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Defini\ie:
Inflama\ia uneia sau tuturor tunicilor
proprii esofagului.
Clasificare clinic` (f`r` delimitare de
timp):
- acute
- cronice
Clasificare etiologic`
Microbiene
Virale
Micotice
Chimice
Fizice
Medicamentoase
Secundare tulbur`rilor de motilitate
- GORD
- achalazie
Patogeneza
-
Continuitate
Contiguitate
Hematologie
Imunodepresie
Clinica
Asimptomatic`
Disfagie
Odinofagie
Diagnostic
Endoscopie
+ ex. bacteriologic
+ ex. micologic
+ ex. histologic
Echoendoscopie
ENTIT~|I
I. CANDIDA ALBICANS
Component normal al florei bucale.
Antibiotice
Corticosteroizi
Tratament antiacid
Diabet
Alcolism
Radioterapie
Tulbur`ri de motilitate
HIV CD4 < 200/mmc
Endoscopie
Pl`ci mici, albe/g`lbui
Pl`ci groase, acoperind esofagul
Ulcera\ii
Mase conopidiforme
Diagnostic diferen\ial
colonizare/infec\ie prin
citologie/histologie
Tratament
Ketoconazol 2-400 mg (nizoral)
Fluconazol 100 mg (diflucan)
Itraconazol 200 mg (sporanix)
Amfotericin` B 10-20 mg
Tratament:
Aciclovir 800 mg
A 47-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse had had fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain for two days
A 75-year-old woman with more than a 10-year history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus
reported a 3-day history of throat discomfort and white eruptions on the tongue
III. VCM
Tratament:
Ganciclovir
A 48-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus had had recurrent painful
ulcers in his mouth and esophagus for several years
IV. ESOFAGITA DE
REFLUX
Patogeneza esofagitei:
dezechilibru
agresiune/ap`rare
1. Agresiune
clorhidropeptic`
a) Timpul de expunere
b) Momentul expunerii:
- diurn
- nocturn
- postprandial
c) Ac\iune facilitat` hiperosmolalitatea alimentelor
2. Rezisten\a mucoasei
a) Stratul parakeratinizant
b) Stratul mediu - zona ocludens
- ATP-aza Na/H
c) Stratul bazal
ANATOMIE PATOLOGIC~
Alungirea papilelor
Ulcera\ii
Vasodilata\ie
Infiltrat inflamator mononuclear
Lezarea glandelor
Metaplazie columnar` BARRETT
Malignizare 10%
Diagnosticul endoscopic:
Clasificarea Los Angeles
Diagnostic
Demonstrarea refluxului
Testul perfuziei acide
Manometrie
pH-metrie
Radioizotopic`
Eviden\ierea esofagitei
Tratament
1. SCHIMBAREA STILULUI DE VIA|~
2. MEDICA|IE:
a) Antisecretorii
b) Prokinetice
c) Antirefluat
3. ENDOSCOPIE:
a) Termoabla\ia
b) Fotoabla\ia
c) Injectarea sfincterului
4. CHIRURGIE
V. ESOFAGITE
MEDICAMENTOASE
Se exclud:
Scleroterapia
Radioterapia
Causticele
Drogurile ce afecteaz` SEI
Toxicitatea direct`
pH-ul de disolu\ie
Viteza de solubilizare
Acumularea [n celule
Vasoconstric\ie (KCl)
Anatomie patologic`
A. Ini\ial fragilitate, hiperemie,
ulcera\ii
B. Faza de deterjare:
Tromboze vasculare
Edem
Ulcera\ii cu false membrane
C. Faza de reparare:
- apare scleroza
- posibil perfora\ii, fistule
D. Faza de cicatrizare:
- scleroza stenoz`/aderen\`
Simptome
Dureri orofaringiene
Durerei retrosternale
Dureri epigastrice
Hipersaliva\ie
V`rs`turi
H.D.S
Semne de perfora\ie
Urgen\` medical`
Pozi\ia sez@nd`
Abstinen\a alimentar`
Antiemetice
Cur`\area cavit`\ii bucale
Linie venoas`
Oxigen
Diagnostic Endoscopie
Grad
Endoscopic
0
I
IIa
IIb
Fara leziuni
Eritem
Pseudomembrana
Ulceratie &/
necroza
Pseudomembrana
Ulceratie &/
necroza
IIIa
IIIb
Extindere
leziuni
Circumferential
Circumferential
Tratament :
Repaus digestiv
Aspirarea substan\ei
Antibioterapie
Nutri\ie parenteral`
Chirurgie-perfora\ii
Esofagita cu eozinofile