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therapeutic heat by
absorption & conversion of
EM radiation in the
microwave band of
frequencies
Wavelength
2450
12.2
915
32.8
434
69.1
2450 MHz is the frequency that is widely available for
therapeutic purposes.
Effective penetration of it is about 30mm
But the lower frequencies have the ability to penetrate
more.
SWD
MWD
Frequency of
Frequency of
10 t0 100 MHz
Wavelength
of 3 to 30 m
300 to 30,000
MHz
Wavelength of
10 mm to 1 m
SWD
Frequency
of 27.12
MHz and
wavelength
of greater
than 11 m
MWD
Frequencies of
SWD
Machine
circuit
(produce HFC
and amplify
its intensity)
Patient
circuit
MWD
Magnetron (a
A= Power Switch
B=Timer
C=Output Meter (indicates relative output in watts)
D= Power Output Level Knob
E= Amber Light-Warming up / Red Light- Ready
magnetron.
Magnetron is a special type of thermionic valve
characterized by centrally placed cathode,
which is surrounded by a circular metal anode.
Primary function of the magnetron is to
generate oscillating currents directly from high
velocity electron motion.
microwave applications:
Large circular field director: the effective
diameter is 200mm. The heating pattern is
more intense around the outer portion than
the centre. The power output range is up to
250 watts.
prominent effect.
Water containing tissues such as muscles
absorb more rays than the tissues like fat and
bone.
Skin is heated up to a greater extend than the
other tissues. However, 50% of rays are
reflected from the air-skin surface.
SWD
Electrostati
c and
Electromagnetic
MWD
Electro-
magnetic
SWD
Water
content
spacing
size of the
condenser
MWD
water
content
frequenc
y
distance
SWD
deep, up
to 50 mm
or 5 cm
MWD
more
superficial
than SWD,
up to 3-4
cm.
power
output
250 watts
Small Circular
100 mm
outer > inner
25 watts
500x100 mm
center > outer
250 watts
Pain
Muscle spasm
Chronic inflammation
Delayed healing
Chronic infection
Fibrosis
Sprains
Strains
Capsular lesions
Degenerative joint disease
Chronic rheumatoid arthritis
Stiffness in superficial joints
Haematoma
Superficial inflammatory or
infective conditions
Tenosynovitis
Bursitis
Synovitis
Carbuncles
oedema
Over wet dressings and
adhesive tapes
Metallic implants
Pace makers
Over growing bone
Haemorrhagic areas
Tuberculous jointsImpaired
thermal sensation
Unreliable patients
The eyes
Recent radiotherapy
Hypersensityvity to heat
Acute infection or
inflammation
Obesity
Analgesic therapy
Venous thrombosis or
phlebitis
Pregnancy
Menstruation
Acute dermatological
conditions
Severe cardiac conditions
Blood pressure abnormalities
treatment time.
Intensity: Only safe measure is the sensation of
machine
Accurate localization of heat.
Low frequency microwaves causes
selective heating in muscles.
Deep structure cannot be heated.
It can heat only one aspect of a joint.
Skin burns may develop rapidly.