ShayanFaisal

Mrs.Bennett
SBI3U1
June17,2016

PigLabConclusionQuestions

GoPigorGoHome!

1.Thethreeexternalphysicalstructuresthatidentifythatapigisamammalincludethehairon
thepapilla,themammalianglandssuchastheteatsbywhichtheyoungfeedandtheumbilical
cordtosignifythatitwasbornalive.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigthief?
A:Ahamburglar.
2.Essentially,thegestationperiodisthedurationinwhichafetusdevelops,itstartswith
fertilizationandendsatbirth.Typically,itis114120daysforfetalpigs.
Q:Howdopigswritetopsecretmessages?
A:Withinvisibleoink!
3.Maleandfemalepigsdonthavethesameamountofteats.Thisisbecausefemalesstill
developteatsaftersexualdifferentiation,whilemalesdont.Thereasonmaleshaveteatsinthe
firstplaceisduetothefactthatdevelopmentofmammaryglands(teats)inthepigembryo
occursbeforesexualdifferentiationdoes(theYchromosomekickingin),sobothsexeswillbe
bornwiththesemammaryglands.

Q:WhatdoyougetwhenyouplayTugofWarwithapig?
A:PulledPork
4.The
deciduousteeth
arethebabyormilkteeth.Theyarethefirstsetofteethonmammalsand
developduringtheembryonicstageofdevelopment.Theseareusuallyreplacedbypermanent
teeth.
Q:Whatisapig'sfavoritecolor?
A:Mahogany!
5.Thestomachrequiressalivaryamylase,bicarbonate,andantibacterialagents,becausethe
stomachdoesntactuallyhaveanyenzymestobreakdownthecarb,itonlysecretesgastricjuices
whichbreakdownproteinswithpepsin,andlipidswithgastriclipase.Thesalivaryamylasedoes
thebreakdownofglycogenandstarchmolecules.Thebicarbonatebuffersacidsinfoodsand
neutralizethepH.Furthermore,antibacterialagentsallowsomebacteriastoliveinthestomach
thatcansurviveacidity.
Q:Whatdoyougetwhenyoucrossafrogandapig?
A:AlifetimebanfromtheMuppetShowstudio.
6.Theexternaltextureofthetracheaisroughandbumpyduetothetrachealcartilaginousrings.
ThecartilaginousringsareCShapedandtheirpurposeistopreventthetracheafromcollapsing
duringabsenceofairandalsotoprotectitandgiveitstrengthandsupport.
Q:WhatdoBadPiggiesliketodo?
A:Squealthespotlight.

7.Thepigwilltakeuseitslungsatthemomentofbirth,asoxygenwillbeavailable.Theblood
willcirculateandthus,thebloodwillnolongerpassesthroughtheumbilicalcord.Thiscauses
thebloodvesselstoconstrict,eventuallydryup,andtheumbilicalcordtodeteriorate/falloff.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigwithnolegs?
A:Agroundhog.
8.Themeasuredlengthincentimetersforthetotalintestinesofthefetalpigis167cm
(140+27cm).Thereasonwhythesmallintestineissolongcomparedtootherorgansofthepig
bodyisthatthesmallintestinedoesmajorityoftheabsorptionofthefoodandthefactthatitis
longergivesfoodplentyoftimetobebrokendown.Additionally,itmaximizestheareaofinner
liningthatfoodpassesandtheabsorptionofnutrients.The
villi
iswhatincreasesthesurfacearea
fortheabsorption.
Q:Whywasthepigejectedfromthefootballgame?
A:Forplayingdirty.
9.Thepurposeoflargebloodvesselsinthetissuesconnectingthesmallintestinestogetheristo
carryoxygenatedbloodtosupportthetissuesoftheintestinesandcarrynutrientrichvenous
bloodawayfromtheintestinestofeedthetissuesofthebody,suchastheliver.Thentheliver
willprocessthenutrients,carbohydrateswillbebuiltintoglycogen,aminoacidswillbebuilt
intowhateverproteinisneeded,fattyacidsandglycerolwillbebuiltintolipids.
Q:Whydidthepigcrosstheroad?
A:HegotBOARed.
10.Humansdevelopinguinalherniaandpigsandotherquadrupedsdontisbasedontheir
structures.Humansarebipedalandduetothehumanspositiongravityisconstantlyforcingthe

intestinesdownwards,andtowardsthespleen.Thequadrupedalpigisunaffected,astheir
spleensliehorizontaltotheirintestines,andthegravitationalpulldoesnotcausetheintestinesto
movetowardsthespleen,resultinginnoinguinalhernias.
Q:Whoisthesmartestpigintheworld?
A:Einswine
11.Thefunctionoftheliverisresponsibletofiltertoxinsfromtheblood,andproducebileto
breakdownfats.Itissolargeduetoitsnecessitytoproduceredandwhitebloodcells,aswellas
othercomponentsofthefetalblood.
Q:Howdoyoutakeasickpigtothehospital?
A:Inanhambulance!
12.Pigshavemonogastricdigestivesystem.Thismeansthattheyhaveasimple
singlechamberedstomach,comparedwitharuminantorganism,likeacow,goat,orsheep,
whichhasafourchamberedcomplexstomach.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigthatdrivesrecklessly?
A:Aroadhog.
13.Thepurposeofthepigsuterinehornsistoattachtheovariestotheuterus.Inpigs,thefetus
developsintheuterinehornsinsteadoftheuterusbody,whichallowsformorefetusestobeborn
atonce.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigwithlaryngitis?

A:Disgruntled.
14.The
ForamenOvale
ispresenttoallowforthebloodcirculationtonotrequirethelungs,as
theyareinactivebeforebirth.
Q:Whatdopigsgetwhenthey'reill?
A:Oinkment!
15.Ifthe
ForamenOvale
weretofailtoclose,bloodcouldtravelfromtherightsideoftheheart
totheleft(throughtheatria),makingitathreechamberheart.Ifthebloodpassingthrough
containedaclot,itcouldtraveltothebrainandcauseastroke,orintoacoronaryarteryand
causeaheartattack.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigthatdoeskarate?
A:Porkchop!
16.TheAVvalvesintheheartareconnectedtomusclesandtendonsandaretheretoassurethat
theydontleakorturnupsidedown.ToensurethattheAVvalvesdonotevert,theyareattached
tosmallpapillarymusclesbytoughtendonscalledthecordaetendineae.Papillarymuscle
contractinsynchronywiththeventricles,thusmaintainingconstanttensiononthevalveleaflets.
Bloodispushedagainsttheclosedatrioventricularvalves,whichpreventsbackflowtotheheart.
Thetendonsandmusclespreventthevalvesfrombeingreversedandallowingbloodtopass
backwardsintotheatria.
Q:Whatdoyougetwhenyoucrossapigandacactus?

A:aporkypine
17.Theadvantageofhavingafourchamberheartcomparedtoanorganismwithfewer
chambersisthatitallowsforseparatesystemicandpulmonarycirculation.Thisallowsfor
deoxygenatedbloodandoxygenatedbloodtobekeptseparately,anditismoreadvantageous
thanafewerchamberedheart,wherethedeoxygenatedandoxygenatedbloodaremixed,causing
lessoxygentoreachthebody.Aswell,thefourchamberedheartmaximizesbloodpressure
whichforcesbloodthroughthecapillariesquickly.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigthatwonthelottery?
A:Filthyrich!
18.Fetalhemoglobinisdifferentfromadulthemoglobinasitisbetterforbindingwithoxygen.
Whereadulthemoglobiniscomposedoftwoalphaandtwobetasubunits,fetalhemoglobinis
composedoftwoalphaandtwogammasubunits.
Q:WhichmagazinedoestheBigBadWolfliketoread?
A:"PorksIllustrated!"
19.Thefunctionsofthefollowingarelistedbelow:
ThymusGland:
Thisislocatedatthebottomofthetrachea.Itskeyfunctionistoisto
makeandhandlelymphocytesorTcells.
ThyroidGland:
Thisislocatedonthefrontpartofthetrachea,andbelowthevoicebox.
Thethyroidglandisavitallyimportanthormonalglandthatplaysanessentialrolein

metabolism,growthandmaturationofthehumanbody.Itconstantlyreleasesacertainamountof
hormonesintotheblood.Furthermore,itreleases3hormonestriiodothyronineorT3,thyroxine,
orT4andcalcitonin.
Spleen:
ThefunctionoftheSpleenistoactasafilterforpurifyingtheblood,removing
microbesandwornoutordamagedredbloodcells.Itisalsoanimportantorganintheimmune
system,producingthewhitebloodcellsthatfightinfectionandsynthesizeantibodies.
20.The2otherfunctionsofkidneybesidesremovingmetabolicwastefromthebloodarewater
levelbalancingsuchaswaterintakedecreases,thekidneysadjustaccordinglyandleavewaterin
thebodyinsteadofhelpingexcrete.Additionally,thekidneysregulatebloodpressurethe
kidneysincreasethepressurebyproducingabloodvesselconstrictingprotein(angiotensin)that
alsosignalsthebodytoretainsodiumandwater.Boththeconstrictionandretentionhelprestore
normalblood.
Q:Whatdoyoucallapigwitharash?
A:HamandEczema
21.Substancespresentinnormalurineincludeabout95%water,aswellasurea,sodium,
chloride,potassium,creatinine,anduricacid.Thesolutesinurineincludeions,organic
compounds,andinorganiccompounds.
Q:Whydidittakethepighourstocrosstheroad?
A:Becausehewasaslowpork!

22.Dialysisisaprocessforremovingwasteandexcesswaterfromtheblood,andisused
primarilyasanartificialreplacementforlostkidneyfunctioninpeoplewithrenalfailure.
Essentially,thepurposeofdialysisistoremoveurinefromthebodyasthekidneyhavebeen
damaged,withtheuseofmachines.Thefirststepofdialysisistoinspecttheseriousnessofthe
patient,ifitisveryseriousthenthereisaCVCprocessinwhichthebloodisfilteredthroughthe
heartbytubesthatconnectrightintoit.Butingenericcases,theyusefistulaneedles.These
needlesareinsertedintotheveinsandarteriesoftheupperforearm.Then10mlsyringeswith
salineisinsertedtocleanthebloodtubelineandthenthetubesareconnectedintothedialyzer,
whichfiltersthebloodandremovesurineandtoxicwasteoveraperiodof3hours,dependingon
thecondition.Thepatientsareexpectedtocomeonceperweekbutmayvarybasedoncondition.
Q:Wheredopigsgettogether?
A:Themeetmarket.
23.a)Ibelievethathumansandpigsaremostsimilarintheplacementoftheinternalorgansand
musclestructure.Theinternalorganorderisthesameinthethoraxandabdomen,andquite
similarintherestofthebody,withfewminordifferences.Inbasicallyallinstances,pigshave
thesamemuscleshumansdoforthesamefunctions,withafewexceptions.
b)Ibelievethathumansandpigsaredifferentintheurogenitalsystemanatomy,andthefactthat
humansarebipedal.Thepighasabicornuateuterus(wherehumanshaveasimplexuterus),
whichmeansthattwouterinehornsareattachedtothemainuterusbody.(Thefetusisdeveloped
inthesehornsinsteadoftheuterusbody,whichallowsforthebirthoflitters.)Humansandpigs
arealsodifferentduetothefactthathumansutilizebipedalismtheabilitytowalkforlong

distancesontwolegs,notfourwhichresultsindifferentlymusclestructureinpigs,although
stillsimilar.Bipedalismhasmanyadvantagessuchasheight,usinglessofyourbodyto
completeatask,leavingarmsfree,andincreasedagility.
Q:WherecanapigseethestatueofLiberty?
A:Newporkcity.