Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

1. BJT has 3 semiconductor regions that is:

(a) Base lightly doped & thin
(b) Emitter heavily doped
(c) Collector moderately doped
2. BJT has 2 pn junction:
(a) NPN
(b) PNP
3. For transistor to operate properly as amplifier:
(a) The BE junction is forward biased
(b) The BC junction is reverse biased
4. Characteristic of curve:
(a) Saturation
From point A to point B, as Vcc increases, Vce increases and Ic
increases.
(b) Active
From point B to point C, the curve is level off and Ic become constant
even Vce continue to increases. This is because the BE junction
become forward bias and create a depletion region large enough to
offset the increase in Vce, thus Ic is constant.
(c) Breakdown
From point C to infinity, Ic start to increases very rapidly with any
increases in Vce.
5. Application:
(a) Amplifier
(b) Switch