GS Ep Saf 222a

Exploration & Production
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
SAFETY
GS EP SAF 222
Safety rules for machinery and equipment handling

hydrocarbon in enclosed areas
02
10/05
Addition of EP root to document identification and replaced

reference API RP 500 by API RP 505
01
10/03
Change of Group name and logo
00
04/01
Old TotalFina SP SEC 222
Rev.
Date
Notes
This document is the property of Total. It must not be stored, reproduced or disclosed to others without written authorisation from the Company.
GS_EP_SAF_222A Rev.02.doc

General Specification
Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
Contents
1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.1
Purpose of the specification...............................................................................................4
1.2
Applicability........................................................................................................................4
2. Reference documents............................................................................................. 5
3. Terminology and definitions .................................................................................. 6
4. General guidelines .................................................................................................. 9
4.1
Layout ................................................................................................................................9
4.2
Ventilation ..........................................................................................................................9
4.3
Prevention of hazards......................................................................................................11
4.4
Fire and Gas detection ....................................................................................................12
4.5
Emergency Shutdown......................................................................................................12
4.6
Passive protection ...........................................................................................................13
4.7
Active Fire-Fighting (AFF)................................................................................................14
4.8
Miscellaneous safety requirements .................................................................................14
5. Gas turbine specifics ............................................................................................ 16

5.1
Layout ..............................................................................................................................16
5.2
Ventilation ........................................................................................................................17
5.3
5.4
5.5
ESD .................................................................................................................................23
5.6
5.7
5.8
Miscellaneous safety requirements .................................................................................26
6. Diesel engine specifics......................................................................................... 26

6.1
Layout ..............................................................................................................................26
6.2
Ventilation ........................................................................................................................28
6.3
6.4
6.5
ESD .................................................................................................................................31
6.6
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GS EP SAF 222
6.7
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
7. Gas engine specifics............................................................................................. 34

7.1
Layout ..............................................................................................................................35
7.2
Fuel-gas system ..............................................................................................................35
7.3
Spark ignition system.......................................................................................................35
7.4
Fire and gas detection .....................................................................................................36
7.5
ESD .................................................................................................................................36
8. Enclosed process unit specifics.......................................................................... 38

8.1
Layout ..............................................................................................................................38
8.2
8.3
Fire and gas detection .....................................................................................................38
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GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
1. Scope
1.1 Purpose of the specification
The purpose of this general specification is two-fold:
Define the safety requirements applicable to machinery (diesel engine, gas engine, gas
turbine, etc.), even if not generating an hazardous area in the sense of IP Code, Part 15
Define the safety requirements applicable to process equipment in enclosed area, either
partially or totally enclosed.
In accordance with the hazard tree for production installations as per API RP 14J, these safety
requirements contribute to the fulfilment of the following objectives:
Containment of hydrocarbon: Minimise the number of potential fuel sources and
provide automatic safety valves with appropriate ESD logic.
Prevention of ignition: Provide adequate spacing from other hazards; provide
ventilation; minimise the number of ignition sources; separate fuel sources from ignition
sources; provide gas detection devices; provide automatic shut-off devices with ESD
logic.
Mitigation: Provide fire detection devices; minimise the effects of an explosion, either by
position or by protection; minimise the effects of fire, either by position or by passive fire
protection; provide means for active fire-fighting.
Operability: Although not specifically mentioned in API RP 14 J, Total consider this
requirement as of the utmost importance; it bears consequences on layout, accesses,
lifting devices for maintenance, condition monitoring capabilities (specially for early
warning), controls, etc. and all other features that may impact routine operation and
maintenance.
This general safety specification is organised as follows:
General requirements applicable to all equipment are developed in chapter 4.
Specific requirements applicable to a particular type of equipment are detailed in:
- Particular requirements for gas turbines in chapter 5
- Particular requirements for diesel engines in chapter 6
- Particular requirements for gas engines in chapter 7
- Particular requirements for enclosed process units in chapter 8.
1.2 Applicability
This specification is not retroactive, with the exception of Halon replacement (refer to GS
EP SAF 332). It shall apply to new installations and to major modifications or extensions of
existing installations, both onshore and offshore.
This specification is limited to highlight safety matters and should not be considered as a
substitute for proper design and specification. It does not cover, in particular:
Electrical rooms where there is no fuel source, safe utilities (air, water, etc.) and buildings
that are normally manned (refer to GS EP SAF 221)
Accommodation utilities such as boilers, incinerators, etc. (refer to GS EP SAF 221).
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GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification. Unless
otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant appendices
and supplements, is the latest revision published at the EFFECTIVE DATE of the CONTRACT.
Standards
Reference
Title
ISO 1813
Antistatic endless V-belts
ISO 9563
Belt drives
Professional Documents
Reference
Title
API Publ 4615
Emission Factors for Oil and Gas Operations
API RP 14C
Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and

Testing of Basic Surface Safety Systems for Offshore Production
Platforms
API RP 14G
Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and control on Open

Type Offshore Production Platforms
API RP 14J
Recommended Practice for Design and Hazards Analysis for

Offshore Production Facilities
API RP 505
Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical

installations at petroleum facilities classified as class I, Zone 0,
Zone 1 and Zone 2.
Regulations
Reference
Title
NFPA 12
Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems
NFPA 37
Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines (< 5.5 MW)
NFPA 68
Guide for Venting of Deflagrations
NFPA 850
Electrical Generating Plants ( 5.5 MW)
Codes
Reference
Title
EEMUA
Publication No. 107, Recommendations for the Protection of

Diesel Engines for Use in Zone 2 Hazardous Areas
IP Code Part 15
Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations. First edition

(March 1990)
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GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
Other documents
Reference
Title
Asset Protection Philosophy
Safety Concept
Statement Of Requirements (SOR)
Total General Specifications

Reference
Title
GS EP ELE 079
Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive gas atmospheres
GS EP SAF 021
Layout
GS EP SAF 216
Area classification
GS EP SAF 221
Safety rules for buildings
GS EP SAF 228
Liquid drainage
GS EP SAF 253
Impacted area, restricted area and fire zones
GS EP SAF 261
Emergency Shut-Down and Emergency De-Pressurisation (ESD

& EDP)
GS EP SAF 311
Rules for the selection of fire-fighting systems
GS EP SAF 312
Guidelines for selecting and installing fire and gas detection

systems
GS EP SAF 321
Fire pump stations and fire water mains
GS EP SAF 322
Fixed fire-water systems
GS EP SAF 331
CO2 fire-extinguishing systems
GS EP SAF 332
Alternative to Halon in fire extinguishing systems
GS EP SAF 334
Foam fire extinguishing systems
GS EP SAF 337
Passive Fire Protection
3. Terminology and definitions

Active Fire-Fighting
(AFF)
Same as Fire Protection, Active.
Area (enclosed)
Any building, room or enclosed space within which, in the absence

or failure of artificial ventilation, the ventilation is not sufficient to
avoid persistence of flammable atmosphere within the area
(COMPANY from IP 15).
Area (open)
Open air situation where vapours are readily dispersed (COMPANY

from IP 15).
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GS EP SAF 222
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Rev: 02
Area (restricted)
Area within the boundaries of the installation and hence under the
control of COMPANY, which is affected permanently by normal
operation of the installation or exceptionally by the consequences of
an emergency situation caused by a major failure (COMPANY).
Area (sheltered)
Area within an open area, where ventilation is less than in a true

open area, but is still sufficient to avoid persistence of flammable
atmosphere within the area. (COMPANY from IP 15).
Note: API wording is "partially enclosed area" and IP 15 wording is
"sheltered or obstructed open area").
Escape, Evacuation
and Rescue (EER)
General term used to describe the range of possible actions

including escape, muster, refuge, evacuation, escape to the sea and
rescue/recovery (ISO).
Emergency Response
(ER)
Action taken by personnel on or off the installation to control and/or

mitigate a hazardous event (ISO).
Emergency Shutdown
(ESD)
Control actions undertaken to Shutdown equipment or process in

response to a hazardous situation (ISO).
Emergency Shutdown
system
System of manual stations and automatic devices which, when

activated, initiate installation Shutdown (COMPANY).
Event (credible)
Incident that is considered likely to occur during the life span of the
installation, as stated in the SAFETY CONCEPT in order to define
the fire zones (COMPANY).
Failure (major)
A conceivable incident that can possibly occur on the concerned

facility, selected out of a list of reference incidents based on
experience and considering that mitigation measures have been
implemented and protection systems have operated as required
(COMPANY).
Fire and Gas (F&G)

system
Safety system which monitors the temperature or the energy flux

(fire), the concentration of flammable or toxic gases (gas), and
initiates alarm and Shutdown functions at pre-determined levels
(COMPANY).
Fire Protection, Active

(AFP)
Any fire protection system or component which requires the manual

or automatic detection of fire and which initiates a consequential
response (API).
Fire Protection,
Passive (PFP)
Coating, cladding arrangements or a free standing system which in

the event of fire will provide thermal protection to the substrate to
which it is attached or to the protected area and does so
independently of a requirement for human, mechanical or other
intervention to initiate a response (COMPANY from ISO and API).
Fire zone
Areas within the installation where equipment are grouped by nature

and/or homogeneous level of risk attached to them. The partition
into fire zones is such that the consequences of a flammable gas
leak, an explosion or a fire corresponding to the worst credible event
likely to occur in the concerned fire zone shall not impact other fire
zones to an extent where their integrity could be put at risk
(COMPANY).
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GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
Fuel source
Same as ISO definition of "source of release" (API).
Ignition source
Source of temperature and energy sufficient to initiate combustion

(API).
Pressurisation
Over-pressurised enclosure: enclosure where artificial

ventilation maintains the area at a controlled pressure above the
ambient pressure (IP 15).
Under-pressurised enclosure: enclosure where artificial
ventilation maintains the area at a controlled pressure below the
ambient pressure (COMPANY).
Release (continuous
grade)
Release that is continuous or nearly so (IP 15). A release shall be

considered as continuous if it is likely to be present for more than
1000 hours per year.
Release (primary
grade)
Release that is likely to occur in normal operation. A release shall

be considered as primary grade if it is likely to be present between
10 and 1000 hours per year (IP 15).
Release (secondary
grade)
Release that is unlikely to occur in normal operation and, in any

event, will be of short duration. A release shall be considered as
secondary grade if it is likely to be present less than 10 hours per
year (IP 15).
Source of release
Point from which flammable gas, liquid or a combination of both can

be released into the atmosphere (ISO).
Ventilation (adequate)
Ventilation, natural, artificial or a combination of both, sufficient to

avoid persistence of flammable atmosphere within sheltered or
enclosed area but insufficient to avoid their initial formation or
spread throughout the area (IP 15).
Ventilation (dilution)
Artificial ventilation sufficient to maintain non-hazardous an

enclosed area containing a source of release or an aperture into a
hazardous area (IP 15).
Zone 0 hazardous area
Part of a hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is

continuously present, or present for long periods (IP 15).
Part of the hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is

likely to occur in normal operation (IP 15).
Part of the hazardous area in which a flammable atmosphere is not

likely to occur in normal operation and, if it occurs, will exist only for
a short period (IP 15).
API RP 505 provided guidelines to distinguish between open, sheltered and enclosed areas.
These guidelines shall be adhered to.
Walls (% surface)
0 to 25
25 to 50
50 to 75
75 to 100
Floor + ceiling
Open
Sheltered
Enclosed
Enclosed (3)
No floor (1) + ceiling
Open
Sheltered (2)
Sheltered (2)
Enclosed (2)
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Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Floor, no ceiling
1
No floor ( ), no ceiling
Rev: 02
Open
Sheltered
Sheltered
Enclosed
Open
Sheltered
Sheltered
Sheltered
(1): Gratings are considered as no floor.

(2): In this case, the general rule that requires that more than 66% of the walls, floor and
ceiling be present for enclosed areas, shall apply.
(3): Areas enclosed by 100% walls, floor and ceiling shall be called a totally enclosed areas,
all other enclosed areas shall be called partially enclosed areas.
Important remark: It may happen that areas that would be classified enclosed as per criteria
in above table are indeed only sheltered if their openings are specifically designed to do so,
but this is not the base case and will have to be established on a case by case basis.
4. General guidelines
4.1 Layout
4.1.1 Wind
Partially enclosed areas housing equipment handling hydrocarbon shall be located down the
prevailing wind from ignition sources and up the prevailing wind from other fuel sources in open
areas. This guideline is less essential for the location of totally enclosed areas.
Where a package installed in a sheltered area consists in an ignition source-type driver and a
fuel source-type driven equipment, the driver shall be located up the prevailing wind or the
package shall be perpendicular to the prevailing wind.
4.1.2 Auxiliary equipment
Auxiliary equipment shall be located with due consideration to the type of hazard they present
(fuel or ignition source): up wind, down wind, side wind, inside or outside the enclosure, etc. It
shall be assessed whether auxiliary equipment can be located on the roof of the enclosure.
4.1.3 Accesses
Space reservation and handling devices shall be provided around, and possibly above
enclosures for working access, inspection and maintenance, and change-over of any piece of
equipment.
4.2 Ventilation
4.2.1 Intakes/Exhausts
Air intakes to engines, turbines or ventilation systems to enclosed areas shall be sited in a safe
area, at least 2 metres away from a hazardous area, and should be up the prevailing wind
from the rest of the installation.
It shall be assessed whether ventilation exhausts can be fuel sources (e.g. exhausts from
enclosures containing fuel sources and/or which are pre-purged). They should be properly
located and/or elevated considering surrounding ignition sources.
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GS EP SAF 222
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Exhausts from engines or turbines shall be positioned considering the three following criteria:
They shall be regarded as ignition sources and their outlets shall therefore be located
2 metres away from any hazardous area.
Their maximum skin temperature shall be assessed and it shall be determined whether
their stack should be located outside hazardous areas and/or fitted with an appropriate
thermal insulation.
Elevated exhausts should be free of any interference with lifting (cranes operating sector) and
traffic (helicopter approach sector) operation. In this respect a special attention shall be paid to
the extend of the exhaust hot gas plume that may constitute a very serious hazard if in the
helicopter approach path.
4.2.2 Pressurisation
Totally enclosed areas shall be submitted to pressurisation when any of the three following
configuration is encountered:
Enclosed areas containing ignition sources and surrounded by a hazardous area, shall be
over-pressurised. This requirement is not applicable to enclosed areas containing only
equipment certified for operation in the type of hazardous area of likely to prevail within
the concerned enclosed area.
Enclosed areas containing secondary grade releases and surrounded by a safe area shall
be under-pressurised (1).
Enclosed areas containing secondary grade releases and an ignition source and
surrounded by a hazardous area shall be over-pressurised (1).
Note 1: The requirement for pressurisation applicable to enclosed areas containing fuel sources
is independent from the need for ventilation, either adequate or dilution. See section 4.2.3.
4.2.3 Ventilation
Any enclosed area (partially or totally) containing a fuel source and/or any contaminating agent,
or in contact with a hazardous area, shall be ventilated.
Enclosed areas in contact with a Zone 1 hazardous area shall be provided with dilution
ventilation. Enclosed areas containing a secondary grade release that must be rendered nonhazardous shall be provided with dilution ventilation, too. Unless otherwise specified, the default
values for gas leaking rates should be those of API Publ 4615, assuming the equipment is in
poor condition (leaking rates) but there is no failure (pipe rupture, etc.).
Enclosed areas containing a secondary grade release or in connection with a Zone 2 hazardous
area shall be adequately ventilated unless it is acceptable they become Zone 1 hazardous
areas.
4.2.4 Cooling and temperature control
Enclosed areas containing heat sources such as machinery, engines skids, fired process
equipment, exothermic reactors (if any), etc. may require cooling ventilation. A specific study
shall be carried out on a case per case basis and/or information provided by the VENDOR shall
be used to determine the ventilation flow rate requirement.
Cooling ventilation is applicable to all enclosures, regardless of their position inside or outside
the restricted area, within or outside a hazardous area.
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GS EP SAF 222
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Rev: 02
4.3 Prevention of hazards

4.3.1 Fuel sources
Potential fuel sources and/or combustible inventory in enclosed areas shall be identified and
whenever possible grouped together. In the limit of what is technologically feasible, their
number shall be minimised and their type shall be selected so as to limit the extent and the type
of hazardous area they generate. A special attention shall be paid to the design of fuel gas lines
(either combustion or gas starters) and the type and quality of fittings attached to them.
Continuous grade releases (e.g. degassing vents) are strictly forbidden inside enclosed or
sheltered area; they shall be routed to an open end outside the enclosed area or away from the
sheltered area and shall be located with due consideration for potential ignition sources
(e.g. exhaust chimney). Sampling points generating a Zone 1 hazardous area and prone to
operating mistakes shall also be avoided within enclosed or sheltered area and, whenever
possible, routed outside said areas.
For further details, refer to API RP 505, API Publ 4615 and IP Code, Part 15, providing lists of
equipment that are potential sources of fuel.
4.3.2 Minimisation and segregation of ignition sources
Potential ignition sources in enclosed areas shall be identified (for further details, refer to
API RP 14G and IP Code, Part 15, that provide lists of equipment and activities that are
possible ignition sources), their number shall be minimised and wherever possible, they shall be
grouped together and located away from potential fuel sources.
4.3.3 Electrical equipment
The type (suitability for operation in hazardous area) of electrical equipment installed within
enclosed or sheltered area is dictated by the nature of ventilation (natural vs. artificial) and the
conditions under which said electrical equipment shall operate (normal vs. down-graded). In
practice two cases shall be considered:
Electrical equipment that can be de-energised in case of gas detection or in case of loss
of artificial ventilation, if any, would normally be certified for use in the type of hazardous
area that prevails in said enclosure during normal operation.
However electrical material installed in an enclosure containing a fuel source shall always
be suitable for at least Zone 2 hazardous area, even if said enclosure is provided with
dilution ventilation which renders it non-hazardous during normal operation.
Electrical equipment that cannot be de-energised or is to be voluntarily used while the
atmosphere within the enclosure is hazardous (e.g. emergency ventilation), shall be
suitable for operation in Zone 1 hazardous area.
4.3.4 Hazardous areas around shelters and enclosures
Under-pressurised enclosures do not generate an external hazardous area in case of loss of
ventilation, providing the fuel lines to the machinery installed inside these enclosures are
adequately designed (see section 5.3.1 and section 0) and equipped with an appropriate
shutdown system. As a consequence, electrical material installed around said underpressurised enclosures does not require certification for use in any type of hazardous area.
Enclosures equipped with adequate ventilation shall generate an external hazardous area, for
which the extend depends on the geometry of openings and the buoyancy of gas (refer to
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GS EP SAF 222
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Rev: 02
IP code, Part 15 and GS EP SAF 216). The classification of the hazardous area around these
enclosures shall be the same as the classification of the enclosure while the ventilation is
operating.
Hazardous areas shall extend beyond sheltered areas as per rules developed in IP Code,
Part 15 and GS EP SAF 216. The classification of said hazardous area shall also be as per
IP Code, Part 15 and GS EP SAF 216.
4.3.5 Hot surfaces
Spilled liquid hydrocarbon shall never be in contact with a surface whose temperature exceeds
their flash point. 200C shall be taken as default value but it is highlighted that condensate and
lube oil may have significantly lower flash points. This requirement is not applicable for
components that are, by design, connected onto the hot equipment itself (e.g. oil return lines on
power turbines).
Escaped flammable gases shall never be in contact with a surface whose temperature can
exceed their auto-ignition temperature. If the ignition point of the combustible gas is known, the
maximum surface temperature shall be 80% of the ignition point, in C. If not, the conservative
value of 250C shall be considered as the maximum acceptable surface temperature.
4.4 Fire and Gas detection

A flammable gas detection system shall be installed:
In all air intakes to an enclosed area containing an ignition source, if air is drawn from
within the installation restricted area, where gas may be present above LFL concentration
in case of major failure
Inside the hood and in extraction duct (hood side) from enclosed areas containing fuel
sources
Close to any equipment installed in a sheltered area and presenting risks of gas leakage.
As a general rule, toxic gas detection shall be installed in the air intakes to premises, within the
restricted area, where personnel may be present during normal operation and if the process
fluid H2S content is higher than 15 ppm (alarm threshold shall be 10 ppm). However the need
for toxic gas detection for totally enclosed and generally unmanned areas containing single
piece of machinery (e.g. turbine hood) shall be assessed on a case by case basis.
A fire detection system shall be installed in any enclosed or sheltered area containing
equipment handling hydrocarbon.
For further details, refer to GS EP SAF 312.
4.5 Emergency Shutdown

As a general rule and in addition to its individual process control and safety system, any
equipment (process or machinery) in enclosed or sheltered area and its associated auxiliaries
(either inside or outside the enclosure/shelter), shall be protected by an Emergency ShutDown (ESD) system. In the case of machinery it may happen, however, that this rule admits
exception, e.g. engine driven fire pumps. It shall therefore always be assessed what is the
purpose of the concerned equipment, what are the consequences of its shutdown on the
installation global safety level and whether, or not, shutdown is acceptable considering the
consequences.
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The ESD system can be part of the control system provided by the equipment/package
VENDOR, if it matches COMPANY's minimum requirement regarding Probability of Failure
upon Demand (PFD). For permanently manned installation this overall PFD shall be < 10-2,
(corresponding to SIL-2) and for not permanently manned installation this overall PFD shall be
< 10-1, (corresponding to SIL-1). In all cases the ESD system shall be functionally separate
from any other process control pertaining to the concerned equipment.
As an alternative the ESD system can be integrated in the global ESD system covering the
whole installation (refer to GS EP SAF 261 for more details).
The ESD system shall be activated by F&G detection, voluntary human action (pushbuttons)
and possibly hazardous equipment fault, if applicable and as defined with VENDOR.
When activated upon gas detection, the ESD system shall shut-off and bleed the fuel
sources, shutdown the equipment with the exception of essential services which remain
active, shut-off (and cool down where applicable) the ignition sources, and perform an
Emergency Depressurisation of the concerned units, where applicable.
When activated upon fire detection, the ESD system shall shut-off and bleed the fuel
sources, shutdown the equipment with the exception of essential services which remain
active, shutdown ventilation and close fire dampers, shut-off the ignition sources and
activate the active fire-fighting means. Where applicable and required, an emergency
depressurisation of the concerned unit shall be achieved.
4.6 Passive protection

4.6.1 Blast protection
Blast proofing (to protect surrounding equipment against an internal explosion and internal
equipment against an external explosion) shall be provided only if required by the SAFETY
CONCEPT, based on the ASSET PROTECTION PHILOSOPHY.
4.6.2 Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
Enclosures containing equipment handling hydrocarbon shall be separated, where applicable,
from the rest of the installation by fire-walls with fire ratings indicated in table below.
More stringent requirements can be specified for preservation of high value equipment, as
defined in the SAFETY CONCEPT.
Necessary for
ER/EER
Close by
ER/EER
No impact
on ER/EER
In a hazardous area
H-120
H-60
A-0 or H-0 (1)
Non-hazardous area in fire

zone
H-60
A-0
A-0
Non-hazardous area in
restricted area
A-0
A-0
No req'mnt
Outside restricted area
A-0
No req'mnt
No req'mnt
(1): for the choice between A-0 and H-0, refer to sections 5.5 and 5.5.
For further details, refer to GS EP SAF 337.
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4.7 Active Fire-Fighting (AFF)

Enclosures containing equipment handling hydrocarbon and their associated auxiliaries shall be
protected with an active fire-fighting system, as defined in the SAFETY CONCEPT. The type of
AFF systems is dictated by the nature of the enclosure:
Totally enclosed, gas tight: CO2 total flooding (refer to GS EP SAF 331) or a water mist.
In that latter case a particular study shall be carried out. Where existing, Halon systems
shall be replaced if imposed by applicable local regulation or if refill availability of Halon for
is not guaranteed (refer to GS EP SAF 332).
Totally enclosed: High-expansion foam total flooding, normally of AFFF type (refer to GS
EP SAF 334).
Partially enclosed, sheltered and outdoor: Fixed fire water deluge system with AFFF
solution (refer to GS EP SAF 322).
Fixed AFF systems shall be activated automatically upon fire detection or manually through a
local fire call point, outside the enclosure and through a remote action from main control room
(except if locally inhibited).
In addition to fixed AFF systems, the need for supplementary and/or diversified portable or
mobile AFF systems shall be assessed. In any case, portable dry powder-type extinguishers
should be provided close to doors providing access to the enclosure.
Access for mobile AFF systems should be provided for any combination of fire scenario and
wind conditions. This requires at least two accesses on opposite sides of the enclosure, and
maximum practical distances (between the AFF means and the hazard) of 3 metres for dry
powder-type extinguishers and 20 metres for fire-water monitors.
4.8 Miscellaneous safety requirements

4.8.1 Drainage
Working decks inside the enclosure shall be grating. The bottom of the enclosure shall slope
downwards for liquid spillage recovery to low point(s). The liquids shall be routed away to the
open drain system through a self draining device that always maintains a hydraulic guard and
avoids liquid accumulation or through a manual valve.
Particular attention shall be paid to the design of closed drain systems, if any, from VENDOR's
packages handling hydrocarbon in enclosed area. Close drains from unit enclosures (hangar,
shelter, etc.) are allowed provided they adhere by the rules set forth in GS EP SAF 228, but
closed drains from machinery enclosures (e.g. turbine hood) should be avoided and the
preferred design consists in routing all drain points to an open drain system located outside the
enclosure.
4.8.2 Isolation
Particular attention shall be paid to the isolation of equipment handling hydrocarbon in enclosed
areas and the points listed below (in addition to normal piping, electrical or instrument isolations)
shall be carefully looked at:
All piping to/from the enclosure shall be fitted with manual valve(s) suitably sited outside
the enclosure and close by the enclosure doors (except vents).
Piping handling hydrocarbon to/from the enclosure shall be fitted with positive isolation
means (spacer and blind, reversible blind or preferably bent removable spool) to allow, in
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Rev: 02
particular, for hot works or to leave the working place unattended.

Shut-off devices shall be provided for any electrical power supply to an enclosure. One
shut-off device shall be local, close by electrical equipment inside the enclosure, the other
shut-off device shall be remote, from dedicated MCC.
Any equipment driven by pneumatic or hydraulic power shall be provided with power
isolation devices precluding any unexpected start-up of equipment under maintenance.
This is a main area of concern for engine/turbine start-packs.
Logic actions triggered by fire detectors (electronic type) and/or gas detectors shall be
fitted with an inhibition switch located close by the doors.
AFF systems that can endanger life to personnel in the enclosure shall be fitted with an
inhibition switch. This requirement is mandatory for CO2 release systems and shall be
assessed for high-expansion foam systems. When several doors allow access to a
premise protected by AFF, the location(s) of inhibit switch(es) shall be consistent with the
premise layout, typically one on CO2 cabinet, one on unit control package and possibly
one opposite side to CO2 cabinet. Indication of AFF system status should be visible from
any entrance door (lights), indicated on unit control panel and available for signal
transmission to main control room.
4.8.3 Noise
Considering the noise level inside an enclosure containing machinery, the access shall be either
limited to authorised personnel only with adequate ear protection or even totally prohibited while
machinery is running. The enclosure shall be designed so that the noise to ambient satisfies
local regulation, or 88 dB(A) by default where personnel is continuously exposed.
4.8.4 Lighting
The lighting inside enclosed areas shall be designed for routine operation and inspection. It
shall be permanent and supplied from the essential switchboard. Emergency lighting shall be
provided with dedicated battery sets suitable for use in Zone 1 hazardous area to allow for
escape.
Sockets of suitable type shall be provided outside the enclosure to allow supplementary lighting
for maintenance works.
4.8.5 Telecommunications and PAGA
Enclosed process units where the ambient noise level does not exceed 88 dB(A) shall be
provided with telephone and/or PAGA system.
Enclosed areas containing machinery and where it is not possible to hear audible phone rings
and/or PA spoken messages shall be provided with a flashing beacon close to doors and a
telephone booth in open area at sufficient distance from noise.
Enclosed areas containing machinery and where it is not possible to hear GA audible signal
shall be provided with a specific flashing beacon different from telecommunications', if any.
4.8.6 Escape
Particular attention shall be paid to design of escape routes and to sitting of emergency lighting
from congested areas in enclosures. Panic push bars shall be provided inside any escape door.
Page 15/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
4.8.7 Simultaneous operations

In enclosures containing machinery, the possible simultaneous operations are normally limited
to handling while machinery is running. If this occurrence is found as not acceptable, the
handling devices shall be made inoperative and interlocked with the machinery status. In all
enclosures containing a fuel source, the components of the handling systems, inclusive of the
remote control set, shall be suitable for use in hazardous areas.
Other possible simultaneous operation inside enclosures shall be identified and their risks
assessed. They shall either be prohibited or rendered safe with supplementary equipment or
procedures. Enclosures containing independent process or machinery units shall require a
particular study.
5. Gas turbine specifics

This section is applicable for the set composed of the gas turbine, its auxiliaries (fuel system,
lube system, start pack, ventilation and cooling, etc.) and the equipment they drive (power
generator, compressor, pump or other). It is assumed therein that:
Dual-fuel, if any, does not induce additional hazards over a liquid fueled equipment (refer
to section 0 for minor differences)
The turbine is enclosed with part of its auxiliaries, at least for sound-proofing purposes, in
an enclosure referred to as turbine hood
Driven equipment is outside the turbine hood, either in open area or in a second (larger)
enclosure referred to as unit enclosure, which contains the turbine hood, driven
equipment and auxiliaries.
GS EP SAF 216 in its chapter 8 sets out further COMPANY requirements for the design and
installation of gas turbines normally fuelled by hydrocarbon gas, with regard to the risk of
ignition/explosion.
5.1 Layout
Gas turbines and associated auxiliaries and driven equipment shall be located in accordance
with general specifications GS EP SAF 021 and GS EP SAF 253.
They should be preferably located up the prevailing wind from process units and other fuel
sources, including their own fuel-gas system. A gas turbine driving a compressor that is not in
an enclosed area shall not be located down the prevailing wind from the compressor.
Air intakes, both ventilation and combustion air, shall be located at least 2 metres away from
any hazardous area, and preferably up the prevailing wind from any fuel source.
Exhaust discharges shall be at a minimum distance of 2 metres away from hazardous areas.
Furthermore exhausts shall not be located up the prevailing wind from a helideck, in the
approach sector of a helideck and at a distance less than 30 meters from a helideck.
Minimum distance between turbine hood and the unit enclosure, if any, shall be at least
1.5 metre.
Page 16/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
5.2 Ventilation
5.2.1 General
The ventilation of gas turbines depends on the outside area classification, whether the driven
equipment is a fuel source or not, and whether it is enclosed or not.
Installation of gas turbines in Zone 0 hazardous areas is strictly prohibited. Their installation in
Zone 1 hazardous areas, although permitted by relevant codes and standards, is also prohibited
by COMPANY and is therefore not covered by this general specification. As a consequence gas
turbines shall drive equipment that is either a secondary grade of release fuel source
(e.g. process gas compressor or hydrocarbon pump) or not a fuel source at all (e.g. generator or
water pump).
5.2.2 Turbine hood
The turbine hood ventilation system, shall be independent from the ventilation system of the unit
enclosure, if any, and shall ensure the following functions (refer to figure 1 - Turbine hood
ventilation):
Dilution ventilation to keep gas concentration below 20% LFL during normal operation
(including start-up when gas motor starters are used) and cooling ventilation for reliability
and service time; this system is aimed at preventing accumulation of gas from a release
source located within the turbine hood
Differential pressure, as applicable: underpressure where the turbine hood is surrounded
by a safe area, overpressure where the turbine hood is surrounded by an hazardous area;
this system is aimed at preventing accumulation of gas inside the turbine hood from a
release source that would be located outside
Pre-start purging, if required.
These functional requirements shall be fulfilled through the implementation of the following
systems:
A normal ventilation system sized for dilution (minimum 90 air-changes per hour) and
cooling ventilation when the turbine is in full operation, supplied through the essential
switchboard and suitable at least for use in Zone 2 hazardous area. In case of gas
detection, the normal ventilation system shall be shutdown. In case of shutdown of the
normal ventilation system (whatever the cause), the turbine shall be shutdown.
An emergency ventilation system to allow continuation of dilution ventilation (minimum
90 air-changes per hour) after turbine shutdown, that shall be with automatic start-up,
supply from emergency power (DC local batteries) and suitable for use in Zone 1. Its
capacity can be less than the normal system but shall be sufficient to maintain the
atmosphere below 20% LFL during the cool-down phase, assuming the fuel supply has
been shut-off. In case of failure of emergency ventilation and simultaneous gas detection,
the CO2 total flooding system, or alternatively the water mist system, shall be activated.
A differential pressure control as per following rules:
- If the turbine hood is located in a non-hazardous area, the pressure within the hood
shall be controlled below the outside pressure with a minimum underpressure of 5 Pa
in shutdown and 50 to 70 Pa in operation. When located in a unit enclosure the
underpressure can be made up from the combined effect of the underpressure inside
the turbine hood and the overpressure in the unit enclosure.
Page 17/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
- If the turbine hood is located in a hazardous area, the pressure within the hood shall
be controlled above the outside pressure with a minimum overpressure of 5 Pa in
shutdown and 50 to 70 Pa in operation.
A pressure switch shall give an alarm if the differential pressure drops below 50 Pa.
Above requirements require turbine hoods to be of a gas-tight design.
In addition, should any electrical equipment within the turbine hood not be suitable for
operation in Zone 1 hazardous area, a purge ventilation system, suitable for operation
in Zone 1, shall be provided. It shall allow at least five air changes before start-up and/or
energising of electrical equipment not suitable for Zone 1. The emergency ventilation
system can be used for this service.
d
=
3
m
d > 5m
h > 2m
COMBUSTION
AIR
See
note
Dilution ven tilation > 90 Vol./h

P = Patm + 50 Pa
Safe area
VENTILATION
AIR
See
note
d > 2m
COMPRESSOR
Turbine hood
P = Patm

d
Note : damper to be close d in case o f CO 2 release only
=
3
m
d > 5m
COMBUSTION
AIR
See
note
Dilution ven tilation > 90 Vol./h

P = Patm - 50 Pa
Safe area
VENTILATION
AIR
See
note
GENERATOR
Turbine hood
P = Patm
Safe area
Note : damper to be close d in case o f CO 2 release only
figure 1 - Turbine hood ventilation
Page 18/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
d
=
3
m
d>5m
h>2m
COMBUSTION
AIR
VENTILATION
AIR
TURBINE HOOD
See
note
Dilution ventilation > 90 Vol./h
P = Patm + eps + 50 Pa
Safe area
See
note
COMPRESSOR
d>2m
Turbine hood
VENTILATION
AIR
UNIT ENCL.
Adequate ventilation 12 Vol./h

P = Patm + eps
See
note
d>2m
Unit enclosure
P = Patm
Note : damper to be closed in case of CO2 release only

d
=
3
m
d>5m
h>2m
See
note
COMBUSTION
AIR
VENTILATION
AIR
TURBINE HOOD

P < or = Patm
Safe area
See
note
GENERATOR
d>2m
Turbine hood
VENTILATION
AIR
UNIT ENCL.
Ventilation ~6 Vol./h
P = Patm + 50 Pa
See
note
d>2m
Safe area
Unit enclosure
P = Patm
figure 2 - Unit enclosure in hazardous area
Page 19/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
d
=
3
m
d>5m
COMBUSTION
AIR
See
note
=
3
m

P > or = Patm
Safe area
VENTILATION
AIR
TURBINE HOOD
See
note
COMPRESSOR
Turbine hood
VENTILATION
AIR
UNIT ENCL.
Adequate ventilation 12 Vol./h

P = Patm - 50 Pa
Unit enclosure
See
note
P = Patm
Safe area

d
=
3
m
d>5m
See
note
COMBUSTION
AIR

P = Patm + eps - 50 Pa
Safe area
VENTILATION
AIR
TURBINE HOOD
See
note
GENERATOR
Turbine hood
VENTILATION
AIR
UNIT ENCL.
Ventilation ~6 Vol./h
P = Patm + eps
Safe area
Unit enclosure
See
note
P = Patm
Safe area
figure 3 - Unit enclosure in safe area
Page 20/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
5.2.3 Unit enclosure

If necessary, unit enclosure of the totally enclosed type, shall be rendered safe as follows:
Unit enclosure containing a secondary fuel source and surrounded by an external
hazardous area shall be adequately ventilated.
Unit enclosure containing a secondary fuel source and surrounded by an external safe
shall be adequately ventilated and under-pressurised at 50 Pa.
Unit enclosure, containing no fuel source and surrounded by an outside Zone 2 hazardous
area shall be maintained at an overpressure of 50 to 70 Pa with respect to all surrounding
classified areas with potential openings to the room including the turbine hood itself. A
pressure switch shall give an alarm if the differential pressure drops below 50 Pa.
Refer to figures 2 and 3 (Unit enclosure in hazardous area and Unit enclosure in safe area).

5.3.1 Fuel gas system
The fuel gas lines shall be fitted with a double block and bleed assembly, installed inside the
turbine hood, and which will de-pressurise the fuel-gas system to a flare or external vent fulfilling
the requirements set forth in section 4.3.1. The closing time of these shut-off valves shall not
exceed one second. The double block and bleed assembly shall be controlled by the turbine
control and shutdown system. These dispositions do not apply to the gas motor starter.
Other fuel gas-related equipment located inside the turbine hood shall be minimised and limited
to the fuel flow control assembly, possibly the VENDOR KO pot and associated block valves.
PLA NT
SD/ESD
TURBINE
ESD
TURBINE
SD
or
To flare
or vent
or
Fuel gas in
Unit enclosure (if any)

Turbine hood
ESDV
Note 2
Note 1
KO
pot
Fast clo sing

shut-off
valves
Fuel con tro l

asse mb ly
To combustion
chambers
Note 1 : only on e jo int/flange allowed if pip ing insi de u nit enclosure but to ba avoided if possible
Note 2 : ESDV to be outsid e u nit enclosure or 15 m away from turbin e h ood.
figure 4 - Typical fuel gas distribution

In addition each individual fuel-gas line to gas turbines shall be fitted with an ESDV located
outside the unit enclosure, if any, and/or 15 metres away off the turbine hood in the absence
of unit enclosure. Piping between ESDV and double block and bleed assembly should be
welded and shall have no more than one pair of flanges inside the unit enclosure.
Page 21/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
All equipment pertaining to the fuel gas system (but not part of the turbine package) such as
block valves, control valves, filters, scrubber, etc. shall be located outside the unit enclosure, if
any. Said equipment shall also be positioned with due respect for possible ignition hazards such
as exhaust gas chimney, etc. The ESDV shall be controlled by the plant (or platform) ESD
system and possibly, as per VENDOR's recommendation, by the turbine control and shutdown
system. Refer to figure 4 - Typical fuel gas distribution.
5.3.2 Vents
All degassing vents shall be collected to a (preferably) single pipe disposing outside the turbine
hood and away from ignition sources.
Turbine lube oil tanks shall be provided with a vapour extractor, and vapours shall be vented to
the atmosphere through a pipe opening into the outlet of the main exhaust chimney.
All vents shall be fitted with a flame arrester.
5.3.3 Lube oil system
Lube-oil piping serving the machinery shall be designed and installed to minimise the possibility
of lube-oil spillage in the event of severe machinery vibration. Lube oil spillage should be
minimised in size and duration.
The need for post-lubrication to protect the machinery bearings and shaft shall be balanced
against the fire damage from allowing the leak to continue. Supplementary protection devices,
such as PSLL sensor on post-lube pump discharge, shall be assessed with VENDOR.
5.3.4 Electrical equipment
Power transformer located inside unit enclosures shall be of dry type. Oil-type power
transformers shall always be installed outside the unit enclosure.
5.3.5 Ignition sources outside turbine hood
Any electrical equipment outside the turbine hood (power generator or auxiliaries) shall be
suitable for use in the type of hazardous area that prevails, actually either Zone 2 or safe area
(refer to section 4.3.4).
The surface temperature of driven equipment and auxiliaries (including exhaust piping), when
located in a hazardous area, shall not exceed 80% of the expected gas/air mixture ignition
temperature in C, or 250C by default. This requirement can be fulfilled either by thermal
insulation or by construction. It is emphasized that this demand is difficult to fulfil and requires
utmost attention from design and construction engineers.
5.3.6 Ignition sources inside turbine hood
Refer to section 4.3.3. There is no particular requirement regarding the thermal insulation of hot
parts inside the turbine hood provided the emergency ventilation meets the requirements of
section 5.2.3.

For more information on fire and gas detection refer to GS EP SAF 312. Fire and gas detectors
shall trigger ESD actions detailed in section 5.5.
Page 22/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
5.4.1 Fire detection

Turbine hoods shall be protected with at least two Ultra-violet/Infra-Red (UV/IR) detectors (with
logic one out of two (1oo2) or one out of n (1ooN) if n > 2) and at least two Rate of Rise (ROR)
detectors (with logic two out of two (2oo2) or two out of n (2ooN) if n > 2).
Gas compressors in unit enclosure shall be protected with two UV/IR detectors (with logic one
out of two (1oo2)) and two Thermostatic (TS) or ROR detectors (with logic two out of two
(2oo2)). Gas compressors in open air shall be protected with fusible plugs or two UV/IR
detectors with a one out of two (1oo2) logic.
Auxiliaries in open air shall be fitted with UV/IR (with logic one out of n (1ooN), n being possibly
equal to one) or fusible plugs.
Note: UV/IRs can be replaced by IR3s (Infra-Red, 3 channels) where applicable and suitable for
use.
5.4.2 Flammable gas detection
Flammable gas detectors shall be installed in the following locations:
In all combustion and ventilation air intakes, either to turbine hood or unit enclosure, if said
air intakes are in the restricted area (1)
Inside turbine hood, preferably close to where the ventilation exhaust opens
In unit enclosure ventilation exhausts if unit enclosure contains a fuel source
In unit enclosure, close to possible source of gas e.g. around gas compressors and in
particular close to shaft bearings, where there is a heavy concentration of valves, flanges
and fittings in a small space (2).
Flammable gas detection shall be achieved through a one out of n (1ooN) logic in turbine hood
and unit enclosure and either through a one out of n (1ooN) or a two out of three (2oo3) logic in
ventilation air intakes, if avoidance of possible spurious trips is at a premium. Flammable gas
detection shall trigger ESD actions detailed in section 5.5.
Note 1: It is reminded that logic action is different depending upon whether gas is detected in
the ventilation/combustion air intake (in which case it denotes an external gas leak) or inside the
hood/enclosure (in which case it denotes a gas leak from within the hood/enclosure).
Note 2: Flammable gas detectors can be installed on seal gas vent lines too, but their role
being to monitor the status of the seal system, these detectors are not the subject of the present
specification.
5.4.3 Smoke detection
Power generators in a unit enclosure shall be protected with two Iogic detectors with a two out
of two (2oo2) logic.
5.5 ESD
5.5.1 ESD
Gas turbines shall be connected to the installation ESD system that shall stop turbines in the
concerned fire zone(s) or unit(s) in case of ESD-1 or SD-2. Signals from the installation ESD
system shall be routed to the turbine individual ESD system but shall also actuate directly,
Page 23/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
through a dedicated hard-wired connection, the turbine fuel ESDV. Refer to figure 5 - Typical
shutdown logic diagram.
Gas turbines shall be provided with an individual automatic ESD system, part of the turbine
package, initiated by (as a minimum but not limited to) local gas detection, local fire detection
and local manual action. The individual ESD system shall stop the turbine, trigger the active fire
fighting means when relevant (e.g. CO2 discharge in case of fire detection in turbine hood) and
close the fuel ESDV.
Note: Gas detection in ventilation/combustion air duct shall be sent back to the installation
ESD/F&G system that shall triggers relevant ESD-1.
5.5.2 SD
Gas turbines shall be provided with an automatic individual SD system that shall either stop the
turbine when operating or latch the start-up sequence when attempting to start. Inputs to the SD
system shall be manual pushbuttons and mechanical failures (speed, lube oil, temperature,
vibrations, etc., as per VENDORs and COMPANYs specialist recommendations).
Refer to figure 5 (Typical shutdown logic diagram).

In addition of requirements set forth in section 4.6.1 and as per NFPA 68, gas turbine units
enclosed in bearing structures shall have provisions for venting an internal explosion with
minimum structural damage. Protection of gas turbines units against an external explosion shall
fulfil the demands set forth in the STATEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS.
The turbine hood and the unit enclosure, if any, shall be made of incombustible materials only
(M0 or M1) and shall adhere to the general requirements of section 4.6. In addition the unit
enclosure, when existing, shall be fire-rated as follows:
A-0 for gas turbines not handling other hazardous material than their own fuel supply and
enclosed in bearing structures
H-0 for gas turbines handling other hazardous material than their own fuel supply and
enclosed in bearing structures.

Any gas turbine hood shall be protected by a CO2 total flooding system (refer to NFPA 12 and
GS EP SAF 331) or alternatively by a water mist system (in which case water a particular
project specification shall be issued). The use of Halon or any halogenated substitute is
prohibited.
Inert gas concentration inside the hood shall be held as long as the hazards of hot metal
surfaces above the auto-ignition temperature and uncontrolled combustible liquid flow exist and
at least 20 minutes. It shall be assessed with VENDOR whether additional discharge is
necessary.
Page 24/38

Date: 10/05
INSTALLATION
ESD/F&G SYSTEM
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
FIRE ZONE ESD-1

UNIT SD-2
GAS DETEC.
AIR INLET
(2)
(1)
(1)
PB
TURBINE ESD
or
MECHANICAL
FAILURE (4)
NORMAL VENTIL.
FAILURE
ESD GAS
GAS DETEC.
INSIDE HOOD
INDIVIDUAL AUTOMATIC
SD/ESD SYSTEM
FIRE DETEC.
INSIDE HOOD
(1)
PB
or
EMERG. VENTIL.
FAILURE
TURBINE SD
or
CLOSE FUEL ESDV
SHUT-DOWN NORMAL VENTIL.
SHUT-OFF FUEL SUPPLY
START EMERG. VENTILATION
RELEVANT MECH. ACTIONS (4)
&
ACTIVATE ACTIVE Fi-Fi MEANS
CLOSE FIRE DAMPERS
INHIBIT EMERGENCY VENTIL.
or
(3)
Note 1 :
dedicated hard-wired connection.
Note 2 :
gas detection in ventilation/combustion air duct triggers tubine ESD but also sends unprocessed
signal to installation's ESD/F&G system for concerned fire zone ESD-1.
Note 3 :
unless normal ventilation meets requirements for emergency vetilation (suitable zone 1).
Note 4 :
as per Vendor's and TEP specialist recommendation.
figure 5 - Typical shutdown logic diagram
Page 25/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
Risk shall be assessed for auxiliaries located outside the enclosure (turbine hood and/or unit
enclosure), and in particular fuel stations, lube-oil system, start pack any other equipment
handling flammable or combustible products. Where found necessary, hazardous auxiliaries
shall be protected by deluge (water + foam concentrate).
Dry chemical portable extinguishers shall be provided close to entry doors to enclosures, and
close to hazardous auxiliaries.
5.8 Miscellaneous safety requirements

In addition to the general miscellaneous safety requirements listed out in section 4.8, particular
attention shall be paid to the following:
The fuel-gas system inside the turbine hood shall be limited to what is strictly necessary.
The drainage of hot parts, and in particular combustion chamber of dual-fuel turbines,
shall be routed outside the enclosure through an automatic purge valve.
Turbo-starters driven by gas taken from HP or MP process are to be avoided. Where
inevitable, their design shall be submitted to COMPANY for further approval.
6. Diesel engine specifics

This section is applicable to the set composed of Diesel engines, their auxiliaries (fuel system,
cooling system, lube system, start pack, ventilation, etc.) and driven equipment. Driven
equipment shall be sorted out into two main categories: no fuel source (power generator, air
compressor, etc.) or secondary fuel sources (gas compressor, oil pump, etc.). That later
category shall entail additional safety related requirements.
This section is applicable to all Diesel engines, without any limitation in power output, regardless
of their type (naturally aspirated, turbo-charged, mechanically supercharged engines), cycle
(four-stroke or two-stroke engines) or cooling system (liquid cooled or air cooled). However a
particular attention shall be paid to air cooled engines considering that surface temperature
limits might render this design impractical.
Rules and recommendations contained in this section are valid for permanent fixed and
transportable engines that are likely to stay running for more than one hour in any location, such
as temporary power generation units, transportable pumping or air compressor units, wire-line
units. Vehicles are excluded from the scope of this specification.
installation of diesel fuel engines with regard to the risk of ignition/explosion.
6.1 Layout
6.1.1 General
Diesel engines and associated auxiliaries and driven equipment shall be located in accordance
with the general specifications GS EP SAF 021 and GS EP SAF 253. They should be preferably
located up the prevailing wind from process units and other fuel sources.
Minimum distance between Diesel engines, auxiliaries and driven equipment and the unit
enclosure, if any, shall be at least 1.5 metre.
Page 26/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
6.1.2 Hazardous areas

Diesel engines are strictly prohibited in Zone 1 hazardous areas and in Zone 2 hazardous
areas where group IIC gas (e.g. hydrogen, acetylene, etc.) may be present. Diesel engines shall
not be installed in areas where liquid hydrocarbon spillage may occur that would result in the
release of vapours with an auto-ignition temperature lower than 135C.
o un
ab
re
dary n ot encroac
ENGINE
s
gine
en
es
ENGINE
g
to
ng
in
hin
on
t
on
oe
a boundary en
cro ac h
ing
us
s a re
Ha za
r do
ou
rd
ACCEPTABLE
Ha
z
ACCEPTABLE
Min. dist.
between
units
ENGINE
ENGINE
ENGINE
ENGINE
Unit edge
Unit edge
Unit edge
ng
o
rd
a boundary en
s are
croac h
ou
in
t
on
oe
ng
in
es
es
gi n
en
Ha
za
Haz
ard
o
e
ar
to
us
NOT ACCEPTABLE
ndary encroach
bou
i
ENGINE
ENGINE
ENGINE
Unit edge
Unit edge
figure 6 - Diesel engines in hazardous area

Diesel engines can be installed in a Zone 2 hazardous area only if said hazardous area is
generated by the engine driven equipment itself (compressor or pump), its skid mounted
appurtenances (scrubbers, filters, pulsation dampers) or by an adjacent engine driven
Page 27/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
equipment, of the same type and pertaining to the same functional unit. Process vessels shared
by several engine driven compressors or pumps shall be considered as a separate unit, distinct
from the Diesel engines' and associated driven equipment (see figure 6 - Diesel engines in
hazardous area).
All diesel engines and driven equipment shall be grouped together in one functional unit
separated from other units (process or utility) by minimum distances as per GS EP SAF 021.
Diesel engines in hazardous areas driving different type of equipment (e.g. compressors and
pumps) shall be grouped in different units segregated as per recommendations above.
If these requirements could not be matched or if the sources of ignition (in particular the turbocharger, refer to section 6.3.8) could not be immediately shut-off but the diesel engines had
nevertheless to be installed in a hazardous area, then the only alternative would be to install
each engine in a dedicated, totally enclosed, gas-tight enclosure fitted with adequate,
overpressure ventilation.
6.2 Ventilation
Diesel engines, their auxiliaries and driven equipment, shall in any case be adequately
ventilated even if driving an equipment that does not constitute a fuel source.
In open air and sheltered areas, this requirement is normally achieved by natural ventilation. For
partially or totally enclosed areas, it shall be checked if adequate ventilation (12 air changes per
hour) is sufficient to ensure enough cooling ventilation. If not, ventilation flow rate shall be
increased accordingly.
In case of doubt concerning the efficiency of natural ventilation of sheltered areas, the engine
shall be installed in an enclosure provided with forced ventilation. In this case air shall be drawn
at least 2 metres away from the limit of the nearest hazardous area.

The recommendations developed in following sections 6.3.2 through 6.3.8 are applicable only
to Diesel engines installed in Zone 2 hazardous area or to diesel engines located in a safe
area but that have an essential service and shall remain in operation after the worst gas
leak considered as a credible event has occurred in the fire zone
6.3.1 Minimisation of fuel sources
All Diesel engines, regardless of the service (emergency service or continuous duty) they
provide, the area (safe or hazardous), where they are installed and their nature (fixed versus
portable), shall be equipped with an automatic engine speed governor with automatic shutdown
in case of overspeed and a fuel shut-off valve.
Diesel engines installed in Zone 2 hazardous areas shall be equipped with an additional
protective device consisting of a combustion air shut-off valve that shall obey the same logic as
the fuel shut-off valve.
Fuel day tanks shall meet the requirements of NFPA 37, section 6.
6.3.2 Starting system
Starters shall be suitable for use in Zone 2. The discharge from de-compressor valves shall be
vented into the flame-proof enclosure (see section 6.3.6).
Pre-heating devices, if any, shall be installed within the flame-proof enclosure.
Page 28/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
6.3.3 External rotating components

Cooling fan blades shall be non sparking (material and tip clearance).
The surface electrical resistivity of plastics or composite materials shall not exceed 109 . The
shroud shall be bonded to the engine. Drive belts shall satisfy the electrical resistance
requirements of ISO 1813 and ISO 9563.
6.3.4 Electrical apparatus
All electrical apparatus including wiring shall be suitable for Zone 2 and shall comply with
requirements of GS EP ELE 079. Electrical equipment shall be grounded and bonded to the
main engine frame.
6.3.5 Surface temperature limitation
Protection against ignition by hot surfaces shall be provided. The maximum permissible surface
temperature shall be the auto-ignition temperature of the flammable atmosphere by default
250C.
In line with current revision of EEMUA 107, and although permitted by IP Code, Part 15, no
credit shall be given for safety margins even where ventilation is more than adequate. These
limitations are not applicable to the turbo-supercharger, if any, that may constitute a hot spot
providing dispositions disclosed in section 6.3.8 are fulfilled.
Where more than 10% weight of a component is present in the flammable gas, and has an
individual auto-ignition temperature lower than that of the mixture (if known) or 250C by default,
this component auto-ignition temperature shall be considered as the auto-ignition temperature
of the mixture.
6.3.6 Separation of fuel sources from ignition sources
Separation of fuel sources from ignition sources shall be ensured by a proper design and
construction of the inlet and exhaust systems. The inlet air system and exhaust gases system,
from the inlet flame arrester to the exhaust flame arrester and inclusive of, shall constitute a
flame-proof enclosure (refer to figure 7 (Diesel engine schematics): that can withstand the
i
b
Air
in
c
e
Crankca se
explosion
vent
Eng ine
g
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
d
a
Exhaust
out
Air inlet cleaner

Air inlet shut-off valve
Inlet flame arrester
Turbo-charger or blower
Inlet manifold to engine
Crankcase explosion vents
All comp onents with in d otted line

constitute the Flame Pr oof Enclosure
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
Exhaust manifold
Turbo-expander
Exhaust gas cooler
Exhaust flame arrester
Spark arrester
Joints and flexibles
figure 7 - Diesel engine schematics
Page 29/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
overpressure developed during an internal explosion and prevent the propagation of the
explosion to the surrounding atmosphere.
Two cases shall be considered:
The inlet and exhaust systems are ducted from/to non hazardous areas, with a safe
clearance of 2 metres. The flame proof enclosure shall be capable of holding a test
pressure with air at 0.2 barg with a loss of less than 40 mbar in 3 minutes after removing
the air supply and inlets and exhausts on the engine side of turbo-chargers or engine
driven blowers shall be capable of holding a test pressure with air at 2.5 barg with a loss
of less than 40 mbar in 3 minutes after removing the air supply.
Where inevitable that inlet and exhaust systems are ducted from/to hazardous areas,
such as for temporary and transportable wireline units or engines that shall be operated
during the emergency and that take their combustion air from within the flammable gas
restricted area, a particular specification shall be issued.
6.3.7 Component characteristics
The air inlet cleaner shall be the first element of the aspiration air system, it is compulsory but
is not part of the flame-proof enclosure.
The air inlet shut-off valve shall be upstream of the inlet flame arrester but is not part of the
flame-proof enclosure. This valve shall close automatically when overspeeding or emergency
condition (gas, fire, etc.) occur. The fuel supply shall automatically shut-off when the air inlet
shut-off valve closes and the engine shall not be capable of running while this valve is closed.
After tripping, this valve shall remain closed until manual reset.
An inlet flame arrester, not interchangeable with the exhaust flame arrester, shall be
located downstream of the inlet shut-off valve, as close as possible to the inlet manifold,
but upstream of the supercharger, if any. This component is part of the flame-proof
enclosure.
Engine crankcase shall be fitted with an explosion vent which shall be equipped with a
flame arrester, part of the flame proof enclosure, too.
An exhaust gas cooler shall be fitted downstream of the turbo-expander; it shall preferably
use jacket cooling water circulation as a cooling medium. Exhaust gas temperature
downstream of the cooler shall be such that the skin temperature does not exceed 250C
by default.
An exhaust flame arrester shall be located as close as possible to the exhaust manifold,
but downstream of the supercharger (if any) or the exhaust cooler. This component is part
of the flame-proof enclosure.
In order to prevent the emission of sparks to the surrounding atmosphere, a spark
arrester shall be fitted between the exhaust flame arrester and discharge to atmosphere.
Flexible metallic pipes are to be avoided. Where inevitable, they shall have
demonstrated a fatigue life of at least 107 cycles of service amplitude.
6.3.8 Turbo-charger
The turbo-charger is the single most critical component of the system. However its high
temperature generates locally favourable convection that generally prevents flammable gas to
stay long enough and/or close enough to hot surface to ignite.
Page 30/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
The presence of a turbo-charger is therefore allowed providing nothing impedes natural

ventilation in its vicinity, it is suitably protected against possible projections of flammable liquids
and its skin temperature never exceed 250C. The piping between the turbo-supercharger
exhaust and the exhaust gas cooler, although slightly less critical because colder, shall be as
short as possible.

Fire and gas detectors shall trigger ESD actions detailed in section 6.5. For further details, refer
to GS EP SAF 312.
6.4.1 Fire detection
Diesel engines shall be protected with two UV/IR (or IR3s) detectors (with logic one out of two
(1oo2) and two TS detectors (with logic two out of two (2oo2)). Fusible plugs are regarded as an
inferior alternative but can be used on isolated units.
Gas compressors in unit enclosure shall be protected with two UV/IR (or IR3s) detectors (with
logic one out of two (1oo2)) and two TS or ROR detectors (with logic two out of two (2oo2)).
Gas compressors in open air or sheltered area shall be protected with fusible plugs or
two UV/IR detectors with a one out of two (1oo2) logic.
Auxiliaries in open air shall be fitted with fusible plugs. For further details, refer to GS EP SAF
312.
6.4.2 Flammable gas detection
Flammable gas detectors shall be installed in the following locations:
All combustion or ventilation air intakes if said intakes are in the restricted area
In unit enclosure ventilation exhaust if unit enclosure contains a fuel source
In the unit enclosure close to possible source of gas e.g. around gas compressors and in
particular close to shaft bearings, where there is a heavy concentration of valves, flanges
and fittings in a small space.
Flammable gas detection shall be achieved through a one out of one (1oo1) logic and shall
trigger actions detailed in section 6.5. For further details, refer to GS EP SAF 312.
6.4.3 Smoke detection
Refer to section 5.4.3.
6.5 ESD
6.5.1 ESD
Fixed Diesel engines shall be connected to the installation ESD system that shall stop all
engines in the concerned fire zone(s) or unit(s) in case of ESD-1 or SD-2, except those required
for ER (e.g. fire water pumps and possibly essential generator in some cases). Signals from the
installation ESD system shall be routed, through dedicated hard-wired connections, to the
engine individual ESD system. All signals from the installation ESD system shall be of the "failsafe" type. The only exception to this rule shall be the inhibit to start in case of gas detection
that shall be of the "energise to actuate" type.
Page 31/38

Date: 10/05
UNIT SD-2
SD-3
(2)
(2)
(2)
PB
(1)
(1)
OTHER SPECIFICS
ENGINE ESD
ENGINE FAULT
SD/ESD SYSTEM
(5)
INSTALLATION ESD-0 OR FIRE ZONE ESD-1
OVER-SPEED
INSTALLATION ESD/F&G
SYSTEM
(3)
FIRE DETEC.
AROUND ENG.
Rev: 02
GAS DETEC.
AROUND ENG. (4)
GS EP SAF 222
PB
(1)
Note 1 :
Note 2 :
Note 3 :
Note 4 :
Note 5 :
Note 6 :
INHIBIT START-UP
CLOSE AIR SHUT-OFF VALVE (6)
CLOSE FUEL-SHUT-OFF VALVE
STOP ENGINE
ENGINE SD
except diesel driven fire water pumps.

gas detection around engines may trigger fire-zone ESD-1.
in the absence of engine gas-tight hood, gas detection in ventilation
or combustion air duct or around engine are equivalent.
to be assessed on a case by case basis if fire detection around
engines triggers ESD of concerned engine or fire zone ESD-1.
when installed.

(Assuming F&G detection is performed by installation F&G system)
Page 32/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
Diesel engines shall be provided with an individual automatic ESD system, part of the package,
initiated by fire and/or gas detection (1) and local manual action far enough from the unit to
remain accessible in case of fire. The individual ESD system shall stop the engine (2) or prevent
it to start-up in case of gas detection and trigger the active fire-fighting means, when relevant.
Refer to figure 8 (Typical shutdown logic diagram).
Note 1: It is assumed that, unlike turbines, diesel engines are not equipped with their own local
F&G system and that fire or gas detection is performed by the installation general F&G system.
Note 2: Engine driven fire-water pumps are kept running even in case of local gas detection or
ESD-0, providing they have been started-up while their selector was set on automatic mode
(refer to GS EP SAF 261 and GS EP SAF 321).
6.5.2 SD
Diesel engines shall be provided with an automatic individual SD system that shall stop the
engine when operating. Inputs to the SD system shall be at least:
Engine in
safe area
Engine in
Zone 2 area
P < 73.5 kW
P 73.5 kW
Any P
PSLL and/or LSLL lube oil
X (2)
X (2)
TSHH and/or LSLL engine coolant
X (2)
X (2)
Safety device
Automatic speed governor
NSHH (overspeed)
TSHH lube-oil
TSHH and/or LSLL exhaust coolant
TSHH exhaust
Fuel and air shut-off valves (3)
Note 1: Or remaining in operation in case of fire detection in the fire zone.

Note 2: If the engine is intended for emergency use only, alarms are permissible in lieu of
actions.
Note 3: Air shut-off only if engine in Zone 2 hazardous area.

As per NFPA 68, Diesel engine enclosures enclosed in bearing structures (this arrangement is
not recommended) shall have provisions for venting an internal explosion with minimum
structural damage. Protection of Diesel engine against an external explosion shall fulfil the
demands set forth in the STATEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS.
The engine enclosure, if any, shall be made of incombustible materials only (M0 and M1). In
addition to the general requirements of section 4.6:
Page 33/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
The unit enclosure, if any, of Diesel engines not handling other hazardous material than
their own fuel supply and enclosed in bearing structures shall have a fire rating of at least
A-0
The unit enclosure, if any, of Diesel engines handling other hazardous material than their
own fuel supply and enclosed in bearing structures shall have a fire rating of at least H-0.

It shall be assessed whether Diesel engines and their auxiliaries are to be protected with Active
Fire-Fighting (AFF). Totally enclosed diesel engines can be protected by total flooding of CO2 or
high expansion foam, preferably AFFF type. Partially enclosed or outdoor Diesel engines can
be protected either by a fixed water deluge with AFFF solution or a dry chemical fire
extinguisher.
Driven equipment, either generator, pump or compressor, located either inside a unit enclosure
or in open air, shall be protected as per GS EP SAF 311.
Risks shall be assessed for auxiliaries located outside the unit enclosure and in particular day
tanks and fuel stations, lube-oil system, start pack any other equipment handling flammable or
combustible products. Where found necessary, hazardous auxiliaries shall be protected by
deluge (water + foam concentrate).
Dry chemical portable extinguishers shall be provided close to entry doors to enclosures, and
close to hazardous auxiliaries.
Fixed AFF systems, if any, shall be activated automatically upon fire detection, manually
through a local fire call point, outside the enclosure and possibly through a remote action in
main control room.
7. Gas engine specifics

This section is applicable to the set composed of gas engines, their auxiliaries (fuel system,
cooling system, lube system, start pack, ventilation, etc.) and driven equipment. Driven
equipment shall be sorted out into two main categories: no fuel source (power generator, air
compressor, etc.) and secondary grade release (gas compressor, oil pump, etc.). That later
category shall entail additional safety related requirements.
This section is applicable to all gas engines, without any limitation in power output, regardless of
their type (naturally aspirated, turbo-charged, mechanically supercharged engines), cycle (fourstroke or two-stroke engines) or cooling system (liquid cooled or air cooled). However a
particular attention shall be paid to air cooled engines considering that surface temperature
limits might render this design impractical.
In the absence of any particular project specification or local regulation, COMPANY's design
shall be based on NFPA 37 and all requirements applicable to Diesel engines for layout,
ventilation, prevention of hazards, shutdown, passive protection and active fire-fighting in hereabove sections 0 through 6.7 are valid. However due to the presence of the fuel-gas and
engine spark ignition systems, both presenting specific hazards, a few additional features,
more stringent than those applicable to diesel engines, shall be implemented. The
development that follows clarifies these specific demands and deals with them as exceptions to
the rules applicable to Diesel engines.
Page 34/38

Date: 10/05
GS EP SAF 222
Rev: 02
installation of gas engines with regard to the risk of ignition/explosion.
7.1 Layout
The rules set forth in section 6.1.2 and applicable to Diesel engines are also applicable to gas
engines. If these requirements could not be matched then the only alternative would be to install
each gas engine in a dedicated, totally enclosed, gas-tight enclosure fitted with dilution,
overpressure ventilation.
7.2 Fuel-gas system

All gas engines, regardless of the service (emergency service or continuous duty) they provide,
the area (safe or hazardous) where they are installed and their nature (fixed versus portable)
shall be equipped with:
An automatic engine speed governor with automatic shutdown in case of overspeed.
A double block and bleed assembly which shall shut-off the fuel-gas supply in case the
gas engine stops for any cause and de-pressurise the fuel-gas system to a flare or vent.
The closing time of the fuel valves shall not exceed one second. The double block and
bleed assembly should preferably be sited inside the engine enclosure, if any.
A common ESDV shall be fitted on the header supply fuel-gas to all gas engines
pertaining to the same functional unit. This ESDV shall be 15 metres away off the closest
engine skid limit. If gas engine are installed inside gas-tight enclosures, then each
individual fuel-gas line to each engine shall be fitted with its own ESDV.
Fuel-gas ESDV(s) shall be controlled by the installation ESD system through dedicated
hard-wired connection(s), shall close in case of fire zone ESD-1 or unit SD-2 and possibly,
upon VENDOR's recommendation in case of engine shutdown.
A relief valve on the downstream side of the regulator. The relief valve shall be connected
to the outside of the enclosure, if any, and shall discharge more than 1.5 metre away from
any enclosure opening.
Where necessary (depending upon pressure regulator type and location inside an engine
enclosure) a vent shall be provided discharging the regulator gas outside the enclosure
and more than 1.5 metre away from any opening,
Gas engines installed in Zone 2 hazardous area or gas engines located in a safe area but
have an essential service and shall remain in operation after the worst gas leak considered as a
credible event has occurred in the fire zone, shall be equipped with an additional protective
device consisting of a combustion air shut-off valve that shall generally obey the same logic as
the fuel shut-off valve.
7.3 Spark ignition system

Gas engines installed in Zone 2 hazardous area or in safe area but have an essential service
and shall remain in operation after the worst gas leak considered as a credible event has
occurred in the fire zone shall fulfil the same requirements as those applicable to Diesel engines
as per section 6.4 of the present specification, plus:
They shall have spark-protected magnetos or distributors and coils and have all leads
positively attached. Ventilation openings in such devices shall be adequately protected by
Page 35/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
a fire screen (acting as a flame arrester) unless the device is purged, pressurised, or
otherwise protected.
High voltage currents shall not be distributed to spark plugs and induction coils shall be
attached to spark plugs.
Ignition wire shall be positively attached at each end by use of the outer sheath of the
insulation.
Spark plugs shall be fully shielded against flash-over. Fully radio-shield spark plugs or
spark plugs provided with insulating boots are acceptable.
7.4 Fire and gas detection

The requirements applicable to Diesel engines (refer to section 6.4) are also valid for gas
engines.
The only substantial differences come from the presence of the fuel gas system around the
engine that shall require the installation of flammable gas detectors on an ad hoc basis.
7.5 ESD
The requirements applicable to Diesel engines (refer to section 6.5) are also valid for gas
engines. The only substantial differences come from:
The fuel-gas ESDV, common to all gas engines when in sheltered are or open area, and
that shall be closed in case of fire or gas detection around any one of the engines
And a fuel gas very high pressure signal that shall trigger the ESD of all gas engines fed
through the same fuel-gas network.
It is assumed in the typical logic diagram proposed hereafter (refer to figure 9 (Typical
shutdown logic diagram) that gas engines are installed in open air or a sheltered area (hence
adequately ventilated) but not in a totally enclosed area. This entails the following
consequences:
A fire or gas detection around any one engine triggers the emergency shutdown of all
engines and possibly an ESD-1 of the concerned fire zone, if advisable
There is no logic difference between gas detection around an engine and gas detection in
its ventilation/combustion air duct.
If a gas engine is installed in an individual enclosure, similar to a turbine hood, then a particular
specification shall be issued which will retain, in their principles, all precautions applicable to gas
turbines (refer to section 5.5) at least as far as ventilation and its interlocks with ESD system is
concerned.
Page 36/38

Date: 10/05
UNIT SD-2
SD-3
(2)
(2)
(2)
PB
PS Fuel gas
HH
(1)
(1)
OTHER SPECIFICS
ENGINE ESD
ENGINE FAULT
SD/ESD SYSTEM
(5)
INSTALLATION ESD-0 OR FIRE ZONE ESD-1
OVER-SPEED
INSTALLATION ESD/F&G
SYSTEM
(3)
FIRE DETEC.
AROUND ENG.
Rev: 02
GAS DETEC.
AROUND ENG. (4)
GS EP SAF 222
PB
(1)
Note 1 :
Note 2 :
Note 3 :
Note 4 :
Note 5 :
Note 6 :
CLOSE FUEL ESDV
INHIBIT START-UP
CLOSE AIR SHUT-OFF VALVE (6)
CLOSE FUEL-SHUT-OFF VALVE
STOP ENGINE
ENGINE SD
except diesel driven fire water pumps.

gas detection around engines may trigger fire-zone ESD-1.
in the absence of engine gas-tight hood, gas detection in ventilation
or combustion air duct or around engine are equivalent.
to be assessed on a case by case basis if fire detection around
engines triggers ESD of concerned engine or fire zone ESD-1.
when existing.

(assuming F&G detection is performed by installation F&G system)
Page 37/38

GS EP SAF 222
Date: 10/05
Rev: 02
8. Enclosed process unit specifics

This section is intended to provide guidelines for the design of enclosed process units, such as
oil/gas/water separation units, condensate recovery with propane loop, fuel-gas skids, etc.,
i.e. containing no or few machinery. This section does not replace good engineering judgement.
8.1 Layout
In addition to the general guidelines listed in section 4.1:
Enclosed process units should be considered mainly as fuel sources and shall be
separate from ignition sources such as fired heaters, flares, etc. Equipment that is not
compatible in a same unit shall be located in different enclosures.
Process units in partially enclosed areas should be located down the prevailing wind from
the ignition sources and up the prevailing wind from the other fuel sources in open area.
This guideline is less essential for the location of totally enclosed process units.
Ventilation air intakes to enclosed areas (either partially or totally) shall be sited in a safe
area, and should be up the prevailing wind from the rest of the installation.
It shall be assessed whether the ventilation exhausts can be fuel sources (for instance
exhausts from enclosures containing fuel sources and/or are pre-purged) and then they
should be properly located and/or elevated considering the surrounding ignition sources.
Space reservation and handling devices shall be provided around, and possibly above
enclosures for working access, inspection and maintenance, and change-over of any
piece of equipment.

8.2.1 Minimisation of fuel sources
In addition to the general guidelines listed in section 4.3.1: primary fuel sources that are not
inevitable shall be gathered and discharged outside the enclosure (degassing vents, etc.);
combustible inventory inside the enclosure shall be minimised; storage of hydrocarbon and in
particular LPG, methanol, etc., shall be located outside or in dedicated independent enclosures.
8.2.2 Minimisation of ignition sources
In addition to the general guidelines listed in section 4.3.2: fired heaters or any naked flame are
prohibited inside process unit enclosure. Catalytic heaters are prohibited. Where necessary,
heating shall be performed through HVAC system located in a dedicated independent
enclosure.
8.3 Fire and gas detection

In addition to the general guidelines listed in section 4.4, the manning level and frequency of
visits in enclosed process units shall be evaluated and the need for toxic gas detection shall be
re-assessed accordingly.
Page 38/38

GS Ep Saf 222a

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Exploration & Production

Safety rules for machinery and equipment handling

Addition of EP root to document identification and replaced

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Old TotalFina SP SEC 222

Exploration & Production

Purpose of the specification...............................................................................................4

Fire and Gas detection ....................................................................................................12

Passive protection ...........................................................................................................13

Active Fire-Fighting (AFF)................................................................................................14

Miscellaneous safety requirements .................................................................................14

5. Gas turbine specifics ............................................................................................ 16

Fire and Gas detection ....................................................................................................22

Passive protection ...........................................................................................................24

Active Fire-Fighting (AFF)................................................................................................24

Miscellaneous safety requirements .................................................................................26

6. Diesel engine specifics......................................................................................... 26

Fire and Gas detection ....................................................................................................31

Passive protection ...........................................................................................................33

Exploration & Production

Active Fire-Fighting (AFF)................................................................................................34

7. Gas engine specifics............................................................................................. 34

Fuel-gas system ..............................................................................................................35

Spark ignition system.......................................................................................................35

Fire and gas detection .....................................................................................................36

8. Enclosed process unit specifics.......................................................................... 38

Fire and gas detection .....................................................................................................38

Exploration & Production

Exploration & Production

Antistatic endless V-belts

API Publ 4615

Emission Factors for Oil and Gas Operations

Recommended Practice for Analysis, Design, Installation, and

Recommended Practice for Fire Prevention and control on Open

Recommended Practice for Design and Hazards Analysis for

Recommended practice for classification of locations for electrical

Carbon dioxide extinguishing systems

Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines (< 5.5 MW)

Guide for Venting of Deflagrations

Electrical Generating Plants ( 5.5 MW)

Publication No. 107, Recommendations for the Protection of

Area Classification Code for Petroleum Installations. First edition

Exploration & Production

Total General Specifications

Electrical apparatus for potentially explosive gas atmospheres

Safety rules for buildings

Impacted area, restricted area and fire zones

Emergency Shut-Down and Emergency De-Pressurisation (ESD

Rules for the selection of fire-fighting systems

Guidelines for selecting and installing fire and gas detection

Fire pump stations and fire water mains

Fixed fire-water systems

CO2 fire-extinguishing systems

Alternative to Halon in fire extinguishing systems

Foam fire extinguishing systems

Passive Fire Protection

3. Terminology and definitions

Same as Fire Protection, Active.

Any building, room or enclosed space within which, in the absence

Open air situation where vapours are readily dispersed (COMPANY

Exploration & Production

Area within an open area, where ventilation is less than in a true

General term used to describe the range of possible actions