Chapter 8:

Subnetting IP networks
Introduction to Networks v5.1
Instructor Name: Touch Ra
30,April 2016

8.0 Introduction
8.1 Subnetting an IPv4 Network
8.2 Addressing Schemes
8.3 Design Considerations for
IPv6
8.4 Summary

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Each router interface connects a broadcast domain and broadcasts

are only propagated within its specific broadcast domain.

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 Slow network operations due to the significant amount of

broadcast traffic.
Slow device operations because a device must accept and

process each broadcast packet.

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 Solution -reduce the size of the network to create smaller

broadcast domains in a process called subnetting.

These smaller network spaces are called subnets.

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Network administrators can group devices and services into subnets that are
determined by: Location

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Network administrators can group devices and services into subnets that are
determined by: Organizational unit.

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Network administrators can group devices and services into subnets that are
determined by: Device type.

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Subnetting 10.x.0.0/16

Subnetting 10.x.x.0/24

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 /25 Borrowing 1 bit from the fourth octet creates 2 subnets supporting 126

hosts each.
/26 Borrowing 2 bits creates 4 subnets supporting 62 hosts each.
/27 Borrowing 3 bits creates 8 subnets supporting 30 hosts each.
/28 Borrowing 4 bits creates 16 subnets supporting 14 hosts each.
/29 Borrowing 5 bits creates 32 subnets supporting 6 hosts each.
/30 Borrowing 6 bits creates 64 subnets supporting 2 hosts each.

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To calculate the number of subnets.

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To calculate the number of hosts.

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Calculating Hosts

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Two considerations when planning subnets:

The number of host addresses required for each network.
The number of individual subnets needed.

The more bits borrowed to create subnets, the fewer host bits available.

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Upon completion of this section, you should be able to:

Implement a VLSM addressing scheme.

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Upon completion of this section, you should be able to:

Explain how to implement IPv6 address assignments in a business network.

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The IPv6 global unicast address normally consists of a /48 global routing prefix, a
16 bit subnet ID, and a 64 bit interface ID.

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Thank you.