Turabian Quick Guide

KateL.Turabian'sManualforWritersofResearchPapers,Theses,and
Dissertationspresentstwobasicdocumentationsystems:notesbibliographystyle(or
simplybibliographystyle)andauthordatestyle(sometimescalledreferencelist
style).ThesestylesareessentiallythesameasthosepresentedinTheChicago
ManualofStyle,sixteenthedition,withslightmodificationsfortheneedsofstudent
writers.
Bibliographystyleisusedwidelyinliterature,history,andthearts.Thisstylepresents
bibliographicinformationinfootnotesorendnotesand,usually,abibliography.
Themoreconciseauthordatestylehaslongbeenusedinthephysical,natural,and
socialsciences.Inthissystem,sourcesarebrieflycitedinparenthesesinthetextby
author'slastnameanddateofpublication.Theparentheticalcitationsareamplifiedin
alistofreferences,wherefullbibliographicinformationisprovided.
Asidefromtheuseofnotesversusparentheticalreferencesinthetext,thetwo
systemsshareasimilarstyle.Clickonthetabsbelowtoseesomecommonexamples
ofmaterialscitedineachstyle.Foramoredetaileddescriptionofthestylesand
numerousspecificexamples,seechapters16and17ofthe8theditionofTurabianfor
bibliographystyleandchapters18and19forauthordatestyle.Ifyouareuncertain
whichstyletouseinapaper,consultyourinstructor.

NOTES - BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLE : SAMPLE CITATIONS

Thefollowingexamplesillustratecitationsusingnotesbibliographystyle.Examples
ofnotesarefollowedbyshortenedversionsofcitationstothesamesource.Formore
detailsandmanymoreexamples,seechapters16and17ofTurabian.Forexamplesof
thesamecitationsusingtheauthordatesystem,clickontheAuthorDatetababove.
Book
Oneauthor

1.MalcolmGladwell,TheTippingPoint:HowLittleThingsCanMakeaBig
Difference(Boston:Little,Brown,2000),6465.
2.Gladwell,TippingPoint,71.

Gladwell,Malcolm.TheTippingPoint:HowLittleThingsCanMakeaBigDifference.
Boston:Little,Brown,2000.
Twoormoreauthors

1.PeterMoreyandAminaYaqin,FramingMuslims:Stereotypingand
Representationafter9/11(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,2011),52.
2.MoreyandYaqin,FramingMuslims,6061.
Morey,Peter,andAminaYaqin.FramingMuslims:StereotypingandRepresentation
after9/11.Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,2011.

Forfourormoreauthors,listalloftheauthorsinthebibliography;inthenote,list
onlythefirstauthor,followedby"etal."("andothers"):
1.JayM.Bernsteinetal.,ArtandAestheticsafterAdorno(Berkeley:Universityof
CaliforniaPress,2010),276.
2.Bernsteinetal.,ArtandAesthetics,18.
Bernstein,JayM.,ClaudiaBrodsky,AnthonyJ.Cascardi,ThierrydeDuve,Ales
Erjavec,RobertKaufman,andFredRush.ArtandAestheticsafterAdorno.Berkeley:
UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2010.
Editorortranslatorinsteadofauthor

1.RichmondLattimore,trans.,TheIliadofHomer(Chicago:UniversityofChicago
Press,1951),9192.
2.Lattimore,Iliad,24.
Lattimore,Richmond,trans.TheIliadofHomer.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,
1951.
Editorortranslatorinadditiontoauthor

1.JaneAusten,Persuasion:AnAnnotatedEdition,ed.RobertMorrison
(Cambridge,MA:BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,2011),31112.
2.Austen,Persuasion,315.

Austen,Jane.Persuasion:AnAnnotatedEdition.EditedbyRobertMorrison.
Cambridge,MA:BelknapPressofHarvardUniversityPress,2011.

Chapterorotherpartofabook

1.AngelesRamirez,"MuslimWomenintheSpanishPress:ThePersistenceof
SubalternImages,"inMuslimWomeninWarandCrisis:RepresentationandReality,
ed.FaeghehShirazi(Austin:UniversityofTexasPress,2010),231.
2.Ramirez,"MuslimWomen,"23940.
Ramirez,angeles."MuslimWomenintheSpanishPress:ThePersistenceofSubaltern
Images."InMuslimWomeninWarandCrisis:RepresentationandReality,editedby
FaeghehShirazi,22744.Austin:UniversityofTexasPress,2010.
Preface,foreword,introduction,orsimilarpartofabook

1.WilliamCronon,forewordtoTheRepublicofNature,byMarkFiege(Seattle:
UniversityofWashingtonPress,2012),ix.
2.Cronon,foreword,xxi.
Cronon,William.ForewordtoTheRepublicofNature,byMarkFiege,ixxii.Seattle:
UniversityofWashingtonPress,2012.
Bookpublishedelectronically

Ifabookisavailableinmorethanoneformat,citetheversionyouconsulted.For
booksconsultedonline,includeanaccessdateandaURL.Ifyouconsultedthebook
inalibraryorcommercialdatabase,youmaygivethenameofthedatabaseinsteadof
aURL.Ifnofixedpagenumbersareavailable,youcanincludeasectiontitleora
chapterorothernumber.
1.IsabelWilkerson,TheWarmthofOtherSuns:TheEpicStoryofAmerica'sGreat
Migration(NewYork:Vintage,2010),18384,Kindle.
2.PhilipB.KurlandandRalphLerner,eds.,TheFounders'Constitution(Chicago:
UniversityofChicagoPress,1987),chap.10,doc.19,accessedOctober15,2011,
http://presspubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

3.JosephP.Quinlan,TheLastEconomicSuperpower:TheRetreatof
Globalization,theEndofAmericanDominance,andWhatWeCanDoaboutIt(New
York:McGrawHill,2010),211,accessedDecember8,2012,ProQuestEbrary.
4.Wilkerson,WarmthofOtherSuns,401.
5.KurlandandLerner,Founders'Constitution.
6.Quinlan,LastEconomicSuperpower,88.
Wilkerson,Isabel.TheWarmthofOtherSuns:TheEpicStoryofAmerica'sGreat
Migration.NewYork:Vintage,2010.Kindle.
Kurland,PhilipB.,andRalphLerner,eds.TheFounders'Constitution.Chicago:
UniversityofChicagoPress,1987.AccessedOctober15,2011.http://press
pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
Quinlan,JosephP.TheLastEconomicSuperpower:TheRetreatofGlobalization,the
EndofAmericanDominance,andWhatWeCanDoaboutIt.NewYork:McGraw
Hill,2010.AccessedDecember8,2012.ProQuestEbrary.
Journal article

Inanote,listthespecificpagenumbersconsulted,ifany.Inthebibliography,listthe
pagerangeforthewholearticle.
Articleinaprintjournal

1.AlexandraBogren,"GenderandAlcohol:TheSwedishPressDebate,"Journal
ofGenderStudies20,no.2(June2011):156.
2.Bogren,"GenderandAlcohol,"157.
Bogren,Alexandra."GenderandAlcohol:TheSwedishPressDebate."Journalof
GenderStudies20,no.2(June2011):15569.
Articleinanonlinejournal

Forajournalarticleconsultedonline,includeanaccessdateandaURL.Forarticles
thatincludeaDOI,formtheURLbyappendingtheDOItohttp://dx.doi.org/rather
thanusingtheURLinyouraddressbar.TheDOIforthearticleintheBrownexample
belowis10.1086/660696.Ifyouconsultedthearticleinalibraryorcommercial
database,youmaygivethenameofthedatabaseinstead.

1.CampbellBrown,"ConsequentializeThis,"Ethics121,no.4(July2011):752,
accessedDecember1,2012,http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
2.AnastaciaKurylo,"Linsanity:TheConstructionof(Asian)IdentityinanOnline
NewYorkKnicksBasketballForum,"ChinaMediaResearch8,no.4(October
2012):16,accessedMarch9,2013,AcademicOneFile.
3.Brown,"ConsequentializeThis,"761.
4.Kurylo,"Linsanity,"1819.
Brown,Campbell."ConsequentializeThis."Ethics121,no.4(July2011):74971.
AccessedDecember1,2012.http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696.
Kurylo,Anastacia."Linsanity:TheConstructionof(Asian)IdentityinanOnlineNew
YorkKnicksBasketballForum."ChinaMediaResearch8,no.4(October2012):15
28.AccessedMarch9,2013.AcademicOneFile.
Magazine article

1.JillLepore,"DickensinEden,"NewYorker,August29,2011,52.
2.Lepore,"DickensinEden,"5455.
Lepore,Jill."DickensinEden."NewYorker,August29,2011.
Newspaper article

Newspaperarticlesmaybecitedinrunningtext("AsElisabethBumillerandThom
ShankernotedinaNewYorkTimesarticleonJanuary23,2013,...")insteadofina
note,andtheyarecommonlyomittedfromabibliography.Thefollowingexamples
showthemoreformalversionsofthecitations.
1.ElisabethBumillerandThomShanker,"PentagonLiftsBanonWomenin
Combat,"NewYorkTimes,January23,2013,accessedJanuary24,2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/us/pentagonsaysitisliftingbanonwomenin
combat.html.
2.BumillerandShanker,"PentagonLiftsBan."
Bumiller,Elisabeth,andThomShanker."PentagonLiftsBanonWomenin
Combat."NewYorkTimes,January23,2013.AccessedJanuary24,2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/us/pentagonsaysitisliftingbanonwomenin
combat.html.
Book review

1.JoelMokyr,reviewofNaturalExperimentsofHistory,ed.JaredDiamondand
JamesA.Robinson,AmericanHistoricalReview116,no.3(June2011):754,
accessedDecember9,2011,http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.3.752.
2.Mokyr,reviewofNaturalExperimentsofHistory,752.
Mokyr,Joel.ReviewofNaturalExperimentsofHistory,editedbyJaredDiamondand
JamesA.Robinson.AmericanHistoricalReview116,no.3(June2011):75255.
AccessedDecember9,2011.http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.116.3.752.

Thesis or dissertation

1.DanaS.Levin,"Let'sTalkaboutSex...Education:ExploringYouth
Perspectives,ImplicitMessages,andUnexaminedImplicationsofSexEducationin
Schools"(PhDdiss.,UniversityofMichigan,2010),1012.
2.Levin,"Let'sTalkaboutSex,"98.
Levin,DanaS."Let'sTalkaboutSex...Education:ExploringYouthPerspectives,
ImplicitMessages,andUnexaminedImplicationsofSexEducationinSchools."PhD
diss.,UniversityofMichigan,2010.
Paper presented at a meeting or conference

1.RachelAdelman,"'SuchStuffasDreamsAreMadeOn':God'sFootstoolinthe
AramaicTargumimandMidrashicTradition"(paperpresentedattheannualmeeting
fortheSocietyofBiblicalLiterature,NewOrleans,Louisiana,November2124,
2009).
2.Adelman,"SuchStuffasDreams."
Adelman,Rachel."'SuchStuffasDreamsAreMadeOn':God'sFootstoolinthe
AramaicTargumimandMidrashicTradition."Paperpresentedattheannualmeeting
fortheSocietyofBiblicalLiterature,NewOrleans,Louisiana,November2124,
2009.
Website

Acitationtowebsitecontentcanoftenbelimitedtoamentioninthetextorinanote
("AsofJuly27,2012,Google'sprivacypolicyhadbeenupdatedtoinclude...").Ifa

moreformalcitationisdesired,itmaybestyledasintheexamplesbelow.Because
suchcontentissubjecttochange,includeanaccessdateand,ifavailable,adatethat
thesitewaslastmodified.
1."PrivacyPolicy,"GooglePolicies&Principles,lastmodifiedJuly27,2012,
accessedJanuary3,2013,http://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
2.Google,"PrivacyPolicy."
Google."PrivacyPolicy."GooglePolicies&Principles.LastmodifiedJuly27,2012.
AccessedJanuary3,2013.http://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Blog entry or comment

Blogentriesorcommentsmaybecitedinrunningtext("InacommentpostedtoThe
BeckerPosnerBlogonFebruary16,2012,...")insteadofinanote,andtheyare
commonlyomittedfromabibliography.Thefollowingexamplesshowthemore
formalversionsofthecitations.
1.GaryBecker,"IsCapitalisminCrisis?,"TheBeckerPosnerBlog,February12,
2012,accessedFebruary16,2012,http://www.beckerposnerblog.com/2012/02/is
capitalismincrisisbecker.html.
2.Becker,"IsCapitalisminCrisis?"
Becker,Gary."IsCapitalisminCrisis?"TheBeckerPosnerBlog,February12,2012.
AccessedFebruary16,2012.http://www.beckerposnerblog.com/2012/02/is
capitalismincrisisbecker.html.
E-mail or text message

Emailandtextmessagesmaybecitedinrunningtext("Inatextmessagetothe
authoronJuly21,2012,JohnDoerevealed...")insteadofinanote,andtheyare
rarelylistedinabibliography.Thefollowingexampleshowsthemoreformalversion
ofanote.
1. JohnDoe,emailmessagetoauthor,July21,2012.
Comment posted on a social networking service

Likeemailandtextmessages,commentspostedonasocialnetworkingservicemay
becitedinrunningtext("InamessagepostedtoherTwitteraccountonAugust25,
2011,...")insteadofinanote,andtheyarerarelylistedinabibliography.The
followingexampleshowsthemoreformalversionofanote.
1.

SarahPalin,Twitterpost,August25,2011(10:23p.m.),accessedSeptember
4,2011,http://twitter.com/sarahpalinusa.