Unit 2: Solving Linear Equations

2.1 Solving one-step equations

Operations include ________ _________ ________ __________

Inverse Operations are ______ operations that ________ each other.
Operation

Inverse Operation

Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division

PROPERTIES OF EQUAILTY
Equations are like balance scales. When we find the solution, the expression on
one side _______ the expression on the other side. We solve equations by
performing _________ _____________ to both sides, producing whats
called___________ ____________. Equivalent equations may look different,
but they have the ______ solution(s) as our original equation.
Addition Property of Equality:

1.

y 5 = 10

2.

x 4 = 21

3.

w=

Subtraction Property of Equality:

1.

y + 3 = 12

2. x + 7 = 14

3. 1.2 + z = 3.4

Multiplication Property of Equality:

1.

x
3

=4

2.

x
2

=7

3.

x
3

Division Property of Equality:

1.

4x = -20

2. 6x = 42

3. -3x = -21

2.2 Solving two-step equations

The Greatest Algebra Commandment

Thou shall doest UNto one side of the equation as thou doest UNto the other.

Solving for x means applying ___________ _____________to both sides of the

equation until x is ____ ___________. I sometimes refer to the process of
applying inverse operations as MOVING IT TO THE OTHER SIDE.
STEPS TO SOLVE FOR X:
STEP 1: Add or subtract any term that does not have an x
STEP 2: Perform the relevant inverse operation
(STEP 3: Check your solution)
State the first step in solving the equation.

1.

6x + 8 = 13

2.

n
5

6 = 11

3.

x +1
2

=4

Solve the equation.

4. 4n + 8 = 12

5. 5y + 2 = 17

6. 8x 15 = 1

7. 3c 4 = 5

8. 12 = 7 m

9. 19 = 10 b

10.

p
2

+ 3 = 11

11.

w
5

+ 6 = 16

12.

z5
4

=3

COMBINING LIKE TERMS: Solve the equation.

13. 3a + 5a = 16

14. 4y + 7y = 22

15. 12m 3m = 18

2.3 Solve Multi-Step Equations

Solve an equation by combining like-terms.
1.

9x + x 7 = 13

2. 3x 10 + 4x = 11

3. 11w 9 7w = 15

Solve an equation by using the distributive property.

1.

4x 7(x 2) = 26

2. 5h + 2(11 h) = -5

3. 14 + 2(4g 3) = 40

2. 2w + 3(w + 4) = 27

3. 6x 2(x 5) = 46

Check for understanding.

1.

9d 2d + 4 = 32

Multiply by a reciprocal to solve an equation.

1.

3
5 (2x 4) = 18

2.

4
3 (7 n) = 12

3.

1
3 (d +

3) = 5

Check for understanding.

1.

3
4 (z 6) = 12

2.

2
5 (3r + 4) = 10

3.

4
5 (4a 1) = 28

2.4 Solve Equations with Variables on Both Sides

Solve equations with variables on both sides
1.

7 8x = 4x 17

2. 8m + 5 = 6m + 1

Solve equations with grouping symbols.

3. 8c + 5 = 4c 11

1.

4x 5 =

1
5 (5x + 20)

2. 3(d + 12) = 8 4d

3. 40 + 14j = 2(-

4j 13)

Identify the number of solutions.

1.

3x = 3(x + 4)

2. 2x + 10 = 2(x + 5)

Identity:

2.5 Ratios and Proportions

Ratios:

Write a ratio.
1. A person makes 6 long distance calls and 15 local calls in one month.
a. Find the ratio of long distance calls to local calls.
b. Find the ratio of long distance calls to all calls.
2. Your familys cell phone plan shows a total of 1000 text messages sent last month. You sent
250 of these.
a. Find the ratio of your text messages to total text messages.
b. Find the ratio of your text messages to other family members text messages.

3. Shawn and Myra are selling tickets to their schools talent show. Shawn sold 36 tickets, and
Myra sold 44 tickets. Find the specified ratio.
a. The number of tickets Shawn sold to the number of tickets Myra sold.

b. The number of tickets Myra sold to the number of tickets Shawn and Myra sold.
Proportions:

WRITING AND SOLVING PROPORTIONS

STEP 1: Set up the first ratio with given information and reduce
STEP 2: Set up the second ratio with a variable keeping the units the SAME.
STEP 3: Use a cross product to solve for the variable
Solve a proportion.
1.

y 3
=
15 5

2.

9 c
=
4 28

3.

a 7
=
32 8

Solve a multi-step problem.

1. A backpacker in the Sierras hikes 5.5 miles in 2 hours. If the hiking rate remains the same
how far will the backpacker hike in 7 hours?

2. A recipe for salsa calls for 30 tomatoes to make 12 pints of salsa. How many tomatoes do
you need to make 4 pints of salsa?

3. The elevator that take passengers from the lobby of the John Hancock Center in Chicago
to the observation level travels 150 feet in 5 seconds. The observation level is located on
the 94th floor, at 1029 feet above the ground. Find the time it takes the elevator to travel
from the lobby to the observation level.

4. A recipe for brownies calls for 4 cups of flour for 3 dozen brownies. How many cups of flour
do we need if we want to make 4 dozen brownies?

2.6 Solve Proportions Using Cross Products

Cross Products Property:

1.

5 15
=
x 75

2.

12 60
=
7
d

3.

9 27
=
13 y

4.

a+6 4
=
21 7

5.

8 30+ a
=
9
45

6.

b7 13
=
18
3

7.

18
54
=
n n+ 40

8.

2
14
=
n n+ 30

9.

x 2 x4
=
7
21

10.

y +15 y 5
=
42
14

11.

2 x +2 24
=
x +7 27

12.

14 b+4.5
=
4 b0.5

13. 10 is to 45 as x is to 225.

Scale:

Find the distance between Norfolk and Grand Island.

1cm : 85km

2.7 Solve Percent Problems

Solving Percent Problems:

1. What percent of 60 is 9?

2. What percent of 20 is 15?

3. What number is 12% of 90?

4. What number is 30% of 70?

5. 30 is 14.5% of what number?

6. 20 is 12.5% of what number?

A. What number is 15% of 77?

B. 14 is 54% of what number?

C. What percent of 20 is 6?

SURVEY: A survey asked 220 students to name their favorite pasta dish. Find the percent of
students who chose the given pasta dish.
a. Spaghetti

b. Baked Ziti

7. If sales tax is 7%, what is the sales tax on a $20 shirt?

8. David left $1.75 on the table for tip on a lunch bill of $8.50. What percent tip did he give?
Is David a cheapskate or generous tipper?

Percents in shopping
Tax is an _______________. ______ tax. Discount is a ______________. Subtract
discounts. Calculate the tax LAST after applying the discount.

Think of the problem as an is over of problem.

Write the equation (make sure you convert % to decimal).
Solve it.
Subtract the discount and add the tax to the original price.
If you have a discount and tax. Subtract discount first then tax that amout!

Find the total price of each item (What is the tax/discount of item is it (+) or (-)
1. a. Jacket: $125.00
b. Boots: $85.00
Tax: 5.5%
Tax: 6.5%

2. a. DVD Player: $185.00

Discount: 30%

b. Ipod: $325.00
Discount: 15%

3. a. T.V. $375.00
Discount: 25%
Tax: 6%

b. Nintendo Game System $270

Discount: 20%
tax: 5%

2.8 Rewrite Equations and Formulas

Literal Equation:

Function Form:

Solve the following equations for x.

1.

p + qx = r

2. a bx = c

3. ax = bx + c

Two or More Variables: In an equation with two or more variables such as 3x + 2y = 8, or a

formula such as A = bh can be rewritten so that one variable is a function of the other
variable(s).
Rewrite the following equations so that y is a function of x.
1. -2x + 3y = 6

2. 12 = 9x + 3y

3. 4x - 2y = 6x + 8

Solve each equation for the given variables.

1. A = bh ; h

2. C = 9/5(F - 32) ; F

3. I = Prt ; r