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No. Dok. : CM-7.5-1/MPL/08
Rev: 1
LESSON PLAN
I. Subject Identity
Name of School
Grade
Semester
Program
Subject
Meeting
A. Carbon Atom
There are several million organic compounds, but only a quarter of million
inorganic compounds (compounds that are not based on carbon). Why are these so
many organic compounds? The answer lies in the bonding properties of carbon.
As shown in figure below, each carbon atom usually forms a total of four
covalent bonds. Thus, a carbon can connect to as many as four other atoms. Carbon
can bond to many other types of atoms, including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. If
carbon atom bonds to hydrogen or other carbon atoms only is called Hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbon compounds are usually classified into several types, such as Aliphatic and
Cyclic hydrocarbon. To more understand about this, give attention for the following
scheme.
Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic
Alkane
Alkene
Cyclic
Alkyne
Cycloalkane
Aromatic
B. Alkane
C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Chemical Formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
Name of Alkane
Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane
Boiling point
16
(C)
182
(C)
-162
C2H6
30
-183
-89
propane
C3H8
44
-188
-42
butane
C4H10
58
-138
-0.5
pentane
C5H12
72
-130
36
hexane
C6H14
86
-95
69
heptane
C7H16
100
-91
99
oktane
C8H18
114
-57
126
nonane
C9H20
128
-54
151
dekane
C10H22
142
-30
174
Alkanes
Molecule formula
Mr
methane
CH4
ethane
CH3-
Alkyl name
Methyl
CH3-CH2-H
CH3-CH2-
Ethyl
CH3-CH2-CH2-
Propyl
CH3-CH2CH3
Isopropyl
(ethane)
CH3-CH2-CH2-H (propane)
Alkyl series
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-H
(butane)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-
Butyl
CH3-CH2-CHCH3
Sec-butyl
(secondary
buthyl)
Isobutyl
CH3-CH-CH2CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH3
CH3
Tert-butyl
(tertiery buthyl)
Identify any branches that are present. Then number the main chain from the end
that gives the lowest number to the first location at which branching occurs.
Identify the location of any branches with numbers. Use the number of carbons in
each branch to name it.
If there are two or more the same type of branch, give each branch a position
number. And then use multiplying prefix es such as di, tri, tetra to indicate the
number of branch.
Put commas between number, and hyphens between numbers and letters
When possible, put number in ascending order.
if there is more than type of branch , name the branches in alphabetical order.
Determine the alphabetical number by using the first letter of the root (methyl or
ethyl) not the multiplying prefix (di, tri, tetra, etc)
If more than one chain could be the main chain (because they are the same length),
choose the chain that has the most branches attached.
: 2 x 45 minutes