1 - 2.

LIMIT

Ml.-T-J

1-'2.. LIMIT

1) Ne.i~~ t?1 a /rtYz- a.. E R. ;

S; a ~ a MAll ~ a...uL b, c. E: R;) b <. <, Gl E- (bJ c.)_, ~ (b, c.) ~ CDl1uL Cl. ~~ of a ..

2.) 0- "YUi~.hmn:l t1 a. be! a. E I< :

-4. a i6 a. MA..l ~ a.rwL d U a.. ~ve. /l:HLL. ~" ~ .th£. ~ WL~ (a-5, a+§) U call1lJ.. tk£. S ~~ e; a.. 9.t.i.6 c:I.lhuJW- h7J N (a. .. s ).

ThL b'OM11.- (0.-8, a.+~)·16 (4180"- ft1L ~ ~ DlN(4)bJ.

AlAtJ, N (a.) d) :=. {::x.I a.-Sc::. x <. a. +~.J x, .. ,,=, R }

=- \ 7C. I 0 ~ !:X.-a.lc::: 0.1 x. E=R.}

5) Th.2.. d.R..' tt;cJ_ S -~. at a.. :

'Thrl.. AJLt N (fl., 8) - {o..} i.6 U) flu, thu.. ~ a- ~~8UA-hm-rL er ,Q.., a.M.al id d..4Nu; w.. tua N' (Gl .. E j .

Th.u.6_, N if (ll)~) - N (~) 6) - {a..}

= t x. I 0 ~ lx-a., <.6, x..e; R } - {a.} - t= 'I 0<. 1x.-a.1 <.li_, x. ER.}

- ((J.-~, a ) U (a., a..+lJ)

4 ) Li?KLt!?l- a. ~:

~p.cu.. blJL .~ D ~ l!lf; a. /l.4.A..L ~~ .. ~ t ~ a. dil'tQJ,. ~~ tJl-D... ~ c..o~~ tiJ ~ G '70~ we. CflA1, IfiM.d. a.. 6 > 0 .o.u.dt., ~ .

a..-5<.%.-C:::a.+o, x..#=-a., .:;r...':; Db- => L-,IC c::. r(?::)·oe::.: l+E- .. ,(1) btatt.- we. ~ ;tIv2.t aA z.. ~ t<J Gl, .thL 1..irwlt.t ot t (a) i6 t ~ we. ~ .fint. ~(x.) = L.

:X..-a..

ThL l..EJ'rVli,./i8'J'L l1) Gc:LYl.- tJ1J.o he. w-\.C..tt.tAt. ~ .tha.. ~

~'an. t:W ~.:

l.r;f x., 0 '- I, ;X...-t11 '" l; J X. E Db=> I r(x.) - 1.1 or!. E- .. - . -, tZ)

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2. - T-2.

~ the., not.a.tl,C1YL &b 'YI.£i~, (2.) t:.aM. 4 ufl.{IMtlt1 tU v-~) x E N1t (a .. d), :x:.. EDt => r(~) € N (f.,E) ... (3).

S} The. R.L(rt .ftaAvi. P..iwUC :

s.u.p~ ~ u do_lJ1~ 6"VL ~ im.t~ (c J a.). 9.t (J1t'- weAIJ

E "7 0 we CQ.M. .~ 0: > 0 A..U.dt..;t:hpJ;

x. E: (a.-iS) a), x. E: D~ ==? I ~(a)-LI ~ E:-

th.aM, we. 4 th4t 11.&. :x.. t~ 1:0 a. ~ ~ b.frC, ~ (x) tlA'l.&ld :1:0 1. rYl.-.:tna..t M x.. _". a , ±h£.. Lt1rt MMLL ~ ~

IT (:;(. J i6 .1..,. TkA..& ki W1.A. ~ GIA LM-t.. b (:OJt) := L.

;;:c,~a.-

6) ThL M'lhf ~ .~.:

~ ~ i6 ~ m1.., .-6.8mJ2. ~ (a. ... C.). ~ b-o"'L ~ E- > 0 J we. c.a..n.. bi~ b » 0 AiLJ..c4, tJut.t

?(. e- t D., a. + 5 ), ?C.. E: D t => I r (:;;c. J - L I < e

~ L<l1'f. 4f.U;j' ~. (.\4. x. ~ i:b tl.. /(tbm.- .th.e. tufrkt J

~ (a:) J;tA'I.Ii& 1:a J.. Olt. tJvJ; Q.d' :0(.. _..,. a. ~ :thL ~ ~ ~

8i Ir (~)" L. Th..i.o i6 LA."" .. Ltte-YL a.A ~a.+ fr (y(. ) =- s. ..

7) ~:

Su.fp.os.a.. r U Cl IzJ1A..! ~ct..ln1.. trb a_ ~. ~ 0IJ1J., I..tLt

a. E D k' .:i£- fe't ~ E :;-. 0, we. CQM.. riwl. c > 0 I ~. tIta:J;

'¢ :L, ;;%.. tEo N (a:" 0), :x.. ED k ~ b- (a) E N (~( aJ J E»)

:th4tt, we 4 ~ t lA· ~ aLa.,

9t If W cl.JJ..bi.tyLtUi... ~~ ~ a. ruU~~ .~ ct. we.

(QM, also ~~ t:hiz. ~ ~'81'L .~ :l:hL tro~

tro~·

r is ~ al: 0- ~ ~a. Ir (:;c) ~ 0Atd it. .~

h l- (a.. J . Th.uA .iL ~ J.. (,;;t.) , ~ ~ (';t..) QNI..t:L b- (().) aJ.L

D 11 X~a.+ D . 'X,--a.-

e.or.i.&~ Q.tt.d. Q..hJJ.. €.tfjJ-a-l ~ ~~ i6 ~ ai; Gl.

8) Li~.&I: a.~U ~8tL;

~ ~ i.& ~.tyIfU/,. ~ ~ d a 14 t4. J.. 'Ytfl.i.a'Jl[JUh,.lwtrJ.. fl1J a. a.M.iL

~ k ('X) = b Q.NI.tL Lb- q i.6 d.afi.~ m A.81kL dJJ.d,bJ ~ ...

~-a. CI

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2.-T-3

M-o-cL t1 b a.;uL ~ 3 (y) = L, ~ ~ a [t(;(J] ;: I.. [(f=H;()] Tht.6 is CrA11liL thL /l.LLLL fitrt. tka.. ~ t1- a. ~JA. ~, M~ .. 't€ (J u. ~ " b , ~ r-:b ~(~) = (}Lb).

., ~ d- [~(x.)J:= ath) := 1 (~a. ~(X.)J.

q ) ~~ d1rfII.. £1M., ~eh.l.rrJ1, :

9.f- a ~tm.. ,f: (a,bj - R. i.6 ~ at: ~ ~E:(a. .. b)

we 4 fS,.a.t ~ i.& l..CYI.ii.l'ftLl.JtUd tm.. (Q~ b J .

1f Ir is d4.f1,..uu.L &n.. a. ~ ~ [Q~ b] ~ it (j) t U ~ ai: ~ x E:- (a~h),

Ui) ~ ~(~):::: r(o..) (~ If i6 ~ ~ t:hL

::;(''''''a+ . a

h-i.~ O-t a.) ~ CAM.d..

(iii) ,t:b- r (:;t.) = ~(bJ (L e., r l.6 ~ ~ :J:kL

~ o..t b),

:th£tt.. ~ i6 Aai.J.. h hiL LtJrLL.,yu.L.b1..l4 ovfh. [a..1 h].

S:.ir r ~ ~ cd: ~ p.MM-t '* D 6-, we. 4 ~ ~ i.6 ~ 01rf/l. i16 ~ J ola. M~ i:1t.a.t' r U ~.

10) Ll~ t1 0.. ~.:

s..u.r~ ta.".} i6 a.. ~ Q.M...Oi. L i.6 a. It4A1. ~, .2+) f1t» e.a.ck. E:-"/ 0, we. caN\..- ~ 7)1.. E N ~ ~ >

1\.. 3- 1')1\.. ) 7\. tS- N ==> I 11" - fL I ~ E-, ~ I.t.F'e. 4 tka:t :tktL tifYVlit t1 ixa: ~ {a n} i.e L QM..cL we. wUt.t. ~ Q'YI,::: R. .

,h.U i4 !l.fli)Jl.,: As ?1. ~ ;to w..~Mil:i I Q ')'l ~ JiJ L.

11) ~ ~~: 4, ~ a. ~ {an}, we ca.tL ~

p..tr.t..i1ive. ~ /VI such, tho..t I an I ~ M) "'rI" 7L E: N J ~

111L ~ {an} i<S "o~ til h.t2.. ~.

I 2.) M muJ:tt:m.ic AUf~j A ~dL {Q.?'I.} ~ Aa.J_ tn hL aM.. m.~ AUffLMlUl. if -n,1 n2. E N.. 'n, '";1 'YL2. =* 0.11, ~, GlrL", aMJ. i6 co lIn.d. 0.. ~ ~ 't/r n1:> n2,. =;. a..'t11 ~ Gl1'l2.'

A ~~. td-ticJ,... i.6 ~ltUJv ~~ o-\- ~ LA (9 ,~

a. 1nbr\-l)ttJ1UG (0-\ a. ?fl.bJ't..8t"tmL) ~ •

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2..-T-4

1) SenuL p;i.opudi.e& ", 'YtAi.a{t-~:

(i) ~ 0 c:: h, < 0'1.., ~ N (IX .. J 1) c: N (0. .. 62,), a. IS R

-

0i <. 02,. <=> a.. +S1 z, 0.+ Ez.

d1 "" 02. ¢>- 02,. " - 61 ¢> a. - 02. . .c:. a.-61 SaJV"x., Z E: N (a,h,) ==> a,.- 51 <. %. <. d+51 9 a. - 07,. L.. ':it.. <:.. a +15z.

t. 0.+ 51 c::.. D.+~2. a..w;L.Gl-ljz."" a.-af)

Ht.Ylc..l.. 'X. E- N (a .. 02.) ., N (a., b1) C N (a.J b2.)

AI..uJ, N (Gl) a 1 ) is .thL .4JU at ~ a..t a. cJi.I.~ J.4.4d :.tha.H- 61 ~ 0., B.u.t it t5t<. lJ 2. J ~ 0-i1. ~ ~ t.JJilJ.. also he a.£ a.. dJAcONU:lL fJu,& .tKa..t. 8 z. Ifu»'L a., HeKciZ .. N (a, 01) c N (o..J02;).

( ;() ~ i ~ ~ 7I4ia4lutuAMud N .'!b: P 6 R.,N wi.U wJ:a.i.~ ~a.iM. tJuz.. a-~8Ah~M.mnJ_ '* p ~ ~ 6 ~o_

~ (a) b)i.6 a. Si~ ntU~~ t1 p.

1lt..4.tt. a. <bJ a. .. b f= R. A.l.d.lJ (US P E (a , b), we ka..ve. a.. <. p <.b . Tlu..u p-a >0, b-p ~O. Lei' J:hL .~ b! ~ :two

~..t..:ve ~ p-a. ~ b-p bL c.allad d.

TlU.6 iJ W'\i~ a...d £ = ?'r'Li.M.. \ ~- a.. b - ~} .

!4 J:1vL i:w-o ~ tJ.hJL Q.,vuJ., e(~ ttb ~ CGLK he

;taJuM.. aA O. So, 0, ~ i1tL ~ "1 t:htl tun:J 'ltU»tbil14, i6 ~ fh ~ 01 ~ UAUL u ~

.tha.tt- 01l. ~ kJ :tke. Q iJJ.va. J i. . e,

h =- P - a... CLtV.L b <: b - P 011.., (} <:. p- 0.. ~ a:;. b - p 'V x,,:X. E:; N (p ... ~) :=.> p-5 <:;;1C.. z, p+~

.~ a..~. p-li L :x. L.. p+8 .E;, b ==> :x.. E- (a. .. b)

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2.-T-S'

(iii) % fl.} b € R, Il. =F b, ~. we caM.. ~ a.. ~1-7W.~ N (0.) 01) at 0. amd. d2. - "1tAi.~~ N (b) 02.) 11)- b, ~Gl... t..VlL t1..i4a'mlfl..l' , N (a) .8 f) n N (h) 6.z.J = cp, [i, e 'J IJt4ML t?U4t af 70,1 152.::;.0 ~ ~ N (allf) n N (b}02.J == cpl,

As a.. -:P "} I a. - b I ;. 0, Lu- lJ::; I a - b I, ThIA1.. 8";>' 0,

2-

Let; M,= N t», liJ. M2. = N (b) hJ,

WL .sI.A.AJ1, p~ tha.t IV'If) 1\12,. aNl.cI.J.41't1'!'4.

X E Mf n M2. ~ %. E- M1 ~ :x. E M.z..

=¢' I x -d I <. is lox - b I .::. a

~

=> 1£1-bl = Ia.-x +1-1::> I ~ 10.-:;:(.1 + I:<.-bl

." Ia.-hl ~lx-a.1 + Ix.-bl .::: ~ +.~

" Ia.-hl <. 2.0

5.td' 2.6:: Ia.-bl ... Ia.-bl <. Ia.-bl

1A.Tf,UcJ... i& ~, Th..l.u tk.ahL ~t biz. MtIJ ~

x. """ M1 n M:z.. So M, , M 2. ass: t:1.l4~.

'. rv11 n 1\12 = c:p

trol'z.. 0 =- L, I a - b I. N (a I 6 J 11 N (b.. S)=. q,

2..

2.) T~ 1, ¥t .. a h.fUU.,~~ t i4 .~ ~ m.. 4.bmL ~. ~~ ara. rL+UJL it

.&m,. t (~J ~) :i:11.ut. th.id .R..i.mUt id ~ ..

:;c,-+a.

Plr..trok :

~ r (;;c.J =- L2. ~ i, * L2, L1, L, E- R..

ACLO~ to ~.~, ~ ~ E >0, we ~ ~

0, >0 Clhtd. 02. ,;:>0 ~ Mta...t

v- ;:G 0 .c:: I 'X. - a.1.c:: !J ,. => I t ("X) - :t1 I .(. E:

}

0M..d.. v- ?l., 0-:::. I :x.. - 0.., ,:::O2.=> I b tpc.) - L 2. I .c:; E:

Let ~::; ~ {SP~2.}. ~ S ~ 01 J ~. ~ ~2

e <: Ix- al '" t5 =? 0.::. la-a.1 <'01 .:::!'; I t(:K) -.t11 < Eo 0<. [x.-a.1 < 0 => 0..::: I:it:. - a I <'. dz. "* I t (x) -.tz.1 .~ .E:

1 - 2. LIMIT

M 2. .... T- 6

H ~ ~ a.J.1. :x. ..6.U.ck i:ItA.t 0 <. 'x - Q I -c a J

11.1- La. I = I if - ~ (x) + yt::;c) -.(.2- I ~ 1.2.1 - t t···') l + I b'(?C.) - ('2.1

~ I t (:x.) - a f I + I r~) - t 2 I < e- + E L e., I L1 -12, I <. 2. E

T~ ~ h.a. ~ ~ ~ ~ve-n.. G" 0 f1.M.fL

UJIIh£.6~· 8:7' 0 .

~ . ..t ~ bIl. tIvLUL ~IL. E- = ~ I ~f -l.z_ I flM.r1. ~

8"7 0 . As 1, =1= lz, I L f ~ fl.z I » O.s.o lJ,rlL l'..A.fl.. .~

E = ~ tL4 -1.2.1. Tk.e.n, ~ ~ iM.~J:j ~

11., -£2.1 .c.. 11.1 -1.z. lweud\~ i.6 ~.

1lu..u etLh.. ~ fw;UJ::i.~ th.tLt aA :;;(. --+ a., t (Jj(_) ~ :th

XW"t1 ~ ~ ?1'LUA.t b.L ~. Th.i..td .Lim-tlt '" a.

~ Q..6 X. - 0.. ~ i.t e-x..iA:t6;1 iA UA'l.-iVU'

3 ) Th.tuJAtm1. 2.. ~ }_ L (;;t_) ::: k. .';JC_ E R ~ ~ L (X.) = -k..

-v D J"(J, , ::;(_""""'a. v ...

PMnt; W~ Ytture. ~ ~ tiuLt !Je'L o...M.1J ~veM.. E? 0

~ i.6 0.. .lJ > 0 AJJ..d.,., .tMt

v- :x.. , 0 <. 'x - al <.!; => 1*--·1<.. I '" E-.. i. e., 0 <:. E: . fO.u..t E >- O.

So we. C.QM.; ~ ~r5 ;.. 0 ~ btl. .4..UhL bta:t o c::: I:x.. -a. I <'0 ~ I k. - k. 1< E: •

:. ~ ~ =: -k

a_..a. .

4) Wo~

L·· :.' I"": - • II'J1'I...(.,1.4 •

4 ~. !r(;;(,) ad ~ 'i (x) e.~~ ~ btL.~

?C..~a. X-..a..

en, . .tftL ~ Ai.h ~:tho.. ~ ~JiRA fVJiu.C awL we. .IttJtve

. ' .. ~

(I') ~ [t (:;(.) + 3 (X.)] ==a.. ~(:x.) + :x.~a. 3~)

1 - 2. LIMIT

M 2.-T-7

~/).DDi: ,[IrE"- (I') llIII.d. (ii)J

(i J c .. hl.tlrol"n ~,;oo b (~J -= L aM.J... ~

~~ ....... _..... .x. ~Q. ~ (!X.) ::; m,..

~ i \I'fM:. rJA'l.(/E- '"7 0" E /2.. i.d CJ.JA..o a p.o:ti-t:.,.e.. ~.

S<l Ul~ ~ J:ll .t:fL..U we ".w.d b1 '7 0 ~ ~2. '70 sud« tAAt

o <. I x.- a../ <'0, ~ I 6 (-;;(.) - L I <. ~

o <: .,:;(. - a.1 c::. l;z. * J ~ (!'() - ml < IEz.

~ a = -m.itt {81 " 82.} :f:ha.tt, 0 ~ 8, .Q.M.d_ 8!;: 82.

.. 0 "" J x -.a,. I 0:::: <5 => 0 c::.. f -;;< - a. I <. 6 t =P I r (%.) -!' < t o <. 1~-a.1 < 5

=> 0 <. I x -a./ ..::: 02 * I 3l;;t.) - WI. I <. 1 o < I ~ - a., < 0 ~ I b (x) + d (~) - (t + 'M) I

~, I b-C'X)-.ll + '1CX)-'n1.-1 <'i +1: '. 0< 1-x.-a.1 < 0 => Ir(~) + 3{"] - It+m) I < 6-

~a. [~(~) +~ (:;:c_) ] = L + '}11..

U i) Su.p~ *- * 0 ,G1.M.t:L .t.t.m. 15 (::() = L .

X~tt

~ i IrG11... CVVLLJ' t:: '> o. ~ ~ i.d aJ...La o: h .- ;ti. ve. 1'tLtfKh.tz!L

d .., 1t.I ,-.-...

/Iii. L.l.J.kllul ~ 121~. J,' ht I 't- .;' ve 'J1..U.om.b£\. ~ , t:IvJ.AL

QM.d.. UJ· "'--r'-~ rr=r-: I~I

U 8 >0 ~tM.J:

0< la-a:/< cS => I bt;(.) -Ill < ~ I~I

~ I k k (~) - -Itt I < ~

weu:~ ~,~ ~ ,f<.,Ir(X.) =kQ. =-k~ &(~).

a """,4 :x: ... a.

1 - 2. LIMIT

MZ-T-8

(S) .tu",

x--+a.

?'LEN

T~ n = f, we· ~ ~ J:WJ; ea?G =. a.

FVh. th.U, ~~ E ~O} we ~ hJZ. abi.L tb ~ () >0,

&uc.J.v t:JutL 0 < , x. - a. I " 0 => I 'X - a. I <.E-.

Obtri~ i> we CQ.fV:taAtrz. 8 = E- a.w:L the, ah..tJve m~ wiLL ~ ~1Jt'ed ~ 0 = E .

o <: I'X-a., c. E => Ix-al < E. .: . P ( f ) i& Pt.u.t. .

. ~ ;:(.-a sc ....... t\.

1e

_ a . a.. [.,' P(It) Clhld. P(1) tlAJ2.. :tuuL..]

P(-R.+1) to ~.

~ ~t:.ipk tr; ~~ ~ct..8n;J P(n) i6 t.w.L "it "fl E: N

n tN.

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2..- -»

n-t

- no.. 'YL t£- N

~

~ ~71-a.'I1. ~

a...,.a. a-a - x......"a_

(X-a.) (:a:.1l-' + x.TI-'Z. a. +::;(. rl-3 a.. z. + ... +- a..7L-1 ) x"-C\.

l..J'J'l-1 71-2.. '11-3 2. 71-')

-- + a. 0... +;L a. + --_ + a

[.: a.. f. Db-:J M ;X.-a.. -4=-0). :;.X_.'1l-1 + ui; :x:.l1-Z. ~ a.. + «: :;:(,71-3

~_"'a.. ;t. ...... ,a. x.~d.

=- nc:.t.rn.-I C'; ~ :;r(.71::.a.?1.. ~~ -k..::: -kJ.

-;(.~a. :.;.(7 a.

( T fLU ~ ~ .,ed_ lJt:h ?1. ~ N i.6 al.A.o ~ UOV Y1 6- R) .

(S) ~ 1. s..iM. B c::: e <:. -taM. e J 0 < e < 1T/z. .

Sup p.a.s..a_ P loS tA.e. W~h.('c ~ F t e ) en. thQ. lM1A...t

cJ..h£h.. ~ thL :t~ oJ: A to ins: ~ ~flll..-

- .

OP Wt Q..

X'

~ thL~.tk d1r

tfuL ~ CJ.1lL A P

i,&. e OMJ.. PM _lOA

~ ME OAl ~

PM=- A.iM. &. AUJJ a.6 0 A ::: 1 so Q. A ~ tCVYL e .

•

N 81.D I a.ttUJ. o-t 6. 0 A p < a.MA. t1 AJ..£Xei. 0 A p <: Q.J1QA 01 l~ QA a

y'

-k. 0 A· PM ~ i.. (oAj2e £. ~ OA ·AQ

I .

2. . 1 SM1. e z, i. (I) 2. e c: ~. 1 t£l.t\. e

~ e <. e c::. taM. tL

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2.-T-fo

(~J L~ 2. I &.&m. 6 , .::; I e I whvw_ I e I c::. ~ J 8 =f: a .

.'. , &in e I c::: I B I LW ~ a tl.A4d. e aM!. p.csiJ:L ve ,

N/JUJ ~ - 71/2. c::: e c:::. 0 => 0 <. - e c ~2. ~ 0.:::.1 e I "'- n/z '

5.0 5.AM, (- e) <. ( - e ) bv't- 0 <. (- e) .c( 11/2- i. e.., - s.(.,yt. e <. - e ..

i.e.." Is#t.e, '" leI a..6 ~9 ~ e aAL ~'ve...

e =. 0 =#> s.h-te := 0

H €¥L UL, I ~e I !f: , e I ctIM., h.a. :ta:.Au.M., . 'i ,e 1< Tr/2.'

I sM.t ~ - ~ 0.. I - \2. un x:_a- ~ x.~Q. I

~ 2·lsWt~~ct \ (':ll.O:S Ai4.151)

< 2.. I ~-;_ a. I it 0 c!.. 1::(. - a. .1 <. rr.

:. 1btM.~-s.tM.a.1 <. Ix-a.1

NBW

-_ - ~

NBtD .t;a.Au:~ ~:::. E- [E < 7T ]

o <:. I:;>C-Q,I <li ~ 1·~;;(,.-~a.1 <, la-a.I<. E

(11) 1lu.o~ 4. ThtL t..t:d.i.1YLt. ~8n ... i6. ~M.U8t.U ~~J i.e.) ~ cos "X.. :. lOS a.. .

. X .... a.

== 0

.: ,;;t:~ (!.OS x - £.irS a. ) :. - 25.t.K Q.. 0= 0

1 - 2. LIMIT

M 2. - T- 11

(12.) Th.eo~ s.

tI ...• ~-- . . e

~ ~.~~.~ = 1

9-0 9

e

1 < < 1

s.t.n e ces e

'. LaSS <. .~ <: 1

G

l s.U.t, 9 4= () ~ co« e =F 0 a.6 tl *0 ~ 9 '* IT/';l.)

utS. e

11.' . ~e IJ.'.~

~ MNt'Lo .~., ~ 1

6-0+ e - 9 .... 0..,..

N61JJ) ~ (b.S e =UJ'S 0 := 1 e~oT

CJ.M..4. ~ 1 =- 1

scM e

-

e

~ e z, 0, hl e =. - 0... T~ e - 0 - '* d.- 0'"

~ SJ.M. e ~ SAM-l-~) ~ ~ rJ.

:;;( ...... 0- - ..J _.o+ - + = 1

e u. l-cJ..) d. - 0 ~. r;J._

sk",e

- -1 e

~

l13) 1=0

'Vl.-oo n

LQ...t E- '7 0 b.tz_ ~ve-n... N o-uJ\ ~. - a I ~ E #- .~ <. E: # 11. ';' ~

s.o W "trl.:::; [t + f J. .,-~ m E: N IlM4, 'Wl'" _L

€-

Het'LcL J ~!If.t1., G ~ 0) we. CslM.. ~ 1'\'1.. = [~ + 1] e N

5.U..ck.- thA.r rn.? ')11., nE; N => I ~ - 0 I ~ E-

lL' ~." I

I£Ml\; :. 0

~ lL 1\. = 0 \f 'YL., He.tu.JZ.. ~ IL n = O .

.9t ~=OJ 9+ h: =pD

1 - 2. LIMIT

M2.-T-12.

11r...'Yl. - 0 I .c:: e # IlL n I c::. E ~ lIt.! n < E

~ n Loa· IILI <. ~ e

t BA.&.e. at tua i.6 :.ta.kAM.. ~~ ~ 1.)

'ft.\ ~ 1 ~ a.oa IILI .c:.:. 0 llt.'I'l-OI -c E ~ n >' ~ELaaIh.1

N M.U 'tt IZatt E- ~ 0 (w«..i cA. Wdl hIL -,thL CAU. . t.t If? f L

~ IILI

th.eM. we. ca.M.- ~ 'W\ -= 1 b..tl.ctUAA-e

"

'Y\.~1 =>'Yl'" J.o-ae- So IlL'Yt-Ol<E.

~1h.1

9t ~ c- > 0 U· a., ·tt E. -c 1), ~ we. c.a...t. :tAJu.

LraIh.1

=:> ')\. Lcra I It. I c::::. .Lra E

~ J.o-.a. I h. 'YL I £.. ~ E

~ 11L'n1 <: IC

~ Ik'l1._ 01 <. E-

~ llA(f c.a&!. , ca.t\l"f.+'t, ~ e > O. we CJ:XN1.. ~ b1"..,4

mEN ~ th.AI n?- ')l1..., -n, 6 N => I/t.n_ D I < €.

(15) ~ a.-h._1 _ Lo« a_

fL () h. - r __ de.

(a. ,..0)

UAtJ .

Lei: 0.1\._1 = x" All ~ a..-k:, I+:X..

a.M.t1.. ..f." = loa t). (I +:oe.)

~~'& ff-t.tv.L~ £4 ~ ..

a

= a. :: 1,

A.6 :th.L ~ o..h -h-cJ

5.cJR.bm.x.

-h ... a

1 - 2. LIMIT

MZ-:T-13

.ft.-o :;t:...-o

- , .

• 11:.'._. ~

~ Gt-1

, ',1..,."":;'0 --

-k

:=. 1

- 1 .toa-d [~o (I+:iC..)~]

(44 Laa id ~)

== t ...;.. LrttJ.. e = ~ea.

~ eh_1 .f1.~o . .,,_

"fl.,.

~ 1+ ~) :

( 1 + 1.. ) 'n.::: 1 + (rt). _!_ + (n .. ).!_ +, _. +' n. ) _!_

\ n 1 n '2- '1\,2. \n 1\'Jt.

1 + 1 +'1'\('1\-0 'n('Yl 1)('Yl-2) 1t{-n-I) ... 1

- ..... 2- + +._.+ _ .. - .. --

2 I. -n a ~ n:3 'Y\ ! 1'l'1\..

=1 + 1 +

1 - !. . ')'L

21

~ _ ~ ) (1 - ~) ~ _ ~ ) _', (1- ~~f )

+ .. .. + --. + ------

3~ nl

cwvL ~Il In 7ZJ \1- ~ )It- ~) 7 0, e(-e.

A 0i..L; iJtYl. 'l'\. ?- 2. ..

1 1--'70 'Y\..

ll..')"\. .::::. 1 + , + 1- + _!_ + - - - +.L c:.. 1 + 1 + 1. + !_ + . . :10 a/)

2-1.31 nl·· 2 4

Cln. .,,- 1 + 1 I (1 - Y'2-)

Th..w, 2. '- a.n ~ 3 'rf' n .~ 2... H~az. taft} i4 a.. ~ ~l?M..c.L. ALuJ} '11; CQA1_ b.L ~u-ed. dt.a..t l.t" i.4 ahL. ~rJ\tQ.Lt.. . ':1-. ~4'M.c.a.. He.tlUl J i.t 'lJt.Udt ha..ue. GL li~.

TJ.i...L.6 LvWi .. tt ~ e = 2' 7 I g 2.. '8' I ... l Cl4'\. iMa..t..~ ~)

, ~ in.

• 'ry'l~D(J (t + n) = e.

3 - 4, DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS M2.-T-14

:3-4. DERIVATJV£ AND ITS APPLicATIONS

1) D.vUVZLt"iv-e.:

La- r .:. (Gl~ bJ _.,. R, t: E- (a.~ b) bJL a. ~mL. FoIL a. /r: ~ x.. amd {ra1.- t *" ;x.,

fCr] - ~ l~)

t-~

.

14 Q. ~cm.. ~ tAL 1/?Vlia1A.L j;.J ~~ ~ ail.

t e (€A) b)- {x.}.

it ;t.L..m b (t) - t (x) e~ ~ it" i4 (.a.l/.d tkL..

..... ~ r-:.;;iIIC.

cJ.vJ.va..t:~ t1·r oJ; % ~ i4 ~huL ~ i!: o~

i. [/r(xJ 1, OIL. IT' (aJ Olt. it a1. ~1'

2.) fU.t..lL .Uo-'l.. cl.Jl.hivzth.'\rf!. "h a. ~li. /f01.c:t:on (CIuzi.t. h.idL) : ~ lr ~ (a.~ b) - R.) .:;c, E (~bJ .IA cJi w-~ .a,I

x. (:- i. a.. )J); it t&,_Q_ ~ ut Ir i6 a. A/..I...h.u..t '1 th.t2.,

~ 8'k ll.1'1.O twA ~c.b.8n. if .CJ.AvL ~: (c: ~ t:1 J __". R. i6

r:J..i..t16'~ ai: Ir (1J., ~

tqtJ ,: (a.l b J _.,R. is dJ. If{, ~4ki.rL ad: sc: -' fLtt-d.

1x. [(jot t=sl = CO' [ 1r(~Jl h' (a::.)

=. <30r)' (X) := 'B' [rex)1 f (';1(.) "- "." ,.~ (i)

10 €«..pALM i.t' m. ~ ~,

hl ~. = ~o!- (~)= d [k(x.)] ::. 3'lZ)) ~ z = rex)

toJfJ1iJ, (30.bJ'(:;(,) = .~; ,~'(tLx.)] = '3'lZ):* C''',3=a(z)] ~ t' l.r;c.) = ~ (", z, = tCX) ). p~ .Wt. {lJ, we aa-

~=~.~.z.

d«. . ;(i If.7t'..

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

MZ-T- 15

9.if ~ io a. ~a?l- "1J u.., u.. i.o 0. ~OYL l!j- u- ~

u- to D.. ~ ttfJ :x. JWf. ~ -Aa..ue..

~ =~. k d.»-

J.ic.. du.;Ii;' k .

AA thI.h4 .i.6 a ~ m"L ~ ~ Aid.L ~ ~ ~ 1Vn.It h.a..tw~ ~u..u.li v-e. tLvm..& J 1tt.U Jt.u.1L i4 ah..t;

,., ... ,_ A :.. _ •• JA'l

CO 114 4. th.a.. ~ /I...LI.J.,JL.

3 ) DILhi vu1i.1['€. t1 1:ht. ~~ ~:

'4 r ks cmL - tm.Q... / QhI.d. t:L.'IJI,.~ th1.. (a. I b) a.ud.

i6" tI x. E (a) h)Jt' (~)=f::. 0 ~ ~ 17-1 id di~ £h1.. R. t J a.tt.d.

[ -1 . l' 1

b (')l.) - :::: -t ,-[-& --1 (-a)-]

Not€,; As Ir '" cli.ltt~ ex. (a) b)~ Lt W ~-

81L.d en (a.l h). As b it. ID1.fL - 8'r1R. 0ht.4. ~ ~ it2.

tM..Lreft.U. b -1 ~ tM., R. b- ~ r -1 i& a.Lw. ~ .

ALuJ b i& .t:hL m~ ttl ~ -I,

9.fr we. li),J.,lZ :t = Ir -1 (:0(.) ~1.. X. Eo R.t I ~ x.:. b- ('I) .

s.o [t -I (x.JJ I :::. .c4J CLtt4 1 = _!_. _ 1

- d.:x.. f [6--1(-;lJ] f ('I) - d.x-

~

~, ~ =~ D~, ~ = i

4-) J)i~~ aM..d. i.t& ~. ~ .:

in- :J = u (z) M di.H-~"a.bltz. J ~ h~

"Th..lAA, blX.+h) -I"£X) := Ir' (x) + € wIt.4AL, h ~ 0 ~ E - O. -h

Th..uA, t (x+~) -t(_;c:.) = f(x.)-h. + e t«.

NO~J .we. J..eM.tJ~ It... b.tJ .fl:a:.. (~.e., m.:x... eM.. iK.GU..~ """ -,L)

a..uL rl"-+A) -/1(x) b.q or(x.) (~ h-L ~(~J ~

""'-~ 111. r [x) ).

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Ml-T-16

So ~ ~ f:X.) := t' (a) bx.. + E a x,

f(?C..) ~x.U call1l.d.. thL clibt~ * k(~) uXJA ~ t;, x.. eutd.. ~ !AA.uL ~J; i6 J:J = cL I-i"-J .

Th.ud .. "'1J::. k I { sc ) ~.x..

a.r y.:. XI t:h.I.A1... 6' {:..t.J :: f . ." . d;J =: cJ... x = t, ~ %.

:. cL;J = u' (x) ~ X. =:. b '(x) dx.

Th..u6 (4) _ I·.· _ cL,j _J _. - _l -+ 0

., (LX) .;0. t ex] - ;;::;.' W~ GLx.. T" ..•

Tk-£.u ~ buL t:I..IAJ. vzJ;,;.ve 6f- .~ wiJ.r.:. All.d ~ J1J -x.. tJ tJu_ hA1io 9'U di.~"a1A ",. (J anuJ_ ~ .

Ge.a~c.~M.~h.£t;,L·an- at tiuL XLi~ ,=

~ A lx, b (a::)) ctflt;l,

y

B (x. + o ?C., t(X.+ox)) CUlL:twu

~ .on.. thL c:..u/'t.U(. ~::..~ ('X) ,

Th.R.. t~.tNLt a.L A ~ ltM..

~ta.B1 ~ e ~ wJ;l\. thtl.. ~I/'"t! d.i.~ ~ x.-~. L-irrUU ~ A ~ B ~aJl..'llli.L tD x o.,.,....L'(- ~

I1..A.6fAcfj"4 m~ a...t M ..

11u.A.A, AM -= I $ '" .1 OhI.J...BM = I ~ (,c, + s~ I - ~ l~)' :: i 5 t(;() I.

AI.uJ 1:taM. e 1 = I ~ ci ~~ AN at A. I = I~ I

d~.

MN

:. I ~ 9 I =- AM

x

.', M N =. A MIt-"", e I = I ~ . (j '" I = I ~ It' .. h. = J..,;)

TkJ.AA, ~:f:: 8 ~ QA BM:I= Mt-J

~. aA B --- A, BN _.. o . Th.M.d.. ~ - t5# _ o .

s: ) R.o ~ TIu..o~:

at 0.. h-Q.A./L, ~81\- ~ LA ~ en [a., b 1 ,

di..btr~a.hU.. mt. (Q) b) ~ 'af t-tA.) ::: h lb), ;th.t.n. il'u2AL

M2.-T-'7

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

'M.U.4.t b.tl. ~ x.. €: (a.) b) s.tA.c.k, thAt IT I ex) :. O.

G~~J ~~~

O'b ~:. ~ (;;Jt) u ~~

~ -h.aA a. ra...aJM1: CAC ~ p.ci~ ('X.) t (x.) 1 IsoA-. all "X. (:: (0..) b) Gt+uL .~ b (t.lJ =: ~ (bJ, thI.M,

X'

o

y

y'

~ .4OTtVL c e (o..) b), th..L ~ ti:J tka.. ~ ai:

(e., ftC.) i& paha..11d to X-a.xU.

( N ate ~ Ttuz.. alo...!:Jve L/!tYIwcJi.t:.rrn4 a.Jr.1L 'YLO.t oJ.1 110(,"",,~, b..ui 4AIL ~cA.~ IJ1rr 1ktU1~ tJ ~. Ev-et1.. 'tt ~ 1- Uu.. ~'0nA AAL Ao.:L.Aft.'d J :t:hAJu1. ~ 6t 0... f<Hrrt.-C aJ: :;x.:' C. Ce1) ~ th.o.:t IT I (c) = 0 ] .

Cl. <. c <. b, th.Cl. ~ .to

11ta.. c..LVuJ.t. '16 pamt.llLt t:, Y I

t1tL c.hohL! 'i~ tAa- ~ (il, r (4) ~ (bJ rib)) O"YL tfvL auuie .

b- a.

_ ~.' (c.).

6) tyt~ - Va QUJZ. "11u.a~:

~ b i6 ~ .. ~ [0., b] ~ dJ..~ ~

(a. J b), ~ IAI"f. c.AA1. ~ UVtuL C E: (a, b) SJ..Ld".,

.tNLt" r (b) - k (a.)

~~CJZ.L M~:

G~rrtUtAi.~ At(Jtaki~ J 'U tNz. ~ c.LVLV-e.

~ =bl=-c:.) ~ a.. ~flM.t at ~ p.et''t1l:" l x J ~ (';c) )

fstlA. ll.. <: x. <. b, ~ ~ Stm\JL p..e1nt.t t e , r (c J}, ~

X'

y

B (b, Hb)

Q

3 - 4, DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

M 2.- T -18

g.tnP.t. 1Jo~ D'& M~ \(.a1.uL . ThLo~ (lVI, V, T~) :

T ~ h - a. = -A.,. , .'J1'lIL4M.. va.1utl i1ILo~ ~IU

, (a. + 4) - h (a.) = -h."b' (e)

04, t ((J. + A) ::: U (a.) + -It.. t' (G) frolL. 6.8»LL C, tt < c. c::. h,

o <. c- a. ,.

. -r <.. ,

0<.8<:.1

•

7) GLoW ~~ QA\.Ol.. ~ V71 PILlA:

·Sf & iA ~.~ ovth. [ a." b] a.AUL it ~ S<rnU. c. IE- La, h 1 )

~ (t:.) ~ 5 (";1(.) , 'V x.. E: (a). b J" .~ t ~ Aa:J.. ta -ha..ue a. ~ba.L ~a.:t c., ~ r (C) !: k (x), 'r/;c. €- [a." bJ, .th.ttt.. ~ it!. ,44 c'.d. :J:o ~ a.. (/..tl&J.. .~ d c

8') L.t:ruLL ~ Cl;t1..&i.. ~ ~ ;'

s.tL.p~ r i.& cLLfi~ mreIt [ a" 131 Ci.M.d C E- (a." b), 4 ~ iJ. a. 1'U2..i.~h./J'tJAh.ctrJ. (c -h) c + ~ J au c. ..d.LI..cA. tkA:.C (c. - b,

c + a) eta. ,I b) a.tt.4_ AU.~ t1vJ; tr % E (c - 8, c. + 0) I

b ('-) ~ r (x.):> ~ r hQ.A a. dur.A.1. ~ vxLu..L. aJ: c.. a.; .~ (Co) ~ f (xJ, 'rf z E- (C.-b) C. +~)" ~ ~ fuu a. ~~~dc.

q) Th...e..c4J..m. 1: st b i4 #~ on. (4" b) .a..ttd i¢

•

~#IARNr.i:t'aJ.I.L a;t x ~ (a" bJ, .. ~ " .~

~ a..t x. ,. ThL ~ e5 thM

i6 7LDt tA.i.U .,

PlL.IJ7Jt: k't..,c) ~ =:> ~ hit) -b(;;I() ~iA,

i; -'!> -;;L t --x.

NoW, k(t)- rl;(.) :::. blt)-hlx) . (t-x.) u a. ~r..t "f t -X-

twtJ ~On.& &ll J;k, Vb wtlt'e:.J..., au diL(j~ W-t. 5..IJ'n1..L

da.b.t;d "(lIJ..i.~~ ot -;z:. m (Q) h J ClNI.A ~~ '*

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Ml-T-t9

H~.1

- If' (aJ . 0 =: O.

~ ~ b (t) - .t:x f t(t) - 6(:K.) + k(;;l.)J

- t:x [b(t) - 6(:;r;) 1 + ~ ! ex)

- 0 +t (a:) = b-(-x.).

Naz.v I ~ Ir(~) ~ Ix. , - ~ "X. - 0
-
x~o+ x .... O+ ;c.~a
£IMA. ~ t(:;<) ~ , ?!-/ ~ :x. - 0
- -
X-JoO- ;(, ..... 0- X..pfJ-
A.tA.o r (DJ - /0 I 0
- s.o ". (x:) = I xl L-' ~ a..t ;x_ = O.

N8UJ i..bm fr(t)-lr(Oj ~ I tl-O _ ~ t = 1

~ t-+OT t- 0 = t. ""'ot' 1; - t..." 0'" J.;

It.1 ~-t

- = - f.

t" "'- t..=, 0 - t

-rh4t i6 k (""') ;. 1:;(. I i6 'r\.C t eli. bt~4..M.L a.C '$.. = o. [HJ?JtA. we. caM.. =» ~ ~ b.Irt rhAi,~'ve. 8f '''I at 0 " -1 aM.J1. .tft4. l~ chJJ. va.t.'~ a..t 0 u 1 . As tF1IL two d.uJ.. V"l'J...li. >Jed QhIL '1L8t tq;ud} we ~ . .t1tAt t i.s ?'I-.bt cLi.~~ a..C ~: 0 1,

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

M2 -T-20

to) ~ (s..i.ttX-) = UJS 'X. (x €R)

:l;-::;r:..

t+x. ~ ~ t-x

(.OS _ • 2-

2. t .. ,,-

t -,,:.

-

2-

_ ces ~ t+x. ~ ~ e

- t ....... :x. 2.. 9-too e

[0,' UJS~ a. ~~ ~ ht It--;i..J/l. = e]

- c..e-s x.

5.0 ~ ~m k( cLi.1t~o.JaI..L a..v:J.. 1:. (.sin x) = CDS:X;.

ol z

J;Z (taAot.. x) = S.flC x.

:x. E: R - (2. *-1)"'i. I *- E- z; ,

11)

.si.tt. tt - x.)

t _,. x.. ces t . tD".S x.. ('t -x)

~ 1 ,~ s4.tt. (t-x.)

::: t .. ~ ~ c. t.o5 x.. t: _"-.x..

t- x..

f 2.) i (a.~) :;(_ 'X.. E- R., E- R+
a. ~Q.Q.. a.
- ,
~ Qt x ~ 4iC..+.k 'X..
-a Gt -4 {wk4M.. i: = -;X +~J
;t_", x. t-:x.. -h_,.o -h.
~ ~~ (<l~-I ) ;c..
= Cl ~ell
- -h .... o •. a_'X. i6 eLi. Mr~aJa.lL a.M-tL k l a. x J -=- a. 'X LraLa.

UJNuJ~: ~ (ea) - e4 (': lute.e == f).

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS M2.-T-ll

yv~ R.uJu, k;o"'- 1J.ith~a.h.tm

1 3 ) !hJz..c1Le.f11. 2.: Sf If rJ.M.d... a : (0..,. b) ....... R a.ht.. ~

#f1t~dbb.. aX ;;c. E: (ll,. b), ~ ~+a i.cs a.U.a d.i.bf~"a.bJ.L ar "- aMd

,1 [ j (x) + ~(:X.) 1 = 11r (;t.) + ~ d (x) ~ [t ex + h) +" a (;;(.+ /,)1 - [t (x) ..,_ tJ(~J

-h -;'(J . -1..,.

_ ~ f(x+h) - t(i1C) + ~ 8 (x+.h.) - 3(;;()

- ok -+ 0 -It. +a._"o..h,

Pli.bt}f :

- ~ Ir (x) + ~ ~ (X) a.4 ~.tk b t1Md a aAL cLi.1!t1.MAtiia.4iL .

TJu...c.d ~ + 3 id di.fIt~ M x. a.+VJ..,

1 (tr + a J ("K.) ::: i;. t (""J + ~ 3 (~) = t I (X) + a I (:iIC.)

~ ~.t if t1, t-z, . -. kn aM. a.J1. d..i.~"aiJL ar =.

~ ~ (t, + rZ. + ... + fi'1) (x) = ~/ (X) + ~~ (;w:;) +._. + '6n' (;.c.J.

14) T~ 3: % b: (a., b) -+ R, id. dildr~ o..t x.

,.

ad -It (:- R. I 1:It.4..tt -k t i4 di.~ d.JJ.L at ~

tl.t4L ~ 1l. t (x) == R. i ~ (""-)

= -#It h I (:;I()

H €M..Ul ,. -It r 16 eli. H~"abL.L ClM.d. ~ 1t. k (a:) :: -It 1:;.. t l:x.)

'5) ~ 4: it b, # ~ (0., bJ _... R, ahL d.i.b1T~ aI. :x'J ~ b-~ iii J.i.~4.hJ.L a.t X- awl

~ (t-1)(x.) = ~ t(?G) - k ~lr£)

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS M2.-T-Z2.

p~: ~ (b - d) (;K_) - ~ [r(x) + (-I) 3 (:~·)l

- .~ & (x.) ;- .1 (-J) [d (x)j =. ib £;;rt.) - i a (:;l.)

f ') TwlJbwL 5: % J,4:. (a.. b) - R CVtL hoth, clt.'~"J.,4 aX z.., -J:hI.,n ~~ .i4 o.l.44 dA..~~ CLt ;r..

fl.tt.d k [b(;l)3(:xJ] =- klx) 1 if (x) + a(%) 1; ~~).

p~: ~ h(t)q(t) -kl;l)a(;;t'.)

" :..::.:,:..J. t: ~ "'-

t - 'X.

~ t(t)a(t) -t{tJa(;;(.) -r k(t)a(~) -pfJlJ3(f!!)

- t" _"'-x,

;t-~

N6"t.IJ It, ~ ass: c1J.'~ d X-J d (pc) i.6 ~ a.AA. ~ r(t) .~. So !u;t W7J~ ~ /TO{. ~,

t ... -x. -,--. (/

~t (t) aCt) - b(X)a-('X)

t-.x

t- ;c.

"' .e.;,.. rlt) 1M.. a1t)-aIO<) + q(",)~ !-(t~~~<><)

t"'x.t~"" t - 'X. (J "".-

it ~. ~aJ; .:iIG 1 ~ (tr3)'::' 1r'3 '+ '3' t I

c.t4 t i6 eli. ~ tJ.t sc , ~ tlMd ~ lint. u (t-) = .~ ('X),

f;~ 'X..

"11u.u" .~ [k ('il-) a {'~)J :::. Is (~) ~ '3 (:it) + d(~J ~ If (?CJ .

foM~ !.i i:.. ~ (x_J a (;1(.) h ca) = ~ (;,(.) a{;(.) i h(a:.)

+ b" LxJ-h(~) k 1(:£) + ~(~) h(x) ~ tLx.)

PAWf: p~ b (x) at") = F(rK..)

i t (x.) 3 (;0;(.) k(rK..) :::. i F (~) h (~)

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Ml.- T-Z3

= F(a.) ~ -hlx) + -h (a) ~ F{x)

- t (;;It.) 3 (~) ~ h (~) + -h (x.J 1rfrlx.) ~(x)J

- t (~) ·3 (a) ;1_ A (x) + -h(x) [ t (X) J;; d' [;C) +~' (x.)1 b-l;;c)]

= t (;;(_) '3 (X.)~ h (;;eJ + .#1("-) r (a.) ~ '3 (~ + h(~)~lx)ic b(~). 17) L~ 1: 9f ~. t (;1(J = 1. QH..t1_ L 4= 0, :tJu...rL ~ ".

2: .... 4 .

Cl d 01 QI:tU1'TlJlitt:~ N * (a,,~) ttl a. A.J.J..cA. ..

/:Nl..t 'rf:x. E N {at (; J ~%.. E: Dt, t (-.<.) *0,.

,th.DrJjr. As LM.t. 1.. (X) =t ~ t: =1= 0 , L I "70

• ;c, ...... a.. u ) ~

.d.o we ~ taAv2 .E; = .~-i' .,.. 0, "flt.t.t.t. w-e CAM. ~ c5 > 0 ~ i:Aa.t

~ , k (-x) -I.. I < ~ 2-

=> t - I L~ <:. k (~) c: 8...,.. '~

NniJ L -:j::. 0 . .'. J.. ? 0 Q-1.. L < 0,

!l6- L:» 0) :tha.tt. I t J =-.t J A.O i1A.JL J.A..Lt ~ ~

'i <. t(7C.) <.3; .. , b(~J;>O tU. ~>D

sa :;c: .e.f'.J* (a." d)~"X (i; J)t => b{x) > O.

~ 1 c:::: 0" :tM.t.tt.. J . ..t. I = -1..., So we. /1.a;,ge_ 3~ < b (x) < ~ < 0

So a. € NIf (a." 0)" x. € Db-- => V (?t.) < 0

'. 11. ~. L(;(.) ::j::. 0, ~ ~E N"- (0." a») :01C'.. ED" => jCx.) =/=0

'11 ';(.~ a D U

d . (~].

a;t: . a~)

.9:t [, d ~ (OJ b) ~ R aNLdlij~~J,~ at :x. ~d (~) =1= 0, ~ bl~. io dlbfv..e.J1~.o.J: 7- ~"

__ ~ (xJ1_ i1l.~) - t (~1 ~ (?(.)

r~ (;;;c.)J 2.

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

M2. -T- 2.4

PkbOj: As d ~ J..i.ij~ at 1, it itS ~ ai: "-,

50 lim 3.· (t J = q (%) * O. He.t1£I2. .. th£ntl. ~ Gt 'rlQ.i.Ffo-

t_,.:x,.. a

~ of :L iM. (a. ~ h) ~ t:$tiJ.J; .fr&'I- all. J; itt.

J;h.U. 'tlIli~~ 1 a (:tJ *" O.

Fttt €Ac.k t: Wi. tAiA 71A1~ wiJJ;. t:t= x';o

k(-t) ~(x.)

..__ - --

~ 8 (t) 3 (-:£)

I..it.t. r(t)'l La) - 3(t) k(:o<.) :. t .... x.~ (-t) a: (a) (t-x.)

.t-x.

~(x) ~:x. ~ (t) _ 3 (X) ~ ~(X) - &-L:x.) ~ B (:x:.) (1(:a:.) J 2-

('a i& c:mtti~ oJ: :x. , &:0 t~ 3- (tJ ::: ~ (:it.) ]

~ Ir/~ L6 dibt~"a.ku aX;or'.. aAU:L

ct. [ IJ (a.)] _ 1J (x) tr' ('X.J - ~ [") '3' (~)

J;:.~@l) . [(J (x)J 2-

~'WUIWJ 2.: ~ [;[X)J : t;'(:}]2.

PMOL 1;z [~[X\] = '3'ix) ~i:-.o;] ;1) ~~(,,-) _ _3'("-)

a ';I [1 (~J 12.

L (c.ot-.o) = ~ (~~) = sm >(. Jz (£MS:~: UJSX tb (~x)

= -sK.tx. (~a) - t..M~ (~~

1 '2..

= _= - l.LJ1IlLx.. • ~'1.:x..

3 - 4, DERIVATIVE -AND ITS APPLICATIONS M2.-T-2.5"

L.o..t" (f:= sit-t-1:x.., ':;c. ~ ~ d wIwut.. (f E [- ~ • "/2.]

, ~ I '* f .::> :f 4= ± ~z' H-tM..c.2. d E (- "'Y2, 1r1:z )

HtMcL ~ =- £.lIS'if '" It-sl"a·i/ = /1-;c."- '" 0 t·: J""J *,)

( n ~) .

H.eh..Q.... a..6 ~ E- - Yz... Y'2.. , CD! ~ "> 0, .', em (j ;::: /,- ,%2.

.'. ~ _ 1/dx _ --=1 =-

d:j 11-x2-

2.1) ~ (fa..n,-1z..):= 1 .. " ~ E R

aX. 1+~'2.

Le..t 1 = ~-1:z:. Thut ~ = "t:cvtt.. ~, ff E (-1- I ~ ) :. :!; =- ,dtl.c;;2. ~ *" 0

. ~ = 1 1

.. k SQ.c. '2.~ - -1-+-tant-· --:'2-:-~ - 1 + :x.,2...

2. 2.) ~_. l A.2.c.-1 .:x. ) = 1 , wkvt..t.. J:;;:c:. I > f

- 1X.1{x.."L-1

L'Lt ~ ~ SJZ..c.-1 % I .'. :;;c. ==- ~ ~, ~ E: [0, rr J - {~2.}

N&uJ, a.A IXI"* 1.. <if =1= 0 cYL 1T, s.o}j.IE- (0.,11) - { TT/a}

,

" ~ _ .6.ar..~ tllM. ~ = :~ "70 /r<IY"'j € (0, n) - {%}

.. ~ _ __1___ ::. ~_1----::==

".._. s~c. ~ :C11A1.~ I x I { x2.._u1

l".' A.«, ~ 'taAt ~ > 0 if' d- E- (O~ 1T) - {"/2 J) wtu'.LL

S.Q.c. ~ (= ~J < 0' &-u"r:J E- (";2.! n) }

25) ThLoA.£WL 1: % t .iJ. diktr~hl4.. tn1,. £4, b) aMLL 't

r (x) '? 0 . 'V" ;;;t. E- la, b) ~ .. &- i6~c.tJ.a. iM..~ D1'L (a .. b). l[ f (:;t_) <.0 tf %. e (a., b)) ~ Ir i4 a.

.drJ.ctLj . d4.th la~ ~x. (TY\.. ttl) ").

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS M2-T-Z6

flz.ln1 s.u.p~ x..11:;;(:z G (a , bJ) x,< %2 ~ ~b'(xJ 70

""';;t:.. E- (a J hJ .

. ~ [;;(.t·, x,.",.] CI.MA.. d..iJ..l.~

NOtiJ) , ~ . . ._ .. 8rL _ au

0l'L (Xi, X:z) bJz.ca...ud.e [ :X, J ;t::2.] C [a, b) ctttJ.. V io

di.1t6~~ (i2hUl. M a..Ut; ~) th1- ta) b).

HeMLrZ A ~ MtYt.L c e (X'I Zz) •

t (~J- k (;;(.,) =- (z~ -x,,) f (e)

NOliJ J :ot::.,_ ;;-%,. Sa x,;2. -;;<., >- 0

c Eo ( ;;£. , J a::.z) c ('I .... b). So , I (c.) ?" 0

'T"h.u&, (7(.:z. - a::,) r' (c) :> 0 J • '. • (:;(.2.) - t (X,) ;:0- 0

.'. :%of <: z,2. ~ &--£":'1)<" t (x.z )) v- ~1/~;z. € (a. ... b) .'. b i6 ~'cU:t 'WJ,~ en. CaJ b)

~. iJ: C4+1. hI1.. ~ t1uzj; ''t 1'(3(.) <.0" tr.:t:. E- (a: J b)) tMn. k i,&,dJ;;Uet"'1 tU..~ m'L (0." b).

2.4) Tht.b~ 2. : ·~t./;4 J..LJi.~ em. la.} b) I e € Ca." bJ}

k u di.~a.ua. aL c. .~ V'(e) > o} t:1ztMt t ~.mW44~ at c.. _ % Ir' (C) < OJ thm t

,14 ~~. tLt ~ ~.

P :unrf: 5u.I'~ r' (c:.) :> o. So we .CA.+'t. fftM.d. d 71U~~ (e-k" c+h) c: (a" b) ~ ;;JC. Eo (c.-h)c+l1)

=> Ir (x) -15 (c.) "> a (;(. ;1= e)

:::t..-c

"'J"'h.tAA J '::iC., <; C J 2:., e (c. -h ,e) ==> ;;(.., - C. -c 0

~ t (a:., J - b (C) ..::. 0 ~ k(~J < t(e)

ClM.d. c. <. xl. I '%.2. E (c) c.+ 11) => x2. - c.. '> 0

=> ~("":z.) - riC) .".0 => If (x,2.) ';> r t= J

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

M.2.-T-27

(2.5") ThLoltLut. 3 ;Su.jJ~ ~. i6 ~ $1.. r a., &1. It-. t ItA.4 a.. hrca..L ~ ((M. 1.troLl. ~) valuJl. dE c. E- (4.. b)

a..tui it b iJ, di.b6~f,:a.JJ4 d c. J .. :£hi,nf (c) = o .

. p~ ~ tee) is a. hrtAL ~ fc: E-(o:t}b)l Th.t.tt. ure ta.+t. ~ ( c -s, c + 5 Jc: (a. J b) ~ 1:ft;aJ; IJtA aJ.L :x. E (c-Ei .. C.+5)l tee) ~k(x)J i.e'J ~(;K.)-~(c.).s; 0 HEM.U." 't c. .c::. X <. c + 8, :tk.I.M.. If (x)- tie) ~. 0 (46 X - C. >0) "- - c.

llMd. it c-lj.£ x z, c" ~ .(r(fJt.) -b (c.) ~ 0 (ad X - c. <:. 0) x-co

... ..L.Wt. b (;X:) - t (c)

..,,-L . ". 0

..... -"c:. ,. :x..- c..

i. e., 6"' (c.) ~ 0 a.tt.d ~' (e) ~ 0 aA Ir i.6 d.i.it~ aX c . .. fCc):: o.

Si.""u,./.4A. ~ ca..,t h.tz. fi· v811.. uJken. Ir (c.) i6. 0. P.8cAL 7rU?f,('~.

! IA10 :ttA tA. ~.\. .I.JrcA! .~ V71lu (2. :

Tk«.. fr{A4.t" clAhi.lJ'"4.Iive Ted":

(26) TIuulJJ..4M.L 4-; % b ~. d.4tc~ en [a." b J CMU:t CE:- ( fA". h)

.DM.d. .tc"\ ~ tfl.L(~b.tA.lA.h.irtni C e - S,c + 6) c (a .. h 1 _, lr. , le. cLibh~ .H1. (c-~)c..+b) CLUL 1r'(G)=o ~

=- - b <.:: "X "- C. ==> t' (X) 70 b:01= a.LL x.,. Co <. .x. <. c..+~ $ ~I (,K)< o_ ao: a.il :x- -.t1t.0n. .~ -IutA a. ~. ~ aJ: ~ = c. .

. t11.tM.. Ir

PMcJ.):

MeA:M.va 11 LL iJuuJ/a£wL

J

Ii (x) - .r (.:oj ::: (x - c.) t' (_;;c,,) , c. - fJ .t!.. X. <. ;1C., <. c . Jrt:n. .SCHLIl ;(.,

:. t Lx) < t (c) a..d f (;(.,) > 0

~ c. < ::G <.Co +!J => ~ I C:it..) <:. 0 .

~ b'01- .~ -x..z..' e.c:.?C... z.':::' ;x. <:. c +.~

k ex) - t (C) =- (;;I(, - c) b' (::c.2,) c:::.. 0 a..d ;x -" ~ 01 b I ('X2,) < 0.,

3 - 4. DERIVATIVE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

M2.-T- 2.8

.. t ("-) <: & (c) .

HeN\.c.L ·th :x. e (c. - a) c + 0), we kute t (=<) .s t (c) .'. r -hRAa.. ./..tJuJJ. ~ a.t :x:. = c.

ih..Q.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ b.Il. a-t--Mt ~.

T~ ~ .JUN(~ -rea;.;

(~7 ) -rhuJMAn. s; t i6 .~ B1'L [4 .. h] ~ c. E- (a .. h) ~ th.uut ~1i d 'rlLi?=b8uA hIm71 ( t. - c) c +. d ). of c ~'-wuL Ht. (a .. b) SI..i..dt. t:Wd: ~ i6 d.J.'~

k.t (c-bJ C+b) CJAUi.. t"(c..)~. % fee) =- o. 6"(c.)~q, ~ h (e) ~. a. I..bcP..l '?'1'Li~

r Mt1 .: s.u.pp.ou.. -Ii Il(c.] -;. 0 . so k', i4 Q..t'L m~ ~bJV

ai: :x.. = c. . Th.aI2LffolUL w€. .£aM., ~ a. 7141.~

(uJiu.'t4 ·l!A:M.bz .~ as a. .d.Uk.u..t ~ (c. -S, C +- d) J "l c. ~ (e-n .. c + h) M wC...t'dt. it

:;(.1 <: c <.:;;c:.z.) ~ fc'X.,) < b'(c.) <.. 6' (Xz.)

.' . t '01(:1) <:. 0 < b I (;K:z.)

11t..u4, ~ h? a , k' ("-J "" 0 iM.. (c.-hJ c.)

a.uL f(;II(J 70 ~ t», c+ h)

.'. t ~a. hnA1 ?t1-i~ at ;;G = C. s.i.~1AAJ.; , ct CtlM.. b..tz. ~ 1:Iu.l..I;" 6" Cc.) -<. 0 => tee) ~ a. Jm:AP_ ~.