ADVERB

WISNU ISTANTO

Objectives
Identify adverbs and the words they
modify.
Differentiate between the use of
adjectives and adverbs.
Recognize the importance of the
placement of adverbs.
Form the comparative and superlative
degrees of regular and irregular
adverbs.
continued
PP 13-1a

Objectives
Recognize and correct double
negatives and other incorrect uses of
negative
words.
Use special
adverbs correctly.

PP 13-1b

Adverb
An adverb answers these questions:
How? In what manner?
patiently, boldly, slowly, softly, enthusiastically
When?
recently, later, finally, daily, again, formerly
Where?
outside, here, down, forward, up, away
To what extent? To what degree?

extremely, very, too, rarely, completely,

frequently

PP 13-2

AdverbsModify Verbs
Place the adverb before or after the verb
that isbusinesses
modified.knowingly deceive
When
customers, they are violating ethical
standards.
Do not illegally copy paper or electronic
documents.

PP 13-3

AdverbsModify Adjectives

Place the adverb immediately before the

adjective.
The courtesy of greeting others within your
own firm is universally acceptable in the
United States.
In some countries, greetings are very
expressive and elaborate.
Downsizing is becoming an increasingly
popular way for businesses to lower
expenses.

PP 13-4

AdverbsModify Other Adverbs

Place the adverb immediately before the
adverb being modified.
We very precisely judged the commute time
to our new clients office.
Ruby did extremely well on the ethics
section of her real estate exam.

PP 13-5

Descriptive Adjectives
Before Nouns
Add ly to an adjective root to form the
majority of adverbs.
Adjective
cautious
extreme
perfect
skillful

Adverb
cautiously
extremely
perfectly
skillfully

PP 13-6

Noun Base Used to Form

Adjectives Ending in ly
Use root words to identify words ending
in ly as adjectives or adverbs.
Noun
brother
neighbor
earth
world
love

Adjective
brotherly
neighborly
earthly
worldly
lovely

PP 13-7

Adverbs Formed From

Adjectives Ending in y
Change the y to i and add ly to an
adjective ending in y to form an adverb.
Adjective
busy
easy
heavy
merry

Adverb
busily
easily
heavily
merrily

PP 13-8

Adverbs Formed From Adjectives

Ending in ible or able
Drop the final e on adjectives that end in
able or ible before adding the y to form
Adverb
theAdjective
adverb.
forcible
terrible
possible

forcibly
terribly
possibly

PP 13-9

Adverbs Formed From Adjectives

Ending in ic
Add ally to adjectives ending in ic to
form the adverb.
Adjective

chronic
logic
magic
scenic

Adverb

chronically
logically
magically
scenically

PP 13-10

AdverbsModify Adjectives
The following list includes some adverbs that
doagain
not end inmore
ly.
sometimes
almost
always
down
now
far
nowhere
fast
often
hard
once

much
near
there

soon
then
too

twice
up

PP 13-11

Do Not Hyphenate Adverbs

Ending in ly
Examples
a carelessly written memo
a richly deserved award
an internationally recognized sign
a highly successful business

PP 13-12

VerbsAction Versus Linking

Use an adverb to modify action verbs.
Tucker intentionally withheld confidential information.
The employee thoughtlessly made an inappropriate
comment to Julie.

Use an adjective, not an adverb, after a

linking verb to describe the subject.
The manager felt bad about the dependence on
temporary workers.
Karen seems distraught over the missing computer
disk.

PP 13-13

VerbsBoth Linking and Action

Clarify the intent of the sentence before
making a decision about such verbs as
look, taste, or feel.
Use adjectives
adverbs when
these
words
are
action
Use
when
these
words
function
words.
as
linking
verbs.
Things
looked
bad for Jerome after he lost his
job.
He hurriedly looked for the contract on his
desk.

PP 13-14

Adjectives and Adverbs

With the Same Form
Some adverbs and adjectives that have the
same form include fast, first, last, early,
Use
an adjective to modify a noun or
and
right.
Turn
left at the first stop sign.
pronoun.
Use an adverb to modify verbs,
adjectives, and other adverbs.
Return Andrews phone call first.

PP 13-15

One-Syllable Adverbs
Add er to the positive form for its
comparative degree.
Add
est to theComparative
positive form forSuperlative
its
Positive
superlative degree.

fast
late
soon

faster
later
sooner

fastest
latest
soonest

PP 13-16

Two-Syllable Adverbs
Add er or the word more or the word less
before the positive form for the
comparative degree.
Add est or the word most or the word
least for the Comparative
superlative degree.
Positive
Superlative
quickly
more quickly (quicker) most
quickly (quickest)
nearly
more nearly
most nearly

PP 13-17

Three-Syllable Adverbs
Add the word more or the word less before
the positive form to form its comparative
degree.
Add the word most or the word least
before
form to form
its
Positivethe positive
Comparative
Superlative
superlative degree.

efficiently
efficiently
dangerously
dangerously
Reliably
reliably

more efficiently

more dangerously
more reliably

most

most
most

PP 13-18

Irregular Adverbs
Use irregular comparisons for some
adverbs.
Positive

well
badly

Comparative

better
worse

Superlative

best
worst

PP 13-19

Absolute Adverbs
Some adverbs do not allow for
comparisons
no
now
past
basically
there
too

here
very

partly
annually

sometimes

We feel that we need more telephone lines

now.
Ethics concerns today are similar to those in
the past.

PP 13-20

Cautions for Using Not and Never

Use not in a negative statement.
Place not between the helping verb and the
main verb in a sentence.
Use never as a stronger word than not to
mean at no time.
Some employees do not treat all
customers
Being rudewith
to a respect.
customer is never
acceptable.
Refrain from using never if not will suffice.

PP 13-21

Cautions for Using Contractions

Use an apostrophe to take the place of the
missing letter or letters in such words as
He doesnt anticipate rewriting the code of
ethics for several years.
She
hasntdoesnt
missed cant
a day of isnt
work this year.
arent
wouldnt hasnt
dont

PP 13-22

Double Negatives
Double negatives are two negative words used
in a sentence. This combination gives the
clause a positive meaning rather than the
intended negative meaning.
Incorrect
I have not seen no evidence of employee
theft.
Correct
I have seen no evidence of employee theft.
I have not seen any evidence of employee
theft.

PP 13-23a

Double Negatives
Incorrect
I couldnt hardly believe that the computer was
missing.
Correct
I could hardly believe that the computer was missing.
I could not believe that the computer was missing.

Incorrect
I cant go nowhere until I help these customers.

Correct

I can go nowhere until I help these customers.

I cannot go anywhere until I help these customers.

PP 13-23b

Placement of Only
Place the adverb only immediately
before the word or group of words it
modifies.
Only
long-time employees can take
vacations during June.
Long-time employees can take vacations
only during June.

PP 13-24

Adverb Clauses
Use subordinating conjunctions such as
after, although, before, because, if,
unless, when, and while to introduce
dependent adverb clauses.
Place the adverb clause as closely as
possible to the words modified.

PP 13-25a

Adverb Clauses
Use commas after introductory adverb
clauses that precede independent
clauses. he broke no laws, his actions
Although
were
unethical.
Do
notstill
use
commas to set aside adverb
clauses that follow independent clauses.
Plan to arrive 10 minutes before the
meeting begins.
We will start the meeting after serving
refreshments.

PP 13-25b

Farther/Further (Adverbs)

Use farther to refer to physical

distance.
We traveled farther from the airport
than we anticipated to find our hotel.

Use further to mean additional or

additionally.
He explained further the reasons for
adjusting our work schedules.

PP 13-26

Good/Well
Use good as an adjective.
Making ethical choices is often more than
being
a good
person.
Use well
as an
adverb.
The new code of ethics has worked very
well
thean
past
year. in reference to
Useduring
well as
adjective

the state of someones health.

Although Anna was not well, she stayed at
work long enough to complete writing the
payroll checks.

PP 13-27

Most/Almost
Use almost as an adverb to mean nearly.
Use almost if the word nearly can be
substituted
Use most assatisfactorily.
a limiting adjective to modify a
noun. new supervisors have trouble with
Most

ethical
situations.
Use most
as the superlative degree in a
The
speaker
answered
the question
most
comparison.
Almost
all of us use
our yearly vacation
time.
effectively.

PP 13-28

Real/Really

Use real as a descriptive adjective to

mean genuine.
Do not use real to modify another
We
never knew the real reason for losing
adjective.
the Manila contract.

PP 13-29a

Real/Really
Use really as an adverb to mean
genuinely.
Substitute very for the word really to
determine if really is the correct word.

Cynthia is really supportive of our efforts

to improve customer satisfaction.

PP 13-29b

Sometime/Sometimes/Some Time
Use sometime as an adverb to mean at
some unscheduled time or in the
Sometime next week we are meeting to
future.
revise our customer service policy.

Use sometimes as an adverb to mean

on
some occasions.
We sometimes
waive late payment
charges.

PP 13-30a

Sometime/Sometimes/
Some Time
Use some time as a phrase in which the
adjective some modifies the noun time.
Some time designates an amount of
time.
The
revision of the ethics policy will take
some time.

PP 13-30b

Sure/Surely
Use sure as an adjective.
They thought a lock on the supply cabinet
was the sure solution for reducing theft.

Use surely as an adverb to mean

without
a
doubt.
Ellen surely makes an excellent
impression on customers.

PP 13-31