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1.
2.
3.
e.
5.
IC
ERV
FRC
Vital capacity
TV
4.
Regular bronchioles are the most distal part of the respiratory tract to
contain glands.
Larynx do contain significant amounts of smooth muscle
Goblet cells are abundant in the small bronchi and respiratory
bronchioles
Regular bronchioles contain simple cuboidal cells
Elastic fibres are more abundant in the bronchi and bronchioles than
the upper respiratory tract.
6.
7.
8.
e.
11.
pO2 = 40mmHg
pCO2 = 48mmHg
PN2 = 620mmHg
O2 content = 150ml/L blood
CO2 content = 540ml/L blood
10.
9.
Decreased TPR
Increased cardiac output
Increased 2, 3 DPG in RBC
PaO2 will be decreased
O2 dissociation curve will be moved to right in peripheral capillaries
Increase [H+]
pCO2
Increase temperature
Carbon monoxide
e.
12.
13.
2, 3, DPG
14.
D
Vol Above
FRC
.5
A
-5
-10
Intrapleural Pressure
Cm H2O
ABCEA
ABCFA
AECFA
ABCDOA
OAFCDO
A man with normal lungs and arterial pCO2 of 40mmHg takes an overdose of
barbiturates, which half his ventilation but don't change his CO2 output. What
does his arterial pCO2 rise to?
a.
b.
50
60
c.
d.
e.
16.
17.
70
80
90
85mmHg
75mmHg
60mmHg
50mmHg
45mmHg
How much does the inspired O2 concentration have to be raised to abolish the
hypoxaemia?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5%
7%
10%
15%
20%
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1.
2.
nd
All of the following pairings are correct (assuming normal person at rest) EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Which of the following substances is activated by passage through the pulmonary circulation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis with partial renal compensation
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Mixed respiratory/metabolic alkalosis
7.
Decreased pH
Increased temperature
Carbon monoxide
Increased 2.3 DPG
Increased pCO2
6.
Bradykinin
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
Angiotensin 1
Vasopressin
All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
Lung fibrosis
Increased pulmonary venous pressure
Long period of time where the lung is unventilated
Emphysema
Alveolar oedema
8.
The Poiseulle equation denotes pressure volume characteristics for turbulent flow
The very small bronchioles are the major site of resistance to airflow
Decreased pCO2 in alveolar gas causes an increase in airway resistance
As lung volume reduces, airway resistance reduces also
Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle by stimulation of adrenergic receptors increases
airway resistance
Regarding control of ventilation
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
9.
Alveolar ventilation in a male with a respiratory rate of 10/min and tidal volume of 600 ml is
a.
b.
c.
1000ml
1750 ml
3000ml
d.
e.
4500ml
6000ml
10. At high altitudes all of the following things occur in an effort to acclimatise EXCEPT
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Hypoventilation
Polycythaemia
Increased numbers of capillaries per unit volume in peripheral tissues
O2 dissociation curve shifts to right
Pulmonary vasoconstriction
13. You are up very high where barometric pressure is 447 mmHg. What is the partial pressure of
oxygen in the air up there?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
0.5 mmHg
40 mmHg
80 mmHg
120 mmHg
150 mmHg
Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
E
B
D
C
B
D
C
D
D
A
C
E
C
14. B