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ABSTRACT

Fast food characterized as quick easily accessible and cheap alternatives


to home cooked meals. It started in Kansas, USA in year 1921. This papers
purpose is to discuss the historical background, issues of the fast food industry,
and the difference between organic and inorganic food. It also how it contributes
to the obesity and elaborate the bad side of the fast food. This paper will use
analysis, because items are arranged from least significant to most significant
part of the paper to help the reader understand it more easily. It is shown in this
paper that the fast food is has a huge effect in developing obesity among its
household. Fast food has a low nutritional value due to the effect of preservation.
In conclusion, fast food contributes to the increasing rate of the obesity around
the world. Obesity is caused by foods that contain high sugar, salt and fat.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
A. Overview
Fastfood or also known as Quick Service Restaurant or QSR is a term that
given to the food that can be prepared or served quickly. It is also the term refers
to the food that we can buy in restaurant or in a convenience store. The term
Fastfood

was

recognized

by

the

Merriam

Webster

in

1951

(Shrivastava,2013,211).
The fast food industry started in Kansas, USA in year 1921. It became
popular to American household due to low preparation time required. It is
characterized as quick easily accessible and cheap alternatives to home cooked
meals. Although the industry may provide cheap food, it is very unhealthy and
has serious health consequences when gone unchecked in individuals later in
their life. This is also a problem when corporate advertising targets children and
gets them hooked to the fast food culture and having them consume that fast
food from an early age, leading to a life filled with unhealthy eating practices
(Sidiga;Adeig,2010,8).
Fast-food chains have come under criticism over concerns ranging from
claimed negative health effects, alleged animal cruelty, and claims of cultural
degradation via shifts in people's eating patterns away from traditional foods
(Reuters,2014).
The intake of fast food is increasing worldwide. A study done in Jeddah
has shown that current fast food habits are related to the increase of overweight
and obesity among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.In 2014, the World Health
Organization published a study which claims that deregulated food markets are
largely to blame for the obesity crisis, and suggested tighter regulations to
reverse the trend. In America local governments are restricting fast food chains
by limiting the number of restaurants found in certain geographical areas
(Nixon,2015,490-496)

B. Research Aims
2

This paper aims to:


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

discuss the historical background of the fast food industry.


discuss the difference between organic and inorganic food.
explain how it contributes to obesity.
to elaborate the bad side of fast food.
discuss the issues about fast food.

C. Research Questions
The proponent aims to provide answers to the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Why does the fast food became popular to many household?


Why fast food is more cheaper than organic food?
How fast food contributes to the increasing rate of obesity?
Why fast food is bad for ones health?
What are the related issues about the fast food?

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHOD


This chapter shows the flow of the research and the methods used in
collecting necessary data.

A. Description of the method use


In this research paper, the method that is used is analysis. In this
pattern the most important part or the most specific part are found at the
end of the paper, while the least important and the general part are found
at the beginning of the paper. It helps the reader to understand first the
easiest part before going to a complex part.
In this pattern, items are arranged from least significant to most
significant part of the paper. The events, ideas, or plot points in an order
that starts out to a general part and at the end it will be more specific.
This method will help to understand my topic easily. In this topic
definitions and other terms must be presented well in the beginning, so
that it will help the reader to fully understand what the paper is all about.

Fast food Safety


B. Conceptual Framework

Background

Effects Issues
Safety Management

Preservation Method

History
Ethics in food safety
Safety Process Obesity

This framework shows how the topic is presented in the paper. It shows
the background, method, safety management, effect s and issues about the fast
food. It also shows that the obesity will be discussed both under the effects and
the issues for fast food. At the end, the study will provide enough information

CHAPTER 3: RELATED READINGS

about the fast food safety.

This chapter contains all the related work of the study written by the
experts of the field.

A. Background
Fast food or also known as Quick Service Restaurant or QSR is a term
that given to the food that can be prepared or served very quickly. It is also
the term refers to the food that we can buy in restaurants or convenience
stores. The term fast food was recognized by Merriam - Webster in 1951
(Shrivastava,2013,211).
The fast food industry started in Kansas, USA in year 1921, when a
small group of businessmen saw the opportunity to make a lot of money
by cutting the costs of production in restaurants. They did this by
introducing increased mechanization, which allowed them to hire low-

wage unskilled labor initially high school students and eventually anyone
desperate for work.
It became popular to American household due to low preparation time
required. It is characterized as quick easily accessible and cheap
alternatives to home cooked meals. Although the industry may provide
cheap food, it is very unhealthy and has serious health consequences
when gone unchecked in individuals later in their life. This is also a
problem when corporate advertising targets children and gets them
hooked to the fast food culture and having them consume that fast food
from an early age, leading to a life filled with unhealthy eating practices
(Washi,2010,8).

B. Preservation
Preservation means to slow down or to prevent the growth of bacteria,
yeast, fungi and other microorganism. It also include the process which
prevent visual deterioration that can occur during food preservation. It
involve process like preserving a fruit by making it into a jam
(Shrivastava,2013,Preface).
Shrivastava(2013,235) said, A process by which certain foods like
fruits and vegetables are prevented from getting spoil for a long period of
time. The color, taste and nutritive value of the food is also preserved.
Overall, the safety of the meat products can be determined with the
facilities where they are being produced. We can determine it if they have
a good equipment in cleaning and sanitation. Employees must be properly
trained, and must follow the standard operating procedure that is designed
by the HACCP. Since then, the need for consumer education in food

safety

and

proper

food

handling

should

not

be

ignored

(Motarjemi,2014,158).
Nutrient Composition can be affected if we preserved the food.
Vitamin composition and mineral retention is the one which can be
primarily be affected. It is affected by heat, pH, light, oxidation, water
solubility, and other applications.
Vitamins C is one of the most affected when it comes to preserving the
food, because it is highly suspectible to damage from heat, drying,
oxidation and simple tissue damage (Edelstein,2014,507-508).
Sugar has a huge role in preserving the food. It tenderizes food by
absorbing water, inhibiting gluten, it speeds the growth of the yeast by
acting as a food source, and also it prevents spoilage of food
(Edelstein,2014,447).
Food preservation has many different types. This type is applicable
in many different occasions like the vacuum packing is for the food that is
not yet ready to eat, and the canning and bottling is for the food who is
ready to eat. Below are some of the other methods of preservation.

Methods of food preservation:


a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

Drying
Freezing vacuum packing
Salting
Sugaring
Canning and bottling
Potting
Burial in the ground

C. Issues
Caesar Barber Controversy

Caesar Barber is an American man who sued the fast food chains
such as McDonalds, Burger King, Wendys and KFC for having made
him addicted to their food, that result of his overweight.
At the time he filed his suit, he is 57 years old and weighed 272
pounds. He is also medically obese and suffered from diabetes, and
had two heart attacks. He ate fast food four to five times per week.
After all, the lawsuit didnt ask any amount of money, and never
made it to the court (Shrivastava,2013,221-222).

Influence of Parents in Food

Fast food chains devote themselves or devote their effort for the
children. Young children does not purchase fast food to satisfy
themselves, rather parents purchase them so that they will be happy.
Parental behavoiur is a huge key factor in the increasing rate of
childhood obesity. Parents has a control whether they will promote a
healthy food consumption or they will promote unhealthy food
consumption. They can also influence children by their own eating
behaviour (Newman,2014,1578).
D. Effects
Food Craving
Fast food restaurant leads to food craving and food addiction. Food
craving means that a particular person is continuously desiring and
consuming the food that will satisfy their pleasure. It is the primary
source of increasing rate of obesity. The treatment of this disorder is
through taking the naltrexone and bupropion and coyritive
behavioural therapy (Potenza;Grilo,2014,1-5).

Obesity
Obesity is determined by the Body Mass Index (BMI) of a person. It
is also known as Quelets index, which is defined as weight in
kilograms is divided by height in meters squared. A person who is
above 18 years old with a BMI greater than or equal to 30kg/m2 is
classified as obese (Chou,2008,599&601).
According to Currie(2009,110) Childhood obesity is a major public
health issue and is presently receiving a great deal of attention due to
its broader economic consequences and long term effects on childrens
overall health, academic accomplishments, quality of life and
productivity as they become adults.
Advertisement of fast food restaurants plays a hige role in
expanding or developing of Obesity. Children who are exposed to this
advertisement has a huge probability to have a weight over than usual.
The person who is not aware of this consequences will be more likely
become an obese. Government must take a step in order to stop the
misinformation given to the people (Chou,2008,616).
There is some much interest and confusion about sugars of food.
Some of them are athletes, health professionals, nutritionist, food
technologist and most of all consumers. It is not surprising because the
note of the dietary sugar may play in diabetes, obesity, lactose
intolerance, dental caries, and athletic performance. It is important that
food professionals work so that they can have a general knowledge of
sugar composition (Wrolstad,2012,23).

E. Safety Management
Food Safety is a scientific discipline describing handling preparation,
and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness. It includes

number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe


health hazards (Shrivastava,2013,179).
Motarjemi(2014,1122-1123) claims that the proper ethics must be
tolerate when it comes to food safety. She said that if we did not follow it, it
may lead into food contamination that may be the cause of death of many
people. Ethics in food safety means we need to find competent and
properly trained people to do the production of food we eat.
There are 4 main elements when it comes to food safety
management
a. Government
-Implement laws and regulation
-Foresee all infrastructures and public health services
b. Industry
-Is the one who is responsible in ensuring the food are put in the
proper place
-Ensures the food are safe, and fit for human consumption
c. Consumers and the Informal Sector
-Reporting defective or unsafe products
-Observers of good hygiene practice in the food preparation
d. Academia
-Validated analytical methods, and gives relevant information on the
contamination of food
(Motarjemi,2014,3-11)
CAC believes that the notion of harm in food safety means that the
food will be suitable to every type of consumer; and it will be fit for human
consumption. The concept of preparation means that the food will be safe
if the packaging will be right for its intended use (Motarjemi,2014,3-4).

Initiatives in food safety:


a. GFSI(Global Food Safety Initiative)
- Establish the continuously improve food safety worldwide
b. HACCP
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-Universally recognized and accepted method for food safety


assurance
c. ISO 9001
-International Organization for Standardization
-Recognized internationally as the authoritative standard in its field
d.6Sigma
-Is a methodology aimed at reducing product and process variability
Principles in Food Safety:
a. Hygiene
-The practice of keeping yourself and your surroundings clean
b. Prevention and Risk Reduction
- The one principle that is generally understood to be the exclusive
domain of a single system HACCP
c. Consistency
-specifications of food are all equal
(Motarjemi,2014,540-547)
The end of 20th century marked by huge increase in the incidence
of food borne illness, outbreaks, and chemical hazards. There are a huge
number of food safety incidents. There are many factor that can affect this
trend, this include the industrialization of agricultural production, mass
production, food consumption pattern and food preparation practices
(Motarjemi,2014,2).

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CHAPTER 4: PROPOSITION
This chapter includes the proposition from experts of the field of this
research.
1. Fast food is a type of food prepared quickly.
It started in Kansas, USA in year 1921. It became popular to
American household due to low preparation time required. It is
characterized as quick, easily accessible and cheap alternatives to home
cooked meals.
2. Fast food contain very high in fat.
Fast food contains high fats, but this is a bad fats. We can see
some healthy fats in olive oil, which is usually used in home cooked
meals. These healthy fats are rarely found in fast food meals instead it
contains high saturated fats.
3. Fast food have a low nutritional value.
Fast food usually lacks in fiber, because fiber is most likely to be
found I unprocessed foods. It also lacks in vitamins and minerals, due to
the chemicals that are applied to them.
4. Preserving is the primary goal of fast food.
Preservation means to slow down or to prevent the growth of
bacteria, and other micro organism. It is a process by which a certain
foods are prevented fron getting spoil for a long period of time
(Shrivastava,2013,Preface)
5. Nutrient composition can be affected if we preserved food.

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Vitamin composition and mineral retention is the one which can be


prinarily affected by the decrease in the Nutrient Composition. It is affected
by many elements used in preserving food. Some vitamins like Vitamin C
dissolve in water easily that's why many fast foods are lacking in nutrients
(Edelstein,2014,507&508).

6. Fast food doesnt contain a balance nutrient.


Fast food doesnt meet the standards of fresh fruits and vegetables.
It doesnt meet our daily need of calories by just eating fast food alone.
We should accompany it with vegetables and fruits so that we can reaed
the required calories we need daily.

7. Fast food contains excessive fats sodium and calories.


Fast food contains saturated and trans fats. These fats can lead to
unhealthy cholesterol levels and other heart disease risk factors. It can
cause the high blood pressure and obesity due to the high amounts of salt
and sugar.

8. Excessive intake of fast food is bad.


Excessive intake of fast food can lead you to a serious problem like
obesity, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. This
disease are all life threathening thats why we need to avoid as much as
we can. There are alternatives and more nutritious fast food options
available but we need to do research to separate harmful to healthful.
9. Avoid excessive intake of salt.
Salt contributes much in childhood obesity. Salt triggers the
thirstiness of our body. To quench this thirst we usually reach for sugared
sodas than for water, which can lead to obesity or diabetes.

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10. Obesity is the primary effect of fast food.


Obesity is determined by Body Mass Index. It can lead to several
long term health conditions like pre mature death and illness including
diabetes, heart disease and stroke. Fast food contain a huge number of
fats and sugar which can trigger many types of life-threatening diseases
(Chou,2008,599&601).
11. Sugar Composition plays a big role in fast - food.
Almost all the fast food contain a high level of sugar. Sugar is one
of the primary preservatives that fast food have. It prevents spoilage of
food, and it tenderizes food by absorbing water on it (Wrolstad,2012,23).
12. Fast food provides cheap, but unhealthy food
Although it may provide cheap food, it is very unhealthy and has a
serious health consequences. Overtime, this can lead to an increased risk
for illness and disease (Washi,2010,8).
13. Organic food is grown without chemical or preservatives.
Organic foods are produced without using any chemical. Organic
food is a lot more healthy than fastfood, because it doesnt contain
preservatives that can diminish the nutrients in fast food. T is also more
safer and more healthier.

14. Home cooked meal is still the best.


Home cooked meal is much cheaper than the fastfood. It is
healthier also because in home cooked meals you can select fresh
ingredients and meats. It is also much safer because you are sure that
your food is clean and free of contaminants.
15. Eat a variety of foods every day.
14

Foods contain combinations of nutrients and healthful substances.


No single food can supply all nutrients in the amount you need. You can
achieve healthful eating pattern with many combinations of foods from the
five major food groups.
16. Fast food chains devote themselves for the children.
The primary target of the fast food restaurants are the childrens.
The advertisments of the fast food restaurants attracts children, to eat on
their fast food. The media is also promoting the increased of fast food
intake, non-healthful foods, and physical inactivity (newman,2014,1578).

17. Advertisement of fast food restaurant plays a huge role in


developing obesity.
Advertisements in televisions tend to attract household who is not
aware of the consequences of eating fast food. They let the households
crave on their advertisements which can lead to food craving and that can
cause an obesity. Children who are exposed to this advertisement has a
huge probability to have an overweight (Chou,2008,616).
18. Fast food restaurants lead to food craving and food addiction.
Food craving is the primary source of increasing rate of
obesity. Many menu in the fast food restaurants contain a
preservatives that can lead to food addiction. After their meals,
people tend to feel happy and satisfied, but later, their insulin level
crash, that's why they crave more of the same fat and sugar laden
foods (Potenza;Grilo,2014,1-5).

19. Proper Ethics must be tolerate when it comes to food safety.


15

Fast food safety is a scientific discipline describing on how


we handle the food or how we prepare it. It prevents food borne
illness. It usually takes a number of steps and protocol to ensure
that the food is safe (Shrivastava,2013,179).
20. Principles in food safety must be followed.
The first principle in food safety is hygiene. Hygiene is a
practice of keeping yourself, and your work place clean. The
second is consistency, it means that the specifications of food must
be balance and equal. And lastly prevention and risk reduction is to
ensure

that

the

food

is

free

from

contamination

(Motarjemi,2014,540-547).

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
This chapter summarizes all the findings and result conducted during the
research study.
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A. Summary of Findings
So, in conclusion, although fast food tastes good and eating it once
in a while is fine, eating fast food too frequently may result in health
problems such as obesity and diabetes. The problems caused by fast food
are mainly in the high sugar, salt and fat content in it. The amounts of
sugar, salt and fat are too much for the body to handle, and so cause
problems.
Fast food is part to blame for the increasing rate of obesity in the
world. Fast food dominates in the food industry allowing our society to
think it is okay to eat such unhealthy food. It became popular in household
due to its low preparation time required and low cost. Due to the
requirement of its preservation fast food contains foods that are high in
gluten, sodium, sugars, and fats. It contains only low nutritional value, due
to the need of preservation. It usually lacks in vitamins and minerals, due
to the chemicals that are applied to them. Consuming too much of fast
food can lead to obesity and cause other diseases which are damaging to
ones health.
Overall, the safety of the meat products can be determined with the
facilities where they are being produced. We can determine it if they have
a good equipment in cleaning and sanitation. Employees must be properly
trained, and must follow the standard operating procedure that is designed
by the HACCP.

B. Recommendations
After a diligent research, the proponent recommends that:
1. Don't eat fast food. However, this may cause a craving or wish to eat
fast food. That could lead to binge eating when the person cannot stop
themselves from eating it. Binge eating harms the body.
17

2. Eat once in a while. This solution has been tried and tested and it
works. Many people do this, however, if you do not realise that you are
eating it too frequently, there is still a chance of you getting health
problems.
3. Further research should be done by other researchers to show clearly
what the main causes of obesity are.
4. Further research should be done by other experts of this field to show
what are the most effective solution in preventing obesity.

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