Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Flip books
A flip book is a collection of pictures that differ
slightly from the last in book form. If you flip
through the pages of said book fast enough it
looks like a basic animation. These were the first
forms of animation dating back to the 1800s
when the first flip books were made. The first flip
book was made in 1868; it was patented by John
Barnes Linnet. The first flip books were a rotating
disk with images on and you would look down a
viewer to see the animation when the cylinder was rotated rapidly.
Animated cartoon
Claymation
Clay animation or Claymation is one of many forms of stop motion
animation. Each animated piece, either the character or the background,
is usually made of plasticine clay. Claymation can take several forms:
frames per second as this is where we stop noticing the lack of frames,
also it improves the file size of the film that is shown as they are usually
preformatted to show at 24 frames per second. Most animations display at
30 frames per second, this is to allow the animator to design the cartoon
easier knowing that there are a rounded number of frames per second
instead of 24.
Frames
Frames are the individual still pictures of the clip
you can see an example of this if you pause your
TV, when paused it will show a single frame on the
screen. Most animations, or at least traditional
ones, are designed frame by frame, a good
example of this is tom and Gerry, when it was first
aired there were no computers made for
animation so each frame had to be drawn that meant that each episode
could take months to draw or even years. See right for an example of a
tom and Gerry frame.
Key frames
A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the
starting and ending points of any smooth transition. A sequence of key
frames defines which movement the viewer will see, whereas the position
of the key frames on the film, video, or animation defines the timing of the
movement. The drawings are called frames because their position in time
motion; hence the name onion skinning. In computer software, this effect
is achieved by making frames translucent and projecting them on top of
each other. This effect can also be used to create motion blurs, as seen in
The Matrix when characters dodge bullets.
Tweening
When animating in a digital context,
especially with Adobe Flash, which uses
automatic interpolation, the term tweening
is commonly used and the resulting
sequence of frames is called a tween.
Sophisticated animation software enables
one to identify specific objects in an image
and define how they should move and
change during the tweening process. Software may be used to manually
render or adjust transitional frames by hand or may be used to
automatically render transitional frames using interpolation of graphic
parameters.
Digital animation
Vector animation
Vector images are made up of co-ordinates and lines that go
from one set to another, this eventually make up an image, but
unlike raster images they dont pixelate when enlarged. Vector
images also can be compressed much more without losing their
quality, this allows for really small in file size, good quality
images to be used. Also mathematical curves can be used to
make rounded objects. There are a few limitations with vector images, the
main one is that only basic images can be made e.g. cartoons (see right)
and basic logos. Vectors use only a few types of file e.g., .eps and .ai.
Vector animation is the animation of images that have no set pixels but
instead a set of mathematical equations i.e. y=X+2 when 2<y<4. This
allows direct manipulation of the vector assets by physically changing the
vertices of the vector.
Raster animation
A raster image is a graphic that is defined by pixels each raster image can
be made up of hundreds of thousands if not millions of pixels. Raster
File formats
There are 2 main file formats for use with
animation. The first is .swf or shockwave flash,
this is used mostly by web browsers as it is a
light weight format that most browsers can
run. To use .swf files the person trying to
access them needs flash player add-on for
their browser The second format is .fla which is
pretty much the same as .swf but is not
optimised for use with internet browsers this is
because it allows more freedom when used offline.
Flash
A Flash animation or Flash cartoon is an animated
film that is created by Adobe Flash or similar
animation software and often distributed in the
SWF file format. In the late 1990s, when bandwidth
was still at 56 Kb/s for most Internet users, many
Flash animation artists employed limited animation
or cutout animation when creating projects
intended for web distribution. This allowed artists
to release shorts and interactive experiences well under 1 MB, which could
stream both audio and high-end animation.
Flash player
Adobe Flash Player (Shockwave Flash in Internet
Explorer and Firefox) is freeware software for using
content created on the Adobe Flash platform,
including viewing multimedia, executing rich
Internet applications, and streaming video and
audio. Flash Player can run from a web browser as
a browser plug-in or on supported mobile devices.
Flash Player was created by Macromedia and has been developed and
distributed by Adobe Systems since Adobe acquired Macromedia.
Director
Director is a piece of software by macromedia that
uses assets and sprites to create interactive
animations that allow the user to play basic games or
navigate through their DVD menu. This is particularly
useful when making software for travel companies to
showcase destinations and events; or making an
interactive web banner.
QuickTime
QuickTime is a piece of software that allows the playback of video that is
embedded in animations and also standalone video. This is particularly
useful when combined with Director as it allows toy to add sample clips