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Macronutrients
Protein
Fats
Carbohydrates
Functions of protein
Enzymatic function
Transportation function
Hormonal function
Immune function
Buffering function. (Eg. Albumin helps)
Essential
Isoleucine
Leucine
Valine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Histidine
Selenocysteine
Conditionally essential:
Arginine
Cysteine
Glutamine
Glycine
Proline
Tyrosine
Non-essential
Alanine
Aspartic acid
Asparagine
Glutamic acid
Serine
Protein digestion
Stomach (Can expand upon)
Pancreas
Final digestion long chain polypeptides in intenstine.
Amino acids -> liver-> blood stream -> where needed.
Some
Some
Some
Some
Poor functioning kidneys, may be at risk due to poor excretion of amino acids.
Protein requirement:
0.75g per kilogram of body weight per day.
Does vary with stage of life:
Fats
FUNCTIONS of FAT
DIGESTION OF FATS
CHOLESTEROL
TOTAL <5.2 for people at high risk
LDL 1.8 (high risk) 2.6-3.3mmol (healthy)
HDL >1mmol/L men 1.3 women
TRIGLYCERIDES <1.7mmol/L
Saturated fats
Monounsaturated fats
Poluunsaturated fats
STRUCTURE
Monosacharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Disaccarides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Oligosaccharides
Raffinose
Stachyose
Polysaccarides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose (fiber)
DIGESTION OF CARBOHYDRATES
DIETARY FIBER
Both types of fiber are useful to the body.Women aim for 28 grams of fiber per
day, men 38 g for men.
MICRONUTRIENTS
Vitamins,
Watr soluable B C
Fat soluble ADEK
Vitam