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White people
Cryptorchidism
Intersex syndromes: Androgen insensitivity syndrome & gonadal dysgenesis.
Family history (brothers with germ cell tumors)
Describe Risk factors for Prostate Carcinoma
Age-more than 50
Race-more black
Genetic predisposition
Hormones:Androgens
Enviromental factors:fat intake for example will elevate testosterone levels.
Seminoma & embryonal carcinoma and others
Classification
Testicular carcinoma is divided into 2 major categories:
Germ cell tumors (90-95%)
mostly malignant seminoma, embryonal carc, yolk.
Nongerm cell tumors: stromal and sex cord, derived from Sertoli and leydig cells (5-10%)
mostly benign
Germ cell tumors are further divided into seminomas and non-seminomas
- Seminoma and embryonal carcinoma
- Both are part of germ cell tumors
Seminoma - has single histologic pattern
-40-50 years
-50% of testicular germ cell tumors; histologically identical to ovarian dysgerminoma
-soft, well demarcated, grey-white bulging tumors
-can have a foci of coagulation necrosis without hemorrhage
-large, uniform cells with distinct cell borders, clear, glycogen rich cytoplasm, round nuclei,
conspicuous nucleoli
-can be accompanied ill-defined granulomatous reaction
Histology:
Single histologic pattern
Sheets of uniform white cells with clear or watery cytoplasm
Large central nucleous
Poorly demarcated lobules with delicate septa and Ly
Spermatocytic Seminoma
-65+ years -uncommon
-lack lymphocytic infiltrates, granulomas, and syncytiotrophoblasts -don't metastasize and not
associated with intratubular germ cell neoplasia
-variable shaped polygonal cells in nodules or sheets
NON SEMINOMA
Embryonal carcinoma- carcinoma has mixed pattern
Gross:
20-30year old
Poorly demarcated small gray-white tumor with hemorrage and/or necrosis
20% penetration of tunica albuginea
frequent component of mixed germ cell tumor
Histology:
tumor cells: look large and primitive; basophilic ctoplasm; indistinct borders; large
nuclei; prominent nucleoli
Composed of primitive anaplastic tumor cells that grow in solid sheets or in glandular
or tubular pattern, and irregular papillae
Mitoses and giant cells are common
Yolk Sac Tumor