PRESENTATION.

BHARAT SANCHAR
NIGAM LTD.

HIMANSHU
EC 08L068
TH SEM.
INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS BSNL
 COMPANY’S PROFILE

 PRODUCT AND SERVICES

 TYPES OF EXCHANGES

 LAYOUT OF EXCHANGES

 CALL PROCESSING

 TESTING AND DETECTION OF FAULTS

BHARAT SANCHAR
NIGAM LTD.

 BSNL is the largest telecom operator in

India
 On October 1,2000 the Department of
Telecom Operations, Government of India
became a corporation and was christened
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL).
 Service is being provided through 32,000
electronic exchanges.
BHARAT SANCHAR
NIGAM LTD. (Cont.)
 Over 2.5 lakh km of Optical Fiber Cable
used
 The Telephone infrastructure alone is
worth about Rs. 1,00,000 crore (US $
21.2 billion)
 Today with a 37 million line capacity,
99.9% of its exchanges are DIGITAL
 PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES

 BSNL connects four corners of the

country
 It provides world class facilities
round the clock
PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES (Cont.)

 Cellular Service
 Basic Telephone Services
 Internet
 ISDN
 Intelligent Network
 Wireless In Local Loop
 Leased Lines
TYPES OF EXCHANGES

There are many types of exchanges

like:
 OCB

 E-10B

 SEIMENS

 C-DOT
OCB-283

WHAT IS OCB ?
 OCB means Organ Control Bhersion which is a French
word.
 Alcatel of France has developed this DIGITAL System in
1991(R-11 ver.)
Salient Features Of
OCB
 It supports both analog and digital signal.
 The call processing program is distributed over
different control organs of the system and is stored
in ROM/RAM of the units.
 The system is made up of only 35 types of cards
 The system has automatic recovery feature when
serious fault occurs in control station
 Back up unit brings back exchange to its normal
functioning.
Specifications.
 It is digital switching system;
maximum of 2048 PCM’s can be
connected.
 The system supports all the existing
signaling system e.g. MF (R2) for
E10B, CAS, CCS7.
 The traffic handling capacity of the
system is huge depending on the
traffic, 200,000 subscribers or
60,0000 circuits.
Main Divisions Of OCB-
283
 MDF Room.
 Exploitation
Room.
 Switching Room.
 Power Room.
MDF ROOM
WHAT IS MDF ROOM
 MDF stands for Main
Distribution Frame.
 It is divided into two
parts :
 VDF

 HDF
MDF ROOM (Cont.)
 This room is used to distribute the subscriber’s call
according to his request.
 The distribution frame provides easy and flexible
interconnection, isolation point for testing, protective
devices used for safety of exchange equipment etc.
 All lines are coming from subscribers, non exchange lines,
telex lines and analog junction lines are meeting here.
MDF ROOM (Cont.)
 One side of MDF is “Exchange
side” and other is called “Line
Side”.
 MDF is a link between Exchange
and Subscribers.
 It helps in deciding that whether
the fault is internal or external.
MDF ROOM (Cont.)
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
 Twisted Pair:

Two wires each having

its own insulation (low
frequency)
 Coaxial cable:

To connect subscribers
with exchange (high
frequency).
 Optical Fiber Cable:

To connect two
exchanges.
Switching Room
 The hardware equipment of the OCB
283 consists of a set of control
(multiprocessor) station SM.
 It consists of Racks that has CARDS
fitted in it.
RACKS
 SMC : Main Control Station
 SMA : Auxiliary Equipment SM
 SMT : PCM trunk SM
 SMX : Switching Matrix SM
 SMM : Maintenance SM
Switching Room (Cont.)
CARDS
Types Of Cards.

There are four types of cards :

 For analog signal: TABAF,
TABASE.
 For digital signal: TABND, TADPB.
 TABAF card is for STD PCO Subscribers.
 TABASE card is for local subscriber.
 TABNP card is for basic ISDN.
Switching Room (Cont.)
 SMC: Main Control Station
It consists of MR, MQ, TR,
TX, PC, GX, which helps, in
call processing.
 (SMA): Auxiliary
Multiprocessor Station
It is used for Tone generation,
CCITT 7 signaling management,
Conference call.
Switching Room (Cont.)
 (SMT): Trunk Multiprocessors Station
Provide terminations of a maximum of 128
PCM from trunks, CSED and CSND.
 (SMX): Switching Multiprocessor
Station
Provide connection between subscribers,
subscriber to junction, junction to junction
Subs., Fault and alarm processing
 (SMM A and B) Maintenance Station
It works as hot stand.It has got two mirror
unique hard disks of 1.2 Gb capacities.
Exploitation Room
Exploitation Room
(Cont.)
 Also known as Operational and
Maintenance Room (OMR).
 All the operations are done through
system software by operating different
commands over there.
 Computers present in the room are
having Software's like DOT-SOFT etc.
 These Computers have all the records,
facilities of subscriber.
Call Processing
Call Processing
 Off Hook Condition.
 Feeding Dial Tone.
 Digit Receiving.
 Digit Analysis.
 Release Tandem
Call.
 Power Supplies
and Ringers.
Power Plant Of
Exchange
 Power plants are designed for
continuous handling of constant load.
 The main exchange requires two types
of supplies :
 The first one is 48 V DC supply mainly
for switch room.
 The second one is 220V AC supply for
switch room mainly for computer
peripheral devices.
OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR
OCB FUNCTIONING:
 AIR CONDITIONERS.
 MICROPROCESSORS.
 BATTERY AND POWER SUPPLY.
 POWER ROOM.
 GENERATORS.
 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER.
 HUMIDITY CONTROLLER.
 FIRE DETECTORS AND EXTINGUISHERS.
 EARTHING CONDUCTORS.
 RECTIFIERS
Subscriber facilities
The E-10B system offers a number of facilities
to its subscribers.
 Hotline
 Detailed billing
 Absent service
 Barred access
 Malicious call tracing
 Outgoing only subscribers
 Incoming only subscribers
 Abbreviated dialing
 Conference call
 Automatic alarm call
COMPARISON BETWEEN
OCB-283 AND E-10 B :
OCB E-10B
PCM’s 384 2048
Subscribers 49000 200000
Traffic(ERLONG) 4000 25000
CCS#7 NO YES
ISDN NO YES
THANK YOU