Aluminium Alloy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

2/19/2016
AluminiumalloyWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Aluminiumalloy
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Aluminiumalloys(oraluminumalloysseespellingdifferences)arealloysin
whichaluminium(Al)isthepredominantmetal.Thetypicalalloyingelements
arecopper,magnesium,manganese,silicon,tinandzinc.Therearetwoprincipal
classifications,namelycastingalloysandwroughtalloys,bothofwhichare
furthersubdividedintothecategoriesheattreatableandnonheattreatable.
About85%ofaluminiumisusedforwroughtproducts,forexamplerolledplate,
foilsandextrusions.Castaluminiumalloysyieldcosteffectiveproductsdueto
thelowmeltingpoint,althoughtheygenerallyhavelowertensilestrengthsthan
wroughtalloys.ThemostimportantcastaluminiumalloysystemisAlSi,where
thehighlevelsofsilicon(4.013%)contributetogivegoodcasting
characteristics.Aluminiumalloysarewidelyusedinengineeringstructuresand
componentswherelightweightorcorrosionresistanceisrequired.[1]
Aluminiumalloybicyclewheel.
1960sBootieFoldingCycle
Alloyscomposedmostlyofaluminiumhavebeenveryimportantinaerospacemanufacturingsincetheintroductionof
metalskinnedaircraft.Aluminiummagnesiumalloysarebothlighterthanotheraluminiumalloysandmuchless
flammablethanalloysthatcontainaveryhighpercentageofmagnesium.[2]
Aluminiumalloysurfaceswilldevelopawhite,protectivelayerofaluminiumoxideifleftunprotectedbyanodizing
and/orcorrectpaintingprocedures.Inawetenvironment,galvaniccorrosioncanoccurwhenanaluminiumalloyis
placedinelectricalcontactwithothermetalswithmorepositivecorrosionpotentialsthanaluminium,andanelectrolyte
ispresentthatallowsionexchange.Referredtoasdissimilarmetalcorrosion,thisprocesscanoccurasexfoliationoras
intergranularcorrosion.Aluminiumalloyscanbeimproperlyheattreated.Thiscausesinternalelementseparation,and
themetalthencorrodesfromtheinsideout.Aircraftmechanicsdealdailywithaluminiumalloycorrosion.
AluminiumalloycompositionsareregisteredwithTheAluminumAssociation.Manyorganizationspublishmore
specificstandardsforthemanufactureofaluminiumalloy,includingtheSocietyofAutomotiveEngineersstandards
organization,specificallyitsaerospacestandardssubgroups,[3]andASTMInternational.
Contents
1 Engineeringuseandaluminiumalloysproperties.
1.1 Overview
1.2 Aluminiumalloysversustypesofsteel
1.3 Heatsensitivityconsiderations
1.4 Householdwiring
2 Alloydesignations
2.1 Temperdesignation
2.2 Wroughtalloys
2.3 Castalloys
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy
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2.4 Namedalloys
3 Applications
3.1 Aerospacealloys
3.1.1 Scandiumaluminium
3.1.2 Listofaerospacealuminiumalloys
3.2 Marinealloys
3.3 Cyclingalloys
3.4 Automotivealloys
3.5 Airandgascylinders
4 Seealso
5 References
6 Externallinks
Engineeringuseandaluminiumalloysproperties.
Overview
Aluminiumalloyswithawiderangeofpropertiesareusedinengineeringstructures.Alloysystemsareclassifiedbya
numbersystem(ANSI)orbynamesindicatingtheirmainalloyingconstituents(DINandISO).Selectingtherightalloy
foragivenapplicationentailsconsiderationsofitstensilestrength,density,ductility,formability,workability,
weldability,andcorrosionresistance,tonameafew.Abriefhistoricaloverviewofalloysandmanufacturing
technologiesisgiveninRef.[4]Aluminiumalloysareusedextensivelyinaircraftduetotheirhighstrengthtoweight
ratio.Ontheotherhand,purealuminiummetalismuchtoosoftforsuchuses,anditdoesnothavethehightensile
strengththatisneededforairplanesandhelicopters.
Aluminiumalloysversustypesofsteel
Aluminiumalloystypicallyhaveanelasticmodulusofabout70GPa,whichisaboutonethirdoftheelasticmodulusof
mostkindsofsteelandsteelalloys.Therefore,foragivenload,acomponentorunitmadeofanaluminiumalloywill
experienceagreaterdeformationintheelasticregimethanasteelpartofidenticalsizeandshape.Thoughthereare
aluminiumalloyswithsomewhathighertensilestrengthsthanthecommonlyusedkindsofsteel,simplyreplacinga
steelpartwithanaluminiumalloymightleadtoproblems.
Withcompletelynewmetalproducts,thedesignchoicesareoftengovernedbythechoiceofmanufacturingtechnology.
Extrusionsareparticularlyimportantinthisregard,owingtotheeasewithwhichaluminiumalloys,particularlytheAl
MgSiseries,canbeextrudedtoformcomplexprofiles.
Ingeneral,stifferandlighterdesignscanbeachievedwithaluminiumalloysthanisfeasiblewithsteels.Forinstance,
considerthebendingofathinwalledtube:thesecondmomentofareaisinverselyrelatedtothestressinthetubewall,
i.e.stressesarelowerforlargervalues.Thesecondmomentofareaisproportionaltothecubeoftheradiustimesthe
wallthickness,thusincreasingtheradius(andweight)by26%willleadtoahalvingofthewallstress.Forthisreason,
bicycleframesmadeofaluminiumalloysmakeuseoflargertubediametersthansteelortitaniuminordertoyieldthe
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desiredstiffnessandstrength.Inautomotiveengineering,carsmadeofaluminiumalloysemployspaceframesmadeof
extrudedprofilestoensurerigidity.Thisrepresentsaradicalchangefromthecommonapproachforcurrentsteelcar
design,whichdependonthebodyshellsforstiffness,knownasunibodydesign.
Aluminiumalloysarewidelyusedinautomotiveengines,particularlyincylinderblocksandcrankcasesduetothe
weightsavingsthatarepossible.Sincealuminiumalloysaresusceptibletowarpingatelevatedtemperatures,thecooling
systemofsuchenginesiscritical.Manufacturingtechniquesandmetallurgicaladvancementshavealsobeen
instrumentalforthesuccessfulapplicationinautomotiveengines.Inthe1960s,thealuminiumcylinderheadsofthe
Corvairearnedareputationforfailureandstrippingofthreads,whichisnotseenincurrentaluminiumcylinderheads.
Animportantstructurallimitationofaluminiumalloysistheirlowerfatiguestrengthcomparedtosteel.Incontrolled
laboratoryconditions,steelsdisplayafatiguelimit,whichisthestressamplitudebelowwhichnofailuresoccurthe
metaldoesnotcontinuetoweakenwithextendedstresscycles.Aluminiumalloysdonothavethislowerfatiguelimit
andwillcontinuetoweakenwithcontinuedstresscycles.Aluminiumalloysarethereforesparselyusedinpartsthat
requirehighfatiguestrengthinthehighcycleregime(morethan107stresscycles).
Heatsensitivityconsiderations
Often,themetal'ssensitivitytoheatmustalsobeconsidered.Evenarelativelyroutineworkshopprocedureinvolving
heatingiscomplicatedbythefactthataluminium,unlikesteel,willmeltwithoutfirstglowingred.Formingoperations
whereablowtorchisusedcanreverseorremoveheattreating,thereforeisnotadvisedwhatsoever.Novisualsigns
revealhowthematerialisinternallydamaged.Muchlikeweldingheattreated,highstrengthlinkchain,allstrengthis
nowlostbyheatofthetorch.Thechainisdangerousandmustbediscarded.
Aluminiumissubjecttointernalstressesandstrains.Sometimesyearslater,asisthetendencyofimproperlywelded
aluminiumbicycleframestograduallytwistoutofalignmentfromthestressesoftheweldingprocess.Thus,the
aerospaceindustryavoidsheataltogetherbyjoiningpartswithrivetsoflikemetalcomposition,otherfasteners,or
adhesives.
Stressesinoverheatedaluminiumcanberelievedbyheattreatingthepartsinanovenandgraduallycoolingitineffect
annealingthestresses.Yetthesepartsmaystillbecomedistorted,sothatheattreatingofweldedbicycleframes,for
instance,canresultinasignificantfractionbecomingmisaligned.Ifthemisalignmentisnottoosevere,thecooledparts
maybebentintoalignment.Ofcourse,iftheframeisproperlydesignedforrigidity(seeabove),thatbendingwill
requireenormousforce.
Aluminium'sintolerancetohightemperatureshasnotprecludeditsuseinrocketryevenforuseinconstructing
combustionchamberswheregasescanreach3500K.TheAgenaupperstageengineusedaregenerativelycooled
aluminiumdesignforsomepartsofthenozzle,includingthethermallycriticalthroatregioninfacttheextremelyhigh
thermalconductivityofaluminiumpreventedthethroatfromreachingthemeltingpointevenundermassiveheatflux,
resultinginareliable,lightweightcomponent.
Householdwiring
Becauseofitshighconductivityandrelativelylowpricecomparedwithcopperinthe1960s,aluminiumwasintroduced
atthattimeforhouseholdelectricalwiringinNorthAmerica,eventhoughmanyfixtureshadnotbeendesignedto
acceptaluminiumwire.Butthenewusebroughtsomeproblems:
Thegreatercoefficientofthermalexpansionofaluminiumcausesthewiretoexpandandcontractrelativetothe
dissimilarmetalscrewconnection,eventuallylooseningtheconnection.
Purealuminiumhasatendencytocreepundersteadysustainedpressure(toagreaterdegreeasthetemperature
rises),againlooseningtheconnection.
Galvaniccorrosionfromthedissimilarmetalsincreasestheelectricalresistanceoftheconnection.
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Allofthisresultedinoverheatedandlooseconnections,andthisinturnresultedinsomefires.Buildersthenbecame
waryofusingthewire,andmanyjurisdictionsoutlaweditsuseinverysmallsizes,innewconstruction.Yetnewer
fixtureseventuallywereintroducedwithconnectionsdesignedtoavoidlooseningandoverheating.Atfirsttheywere
marked"Al/Cu",buttheynowbeara"CO/ALR"coding.
Anotherwaytoforestalltheheatingproblemistocrimpthealuminiumwiretoashort"pigtail"ofcopperwire.A
properlydonehighpressurecrimpbythepropertoolistightenoughtoreduceanythermalexpansionofthealuminium.
Today,newalloys,designs,andmethodsareusedforaluminiumwiringincombinationwithaluminiumterminations.
Alloydesignations
Wroughtandcastaluminiumalloysusedifferentidentificationsystems.Wroughtaluminiumisidentifiedwithafour
digitnumberwhichidentifiesthealloyingelements.
Castaluminiumalloysuseafourtofivedigitnumberwithadecimalpoint.Thedigitinthehundredsplaceindicatesthe
alloyingelements,whilethedigitafterthedecimalpointindicatestheform(castshapeoringot).
Temperdesignation
Thetemperdesignationfollowsthecastorwroughtdesignationnumberwithadash,aletter,andpotentiallyaoneto
threedigitnumber,e.g.6061T6.Thedefinitionsforthetempersare:[5][6]
F
Asfabricated
H
Strainhardened(coldworked)withorwithoutthermaltreatment
H1
Strainhardenedwithoutthermaltreatment
H2
Strainhardenedandpartiallyannealed
H3
Strainhardenedandstabilizedbylowtemperatureheating
Seconddigit
Aseconddigitdenotesthedegreeofhardness
HX2=1/4hard
HX4=1/2hard
HX6=3/4hard
HX8=fullhard
HX9=extrahard
O
Fullsoft(annealed)
T
Heattreatedtoproducestabletempers
T1
Cooledfromhotworkingandnaturallyaged(atroomtemperature)
T2
Cooledfromhotworking,coldworked,andnaturallyaged
T3
Solutionheattreatedandcoldworked
T4
Solutionheattreatedandnaturallyaged
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T5
Cooledfromhotworkingandartificiallyaged(atelevatedtemperature)
T51
Stressrelievedbystretching
T510
Nofurtherstraighteningafterstretching
T511
Minorstraighteningafterstretching
T52
Stressrelievedbythermaltreatment
T6
Solutionheattreatedandartificiallyaged
T7
Solutionheattreatedandstabilized
T8
Solutionheattreated,coldworked,andartificiallyaged
T9
Solutionheattreated,artificiallyaged,andcoldworked
T10
Cooledfromhotworking,coldworked,andartificiallyaged
W
Solutionheattreatedonly
Note:Wisarelativelysoftintermediarydesignationthatappliesafterheattreatandbeforeagingiscompleted.TheW
conditioncanbeextendedatextremelylowtemperaturesbutnotindefinitelyanddependingonthematerialwill
typicallylastnolongerthan15minutesatambienttemperatures.
Wroughtalloys
TheInternationalAlloyDesignationSystemisthemostwidelyacceptednamingschemeforwroughtalloys.Eachalloy
isgivenafourdigitnumber,wherethefirstdigitindicatesthemajoralloyingelements.
1000seriesareessentiallypurealuminiumwithaminimum99%aluminiumcontentbyweightandcanbework
hardened.
2000seriesarealloyedwithcopper,canbeprecipitationhardenedtostrengthscomparabletosteel.Formerly
referredtoasduralumin,theywereoncethemostcommonaerospacealloys,butweresusceptibletostress
corrosioncrackingandareincreasinglyreplacedby7000seriesinnewdesigns.
3000seriesarealloyedwithmanganese,andcanbeworkhardened.
4000seriesarealloyedwithsilicon.Theyarealsoknownassilumin.
5000seriesarealloyedwithmagnesium.
6000seriesarealloyedwithmagnesiumandsilicon.Theyareeasytomachine,areweldable,andcanbe
precipitationhardened,butnottothehighstrengthsthat2000and7000canreach.6061alloyisoneofthemost
commonlyusedgeneralpurposealuminiumalloys.
7000seriesarealloyedwithzinc,andcanbeprecipitationhardenedtothehigheststrengthsofanyaluminium
alloy(tensilestrengthupto700MPaforthe7068alloy).
8000seriesarealloyedwithotherelementswhicharenotcoveredbyotherseries.Aluminiumlithiumalloysare
anexample[7]
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Wroughtaluminiumalloycompositionlimits(%weight)
Alloy
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
Cr
Zn
1050[8] 0.25 0.40 0.05 0.05 0.05
Ti
Bi
Ga
0.05
Pb
Zr
Limits
Each Total
Al
0.03
99.5min
1060
0.25 0.35 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
99.6min
1100
0.95Si+Fe
0.05
0.05
0.20
0.10
1199[8] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.006
0.006 0.005 0.002
0.005
0.05 0.15
99.0min
0.002
99.99min
2014
0.50
0.7
1.2
3.9 0.40 0.20

0.10 0.25
5.0 1.2 0.8
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
2024
0.50 0.50
3.8 0.30 1.2

0.10 0.25
4.9 0.9 1.8
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
2219
0.2
0.30
5.8 0.20
0.02
6.8 0.40
0.10
0.10
0.05 0.15
0.25
remainder
3003
0.6
0.7
0.05 1.0
0.20 1.5
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
3004
0.30 0.7
0.25
1.0 0.8
1.5 1.3
0.25
0.05 0.15
remainder
3102
0.40 0.7
0.10
0.05
0.40
0.30
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
4041
4.5
0.80 0.30 0.05 0.05
6.0
0.10
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
5005
0.3
0.25
0.05 0.15
remainder
5052
0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10
2.2 0.15
0.10
2.8 0.35
0.05 0.15
remainder
5083
0.40 0.40 0.10
0.40 4.0 0.05

0.25
1.0 4.9 0.25
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
5086
0.40 0.50 0.10
0.20 3.5 0.05

0.25
0.7 4.5 0.25
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
5154
0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10
3.10 0.15
0.20
3.90 0.35
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
5356
0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10
4.50 0.05
0.10
5.50 0.20
0.06
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
5454
0.25 0.40 0.10
0.50 2.4 0.05

0.25
1.0 3.0 0.20
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
5456
0.25 0.40 0.10
0.50 4.7 0.05

0.25
1.0 5.5 0.20
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
5754
0.40 0.40 0.10 0.50
2.6
0.30 0.20
3.6
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
6005
0.6
0.40
0.35 0.10 0.10
0.10 0.10
0.9
0.6
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
0.50
0.40
6005A 0.9 0.35 0.30 0.50 0.7 0.30 0.20
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
0.30 0.10
0.35
0.10 0.10
0.05 0.15
0.6 0.30
0.6
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
6060
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.05 0.02
0.15 0.10
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6061
0.40 0.7
0.8
0.15 0.15 0.8 0.04 0.25

0.40
1.2 0.35
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
6063
0.20
0.45
0.35 0.10 0.10
0.10 0.10
0.6
0.9
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
6066
0.9
0.7 0.6 0.8
0.50
0.40 0.25
1.8
1.2 1.1 1.4
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
6070
1.0
0.15 0.40 0.50
0.50
0.10 0.25
1.7
0.40 1.0 1.2
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
6082
0.7
0.40 0.60
0.50 0.10
0.25 0.20
1.3
1.0 1.2
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
6105
0.6
0.45
0.35 0.10 0.10
0.10 0.10
1.0
0.8
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
6162
0.40
0.7
0.50 0.20 0.10
0.10 0.25
0.8
1.1
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
6262
0.40
0.7
0.8
0.15
0.05 0.15
remainder
6351
0.7
0.40 0.40
0.50 0.10
1.3
0.8 0.8
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
6463
0.20
0.45
0.15 0.20 0.05
0.6
0.9
0.05
0.05 0.15
remainder
7005
0.35 0.40 0.10
0.08
0.05 0.15
0.20
remainder
7022
0.50 0.50
0.50 0.10 2.60 0.10 4.30

1.00 0.40 3.70 0.30 5.20
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
7068
0.12 0.15
1.60
2.20
7.30
0.10
0.05
2.40
3.00
8.30
0.01
0.05
0.05 0.15
0.15
remainder
7072
0.7Si+Fe
0.10 0.10 0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
7075
0.40 0.50
1.2
2.1 0.18 5.1
0.30
2.0
2.9 0.28 6.1
0.20
0.05 0.15
remainder
7079
0.3
0.40 0.10 2.9 0.10 3.8

0.80 0.30 3.7 0.25 4.8
0.10
0.05 0.15
remainder
7116
0.15 0.30
0.50
0.8
0.05
1.1
1.4
4.2
0.05 0.05
5.2
0.03
0.05 0.15
remainder
7129
0.15 0.30
0.50
1.3
4.2
0.10
0.10
0.05 0.05
0.9
2.0
5.2
0.03
0.05 0.15
remainder
7178
0.40 0.50
1.6
2.4 0.18 6.3
0.30
2.4
3.1 0.28 7.3
0.05 0.15
remainder
Alloy
Si
0.40
Fe
0.15
0.8 0.04
0.15
0.25
0.40
1.2 0.14
Cu
Mg
0.40
0.7
0.20
0.20 1.0 0.06 4.0

0.70 1.8 0.20 5.0
Mn
0.40
0.7
0.01
0.06
0.8
1.3
Cr
Zn
0.20
V
Ti
Bi
Ga
Pb
Zr
Limits
Each Total
Al
Manganesepluschromiummustbebetween0.120.50%.
Thiscolumnliststhelimitsthatapplytoallelements,whetheratablecolumnexistsforthemornot,forwhichno
otherlimitsarespecified.
Castalloys
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TheAluminumAssociation(AA)hasadoptedanomenclaturesimilartothatofwroughtalloys.BritishStandardand
DINhavedifferentdesignations.IntheAAsystem,thesecondtwodigitsrevealtheminimumpercentageofaluminium,
e.g.150.xcorrespondtoaminimumof99.50%aluminium.Thedigitafterthedecimalpointtakesavalueof0or1,
denotingcastingandingotrespectively.[1]ThemainalloyingelementsintheAAsystemareasfollows:
1xx.xseriesareminimum99%aluminium
2xx.xseriescopper
3xx.xseriessilicon,copperand/ormagnesium
4xx.xseriessilicon
5xx.xseriesmagnesium
7xx.xserieszinc
8xx.xseriestin
9xx.xotherelements
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Minimumtensilerequirementsforcastaluminiumalloys[9]
Alloytype
ANSI
UNS
Temper
Tensilestrength(min)inksi
(MPa)
Yieldstrength(min)inksi
(MPa)
Elongationin2
in%
201.0
A02010 T7
60.0(414)
50.0(345)
3.0
204.0
A02040 T4
45.0(310)
28.0(193)
6.0
242.0
A02420
23.0(159)
N/A
N/A
T61
32.0(221)
20.0(138)
N/A
A242.0 A12420 T75
29.0(200)
N/A
1.0
T4
29.0(200)
13.0(90)
6.0
T6
32.0(221)
20.0(138)
3.0
T62
36.0(248)
28.0(193)
N/A
T7
29.0(200)
16.0(110)
3.0
23.0(159)
13.0(90)
1.5
A03190 T5
25.0(172)
N/A
N/A
T6
31.0(214)
20.0(138)
1.5
25.0(172)
14.0(97)
1.0
T6
34.0(234)
21.0(145)
1.0
T6
32.0(221)
20.0(138)
2.0
A03550 T51
25.0(172)
18.0(124)
N/A
T71
30.0(207)
22.0(152)
N/A
36.0(248)
25.0(172)
2.5
19.0(131)
9.5(66)
2.0
T6
30.0(207)
20.0(138)
3.0
A03560 T7
31.0(214)
N/A
N/A
T51
23.0(159)
16.0(110)
N/A
T71
25.0(172)
18.0(124)
3.0
T6
34.0(234)
24.0(165)
3.5
T61
35.0(241)
26.0(179)
1.0
A04430 F
17.0(117)
7.0(48)
3.0
B443.0 A24430 F
17.0(117)
6.0(41)
3.0
512.0
A05120 F
17.0(117)
10.0(69)
N/A
514.0
A05140 F
22.0(152)
9.0(62)
6.0
520.0
A05200 T4
42.0(290)
22.0(152)
12.0
535.0
A05350 F
35.0(241)
18.0(124)
9.0
705.0
A07050 T5
30.0(207)
17.0(117)
5.0
707.0
A07070 T7
37.0(255)
30.0(207)
1.0
710.0
A07100 T5
32.0(221)
20.0(138)
2.0
712.0
A07120 T5
34.0(234)
25.0(172)
4.0
713.0
A07130 T5
32.0(221)
22.0(152)
3.0
T5
42.0(290)
38.0(262)
1.5
T51
32.0(221)
27.0(186)
3.0
295.0
319.0
328.0
355.0
A02950
A03280
C355.0 A33550 T6
356.0
A356.0 A13560
443.0
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771.0
A07710 T52
36.0(248)
30.0(207)
1.5
T6
42.0(290)
35.0(241)
5.0
T71
48.0(331)
45.0(310)
5.0
850.0
A08500 T5
16.0(110)
N/A
5.0
851.0
A08510 T5
17.0(117)
N/A
3.0
852.0
A08520 T5
24.0(165)
18.0(124)
N/A
Onlywhenrequestedbythecustomer
Namedalloys
AlferiumanaluminiumironalloydevelopedbySchneider,usedforaircraftmanufacturebySocitpourla
Constructiond'AvionsMtallique"Avimta"
Alcladaluminiumsheetformedfromhighpurityaluminiumsurfacelayersbondedtohighstrengthaluminium
alloycorematerial[10]
Birmabright(aluminium,magnesium)aproductofTheBirmetalsCompany,basicallyequivalentto5251
Duralumin(copper,aluminium)
Hindalium(aluminium,magnesium,manganese,silicon)productofHindustanAluminiumCorporationLtd,made
in16garolledsheetsforcookware
PandalloyPratt&Whitneyproprietaryalloy,supposedlyhavinghighstrengthandsuperiorhightemperature
performance.
Magnalium
Magnox(magnesium,aluminium)
Silumin(aluminium,silicon)
Titanal(aluminium,zinc,magnesium,copper,zirconium)aproductofAustriaMetallAG.Commonlyusedin
highperformancesportsproducts,particularlysnowboardsandskis.
Yalloy,Hiduminium,R.R.alloys:prewarnickelaluminiumalloys,usedinaerospaceandenginepistons,for
theirabilitytoretainstrengthatelevatedtemperature.
Applications
Aerospacealloys
Scandiumaluminium
TheadditionofscandiumtoaluminiumcreatesnanoscaleAl3Scprecipitates
whichlimittheexcessivegraingrowththatoccursintheheataffectedzoneof
weldedaluminiumcomponents.Thishastwobeneficialeffects:theprecipitated
Al3Scformssmallercrystalsthanareformedinotheraluminiumalloys[11]and
thewidthofprecipitatefreezonesthatnormallyexistatthegrainboundariesof
agehardenablealuminiumalloysisreduced.[11]Scandiumisalsoapotentgrain
refinerincastaluminiumalloys,andatomforatom,themostpotentstrengthener
inaluminium,bothasaresultofgrainrefinementandprecipitation
strengthening.However,titaniumalloys,whicharestrongerbutheavier,are
cheaperandmuchmorewidelyused.[12]
PartsoftheMig29aremadefrom
AlScalloy. [11]
Themainapplicationofmetallicscandiumbyweightisinaluminiumscandiumalloysforminoraerospaceindustry
components.Thesealloyscontainbetween0.1%and0.5%(byweight)ofscandium.TheywereusedintheRussian
militaryaircraftMig21andMig29.[11]
10/13
2/19/2016
Someitemsofsportsequipment,whichrelyonhighperformancematerials,havebeenmadewithscandiumaluminium
alloys,includingbaseballbats,[13]lacrossesticks,aswellasbicycle[14]framesandcomponents,andtentpoles.U.S.
gunmakerSmith&Wessonproducesrevolverswithframescomposedofscandiumalloyandcylindersoftitanium.[15]
Listofaerospacealuminiumalloys
Thefollowingaluminiumalloysarecommonlyusedinaircraftandotheraerospacestructures:[16]
7068aluminium
7075aluminium
6061aluminium
6063aluminium
2024aluminium
5052aluminium
7050aluminium
Notethatthetermaircraftaluminiumoraerospacealuminiumusuallyrefersto7075.[17][18]
6063aluminiumalloysareheattreatablewithmoderatelyhighstrength,excellentcorrosionresistanceandgood
extrudability.Theyareregularlyusedasarchitecturalandstructuralmembers.[19]
Thefollowinglistofaluminiumalloysarecurrentlyproduced,butlesswidelyused:
2090aluminium
2124aluminium
2195aluminiumAlLialloy,usedinSpaceShuttleSuperLightweightexternaltank,[20]andtheSpaceXFalcon
9[21]andFalcon1esecondstagelaunchvehicles.[22]
2219aluminiumAlCualloy,usedintheoriginalSpaceShuttleStandardWeightexternaltank
2324aluminium
5059aluminiumUsedinexperimentalrocketcryogenictanks
6013aluminium
7050aluminium
7055aluminium
7150aluminium
7475aluminium
Marinealloys
Thesealloysareusedforboatbuildingandshipbuilding,andothermarineandsaltwatersensitiveshoreapplications.[23]
5052aluminiumalloy
5059aluminiumalloy
5083aluminiumalloy
5086aluminiumalloy
6061aluminiumalloy
6063aluminiumalloy
4043,5183,6005A,6082alsousedinmarineconstructionsandoffshoreapplications.
Cyclingalloys
Thesealloysareusedforcyclingframesandcomponents
2014aluminium
11/13
2/19/2016
6061aluminium
6063aluminium
7005aluminium
7075aluminium
Scandiumaluminium
Automotivealloys
6111aluminiumand2008aluminiumalloyareextensivelyusedforexternalautomotivebodypanels,with5083and
5754usedforinnerbodypanels.Hoodshavebeenmanufacturedfrom2036,6016,and6111alloys.Truckandtrailer
bodypanelshaveused5456aluminum.
Automobileframesoftenuse5182aluminiumor5754aluminiumformedsheets,6061or6063extrusions.
WheelshavebeencastfromA356.0aluminiumorformed5xxxsheet.[24]
Airandgascylinders
6061aluminumand6351aluminium[25]arewidelyusedinbreathinggascylindersforscubadivingandSCBA.
Seealso
References
1.I.J.Polmear,LightAlloys,Arnold,1995
2.http://www.materials.manchester.ac.uk/pdf/research/latest/magnesium/elke_hombergsmeier_AEROMAG%20Paper_07.pdf
3.SAEaluminiumspecificationslist(http://www.sae.org/servlets/product?
PROD_TYP=STD&PARENT_BPA_CD=AERO&TECH_CD=ALUMI),accessed8October2006.AlsoSAEAerospace
Council(http://www.sae.org/about/board/committees/arsp.htm),accessed8October2006.
4.R.E.Sanders,TechnologyInnovationinaluminiumProducts,TheJournalofTheMinerals,53(2):2125,2001.Onlineed.
(http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0102/Sanders0102.html)
5."Sheetmetalmaterial".Archivedfromtheoriginalon15June2009.Retrieved20090726.
6.Degarmo,E.PaulBlack,JT.Kohser,RonaldA.(2003).MaterialsandProcessesinManufacturing(9thed.).Wiley.p.133.
ISBN0471656534.
7."8xxxSeriesAlloys".aluMATTER.org.Retrieved6May2014.
8.ASMMetalsHandbookVol.2,PropertiesandSelectionofNonferrousAlloysandSpecialPurposeMaterials,ASM
International(p.222)
9.ASTMB26/B26M05
10.Parker,DanaT.BuildingVictory:AircraftManufacturingintheLosAngelesAreainWorldWarII,p.39,118,Cypress,CA,
2013.ISBN9780989790604.
11.Ahmad,Zaki(2003)."Thepropertiesandapplicationofscandiumreinforcedaluminum".JOM55(2):35.
Bibcode:2003JOM....55b..35A.doi:10.1007/s1183700302246.
12.Schwarz,JamesA.Contescu,CristianI.Putyera,Karol(2004).Dekkerencyclopediaofnanoscienceandnanotechnology3.
CRCPress.p.2274.ISBN0824750497.
13.Bjerklie,Steve(2006)."Abattybusiness:Anodizedmetalbatshaverevolutionizedbaseball.Butarefinisherslosingthesweet
spot?".MetalFinishing104(4):61.doi:10.1016/S00260576(06)800991.
14."EastonTechnologyReport:Materials/Scandium"(PDF).EastonBike.com.Retrieved20090403.
15."SmallFrame(J)Model340PDRevolver".Smith&Wesson.Retrieved20081020.
16.FundamentalsofFlight,Shevell,RichardS.,1989,EnglewoodCliffs,PrenticeHall,ISBN0133390608,Ch18,pp373386.
17."AluminuminAircraft".Archivedfromtheoriginalon21April2009.Retrieved20090421.
18.Wagner,PennyJo(Winter1995)."Aircraftaluminum".Archivedfromtheoriginalon5April2009.Retrieved20090421.
19.Template:RelationshipbetweenprocessparametersandmechanicalpropertiesoffrictionstirprocessedAA6063T6aluminum
alloy,MaterialsandDesign32(2011)30853091
20.SuperLightweightExternalTank(http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/113020main_shuttle_lightweight.pdf),NASA,
retrieved12Dec2013.
21."Falcon9".SpaceX.2013.Retrieved20131206.
12/13
2/19/2016
22.Bjelde,BrianMaxVozoffGwynneShotwell(August2007)."TheFalcon1LaunchVehicle:DemonstrationFlights,Status,
Manifest,andUpgradePath".21stAnnualAIAA/USUConferenceonSmallSatellites(SSC07III6).Retrieved20131206.
23.Boatbuildingwithaluminium,StephenF.Pollard,1993,InternationalMarine,ISBN0070504261
24.Kaufman,John(2000).Introductiontoaluminumalloysandtempers(PDF).ASMInternational.pp.116117.ISBN087170
689X.Retrieved9November2011.
25."AshortReviewof6351AlloyAluminumCylinders".ProfessionalScubaInspectors.1July2011.Retrieved18June2014.
Externallinks
AluminiumalloysfordiecastingaccordingtotheJapaneseStandards,ChinaNationalStandards,U.S.Standards
andGermanStandards(http://www.gwpag.com/media/www.gwp
ag.com/org/med_645/804_aluminum_alloys_for_die_casting.pdf)
AluminiumalloysforchillcastingandlowpressurecastingaccordingtotheJapanese,Chinese,Americanand
Germanindustrialstandard(http://www.gwpag.com/media/www.gwp
ag.com/org/med_645/803_aluminum_alloys_for_chill_casting_and_low_pressure_casting.pdf)
AluminiumalloysforextrusionaccordingtotheGermanStandards(http://www.gwpag.com/media/www.gwp
ag.com/org/med_645/805_aluminum_alloys_for_extrusion.pdf)
TheAluminiumAssociation'schemicalcompositionstandardsforwroughtaluminium
(http://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/Teal_Sheets.pdf)
"TheEAAAlumatter"computerbasedreferencedatabasecontainingtechnicalinformationonthemostwidely
usedaluminiumalloys,theirmechanical,physicalandchemicalproperties
(http://www.aluminium.matter.org.uk/aluselect/)
"ApplicationsforAluminiumAlloysandTempers.(http://www.pa
international.com.au/images/stories/ApplicationsforAluminumAlloysandTempers.pdf)
InfluenceofHeatTreatmentontheMechanicalPropertiesofAluminiumAlloy(http://www.pa
international.com.au/images/stories/HeatTreatmentMechanicalPropertiesAluminiumAlloy6066.pdf)
Aluminium:physicalproperties,characteristicsandalloys(http://www.alueurope.eu/talat/lectures/1501.pdf)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_alloy&oldid=703600042"
Categories: Aluminiumalloys Alloys Aluminium
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1050[8] 0.25 0.40 0.05 0.05 0.05

1199[8] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.006

0.006 0.005 0.002

3.9 0.40 0.20

3.8 0.30 1.2

0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10

0.40 0.40 0.10

0.40 4.0 0.05

0.40 0.50 0.10

0.20 3.5 0.05

0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10

0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10

0.25 0.40 0.10

0.50 2.4 0.05

0.25 0.40 0.10

0.50 4.7 0.05

0.40 0.40 0.10 0.50

0.15 0.15 0.8 0.04 0.25

0.35 0.40 0.10

0.50 0.10 2.60 0.10 4.30

0.10 0.10 0.10

0.40 0.10 2.9 0.10 3.8

0.20 1.0 0.06 4.0

A242.0 A12420 T75

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