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MYSTERIES Of THE
UNKNOWN
By
Books
CONTENTS
The
Essay
Rite of Belonging
CHAPTER
Brotherhoods
Old
of
10
Essay
The
Patriots of
Freemasonry
73
CHAPTER
A Man
of
Many
Sects
113
CHAPTER
From Theosophy
to
Modern Art
157
Bibliography
170
Picture Credits
172
Acknowledgments
173
Index
173
''
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Fii!*!T3i WIIMIifti'
CHAPTER
Brotherhoods of Old
ugust
1,
1984,
Andy
now
he was
at the mill,
what appeared
playfully tossed
it
to
toward a co-worker,
what looked
to
be a
fell
human
who dodged
it.
As the object
men
hit the
found themselves
foot.
was county
ar-
chaeologist Rick Turner. The authorities quickly determined where the foot
called
in-
were able
to determine that
that
had been
it,
in
thirty
years old at
built,
the evidence
it
his
life
to
an
elite
so-
Man
bore
murder.
There was no evidence of a struggle. He had been knocked unconscious by two blows to the head, scientists concluded, then garroted, and
finally
made
As
far
Man, and
how
Some
was a
member
Druid, a
much
populated
best,
of the Conti
and
By keeping
human
on
peo-
sacrifice as part of
to
was
this
may mean
generally
trines
advent of
formed
bannock
and
beliefs,
by committing
orally.
choosing instead
all
learning to
Modern knowledge of
spiritually uplifted
dom
is
Roman accounts
transmitting
it
thus based on a
that
refers to a
is
known
con-
rituals are
secrecy
group whose
but
whose doc-
meaningful only to
it
were usually
common
in the
felt
circle
times.
It
endows
draws people
that
ini-
confers a feeling of
to the
evil intentions,
earliest
glamour-and,
a sinister appeal
to
some deeply
human need
Secret sects exist both in primitive and in technologi
memory and
the Druids
mem-
activities are
and shared a
special
One
and
tiates. In its
it
membership
An ancient
its
spring.
bership and
the ages.
knowledge handed
of a special
be
sense of exclu-
down through
and
their followers a
sivity,
ceremonies. Food
their religious
practice
orally
at
Irish epic
ple,
and on some
people
who
second- or third-hand
of the pagan,
cally
is
that they
were
ot prehistoric
Age
re-
cave paint
tribal rites
meant
to
summon game
girls
tribe.
and
Other
for religious
and
Knights Templars.
ritualistic
Common
Some came
is
organizations, which
the Assassins
(a
Christian Crusaders)
tion
and a modern-day
an
had
its
special beliefs
toms. But
all
and
of their
rituals, its
different as
who murdered
fraternal organiza-
initiation ritual.
it
among such
Elks.
membership accord-
to
undergo
re-
an oath of allegiance.
tion of
advance
Initiates generally
to a posi-
to bring
good fortune.
Another
present,
is
link
among many
and
thrown
onysus,
Isis
and
Osiris,
and others-were
could assure
an individualized
for
its
religious in nature
A number
was
these
6-9).
grew out of
cults or
mind" (seepages
which flourished
until
town of
about
much
and are
AD
in
fertil-
One
of
Greece
395. Cen-
hon-
was
needs of
many
it
The mystery
unfulfilled.
left
the spiritual
cults attended to
rion,
world.
to allow
meaning
"that
which
is
Persephone to
live
on earth
eight
months of
the
cult fol-
harvest,
Persephone was reborn each spring with the new crop, and
cults
usually
went on
of sacrifice
and
for
rites.
Festivals of initiation
rebirth.
in a secret
drama
-concepts
any
fully
day-to-day
living;
intellectual level
they operated
As the Greek
hope of eternal
fruitful
was
grief.
again This
became
rit-
alini-
life.
usually lacked
to
life
in
and
by joining
spring.
The
in
ini-
Greek
city-states
in
be
the
partici-
and Eleusis
in
Followers of Dionysus
myrtle,
life.
achieved union with their god through drink and dance, the
honoring a holy
to join in
on Greek religious
effect
were called on
all
whirling
maenad
and
god of
sacrifices to the
izing
its
into a
number of existing
license.
state cults-the
one
at Eleusis
and
with tambourine and torch engages a satyr in the orgiastic dance practiced
Roman wine god associated with Dionysus. The small slate panel, inlaid with
the first century AD. It was salvaged from the rubble of a house in Pompeii.
and merriment
until, just
the procession
was met by
a group of
was planned
to
was more
Eleusis, there
was joy
men who
hurled in-
according to historians,
night of rest.
All
revelry
when
fasting
and more
sacri-
initiates
for a
torchbearer to appear at the door and bid them enter. Inside, a ritual
life
cult,
to
and eaten by
est generation of
Greek
fertility,
was incorporated
in
new
rites
revelry,
and
time,
The Dionysian
cult
seventh century
BC and
cult,
deities. In
made up
the old-
response, an enraged
launched a
hail of
and fed
to Zeus.
light.
dramatic blaze of
killed
ceremony culminated
in a
in-
a hindrance to spiritual
were completely
was
to
From
was
reborn.
human
race.
To
so could his
faithful
human
evil,
myth con-
and
that as Dionysus
was
reborn,
worshipers be.
^s^^^?ssz^^
who founded
on
a sect based
own
his
and immortality.
The Roman writer Apuleius was
life
own
initiation
and
second-century-BC
as an impediment to the
ual
life
Osiris in
spirit
cius,
treatise.
story, Lu-
commenced
his in-
Dead. After a
bath
ritual
this
knowledge. Initiation
into these cults
and the
was
led
by a
where he stood
When
the soul
be set free
The
cults of
they believed,
it
would
Italy,
Roman
By the
soul.
first
century BC,
Rome
tell
how,
at midnight, the
saw
The mystery
cults cap-
and
Osiris,
an Egyptian sect
Dionysus, and
Isis
like
and
was
as grisly as that of
it
Osiris, ruler of
seemed
whom
to
infernal, before
Isis
and
greatest flowering
among
the
Romans. The
it
to the
Roman
by his
represented good,
cast
upon the
and the
ruler
was
To the Egyptians,
widow,
restored to
Osiris
by
symbolized the
annual restorative
Osiris
col-
life
embraced the
flood.
exhilarat-
forces of
Some
evil,
evil.
As
was locked
in eternal battle
sacrifice. In
who
with the
others that
and
embodied the
"1
saw
"I
Mithra had
Osiris
that
that dated
The story of
sex.
most
Isis
and
to the
their
by a shaft of light
the cult of
was taken
was
Isis,
told "se-
greatest following in
priest
it
was
a sacred bull
bull's
spirit
all
of
a
the
life
made
richer
and more
Mithraism had
cultural
rite,
its
and
fruitful
*,,
ritual
ceremony was
Mithraic
tiate's
baptism
placed great
and the
sacrifice of a bull
The Mithraic figure Aion was said to represent time and to hold the keys to the world beyond.
lion head allegedly denotes summer and the
god's fierce temperament. The snake around his
body represents the underworld and is symbolic of
the cold aspects ofAion's nature. Aion's menacing countenance, scholars believe, reveals that
Mithra's followers recognized the power of
time and looked to their god for salvation.
The
roots in an agriit
cults,
the
ini-
nean mystery
|P
in its blood.
to
Ujf
Mem-
by undergoing a special
ation, tests of
sponded
initi-
phor
seven known
celestial
and
spirits.
but,
birth
tian Eucharist, in
and wine as
the
was
itself
for
those
in-
same time
mans embraced
the Ro-
the Mediterra
in his 51
BC
Bello Callico
Gallic War),
power of
the immortal
in
a society without
memorizing
Chris-
Celtic
laws and
epics.
fM
whom
^^
^P
al
state
served as
observances,
ritual
knowledge
Christ,
a "mystery" originally
performed only
things, the
T-Nico
and
movements, the
25, recog-
The
religious
all
Christ's
literary
(Commentaries on the
sym-
faiths
have played a
work Commentarii de
to
only oversaw
setting
woodland
The
were wor-
pire.
in the mist-
few Greco-Roman
for the
to the
at
forest of Gaul
shrouded
planets,
cults,
commanders
in battle,
IB
^L
knew
used
the herbs
for treating
They
and plants
noxes, initiation
various
ail-
was claimed
named Fingen
May
^%C
of an Irish Druid
that he could
smoke from
Day,
commemorated
feasts
his chimney.
night, according to
in a
minated by bonfires, an
in cultural
mid-
at
one source,
ed young children
traditions
alleg-
were
celebration of Beltane, or
al
it
rites
illu-
initiate
some day
some
El-
Druidic
and passed
who
oak
of Celtic society
tree.
A white-robed Druid
and
golden
be
known
charge
came
plant, believed to
to
generally as Druids
spirit
embody
the
each week
Many
were
and animal
Celts
were said
December
most certain
25;
summer
sacrifices
is al-
it
that during
some
solstice
placed person
This skull, set in the doorpost of an
ancient Celtic temple, was thought
to lend power to those inside and to
protect them. Ancient Celts not only
hunted their enemies' heads, they
also worshiped the human head,
believing it contained the soul.
were un-
to celebrate the
winter solstice on
Druidic festivals
fell
it
a highly
ill the
Dru-
humans as well.
Caesar claimed that the
pagans constructed huge,
human-shaped wicker cages, crammed them with vie-
ids sacrificed
iVi-
when
still
wore about
Although
ones offered
substituted
were
in
he ex
to the gods,
Druidic religious
were
members
if
among
the subjugated
decree
the need to do
was
gion,
a campaign
"When
human
to
they at-
and
man by
in the
victim
fell
to say,
likely
The slaughter
do not stray
in
re
practice
human
sacrifice.
in their
in the
sacred
at
mains
Still,
every-
short
down
historical narratives
Roman
embellished
proved powerless
tales:
women
Caesar most
Roman historian
Roman boats
Tacitus, as the
dead, Dio-
northwest coast of
distinguished
Some
a knife-stab
dorus went on
sect.
confrontation took
last ves-
pagan
in-
later
was launched
final
reli-
tiges of the
54, a
issued abol-
sacrifice.
AD
Celtic tribes. In
their fellow
reported scenes of
power
political
ids'
Some
rites,
malefactors
if
short supply.
thorities in
Roman au
ity,
effectively
cient world
Only
in
in the
an-
tra
times,
in
Some
tain
splinter groups,
however, mainto
be the mysti-
Garbed
fect "ideal"
in
initiation cere-
ain.
sites
to these megaliths,
to
inhabit a
body and
a world of
live in
knowledge revealed
to
sin.
solely to
them by
Christ,
arrival of Druids in
seemed
to
which
to
By about
AD
rites
of
pagan
its
earth
faith.
Roman
officially
belief with
more
sanc-
tion
some common
to
some
AD were
number
libera-
bols as talismans
centuries
group to seek
were a closed
society; they
scholars,
other
and proof of
initiation,
members
and
were
and
to identify
to
employ
themselves to
of the sect.
A more extreme form of this dualistic religion was Manicheanism, named after its founder, the Persian sage Mani.
of
dif-
mainstream Chris-
beliefs
was
tian faith.
AD
2 1 5 to a family
whose
religious
and he studied
Plato
latter
aralleling the
first
Some
all
faith in reincarnation.
the
and according
flesh
paths.
alacrity than
with Druidism
and the
Initiates
ally.
were once
Brit-
be drawn
who
throughout
beings
spiritual
known
religious philosophy in
King Shapur
::
I.
Mani and
own
AD 240,
his followers
about
A Study
in Contrasts
As a young Welsh doctor
was
William Price
dox
beliefs.
became
a land
ill,
in the 1830s,
a tangle of unortho-
He thought
if
patients
known
for
lamb, Price
Christian
be a reincarnated Druid.
On a trip to France in 1839,
Price allegedly
was
in-
bard
sing the
in the act
of addres-
and
ligion
would be
Dressed
in a
restored.
trousers,
The
final act
of Price's curious
drama
Hewing
the judge,
was committed
to the flames
scarlet suit,
hangs from a
tree.
Bahram
to get rid of him.
Mani was imprisoned, and
in AD 276, he was crucified
and his corpse flayed.
I,
on the Manichean
ried
tradi-
rites
began
to
much
of the
The
appear throughout
religion
known
world.
sometimes took
new
and the
kingdoms of
light
evil.
They
farther
tianized
it
it
advanced
figurative language,
more
echoed
in the
ars, the
for
With
in their
far
into
what
is
now western
were even
returned
home around AD
AD
created a
China and as
fertile
atmosphere
flourish.
It
which mystithis
period of
ings, the
new
in
was during
and
in
mingling of beliefs
centuries
been held
its
example,
Mani traveled
later
ness.
to
rid
Chris-
The Cabala as
king,
22
it
is
came under
into
spell-
wide
the influ-
in
south-
belonged
to followers
unintelligible,
knowledge possessing
est
foundation
to the
may be
original
its
traced back
An important early
that study was the
were based on
God and
mystical view of
is
to tradition,
Mt. Sinai
and
sixth centuries
AD.
In
received,"
and according
first
in
was Moses on
cre-
it
who
used
Sefer Yezira
text
of hu-
ing "that
the pur-
Command-
is
a term relat-
Moses,
it
was
believed,
Pentateuch, the
the Bible.
first five
books of
ied
tion,
it
originally
sefirot
embod-
universe
itself
unfolding.
esoteric,
of
all
to
Hebrew
al-
it
came
the creation.
to
the mystic
God
on
be worthy of
a system of
letter o\ the
the apprehension of
The Sefer
meanings of each
firot,
life,
mankind and
landscape to be explored
ten by a Spanish Jew,
sort of
was
writ-
in the thirteenth
cen-
in this spiritual
Moses de Leon,
journey
The
thought
cient mystical
mystical
commentary on
the Pentateuch.
It
tury.
and Christian
came
contained a
named
Pico
for Pi-
was
was
shattered
in
epoch
in
It
this
it
it
came
to
called Hermeticism.
in a
body of
known
named
is
much
in the
religious turmoil,
when wide-
was
spurring the
Catholic church
for its
The
and
among paganism,
Hermet-
as the Cor-
unknown, was
numbers,
letters,
Hermes Trismegistus
in the
power of
certain
tradition
was an Egyptian
Pharaohs, and that he was a
might
sage living
times of the
Juda-
early Christianity.
In
texts
be known, com-
were contained
artists
movement
was
Protestant Reformation.
was
was
spread corruption
Florence
about
in part
its
was constructed
of
They aspired
and
view
is
grounded
in the
little
that everything
in the
planet,
much
where
the powerful
and on
to rise
celestial world,
evil, spirit
cultivating the
it.
Renaissance, with
24
to a particular
its
were drawn
it
seemed
to
magic because
some mea-
to offer
Many
of the
devil.
same
fac-
ils,
Christian Cabala
were also
and
later
magic
in
both
its
positive
it
word
cabal, of a se-
in the
a corps of enthusiasts
dedicated to spreading
sadesthe Christian
its
effort to
was
er parts of the
said to
in his
grasp of Kabbalistic
the
lore,
Muslims were
height,
and Christian
at their
soldiers
his
own
writing.
The most
was
German scholar.
Reuchlin was so excited
and
his friends,
He defended
trines
literature.
accessible. Taking
up the torch,
Cabalistic
in turn,
He-
Pico's doc-
magic more
Empire.
doctrine.
growing
wandered Europe's
ly
mag-
ic.
was attacked
and
unfairly as a
in the
Roman
fol-
ways of its
clergy.
From
its
was
saw
the
reli-
also a time of
in
exchange
for
Ramon
Ramon
Perched
among
man
ic
living a life of
believed in reincarnation;
one
failed in
life,
if
a person
religious ornamentation.
services
Church
money.
It
was
pomp and
ern
Italy,
faith in secret.
ful
it
first in
first
perfecti, or
least
order to redeem
who
life
rite
he led
tion.
and indeed
all
There the
by a church
like the
all
an
initiate
was denied
To avoid tempall
contact with
ordination that
he or she gave up
came not
on
humankind by dying on
two
official religions.
came through
as Wal-
known
of
north-
known
some
that
unseemly
was
initiate replied to
elder,
then promised to
live
God and
first,
it
it
life
of poverty,
the gospel.
win Cathars
29
in the
Thought
to
harbor treasure,
Montsegur came under repeated attacks from Catholic crusaders. In March 1244, after a
back
to the fold
cian
monks
led by the
conversions,
boos and
whose own
efforts to
political control of
Count Raymond
Catholic authorities
came
to a
lay
under the
VI of Toulouse, himself
Innocent
literally
III.
that
he
(a
once and
for
all.
French knights,
my
was
the
first
crusade c
it
reqi,,
the
forward to gar
reasons. This
mounted knights
major
at the
massacred almost
all
in
Catholic, he
is
many who
In their first
to distinguish
When
between
them
was
the papal
heretic
and
God
will
all.
strong,
and the
and secret
cells of the
Cathar
last
faithful
armed
resis-
another half-century.
on
followers
its
sands of
was
perfecti,
A measure
be martyred. Thou-
sometimes starved
to
They
some chose
the Cathar
rite
of
Only young
their willingness to
them ready
they
fell
for
into a
were carried
who
sects
all
were as benign as
one story he
set
down was
now-famous
When
in the late
nestled
who belonged
to the cult.
prophet
found
the fruits
at its
entrance by a well-
Muhammad's
all
Guarded
to those
it
could be
wine
Initiation
master or
word
bic
peared
hashishin,
in the
is
sect derived from the Ismaili religion, the Assassins believed that there
and
were seven
that divine
juncture
each stage of knowledge. According to some nineteenthcentury accounts, the revelations at each
all
that
new
level
was
to young
for their
kill,
came
to
in the
this
travels to China,
sur-
experienced
revealed:
negated
stage, the
Heaven and
evil
He
whose
weapon was a dag-
of assassins, warriors
preferred
whom
death
reli-
man who
kill
in
orthodox
in fear
124,
to
[Ha-
it
is
said that
of his
and with
more
life."
to a
in the late
many of the
state of
city
earlier,
rule at the
yet another
and surrounding
end of the
territories
war
existed
in
Few me-
new
First
Cru-
forces,
In
religious order
policy,
was
came
to
officially rec-
be known, as
radically at
class,
odds with
traditional
33
was with
church
were a warrior
in
it
the service of
religious order.
Though serving
order dedicat-
on
were constantly
welcomed
this militant
site
city of
first
in
Udbadl
and the
18
ic
Israel)
now
is
to
city's
more
what
splintered,
had returned
(in
thirteenth century by
out-terrorize
fear.
Man
awe and
the Old
In 1095,
to
view them
faith
of Sufism,
like
of self and
become
the devotee
was
toward illumination,
cleansed.
He was
who
initiate
dhists. In turn,
a craft guild
in
show
scribed
order
sacrilegious plun-
was
It
was
ed each of the
in part to
many
prior head-
sades were
initially
to the
class,
Templars had
its
was
his
views on
them
laborers
who
emony
vows
way
of pover-
chastity,
if
they
to admitting
monks.
lived in every
like
was probably
drafted by Bernard.
strict silence
disease,
at
ice
included
It
and
if
family, debts or
he owed allegiance
to
swered
fully
nov-
become
were forbidden
to kiss
even
their
white mantle
As
for family
to retreat
of rules.
One
was
were forbidden
onswhich,
for practical
clearly
his
after
washed,
The Templars'
One was
plars
their battle
and
ing
rigid hierarchy.
down
was
activi-
the collec-
army
in a series of fortifi-
home
ay.
Tem-
were
organized according to a
to a
rumors about
tive
founders.
came
fall
the winding
pose. Another
Tem-
a red cross
fed
and
two
its cloisters;
investi-
were leveled
li-
ture
Tem-
viewed
within
ties
for run-
of Knights Templars.
expelled from
was
to
Finally the
2:
monks in
the upper-
moned by
a demon, perhaps
representing Baphometa symbol of the prophet Muhammad, whom the Templars were
accused of worshiping.
37
from
gifts
~,-f~f-
estates,
...u;u
skill
taxes.
The Templars
their
revenues with
manage
Bound
-,,-
deMo/
It
for gold
Paris,
Jacques
A number
much
of
their gold
vowed to engage in homosexual activities and blasphemous practices such as spitting or urinating on the cross.
for
the stoutest
Europe.
all
307 arrest in
became bankers
and most
was
=^k
devil,
sometimes
in the
under the
known
tail
times as an icon
wars should
came on
coffers.
when
dom.
Philip
October
France (him-
to
Templar
commanded
in his king-
rendered
oil
The begin-
Friday,
Philip IV of
and other
as Baphomet.
less
stuffed
human head
name
Muham-
or a jeweled skull
was
part of a
this
more gener-
all
sovereigns
<
the
Middle East,
Flemish
illustra-
making
officials
was
to
for
be burned
at the stake.
life
Molay
by publicly declaring
impudence, de Molay
forty days,
to final
and
Philip
much
abic,
and
in contrast to
Many
fol-
lowed the Arab fashion of wearing beards. And they occasionally fought side
Arab factions
typified the
in the internecine
Muslim world.
warfare
Critics of the
that,
then as now,
Templars pointed
reborn in
new
have
members enjoyed
far
Most historians
dis-
to Islam
is
known
to
have converted
is
also a
descended from
for
On
measures
to extract confessions
from
in the
later, in
were burned
at the
admission
in
of the
Temple dissolved.
Templars
who had
not
to join
exalted status; at
individuals
design,
was
to
somehow
for
embarked on a
universal
However
odyssey of
to
their
own
be denied.
'
Kali
and
practical:
It
made
the
Some
travelers
from attack.
were immune
Women,
for
century, included
Hindus, but
back
instance,
all
Muslims and
Thugs claimed
and
the
mon
Ac-
lore.
called a
rumal
her foes.
for strangling
Once the
devils
were
killing,
They
would help stamp out evil, she
said and earn a good living too,
since Thugs also robbed their victims.
Most of the time, Thugs lived outwardly
respectable lives, usually as craftsmen
was
their
to avoid being
fifty
Thugs
deception. In
fact,
the sect's
name
derived
They
joined parties of traders or pilgrims and
accompanied them until a chance for
murder arose. When the time was right.
for deceiver.
:iT1
dignity befitting
killers
deemed
their ho-
in
-.r
aloft
under a
The
rite
an omen of ap-
lize
for
home
had a
what the
which he held
r^J"""-*
eration to generation.
secret
initia-
gen-
its
tion rites
ly calling.
them
tight, all
the while
sheep to a blood-smeared,
Kali. Next to
flower-bedecked image of
It
is
victims died at
last
knife,
British rulers
Thugs mutilated their victims' corpses, ritualstabbing the face and dismembering and
gutting the body. The remains were usually
buried afterward, although if a well was
ly
IMeafli
of flie Deceivers
i
'
In 1826,
civil
about
likely future
seizing
tion
about the
sect,
Sleeman
in
an 1851 portrait
tried,
glers
troops,
Sleeman
ers.
specialty,
the brotherhood,
commissioned
one for Windsor Castle.
^^r
British c
tachmenc
troops
army, ambush a
in this nineteenth
graving. Despite their
Rehabilitated Thugs atjubbulporepose atop one of their carpets in this 1874 photograph.
Their most famous rug, the one
commissioned by Queen Victoria for the Waterloo Chamber
at Windsor Castle, was an elaborately patterned giant that
CHAPTER
were accustomed
that greeted
to seeing
in
One version
to those
in their
who
midst and
was prepared
we wish
or
to
whom
masques how
visible."
and we
will
will
it
contacted
men
all
those
who
wish
to
visible, invisible,
and from
invisible,
to the
how
or
be recognized and
due course.
in
Parisians
fear
and
hostility.
new group
relationship
ing authority.
It
Having
just
of nonconformists
who promised
was
well
known
in
in
emerged from
ritual to
tolerate a
We
tical
invisibly in this
Church
to
membership "to
and
High
to bring true
sought enlightenment.
in
no mood
France that
this
brotherhood,
to
mys-
to redefine the
exist-
commonly
in
Ger-
spokesmen
for the
with Satan.
One
Ones" and
had convened
ed to
was
mission
their
This tract
each;
city
supposed evildoers.
Another commentary, entitled the Mercure de France,
went
to declare that
on
two hours
plots
their
members
messages and
Paris,
arrival
of the Rosicrucians in
after the
were hatched,
the city
had created
widespread panic,
bath, at which a
splendidly arrayed
guests
in a
came time
awesome
fore his
who
cloud
in
vanished
when
it
to settle
that transformed
self into
it-
base slate
and sac-
person's departure.
Several innocent
all
the rites
izens
Sa-
awoke
in
cit-
the
stowed marvelous
paritions looming
over them, and
would always be drawn to listen, to disguise themselves so cunningly that they would always ap-
wisdom
and
to
that people
keep
ably through
their
purses forever
filled
All
in
when
task of identifying
fraternity
by out-
communicate with
the people, or be
sians
who
and
Pari
band of
%
followers.
No one,
M\iu\\toti\\
And
1623.
brotherhood
was caught
few,
ans
to deal
common
the
in
England,
Ita-
and
if
who
to the
any, Europe-
answers.
All that
trafficking
all
would any
from
the Netherlands,
ly,
anyone who
swiftly with
to judge
part, the
Church promised
it
work
allegorical
ment. For
an
Fratemitatis,
any
to report
little
man-
who espoused
new
person
interest in a
vigilance
promote
with,
communicated
later
is
promises of a universal
it
witch
or devil worshiper.
many
had
arrived.
Paris in the
ers
first
and
just a
German
plot of
some
come
-40j
kind
to the ancients
known
to
man."
It
is
more
likely,
all
English or
fol-
to
was
movement
of Egypt or India, on
it
the other
Fama and
suppress the
Or perhaps, as one
secret brotherhood
to
suddenly as they
and
all
fif-
the
What
mean,
in the first
tatis ?
Fama
name,
who
Fratemi-
German, but
is
name
is
it
in
ficulty
ters
is
have deliberately
Mary and
cate
two sym-
womb
"
modern secular
that
blossoms
Sacred Rose
Over
human
in diverse
it
is
foundation. Written
mythologies
all
also can be
made
outlook, se-
who
ment
was known
the
that wishing
so or as an attempt to
it
group, of
most
Fama
name and
purports to
anonymously
in
tell
the story of
its
its first
Fratemitatis of
subsequently published
ele-
in several
languages. The
was
first
town of Kassel
in
western Germany.
Readers
study-ros being
in the
was
hope
fabri-
ancient his-
Latin for
this
that clearly
the brotherhood by
suffering.
A case
document
un-
liest
about to
some competing
in the
womb, and he
discredit
Any examination of
all
Mary."
conscious, as a maternal
set
it
would make
and
would appear
most
dif-
consensus on mat-
to a
way
In
coming
origin, ritual,
all.
the cross
is
it
kreutz does
conjecture and
much
With so
name
were
who
Aristotle,
that
esteeming Popery,
show
And
ing.
nestly,
this
we
and from
say
"And
it
shall
Arabia at
... in writ-
whosoever
unto us"
will
sons
est
anyone think
in practical
come
be beneficial to him
testify, that
is
World,
knew
how
when
either
it
very well
to
make
how
to transform
medicinal
elixirs,
Egypt,
in
in a
gistus, the
to relate the
life
magic and
and
to
Hermes Trisme-
was introduced
known
to
based on the
of the Rosy
light
Africans exchanged
in
1378 somewhere
edge
placed him
young
monk on
in
knowl-
his innocence,
where he
ways
to
use
it
for the
new wisdom.
men
in the city.
And
to the
derision
knowledge,
their obstructive
and
hostility: "It
name should be
was
to
great
wisdom
right.
he, in turn,
In
trou-
Christian faith.
own
state of
furtherance of his
during a stopover
amended
for the
ideas and
as the Cabala.
and
new
skills in
he
Germany, the
Unable to care
and philo-
sophical wisdom.
is
alchemy was
gold and
many
physics, alchemy,
crucians
to a
them mathematics,
little
whom
in the plain-
sents publicly
fount.
city called
its
shall ear-
lessened,
if
they should
many
that their
now
again
years' errors."
of
50
tions
no more receptive
iards
had been although some among them did demonan avid interest
strate
to
alchemical
in his
which he of
skills,
Germany
to meditate
on the
folly
of his
fellow
wisdom he had
write
down
it
dawn
books
intellectual ref-
and
spiritual
that
more auspicious
of a
moral and
the scientific
let all
in
With so
era.
until the
much work
to
be
become
his helpers,
and
in this
manner
Christian
Rosenkreutz and his colleagues formed a new quasimonastic order, the Brothers of the Rosy Cross, or Rosicrucians,
the
whose
way
was
to
show
Corpus
Spirit),
Domus
Sanctus Spi-
monks
to initiate another
eighth
their
son
to
for
the
them
to
li-
no
further rea-
wisdom
to every cor-
ner of the earth. Before parting, they agreed upon six basic
them was
and that
to exercise
their
none of
and renew
whom
to
he would transmit
all
his accu-
on
RC -presum-
senkreutz's name.)
sicrucian order
And
and
its
special
knowledge were
to
Ro-
remain
Fama
their
year,
decade
(one of them
after
is
their
mandate year
and
after
said to
Then
were sworn
to
keep
tenets,
Sunday
may be
worthy successor
When
to
at the
Christi,
According to the
four
would follow
in
to others.
Work proceeded slowly, for there were many other demands on the Rosicrucians' time. The medical skills that Father Christian, as he was now addressed, had taught the
brothers became so well known throughout Germany that
the sick clamored at the Rosicrucians' doors. There was al-
ritus (or
to
monk's
the
Then,
in 1604,
rest
and renewal
including the author of the Fama, were engaged in a construction project at a hidden location,
when
came upon
most
likely in
Germa-
they
a mysterious
it
centei ol
.i
an
which was
fur-
shining within.
T- which
to the Bible,"
all
life
story;
that they
virtues, as also
little
Fama
<
described as "our
gi
work a figment of
nowned Swiss
the
the
Fama
author's imaginatic
bells,
it,
knowing
that
it
to
go
and sealed
mes-
new and
Ian
larger membership.
order's founder.
The presence of a work by Paracelsus apparently provoked no particular comment among the discoverers. But
it
real
name
philosophy.
said to have
could
if
all
after Christian
fessio Fratemitatis
Rosenkreutz
Latin, this
it
were
the order
work
Rosae
The
Crucis,
first
to disappear for
some
few additional
laid out,
reason,
the Con-
explicitly.
message of
It
was open
it,
belief,
Muhammad,
along with
its
condem-
ofJahobBoehme
Rosicrucianism 's spread
in
may
don
first
work, Auro-
ra,
as
and predestination.
Scholars see
man
mysticism
many echoes
dawn
in
of Ger-
Rosicrucian thought.
new
fact
seventeenth-century Germany
the
also offered a
in the
details
titled
in 1615. Written in
it
of these,
appeared
been buried.
Everything,
so that
decade
it
to cir-
when
German
a respected philosopher.
at the time.
53
well as those
the
new
who
science.
Perhaps most
significantly, the
that
"the great
new
stars in the
constellations Serpens
and Cygnus.
same year
in
vealed,
coming time
as heralds of the
"when
awake out
of
The
third
and
phers' stone, by
arising Sun."
last
book
romance,
venture
in
this slim
volume
as a "hermetic" or mag-
in
in
to
went
of
wedding of
who
spirit
England-an
details,
the others
like the
ly,
all
man
rope. In
au-
Ro-
sort of alchemy.
alchem
As
silver.
senkreutz as well as
considerably ad-
to attend the
seem
on the wedding
to
thor
means
The
ucated
man had
Germany,
rich allegorical
was
in the first
writings of Arabian
manner
of
trials,
ordeals,
for
and strange
was
in the great
in the
humanist
and
in the
new-
works
scientist.
in
honor. He
and
knew
=-
of visionaries
circle
brilliant
who had
the Reformation
it
was out
of some enthralling
less political
rope a
what
in writing the
mains unclear.
When Andrea
what
part he
Fama and
finally
petty princelings,
the Confessio, re
men
bly,
terials,
such as alchemical
secrets
philosophers' stone, to
a satire that
sums of money.
One notably
no time
did he or his
Tubingen
victim, a
any claim
the
so,
most
probably created
name
of Ludovicus
histo-
equivalent to $1,000
Andrea
all
foolish
Dutchman by
Even
inevita-
merely
credibility
foolish youth. At
a re
clergyman, on record as
it
Eu-
truth, the appearance of the three pamwas the cause of great excitement and ardent debate.
Armed with the visionary tracts, would-be Rosicrucians
calling
left
phlets
self
had
Whatever the
admitted author
was
far
maneuvers of
in
three
man
sist
disappear without
And
the
his purse
in the sincere
*ty
social
mate
tury
and
intellectual
-*
'
'
'
"
"1
iMi^^^^m
said
promote precisely
sire to
wide when
self-proclaimed Rosicru-
Utopian de-
gold making
With the
cli-
of litharge
Germany at the beginning of the seventeenth cenwas such that a group of young liberals might easily
in
(a
something he called
powder"
in actuality
an
inert red
powder
that
he had se-
cretly laced
up a
tiny
possibili-
on buying every
last
in the
crowns
in his
left
later.
No
with 20,000
covered that he had been duped: The expensive red stuff in his possession
was
worthless dust.
membership
supersecret order-especially
money
to
if
in the
there
was
just as diligent in
because of
its
show
seeking to
it,
heretical overtones
One prominent
worked hard
to
that
doubtless
its
and the
alleged
figure
who
Germany during
of 1619-1620. Descartes
An
first
when he was
the winter
was
at the
of
was
interests in philosophy
coveries that
laws
new
kind of
wisdom and
attention
II
of Hungary,
who
and private
the mathematics."
had a passion
Descartes evidently
made
his court
Rosy Cross
all
he
failed. After
several
brought him to
and the
He caught the
of Emperor Rudolph
natural sciences.
was
for
alchemy, and
the rendezvous of
months
Rudolph
secretary.
was
said
that the
elaborate hoax.
an
"invisible."
to find
upon
city
in fact, that
he began
The naturally
he no soon-
fever, for
for
reclusive philos-
it
for the
Rudolph
opher did the only thing he could think of to clear his name.
and
it,
last
lished.
ry or
nent
dition,
Among
most
the
influential
and
Paracelsian tra-
to the
mem-
brilliant
if
led
him
rather un
men
alchemy
in the
Upon Maier's
his interest in
in-
not
bers themselves.
bent,
to
is
became
crucians.
in
were
of Holstein, had
first
seemingly direct
to practical dis-
57
He explained
answer then
thai
.ill
that the
petitioners
was an
undergo
to
five
years
Isis
and
Osiris.
would be sworn
no way
to secrecy. Thus,
to assess the
number
and the
tions for
finite
cross,
life:
members-or
their quali-
Gaining
Those
who
wisdom) must
(a series
of
who
first
somewhat
spiritual transmutation, a
duced
apologetically,
that
little
development of themes
intro-
was
who
credible virtue"
He
own judgment
all
the arts,"
own
ar-
made
more confound
the ignorant."
vague references
church to be the
The
tenets
own
six-year tour of
sufficiently
Fraternity of the
titled
Rosy
its
Cross,
Now
was
his
intelligent reader,
is
city
among
acquainted with
an
countrymen. Fludd
of
between
was
six rules of
magic," of "perfection in
but
was
he
Viatorum,
that,
in
Atalanta Fugiens,
first,
have gained a
ies, titled
gued
(in-
momentum, Maier
and the
spiritual
oper-
descendants of
to
be a disciple
it
possible that
there
ty
was
"1
enough
movement,
to constitute a
in his opinion.
is
metic, algebra,
and
of Rosicrucian
dream
optics,
that
Rosy Cross."
humankind's
arith-
to express a kind
and he went on
all
be subjected
to the scrutiny of
in
By
his
own
testimony, Fludd
in 1637,
was directed
names of the an-
it
when he
died
at invoking the
est in the
gels.
and
all
as newer,
lectual
sci-
want-
in
England and
it
has
justice
that the
new
masons and
brotherhoods
among them-were
circumstantially,
frequently,
if
been associated
their critics,
seventeenth-century Rosicrucians
in
Oxford-
at right, is a central
tory.
man and
work
Macrocosm and
Microcosm sought a unity between the
macrocosmic universe and the microcrucian doctrines. His massive
called History of the
and
cosmos was
a dark, formless,
of
appeared a
about
of the
As Fludd saw
it,
the
raw material
first
bore.
cult,
Rosicrucianism reappeared.
It
to<
organizations-each claiming
different
much
Quincey,
established rituals,
in the
benign
Freemasons,
tical
who were
rr
enlightenment was
spiritual
lack;,
my
tion
gemstones. So
was
it
that those
inter-
(pages 86-89).
new
something
was heard
hundred years
little
like a
To be
sure, the
were not necessarily frauds and quacks; they may very well
own
have believed
er
still
deep-
emerge. As
is
and
it
is
much
this
to
explanation
is
lacking,
movement
in the first
cret arts"
concern
one of
all
manner
claims.
for evidence.
Sir
Richard Steele, in
state of
sim-
Then,
century that
their
who assume
the
Name
in
and earth
around the sun.
The sixth drawing linked Fludd's
spiritual
form of
in
Chaos
light
representing an-
the-
lower, seen
fiat,
fire
first
ry,
day
it
at his
command
In
the Histo
new
Names, have
their Signs
and Tokens
like
Freemasons but
fraternity,
described
it
Woman-
vows of chastity.
At the same time as the English group emerged, a
band of German Rosicrucians apparently came together
somewhere near Breslau, hard by the Polish border. Its
chronicler was one Sigmund Richter, who wrote under the
was any
the Reformation
rail at
crucian
work
entitled
cal Stone,
Perfect
According
and True
who
1710, he published a
minished
Richter's Rosicrucianism
some
mysterious
of
them
rituals.
was notable
He
the
Kll^
<J)m
52
finally di-
new em-
ordinances,
**^r
*N^>
for its
listed fifty-two
00 3*.
attitude of general
common
in force.
Cross.
claimed membership
He
to the Secret
In
distinction
nisi
4&rwfu
monished
that
"no Brother on
powder of the
first
projection, the
oil,
in
ing to
one
carried
on
used
gems
persons a black
themselves
to strangle
if
felt
to
be
re-
itualistic
or solution thereof."
known
As of
his training,
built at
The
initiate
was then
to kneel
and
it
in
life.
so
human
will
far
as they shall be
all
will
preserve
the days of
all
will
me commu-
that
my
made known
to
me.
will
discover
His
Word
shall help
will
show
promise
to preserve
my
as
life,
God and
The master who had trained the initiate then cut seven
new member's hair, wrapped each lock in a
Cross, sprang up in
was recorded
in their
sians,
uncommonly
and Armenians,
invited with-
orthodox Christians.
how
make
to
how
medicines, and
the water;
inhabited
to
gnomes
gold,
tame
useful
to prepare miraculous
through
how
fire.
five
lime wisdom.
First,
was promoted
to the
months he wore
for
seven
in cer-
the broth-
turned them
more important
making scheme
ets through
fees for
he very
much
women
desired
to-and
Elixir," pre
secrets.
However,
Amsterdam sometime
cret
branch,
me."
locks of the
er's birth
One
joined to silence.
was
tempted to
This
silk cord.
they ever
members
report,
their
that served to
membership
more
fill
was
it
would appear
chiefly a
money-
it
local popula-
ol
these
ofl
somebody that married a [woman] of great fortune in Mexico and ran away with her jewels to Constantinople; a
name
Germain a
Years
promised instruction
forthcoming; indeed,
imperator
was
man and
beast.
it
in "divine things"
was not
scoffed that he
If
later,
been brought up
No honest
gifted
priest, a fiddler, a
his origins,
him
was
in reality a
Some
doubters
German
by the Medicis.
in Italy
XV
London
ortorial
closely,
figure
who
hand-
profited
man was
in the
the
for
seems
to
enormous
he
organi-
Comte de
Men,
who
less a
Saint-Germain enjoyed
lives.
first
ist,
London of
and spoke
all
Latin.
classical
in
He was rumored
to
to
prolong
man
"He
was
is
was
occult, includ-
known
and
reli-
style.
consummate
ments.
said
in fact,
in a
to ac-
of extraordinary and
gious system
he
And Annie
own
many marveled
life;
had
was a man
mesmer-
who was
to recognize fraud,
Greek and
grand
never dies
demand
then in great
man who
Cagliostro,
hether Saint-Germain
violin
degree of skill
most
and
their like."
inexplicable talents.
seen
Italian alchemist,
knowledge
in
ishing talents
man
very
too,
The count
fitted
Rosicrucianism or very
possibly,
strictly rep-
revival
and
64
for
come
that
to live, although
siderably
thous;
traveled so widely
and
ossible.
may have
envisioned. Be-
him as "the
ty"
man
be a
of
friend of
humani-
greatest
philosophers
Count
lived."
who
And he
perform
all
ever
did in fact
sorts of Her-
new
to
Saint-Germain, he had at
playing
He did appear
le:
was
spirituality
many lansome
often, conversing in so
which was
a likely
hand
sleight of
in
which he transformed
roles.
flawed diamonds
The count
in-
to perfect ones.
Perhaps one of
the
most
intriguing
oddities surrounding
the count's
life
was
He
is
said to have
met
while a guest
of Prince Charles of
Hesse, from accidental
contact with
some
sonous substance
that
poi-
had
Yet even
in
death, Saint
Germain seems
to have lived
He reportedly was seen and
spoken with on numerous occasions
on
for
until
the year
typifies the
due d'Enghien
Berri in 1820.
body
that he
in 1804, the
It was as if the count wished to remind everywas truly immortal, beyond the earthly death
Rosicrucianism
last sighted,
and America. To be
political
to
sure, pseudo-Rosicrucians
were abroad
that
either
alive,
in ritual
and
in the
brotherhood. The
under
its
aegis were
entirely.
ry,
memberships
name remained
But then,
was
there
further
away from
the simple
development of
heightened
this
old brotherhoods.
chiefly
who had
left
cleric
name
man
turnaway
much magis
a micro-
cosm of the universe and that all things in the cosmos are
bound together by an invisible network of inner correspondences, occasionally revealed to mortals through signs and
talismans. But he
was
the
first
to
Transcendental Magic,
Its
Hebrew
letters
of the
in the tree of
the mysteries of
life.
In the unravel-
to
life.
66
movement,
this
to revive
FINIS
LATINORVM
became a no-
agement
in
problems of
and
in discover-
The
an ambitious
"mental processes
be-
membership of Rosicrucian
societies
sible to ascertain.
But the
to
1870s
in
its
An-
ly
In
866
English
144
members
in the
magus
(a
cian).
(a
zealot in
man
or magi-
pursuing enlightenment) to
wise
in
Germany,
for
con-
British
movement boasted approximately 500 followers. Eventually, however, some of the founding members decided to
branch out, and in 1887, a number of them organized a new
seems
India, the
the
to
or
same time, in France, Eliphas Levi's Cabalistic theories spawned additional Rosicrucian splinter
groups. The first of these was the Ordre Kabbalistique de la
At about the
inclinations
hierarchy consisted of a
there
all
first
when
brotherhood came
One member
1918.
was Josephin
pectant inertia
ized his
own
nothing
He went about
as the
mood
dack, which
who
in
suited,
was
The
first
ladan, a one-time
Become a
and he
bank
and
clerk,
had taken
Mero-
concocted from
to writing occult-
How
to
in starting
de Guaita's
was
in its practices
and
beliefs;
ment
was
in
what was
named
was
to
be a move-
changed
show
through
name
his
to
Max
in
headquarters
at his
search of followers,
in
who
Oceanside,
aged
helpers,
and
to
tobacco, alcohol,
renounce before
their initia-
himself chief
magus
trip
eastern Europe.
too pagan
at the
and occult
Fairy
officer in the
by a German immigrant
1890 organ-
erotic novels
an
was
to declare itself
When
a bastardized royal
the un-
Paris in
Each had
endow
Grail.
else,
it
tolerate ex-
Peladan,
of
to
de-
World, the
Carl
until
New
the
to
plays, in-
m\ order seems
nia,
in
Quakertown, Pennsylva-
World War
II
69
imagery that
reflects the
When
was
cian teachings.
published
ment, according to
there
America, which
in
official
ly
was founded
and
is
New
The
was
ble enterprise
cient
who exam-
papers, seals
the An-
(AMORC)
when
Rosicrudan order
Lewis and
group
American Council of
of San
first
the Order."
sae Crucis
official
York.
last
greeted by a gathering of
ined the
currently based in
Kingston,
AMORC's
of the teachings
in
AMORC
America,
were
Whatever
else
he might
tics
immigrated to Pennsylva-
nia,
seeking the
something of a genius
"elixir of life"
Germantown
of Philadelphia. The
til
when
1801,
it
is
jured as an end in
section
commuAMORC
seems to
the homes
founded in 1915
is
now
rest,
H.
produce a
in
first
arduous
task, studying in
among
issued
from certain French adepts both his rank and his authoriza-
and working
others
and some-
on an impressive
he spent
theless put
in
in the
on
New
an order
itself,
tion to establish
at pro-
continued un-
nity apparently
off
and running.
now
it
in
celain plate,
it,
Europe
who
rose,
were
was transformed
That
was-or appeared
membership
drives,
advertisements
to
all ri-
chiefly through
in
in
wanting
vance humanity"
to enroll
exchange
magic, and on
women
were "sincere
be powerful
it,
vals.
as well as men,
to better their
own
life
who
and ad-
instruction.
for a
new
$3.50, the
carried
ic
title
"Supreme Autocrat-
Commonwealth and Empire, France, SwitzerSweden and Africa." Upon Ralph Lewis's death in
the torch of leadership was taken up by a protege,
established."
the strength of
In
into
land,
1987,
accounts,
AMORC
boasts as
many
name
today.
as 60,000
far the
By some
members
in
100 American lodges and 26 affiliated foreign ones. The annual budget for advertising, printing, postage, and such
amount
$630,000
in
one recent
may
exceeding
year.
The headquarters
at
city
ing the
me master
mastery of
life.
hose
who pursued
their "discourses"
life,
of a science
to
They were
habits. Further-
enhance personal-
and generally
initiate
degree
their first
home
at
themselves into
full
member-
Rosy Cross,"
after
which
would
join a select
group
word peace.
that,
it
was
In
so
claimed,
Thomas Aquinas,
who
When
H.
full
members might
as associate
museum,
in
members have
modern planetarium, an
in the
the use
auditori-
and laboratories
biology, parapsychology,
and photography.
bussy. Those
a large Egyptian
In addition,
Saint
is
cosmic consciousness.
doing, they
is
collection of Egyptian
ship.
which
attain
Art Gallery,
ity,
Museum and
any,
if
someone
more than
else
half a century
cian, astrologer,
damuspenned one
for
Fama
place. But
Philosophers shall
and riches,
rise.
They
Germany, / They
shall
mountains of
to
support
particularly concerning
was not
entirely right.
But chances are that he would not consider himself altogether wrong, either.
known
as the Enlightenment,
we know
world as
growth
in
Although the fraternity remained officially nonpolitical, its values naturally led members toward democratic beliefs; and in
America, where many colonists chafed under repressive British
rule, the Masons attracted dedicated, politically active men. As
early as 1732, Daniel Coxe, the first colonial Masonic grand master, proposed a plan to confederate the American colonies, and by
the 760s, the brotherhood included such leaders as George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, John Hancock, and Paul Revere. These
men envisioned a new society based on fraternity and equality. It
was perhaps inevitable that they would play a key role in securing
America's independence.
1
in Lexington,
Massachusetts, in
796.
Ma$on as Mohawks
.
response. These p
eras and
l-.-.
rth
Dragon Tavern
in
End.
ed the
all
lodge
members
support-
and
Dr. Joseph
unfair taxation
and
restrictive trade,
stranglehold
on American commerce.
Patriot zealot
On
Samuel Adams
the evening of
December
16,
men
dressed as
the Green
Masons convened at
patriots had
and in
Dragon The
And
John Hancock, Freemason and patriot
tell
"
Dragon
that night
was
few Brethren
There
is little
present.
doubt where
<
of a few Shiploads
of Tea. Dec 16 1773."
\S>h>x
'UK
"^X
te
JU
**
y^m^t
dj,
Sp
&W**J*
&^
75
Andrew's Masonic
lodge
760, his motives were probably fratema! and professional. The
lodge gave him a chance to mix with
men of backgrounds and interests similar to his own, and new friends meant
new patrons for his gold and silver
handiwork. Since Masonic ritual calls
joined Boston's
in
St.
for a variety of
political strife
was
ride.
his
Revere
his
adven-
ture the
his
Mason-
wrote
ic
mastc
Joseph
Warren
sent in great
beged
that
would
mission
'
was
His
to
warn
were
on the way.
After battles at Lex-
Masons suspended
for more than
Once they re-
meeting
a year.
convened, Revere
again
became
mob.
Still,
revolutionaries cried
'
Warren almost
was
Dr.
certainly
Tea
and
on his
Part)',
PauJ Revere
Hill
lish
outspoken
rebel, report-
was worth
hundred men.
Warren
of his elegant clothes, wrapped him in
a farmer s coat, and buried him in a
that of five
The victonous
common
British stripped
them according
to the brother-
^h.e Battle of
in 1820.
Freemason^ French
French progressives, like their American counterparts, embraced the philos-
Connection
y received by the
young
known
immediately out-
ophy of personal
liberty.
Many
leading
gathering place.
Voltaire
busts
ing
shown
here.
Lafayette, a fiery
fitted his
and
who
officer
own
sailed to
ship
Ameri-
com-
Around
Navy cap
779, he christened
it
the
In the
ship's
en-
first
gagement against
the British Navy,
Jones
masons who
fos-
tered American
independence.
Benjamin Franklin
fa
Bonhomme
homme Richard,
tion in
begun
to fight!"
"
genera!
welcomed
new
the creation of at
Masonic
which men from all the
colonies intermixed. Thus a foot
least eleven
accept the
office.
awarded
independent commands to
officers who
sons. Indeed,
Washington s generals
were brethren, among
them Horatio Gates,
Henry Knox, Israel Putnam, Baron von
Steuben, and,
military
lodges, in
could.
horrific
were
held; Lafayette
was
gathering there.
Washington valued
the loyalty
Freemasonry
inspired.
He
wrote that
of course,
"the virtues
Lafayette.
that ennoble
mankind are
taught,
nourished, and
masonry to
forge unity
fostered in the
halls of the
diers- troops
not with a
The
Freemasons; they
encourage
domestic life and
serve as a standard
for the highest
duties of State."
83
CHAPTER
Freemasons:
loiter and Mysticism
eep
American
politics, the
name
of William
Wirt lies buried. Yet in 1832, the year Wirt ran for president of
the United States, he
Of the twenty-four
drew
commanded
a considerable constituency.
Party.
known
Accepted Masons
is
some 16,000 lodges welcome several milmember Masons, and the leading citizens of many a town consider it a
privilege to belong. In some ways, however-in the observance of hidden
world. In the United States alone,
lion
rituals,
nial
and honorary
titles
centuries untold.
And
in the
What
he: a
has been
for
made
fear.
it
two years
old, married,
local lodges.
Warnings about Morgan quickly spread across the countryside. This notice
appeared
in a
newspaper
man,
1826: "If a
in
nearby Canadaigua,
on
May
dler
fit.
York, on August
in this village in
New
9,
last,
and
Morgan
is
his
considered a swin-
in this village
title
was
MASONIC
conduct while
who would
be
knowl-
C. Miller, to write
million; a
for the
Masons of Bata
produced
in
Pavillion,
minister
unfruitful, de-
the
Niagara
Falls; his
body buried
his
One
moved
in the
A
number of
members ar-
abductors
had bent
Morgan
jailed
hole
over a trumped-up
roots,
him. That
jail
a succession of
special grand
juries to de-
t-
ter
A sorry figure in the flesh, Morgan assumed heroic proportions in his absence
His partner, Miller, perhaps recognizing a way
to make a sensation of Morgan's book, printed
50,000 handbills announcing
in
er appeared, but
It
n e
the cir-
via again.
gered.
New
Mason, convened
away. Morgan
Bata-
only the
Clinton, himself a
and sped
in
was
into a closed
be seen
re-
beginning. After
entailment, hustled
was never
its
and then
phony
paid Morgan's
in the
by
left
to
ranged to have
carriage,
that
it
Masonic
action.
him
had
to
Morgan
town of
little
cians,
stupendous
via to
their practices.
On
came
geon.
had an
too, that
who
All
from
enemies of Freemasonry
many
whom Morgan
forth
publicity,
Ma-
who
everyone knew
Masons
divulged
Masons were
The Morgan
affair
They were
had tapped a
in
in-
reser-
general and
Freemasons
the
in particular.
commu-
Political figures
braced
now
it
miliar
"Ma-
that
It
wrong, essen-
is
wrong-a seed
is
a foul blot
upon
against
Batavia;
thought
was
keep him
all
likely that
they simply
quiet.
in
burning
in its
dire
who
literally
darkest hour.
Zionists
in
and Freemasons
1974.
sit
of the
economy
The object of
all this
James
1375
would
down
way
his
light
to the lodge
a candle, place
to read.
If
'to
no one
else
it
room.
in the
On
win-
came, Brother
Then he
when
part by those
95 per-
who
find sinister
it
in
rise
medieval
in
for
in the
when
who were
time
It
referred to
most peasants
the planning
tion,
840s and
was thought
to
working masons
night," wrote
it
and 90
"On lodge
would blow out the candle, lock the door, and go home."
has
al-
ity
by
then
told of a conspiracy
at a
dow and
He
arriving there he
named
places, a professor
nov sounded a
sponsored conference
relocated him in
well-being
all
to
of evil
an order
fa-
fea-
Adams, proclaimed
and comfortable
next. For
mutual protec-
a lodge
came
to signify a
rest.
Eventual-
American
journalist
in
and
masons
were as much
of the fourteenth
and
fifteenth
Giorgione's painting The Three Philosophers makes the builder's art an allegory
for intellectual growth. The seated apprentice, square and compass in hand, symbolizes youth
building an edifice of knowledge. The middle figure is an overseer, representing
mature judgment; and the elderly man holding architectural plans possesses the wisdom of old age.
87
"
"To the
uninitiated, their
hoped
As outsiders watched,
men-some armed
compasses,
masons had
jobs,
and squares-
rulers, levels
1907 a
to possess.
and
Moreover, there
was one
To protect
behooved them
to
ensure that
was
cern
who
legitimate, since
know
the
some
strangers,
an
in the craft in
of
newcomer was
and the
right
cient
willing to
four lodges in
took
It
tutions, "yet
them
admit honorary
company
but
The
and
true, or
sure, the
Masons
did not
who
potent notions
cial
growing movement.
the relief
gidity of
a single craft
alone
their lodge
why
craft guild is
aristocrats
and
members
itself
Men
may be
so
in
J.
to
be good
Men
distinguish^.
wrote the
British his-
much
such a
triviality,
18th-century
life."
narrowness and
But conviviality
somehow
ri-
was
meaning. People of
belief that
Masons, with
wisdom
of the ages.
to join a
seems
of the upper
wanted
it
society: freethinking
intellectuals
all
had begun.
throw open
which
torian
masonry from
an-
nominations or
c Persuasions they
called a
to a swiftly
in
historic transformation of
class Just
of
haps
the
Men
in 1717,
initiation fee.
it
"Though
Then,
To be
now
to that Religion in
'tis
ideas.
in
as "accepted
in
new
response
members who were not stoneworkers. The London Masons' Company founded the Acception, a parallel organiza1619.
Constitutions
1723.
in
qualified to work.
in
printed in America in
effort
The
son,
among
of
England
first
and published
son,
was
signs of recognition,
first
claimed membership
falsely
claimed to
lot.
The
it
whom
all
been properly
ini-
crafts.
among
allure,
tiation rituals as
exclusive, attractive
the ground."
simply, the
it
that the
was
initiates
came
to
89
and Rosicrucians.
Masons explored these links, real
When
the
was as
The
late
per-
scientific
Newton and
Benjamin
discoveries of Isaac
later,
and astron-
of John
irrever-
Mozart's
last opera,
Masons.
all
an
is
and progressive
new
In that
role in dis-
unsettled time,
much was
!
yet
plines.
its
disci-
adherents.
had happily
lost its
some
age-old bearings.
respects,
"We
are
them across
it
that
the centuries.
Adam was
fig leaf.
Only
the
first
sect's traditional
costume,
were other
the sources
wisdom
which
we
Hume
to foresee, or
suspense between
who
ty
tian pyramids,
finally
through a pa-
power
life
entirely con-
we
either suffi-
to prevent, those
We hang
ills
with
in perpetual
cies
is oft
unknown
causes, then,
hopes and
in
become
fears;
is
equally employed
we
were engaged
in
"forming ideas
Toward
were lodges
in
Belgium, Russia,
in
five
it
seemed
Italy,
to
all
Germany,
have a special
Masonic lodges
in Paris;
be called-
to
were
came
it
the
by 1742, the
forty-five years
No sweeping
in France.
order awaited England, where Freemasonry continued to prosper in an orderly and polite fashion.
its
original in-
masons
them
full
fledged
fellowship
in
the craft.
Among
man
in
full-
the
charge of a building
apprentice,
to
persisted in the
to progress
through
lodge
In
VII.
like
wildflowers.
other as
sacred
Soon members
commander
fire,
ia
all
referring to
'
of the
one an-
No
some towns,
It
is
and legends,
its
own
its
own
ritual
and
allow a
The
proliferation of
the
connections to ancient
ter,
for
"never to be concerned
the Peace
cautioned that a
in Plots
member was
lington,
Seated behind a
at the
stitution,
lodge.
would
office.
new
new lodge would then be presented to the grand maswho would declare before the assembled petitioners
that the lodge was duly constituted. Upon the installation of
the new lodge master, he would be presented with the con-
hisreli-
In the early
officers.
in a private room at an
members seated around a long tresMuch time was devoted to administrative busi-
table.
Potsdam lodge in 1 740. Both wear the aprons and neck ribbons emblematic of the lodge. The Prussian
monarch glowingly characterized the society as "bringing forth the fruit of every kind of virtue."
was-and remains-the
initiation of
new members
upon
rate
existing
and symbolic
in
rituals of
out,
is
now
man
an anteroom, a
called a tyler
by strangers. His
spelling of
member
a roofer or
tiler,
of the
title
masons
tile
money
his
all
tie
and
directs
him
is told,
so that
if
he ever meets a
shoe
per: In
is
left
is
know
argot,
he
and
meaning of
vow of poverty,
a woman, and
began
his pilgrimage to
became
not
is
him -"hoodwinks"
in Masonic terms-to
demonstrate his "state of
him,
darkness."
brotherhood
peculiar fate.
When
he died
museum,
in the
progressive thought.
his
Once
is
how Jesuit
who had a
a reminder of
to
bad
scientific
Soliman's membership
Some Masonic
its ritual
a slip-
"slipshod." Only
by
of
above
is
in
it
leg
left
rolled
Masonic
initiates
breast
is
is
sometimes demonstrating
will
to
1848,
Austrian revolution of
when
in
H,i
1
An
y >
v
'
..
94
<T
composer,
who wrote music for many Masonic ceremonies, was once kept
95
Mason.
is
guard-an
officer
is
led to the
door of
is
moment
or two, the
chamber
members
man
ritual
in
is
this
sounded suspiciously
first in
strike. In 1738,
Pope Clement
been
Masonry."
If
he
and buried
in the
fails in his
my
fter
the oath
blindfold
is
at
root,
ritual,
thumb on
left foot,
drawn
its
is
opposed close
Throughout Europe,
who was
it
many and
craft's fortunes
in
Masons were
certainly
first
how
Its
ad-
too influential.
christ.
ebbed and.
papal
in
no strangers
bull,
to
Ma-
English
in secret
to
do the
is
It
"in strength."
men
which means
in
who had
Catholics
flowed depending on
the
fessional
and
all
has just undergone. Then the master discloses to the initiate the secret step, sign,
XII issued
hollow; a hand
association with
all
like
in
is
as a builder.
skills
to
in atten-
blocks that
He receives a
gavel,
which symbolizes
ments,
known by
official
all
to
in 1717, regular
Many charged
that
which
study,
ruler,
is
given a square
plumb (representing
called master
ly love;
rectitude). Third-degree
and
Masons,
the trowel
is
used
to
individual
al
were
Switzerland in
bans followed
745.
of.
fears
Sweden
in
738 and
in
was
XII,
It
officially at
reli-
may
or
that,
themselves,
bloodline that
One such
gained wide acceptance among Masons
may
or
may
ascended
to the
God and
ram
life
a.
"
Abiff.
quisitive
workman who
ski;:
tern of signals
to
Israel.
skill.
Knowing
tell
that
building a temple to
ers, led
links that
may
army of masons
sect.
Hiram started
was confronted by
man
one
at
to leave
to
brandishing a twenty-four-inch
and
for this
gate and
The skull of martyred Knight Templar Jacques de Molay lies before his funeral pyre between the
remains of his enemies Pope Clement V and King Philip TV in this 1812 French watercolor. The Templars' red and white
banner figures in the regalia of certain modern Masons who claim spiritual descent from the medieval knights.
|MNCepfliL
E0B3P,,
staggered to the east gate and
nected to Masonry.
was
in
worker,
with
Abiff
tyr,
spot. In
is
Masonic
sons
order
to
message
/ Excellent
come
like
title
He and
went on
to dine."
harmony
try,
BC who
learning, the
members
It
five
power
in several
citizens rebelled
In time,
movement
it
city-states
government.
and
Finally,
tried to
to
seem
that
any
who
and
watchwords of
Masons as
words of Freemasonry
military
camps. He said
III,
last
in the thir-
prince-who
apply their
though, a group of
later
began
ini-
Greek
idealistic beliefs to
God
that
He and
the
originated as the
years of
to the universe.
was Ramsay's
well as Templars
and from the Holy Land during the Crusades (pages 33-39).
to say that
and math-
lov-
itual
reflected the
make men
it if
"to
poem, "Banquet
Hiram Abif
was
"Apology
and Accepted
Masons." To be sure, Ramsay
of secrecy.
in his
translated
Among
name,
was immediately
It
reminder of
vows
de-
lore,
designated as orator of
found the
on the
In Paris
the papal
man
dug grave,
later
1738 just as
to appeal to
historical figure or
trifle
==
Frenchmen
some found
it
list
II,
latest in a
for centuries as a
The
Reich
was threatened by
a sinister
champion
with the
names
of
some 170,000
117.
war crimes
In 1953, after
was sentenced by
tribunal to
life in
prison.
was pardoned by
presidential decree.
scholar of American
rronc
Moconnene
devoiles pour
la
premiere
fois
a lecran
civilization,
lutions,
he became an enthusiastic
in-
the story of a
Frenchman who
brotherhood
to
in starting the
relied heavily
imagery-a
young
infiltrates the
expose
its
role
on sensational
giant spider
maps
Ma-
Mason
stretching his
0RCES 0CCULTFQ
flair
As
who
corrupted by
is
evil
Masons.
They proposed
Freemasons did
exist in
alchemical
some
the claim
became
had cured
skills
was heard
ac-
dispute.
Some
Templars by building
Pole, or
their
strongholds, hospitals,
mon-
and churches.
In this
asteries,
Sicilian swindler
was born
say he
in the
the pyramids.
Freemasons.
to the
was worn by
luxuri-
Enlightenment.
One
own
many
ey
is
rated by others
my.
In 1776,
he appeared
in
a beggar, or
want, as long as
will
condescend
boast of
is
Cagliostro had
tell
you
soon as
who
on
that
this score.
which
set foot in
me
supplies
answered
he Egyptian
mendously charismatic. He
installed himself
tre-
and Lorenza
in
sorbed
after arriving in
and
ini-
much Masonic
he went
to the
lore
its
Still,
great appeal.
even
He opened lodges
in
gliostro,
to
find
want."
it
Hebrew
an ancient
elite
Word generated
Cabalists,
special wis-
the
masses.
cosmos
letters of the
He-
that they
were never
to
be uttered. Ca-
meaning and
Masonry had
ulti-
Warsaw, he displayed
such as
Moses taught a
that God's
awesomely powerful
to
poten-
Rite,
believed
who
dom
re-
have
any country
al-
One year
have never
with everything
in refus-
Nevertheless
fully
was
this:
money. His
to
of
for the
that as
there a banker
shadow
London, a twenty-eight-year-
background but
it
old of mysterious
difference does
monarch or
of the
Rite,
his
"What
The source of
tial,
in the
Italian, a
by
Both
his
100
Brothers a(
War
allies
monies were
receiving the
women,
each sex.
In
for
minate
we
in
in
thrust a
for
It
was
child
who would
he would hypnotize a
prophecies. Cagliostro often told those assembled that he possessed a healing philosophers'
sell
grains of
riddle,
an
but
many
Italian prison,
trying to
In the
open an Egyptian
same year
Rite lodge in
was
that Cagliostro
for
Rome.
establish-
sor
am-
cade before
it
are
still
its
eradicated by
felt
found association
it
to
astonishment one of
his captors
Mohawk
To
was Joseph
"to encourage a
humane and
Brant, a
is
was
sociable outlook; to
his
in
of deserving persons
among
the broad
prived of
all
may seem
and
to
as unassailable as those
constitutions. But
what Weishaupt
in
left
at present de-
in this
the
unsaid
who
manifesto
1723 Masonic
was just as
sway over
held
Sislers of flic
On
January
6.
ment appeared
Weekly Chronicle.
England's Newcastle
It
Brofherhood
woman
was
to obtain
the
first
fee,
her sex.
strictly
it
excluded.
their
turies
Even
that
Mrs. Bell
all
Loftily
modest
to
women-whom
Crown, a tavern where the local Masonic lodge met each month. It seems
that Mrs. Bell broke into a chamber
next to the lodge room, punched two
holes in a connecting wall, "and by
of Masonry."
ever
an,
was
woman, could
not be-
come
Masonic
to
"Lady Freemasons.'
Elizabeth
St.
Leger
prompted
by her accidentally
overhearing lodge secrets,
was apparand
only
::
Masonic
rite.
ensure
overheard its
initiated to
Elizabeth
Irish peer,
In 1710,
teen, she
brary and
seems
credible.
when
Elizabeth
fell
was seven-
awoke
to
li-
overhear a lodge
certain case of a
When
her father
was declared
1830 engraving.
this
have been
she was
700s, female
among
The
grand orient of France responded with
fever pitch
Gallic gallantry
aristocrats.
by recognizing a quasi-
103
little
in 1781.
abrupt
vived
halt;
in
Masonry
to
1805,
an
movement was
with Napolean's em-
but the
re-
grand mistress.
In the U.S.,
Adoptive
in
the
founded in
1867 for women relatives of Freemasons. It still flourishes. But Freemasonry itself remains as resolutely male today as it was in 785, when a German
Mason wrote: "The hearts o\' Freemasons are certainly open to women, but
"
the Lodges are closed to them
Order of the Eastern
Star,
tria,
Switzerland, Bohemia,
aly,
several thousand
many
its
of
members -
in
servative ruler,
were united
ple
varia,
all
enough
regain a nat-
was
although he
was
complex ideas
members
the
until they
code.
his tac-
title
all
Among
<)
on one another
790,
a dark legend
more than
fifty
was
born.
talk of Europe.
By
When
many
that the
Illu-
come aboard
woman
minati had not disbanded but had merely gone into hiding.
From Bavaria,
sui-
abolical
to
that, for
cruiting ground.
were some
a trove of incriminat-
sage,
collapse oc-
final
ernment comi
emment
commission, and
to
to spy
was
Munich
file
that
and
men
cide, descriptions of
and
increasingly
of Areopagite (after
were
who
Carl Theodore's
to
way through
edict
Regensburg. The
in
unauthor-
erected an
their
earned the
when
former Illuminati
earth.
disciples
curred
a bloodless rev-
Weishaupt,
olution that
for
all
A second
the Illuminati,
Ba-
in
once he issued
at
ized societies.
peo-
in a universal
and
an edict banning
and nation
class, religion,
It-
Aus
It
for a culprit.
Illuminati
were con-
Bearded, magisterial Albert Pike was the paradigm of nineteenthcentury American Freemasonry. The self-made son of a Boston cobbler, he became a lawyer, journalist, poet, Confederate general,
and prominent Arkansas jurist. Credited with molding Scottish Rite
Masonry in America into its modern form, Pike was so devoted to
the order he took up residence in a Masonic temple in his final years.
Masonic
that
peared
in the
triangle
emblems of French
revo-
supported the
political establishment.
came from
complicity
From
his jail
cell in Italy,
knowledge of a worldwide
Illuminati-
was
attempt an
What
is
was born
cy theory
to
an ever-lengthening
supposed
accusations
plotters.
of oth-
list
The scope of
the
title
of
in
is
reflected in the
rope, Carried
On
in the Secret
Meetings
Societies,
ties.
bestseller,
and
thirty
years
later,
in the
when
disap-
New
York,
many an American
When
a Lutheran minister
through
replied that he
it
The
again.
anti-Illuminati scare reached
can
political figures
who
its
happened
to
ican Freemasonry
be Freemasons
fears,
Washington
also
knew
was
that
not involved.
and
A Masonic Monument
Within hours of George Washington's death on
ball.
president's fellow
monument
Masons
raised
money
it,
work on
the
had
move to resume
memonal, which by then was no longer
War
did Congress
in 1885,
ceremony-an
it
"the
'-':
For more than twenty years, the unfinished Washington Monuon a swampy site called Murderer's Row
because of the criminals and Civil War deserters who congregated
there. When construction resumed in 1879, the land was filled in and
the elaborate original design scrapped in favor of a simple obelisk.
The 1 OO-ounce aluminum capstone was set in place on a perilously
windy day in December 1884, in a Masonic dedication ceremony
(right) conducted on a special platform 572 feet above the ground.
ment
Photographed
was necessary
knew
that caution
spiracy theorists'
and
imaginations. In the
even
in
is
was
to his views,
where no secrecy
written here,
ours to render
men
is
If
necessary
Weishaupt had
in
our endeav-
Americans seemed
really-as the
num-
And
in the
to this, the
were the
is
The Masons,
of course, being
theorists
work
erable heritage of
was
service groups.
Illumi-
on the
works of conspiracy
as
name
Trilat-
eral
or-
Club, or any
begun by the
Masonic
as benign as
has surfaced
Crusades,
is
staid,
same
to follow the
American
der
yet,
nati
70-year-old
more
inclined toward
arcane panoply
and high-flown
Proofs of a Conspiracy
clear
Johnson reports,
'the
symbol
we pay
keep us
in
All
fringe group,
its
an all-seeing eye
civic or social
bill:
is
American republic
offi-
the craft's
today retains
its
darkness."
infected the
than most
run-of-the-mill
but vanished
titles
conspiracy
time
one
to
who seem
gener-
organizations. Yet
far behind.
Masonry
ing long
sion that
its
members had
to carry. Evil,
power-hungry Ma-
membership
still
exists,
how-
and Accepted
Rite of
Masonry
titles
is
a system of thirty-three
command-
secre^.
And
the Ancient
draw
their
membership
engage in good works include the MysOrder of Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm and the
Tall Cedars of Lebanon. Female relatives of master
masons
tic
known
least thirty-second-degree
Masons. Memorable
who are at
many for
may
parading
for charity
Similar
join the
DeMolay and
to
and
girls,
Order of
the Order
Mason109
such societies.
their
members
for social
Masonic
enlightenment, Freemasonry
four
volumes of thumbnail
that
bi-
Roman
nouncements.
So,
it
is
reputed,
lution, Lenin,
was
and
Benedict Arnold
was
Masons
tion
in aviation
was
at the historic
in the
that
ic.
in Italy, France,
it
said,
it
was
ban
was clear-
(left, en route
North Pole in 1 908), his companion Matthew Hcnson
and Admiral Richard Byrd (center), were
welcomed into the brotherhood as exemplars of Masonic virtue.
111
to
languages oth-
indeed,
to the
in
thereafter:
ear-
in sixteen pro-
move
Masonic membership
Iran.
men improved
It
that
member.
Sam Houston,
and Douglas MacArthur were among them.
American military
John J. Pershing,
the
Mohammad
in the
Vatican Council
to the brotherhood.
organization
lit-
was
it.
Catholics
at
lier
is
men
British kings
of a buffer again;,:
work
Wilde,
was something
ance directed
i.
rites.
has attracted
for centuries
legendary
was a Maso.
Mormonism show
Whether merely
suspend
for joining
E. "Buzz" Aldrin carried a banner bearing a Masonic emblem in his pocket when he walked on the moon on July 21,
1969, during the first lunar landing, the Apollo 11 mission.
Astronaut Edwin
---"
tial
who
plot-
<$(*
&
Cy3
'S.
**
February 1988.
a tattered legacy of
ill
entirely disappear. In
who
modern-day Spain,
prominent
many
legislators, intellectuals,
and
A Law
liberal Republic.
Communism was
formed specially
for the
military officers
to judge
was
who could
abroad and
fled
their property
had
Among
for the
to
Rome from
civil ser-
was appre-
Switzerland
in
from an
to $1 billion looted
Italian
bank
political
in
1982?
organiza-
Florence. "The
commission show
it
was
chases of crude
power
for
in the late
had
will lingers
authorities
pened
Italian se-
&
mm^
Masons
Venerabile, the
II
of
Still,
title
venerable one.
oil."
Occasional episodes
enough
fuel to
keep the
fires
who espouse
those
provide just
of anti-Masonry simmering,
and among
no trouble
ers,
a sixty-nine-year-old
reporter he
man
was attending
in a natty
One
filling
of his listen-
tweed
suit, told
the Freemasons."
day are
attacking us just like in the old days." Not until the late
its
to this
Fernandez
Gil
de Terradillos,
felt
mem-
order, Jaime
constrained to
insist:
"We
uncommon
occurrence
in
postwar
Italy.
a special parliamentary
com-
in
much
mentalbeit a not
ers
men;
ity
is
loyalty of insiders."
may always
it
much
So
it
remains with
mysterious lodge.
is
ill, v^iiiuuv^vj
iiiwumuino,
words
that
more
pciiiucu,
uipj.;v_v.i
He lived
Do What Thou Wilt.
the
ilistic
ing.
,
i 1899,
Crowley called Osiris Risen
for this affairfolds his arms
to formulate the Pentagram,
the Golden Dawn's ritual for
of Crowley's mistrt
Star, or
"filth personified.")
In late 1922,
Crowley
m
rmhouse
in Cefalu,
from
killed,
ment moved to
expell Crow-
by the Crowle
iwu
Wolfe, about
whom
own
age, he exiled
her for a
a tent locr'
the farmhouse.
bell,
5B
Book of the
Law, and a tablet tha
is known as the SteU
of Revealing.
oil,
his
^V
*!*'
test to the
^1CT
imposed on
all
"
h>
Crowley (standing, right) conducts the ceremony of Saturn, a segment of the Rites of
m
cheduled the rites for seven
consecutive Wednesdays,
one rite for each of the seven
known planets. While Victor
to
WWH
:^llf|^
JTJIflT
>
iTTimm i *'#4 n ih
Ti\v^u?ii>h>
ii
uw
^ fvi
2ffl^X3
^ffly3
/ey's mistress
and other-
num Asti
,^^p
second ...j.
soon after their
929-
<M$
%V
'
t
(
w
J
10^1910
Crowley; his first wife, Rose;
and their daughter, Lola Zaza;
project domestic bliss in this
photograph. If the 1910 date is
Tect. however, the Crow-
A VuM
iViTi'
---rTtljj
i"
L^r?M??l"
1 1
iiT3TSn<#?jTm!jB
^^^^^^^^j^^u^^^^B
kr
1
I
~"f-.'
I'1
8MMW1I
\'-
L'-"'*
-jll.l
^^B
i7i??vji>T
m
iiiiii
'"-
****
Tunisia,
. '
and laughter.
<
Kangchenjunga. 77
allegations aften
ink,
continued
Crowley follox
WE
Ip
l^l'i
SI
Lti3.^H
/
-
fljE
l3j
'mm
i\
The Island of Mag,
\0f
mMmm
ik^w*
IHL+Z
Sacred Masters
summer
of 1874, a forty-two-year-old
New
He traveled
to Chittenden,
inter-
Vermont,
to
cover a lengthy series of seances that were luring believers and the
curious to the farm of a surly bumpkin, William Eddy. As matters
drowned
dren,
sailors, Civil
War
woman whose
Arrayed
in
Giuseppe Garibaldi's
"Good
gracious!
Look
specimen,
at that
new
guest
was an
later,
outsize
a massive
Mongol-like face and short, crinkly blonde hair "like the fleece of a Cots-
wold ewe."
man
own
cigarette.
woman
of the world, whipped out a light and said in his most gallant
Steel Olcott
met the
as-
who would
only in that
life
and the
for
it,
lives of
To use
Olcott's
word
he and
"felt
returned to
New
York,
when
after they
Luxor. "Sister Helen," the grand master told him, "will lead thee to the
to
little
convincing. Estranged
set
7,
link his
dictionary and
liked to be called, in a
"divine
name
to that of
would forever
it
who
signified her
powers
was passed
It
name. Olcott
for a
dawn
were sug-
was
of
of
to
single
responsi-
and
reviv-
and
herents of the
New
"none
astral travel to
just the
thing." Final
ly,
the
called the
tion.
later re-
seemed
is
the East
Society, but
gested;
man."
the occult
to inves-
the organization.
suitable
latent in
fairly
what nowadays
life,
can
curred
to
religions, philosophies,
tigate "the
"Would
HPB,
modern
compassing
someone
astrology,
decided to
reincar-
turn to a
12!
medita-
known
the supernatural.
a secret sect
its
franchise
than a theoretical
to the
life,
the
was reaching
its
when
the
Age
apogee.
and
scientific revolutions
industri-
new directions for her lifelong occult enthusiasms when she met Colonel Henry S. Olcott
(above) in 1874. Olcott, a Civil War veteran,
lawyer, journalist, and psychic investigator, became Blavatsky's devoted disciple. Together they set out to explore the ancient
mysteries of the world and to that end founded, in 1875, the Theosophical Society.
speculation gave
way
to
what one
finality
seemed to seize preeminence over conventional religion. Truth was to be found in a test tube; humankind's descent from lower mammals was held to be more
rational than creation in the divine image; and spiritual
William Butler
Yeats-who was
its
its
himseli
to
spiri
Species, science
which
ii
style
logical
became
Participants
fascinated
And, as
in the 1960s,
many
artists
in
aissance of
cause
Irish literature
Irish writers
be-
such as
known
An
painters based
cult
fjntml
<<Miu >tfy
/,,<.,
rfjj
OAt*r*
faieltcit\ *"4
/'/A
Ctm
H
/it
*'om*t*
h trpf /*
iy
ty/(
<
Ml
'(men -HH*
Uu
/i
to
h ri~i
i(
<*
yrifc,
ii < i
iK u
T7-,
127
( f
its
work on
oc-
pages 157-169).
was an
initiate of the
Golden Dawn.
/titJrn
f ef
fit H4j /'lit
hit
r/
(see
HH />l#W
fu
<
t'tv
images
its
entire group of
/* /fl/J
mians-like
them
to
latter
Madame
life.
nd
Blavatsky
smoked
the
occultists frequently
and the
public of Ireland
depended
which
Celtic Revival,
tionalism,
in the early
Irish
tional
led even-
independent Re-
rise
of Scottish na-
and came up
wisdom-that distinguished
litical
their
occult took
up other nations'
Occultists
quasi-political
were active
freedom from
idealistic
in the socialist
of ardent vegetarians,
and
Annie Besant,
became a key
figure in
British rule.
movements
in a
welter of
organizations
humane associations
One noted The-
various
Anna
Kingsford, fervently
on animals. She
tried to
two
magic-
scientists
kill
in-
chemist
known
It
(a
was, after
all,
she swore
a sea cook in
like
a volatile adventurer
contemplative
who
ex-
Most of
life.
a time
when
most
she
fiction,
tastical
a respected industrial
when
facts of her
felt
threads that
life
were
far
stranger than
became
inextricably
mixed up with
critics alike.
army
and
officer
was precocious
in the
ways. She
move and
objects
fly
later
old,
apparently, and
them remained
Helena
claimed that
invisible."
my
astral
fur-
arms
and conviction of
an eye-witness."
Shortly before her seventeenth birthday, Helena
was
HPB only
the
name she
He would contribute
life,
be
was
to
for
left
own
to Constantinople.
grow somewhat
account, which
was
frequently
fuzzy.
By Bla-
amended, her
flourished.
that supported
students of the
mote
was
Some
Fabian Society,
in
she
niture
all,
it
political causes:
was
to the idea of
ter.
The so-called
marijuana
dia, to Africa
and Canada,
to Central
Muslim
In-
was
Mid-
attended
Voodoo
secret
rites;
worshiping Yamabushi
Mayan
sect;
rummaged through
ing in
Sudanese ostrich
and trekked
a covered
in
all
Madame
in its
in a
artificial-flower factory,
delayed their
own
By 87
in Tibet,
were
in the
dom
universe.
that
no proof whatever
is
terrain
it
had been
Beyond
vatsky's
trying to
into her
all
fit
difficult
nobody
busy
was
is still
it
States.
medium -an
on
on a
July
left in
day
in
some
haste
hroughout
United
for
New
Olcott.
Blavatsky household
difficult to
in
life
in
the Olcott-
was seldom
dull.
liked to be called
by his rank)
not gloriously, as a
search of
The
had
use as a disembod-
in
snake charming,
when
said,
it.
HPB
"I
assis-
itinerary.
her by saying,
in
for
England as an
in
later, that
legally
time
and
Russia as a spiritualist
ceived word from her mystic Masters, as she told the story
even Bla-
that,
most inaccessible
closed to
none of
true. In particular,
the
stir,
in
clients discovered
among
herself up as a
ancient wis-
virtually
a brief
as the manager of an
Tiflis
elsewhere
terious that
development of
a virgin.
still
fifty-four,
was
age
at
Yuri,
Madame
travails,
child,
Yet of
for
feathers;
one
died in childhood.
ruins
in the
wagon
to at least
who
ancient
Civil
War
who had
still
served respectably,
staff officer.
if
Helena hectored
Henry took
an singer,
who
counts she
was married
her.
"idiot," a
By some ac-
first
it
all
in
quiet stride.
As
a frequent visitoi
re
called, Olcott
birth
129
as a cook
(as
after see-
placing
over
on
it
there
Whenever she
script,
comment
a congenial humor,
der,'
know."
when
And then
there
was
the
memorable
some
come
night
"To
was
my amazement,"
briefly extinguished,
to eat."
in the kitchen, or
HPB's legerdemain
In that
wrote
Isis
that
mysterious origin. As
Unveiled,
which
in
its title
indicated,
don't
to
Isis
ment; and
The original emblem of the Theosophical Society, shown
above, combines an Egyptian ankh, which denotes resurrection,
with interlocking triangles that are representative of the
spiritual and physical worlds. Above these designs is an ancient Sanskrit symbol for wisdom. The serpent that is swallowing its
tail symbolizes eternity. The seal of the inner order of the Golden
Dawn (below) employs the same type of triangles, along with
some elaborate Cabalistic symbols. The crucified human figure is
to
be
to
paper was of
Unveiled at
first
then relighted.
meant
is
it
Olcott
hung
"1
The "order"
juicy grapes.
of Helena Blavatsky's
ping! would come, in the air whither she pointed, the silvery
tone of a bell."
trou-
bling her.
were compensations.
felt in
was
took
all
Still,
with her,
in
fertility
Isis,
the Egyptian
goddess,
was appar-
eyes or so HPB
As the work pro-
author's very
alleged.
other
their relationship
shared interest
in
was
in the
their
had
its
gun
It
to languish,
vatsky's
it
mood
Himalayan
The
en-
ful
Bla-
Although Henry
do the
slightest
of
was by a power-
astral light.
retreat.
method
typical
transmission
soon seemed
and Madame
came
Mahatmas who dwelled
in their
had be-
in a burst of occult
thusiasm, but
the
problems get-
and
time,
Theo-
the page,
phenome-
would long
flying
it:
over
space
even Olcott,
who
at this point
130
"
worked so
Blavatsky had
fell
sound asleep
me
she
late that
dis-
when Madame
in
said,
for her
was
in
knowledge of
come
beliefs
dhism, Christianity
the
,000-copy
mere ten
first
edition of
Isis
at a stiff $7.50,
two more
review
it
Times dealt
at
it
it
attracted
Isis
it
scientific
some
criti-
to
her
life
Madame
Blavatsky
stances in which
had been
lifted
to credit
passages that
when
Madame
communicate by
church and
Isis
Un-
its
Blavatsky as a
astral light.
denounces
in-
they
astral selves
word against
men
hands of the
in
in the
Aside from
critical
all.
were not
ters
printings
New York
a world in
cism:
wisdom
which there
Brahmanism and Budand Mohametanism will all disappear
of universal
was
omega
that occult
second volume,
their
debasement
at a
in the
in
Cabalistic, Hermetic,
societies. Eventually,
his friend
practices, but he
ied
literary
that
and the
ethical
the
to
In its
tutional
essence,
Isis
enemy
that
postulated that
ment
insti-
condem-
nations were
in
Isis
was
largely an argu-
As such,
it
sum and
sub-
was
offered
little
of
what would
decade
who would
later in the
later
was
tirelessly
become
the
still
in
the
mold
it
until
hands
it
o\
the
emerged a
an
us
and
philosophical,
While writing
up
for
scientific belief.
Isis.
HPB
India,
Japan.
Still,
there
were
certain
in
London
chapter
for a
in
In-
dia's siren
song
ons to the subcontinent. The sagging fortunes of the Theosophical Society were looking up. Presumably thanks to the
this point.
afire to transfer
success of
Isis
Unveiled,
who
for his
Civil
War
veteran
supposed invention of
that
decamp
to
at
hands of
D. D.
New
York
Bla-
group
in the
December
in their
18, 1878.
like
genuinely interested
in
established themselves in
and mixed
HPB had
veiled,
"the teratological
In India,
ed,
it
In Isis
phenomenon
of a two-headed infant."
made sense
powers as
Beyond
with
Un-
that, the
Madame
had
dealt
first
tenet.
most
tinct personalities.
said she
Mahatmas who
closely
own
dis-
friend,
met him
in the early
in
England back
HPB
when he was already 125 years old. An imperious member of India's warrior caste, Morya was a
stern, forbidding fellow whose letters sometimes got
1850s,
downright rude
(the
Of much more
moments of pique).
was Master
felicitous disposition
Europe
in
to
famous beer
Many
new
of HPB's
Mahatmas without quibble. One esardent student named Ramaswamier was deter-
mined
own
eyes a Master
was
and
in the flesh
He soon
lost
her
trail
but
bound
for Tibet.
then a wild
cat.
second day of
horseman he
...
his trek,
at first
thought to be a Sikkimese
revered guru
whom
On
the
"But
...
was in
same Mahatma, my own,
in his astral
body on
my
knew
tongue." Rama-
in India's native
was
in
ways.
In time,
Sikh, took to
all
religions.
He also labored
some 7,000 miles, set up fortynew Theosophical lodges, and gained thousands of
recruits. He and HPB began to drift apart, both physically,
calculated, he journeyed
three
because of his
wished
cial
travels,
to subordinate
to so-
was her
wooed influamong them was
of that: Occultism
newspaper
that
was
Empire
in India.
for occult
halls.
As
it
happened, Sinne
tl
tricks.
At
fir
some
;l
sleig
re
home
in the
Thus he
stay,
HPB
tried
some
with letters-in
Sometimes the
Emma,
down
nating
lish interest in
one
book
all
and
the rage;
Upon
cause embarrassed
sue
been
in fact
fall
on
his head."
was adamant
for libel.
against any
sacked him.
HPB
Helena Bla-
in 1884,
letters, referring to
who
down from
filed suit,
lead to a
he explained that
would
litigation
trial
wave by
foot
HPB
on the
soil
if
inevitably
that,
would ap-
nights,
dummy
turban-wearing
on moonlit
his visits to
to construct a
letters
itself.
innett
In 1883, Alfred
when
pillow,
Hoomi
Theo-
was
still
to
come. Soon
trust in
Bay of
an un-
Alexis Coulomb.
itive:
Emma
while
and, as
it
had become a
sort of glorified
HPB departed
for
housekeeper
rences in which
Coulomb went
who
result
was
letters,
Emma
title
HPB
its
its
"were
to Mrs.
maga-
may have
distinctly in favour of
it
re-
to India
tered by the
Coulomb
had," he wrote
Occultism and
was
Madame
significantly al-
revelations. Moreover,
Hodgson had
impru-
Coulomb, as
Blavatsky
proof of
letters
that
and
later,
hope
membership included
forty highly
in the
inquiries, the
"Whatever prepossessions
in
much
allegedly written by
part of
ciety.
specialized;
Helena Blavatsky
As
HPB
nomena." Blavatsky
who had
as
at least
Hardly had
HPB
Helena
showed a
134
wood box
in
which
was
solid
chambers, the Theosophist slapped the box sharply-causing a secret trap door to open.
was
Mahatmas' mail -a
could
fill
or
empty
some
Among
to
house the
spirits.
at will. In his
Emma
Coulomb's accusations
The evolution of
superhuman, or
believed he had
actually
met a Mahatma on
man whom
was so
had
an
This man,
plan to
Damodar
visit
the
K.
Human
some time
apparent
first,
find the
home
but HPB,
to silence
whose
finest
Madame
Blavatsky traveled
finally settling in
in Italy,
re-
is
now
in
ly
it
was
published
in the
ties.
Theosophy
As expounded
in the
,500-
in a
mos whose
nature
is
of
first
to
what
peo-
engage
in the
is
the
fifth,
ity will
have run
its
when
they do,
will
move
human-
to anoth-
home
Lemur-
to the floor of
by Bla-
It
numerous
tions toward the spiritual state that exists at the top of the
in
Supposed-
later refined
life
fell
Earth
in
book and
and died
vi-
England -where,
in 1888.
re-
which rose an
and
Germany,
when
is
suffering
for that
come. Old
Hun, or
ia,
to
may be
Hodgson's
sophical thought
Attila the
from Bright's disease, a kidney disorder that would eventually kill her,
an
of the Mahat-
and already
in disgrace,
history,
named the
known
cinity of the
anyone -anyone,
been enough
that
The
that followed
life
before dying.
to
ond, variously
Theosophical
later.
in
continent
of Mavalankar's death,
futility
that
really existed.
mas
counted
human
Blavatsky
animal to
spiritual.
to vegetable to
Ramaswamier, who
governed by
life
was one
is
of his own.
his charges
a logos,
is
or solar deity,
slot that
135
r,
'::.
and progress
trine,
nation
is
Karma
in
is
long and
each incar-
intelligently
effect
mas
its
that constrict
many
distressed humanity a
scheme of
one incarnation
to
benev-
intricacy,
life
ture that
another
by the
was
fu-
not hobbled
Mad-
summit of
to rise
to achiev
earthly per-
Mahatmas, superhumans
without
who have
voluntarily de-
trine
oneness
wisdom
ers of
of the ages.
phists to
Annie Besant
and teach-
humankind.
genius,
Madame
the
Or-
Dawn
its
and they
In
was published,
known as the
to re-
to serve as
however.
society
rivals,
Blavatskv
(left)
became Theos
became
and the
termeasure to
tition,
this
compe-
Blavatsky founded a
membership
ited
to a select
it
lim-
who
came
then, HPB's
of her
finished.
life,
is
revered by Theosophists.
On May
8,
was seated
in
her favorite
made
much of
pages
many
in
New
date,
York Tribune,
to
women
an evaluation
in
"one
would
vali-
Thus peace
dom and
In
more volumes
that
trail
some
*&"*'
Madame
Blavatsky-but
still
fol-
damage
to the society
it
would
fatal,
is
to
came
ture,
finally
philosophy."
Annie
Wood
Besant was
driven by enthusiasms.
&
MO
was
'Aniridia'
their parting
and
Nevertheless, Tantra
in the
is
less orgiastic,
disciplined. For
toward
performing certain
,vn
Tantra The
>
which
u!t
still
as
exists
spiritual fulfillment.
some
seeking the
rites,
including
intercouse between a
same
spiritual goals.
emphasis
is
example, great
placed on breathing
exercises called
pranayama and on
that trigger
sexual quest to
are used to
mystically reunite
concentrate the
body's energies.
Hindus, Tantrikas
creation. Tantra
believe that
Like other
body
awareness and
control put one in
male
and female gods
Shiva and Shakti
were fused in
cosmic oneness.
creation, the
channels for
energy.
an
composed of
The
vital
subtle
body
is
crown of
the head.
it
is
said, lies
snake called
Kundalini, a symbol for the goddess
Shakti. Tantrika practice supposedly
the coiled, sleeping
^^
m
awakens
the serpent,
who
crown chakra. As
rises,
it
chakra
until, at
the summit,
it
crown chakra,
symbolizing the god Shiva. The
performed as a sacred
made
thus
is
complete.
the ordinary
rite
of chakra puja, in
which
several couples
participate in
sexual
rites.
Partners are
chosen at random,
and according to the
is
without
ritual,
encumbrances of love or
even passion.
The Theosophists did not embrace
Tantrika sexual methodology. But
Charles Leadbeater, a Theosophist
leader,
was
and
beliefs.
mystical stream.
perfect coupling of
die male and female.
in
who had
was known
as the
of the
pursuits
While
still
in
Catholicism;
vicar of Sibsey
therefore
was not
life
for
came
quate substitute."
In
"Do nothing
it,
till
arrive,"
there,
between Besant
was astonished
becoming an
the
Mahatmas, Morya.
As a
was
the
and
rising rap-
Englishwoman
first
and
to publicly
in 1877,
advo-
in
in
she
England. Once
left for
to find in a
Guided,
it
plan
to
during Blavatsky's
same
of crayon, on the
direct: "Judge's
rice paper.
right."
is
birth-control booklet.
vatsky
was
what appeared
written in
letters received
same kind
was
It
When Madame
Mahatmas had
alive, the
still
Bla-
the letters
had taken
this to
A few
woman "who
who
later described
her as
new
faith
nicate through
preted
the case,
it
was
in perfect
charac-
Madame
up, she
had
Mahatmas continued
their delivery
were variously
was
first,
promoted
But
some
four
months
HPB's death,
after
in a large
HPB
ally
was
known
in the
in
an-
startling
so
announcement.
was she-for
If
she, too,
Blavatsky
was
virtu-
make
had received
from the
letters
"unseen world."
Annie
hall
is
com-
not
down from
when no one
said to flutter
to arrive,
is
inter-
after
cruits,
letters herself.
ished spectators had the least suspicion that the old one
it
mean
anyone
to
made
it
known
that she
or-
said.
"My worst
integrity.
had
tell
public
you
letters in the
to
tell
that since
Madame
same handwriting
lie
to you," she
cast a slur
Blavatsky
upon my
left
have
received. Unless
that
is
write, surely
difficult for
possessed
still
some
of
credibility far
but
made
others
a remarkable feat."
herself
Re-
for Psychical
letters
from
their
ceived
all
later to a
at the rate of
mere
trickle of
around a
a thousand
or so articles a month.
to
me
script,
now
ter;
subject, but
fact,
and
it.
"I
in
on
seal of the
Mahatmas when he
peared.
An
magazine
the
demanded
named
at three shillings,
it
tion:
publicity
ical
it
was good
for
them
Theosophy, since
it
new Theosophical
assumed
in
helm
in
stir
the people to a
more
Theosophic Order of
Service
much
of India, engaging in
all
long,
extended throughout
manner
was whispered
within the
tion:
of humanitarian
India's people
intensity. Bes-
affair.
Once
So-
she em-
at the society's
hat
and fashionable
In 1897,
ap-
which
all
Mahatma
and
the
in
after
Mahatma boosted
London
Section
ant
visted
the handwriting.
Mas-
workingmen's
possible, but
people
know
why
the
re-
well-known
in the
that they
had
and the
ant
Annie Besant
fakes. Eventually,
"When
from
were
aloud.
it
in
Indian educa-
Hindu
and
I,
League as an auxiliary
Home
move
India toward
In-
Rule
economic
name
to
New India,
transformed
it
in
into
and was so
was sometimes
In 1917,
[precept] in
was
inaugurat-
critical
that,
who
India, in
Madras, changed
even.' cottage.'
traditions.
reform and to
nie Besant
all
marked by
rule
was
in the
who was
that
it
was
all right to
was
telling the
tu-
youths
masturbate.
1917
self-
becoming the
after
dent, she
reliable
society's presi-
produced a
letter
from the
that
Leadbeater
in the
was
in
heart.
new
in the
boy
would have a
teacher. Jiddu
would be
his
in its
new
evolution to the
root-race
her
for the
she established a
letting
new
for the
Besant on various
him
mouthpiece
was
veloping his
in 1929,
own
de-
Theosophist
his
all
followed an independent
life
til
cremated according
One
leading Theoso-
literary
draw
his allegiance
Society,
which
still
and found
his
exists today as
own
as to with-
Anthroposophical
in
to
survives, with
its
head-
its
mem-
bership
ally
plummeted from
inched back up to
its
its
completely healed.
er in
its
programs
universal
human
Still,
still
purpose
days.
scholar and
far
eral offshoots.
sisted in their
its
It
gradu35,000,
brotherhood.
some
and
is
as active as ev-
its
promotion of a
>r
selfishness; deep,
heavy
)r
races through th
'a
warn
era,
were found
outlined, in
members
ciety.
at
its
its
Western reaction
Golden
in fact,
Dawn
to
rituals
name
of the
Dawn, but
it
its
own
F.
A.
sometime
many
first initiates.
lore,
it
began
in 1880,
when
a London
writ-
By
antiquity.
of
would indulge
many
most a century
supposedly found a
letter,
fur-
Domina-
wise one
will
be
he was
just
it
then lining up
its
offi-
discovered an answer
al-
the
same person;
all
When convinced by
were too
different.
man
indeed
was a case
of multiple personality.
written in
in
make
order to
in
in fact
had written
the stars"
Dawn
cott
Fraulein
historian Ellic
al
their
it,
when
SDA and
had found
doubt that
little
things
bookstall
after 1870,
ancient" society,
also a Mason,
mled by
to induct
There seems
mem-
who was
and
ten in cipher
official story.
All
the Reverend A.
veloped
it
written
to see to
full
that
an occult so-
Egyptian trap-
The
underpinnings
founding members,
plicity,
and diagrams
in
Though draped
Theosoph-
bareboned fashion,
manu-
deciphered, the
to contain notes
pings, the
to the
When
may
some
al-
shillings
in
dues, and the order's outlay for incense, ritual wine, stationery,
just
about balanced
its
meager
147
Westcott, a
coroner, a Freemason,
and a Rosi ..Tucian (shown at
right in Rosicrucian ceremonial
robes), founded the Golden
Dawn in 1887. Westcott, whose
interest in the occult tendI
Golden
Samuel
ic,
Liddell
MacGregor
viewed
cret societies
their
dream up and
recite
mumbo
portentous-sounding
swirling about in
jumbo while
hooded robes,
to share secret
es not at
all
dissimilar to
who were
students
forming
fraterni-
same
during the
Certainly there
period.
was
Edward
who was
present, recalled a
number
decades
later: "In
of
in
Westcott
If
indeed Westcott
was
in
it
young Scotsman
ers
seemed
loomed remotely."
tertainment, the
would prove
to
to
B.
Yeats,
ing but
thick,
mainly
to
whom
Samuel
E.
first
Math-
Waite dismissed
"
in the British
worked up a
Museum
later
became
and splendid
more and
who was
in the
better
regalia
however,
less cooperative,
more
room
at Westcott's request,
He
reading
Liddell Mathers,
be harmless enough. A.
and en-
he assigned the
in favor of the
little
arcane tomes
W.
known
in the
Golden
Dawn
as
fectly clean."
liked spending
J^Kt?*S'^
<>, ae ':"<sdiscvt
-^ ienCSandd
188
m in
T
^ve
:
\\Uliam
passed along
ouui nei o/
t
oHlv contained
*T^
thers,
"f.
,ps
^;^i8p ert"
>
O K>^
Mathers chose
for his
own
the Gaelic
of the
in his
own
for "royal is
)#
>>C?2
absolute submission."
"1
*>$-
think, "
member who
he told a
>**
open
lutely to permit
"I
criticism of, or
y$p%
my
action
mem-
5-^3^
(PC^^X,
independent
*H
*>
dared to
refuse abso-
The order's
lot.
members
ing
Dawn were
many
to
Paris-
some
who
tow comfortably.
some evenings would join the Mathgame of four-player chess that pitted
spirit's
athers's
at his partner's
fringe
In retrospect,
spirit.
most
move.
megalomania was
to the throne of
ple
to his
name,
later escalating to
or de Glenstrae, a
that
title
owed
Samuel
Count MacGreg-
in
room
by
of the Golden
Dawn was
identified
"try to
communicate with
evil
its
romance
Irish stories
of
powers." As a youth,
and other
skull,
evil
As
he had
felt
member
to
of the
Theosophical Society's Esoteric Section, he had joined Annie Besant in experiments in which,
a Eu-
lifelong
himself
who
and drained
some who
knew him, he claimed at various times to be James IV -not
killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, as was generally befor
illustrious initiate.
Liddell
B. Yeats,
an indepen-
nymic
kow-
a Celt-
House of Stuart
or celebrity to
rarely restrained
in
W.
much money
empty chair
fairly
rolls-list-
Each member
moved
by a personal motto
to
and
fro
experiments too of
5:
silk
and round
still
he wrote to a
friend,
"a
answer
stranger nature."
to
my
will,
some
Oawn
ma
"three great
J^t"
4.1.4VX
^UuCva
^*S
CO
beautiful voice."
an ftttwntrafofl
ifef
^^fo
WMrw (kmpk
tc rufe t&e
T)
'
honed
any ftr*on
Walt or tynwU
{t
was Florence
finely
wit.
wntih*te am>
Farr
who
it
apparently
declared at the
kith
^7fc?4,of ** <9tbtr0ftyt&$.
a tranquil beauty
gifts,
case involving Wilde's homosexuality"! don't care what they do, as long
fytttifr-
as they don't do
wtyafyaBbttnbuly
it
in the street
and
h)
tt
$r#^tc(f jritrjroire
Like Yeats, Farr
tfjfm aJfall
( auffictVnt
(S&irront
London's
Isis-
and she
is
as raising a
spirit
named Taphthartha-
how
that
in
conflict
occult matters.
written a single
When
word" of some of
its
to un-
and
all
life is
that
when
mag-
Dawn
gineer,
all
similarly
and an
electrical en-
my
chain,
his
reproved by a friend
for
between
his
his art
works
"if
had not
the centre of
was
"in vio-
easier.
study."
all
that
do and
all
write," he proclaimed.
artist in the Golden Dawn was the acwho starred in plays by Henrik Ibsen
and George Bernard Shaw and was Shaw's mistress for
Another famous
ical
and
is difficult
immersion
that
it
in
as wealthy as he
was devoted
side the
in fact a
to the stage
museum and
later
who happened
was
who
at the time
pense,
fine at
to
first,
were
ruckus
the Golden
in
Other notables
result
that
Annie
was
ma-
Dawn.
in the
Blackwood, known
William Peck,
down. The
financial foot
astronomer
ed her
own
which
is still in
who
GD member,
A. E.
was
like
than momentary.
initiate
"1
was
sustained rather
five
By
him
all
of the ancient
the
GD
eciple
to Ouija boards,
audible to
my
by "Direct Voice
1^^
^^to
to
conceive, enormous," he
Waite-the scholar
modern times
to write intelligently
members was
in his
continual strug-
and
In
his wife
"I
in
can
an
tell
896
know
earthly names.
know them
seen them
in the physical
made
being
astrally
in
rigorous,
was
"which
would have
by them." Just
the presence of
particularI
killed
thought
me, or
Vestigia, or both."
In 1892,
Math-
ers relocated
connection jealously.
toes.
These
ly
to Paris and,
Chiefs. "I
purportedly
L
under the
London
elite
of
Ruby and
simply the
GD was
AC), the
et
it,
took
The dra-
Rose
who,
authorities,
vow
of se-
Aurea
which
RR
would
rite
et
was
a terrible
and
effectively
for
this Order,
al-
fall
slain
by which
During
might
and paralyzed."
this ritual the
was
themselves
to "the Great
Work, which
is
He had
exalt
to
pass
examinations
RR
et
five
separate
attain to
he had
to
yond
that,
minor- an adept
were an additional
RR
et
AC up and
running un-
shell.
became
lit-
rituals of the
RR
et
its
accommodat-
orful rite
(If
nothing else,
this col-
once and
for
a corpse
and
all.
and
may
human
.
will
initiates
astrologer
who had
advised
Queen
Elizabeth
I,
and
and from
their
Melin the Mage, a quietly mystical treatise that Mathers purportedly had discovered and translated, and The Clavicula of
Solomon
to
coroners imitating
to
employ geometric
figures,
utter.
in
aid,
be more than
The
and
entrusted to me."
grades be-
five
tle
of
to purify
my
magic
rituals; at least
Florence Farr to
one, the
ceremony used by
Dawn
actress
Taphthartharath,
was
named
lis
use
Allan Bennett,
ii
required a
ol
in
led
him
to the
Irish
rituals.
gum ammoniac
props: The
enough
had
to obtain, but
notes
Bennett
The
ritual itself
was
to put talisman
Florence Farr)
this case,
If
Thou
"1
Spirit,"
no indication as
An
of another case.
ley (pages
Mathers's
come
no
is
looked
it
"teach us
all
all.
whether
could be seen
it
was allowed
to slink
call
back
to
its
usual
riously
was asked by
"poor
for
little
Horniman undertook
for
member
later.
the golden
who would
Dawn. Crowley
it
at first
medical
failed to
obey Crowley's
sein-
and water
it
who
member
violent series of
fits."
After the
of less-
be-
mother
Charlie Sewell," a
to investigate the
least,
astral plane."
"Went through
she reported
ill.
with dew,"
known
Thee."
er grade to
a talisman
and Scienc-
when we invoke
and
who,
in
es," Taphthartharath
Crow-
12-123), a brilliant
a destructive factor in
the Golden
like or
involved
spirit
record of what
It
Abaddon."
whether
she declaimed.
Presumably the
to
if
est Hell of
on his breast.
on
Taphthartharath should be
"I
exist,
ments
initiates
ciously.
On one
was wielding
became
convinced that W.
ment
the string
which was
"The
environment was
ball
"full
Yeats
signs.
B.
alive
Among
the
many
notable
side.
Another
was invaded by
posedly
was
acquaintance of Bennett's,
the "magical blasting rod,"
who poked
is
A Theosophist
fun at the
notion
^^^
y*^ft
yKajB
In the 1920s,
tal
some
articles of
into a definite
size of a tiger,"
stairwell, she
mons began
had
appear to her
gi-
When
seen so many."
life
off
'
writing
black cats,
to fight
on her own
knew she
back-even
at
it.
in
to the
A few
years
Netta Fornario,
Golden
later, a
who
young
belonged
woman
to
Golden
Dawn
neck was a
lifeless
silver
by the name of
for a black
officer
known
isle
was
of Iona. She
if
cat."
large knife.
in
her
young wom-
clashes
ol
both philosophy
number of successor
Dawn
sects.
On
in Paris
sible
of the
members
in
1896 by
in
was
ing
members was
their
who was
London
after.
already
was
RR
et
to initiate
him
was
livid.
He
ers sent
local
an
edict
ic
that
was
He threatened
Math-
to
ley to
result
was
loyal to
at
Crow-
Crowley
hampered
his efforts
split
orientation
who were
Isis-
itself
along factional
was mysticism
kept
Waite,
E.
mag-
interested mostly in
GD
Stella
Still,
he kept
in
al-
in the
role in
in sor-
at all intimately to
most
been troubled
&
in
so
our
far
circle
abandoned
as they are
unhappy" because of
known
to
the study
me
have
their participation.
to those
who
reject
locks.
15o
it.
in a
changed the
known
cery.
Little is
in 1918.
belonged
April 17,
him.
be short-lived.
1923.
who opposed
its
France
faltering organization,
The
who
Aleister
work
With
The
call-
to
and
London committee
in a sieve
officers
leadership.
where he
to Paris,
in
remained
threats.
his face,
him by again
invit-
in that city.
let
clad
Crowley into
lines:
of
AC. Mathers
initiated
who
ities. In
rid
He died
set. After
behavior, however,
was
Road-in
Crowley returned
the
expelled Mathers,
his spell
upon
final
Blythe
in
doubtedly
Crowley reappeared
Lon-
was
reason
many
Horniman from
expelling Annie
in
April 19,
New
York City
had
in 1875, the
spiritual
Led
art.
by Helena P. Blavatsky, the much-traveled Russian adventuress, the Theosophists took their name and their goal
from the Greek words for divine wisdom. They sought to attain
such wisdom through inquiry into the laws of the universe, which
for
initially
them included
and
and
common
symbols
in all the
world's
with occult
imagery they advanced ancient revelations of Hinduism and Buddhism as solutions to modern questions. Among the most influential Theosophical books were Blavatsky's The Secret Doctrine and
Annie Besant's and Charles W. Leadbeater's Thought-Forms -one
of several illuminated bibles of the creed. Britishers Besant and
Leadbeater, writing in India, inspired similar works by other Europeans, such as Germany's Rudolf Steiner.
Theosophy's mystical symbolism and its belief in a higher reality were particularly appealing to the four European painters
whose works appear on the following pages. Working independently in Amsterdam, Munich, Paris, and Moscow, each set out to
transmute the ethereal into the visual with brush and palette. Each
began with recognizably natural forms that evolved ultimately into
nonobjective imagery. Reaching for the sublime, these pioneers of
abstract painting helped lay the paving stones of
157
modern
art.
IheosophyiMan
ArfiIiAp0$ae
inflieNefliertands
Dying Chrysanthemum
displays the aura that
1910
Piet
Mondrian
Piet
1872,
in
was more
in
Society in 1909.
Theosophy.
Returning to Amsterdam
Mondrian and a
Stijl
in 1914,
founded the de
and architects. But he
friend
circle of artists
in 1944.
to limn the
ethereal-
still
The
of the
earthly body
ical vision
from
human progression
(left
panel) through
(center).
159
By 191 4, Mi
en the vertical arid b
'takntal
.her in
near Oele (page 159)
duality expl
Woods
dynamism,
spirit
and matter.
principles-spirit, force,
y.
>
n q.
n
^i
Moscow
was bom
in
866 to a prosperous
family. Well-educated and widely
traveled, he developed an early
fondness for music and painting. When
he was almost thirty, he gave up a
legal and academic career to pursue
in
He went
new
to
in the
and
and poring over illustrations in
the books of Besant and Leadbeater.
the spiritual, reading Blavatsky
Steiner
162
abstract
book Concerning
published
in his
in 1912.
He embraced and
Black Spot
i,p,
a completely spiritu<^
nonobjecttve plane, de\
what a spiritually iniL
viewer might see. The same
menacing, dark form seems
to
163
Representational symbolism
marks Kupka's search for
higher truth in this version of
The Way of Silence, painted
around 1 90O. The sphinxes
have Theosophical meaning:
They represent the lower
material world, but their open
eyes permit them to meditate
on a higher one. Humans, too,
the painting suggests, are
caught between baseness and
the mysterious heavens above.
A Czech Artisi
As Spiritual Medium
As a
where he
Kupka was
child in Czechoslovakia,
was born
in 1871
Frantisek
apprenticed to a saddler
happened
who
to be a spiritualist.
also
When he
made him
Theosophy and other spirit-
receptive to
He paid
semester with
medium
money earned
first
as a
at seances.
166
Keys-Lake, painted in 1 909, th? artist explored the Theosophical symbolism of vertical plants. Fingers strike an A-major
apults the keys-which are
chord at the lower right, aid the mus:.
vertical symbols for humankind -from the darkness of the water
In Piano
had been a stack of jam pots glistening in the sun. Madame Kupka shared
beliefs, includ-
167
Painted in 1908,
Woman in
oS
NonobjediveArf
in Moscow
was captivated by mystical philosophies
based on yoga. One particularly appealing
idea was that humankind would someday
early in the
twentieth century,
unity,
Malevich
tried to
move from
figures
Theosophist
consciousness, Malevich
suprematism
to
He died
at the
age
of fifty-seven in
1935, the year
socialist realism
began eroding
Russian
artistic
expression.
artistic
movement
world in order
*
169
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M comp and ed with Carlo Pielzner. A ChrisRosenkreutz Anthology Blauvelt. N.Y.: Rudolf
A Biography
Little
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Parke-Harper. 1928
Tyne
& Wear.
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_.:gr
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Douglas. Charlotte. Swans of Other IVorfcfe. Kaztmir Mak-
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'
Ongms of Abstraction
the
Ann
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1977
vich
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Arbor.
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:- :
::.-:: -z-z-s
-'--
.-;..-:
:.-
zrz Zzi'z-
-.
Me
Bischoff. Erich.
"':
--Z-ZZJ-.
g:
"
'--.-
-g"
z --::--
Z'-z
i~ 7 :_--
"r
Brown, 1935
(exhibition catalog)
sonic
':-
Mass
Lexington,
..: s
i'~
:- .i\= .z
Scottish Rite
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5-
E~g-
?.-::.-
";-
:-:5; ~.r:
-.;.
- :::-.
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zZz .";-:."
J.
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.".""
-.
z-z.
zzz:z-
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Press. 1980.
=:"
r.r
: = -r:r
-.-.-
'-
zz
.:
-z.'.zZ
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Castell F
;=.r-
Tfx
r"
.-
yz
";.;-.
z'zz
.-.-.
:.-.
~iz
r-
rn
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York
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Coxhead David, and Susan Hiller
Crossroad. 1976.
Cyr,
Daaul
'
Aifcon
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ifSecnet Societies
raucus N
~z-
;-=e
~--l
:;..' -g
111.:
;"
irt '-zzs-zrr-.zz
:'.:.z-
and So-
ety. 1960.
Mahatma
Letters'
Harper George
Mills. Yeats s
:- i~
:.-..;-
:..:-:-
z:
1974.
Christianity,
Supply, 1981
-7-7:7'
: .:zS-7-7- .-.-a.-res
Z. :.~z~:;~ Z.;Leo Twyman East Grinste= z
England: Henry Goulden. 1975.
Higgins. Godfrey. The Celtic Druids. Los Angeles Philo"
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1981
~City.
N Y Doubleday. 1976.
Howe. Ellic. The Ma0cians of the Golden Dawn: A Documentary History of a Magical Order 1 887- 1923 New York
Samuel Weiser. 1972.
Jinarajadasa. C ed The Go/den Book of the Theosophical
.
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.--?:-
neum.
Ones of
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Grant. Michael, ed
Vesuvius: Pompeii
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.
Greece and
.7
---
Judah,
The
Movements
StiUson.
physical
History
in
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Spiritual in
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King. Francis:
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Witchcraft
1987
Kinney. Jay:
1.
Art Transl.
Publications. 1977.
C. Iture
'-
'.'
ment Wheaton.
-::
Z7J--
Grant, Michael,
ed.:
-'
Zz-zzz
ri.y.zr.
Actions Philadelphia
of Free
:s
Brown. 1873
Little.
:
:
Samuel
Burman. Edward
.-
'--.:z.
-Z.
An
Leadbeater. Thought-Forms
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Ill
Theosophical Publishing House. 1925.
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don:
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1968
lery.
Md
--am.
tian
7-
.'
.":..
r'gr
:'
Gordon Melton
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ZZ
2'
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E.
Gnosis.
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2.
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New
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New
Lewis, H. S
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Steel:
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Parapsy-
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York Harper
1981
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NY:
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America
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1981
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PICTURE CREDITS
The sources for the
Credits from
from
left to
ter.
gress
right,
'
From Robert
Fludd. by Joscelyn
Philosophica Hermetica,
AMORC
Amsterdam
70. 71
Mass
Courtesy the
Museum of Our
Museum of
74. 75:
Con-
77: American Antiquarian Society. Worcester, Mass Granger Collection 78 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston-Yale
University Art Gallery 79 From Histoire Pittoresque de la
Franc-Maconnene. by F T B Gavel. Pagnerre. Paris
844-from Robert Mills Architect of the Washington Monument, by H M Pierce Gallagher. Library of Congress, 1935
80, 81: Larry Sherer, courtesy the US Naval Academy Museum; courtesy the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania-Metropolitan Museum of Art. gift of
lohn Bard, 1892 (72 6), Jean Antoine Houdon, Cliche de la
Reunion des Musees Nationaux, Pans; courtesy the US
Naval Academy Museum. 82. 83 Courtesy the Grand Lodge
of Masons in Massachusetts. Boston, AlexandriaWashington Lodge No. 22. A.F. & A.M.. Alexandria. Va
The Bostonian Society/Old State House-Cnicago Historical Society 85 Art by lohn Drummond from a photo by
Erich Lessing, courtesy Histonsches Museum. Vienna 86
Courtesy the Trustees of the British Library. London 87
Erich Lessing. Kunsthistonsches Museum. Vienna 88
From Geschichte der Freimaurerei. by Paul Naudon. Propylaen, Munich, 1982 90 Courtesy the National Portrait Gallery, London 91
Courtesy the United Grand Lodge of
England. London. 92 Deutsches Freimaurer Museum.
Bayreuth Fotostudio Schmidt 93 Erich Lessing. courtesy
Historisches Museum. Vienna. 94, 95 G Nimatallah
Ricciarini, Milan. 97: Bibliotheque Nationale. Paris 98
Roger Viollet, Pans 99 Roger Viollet, Paris -Bibliotheque
Nationale, Paris 100 David Doody. courtesy University Ar1
Swem
and Mary. WilFrom Histoire Pittoresque de la FrancMaconnene. by F T B Gavel, Pagnerre, Paris, 1844 102
Library of Congress 103 Bibliotheque Nationale. Pans
104: Museum of Our National Hentage, Lexington, Mass
105: Library of the Supreme Council Washington, DC. 106:
From Robert Mills: Architect of the Washington Monument
chives
liamsburg.
Va
101
112 Edward Owen, courtesy the Library of the Supreme Council, Washington, DC 13 Harry Price Library
University of London
14 Hulton Picture Library. London
115 Private Collection; Hulton Picture Library, London
ciety
16:
London
brary,
(2).
lection
'"
:cgie.
Collection.
Museum
ymously. Estate of
162
of
Modem
Piet
Musee National
et
1988. 167
Musee National
d'Art
Modeme, Centre
National
et
ADAGP
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors
>vish to
this
volume:
America, Wheaton,
O Keeffe. London, Klaus Prakelt Pressestelle, Stadt Bochum, Bochum West Germany. Floren L Quick, Yokosuka
Japan; Chris Rawlings British Library, London; Pietro Saja
in-
Society in America,
Museum, Bay
Van
INDEX
Numerals
in italics indicate
an
illustration
of
The (Trumbull), 78
102
Bell, Mrs.,
A
Abiff,
9,
97-98
Elks,
12
ground
of,
140;
Coxe. Daniel, 73
Crowley, Aleister, 113. 114. 115, 116-117.
119. 120. 121. 122. artworks by, 114.
(Anonymous). 53-54, 57
66-67; study
women
Carl
James H
Black Spot
(Kandinsky), 163
Wood
and
and Rosicrucians.
26;
1.
19.
D
Dawes
Rosy Cross, 63
of,
32-33;
Aurora (Boehme), 53
B
Bacon, Francis. 57
"Banquet Night (Kipling). 98
Baphomel, 36, 37. 38, 115 See also
temple
153
Stanislas. 68
DeQuincey. Thomas, 61
Mondnan), 158
Diamond Composition with
(Mondnan
Dielenbach Karl
Charles (prince
ol
139
Hesse) quoted,
in
12
".
kreutz.
Christianity
XII
N
96 97
V. ill
i'!i,
B9
(
103. 109
Heni
Clement
20
Eastern star
nous), 153
\nonymous), 50
18-/9.
sacrifices
Cla>
lb
Dominic. Saint 3/
65
in)
164
by. 127.
Blavatsky Yui
Bloody Massacre, 77ie(Reven
Boehme. Jakob. 5J
Bombast von Hohenheim, Theophrastus
(a k a Paracelsus), 53, 57
Bonhomme Richard (ship), no-8i
Gre\' Lines
131
gyptian Rn>
leusinian myslerie
William. 77
De Guaila
Druids
12
11-1 12;
Anstolle. 9, quoted, 13
MacGregor Mathers,
18, 122, 123; and
of, 122; and
118-119 writings
Dee, John
Freemasons
Manicheans
Liddell
quoted, 92
Billington.
Samuel
147;
of.
Cabalists
Apuleius, Lucius, 16
22-23;
of. 143.
Anderson, James, 89
Andrea, Johann Valentin, 54-55
Animated Oval (Birth) (Kupka), 167
Anthroposophical Society, 143
Anti-Masonic Party, 84
Apology (Fludd). 58-60
"Apology for the Free and Accepted
Masons" (Ramsay). 98
Crowley, Aleister
of, 71
162
155
lizabelh (queen ol
Bohemia)
lizabeth (queen ol
ngland), 102
12
ment erected
of.
36;
(journal), 147.
154
Fama
Fraiemitatis
(Anonymous). 48.
156: quoted,
99
Fernandez Gil de
quoted,
Terradillos, Jaime,
13
Fingen. 18
Forces Occulies
(film).
Roman
name
of.
Hess, Rudolf, 99
Hiram (king of Tyre), 97
Home
Sufis, 35.
Knights Templars
Knshnamuiti, Jiddu, 143
Kupka, Frantisek, 164. paintings by,
129. 132
Fraunces, Samuel, 82
quoted
92
V (king of Bohemia), 54
Freemasons, 12, 73, 89. 93; allegorical
Freemason. 88; and American RevoluFrederick
736,
and auras,
by.
80
10-11. 19
HPB See
Loveday, Betty
May and
of.
49
Initiation
degrees
Innocent
92-96.
Isis
and
III.
and sects
quoted, 31
16.58
Isis
Quan
Temple of
the Golden
Dawn,
lsis-Urania
106-107;
women
to dges
Fuller.
Dawn
Udo, 112
Giorgione painting by, 87
Gladstone William, 141
Gnostics 23. 24 28; amulet
of, 23,
~-.erC. 70
Max
75,
Heindel)
76
40
a.
68
Green Dragon Tavern. 74,
102
Mane
141
Mould. Andy, 10
Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus, 90. 94-95.
Ill
Muhammad.
34. 36. 38
Muslims. 38-39
Mystery cults. 13
Mystic Order of Veiled Prophets of the
Enchanted Realm. 109
N
National Secular Society. 140
77
Muhammad's. 34
Night Journey.
Olcott,
Henry
Steel. 726.
153. 155;
148-150
Maunce
(landgrave of Hesse). 57
Mavalankar. Damodar
of.
Kepler. Johannes. 54
quoted, 103
of. 156;
writings quoted, 20
168-169
quoted. 148
Jung, Carl, 49
Gelli.
Mandala. 139
Jefferson.
Piet. 755.
Monlsegur. 30
Morgan. William, 84-86. 105
Mam, 20-22
Judge. 141
151. 156
Mondnan.
Nostradamus, quoted. 72
1 1
of, 6-9,
Nizam al-Mulk. 33
McKinley. William.
Illuminati See
77
16.
Mithraism.
New
arms
Ramon. 27
Lewis. Ralph, 72
LindowMan.
and Tantra.
119
90
and
130; founding
Homiman, Annie,
II
of,
36. 38.
emperor), 93
Frederick
Aleister Crowley.
emblem
12, 36.
155
r'.ta,
(Holy
and
99
153;
12
Fertility cults.
Francis
of, 151;
151, 154
Fay. Bernard.
Henson, Matthew, / / 1
Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, 12.
126; branches of, 147, 151, 152-153
charter
49-50.51.53
98
and Assassins,
36-39, and Freemasons
Knights Templars.
Equinox
by, y9
135
75.
14.
139
Aurea Crucis.
et
153.
156
Ordre Kabbalistique de
Ongm
139
Rose-Croix. 68
114,
la
75,
Orleans, duke
Orpheus. 75
and Orphism.
OTO.
tomb
50-51,
167
of,
life of.
51-53,54
Orvius. Ludovicus, 55
Ouspensky, P D 168
Composition (Mondnan). 160
.
Ch'al
Silver Star
Rosicrucian Fellowship, 68
Rosicrucians alchemy
61
55-56,
of,
Paracelsus, 53. 57
decline
58.
of.
Peladan. Josephin
(a
k a Sar Merodack),
Perfect
of, 60, 61
and
emblems
66,
of, 48.
66; history
55-56,
of,
141
and
name
and True
sophical Stone.
(Richter). 62
medal
of,
scientific
97
66
52
St
8-/9,
Pythagoreans.
16. 35.
and Freemasons.
58
Tall
Taller (journal).
157
sects
quoted. 89
155-156.
emblem
of, 130.
Esoteric
founding
of, 125.
and
Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn,
146,
Band
Williams, William
painting by, 82
Wirt, William. 84
Woodford,
Woodman,
A., 146.
150
William. 148
Shnners. 108-109
17S
and Allan
Wood
members
(Beatles), 122
Wren, Christopher. 90
Section
specific
Wynn,
153
111
1-12. 13,
See also
of, 79,
history of
1*9
(Anonymous), 69
Sects defined.
Reuchlin. Johannes. 26
The (Anonymous),
98
(Besant), 141
monument honoring, 79
Washington, George, 73, 82-83, 106;
Masonic apron of, 81; quoted, 82, 105
Washington Monument, 106-107
Way of Silence, The (Kupka), 164
Weishaupt. Adam, 101-104
Westcott, William
of,
61-62
B 86
Templars See Knights Templars
Temple of the Rosy Cross, 52
Tension in Red (Kandinsky), 163
10.000 Famous Freemasons (Denslow),
Taylor, Daniel
SDA. 146
Seal of Solomon. 65
48
Tacitus, 19
Raymond
(Fludd),
Synesthesia, 163
by. 132.
118
Leila, 117,
Waldensians, 28
Walpole, Horace, quoted, 64
Warren, Joseph, 74, 76, 78, burial
Suprematism, 168-169
133
Pythagoras. 14-16. 98
64
w
148
108
P-2, 112
Waddell,
35
Summum Bonum
77
quoted. 21
156
group.de, 158
Stonehenge, 20
Subtle body, defined, 138
20
Andrews Masonic
invitation to,
64-65
Stijl
Sacrifices, 17,
(Levi),
Vocabularium (Paracelsus), 53
Stewart, Gary, 72
Sufis,
ed Thugs, 44-45
Viatorvm (Maier), 58
of,
Transcendental Magic
Trees of life, 28-29
of,
of,
and royal
62-63; telepathy
100
of,
157
Three Philosophers. The (Giorgione), 87
Thugs, 40, 41, decline of, 44-45, initiation
Soliman, Angelo, 93
68
66. 67.
68
141
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