Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study is the result of the researcher‟s experiences in English
language learning and teaching as well as the great support and
encouragement from teachers, friends and family. I would like to express my
sincere thanks to many people who help me to complete my graduation
paper.
Last but not least, I would like to show my gratitude to my family for
their spiritual and material supports and endless encouragements, which are
really important in giving me confidence and optimism to fulfill this
research.
4
ABSTRACT
It is undeniable that vocabulary has been considered the crucial
component of learning a foreign language. Techniques for teaching and
learning vocabulary are, therefore, the matter of concern in many studies.
However, current teachers‟ methods of teaching vocabulary seem not to be
so effective that the quality is far from being satisfactory.
The result of this study indicated that the quality of teaching and
learning vocabulary was not really good. Besides, teachers have not made
use of movies and videos in teaching though they are supposed to help retain
students‟ motivation, lengthen students‟ memory and better their
pronunciation. Furthermore, each technique still has some limitations so this
study also provides some suggestions for teachers to partly deal with them.
5
CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE
Acknowledgements
Abstract
List of figures and tables
CHAPTER1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Statement of the problem and the rationale for the study 1
1.2. Aims and objective of the study 2
1.3. Significance of the study 3
1.4. Scope of the study 3
1.5. Organization 4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
I. Introduction 5
II. Content
teaching vocabulary 10
2.4. Summary 15
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
6
3.1. Participants 16
3.5. Summary 22
APPENDICES
7
List of table and Figures:
Table 1 A summary of the geographical locations 17
teaching vocabulary
9
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
10
find it difficult and feel unconfident to reproduce their vocabulary to
communicate with foreigners.
11
10th form students in Hanoi. Moreover, this paper also provides some
recommendations for effective application.
Research questions:
12
of English proficiency ranges from elementary to intermediate ones. In
addition, some pedagogical implications are recommended with the
expectation to be served as beneficial reference for teachers.
V, Organization
13
suggestions for further studies as well.
14
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
I, Introduction
II, Content
15
1. All the words that a person knows or uses
3. The words that people use when they are talking about a particular
subject
16
the meaning of the phrase cannot be deduced from an analysis of the
component words. A useful convention is to cover all such cases by talking
‘items’ rather than ‘words” (1996, p. 60).”. By this way, he defines that
vocabulary is bigger than just the meaning of words. It covers a huge aspect
of language and is the medium to express idea.
To sum up, there are various ways to define the concept “vocabulary”.
Nevertheless, it is in favor that vocabulary is a total number of words existed
in language, including single words to express idea as well as multi- word
idioms which can be understood in the contexts.
17
Additionally, vocabulary as a means of communication, without words or
vocabulary, how we can think and communicate with others. Vocabulary
makes much effect on other English skills: writing, speaking, listening and
reading. John Langan supported that: “A good command of many words will
make you a better writer, speaker, listener and reader. Studies have shown
that students with a strong vocabulary and students who work to improve
limited vocabulary are more successful in school. In addition, one research
school study found that a good vocabulary, more than any other factors, was
common to people enjoying successful careers. To make it short, vocabulary
is considered a vital part of effective communication; therefore, teaching
vocabulary is necessary. I. S. P. Nation offered that: “Giving attention to
vocabulary is unavoidable. Even the most formal or communication-
directed approaches to language teaching must deal with needed vocabulary
in one way or another.”
18
2.1.3. Classification of vocabulary
There are various ways to classify the kinds of vocabulary. In the first
place, in terms of semantics (meaning of the words), it is classified into
Notional words and Functional words. The former, whose meanings are
lexical, has certain terminal meaning and server as members of the sentence
such as subjects, attributes, adverbials. Notional words are nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, numerals, verbs, adverbs; they name objects, actions, quality and
so on. Whereas, functional words have grammatical meaning, they only have
meanings in relation to other words. They play structural roles and show the
relationship between words or between other parts of the sentences, or help
to build various tenses, voices and moods, etc. Functional words are articles,
prepositions, conjunctions, interjections, and so forth. Moreover, according
to Doff (1988), vocabulary can be classified into active vocabulary and
passive vocabulary in terms of methodology. The active vocabulary
mentions words, which learners can understand, pronounce correctly without
context and use effectively in speaking and writing. On the other hand, the
passive vocabulary is the words that are encountered or understood in
context such as in reading or listening but they are not used in speaking or
writing. Another category to classify vocabulary is in terms of
communicative language teaching. Learner‟s vocabulary is divided into
receptive and productive vocabulary (Nguyen Bang and Nguyen Ba Ngoc,
2002, p. 36). The receptive vocabulary refers to learner‟s understanding of
vocabulary when he hears or reads it. In other words, it is words learners
achieve while hearing, listening or reading. Productive vocabulary denotes
the understanding of words or phrases in verbal or written scenarios (Belisle,
19
2007). It means that productive vocabulary is what learners can use
effectively in communication to express their idea.
As mentioned above, video and movies provide not only sound but
also vision therefore, learners have chance to listen and see the moving
pictures at the same time. Learners would find it more interesting so video
and movies help to draw the attention and capture the interest of learners.
The benefit of using them in teaching and learning is undeniable. Followings
are some advantages of using videos and movies to teach vocabulary.
20
In the first place, video and movies are motivators. They help to
motivate learners and maintain their interest, attention during the lesson. In
classroom where the teacher keeps talking all the times and has nothing to
attract learners‟ attention, learners will get bored and tired. By using video
and movies, teacher will not have to talk much and encourage students to
talk more, which results in more learners‟ participation. Besides, video is a
combination of sound, colorful pictures and human- video interactions,
which is quite different from traditional classes with text- books, cassettes in
bad quality and non- native speakers. Video and movies are more effective
than traditional printed textbooks. What students can see from the textbooks
are only dead words and sentences. Students would become more excited to
experience this new way of teaching and learning. They would be more
eager to try to understand the new language and remember them for long
time. Learning with videos with chance to be acquainted with the native
voice, which makes students not feel so isolated from the real world and
they absorb the new language without being aware of this. When watching
videos, students would not aware that they are learning so they feel free
from pressure and stressful situation in traditional language classes. They
learn the language incidentally and as a result, they gain success. There are a
series of studies by Guildea, Miller and Wurtenberg (1990) which provide
support for video use. According to them, the learners who saw video
pictures were able to produce a higher percentage of acceptable sentences
using the most difficult target words than were the learner who read only the
narratives or those who read both the narratives and definitions. In the words
of the researchers, “Pictures (video) improve sentence production for many
words” ( Gildea, 1990).
21
In addition, as educators, our goal of course is to get students engaged
in learning. Video can help us do this work effectively. According to Lori
Grinffin, curriculum Director, Library Video Company, “video is clearly an
instructional medium that generates excitement. Using sight and sound,
video is the perfect medium for students.”, learners would feel really excited
in learning by watching videos. Since there are lots of videos which are
designed for foreign language purposes, they can combine learning with
entertainment such as watching films, cartoon. Besides, students have a lot
of fun; they would find English learning far more interesting.
In the next place, videos and movies help to create the good language
environment. By watching videos or movies, students have chance to listen
to the native speakers with standard pronunciation, accent, intonation and
stress. At the same time, students will achieve new words as well as their
correct use. Learners still feel shy to ask teachers because they can be
blamed on not paying attention to the lesson. By watching them, students
can understand clearly the reason why in this situation we use this word not
others. Furthermore, the ability to stop, start and rewind video can be
invaluable. Whenever students feel the words difficult, teacher can stop and
rewind it until they are clear. Therefore, learners will find it far easier to
understand difficult and new structures or expressions as well as know the
way to pronounce words at the same time. Teachers can give more
explanation if necessary.
Some research shows the fact that five minutes of a short sequence
taken from a video is equal to forty- five minutes learning with traditional
books. Video is considered as a powerful medium because of the wide sense
of the term such as it presents the language in the full context, which helps
22
students know how to use language correctly. Students would find it easier
to remember the new vocabulary as well as the use of them as they are put in
specific context. Moreover, they know how to pronounce the words more
precisely. In addition, learners would find studying more interesting because
they do not have to listen to one voice all the time; instead, they could watch
and listen at the same time. Among many kinds of visual aids, video and
movies are recognized as the two most effective methods of teaching and
learning. In comparison with other visual aids such as pictures and
flashcards, which only provide the image or audiocassettes that present new
vocabulary through sound, video is absolutely better. Videos and movies
provide both sound and moving pictures, which both interests and motivates
learners. Video can be compared with radio or television, it is certainly more
preferable. It is clear that in the video learners can achieve advantages in
learning through both radio and television. By watching videos and movies,
the learners do not just hear the language but see the context in which it is
used. Besides, with TV sometimes we can not select the program that is
appropriate to learners‟ level as well as the content of the lesson but we can
do this with video. Further more, the source of video and movies is not
limited, almost any video can be used to teach English, especially
vocabulary such as commercial films, TV program and so on.
In short, video and movies are effective aids, which help to facilitate
teaching and learning process. It is a very flexible medium. Especially, video
has been used in language teaching in many countries. According to a recent
teacher survey, 94% of classroom teachers had effectively used video during
the course of an academic year (Lori Griffin).
2.4. Summary
This chapter has dealt with the theoretical background of the study with
the basic but necessary knowledge of English vocabulary and using movies
and videos for teaching vocabulary. In order to find out the current situation
of teaching vocabulary as well as the application of movies and videos for
teaching vocabulary at high schools in Hanoi, a survey was conducted;
which would be reported in the chapter 3.
25
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
The literature on the research topic was briefly reviewed for the
theoretical basis of the study. To continue, this chapter presents the practical
side of this study, the author‟s research on how movies and videos are used
and how useful they are for English vocabulary teaching at some high
school. The participants, the instrument as well as the procedure of data
collection and analysis are discussed in detail in this chapter.
3.1. Participants.
In order to undertake this study, the author conducted the survey to both
teachers of English and grade 10 students at high school in Hanoi.
The teachers the researchers got here have vital role in designing and
facilitating the activities in their language classrooms. Therefore, ten
grade10 teachers at Thang Long, Nguyen Gia Thieu and Lomonxop high
schools involved in the data collection process to report the factual situations
of English teaching and learning at their school as well as to share their
valuable experience related to the topic. The choice of schools was made to
ensure that they should come from across the city rather than the same
district. This diversity is illustrated in table 1 below
26
High schools Number of Location (district in
teachers Hanoi)
Lomonoxop 2 Tu Liem
Most of the teachers in the survey were female aged from 30 to 48. Their
teaching experience widely ranged from 8 to 24 years. Each teacher taught at
least 3 to 4 classes, i.e. 12 to 15 periods of English per week. Furthermore,
the main teaching material is the three- year course book. Moreover, the
Communicative Language Teaching method is used by majority of the
teachers here.
The second subject of this survey was the limited number of 100 students
in the 10th form at Thang Long high school in Hanoi, where the researcher
did practicum. They were both male and female at the age of sixteen years
old. They are in 3 groups 10A12, 10A8 and 10A5 from the mainstream.
Some of them have been learning for 4 to 10 years, and some for 8 or 9
years. It is notable that among 100 students, 47 students preferred English as
the main subject when they get the entrance exam to the university whereas
53 students only considered English as a high school subject. Their main
purpose of learning was not only to get the good results in written tests but
27
also to have good competence of spoken language. During their English
lessons, they had chance to work in pairs, groups and to take part in
activities such as discussion or games. In addition, the learning facilities
such as reference books, tapes, cassettes or overhead projector were
available there. However, the classes were so large, often from 40 to 50
students.
3.2.1. Questionnaire.
28
analysis, as well as the comprehensive collection of information (Nunan,
1989, cited in Hoang & Nguyen, 2006, p.21).
The process of data collection could be put into three major phases as
follows.
Phase1:
29
The first phase was the preparation for the data collection including the
designing of two questionnaires. All personal information of the participants
was ensured to be kept confidential. Besides, thanks to the invaluable
supervision from my supervisor and friends, the survey questionnaires were
much improved and carefully designed.
Phase 2:
Phase 3:
Then, some semi- interviews with 5 students who had previously used
movies and videos to learning vocabulary were conducted after their class.
3.5. Summary
32
CHAPTER4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In the previous chapter, the methodology applied in this study
has been presented with descriptions and justification of the
selection of subjects, the instruments and the process of data
collection as well as data analysis. In this chapter, all collected data
will be analyzed and discussed to reveal the answers to each
research question relatively.
4.1. Research question 1: Current situations of teaching and learning
vocabulary at high school in Hanoi.
33
learning vocabulary, how much time they spend on learning vocabulary and
the difficulties they have when learning it.
As can be seen from the table, students are all aware of the importance
of learning vocabulary. 72% of students think that learning vocabulary play
an important part in learning language, 18 % of them find it very important
and none of them consider it unimportant at all. To have an insight to this
matter, students were interviewed about the reason why they considered
vocabulary or learning vocabulary important. Most of them said that the
more they know, the more chance they get high marks in their tests. Besides,
some students supposed rich command of vocabulary could help them
practice all four skills. For instance, with a good knowledge of vocabulary,
they felt more confident to communicate with others as well as they had
more choices of words for their writing. Furthermore, all of them claimed
that it would be impossible to communicate without vocabulary.
From the table, it is clear that students all know the importance of
vocabulary as well as learning vocabulary. However, as can be seen from the
pie chart below, majority of the students (84%) only spent less than 1 hour to
learn vocabulary, less than one sixth of students (15%) spent between 1hour
34
and 2 hours to learn vocabulary and only two students spent more than two
hours to learn.
The table indicates that 58% of the students usually have difficulties
in learning vocabulary. Besides, about 39% of them sometimes have
difficulties and only 3 students are confident to claim that they have no
difficulties. When being asked to specify their difficulties, each student felt
free to show their idea about this issue. They all had their own ideas, which
35
could be summarized into some main ones. Generally speaking, most of
them found that it was so difficult to remember all the words with both
pronunciation and spelling or writing. Some students specified that there
were so many words learnt but they had not many chances to use them,
hence, they forgot them easily. Others supposed that in English, with only
one word, it has so many meanings, forms, and it could be used in different
situations, different contexts. In addition, they could not distinguish this
word with others so they misunderstood or were confused when using their
vocabularies. Furthermore, minority of them said that it was really difficult
for them to learn some words in their unlike fields. Students‟ difficulties in
learning vocabulary are so various.
36
2 poor
good
46
fair
47
excellent
5
Chart4.2: Students' vocabulary
For question 4, the largest number (47%) of the students said that their
English vocabulary was poor. Smaller percentage (46%) claimed that their
vocabulary was fair. The number of the students who had good knowledge
of vocabulary is only 5 out of 100 students. Only two students felt confident
with their excellent knowledge of vocabulary. In short, majority of students
supposed that their own vocabulary was not good enough. With their limited
vocabulary, how students used their knowledge of vocabulary should be
taken into consideration.
The table below shows that the majority of the students (86%)
sometimes used their vocabulary to discuss with their friends about some
subjects or topics. The smaller percentage (9%) said that they were
unconfident to talk or discuss with their friends in English, it seemed that
they never used what they had learnt. The minority of them (5%) assumed
that they could use their learnt vocabulary competently.
37
Never Sometimes about Use
some matters competently
When being asked more about this issue, some students supposed that
most of them only used their vocabulary to discuss about some matters in the
speaking lesson. Some others claimed that they were not confident with their
knowledge, so they were shy to speak or discuss with others in English.
They did not want their friends know how bad their knowledge was.
In brief, most of the students did not feel satisfied with their own
vocabulary; which could prevent them from communicating with others in
English. All the students were aware of this problem and they wanted to
enrich their vocabulary. They hoped the interesting vocabulary lessons
would help them.
38
Chart 4.3: Teachers’ current vocabulary teaching methods
From the chart, it is clear that the main techniques their teachers of
English use to teach vocabulary are Vietnamese translation with 93 % and
English explanation in the simple way with 88%. Besides, 84% of the
surveyed students revealed that their teachers gave more examples to
illustrate the words‟ meaning. The forth-biggest number of the students
(64%) admitted that their teachers presented the meaning of the English
words in contexts. Movies and videos, which are believed to be less easily
available, prove to be unfamiliar to the students with only 23%. When being
asked about any other teaching techniques their teacher used, three students
agreed that their teachers could use some games to introduce the new
vocabulary and sometimes the new vocabulary could be presented by being
given their synonyms and antonyms. Other three students said that, their
39
teachers also applied the combination of these techniques to teach
vocabulary.
The chart below indicates that the current popular teaching technique-
translating new words into Vietnamese is represented by the nearly smallest
number of students (63%). When being asked for the reason, students said
that this technique made them feel bored and it was so ineffective. Whereas,
the largest proportion (88%) of the students agreed that using English to
define the meaning of the words or explaining new vocabulary in English
interest them most. Besides, the technique – using movies and videos that is
not commonly used in high school in Hanoi gained the slightly lower
percentage (87%). Most of the students claimed that using movies and
videos would make their lessons more interesting and motivating; they could
learn the words more easily. Besides, 6 % of the students also suggested
some other preferable techniques such as using body languages, games or
the combination of all the techniques
40
Chart 4. 4: Students’ preferable teaching techniques
The findings from the table 4. 4 below show that all of the surveyed
teachers recognized the important role of vocabulary as well as teaching
41
vocabulary in a language lesson. Moreover, the majority (7 out of 10) of the
teachers considered vocabulary important. The rest agreed that vocabulary is
very important in learning English. All of them shared the same opinion with
some researchers before that “without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed”
(Wilkin, 1972). Hence, they all agreed that teaching vocabulary was
necessary to help students in their language learning.
Number of teachers 3 7 0
All the teachers supposed that teaching vocabulary played a vital part
in the teaching process. The table below would indicate how much time they
spent on teaching vocabulary.
Number of teachers 8 2 0
42
question, most of the teachers said that the time for teaching vocabulary was
not fixed exactly; it usually depended on the lesson. Besides, they often
spent about 10 or 15 minutes at the beginning of their lessons- the stage
preparing for the lesson teaching vocabulary. All of them said they could not
teach vocabulary in more than 15 minutes because in each lesson there were
so many parts that need covering.
For the question2 in the teachers‟ questionnaire “Have you had any
difficulties in teaching vocabulary?”, All 10 students said that sometimes
they had some difficulties in teaching vocabulary. For example, some words
are so abstract so it is so difficult to define them and explain them clearly for
students to understand.
Teacher 2 8 0 0
43
The table above indicates that two teachers from Nguyen Gia Thieu
high school thought that their students‟ vocabulary was not good enough.
They could not use their vocabulary for discussing in their speaking lessons.
They could not understand what the teachers said in English; therefore, the
teachers had to make everything clear in Vietnamese equivalent. The rest of
the teachers said that in general, their students‟ vocabulary was fair. For
instance, they could practice their English when working in groups or in
pairs with their friends in the speaking lessons. No teachers claimed that
their students had a good command of vocabulary. All of them agreed that of
course, there were some students had good knowledge of vocabulary but
they only represented the small number in the large scale. It is clear that, the
students‟ vocabulary cannot fully come up to the teacher‟s expectation.
The results from the teachers‟ questionnaires and some small talks
with them could be summarized in the following chart.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
44
The figure from the chart could point out that all the teachers choose
translating words into Vietnamese; especially teachers from Nguyen Gia
Thieu high school preferred this technique as the main way of teaching
vocabulary. Eight teachers from two other high schools are in favor of using
English to define the English meaning and then they require the students to
give the Vietnamese equivalent. Only two teachers used videos and movies
in vocabulary lessons. Besides, they also named their difficulties in using
this technique.
All in all, this part has revealed the current situation of teaching and
learning vocabulary at high school in Hanoi. All the teachers and students
have been awareness of the importance of teaching and learning vocabulary
in the process of learning a foreign language. However, the teaching
techniques were not fully made use of to achieve effective learning lessons
as well as to help students enrich their vocabulary. The technique- using
movies and videos was an example, which was preferred much by the
students but only a few teachers use this technique. What students perceived
has not come up to the expectation of both teachers and students.
From the pie chart below, it is apparent that more than half students
(55%) experienced in using this technique to learning English. The rest of
them had never used this kind of technique in learning. However, when
being asked for further information, most of the students who experienced
this technique before supposed that they achieve language incidentally, not
purposefully. They actually considered movies and videos as entertaining
materials and vocabulary can be regarded a product from the process of
watching.
45
Yes Never
55
46
It is obvious that majority of the students agreed that using movies
and videos is necessary for their learning vocabulary. The smaller proportion
(19%) claimed that it was very essential to use this technique. Whereas, only
the small number of students considered that this technique was not
necessary for their learning. Besides, some students (about 5) still wondered
about the necessity of using this technique, they said that they had not used
this technique before so they could not find it necessary or not.
The reason why some students were still confused about this
technique could be partly revealed on how frequency of this technique their
teachers used. As indicated from the below pie chart, only two students
affirm that this technique was usually used and 32 % of the students
confirmed that their teachers sometimes used movies and videos to teach
their vocabulary. Another 32% of the students suggested that their teachers
had never exploited this technique. The highest number of them (34%)
agreed that their teacher rarely applied this technique in teaching vocabulary.
It means that the frequency of using movies and videos at high school in
47
Hanoi is not high, as consequence, the effectiveness of this technique has not
fully exploited.
It is obvious from three questions above that most of the students were
in favor of using movies and videos in the teaching vocabulary lessons and
agreed that it was necessary to learning vocabulary through movies and
videos. It is significant to exploit the effect of this technique on their
learning as well as their classroom atmosphere.
48
Next, as indicated from the below pie chart about the effect of this
techniques on the classroom atmosphere, 74% of the students informed that
their classroom atmosphere would be much more interesting and motivating.
The smaller number of students (24) suggested that this technique could
make their learning atmosphere interesting and motivating. Only 2% of them
affirmed that it could only make a little change in their classroom
atmosphere. It was so glad that none of them said it would not have any
influence on their learning atmosphere in class.
49
Others 5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Chart 4.10: Students’ perception of the effects of using movies and videos
on their vocabulary learning
50
content, which would help them not only better guess and grasp the meaning
of new words but also more precisely pronounce the words.
To make it short, although movies and videos have some weak points,
their advantages overweigh their disadvantages. Most students reported
positive effects in terms of better memory and greater motivation.
Furthermore, movies and videos give students chances to get involved in the
lesson and have better pronunciation. Only the small number of students
held a negative view towards this technique.
Number of 0 0 3 5 2
teachers
Although movies and videos have not been used frequently, most of
the teachers agreed that these materials would have much influence on their
classroom atmosphere as well as advantage on their teaching vocabulary.
52
For question 9 in the questionnaire, all the teachers asserted that the
classroom atmosphere would change. It would be interesting and motivating
because movies and videos attract students‟ attention, lift their eyes from the
book and they would participate more in the lesson.
In summary, although movies and videos have not been used much to
teach English vocabulary, both students and teachers could draw the benefit
of using them in their teaching and learning vocabulary. As concerned
above, using movies and videos have both negative and positive effects; yet,
the former ones overweigh the later. This finding from both teachers and
students suggests that educators and teachers at high schools in Hanoi should
take more advantage of movies and videos to achieve effective vocabulary
lessons.
54
difficulties the teachers have to cope with were shown in the following chart.
The chart indicates that the highest proportion of the students (50%) claimed
that the cause of their teachers‟ failure might result from the choice of
inappropriate movies and videos. 41% added that another teachers‟ difficulty
in using movies and videos was mishap which might occur at any time such
as there is electricity cut off, technical problems and so on. They gave more
detail in the interview that they had chance to study with modern facilities
such as cassette, video, over project and so on; yet, these equipments did not
always work properly. According to 21% of the students, in the films or
videos, there were often many unnecessary or distracted scenes, which may
cause the teachers‟ failure. Besides 4% informed that when students were so
excited about the film, they would discuss with each other much, which
made their classroom so noisy.
other 4
distracted scenes 21
When the same matter was elicited from the teachers, they also agreed
with the students‟ opinion. All 10 teachers claimed that it was difficult for
them to make choice of the suitable movies and videos for their lessons and
mishap might occur without their awareness in advance. All of these would
55
make them lack confidence and have wrong attitudes towards using videos
in vocabulary teaching. Besides, three teachers from Nguyen Gia Thieu high
school informed that their school lacked necessary equipment. Four out of
them asserted that there would be some unnecessary scenes, which distracted
students from the lessons. Besides, teachers went further in the interview
that some students were so lazy, their mind wandered and they did nothing
at all during the vocabulary lesson but talk to their friends. Hereby, the
teaching purposes would not be fulfilled.
others 3
mishap 10
distracted scenes 4
lack of equipment 3
difficult choice of the suitable movies
10
and videos
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
4.4.Summary
In conclusion, this chapter has successively provided answers to each
of the research questions via a thorough analysis and discussion basing on
the collected data. Major findings as detailed above would be summarized in
the conclusion as the final chapter of this research paper.
56
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
Previous chapters have thoroughly presented the introduction, the
theory background – literature review, the implementation as well as the
results of the research. Last but not least, this chapter includes the
summarizing and evaluation on the outcomes of the whole research; the
findings, contribution, limitation of the research and some pedagogical
implications and recommendations for further studies.
The study initially confirms that both teachers and students had
positive attitudes towards vocabulary as well as vocabulary teaching and
learning. The majority of them agreed that vocabulary played an important
or even very important part in learning and teaching a foreign language.
57
highly appreciated by the students. When introducing new words, teachers
made modeling first then let students write them down in their notebooks
and asked them to read the new words aloud. As a result, students were
bored with being so passive in learning and they had few opportunities to
use the newly- learnt items so they would easily and quickly forget them. It
is necessary for teachers to make some changes in the methods of teaching
vocabulary.
Next, the researcher also got down to find the students‟ most
preferable techniques. Although movies and videos were not taken as an
official technique of teaching vocabulary, they appeared to be also the good
choice for teaching. Findings from the questionnaire and interviews helped
the researcher draw that movies and videos could be used to some extent. In
the first place, students would find more interested and motivated because
they would be attracted to interesting pictures, sound and the content.
Besides, their long- term memory of learning through this technique are
undeniable because students could remind the scene in which the words
presented as well as the situation they were utilized. Last but not least,
students could have more precise pronunciation; because they had chance to
listen to different native speakers instead of non- native speaker. Although
the positive effects movies and videos brings about were assumed by both
teachers and students, teachers did not use them often. They claimed that
movies and videos were somehow distracting and time- consuming to
prepare or teach as well as some unexpected mishaps.
It was learnt from the survey that the mishap that might occur during
the lesson was a considerable difficult to further studies on using movies and
videos. It is undeniable that the unexpected mishaps occurs, they could ruin
their lessons. However, the work could be good if teachers thought about
these things beforehand. It is a recommendation that teacher should spend
some time getting themselves to the videos and studying how to use it
skillfully. When any minor technical problem occurs, they can repair it
easily by themselves. It is necessary for teacher because it helps not only to
give confidence but also to fully exploit this technique.
In addition to that, a choice for suitable movies and videos was also
mentioned one of the major difficulties confronted by the teacher. The
resources of videos and movies are available on the Internet, moreover,
teachers now as quite familiar with how to use the Internet. Specially, videos
and movies for educational purpose should be more preferable.
59
Moreover, many distracted scenes in the videos were also a trouble to
the teachers. Undeniably, these scenes could get them far from the lessons
and could not fulfill the teaching purposes. Strategic stopping is essential.
The students do not need to see a whole film, nor a whole scene if it is not
relevant. Therefore, the teachers should control what their students see and
hear by planning how to exploit the film and knowing the exact counter
position of irrelevant scenes to be omitted.
Although movies and videos are widely utilized all over the world,
they remain underexploited in Vietnam. Researches on this matter is still
rare or unsystematic, hence, it is recommended that further studies should be
conducted. For instance, those who wish to study more about the
exploitation of movies and videos in teaching vocabulary to the 10 th form
60
students in Hanoi should expand and vary the sampling of participants.
Specially, teachers and students from different classrooms at various schools
at different districts in Hanoi should be involved for better
representativeness. Larger samples mean that different techniques of
teaching vocabulary as well as different points of view could be achieved to
have an overall view on this matter. Moreover, other researchers should fully
be employed more method instruments besides questionnaires and
interviews. Class observation is strongly recommended to get insight this
issue.
62
All in all, the research could be considerable useful for teachers,
educationists as well as research working on the related studies.
First of all, for the teachers, the study explore the current situation of
teaching and learning vocabulary and another way for teaching vocabulary
to the 10th form students in Hanoi rather than the tradition way, which is
popularly employed. Therefore, the research first and foremost would help
teachers to have a view their teaching vocabulary and how effective of their
technique. Besides, teachers would be more aware of movies and videos as
another useful technique, which can make their lesson more motivating and
effective.
Last but not least, as regards the researchers, those who happen to
interest in this issue or langue teaching and learning could take this research
for reference with reliable and useful information.
63
REFERENCES
1. Mc CathyM (1992). Vocabulary. Oxford University Press.
2. Carter P & Mc Carthy (1988). Vocabulary and language teaching.
3. Morgan. J & Rinolucri. M. (1986) Vocabulary. London Oxford
University Press.
4. Billows, F.L. The Techniques of Language Teaching. London.
Longman
5. Virginia F. Allen. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary
6. Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary. Third edition. Cambridge
University Press.
7. Cees M. Koolstra and Jonannes W. J. Beentjes (1999). Children's
vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language through watching
subtitled television programs at home. Educational Technology
Research and Development, 47, (1). Springer Boston.
8. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995). Longman.
9. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Online
64
14. Bibi Baxter. Using video to teach English. (Retrieved from the 10th
February 2010 from the website:
http://www.musicalenglishlessons.org/video/bean.htm)
16. Lori Griffin, Using videos in the classroom. (Retrieved on the 25th
February 2010 from the website:
http://www.libraryvideo.com/articles/article13.asp)
17. Online video for ELT (2008). (Retrieved on the 20th March 2010 from
the website:
http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/online-video-elt)
65
APPENDICES
PHIẾU ĐIỀU TRA
Họ tên: …………………………………
Phiếu điều tra này được soạn nhằm mục đích phục vục cho đề tài khóa luận
về việc dạy từ vựng thông qua phim và video.
Rất mong nhận được sự giúp đỡ của các bạn bằng việc trả lời những câu hỏi
dưới đây một cách xác thực. tôi xin đảm bảo nội dung câu trả lời sẽ được
đảm bảo và chỉ được phục vụ cho mục đích nghiên cứu. Mọi thông tin về
người tham gia sẽ không được tiết lộ dưới bất kỳ hình thức nào.
Hướng dẫn: Hãy khoanh tròn lựa chọn của các em a, b, c hoặc d.
b. Quan trọng
b. Thỉnh thoảng
c. Đương nhiên là có
66
Những khó khăn là:
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
4. Em nhận thấy vốn từ vựng của bạn hiện nay thế nào?
b. Chỉ thỉnh thoảng trao đổi với bạn về một lĩnh vực nào đó
67
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
c. Có ví dụ minh họa
………………………………………………………………………
9. Em thấy viêc học từ mới thông qua phim và video có cần thiết không?
b. Cần thiết
d. Ý kiến khác:
………………………………………………………………………
68
11. Theo em, sử dụng phim và video có mang lại lợi ích học tập nào
không?
12. Theo em, không khí lớp bạn có sôi nổi và thú vị hơn khi thầy cô sử
dụng phim và video không?
13. Sử dụng phim và video để dạy từ vựng ảnh hưởng đến vốn từ vựng
của em:
e. Ý kiến khác:
..............................................................................................................
14. Theo em, thầy cô giáo có gặp khó khăn khi sử dụng phim và video để
dạy từ vựng không?
a. Có b. Không
15. Theo em, giáo viên gặp khó khăn gì khi sử dụng phim và video để dạy
từ vựng?
e. Ý kiến khác
………………………………………………………………………
70
Student Survey Questionnaire
This survey is designed on the purpose of getting necessary data for the
study on using movies and videos to teach vocabulary to the 10 th form
students. Your personal information will be kept strictly confidential. Please
give your answers truthfully for a guaranteed success of the research.
__________________________________________
a. poor c. good
b. fair d. excellent
c. yes, competently
a. Yes b. No
9. How necessary do you think movies and videos are in learning English
vocabulary?
10. How often are you taught vocabulary through movies and videos?
d. rarely e. never
11. In your opinion, can watching movies and videos give you any learning
benefits.
a. yes b. no c. It depends
12. From your point of view, how interesting and motivating is your class
when your teacher uses movies and videos?
13. What effects do movies and videos have on your vocabulary learning?
b) Lack of equipment
c) Distracted scenes
d) Mishap might occur
e) Others:
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
74
Survey questionnaire for teachers
Name: …………………………………………
Address: …………………..
a. Very important
b. Important
c. not important at all
75
a. poor c. good
b. fair d. excellent
6. do you think movies and videos are the useful technique should be used
when you teach English vocabulary?
a. Yes b. No c. no idea
7. In your opinion, can movies and videos help your students learn
vocabulary more effectively and sufficiently in terms of meaning, use and
form?
a. yes b. no c. No idea
8. How often do you teach vocabulary to your students through movies and
videos?
d. rarely e. never
9. How interesting and motivating do you think your class is when you use
movies and videos to teach vocabulary to them?
76
a. interesting and motivating
10. What effects do movies and videos have on your vocabulary teaching?
b) lack of equipments
e) Others:
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
77