Antarctica

Marzena E. Pepowska

What is Antarctica?
Antarctica is a continent that is right at the south of the planet. (if you try to
find it on a globe you will see that it is at the bottom.)

Antarctica
It takes up 1/10 of the Earths surface and is
covered with a blanket of ice that can be thick
as 1,500 metres or more. The South Pole is
right in the middle of Antarctica.

SOUTH POLE

9/10

1/10

blanket
of ice:
~1,500
metres

The number 1
Antarctica is the coldest continent, as well as the driest, the highest and the windiest.

People in Antarctica
Very few people live there all year round.
Scientists stay there for short periods,
living in specially build research stations.

Seasons in Antarctica
Summer in Antarctica is between
October and March. During this
time there is non-stop daylight.
In winter, April to September, the
opposite happens and Antarctica is
plunged into six months of constant
darkness.

Temperatures - summer
In Antarctica, it is colder than you can
possibly imagine, even in the summer!
The South Pole is the coldest part of
Antarctica. The average temperature for
January, the middle of the summer, is
minus 28 degrees Celsius (written as -28
O
C). Minus means colder than the
freezing point, which is OOC.

Summer: -28OC

Temperatures - winter

Summer: -28OC

-60
-70
-80
-90
-100

Winter: -89OC

In the winter, April to

September, the average
temperature at the South
Pole can be as cold as
-89OC.

Temperatures - winter
When it is that cold, a mug
of boiling water thrown in
the air would freeze before
it hit the ice.

Sometimes the scientists have to use

fridges to keep their samples warm!

Penguins in Antarctica
There are more penguins in the Antarctica than any other bird.

Penguins in Antarctica
They cannot fly but they use their short wings as swimming flippers. They are
superb swimmers.

Penguins in Antarctica
On land, they waddle upright or
move in short hops.

Penguins in Antarctica
Penguins have many feathers that
overlap each other. These, together
with wooly down feathers and a thick
layer of fat, keep out the cold air, wind
and water. For extra warmth, penguins
huddle together in groups.

References:
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This presentation was created in order to facilitate reading Antarctica: Land of Ice (Appendix D: Sample passages, questions, and scoring
guides. PIRLS 2006 Assessment. Copyright 2007 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). Publisher:
TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College.)