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Beliefs
What is the general belief
system guiding this
perspective? What are the
beliefs about the nature of
knowledge and knowing?
Behavioral
Behavior and learning are
described in as a cause and
effect relationship. There is
generally a stimulus which
will create a response, this
response will influence the
learning and later lead to an
observable change. There
are two conditions which
makeup this perspective:
classical and operant.
Classical conditioning
involves our emotional and
psychological responses to
a stimulus. Operant
conditioning focus on the
behavior and how it is
acquired. The behavior is
prompted by cues and could
result in positive or negative
reinforcement.
It is generally believed that
learning is a change in
behavior which must be
observable. The learner
may be influenced by
modeling, shaping, or
cueing.
Cognitive
This perspective focuses on
the internal mental changes
which occur when learning
rather than the behavior
changes which take place.
Learning does not
necessarily have to be
visible in order to prove that
it is occurring. The cognitive
perspective states that
learning has occurred when
there is a change in
knowledge. This perspective
applies to what is going on
in our classrooms as
students organize, process,
and adapt their new
knowledge.
Constructivism
The constructivist
perspective is dependent
upon what the learner
already knows. The learner
will take the new knowledge
and build upon what they
already know. They will
assimilate where to place
the new information based
what is already known.
Changes will be made if
there is no direct place to
put the new information.
Social constructivism states
that social encounters will
affect how ones
understanding will grow.
Principles
What ideas are used to
explain why events or
objects exhibit what is
observed.
Limitations
What are known or accepted
limitations to the depth or
scope of what can be
explained by this
perspective?