,ckrl awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfBuD; &ufykcRefyif
jzpfawmh\/ olu ydkufuGefBudK;udk wif;Muyfonfxuf wif;Muyfatmif qGJvdkufjyefonf/ vifh[lcsKH;ESifh
vif;vif;wdkYrSm ig;ESpfaumiftvm; rGef;MuyfvmavNyD/
vif;vif;rSm tBuD;tus,f xdwfvefYwkev
f Iyfum bmvkyf&rSef; rodawmhyJjzpfae\/ vif;vif;onf
rdef;uav; wpfa,muf jzpfaomfvnf; vGefpGm owd&Sd xufjrufaom rdef;uav;rsKd;jzpfonf/ awmfkHwefkH
tE&m,fudk vHk;0*kpdkufol r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf ,ckuJhodkY rvIyfEdkif? r&Sm;Edkif jzpfvmaomtcg vGefpGm
xdwfvefYvmrdawmh\/ xkdYaMumifh olronf vifh[lcsKH;udk tm;udk;wBuD; vSrf;Munfhvdkufrdonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSmvnf; wkefvIyfoGm;onf/ odkYaomf olYrsufESmrSm csufcsif;jyHK;vmonf/ vifh[lcsKH; odonf/
tcsdefwGif aMumufGHUxdwfvefYaom rsufESmxm;udk olYq&mtm; rjyoifhaMumif; ol aumif;aumif;BuD;
odonf/
&ufykcRefu ]]acG;aumifav; ... rif;u odkif;avmurSm tawmfav; pGmus,fus,f vkyfaew,f/ vifh[lcsKH;
... vifh[lcsKH;qdkNyD; wcsKH;wnf; csKH;aew,f/ tckawmh rif;bmwwfEkdifao;vJ/}}
vifh[lcsKH;onf vifrdefusufraorDu rdrdtm; odkif;avmu vifh[lcsKH;qdkNyD; wcsKH;wnf; csKH; ol&Jaumif;
vkyfaeol[k pGyfpGJ ajymMum;cJhonfhpum;udk csufcsif;owd&vdkufrdawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;u jyHK;vdkufrd&if; at;at;aq;aq;yif &ufykcReftm; ajymvdkufonf/
]]q&m ... uRefawmfhtwGufuawmh bmcHpm;csufrS r&Sdygbl;/ vlqdkwm aorsKd;csnf;yJ/ wpfaeYrao
wpfaeYaorSmyJ/ tckqdk&if uRefawmfh ZeD;eJY twlwlao&r,fqdkawmh ydkNyD;awmif aoaysmfygao;w,f/}}
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1086
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
&ufykcRefu a'gotBuD;tus,f xGufvmum ...

]]acG;aumif ... rif;u aocgeD;rSmawmif pum;udk uysufuacsmf ajymaeao;w,f}}
ajymajymqdkqdk olYvufudkifxm;aom ydkufuGefBudK;jzifh vifh[lcsKH;wkdYESpfa,mufudk xyfrH &pfywfvdkuf
jyefonf/ vifh[lcsKH;u cyfjyHK;jyHK;rsufESmjzifh ...
]]q&mu tckxufxd uRefawmfhtay: apwemxm;wke;f ygvm;/ uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,muf aoruGJ &SifruGm
jzpfatmif aoaocsmcsm BudK;eJYcsnfay;aewmudk;/ uRefawmf odygw,f/ 'DavmurSm uRefawmfhtay:
taumif;qHk;vl[m q&myJ/ 'gaMumifh q&mhudk uRefawmfu odyfaus;Zl;wifwm/}}
trSefpifppf vifh[lcsKH;onf aygufwwfu& pum;rsm;udk wrifajym&if; ol\ vGwfajrmufa&;vrf;pudk
&SmazGaejcif; jzpfonf/
&ufykcRefu ceJYNyHK;NyHK; ...
]]acG;aumif ... rif;uighudk aemufp&m ajymifp&mvdkY rSwfaevdkYvm;/ rif;udkrowfcif vQmudk t&ifjzwf
ypfr,f/ 'DawmhrS ighudk aemufajymifrdwm rSm;rSef;odr,f/}}
ajymajymqdkqdkjzifh &ufykcRefu vifh[lcsKH;udk wpfcsufuefvdkuf\/ xkdYaemuf vif;vif;tm; ...
]]uJ? ajymprf;? igb,folYudk t&ifowf&rvJ/ eifwkdYxJu b,fol t&ifaocsifovJ/}}
vif;vif;u ...
]]&SifBudKufwho
J ludk owf? 'gayr,fh uRefr udk,fay:rSmawmh ]OD;aESmufpm;ydk; aq;vHk;} ajzaq;u oHk;vHk;yJ
&Sdw,f qdkwm BudKajymxm;r,f}}
]]OD;aESmufpm;ydk; aq;vHk;}} qdkaom toHudk Mum;vdkuf&vQif &ufykcRefonf rsufESmysufoGm;awmhonf/
vif;vif;u olYtm; twif;t"r ]]OD;aESmufpm;ydk; aq;vHk;}} auR;vdkufNyD;uwnf;u olYrSm tdyfraysmfEdkifatmif
jzpfcJh&onf/
,ckvnf; vif;vif;u ajzaq;oHk;vHk;om&Sdonf[k Mum;vdkuf&aomtcg ]xdwf} ueJ jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
,if;rSm vif;vif;udk ,ckowfjzwfvdkufvQif oludk,fwdkifvnf; aemufoHk;ESpfom touf&Sif &ayawmhrnf/
ao&rnfudk aMumufonfxuf raorD cHpm;oGm;&rnfh a0'emudk ydkaMumufrdonf/
&ufykcRefonf a&S;,cifu wnfMunfaomvl wpfa,muf jzpfcJhaomfvnf; ,ckrl bDvl;rD;"m;odkif;aMumifh
vnf;aumif;? awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyf&mxl;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? ol\wnfMunf ajzmifhrwfreS fuefrIrsm;
ysufjyKef;oGm;cJh&onf/
bDvl;rD; "m;odkif;onf wpfzufrS qdk;0g;aom tusKd;rsm;udk ay;onfhenf;wl wpfzufrSvnf; odkif;avmu
txufjrufq;Hk aom odkif;ynmudkay;onf/ txufjrufqHk;aom odkif;ynmrSm odkif;avmu wefcdk;yif
jzpfawmh\/
awmifig;vHk; *dkPf;csKyfBuD;&mxl;onfvnf; awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;om;rsm;tay: wpfaoG; wpfoH wpfrdefY
tkyfcsKyfEdkifcGifh wnf;[laom tmPmBuD;yifjzpf\/ xdk wefcdk;tmPm wnf;[laom trdkufarSmifBuD;0,f
ajzmifhrSefwnfMunfaom &ufykcRef aysmufuG,fcJhNyD; &ufpufaom? Murf;MuKwfaom? aumufuspfaom?
pdwfxm;rrSefaom &ufykcRefudk xdk trdkufarSmifBuD;u jyefvnf arG;zGm;ay;cJhavonf/
,ckrl vifh[lcsKH;udkvnf; tIH;ay;cJh&\/ awmifig;vHk;*dkPf;csKyfBuD;&mxl; [lonfrSmvnf; rnfrnf&&
r&Sdawmhojzifh &ufykcRefrSm tl;BuD;wpfydkif; jzpfaecJh&acsjyD/ olonf vif;vif;\pum;udk Mum;vkduf&aomtcg
ol\pdwfudk twif;csKyfxdef;xm;aomfvnf; vufrsm;url xdwfvefY ajcmufjcm;aeaom ol\ pdwfxm;udk
azmfjyvsuf&daS wmh\/
&ufykcRefu ...
]]aumif;NyD ... 'Dvkdqdk&if igwdkY tay;t,lwpfck vkyfMur,f}}
]]bm tay;t,lvJ? uRefrwkdYrSm &SifeJY tay;t,l vkyfp&m bmudprS r&Sdbl;/ &Sif uRefrwdkYudk owfypfzdkY
pdwful;xm;w,f r[kwfvm;/ owfp&m&Sd? jrefjrefowfyg/ uRefrwkdYuvnf; jrefjrefyJ aocsifw,f/}}
]]'Dvdkvnf; r[kwfao;bl;av/ tay;t,l vkyfp&m enf;vrf; &Sdygw,f/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuf aumif;zdkY udpyg/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1087
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
rif;u ighudk OD;aESmufydk;pm; ajzaq; azmfpyfenf;udk ajymjy? igu rif;wdkYESpfa,mufudk rowfyJ jyefvTwfay;
r,f/ b,fhES,fhvJ/}}
]][if; [if; uRefru toufi,fNyD; tawGUtMuHKEkayr,fh q&mBuD;&ufykcRef&JU pdwf"gwfudkawmh
aumif;aumif;BuD; odaeygNyD/ opm&Sif"m;&JUpum;udk b,fawmhrS r,HkEdkifawmhygbl;/ opm&Sif"m;&JU pum;u
odyfNyD; cdkifMunfav;eufawmh uRefrwdkY r,Hk&Jygbl;/}}
&ufykcRefu a'goxGufvmNyD; ...
]]bmajymw,f/ rif;u b,fawmhrS ajzaq;udk rajymEdkifbl;aygh [kwfvm;/ aemufNyD; ighudkrsm;
apmfapmfum;um; ajymaeao;w,f/
vif;vif;u &ufykcRefydk a'goxGufvmatmif wrif jyHK; jyefajzonf/
]]'gaygh/ aemufoHk;ESpf MumwJhtcg uRefrwdkYESpfa,mufu q&mBuD;&ufykcRefudk aoGmuae 0rf;yef;wom
apmifhBudKaer,f/ 'gayr,fh &SifhrsufESmu kyfysufqif;ysuf jzpfaerSmqdkawmh uRefrwdkYu &Sifhudk rSwfrS
rSwfrdyghrvm; rod/ 'guawmh b,fwwfEdkifrvJav/ b,folrjyK rdrdrIyJ/}}
vif;vif;\ pum;udk Mum;vdkuf&aom &ufykcRefu ausmdk;xJ pdrfhoGm;onf/ ]kyfysufqif;ysuf} qdkaom
pum;\ qdkvkd&if;udk od&SdaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
vif;vif;u rdrdtm; twif; wdkufauR;xm;aom ]]OD;aESmufpm;ydk; aq;vHk;}} onftvGef aMumufrufzG,f&m
aumif;\/ ydk;rsm;u OD;aESmufudk wjznf;jznf; pm;aomtcg tonf;cdkufatmif emusifru
I dk cHpm;&NyD;
rdrdrsufESmudk ukwfjcpf qGJzJhrdayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf wpfudk,fvHk; ykyfyGvsuf rsufESmwpfvkH;vnf; &p&mr&Sdatmif
ysufpD;NyD; ao&rnf jzpfonf/
xdktcg &ufykcRefonf aMumufvnf;aMumuf? a'govnf;xGuf jzpfvmNyD; ...
]]at;? tJ'Dvkdaoawmh bmjzpfvJ/ bmyJajymajym rif;wdkYu ighxufoHk; ESpfawmif apmNyD; ao&rSm/ rif;udk
igu csufcsif; owfypfr,fvdkYrsm; xifaevm;/ [m; ... [m; ... [m; ... tJovdk b,fvG,fvG,feJY
owfypfrvJ/ b,ft&om&SdrvJuG/ yxrqHk; rif;&JU ESmacgif;eJY em;GufawGudk t&if vSD;jzwf xkwfypf
vkdufr,f/ aemufNyD;awmh ....}}
vif;vif;\ rsufESmudk &ufykcRefu aoaocsmcsm Munfh&if; ...
]]aemufjyD; rif;&JU rsufESmudk "g;eJY q,faMumif;avmuf jcpfypfvkdufr,f? [m; ... [m; ... [m; ...
b,favmuf kyfysuf qif;ysuf jzpfoGm;rvJ/ ighxuf q,fqavmuf qdk;atmif vkyfypfvkdufr,f/
tJ'DtcgusawmhrS rif;&JU arwm&SifBuD; vifh[lcsKH;u vleJYrwlawmhwJh rif;vdkrdef;rrsKd;udk BudKufEdkifygOD;rvm;?
tJ'gudk igu apmifhMunfhOD;rSmuG/}}
&ufykcRefu ajymajymqdkqkdESifh "g;udk Trf;ueJ qGJxkwf vdkufawmhonf/
vif;vif;u ]tm;} ueJ atmfvdkufrdonf/ ao&rnfudk olru vHk;0raMumufacs/ odkYaomf &ufykcRef
ajymouJhodkY kyf&nfudk zsufqD;cHvkduf&ygu xkdkyf&nfESifh vifh[lcsKH;udk tb,frSmvQif tawGUcH0Hhawmhrnfenf;/
xkdtjzpfrSm ao&onfxufyif qdk;ayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm ydkufuGefxJwGif ydwfrdaeaomfvnf; ol\ ajcvufrsm;udk vIyf&Sm;Munfh&m tenf;i,f
vIyf&Sm;Ekdifonfudk 0rf;ajrmufpzG,f awGY&Sdvkduf&onf/
olu vif;vif;udk xl;qef;aomtMunhfjzifh wpfcsuf pdkufMunfhvkdufonf/ xkdYaemuf ol\ nmzufvufudk
rsufpdrsm;xH xkd;pdkufvdkufawmhonf/ vif;vif;u xdktjcif;t&mudk awGY&aomtcg ]tm;} ueJ xyfrHatmf
vdkufrdonf/ olru tavmwMuD; atmf[pfwm;jrpfvdkufonf/
]]tpfudk ... onfvkd rvkyfeJY/}}
tu,f vifh[lcsKH;om rsufpdudk xdk;azmufvdkufvQif &ufykcRef\ tMuHtpnfrSm vHk;0ysufjym; oGm;ayvdrfh
rnf/ olr\ qdk;0g;vSaom kyf&nfudk vifh[lcsKH; jrifawGYrnfudk vif;vif;u pdk;&drfaejcif;jzpfonf/ tu,f
vifh[lcsKH;om rsufaphuef;oGm;ygu pdk;&drfp&m r&Sdawmhojzifh &ufykcReftaejzifhvnf; ajzaq; azmfpyfenf;udk
rnfonfh enf;ESifhrQ xkwfazmfajymrnf r[kwfawmhacs/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1088
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkYqdkvQif &ufykcRef taejzifhoHk;ESpftwGif; aokHom&Sdawmhrnf/

xdkodkYawG;vdkufrdonfESifh &ufykcRefonf vifh[lcsKH; vIyf&Sm;onfESifh xyfwl vsifjrefpGm vIyf&Sm;vdkufonf/
ykdufuGeftjyifrS ae ol\nmvufESihf vifh[lcsKH;\ nmvufudk zrf;csKyfvdkuf\/
]]&yfvdkufprf;/ bmvkyfwmvJ}}
olwdkY ESpfa,muf vufcsif;xd oGm;onfESifh ol\ twGif;tm;rsm;rSm vifh[lcsKH;xHodkY (vufrSwpfqifh)
pD;0ifaeaMumif; &ufykcRef odvdkufawmhonf/ trSefwu,frSm &ufykcReftaejzifh vifh[lcsHK;\ tuGufxJ
0ifoGm;jcif;jzpfawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh tvefYwMum;jzifh ]]trav;}} [k atmfvdkufovdk &ufykcRefezl;rS acR;oD; acR;aygufBuD;rsm;
usvmawmhonf/ olYb0\ ae0ifcsdefum; trSefwu,f qdkufa&muf vmNyDvm; rqdkEdkif/
xdkpOf &ufykcRef\vufudk qkyfudkifxm;vkdufNyD; vifh[lcsKH;u ol\ twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudk toHk;csav
awmhonf/ olYtaejzifh odkif;ynmudk rnfonfhtcgrQ rokH;[k qHk;jzwfcJhzl;onf/ twGif;'gPf&m &Ekdifonfu
wpfaMumif;? vif;vif;\zcif vif;&Siftm; rcHcsifwpfaMumif;? qHk;jzwfcJhaomfvnf; ,ckrl touftE&m,fESifh
MuHKawGUae&csdefwGifrl tajctaet& oHk;vdkuf&awmh\/ &ufykcRefudk vTwfay;vdkufygu vifh[lcsKH;wdkYESpfOD;\
Zmwfodrf;rSm vSyrnf r[kwfacs/
vifh[lcsKH;u ol\ twGif;tm;pkyfodkif;ynmudk toHk;csvdkufaomtcg &ufykcRef\ aMumufGHU xdwfvefYrIrSm
txGwftxdyfodkY a&muf&Sd oGm;awmhonf/ olu vGwfaeaom b,fvufjzifh "m;udk qGJxkwfum vifh[lcsKH;tm;
ckwfcs&ef jyifqifvdkufonf/
odkYaomf &ufykcRef "m;ajrmufwuf vdkufonfESihf apmifhMunfhaeaom vifh[lcsKH;u olYudk aqmifhqGJvku
d f&m
ESpfOD;pvHk;\ udk,fcEmrsm; ,drf;,dkifoGm;NyD; &ufykcRef\ "m;onf ajrBuD;udk ckwfrd&ufom; jzpfoGm;awmhonf/
xkdodkY tm;xkwf vIyf&Sm; vdkufrdjcif;aMumifh &ufykcRef\ twGif;tm;rsm;rSm ydk ukefcef; oGm;jyefonf/
&ufykcRefonf olYpdwfudk jyefwif;vdkuf\/ 'kwd, tBudrfajrmuf xyfckwf&ef [efjyifjyefonf/ xdktcg
olY tm;[l r&Sdawmhoavmuf jzpfaeonfudk xdwfvefYpzG,f od&Sd&ayawmhonf/
qdk;0g;vSaom tajctaewGif &ufykcRefonf tHudkwif;wif;Budwfvkdurf d\/ vifh[lcsKH;udk xdcdkufatmif
rvkyfEdkifygu rdrdom aoqHk;&awmhrnfudk odvdkufrdojzifh "m;udk vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufcHk;Mum;odkY csdef
jznf;nif;pGm xdk;xkwfvkdufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm tcufBuD; MuHK&awmonf/ &ufykcRef"m;u olYrsufcHk;Mum;okdY xdk;pkduf&ef jznf;nif;pGm
vmaeonfudk awGU&Sd&aomfjim; olYtaejzifh xkd"m;udk wm;qD;&ef rnfodkYrQ rwwfEdkifyJ jzpfae\/
vifh[lcsKH;\ tcuftcJudk vif;vif;vnf;od\/ odkYaomf olronfvnf; ydkufuGefBudK;jzifh aESmifzGJY
ywfcHxm;&ojzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm;ulnD&ef rnfodkYrQrwwfEdkifyJ jzpfae&onf/
vifh[lcsKH;u pdwfxJrS wpfudk,fwnf; ajymaerdawmhonf/
]]igu "m;udk onfvdk jznf;jznf;av;xkwfjyD; vifrdefusufeJY usdvifxefwdkYudk owfypfcJhw,f/ 0#fqdkwm
wu,f vnfwwfwmyJaemf/ tckMunfhprf; b,favmufrS rMumao;bl;/ 0#fvnfvmNyD/ q&muvnf; ighudk
"m;eJY wjznf;jznf;xkd;NyD; owfawmhr,f/ aojcif;w&m;qkdwm igeJY ESmwpfzsm;av;yJ uGmawmhwmyguvm;}}
&ufykcRefrSm olYtaejzifh "m;udk jznf;jznf;csif; wpfvufrcsif; a&SUodkY wkd;ae&aomfvnf; tm;r&Sdawmhay/
ol\"m;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufcHk;Mum;ESifh av;vufravmufom uGmawmhonf/ odkYaomf
av;vufravmufc&D;rSm olYtwGuf rdkif 400 c&D;cefY yifyef;vSzG,f&Sdaeawmhonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap? vifh[lcsKH;
tm; owfEdkifonft
h qifh a&muf&Sdvmjcif; twGufrl vGefpGm 0rf;omtm;wufaerdonf/
xdktcdkuf aemufzufrS rdef;uav;wpfOD;\ toHudk kwfw&uf Mum;vdkuf&onf/
]]&Sif ... &Sif ... bmvkyfaewmvJ}}
atmfoHESifh twl ajy;vmaeonfh ajcoHudkyg Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
&ufykcRefonf olYtaejzifh olY"m;udk aemufxyfoHk;vufrcefY qufxdk;vdkufEdkifygu vifh[lcsKH;udk
owfEdkifNyDjzpfaMumif; od&Sd&ojzifh tm;ukefxkwf olY"m;udk a&SUodkY xdk;vdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1089
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
ol\ "m;xdyfzsm;onf vifh[lcsKH;\ rsufcHk;Mum;odkY xdvdkufonf qkdkHom xdvdkuf&ao;\? ol\

aemufausmwGif wpfcsufrQ pl;&SemusifoGm;avawmhonf/
taMumif;rSm "m;wpfacsmif;onf aemufausmrS0if &if0txd xkwfcsif;cwf azmufxGufvmjcif; jzpfonf/
vifh[lcsKH;tzdkY aouHra&muf oufraysmufjcif;yifjzpfonf/ yxr tajctaetwkdif; qdkygu vifh[lcsKH;
tzkdY ,cktcsdefwGif wrvGefb0odkY a&muf&SdaejyD; jzpfaeayvdrfhrnf/
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufxHrS atmfar;oHMum;vdkuf&\/
]]tpfudkBuD;? bmrSrxdcdkufygbl;aemf/}}
xdkodkY atmfar;vdkufolrSm [efqef;*dkPf;rS &Dvifjzpfayonf/ vifh[lcsKH;rSm aowGif;rS vufrwifav;
vGwfajrmufvmoljzpf rnfonfh pum;rQ ajymrxGufEdkifyJ jzpfaeawmh\/ xkYad Mumifh vif;vif;u 0if ...
]]nDrav; &Dvif? nDrav;&JU tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH; bmrS rxdcdkufygbl;/ nDrav; a&mufvmwm
tcsdefrDkHav;yJ}}
&Dvifu 0rf;omtm;&jzifh ...
]]'Dvdkqdk odyfaumif;wmaygh/ uRefru tpfudkBuD;&JU toufudk u,fvkduEf dkifwmaygh}}
ajymajymqdkqdkESifh olr xkd;owfvdkufrdaomoludk iHkYMunfhvdkufrdaomtcg &Dvifonf ausmufkyfozG,f
rwkefrvIyfjzpfoGm;onf/
]]'g ... 'g ... q ... q&mBuD; &ufykcRefygvm;? olY ... olYudk uRefrowfvdkufrdw,f/}}
vif;vif;u &Dviftm; ...
]]nDrav; ... bmawG pdk;&drfaewmvJ/ bmrS rpdk;&drfygeJY/ rif;wdkY&JU q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muftwGuf rif;u
uvJhpm;acsvdkufwmyJ/ 'Dvdk uvJhpm;acsvdkuf EdkifwJhtwGuf rif;tpm; wdkYu *kPf,lygw,f/ uJ ... igwdkYudk
ydkufuGefxJu xGufEdkifatmif vkyfay;ygOD;}}
&Dvifonf odkif;ynmwwfajrmufxm;aomfvnf; owdodyf&Sdoluav; r[kwfay/ pdwfxm;uvnf;
El;nHhodrfarGUvS&m olwpfyg;tm; owfjzwf&ef rnfonfh tcgurQ pdwfrul;cJhay/
,ckvdk &ufykcReftm; odwfvkdufrdjcif;uvnf; olr\tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;tm; u,fwif&ef ezl;awGU
'l;awGU &ifqdkifvu
dk fcsdefwGif owfrdoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh &Dvif\ wpfudk,fvHk;rSm tzsm;wufouJhodkY wqwfqwf wkef,ifae&if;u vifh[lcsKH;wkdY\
ydkufuGefBudK;rsm;udk ajzay;ae&m awmfawmfESifh ajzr&yJjzpfae\/ cufcufcJcJ ajzay;ae&if;u wpf0ufcefY
ajztjyD;wGif vlwpfa,muf\ atmf[pfoHudk Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/
]]a[h? rif;u q&mBuD; &ufykcRefudkawmif owf&Joudk;}}
ta0;rS atmf[pf&if; ajy;vmolrSm avmifwufjzpfaeaMumif; awGY&Sdvkduf&aom vifh[lcsKH;rSm pdwfyloGm;
awmh\/
]][m ... 'kuyJ/ nDrav;&Dvifu odkif;ynm 'DavmufawmfwmrS r[kwfwm? avmifwufudk b,fvdkvkyf
ckcHEdkifrSmvJ/ avmifwufu vlaumif;r[kwfawmh nDrav;&Dvifudk nmrSmr[kwfbl;/ owfypfrSmyJ/ b,fvkd
vkyf&ygvdrfh}}
vif;vif;u atmf owday;vdkuf\/
]]nDrav;? bmai;aewmvJ/ nDrav;&JU "m;udk jyef,lav/ 'DvlYudk jyefwdkuf}}
&Dvifonf ai;aMumifae&mrS vif;vif;\ atmf[pf owday;oHaMumifh toufjyef0ifvmum &ufykcRef\
aemufausmwGif pdkuf0ifaeaom ol\ "m;udk qGJEw
k fvkdufNyD; avmifwufudk vSn
fh wkdufcdkufavawmhonf/
vifh[lcsKH;awG;xifxm;onfhtwdkif; avmifwufonf nmwmrIrxm;yJ aMumufrufzG,f&m tiftm;jzifh
&Dviftm; wdkufckdufavawmhonf/ &Dvifu BudK;pm; ckcHae&\/
vif;vif;u atmf tm;ay;vdkufonf ...
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1090
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
]]nDrav; BudK;pm;jyD; ckcHxm;/ rif;&JU tpfukBd uD; vifh[lcsKH; ydkufuGefxJu vGwfawmhr,f/}}

vifh[lcsKH;ESihf vif;vif;wdkYrSm ydkufuGefxJrS xGufEdkif&ef BudK;prsm;udk ajzaeMuawmh\/ wm;qD; rnfholr&SdyJ
pdwf&Sdvuf&Sd vIyf&Sm;NyD; BudK;rsm;udk ajzaeMuonf/
xdktcdkuf &DvifxHrS tm;ueJatmfoHwpfcsuf Mum;vdkuf&awmh\/ ykcHk;wGif avmifwuf\ "m;csufwpfcsuf
xdoGm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ odkYaomf olrom aemufqkwf tIH;ay;vdkufygu olr\ tpfudkBuD; vifh[lcsKH;
rkcstowfcH&ayawmhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh &Dvifonf wwfxm;orQ odkif;ynmrsm;udk tm;ukefxkwfoHk;
ckcHaeawmh\/
&Dvifu tHMudwf ckcHaeonfrSm vGefpGm rmefygvSojzifh avmifwufonf kwfjcnf; yGJrodrf;Edkifatmif
jzpfae&onf/ avmifwufuvnf; &Dvif\ pdwful;ESifh &nfG,fcsufudk odonf/ r,foDv&ifav;tm; rdrdu
tcsdefrD rokwfoifEdkifygu rdrdtwGuf vG,fawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ vifh[lcsKH; ydkufuGefxJrS rxGufEdkifrD owfEdkif&ef
ta&;MuD;onf/ r[kwfvQif rdrdyif xGufajy;&ef vG,fawmhrnf r[kwfacs/
avmifwufonf tawG;ESifhtwl &Dviftm; tm;ukefxkwf wkdufavawmhonf/ avmifwuf\ wkdufcdkufyHk
jyif;xefvmonfESifhtrQ &DviftzdkY rckcHEdkifatmif jzpfvm&awmhonf/ rsm;rMumrDyif "m;csif;dkufcwfrdjyD; ]xef;}
ueJjrnfum &Dvif\ "m;rSm ta0;odkY vGifhpOf xGufoGm; avawmhonf/ avmifwufu vHk;0 wkefYqdkif;jcif; r&SdyJ
ol\"m;udk a&SUodkY quf xkd;vdkufonf/ &DvifrSm "m;r&SdawmhjyDjzpfojzifh avmifwuftm; rnfokdYrQ ckcH&ef
rjzpfEdkifawmhacs/
xdkpOfyif ]xef;} ueJ jrnf[nf;oHESifh twl "m;ESpfpif; jyif;xefpGm dkufcwfrdoGm;awmh\/
avmifwuf\ "m;udkifvufrSm xkHusifoGm;jyD; vlvnf; aemufzufodkY oHk;av;vSrf; qkwfcGmvdkuf&onf/
tvefYwMum;jyef armhMunfh vdkufaomtcg avmifwufrSm vdyfjym vGifhpOfrwwf vefYzsyfoGm;&onf/
"m;udkif rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfaeolrSm vifh[lcsKH; jzpfaeaomaMumifh yifwnf;/
vifh[lcsKH;udk jrifvdkufonfESifh avmifwufonf qufwdkuf&ef pdwfrul;yJ aemufaMumif;jyefum vSnfhajy;
awmhonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;u olYxufydkjref\/ avmifwufu udk,fudk aemufjyefvSnfhvdkufonfESifh
wpfNydKifeuf vifh[lcsKH;u olYa&SU umqD;NyD; jzpfaeawmh\/
]]avmifwuf? rif;bmjzpfvkdY xGufajy;zdkY BudK;pm; aewmvJ/ 'Dtajctae a&mufaerSawmh xGufajy;zkdY
rBudK;pm;ygeJYawmh/ rif;[m ]]rdk;BudK;twGif;tm;}} odkif;pmtkyftwGufeJY nDav; vkdkudk owfcJhw,f/ rif;cdk;oGm;wJh
pmtkyfaysmufvdkY ighrSm aomuawG trsm;BuD; cHpm;cJh&w,f/ ightwGufawmh xm;ygawmh/ cGifhvTwfEkdifygw,f/
'gayr,fh nDav; vkdktwGufawmh igu jyefNyD; vufpm;acsay;&awmhr,f/}}
vifh[lcsKH;\pum;u olYb0\ ed*Hk;csKyfudk nTefjyaeNyDjzpfaMumif; avmifwuf aumif;pGmem;vnf\/
,cktcsdef rnfodkYrQ xGufajy; &Ekdifawmhrnf r[kwfacs/ vkdktwGuf vifh[lcsKH; rnfrQ emMunf;aernfudk
avmifwuf aumif;pGm cefYrSef;Ekdifonf/
acG;udk acsmifydwf dkufvQif jyefudkufwwfouJhodkY xGufajy; rvGwfEkdifrSef; odaom avmifwufuvnf;
vifh[lcsKH;tm; tjyif;txef wdkufcdkuf avawmh\/
odkYaomf ol\"m;odkif;ynmrSm vifh[lcsKH;ESifh trsm;BuD; uGmjcm;vSojzifh vifh[lcsKH;tm; xdcdkufatmif
vHk;0rwwfEdkifyJ jzpfae\/ vifh[lcsKH;onf avmifwuf\ wdkufuGuf oHk;uGufudk a&Smifwdrf;NyD;rS avmifwuf\
[muGufudk ol\"m;jzifh wpfcsufwnf; xdk;pdkufvdkufonf/
,if;rSm avmifwuf\ vnfrsKdjzpf&m eD&JaomaoG;rsm; yef;xGufvmum avmifwufrSm toHyifrxGufEdkifyJ
vJus aoqHk;oGm;awmhonf/ aoG;tkdiftwGif; vJusaoqHk;aeMuaom avmifwufESifh &ufykcRefwdkY\
tavmif;rsm;rSm rvSry &SdaeMuonf/ pdwfqdk;pdwf,kwf &Sdaom vl,kwfrmrsm;\ ed*Hk;csKyfonf odkYyif rvSry
jzpfwwfMuonf r[kwfygvm;/
vif;vif;ESifh &DvifwdkYESpfa,mufonf csufcsif;yif vifh[lcsKH;em;odkY ajy;vTm;a&muf&Sd vmMuawmh\/
vif;vif;onf vifh[lcsKH; rnfonfh 'Pf&mrQ r&&SdaMumif; awGU&aomtcg pdwfat;oGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh &Dvif\
ycHk;rS 'Pf&mudk aq;vdrf;ywfwD; pnf;ay;jcif; wkdYudk vSnfh jyKvkyfay;avawmhonf/ vif;vif;u &Dviftm;
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1091
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
...
]]nDrav; rif;tcsdefrSD a&mufvmayvdkYyJ/ EdkYr[kwf&if wdkYawmh rvG,fbl;/ tckawmhESpfa,mufpvHk; touf
csrf;om&m&oGm;wmaygh/}}
]]uRefr tcsdefrDS a&mufvmwm ... vlwpfa,mufu vrf;nTefay;vdkufvdkYyg/}}
xkdpOf ...
]]ighaMumifhyJuG ...}} qdkaom toHESifhtwl vlwpfa,muf tem;a&mufvm\/
xdkolum xifaygyifwnf;/ vifh[lcsKH;u tHhMowBuD;ESifh ...
]]xifayg? usKyfwdkY onfrSmrSef; cifAsm; b,fvv
kd kyfodovJ/}}
xifaygu rajz/ xifaygzGifhrajymav/ vifh[lcsKH;u ydkodcsifav jzpfvmNyD; ...
]]xifayg? cifAsm;eJY usKyfeJY oli,fcsif;zGx
JY m;wmudk arhoGm;NyDvm;/ oli,fcsif; awGMum;rSm rajymaumif;wJh
t&m r&Sdygbl;/ jrefjrefajymprf;yg}}
xifaygu toHukd ESdrfhvsuf ...
]]vifh[lcsKH;? rif;u onfavmuf odcsifaerSawmh igajymjyr,f/ rif; ,Hkr,Hkawmh igvnf;rajymwwfbl;/
t&ifwkef;u ighrSm b,fvkd tusifhqdk;&Sdw,fqdkwm rif;todyJ/ 'gayr,fh tckxifaygu t&ifwkef;u xifayg
r[kwfawmhygbl;/ xifayg[m t&Sifvwfvwf b0ajymif;oGm;ygNyD/ tckqdk&if igh&JU q&m ykusuf em;rSmyJ
wpfcsdefvHk; aeae&awmh tusifhqdk; tusifh,kwf awGudk vkyfcsifvnf; vkyfvdkY r&awmhygbl;/
vifh[lcsKH;u xifayg\ pum;rsm;udk ,HkaMumif; acgif;ndwfjyvdkuf\/ xifaygu quf ...
]]iguvnf; 'gawGudkvkyfzdkY pdwfrygawmhygbl;/ 'gayr,fh igh&JU 0rf;wGif;ygynmuawmh 'gawGudk rarhEkdif
ao;bl;xifyg&JU/ b,favmufyJ a0;a0;/ rdef;uav;awG &SdwwfwJhae&mqdk&if ightmkHu tvkdvkd cHpm;odrd
wmyJ}}
vifh[lcsKH;u wtHhwMojzifh ...
]]bm ... b,fvdk ... b,fvdk ...}}
]]rif;qufrar;eJY? igvnf; wdwdusus rajymwwfbl;uG/ olYzmom tvdkvdkodaerdwmyJ/ {uE rdef;uav;
awG&JUudk,feHYu a,mufsm;awG&JU udk,feHYeJY rwlbl;vdkYxifwmyJ/ tvkdvdk cHpm;rdwmeJY 'Dausmuf*lawGrSm vdkuf&Sm
EdkifwmyJuG/}}
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]]xifayg .. cifAsm; ynmu w,fwefzdk;&Sdygvm;As/ .... [m; ... [m; ... [m;}}
xifaygvnf; &Suf&Sufjzifh &,foGrf;aoG;vdkufrdawmhonf/
xkdYaemuf xifaygyifOD;aqmif 0gqef;awmifwGif vSnfhvnf&SmazG&m [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk ajratmuf
ausmuf*l oHk;*lwGif cGJ csKyfaESmifxm;aMumif; awGY&SdMu& avawmhonf/
[efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;rSm tpma&pmiwfjywfvsuf tm;tifcsnfheJY aeMuavNyD/ tu,f aemufxyf
ESpf&ufcefYom &SmazGrawGUyJ jzpfaeygu tm;vHk tm;jywf aoqHk;Mu&ayawmhrnf/
vifh[lcsKH;rSm olYq&m\ &ufpufyHkudk awGUvdkuf&aomtcg ausmdk;xJrS pdrfhoGm;rdavawmhonf/
olYq&mwGif vHk;0 vlpdwfaysmufaeNyDjzpfaMumif; aumif;aumif;BuD; odrdawmhonf/
,ckrl ukodkvfuH axmufrrIjzifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk;udk tcsdefrD u,fwifay;EkdifcJhonf/ tu,fom
odkY ru,fEdkifyJ [efqef;*dkPf;wpfckvHk; rdrdvufxJwGif jyKwfjyKwfjyKef; oGm;ygu q&mrBuD; wifh&SefESifh
wifh&DwkdYtm; aoGm rdrd\ rsufESmudk tb,fuJhokYd jy&ygawmhrnfenf;/
_____
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1092
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
b0oHo&m
vifh[lcsKH;onf [efqef;*dkPf;udk OD;aqmifvsuf [efqef;awmifodkY jyefvmcJhMuawmh\/ tm;vHk;ab;roD
&efrc jyefvmEdkifMuojzifh [efqef;*dkPf;om;tm;vHk; 0rf;omtm& jzpfaeMu\/
vif;vif;rSm vifh[lcsKH;twGuf pdwfylom tajctaetxd vdkufyg yg0ifcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ wpfzufrS
olrzciftwGufvnf; pdwfrcsEdkifyJ &SdaecJh\/ ,ck tajctaetm;vHk; at;csrf;oGm; aomtcsdefwGif zcifxH
jyef&ef vGefpGm pdwfapmaerdawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;uvnf; jyefvdkygu jyef&ef cGifhjyKaeojzifh r[l&mawmifukef;odkY tjyefc&D;twGuf jyifqifp&m
&Sdonfrsm;udk jyifqifrdawmhonf/ xdktcsdefwGif taxmufawmfwpfa,muf a&muf&SdvmNyD; vif;vif;tm;
pmwpfapmifay;onf/ &SefY0efYxif;qDrS ta&;ay:a&; vif;vif;tm; tjrefqHk;vdkufvm&ef ac:aompmjzpfae\/
vifh[lcsKH;onfvnf; pmudkzwfNyD; rnfodkYrQ rpOf;pm;wwfatmif jzpfaerdonf/ vif;vif;tm; ta&;wBuD;
ac:&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;udk azmfjyrxm;jcif;u odkYavm odkYavm pdwfylp&mjzpfaeonf/ vif;vif;onf
vifh[lcsKH;udk EIwfquf jyefcgeD;wGif vifh[lcsKH;tm; ...
]]tpfudk ... r[l&mawmifukef;rSm wpfckck jzpfaeNyDeJY wlw,f/ awmfkHwefkH ta&;rBuD;yJeJYawmh OD;av;
&SefY0efYxif;u tckvdk pma&;ac:r,frxifbl;/ wpfu,fvdkY ta&;BuD;wJh taMumif;r[kwf&ifawmh aemufESpfv
avmufMumrS tpfudkYqDjyefvmcJhr,f}}
vif;vif;onf xdkpum;udkajym r[l&mawmifukef;odkY xGufcGmoGm;avawmh\/
vifh[lcsKH;onf [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf vkyfae&pOftwGif; wm0efrnfrQ BuD;av;vSonfudk od&SdNyD; jzpf
*dkPf;csKyfwm0efudk qufvuf xrf; Guf&ef pdwfrul;Edkifatmif jzpfaeawmh\/
xkdYjyif q&mrBuD;ESpfa,muftwGuf &efa<u;udk ay;qyfcJhNyD;jzpf [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk qufvuf
r,l&ef qHk;jzwfcsufrSm ydk cdkifrmvmcJh&onf/
aemufqHk;wGif [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf ae&mudk pdwf&Snf tajrmftjrif&Sdaom &dcsiftm; cefYtyfxm;vdkufonf/
vifh[lcsKH;onf [efqef;*dkPf;csKyf&mxl;rS z,fay;vdkufaomfvnf; [efqef;*dkPf;om;rsm;udk odkif;ynmrsm;
qufvuf jzefYjzL; avhusifhay;aepOf umvtwGif; vif;vif;xHrS pmwpfapmif a&mufvmonf/
pmygtaMumif;t&mum; pdwfraumif;zG,f&myif jzpfawmh\/ q&mBuD;vif;&Sifonf odkif;ynm avhusifh&m
wGif tvGeftusL; avmb&rufBuD;ol wpfa,mufjzpf\/ odkif;ynmavhusifhaepOf twGif;tm;vIdif;rsm;
rSm;,Gif;um toufxGufoGm;cJh&onf/
wGif aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk rnfolqufcHrnfqdkonfh jyem 0ifvmawmh\/ omreftm;jzifh
vif;vif;u qufcHrnfqdkvQif aerif;ocif *dkPf;om;rsm;taejzifh jiif;y,fMuvdrfhrnf r[kwfacs/ odkYaomf
vif;vif;rSm wefcdk;tmPmudk rufarmolr[kwfojzifh aerif;ocif *dkPf;csKyf&mxl;udk &SefY0efYxif;tm; MunfjzLpGm
vTJtyfay;vdkufawmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1093
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
odkY vTJtyf&mwGif taMumif;rJ ay;tyfjcif;r[kwf/ &SefY0efYxif;\ pdwf&if;oabm&if;udk aumif;pGm

odxm; ay;tyfvkdufjcif;jzpfonf/ &SefY0efYxif;onf dk;om;yGifhvif;ol jzpfNyD; &efrvdkwwfacs/ tjcm;aom
odkif;*dkPf;BuD;rsm;ukdvnf; vuf0g;BuD;tkyf 0g;rsKdvdkol r[kwfacs/
vif;vif;\ tajrmftjrifBuD;pGm vTJtyfay;rIaMumifh odkif;avmuBuD;wpfckvHk; &efNidK;&efp[l r&SdawmhyJ
at;csrf;oGm;avawmhonf/
_____
&moDpuf0ef;wpfywfvnfum wpfESpf ajymif;vJcJhavNyD/

aeYum; vifh[lcsKH;ESifh vif;vif;wdkY\ r*FvmaeYaywnf;/ aerif;ocif*dkPf;\ XmecGJwpfck jzpfaom
]]ESif;qDa*[m}} udk r*Fvmtdrfopftjzpf rGrf;rHjyifqifvdkufonf/
xdkr*FvmaeYwGif odkif;avmu&Sd odkif;tzGJYtoD;oD;rS odkif;orm;aygif;pHk 0rf;omtm;& aysmfaysmfyg;yg;
a&muf&SdvmMu\/ r*Fvm tcrf;tem; NyD;pD;aomtcg odkif;orm;tm;vHk;u owkdYom;ESifh owdkYorD;wdkYudk
"m;odkif;wpfyk'fpD upm;jyMu\/ vifh[lcsKH;\ "m;okdif;rSm odkif;avmu txufjrufqHk;rSef;odojzifh odkY
*kPfjyK upm;Mujcif; jzpfawmhonf/ odkYaomf vifh[lcsKH;ujyHK; ...
]]'DaeYvdk r*Fvm&ufjrwfrsKd;rSm tifrwefaoG;qmaewJh "m;vdkvufeufrsKd;awG udkifjy&wm awmfawmfhudk
rqDavsmfvw
S Jh udpyJ/ 'Dawmh usKyfeJY usKyfZeD;u cifAsm;wdkYudk "m;odkif;eJY jyefNyD; razsmfajzawmhbl;/ usKyfwdkY
ESpfa,mufwGJNyD; oDcsif;wpfyk'f wD;rIwjf yyghr,f/}}
xdktcg odkif;avmuom; tm;vHk; vufckyfMobm ay;Muavawmh\/ vifh[lcsKHk;u BudK;wyfwl&d,m
wpfvHk;ESifh yavG wpfacsmif;udk xkwf,lvmNyD; ykavGudk vif;vif;tm; urf;ay;vkduf\/
vif;vif;u olrvufxJrS ykavGudk pwifrIwfavawmh\/ vifh[lcsKH;u BudK;wyfwl&d,mudk aemufrS
uRrf;usifpGm wD;cwfonf/ olwdkYESpfa,muf wD;cwfvdkufonfh *DwoHpOfrSm vGefpGm om,mvSojzifh
odkif;orm;rsm;tm;vHk; ai;armoGm;Mu&awmhonf/
jrefrmhrQm;ewfarmif
1094
wuodkvf aevif;atmif
olwdkY ESpfa,muf wD;rIwfaeaom oDcsif;rSm ]]odkif;avmu\ pdefac:oH}} [laom oDcsif;aywnf;/

vifh[lcsKH;onf wD;rIwfae&if; csKHqef;NrdKUjyif csKHqef;*dkPf;rS q&mBuD; vsKdusufzkef;ESifh aerif;ocif*kdPf;rS
q&mBuD; cDs;&efwdkY ESpfa,mufu oDcsif;udk wD;rIwfcJhyHkudk jyefvnf jrifa,mifvmrdawmh\/
oDcsif;oHqk;H oGm;aomtcg vufckyfMobmoH aomif;aomif;nHoGm;avawmh\/ xkdYaemuf owdkYom;ESifh
owdkYorD;wdkYonf r*Fvmtdyfcef;twGi;f odkY 0ifvmMuawmhonf/ vifh[lcsHK;u tcef;wHcg;udk ydwfvdkufNyD;
vif;vif;udk NyHK; ajymvdkuf\/
]]vif;vif; ... tpfudkwkdY arQmfcJh&wJh &ufawmh a&mufcJhNyDaemf}}
ajym&if; vifh[lcsHK;onf vif;vif;\ acgif;zHk; yk0gpav;udk vSefvdkufawmhonf/ vif;vif;\ rsufESmav;
rSm 0if;yaeNyD; &SufNyKH;av;ESifh yPm&aeawmh\/
]][kwfw,f tpfudk? uRefrwdkY ...}}
olronf pum;udk qufrajymyJ kwfw&ufvSnfhum atmfvdkufonf/
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Laughing in the wind

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born41987, hotrod, nnnaing

Commercial use of this book will be at your OWN RISK !

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