1 (a)

= [4, -2, 3]

= [5, 6, -1]

a . b

(scalar product of

and

b
) = [4, -2, 3].[5, -6, -1]

= (4x5)+(-2x6)+(3x-1)
= 20-12-3
=5

(b) Given, vector

= [5, 6, -1] = 5 + 6

x2 + y 2 + z 2

||x|| =

52+62 +(1)2

25+36+1

Unit vector =

[(|| ||) (|| ||) (|| ||)]

(c)

a . b

x
,
x

y
,
x

z
x

([ 562 ), ( 662 ) ,( 162 )]

= |a|.|b| cos

4 2+(2)2 +32

Here |a| =
|b| =

Cos =

62

52+62 +(1)2

a . b
|a|.|b| =

=
=

16+4 +9
25+36+1

29

=
=

[ ( 4 i2 j +3 k ) . ( 5i +6 jk ) ]
62 . 29

62

20123
29 . 62

Cos =

cos1

5
29 . 62

5
29 . 62

= 83.22

(d) let us consider a vector has x= 0 , y=1 and z=?

We also know that for a vectors to be perpendicular to each other,
their scalar product
has to be zero.
(4i-2j+3k).(xi+yj+zk) = 0
(4x0)+(-2)(1)+3(z)=0
0 -2 +3z =0
Z=

( 23 )

Hence the vector is [0,1,

( 23 )

2(a) Work done is a scalar product of force and displacement

Given, force

F = 3i 5j +2k

Displacement
Work done

= 5i-j+3k

F .

=(3x5)+(-5x-1)+(2x3)
= 15+5+6
= 26j

(b) For

= 3i-5j+2k

For

= 5i-j+3k

|F| =

32+(5)2+22

|F| =

9+25+ 4

|F| =

38

52+(1)2 +32
S

25+1+9
|S| = 35

For the angle =0

For some displacement, work done

|F|S cos

minimum force applied is

|F| =
|S|cos
=

26
35 cos 0

26
35

3 (a) given,

a = [-5, 8, 1] = -5i+8j+k

b
= [2,-7,-3] = 2i-7j-3k
a X b

=|I

|-5 8 1|
| 2 -7 -3|

k|
= -17i-13j+19k

it has to
Now, for this vector product to b perpendicular to a
satisfy.

(a X b)
. a

=0

(-17i-13j+19k).(-5i+8j+k) = 0

85-104+19 = 0
0=0

a .

Hence perpendicular to
Similarly

(a X b)
. b

=0

(-17i-13j+19k).(2i-7j-3k)=0
-34+91-57=0
0=0
Hence, perpendicular to

(b)

b
.

a = [-5, 8, 1]

b
= [2,-7,-3]
Let

c = [x,y,z]

Such that the condition which it satisfy

a .(b X c )

=0

|i
j
k|
(-5i+8j+k). |2 -7 -3| = 0
|x y
z|
(-5i+8j+k).[i(-7z+y)-j(2z+3x)+k(2y+7x)] = 0
35z 15y-16z-24x+2y+7x = 0
19z-13y-17x = 0
17x+13y-19z = 0
The value of x,y,z which satisfy above equation will give us vector C.
We can say that the vector

and

is independent vector, where as

are dependent
Vectors. Also as it satisfy a.(bXc) = 0, a is perpendicular to

( b X c )

given,

=[3,-62] = 3i-6j+2k

v
w

(a)

= [-1,6,5] = -i+6j+5k

v .
w [( 3 X 1 ) + (6 X 6 ) + ( 2 X 5 ) ]
=
|
w|
[ (1 )2 + ( 6 )2 + ( 5 )2 ]

w v

(b)

[ ( 3 ) + (6 ) +( 2 ) ]
2

w v

(d) Direction also depends on

v .

is perpendicular to

a b

a . b
|b|

is depending on

a b

then.

|a||b|cos 90
|b|

336+10
62

[ (1 X 3 ) + ( 6 X6 ) + ( 5 X 2 ) ]

v .
w
|v|

(c) Clearly the magnitude of

5(a) if

29
49

v .

Becomes zero.

=0

(b) It is not possible as long as vector has magnitude and is never equal to
zero.
But if the vector such as dug in is projected it is undefined.

(c)

a b

a . b
= |b|

a b= b a

only if |

Magnitude of

a b

coincident.
(d)

ac

b a

a ( b c )

b . a
|b|

b
=| a
must be equal, it must be in direction of

Only when

a c

As

in magnitude.

|a||c|
|c|

|b||c|
=
|c|

b c

|b| put |a|

|a||c|
b c
a c
=
|c| =

In place of

Also a( b c ) = a( a c )
=

6(a) if

a . b

a c

a . c

this is possible only when

a . b -

a . c

=0

a.( b c

b c

b c

are equal magnitude.

=0

=0

b =c

(b)

a X b

a X c

Two non collinear vectors gives one products another vetor must be
parallel to give same product, but not the plane is not same.

7(a) consider

= [x,y,z]

= [X2 Y2 Z2]
|i

a X b

k |

= |X1 Y1 Z1|

= (Y1Z2-Z1Y2)i (X1Z2-Z1X2)j +k(X1Y2-

Y1X2)
|X2 Y2 Z2|

b X a

= |i

k| = (Y2Z1-Y1Z2)i j(X2Z1-Z2X1)+k(Y1Z2-

X1Y2)
|X2 Y2 Z2|
|X1 Y1 Z1|

= -( a X b

8 (a)

a .(b X c )

(b) (a.b)X c

{x,y R}

= scalar
= vector product between a scalar and vector is not possible .

(c) (aXb)+(c.d) = addition between vector and scalar not possible .

(d) (a.b)+(c.d) = addition of two scales gives scalar.
(e) (aXb).(cXd) = scalar
(f)

X ( c X d )
(a X b)
= not possible

9 bearing of wind force- bearing of water force = 230-125

= 105

180-105 = 75
125-75 = 50
230+75 = 305
360-305 = 55
55+50 = 105

R2=win d 2+ wate r 22 ( wind ) ( water ) cos

2

R =2 +3 2 X ( 2 X 3 ) cos 75
R = 3.14N
Also, we know,

sin sin75
=
3
3.14
= 67.70

The post should 342.89 bearing with a force of 3.14N

10

250
20
=
sin130 sin
20 sin 30
250

Sin =

sin 1

20 X 0.766
250

1
sin ( 0.061 )

= 3.5
180-(130-3.5) = 46.48

250
x
=
sin30 sin 46.48
X = 236.67 km/h
(a) The bearing angle in the plane should be headings is 133.51

(b) We know, velocity (V) =

V=

distance ( d )
time ( t )

d
t

d
85
t= =
= 0.35h = 0.35X60 = 21min
v 236.67
Time taken will be around 21 min.