Contingency theories

Fiedler model
Situational
model

The Fiedler model

The

fiedler mode proposes that effective group

performance depend upon the proper match
between the leaders style of interacting with
followers and the degree to which the situation
allows the leader to control and influence.
ASSUMPTIONS:
A certain leadership style should be most
effective in different types of situations.
Leaders do not readily change leadership
styles.
Matching the leader to the situation or
changing the situation to make it favorable to
the leader is required.

Identifying leadership
style
Least preferred coworker (LPC)questionnaire
The

purpose of the questionnaire is to measure

whether a person is task oriented or
relationship oriented.
It contain set of 16 contrasting adjectives such
as pleasant unpleasant, efficient-inefficient,
open- guarded, supportive-hostile .
Determines leadership style by measuring
responses to 16 pairs of contrasting adjective.
High score: a relationship oriented leadership
style
Low score: a task oriented leadership style

Defining the situation

leadermember
relation

situati
on
Task
structure

Position
powers

 LEADER MEMBER RELATIONS is the degree of

confidence ,trust and respect members have in
their leader.
TASK STRUCTURE is the degree to which the
job assignment that is structured and
unstructured.
Position power is the degree of influence a
leader has over power variables such as hiring,
firing ,discipline , promotions, and salary
increases.
Fiedler states that the better the leader-member
relations , the more highly structured the job,
and the stronger the position power , the more
control the leader has.

MATCHING LEADERS AND

SITUATIONS
Fiedler

would predict that when faced with a

categoryI,II, III,VII OR VIII = TASK ORIENTED LEADER
PERFORM BETTER
IV ,VI =RELATIOSHIP ORIENTED LEADER
COGNITIVE RESOURCE THEORY
This theory states that stress unfavorably
affects a situation and that intelligence and
experience can reduce the influence of stress
on the leader

HERSEY AND BLANCHARDS

SITUATIONAL THEORY
Argues that successful leadership is
achieved by selecting the right
leadership style which is contingent on
the level of the followers readiness.
ACCEPTANCE: leadership effective
depends on whether followers accept or
reject a leader.
READINESS: the extent to which
followers have the ability and
willingness to accomplish a specific
task.

 UNABLE AND UNWILLING TO DO TASK=Leader

need to give clear and specific direction
UNABLE AND WILLING= the leader needs to
display high task oriented to compensate for
the followers lack of ability and high
relationship orientation to get the followers to
buy into the leaders desire
ABLE AND UNWILLING= the leader needs to
use a supportive and participative style
ABLE AND WILLING= nothing

PATH GOAL THEORY

A

theory that states that it is leaders job to

assist followers in attaining their goals and to
provide the direction and support to ensure
that their goals are comparable with the
overall objective of the group or organization.
Leaders assume different leadership styles at
different time depending on the situation:
- directive leader
-supportive leader
-participative leader
- achievement oriented leader

CONTEMPORARY LEADERSHIP
ROLES
MENTORING
SELF-LEADERSHIP
THE

E-AGE ONLINE LEADERSHIP.