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Questions&AnswersETLevel1

Questions&Answers
ElectromagneticTesting(ET)Level123
byEdwardA.Ginzel*
Acknowledgement:
MaterialsResearchInstituteCanadaarethankedforpermissiontousetheir
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Level Question
[Ref]
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Eddycurrenttestingrequiresthatthematerialtestedbe
[ECM]
a)magnetic
b)nonmagnetic
c)conductive
d)bothbandc
AnoscillatorusedingeneratingtimevaryingcurrentinanECT
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[ECM]
instrumentusuallysuppliescurrentsatfrequenciesfrom
a)1Hzto20kHz
b)50Hzto60Hz
c)1kHzto2MHz
d)0.5MHzto4GHz
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Theeddycurrentprobeismostsimplya
[ECM]
a)coilofcopperwire
b)semiconductor
c)capacitor
d)ceramicresistor
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Criticaltotheprinciplesofeddycurrenttestingistheunderstandingthat [ECM]
a)allmaterialsconductelectricity
b)allcurrentflowhasassociatedwithitamagneticfield
c)onlyferroelectricmaterialsconducteddycurrents
d)copperwireisusedforallprobecoils
Themagnitudeofmagneticfluxdensityassociatedwithcurrentflowing
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inaconductorvarieswithpositionandcurrent.Magneticfluxdensityis [ECM]
thereforea(n)
a)vectorquantity
b)scalarquantity
c)squarewavequantity
d)unknownquantity
Themagneticfluxdensityassociatedwithacurrentcarryingconductor
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[ECM]
_________withincreasingdistancefromtheconductor.
a)increases
b)decreases
c)wobbles
d)remainsconstant
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TheWeber(Wb)istheunitof
a)magneticflux
b)magneticfluxdensity
c)eddycurrentintensity
d)theHalleffect
Whenamagneticfluxnearaconductoriscausedtochange(aswhena
magnetismovedpastacoil)theresultis
a)anincreasedresistanceinthecoilwire
b)andinducedvoltage
c)demagnetizationofthemagnet
d)phasereversal
AccordingtoOhm'sLaw,inanyelectricalcircuit,thevoltagedivided
bythecircuitimpedanceisequalto
a)magneticfluxdensity
b)capacitance
c)currentflow
d)phaseangle
WhenanalternatingvoltageinducesanEMF,theinducedEMFin
oppositiontothechangecausingit.Thisisastatementof
a)Faraday'sLaw
b)Lenz'sLaw
c)Snell'sLaw
d)Eddy'sLawofVoltage
Eddycurrentsaresonamedbecause
a)oftheCanadianmatchmanufacturerthatdiscoveredthem
b)ofthecircularprobesrequiredtoinducethem
c)oftheircircularpaths
d)smallswirlpatternsformonthesurfacedomainsandcrystalstructure
Adevicewhichstoreselectricalenergywithinaspecifiedvolumeis
a(n)
a)inductor
b)capacitor
c)conductor
d)resistor
Thefieldthatcouplesaneddycurrentprobeandatestpiececauses
eddycurrentstoflowby
a)resonance
b)induction
c)friction
d)theBernoullieffect
Theregionaroundamagnetwhereitsmagneticeffectscanbedetected
iscalledthe
a)nearzone
b)inductionzone
c)magneticfieldofforce

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[ECM]

[Burns]

[ECM]

[Burns]

[ECM]

[Ramshaw]

[ECM]

[Jacobowitz]

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d)electromagneticregionofinfluence
Inafixedmagneticfield,acompassneedlewouldarrangeitself
a)paralleltothelinesofforce
b)perpendiculartothelinesofforceintheplaneofthefield
c)perpendiculartothelinesofforceatrightanglestotheplaneofthe
field
d)45tothefieldlines
Thelocationwheremagneticlinesoffluxareconsideredtoleavea
magnetis
a)thenorthpoleofthatmagnet
b)thesouthpoleofthatmagnet
c)dependentonthepositionoftheearth'smagneticpole
d)calledDomainCentre
Thelocationwheremagneticlinesoffluxareconsideredtoentera
magnetis
a)thenorthpoleofthemagnet
b)thesouthpoleofthemagnet
c)dependentonthepositionofthesun
d)calleddomaincentre
Directcurrentcanbeusedtoinduceeddycurrentsif
a)thetestpieceismovedcyclicallynearthecurrentcarryingconductor
b)thecurrentcarryingconductorismovedcyclicallynearthetestpiece
c)eitheraorb
d)thediameteroftheconductorislessthan1/10thethicknessofthe
testpiece
Therateofflowofelectricchargedefines
a)voltage
b)coulomb
c)electriccurrent
d)impedance
1mAcanalsobewrittenas
a)0.01A
b)0.001A
c)100A
d)1000MA
Asamplewhichhasaverylowresistancewillalsohaveveryhigh
a)resistivity
b)conductivity
c)conductance
d)impedance
Comparedtoconductivewires,insulatorsareconsideredtohave
a)veryhighresistance
b)verylowresistance
c)aboutthesameresistance
d)highconductance

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[Jacobowitz]

[Jacobowitz]

[Jacobowitz]

[Handbook]

[Jacobowitz]

[Jacobowitz]

[Jacobowitz]

[Jacobowitz]

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Resistanceofaconductorisusuallygivenataspecifiedtemperature.
Correctionforresistanceatothertemperaturesisobtainedbyusing
a)liquidnitrogen
b)thetemperaturecoefficientofresistance
c)vacuumorbellchambers
d)matchingcircuits
Increasingthetemperatureofanaluminiumtestspecimenform20C.
to40C.willresultin___________specimenresistivity.
a)nochangeto
b)doubling
c)halving
d)aslightincreasein
Eddycurrentsarenormallyinducedinasamplesuchthattheyare
a)paralleltothecoilwindings
b)paralleltothesamplesurface
c)limitedtotheareaofinducingfield
d)alloftheabove
Decreaseineddycurrentflowwithincreasingdepthfromthesurfaceis
knownas
a)absorption
b)theHalleffect
c)theskineffect
d)theedgeeffect
Thepickup(receiver)coilofaneddycurrentprobeis
a)alwaysthesamecoilasthemagnetizingcoil
b)identicalindiametertothemagnetizingcoil
c)coincidentinpositiontothemagnetizingcoil
d)ofanysize,positionorevenconfiguration
Heatgenerationassociatedwitheddycurrenttestingofmagnetic
materialsisaresultof
a)dispersionanddiffraction
b)ohmicorresistivelosses
c)hysteresislosses
d)bothbandc
Whatisthedifferencebetweenelectriccurrentsandeddycurrentson
theatomiclevel?
a)thereisnodifference
b)directionofelectronflow
c)nomagneticfieldisassociatedwithelectriccurrent
d)eddycurrentsdonotoccurinsemiconductors
Currentflowingintheeddycurrenttransducerwouldbeconsidered
a)eddycurrent
b)magnetizingcurrents
c)backEMF
d)alloftheabove

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[Jacobowitz]

[ECM]

[ECM]

[ECM]

[Handbook]

[Handbook]

[Handbook]

[Handbook]

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Myresults...

References(NDTTestMakersoftware)
1.[Handbook]ASNTNondestructiveTestingHandbook,vol.four,ElectromagneticTesting,Second
Edition,ASNT,1986
2.[Jacobowitz]Jacobowitz,H.ElectricityMadeSimple,Doubleday&Company,1959
3.[Mix]Mix,P.E.,IntroductiontoNonDestuctiveTesting,JohnWiley&Sons,1987
4.[ECM]V.S.Cecco,G.vanDrunenandF.L.Sharp,EddyCurrentManualvol.1,ChalkRiverNuclear
Laboratories,1983
5.[Burns]D.M.Burns&S.G.G.MacDonaldPhysicsforBiologyandPremedicalStudents,Addison
WesleyPublishingCompany,1970
6.[Ramshaw]R.S.Ramshaw&R.G.vanHeeswajk,ElectromagneticFieldsandForcesUniversityof
Waterloo,StandfordEducationalPress,1979
7.[Blitz]J.Blitz,ElectricalandMagneticMethodsofNondestructiveTesting,AdamHilger,IOP
PublishingLtd.,1991
8.[Techniques]D.E.BrayandD.McBride,NondestructiveTestingTechniquesJohnWiley&Sons,
1992
9.[Gardner]W.E.Gardner,Editor,ImprovingtheEffectivenessandReliabilityofNondestructive
TestingPergamonPress,1992
10.[ASME]AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers,ASMESectionV,TheAmericanSocietyof
MechanicalEngineers,1992
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