ARRAYS

PREVIEWING THE TREASURES GIFT SHOP

APPLICATION

Treasures application

Allows the user to enter a product ID

Displays the products price

Open the Treasures.exe file

PREVIEWING THE TREASURES GIFT SHOP

APPLICATION (CONTD.)

Figure 9-1 Interface showing the products price

3

LESSON A OBJECTIVES
After studying Lesson A, you should be able to:
Declare and initialize a one-dimensional array
Store data in a one-dimensional array
Determine the number of array elements and the
highest subscript
Traverse a one-dimensional array
Code a loop using the For EachNext statement

LESSON A OBJECTIVES (CONTD.)

Compute the total and average of a onedimensional arrays contents
Find the highest value in a one-dimensional
array
Associate a list box with a one-dimensional array
Use a one-dimensional array as an accumulator
or a counter
Sort a one-dimensional array

USING ARRAYS

Simple (scalar) variable

Array

One that is unrelated to any other variable in

memory
Group of related variables
Variables have same name and data type

Reasons to use arrays

Simplifies process of coding application

Increases run-time efficiency of program

ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

One-dimensional array

Subscript

Variables stored in consecutive memory locations

Visualized as a column of variables
Indicates variables position in the array
Starts at 0 for first array variable

Refer to array variable by array name and

subscript

Example: strCities(0) is first variable in

strCities array
7

ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS (CONTD.)

Figure 9-2 Illustration of the one-dimensional strCities array

8

Figure 9-3 Syntax versions and examples of declaring a one-dimensional array

ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS (CONTD.)

Element: Refers to individual array variable
Arrays are initialized by computer when created

Arrays of numeric variables are initialized to 0

Arrays of string variables are initialized using
keyword Nothing

Arrays of Boolean variables are initialized to False

Arrays of Date variables are initialized to 12:00 AM
January 1, 0001

Populating the array

Assigning initial values

10

ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS (CONTD.)

After array is declared, you can store data in
array
To enter data into array:

Use assignment statement

Use TryParse statement

Example syntax using assignment statement

arrayname(subscript) = value

11

Figure 9-4 Examples of statements used to store data in a one-dimensional array 12

DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF

ELEMENTS AND THE HIGHEST SUBSCRIPT

Arrays Length property

Stores number of elements in array

Highest subscript in a one-dimensional array

Number is an integer

Subtract 1 from arrays Length property

GetUpperBound method

Returns an integer that represents highest subscript

in specified array dimension

For one-dimensional array, specified dimension is 0

13

DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS

AND THE HIGHEST SUBSCRIPT (CONTD.)

Figure 9-5 Syntax and an example of a one-dimensional arrays Length property

14

DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS

AND THE HIGHEST SUBSCRIPT (CONTD.)

Figure 9-6 Syntax and an example of a one-dimensional arrays GetUpperBound method

15

TRAVERSING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

Traversing an array

Look at each array element, one by one

Beginning with first element
Ending with last element

Figure 9-7 shows two examples

16

TRAVERSING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

(CONTD.)

Figure 9-7 Examples of loops used to traverse a one-dimensional array

17

THE FOR EACHNEXT STATEMENT

For EachNext statement

Unlike ForNext statement:

Used to process each element in array

You do not have to keep track of array subscripts

Can only read array values, not permanently modify
them

Declare variable within For EachNext

statement to refer to each array element, one at a
time

18

Figure 9-9 Syntax and an example of the For EachNext statement

19

CALCULATING THE TOTAL AND AVERAGE

VALUES

Sweet Tooth Chocolate application

Displays total number of pounds of chocolate sold

during six month period
Displays average number of pounds sold each month

btnCalc controls Click event procedure

Adds array element values

Divides total by number of array elements
Displays average amount on form

20

Figure 9-11
Examples of code for the
btnCalc_Click event procedure
(continues)

21

Figure 9-11
Examples of code for the btnCalc_Click event procedure (contd.)
22

FINDING THE HIGHEST VALUE

Cycles Galore application

Displays highest bonus amount earned during the

month
Displays number of salespeople who earned that
amount

Get Highest Bonus buttons Click event

procedure

Code shown in Figure 9-16

23

Figure 9-16 Get Highest Bonus buttons Click event procedure

24

ARRAYS AND COLLECTIONS

Items in a list box belong to a collection
Collections and arrays

Group of individual objects treated as one unit

Each object identified by unique number
First index in a collection and first array subscript
are both 0

List boxes can be associated with arrays

25

ARRAYS AND COLLECTIONS (CONTD.)

Prairie Auditorium application

Figure 9-17 Problem specification for the Prairie Auditorium application

26

ARRAYS AND COLLECTIONS (CONTD.)

Figure 9-18 Illustration of the relationship between the list box and array

27

Figure 9-19 Most of the code for the Prairie Auditorium application
28

ACCUMULATOR AND COUNTER ARRAYS

One-dimensional arrays

Often used to either accumulate or count related

values

Warren School application

Uses an accumulator array

Allows user to enter amount of candy sold for each
student
Displays total number sold for each candy

29

Figure 9-24 btnAdd controls Click event procedure

30

SORTING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

Sorting

Array.Sort method

Arranging data in a specific order

Sorts elements of one-dimensional array in ascending

order
Syntax: Array.Sort(arrayname)

To sort array in descending order:

First use Array.Sort to sort in ascending order

Then use Array.Reverse to reverse order of array
elements
31

Figure 9-26 Syntax and examples of the Array.Sort and Array.Reverse methods

32

SORTING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

(CONTD.)

Figure 9-28 State names displayed in ascending order

33

LESSON A SUMMARY
An array groups variables with same data type
under one name
Individual array variables also called elements
Arrays may be declared with or without list of
initial values

Values can be assigned after declaration

Arrays Length property returns array size

Can also use GetUpperBound method

34

LESSON A SUMMARY (CONTD.)

To traverse each element in a one-dimensional

array

Use a loop coded with one of the following

statements:

DoLoop, ForNext, For EachNext

To associate list box with array:

Use list box items index and array elements

subscript

Array.Sort: Sorts elements in ascending order

Array.Reverse: Reverses order of array elements

35

LESSON B OBJECTIVES
After studying Lesson B, you should be able to:
Explain the relationship between the elements in
parallel one-dimensional arrays
Create parallel one-dimensional arrays
Locate information in two parallel onedimensional arrays

36

PARALLEL ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

Parallel arrays

Two or more arrays whose elements are related by

their position in arrays (by their subscripts)
Arrays may be different data types

Scenario involving two parallel arrays

Parallel arrays named strIds and intPrices

Each strIds element corresponds to intPrices
element located in same position
Search strIds array for product ID
View corresponding element in intPrices array
37

PARALLEL ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

(CONTD.)

Figure 9-31 Illustration of two parallel one-dimensional arrays

38

Figure 9-32 btnDisplay controls Click event procedure

using parallel one-dimensional arrays (continues)
39

Figure 9-32 btnDisplay controls Click event procedure

using parallel one-dimensional arrays (contd.)
40

PARALLEL ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

(CONTD.)

Figure 9-33 Interface showing the price for product ID CR20

41

LESSON B SUMMARY

To create parallel one-dimensional arrays:

Create two or more one-dimensional arrays

Ensure value stored in first element in first array
corresponds to value stored in same element in other
arrays

42

LESSON C OBJECTIVES
After studying Lesson C, you should be able to:
Declare and initialize a two-dimensional array
Store data in a two-dimensional array
Sum the values in a two-dimensional array
Search a two-dimensional array

43

TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS

Two-dimensional array

Resembles a table
Storing variables (elements) in rows and columns

Identifying a two-dimensional array element

Use unique combination of two subscripts to specify

elements row and column position
Subscripts begin at 0
Example: strProducts(1,2)refers to second row, third
column

44

TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS (CONTD.)

Figure 9-37 Names of some of the elements in the strProducts array

45

Figure 9-38 Syntax versions and examples of declaring a two-dimensional array (continues)
46

Figure 9-38 Syntax versions and examples of declaring a two-dimensional array (contd.)

47

Figure 9-39
Examples of
statements used to
store data in a twodimensional array
(continues)

48

Figure 9-39 Examples of statements used to store data in a two-dimensional array (contd.)

49

Figure 9-40 Syntax and an example of a two-dimensional arrays GetUpperBound method

50

TRAVERSING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

One loop used to traverse one-dimensional array
Two loops used to traverse two-dimensional array

Outer loop and nested loop

One keeps track of row subscript
One keeps track of column subscript

Can also traverse two-dimensional array using:

One For EachNext loop

This method cannot permanently modify values

51

Figure 9-41 Examples of loops used to traverse a two-dimensional array (continues)

52

Figure 9-41 Examples of loops used to traverse a two-dimensional array (contd.) 53

SEARCHING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY

Two-dimensional arrays versus parallel arrays

Both can represent data in tabular format

All data in two-dimensional array must be same type

New version of Treasures application

Use one two-dimensional array to store price list

2-D array replaces two parallel arrays in first version

54

Figure 9-45 btnDisplay controls Click event procedure using a

two-dimensional array (continues)
55

Figure 9-45 btnDisplay controls Click event procedure using a

two-dimensional array (contd.)
56

LESSON C SUMMARY

To declare a two-dimensional array:

Use either syntax:

To refer to two-dimensional array element:

Use syntax:
arrayName(rowSubscript, columnSubscript)

57

LESSON C SUMMARY (CONTD.)

To determine highest row and column subscripts

in a two-dimensional array:
Use GetUpperBound method
Syntax:
arrayName.GetUpperBound(0)
arrayName.GetUpperBound(1)

58